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	<title>1816 &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/1816/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "1816"</description>
	<pubDate>Thu, 20 Jun 2013 08:09:42 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Weee!]]></title>
<link>http://mangemeninger.wordpress.com/2011/10/30/weee/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 30 Oct 2011 07:45:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>manajones</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mangemeninger.wordpress.com/2011/10/30/weee/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Dette må feires! Jeg fikk nesten 2000 views på bloggen min denne måneden! Tusen takk, alle sammen!]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dette må feires!<br />
Jeg fikk nesten 2000 views på bloggen min denne måneden! <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
Tusen takk, alle sammen! &#60;3</p>
<p><a href="http://mangemeninger.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/feire.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-192" title="Feire" src="http://mangemeninger.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/feire.jpg?w=300&#038;h=199" alt="" width="300" height="199" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Il Barbiere di Siviglia]]></title>
<link>http://spaghettimusic.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/il-barbiere-di-siviglia/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Oct 2011 07:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>spaghettimusic</dc:creator>
<guid>http://spaghettimusic.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/il-barbiere-di-siviglia/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In the far 1816 the composer Gioacchino Rossini premiered his The Barber of Seville with the librett]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[In the far 1816 the composer Gioacchino Rossini premiered his The Barber of Seville with the librett]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[@*% Discount Meprolight Tru - Dot ML - 10224 Fixed Front / Rear Sights for Glock 9 .357 .40 &amp; .45 GAP cal. Price Comparisons]]></title>
<link>http://czhfu.wordpress.com/2011/10/05/discount-meprolight-tru-dot-ml-10224-fixed-front-rear-sights-for-glock-9-357-40-45-gap-cal-price-comparisons/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2011 15:41:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>czhfu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://czhfu.wordpress.com/2011/10/05/discount-meprolight-tru-dot-ml-10224-fixed-front-rear-sights-for-glock-9-357-40-45-gap-cal-price-comparisons/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Where Can You Find Best Meprolight Tru &#8211; Dot ML &#8211; 10224 Fixed Front / Rear Sights for Gl]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Where Can You Find Best Meprolight Tru &#8211; Dot ML &#8211; 10224 Fixed Front / Rear Sights for Glock 9 .357 .40 &#38; .45 GAP cal. Rating?</h2>
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<h3>Meprolight Tru &#8211; Dot ML &#8211; 10224 Fixed Front / Rear Sights for Glock 9 .357 .40 &#38; .45 GAP cal. Information</h3>
<p><u>Meprolight Tru &#8211; Dot ML &#8211; 10224 Fixed Front / Rear Sights for Glock 9 .357 .40 &#38; .45 GAP cal.</u> review, ratings, product detials, features, customer rating and everything about this product can be found here.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Give thanks to Mount Tambora, Sumbawa, Indonesia]]></title>
<link>http://zal79.wordpress.com/2011/09/22/give-thanks-to-mount-tambora-sumbawa-indonesia/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 22 Sep 2011 12:10:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>zal79</dc:creator>
<guid>http://zal79.wordpress.com/2011/09/22/give-thanks-to-mount-tambora-sumbawa-indonesia/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The year is 1815 a volcano explodes in Indonesia causing devastation, clouds of gas and ash across t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The year is <strong>1815</strong> a volcano explodes in Indonesia causing devastation, clouds of gas and ash across the globe for the next 18 months.</p>
<p>The following year (<strong>1816</strong>) five people (3 male, 2 female)  meet up at a villa by Lake Geneva.  This begins the start of something amazing.</p>
<p>These five individuals are known as</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">1. George <strong>Byron</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">2. John <strong>Polidori</strong> &#8211; Lord Byron&#8217;s physician</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">3. Lord Byrons mistress &#8211; Claire <strong>Clairemont</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">4. Percy Bysshe <strong>Shelley</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">5. Percy&#8217;s mistress later to become his second wife <strong>Mary Godwin</strong> later to become Mary Shelley</p>
<p>Three of these individuals were writers (probably in the class of the best writers of all time).</p>
<p>Reading German ghost stories and talking about experiments conducted by Erasum Darwin (grandfather to Charles Darwin) one thing lead to another until one night Mary woke from a nightmare. This nightmare would then lead to starting a short story. However Percy encouraged Mary to extend the story which would lead to the completetion of Marys first novel <strong>Frankenstein.</strong></p>
<p>Q. Would this world ever have known a story like <strong>Frankenstein</strong> if it had not been for the volcano at Mount Tambora?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[~!% Discount JETBeam RRT-21 Raptor Tactical Cree XM-L Flashlight - 460 Lumens for Less]]></title>
<link>http://pqfexxd.wordpress.com/2011/09/21/discount-jetbeam-rrt-21-raptor-tactical-cree-xm-l-flashlight-460-lumens-for-less/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Sep 2011 15:05:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>pqfexxd</dc:creator>
<guid>http://pqfexxd.wordpress.com/2011/09/21/discount-jetbeam-rrt-21-raptor-tactical-cree-xm-l-flashlight-460-lumens-for-less/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Where Can I Get Cheap Price JETBeam RRT-21 Raptor Tactical Cree XM-L Flashlight &#8211; 460 Lumens R]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Where Can I Get Cheap Price JETBeam RRT-21 Raptor Tactical Cree XM-L Flashlight &#8211; 460 Lumens Ratings?</h2>
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<h3>JETBeam RRT-21 Raptor Tactical Cree XM-L Flashlight &#8211; 460 Lumens Customer Ratings</h3>
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<title><![CDATA[Regency London]]></title>
<link>http://smithandgosling.wordpress.com/2011/09/02/regency-london/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 02 Sep 2011 16:03:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Janeite Kelly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://smithandgosling.wordpress.com/2011/09/02/regency-london/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Gotta love it when you&#8217;re reading a novel and suddenly you are transported back in time. I hav]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gotta love it when you&#8217;re reading a novel and suddenly you are transported back in time.</p>
<p>I have made mention before that Jane Austen&#8217; s novels are a great source for &#8220;life as lived&#8221; by people like the Smiths and Goslings. Never mind that Emma Smith later (1828) married James Edward Austen, Jane&#8217;s nephew!</p>
<p>Anyway, in preparation for the JASNA AGM, I&#8217;ve been re-reading <em>Sense and Sensibility</em> &#8212; which was published 200 years ago (1811-2011) &#8212; and came across a couple of passages that seem to breath &#8220;life&#8221; into similar scenes that must really have happened. Recalling my post of Mrs Gosling&#8217;s party, it&#8217;s just thrilling to read about Marianne and Elinor:</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">&#8220;<span style="color:#333399;">They arrived in due time at the place of destination, and as soon as the string of carriages before them would allow, alighted, ascended the stairs, heard their names announced form one landing-place to another in an audible voice, and entered a room splendidly lit up, quite full of company, and insufferably hot. When they had paid their tribute of politeness by curtseying to the lady of the house, they were permitted to mingle in the crowd, and take their share of the heat and inconvenience, to which their arrival must necessarily add. &#8220;</span></p>
<p><strong>Augusta Smith</strong> (Emma&#8217;s eldest sister) spoke of the <span style="text-decoration:underline;">press</span> of people when she went to court to be presented; this passage from <em>Sense and Sensibility</em> ably targets the &#8220;wonder&#8221; of one&#8217;s arrival &#8212; but also what awaited in rooms filled with <em>hundreds</em> of people!<img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2110" title="head_1816" src="http://smithandgosling.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/head_1816.jpg?w=217&#038;h=241" alt="" width="217" height="241" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Read about <strong>Mrs Gosling&#8217;s parties</strong> <a href="http://smithandgosling.wordpress.com/2011/04/03/what-if-you-threw-a-party/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Nicholas Ruxton Moore]]></title>
<link>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/nicholas-ruxton-moore/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Aug 2011 00:52:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Scott S. Sheads</dc:creator>
<guid>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/nicholas-ruxton-moore/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Another Revolutionary Hero Gone!&#8221; Died yesterday, at half past 1 o&#8217;clock, in the]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>&#8220;<em><strong>Another Revolutionary Hero Gone!&#8221;</strong></em> Died yesterday, at half past 1 o&#8217;clock, in the 62d year of his age, Colonel <strong>NICHOLAS RUXTON MOORE,</strong> late a member of the Congress and commandant of a Cavalry Regiment attached to the 3d Division, M.M. Colonel Moore was one of those worthies, who so nobly achieved the independence we now enjoy. His amiable qualities both in public and private life will long be cherished with gratitude by his fellow citizens. He has left a wife and four children to mourn his loss.</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>SOURCE:</strong> <em>Baltimore Patriot</em>, October 8, 1816.</p>
<p>Lieutenant-Colonel, 6th Cavalry Regimental District, Baltimore County</p>
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<title><![CDATA[#Jewish #Genealogy - A Continuing Homage to Moja żona ]]></title>
<link>http://mikeeliasz.wordpress.com/2011/07/26/jewish-genealogy-a-continuing-homage-to-moja-zona/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2011 09:45:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>C. Michael Eliasz-Solomon</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mikeeliasz.wordpress.com/2011/07/26/jewish-genealogy-a-continuing-homage-to-moja-zona/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I am continuing my efforts to retrieve/extract the Jewish records from the Catholic parish of Biecho]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am continuing my efforts to retrieve/extract the Jewish records from the Catholic parish of Biechow during the years when the Catholic Church was ordered to act the civil registration authority.  My last posting was for the years <strong>1810-1815</strong> inclusive.</p>
<p>These are the Jewish Births from 1816 in Biechow parish. For the record, there is not any record of 1817 on the microfilm. Ergo, this posting brings us upto: 1810-1817 inclusive. The prior post is <a href="http://mikeeliasz.wordpress.com/2011/07/14/jewish-genealo…e-to-moja-zona/" target="_blank">here</a> .</p>
<p><strong>Year:</strong> 1816      <strong>Priest:</strong> Jozef Parzelski         <strong>Gmina:</strong> Biechow     <strong>Powiat:</strong> Stopnica     <strong>Departement:</strong> Krakow      93 Total Births</p>
<p><strong>Record</strong> #11     <strong>Date:</strong> 1/31/1816</p>
<p><strong>Father:</strong> Dawid Matusowicz, Pakiarz, Age 22, Biechow   House #23</p>
<p><strong>Mother:</strong> Estera z Isserow, age 20</p>
<p><strong>Baby:</strong> Jasek</p>
<p><strong>Witnesses:</strong>  Jaska Walsowicz, pakiarz, age 38 &#38; Rzelika Chaymowicz, kaczmarz,  &#60;no age&#62;</p>
<p>&#8212;-</p>
<p><strong>Record</strong> #24     <strong>Date:</strong> 3/17/1816</p>
<p><strong>Father:</strong> Layzar Kabmanowicz, Pakiarz, Age 38, Piestrzec   House #33</p>
<p><strong>Mother:</strong> Rywka z Chaykow, age 40</p>
<p><strong>Baby:</strong> Hima (40)</p>
<p><strong>Witnesses:</strong>  Judka Faycer, arendarz, age 38 &#38; Jaska Jaskowicz , arendarz, &#60;no age&#62;</p>
<p>&#8212;-</p>
<p><strong>Record</strong> #38     <strong>Date:</strong> 5/23/1816</p>
<p><strong>Father:</strong> Abram Menkier, Pakiarz, Age 40, Woycza   House #2</p>
<p><strong>Mother:</strong> Channa z Fercykow, age 24</p>
<p><strong>Baby:</strong> Icek</p>
<p><strong>Witnesses:</strong>  Rzelika Chaymowicz, Kaczmarz, age 50 &#38; Giecta Moska, pakiarz,  &#60;no age&#62;</p>
<p>That is it for 1816 only 3 out of 93 total  = 3.22% of the births in the &#8220;parish&#8221;.</p>
<p>JRI you are welcome to use this data and/or incorporate this into your databases.</p>
<p>&#8211;<strong>Stanczyk</strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[William Vance and Jane Vance]]></title>
<link>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/07/09/william-vance-and-jane-vance/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 09 Jul 2011 11:44:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Scott S. Sheads</dc:creator>
<guid>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/07/09/william-vance-and-jane-vance/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[DIED on their passage from Jamaica, WILLIAM VANCE and his eldest daughter JANE, in the 13th year of]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>DIED on their passage from Jamaica, <em>WILLIAM VANCE</em> and his eldest daughter JANE, in the 13th year of her age &#8211; Yesterday evening their bodies were solemnly interred in the burying-ground of the Second Presbyterian Congregation of the City, when an appropriate address was delivered by the Rev. John Glendy, their beloved, sympathizing Pastor.</p>
<p>It would be east to swell the columns of this paper with an enumeration of the merits and useful qualities of Mr. Vance, not only as a valuable Citizen, but also as uniformly exercising the endearing and important duties of a husband and father, a friend and christian. It is our object on this melancholy occasion, to be brief, wishing that our words be few and well chosen&#8230;..</p></blockquote>
<p>SOURCE: Baltimore <em>American &#38; Commercial Daily Adv.,</em> May 23, 1816</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Viral Genesis, Pandemics, Ancient Guerrila Freedom Fighters, and Outrageously Expensive Diplomats]]></title>
<link>http://2guysreadinggibbon.wordpress.com/2011/07/02/viral-genesis-pandemics-ancient-guerrila-freedom-fighters-and-outrageously-expensive-diplomats/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 2011 02:26:38 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ken98</dc:creator>
<guid>http://2guysreadinggibbon.wordpress.com/2011/07/02/viral-genesis-pandemics-ancient-guerrila-freedom-fighters-and-outrageously-expensive-diplomats/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Day 658 &#8211; Ken here (F)(7-1-2011) (DEF II, v.4 Ch.42 pp.720-730)(pages read: 1780) A long, tang]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Day 658 &#8211; Ken here (F)(7-1-2011)<br />
(DEF II, v.4 Ch.42  pp.720-730)(pages read: 1780)</p>
<p>A long, tangential day.</p>
<p>The <strong>Lazic-Colchic Wa</strong>r, mostly taken from Procopius (secr to Belisarius) &#8211; a war of tangents: a long war of back and forth, wins/losses between Rome and Persia &#8211; with a lot of posturing and money spent &#8211; and in the end, nothing changes.  Actually still a good example of a Persian-Roman conflict which resembled the Russian-U.S. conflicts of the Cold War. </p>
<p>A <strong>tangent</strong> on <strong>pandemics</strong> and how this influenced the course of empires.</p>
<p>A <strong>tangent</strong> on how we can accurately <strong>date</strong> the <strong>genesis of a virus</strong> historically now (with genetics &#8211; the example used, measles).</p>
<p>A <strong>tangent</strong> on the (<strong>predictable) unfortunate vile prejudices of our host-historian Gibbon</strong> &#8211; in regards to people of color &#8211; specifically Africans.</p>
<p>And then, we&#8217;re on to a new chapter (43) and a long, long war of attrition with the Ostrogoths in Italy &#8211; retaking (again) Italy for Rome.</p>
<div style="border:5px solid #808080;margin:17px;padding:17px;">
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>The Story</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>Revolt of Colchis (542-549) &#8211; From Rome, then From Persia, then From Rome&#8230;</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<li>Roman &#8220;help&#8221; by having a <strong>Roman base/protectorate in Colchis</strong> &#8211; commerce turned into imperial monopolies, mercenaries sent to defend them become their oppressors &#8211; <strong>Lazians (with incredible naivete and foolishness) ask the Persians to come and rid them of these meddlesome Romans</strong> &#8211; a soon bitterly regretted decision </li>
<p>	&#60;li<strong>&#62;Persia comes thinking of a Mediterranean navy based on ports in the Black Sea </strong>- spec Colchis &#8211; Persia drives out Roman garrison, but reduces Laz to satrap, forced conversion (Laz=Byz Christian now) to Zoroasterianism &#8211; public rel of Persia</li>
<li>Laz sends emb to Just. REPENTS, asks Just. to get Persians out of Colchis &#8211; starts 8 years of war</li>
<p>&#160;</p>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>Siege of Fortress of Petra(549-551) (Romans besieging Persians who took it from the Romans)</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<li>a page and a quarter devoted to 1400 Persians holding the Roman fortress of Petra, against a Roman siege</li>
<li>They are relieved by more Persians, <strong>but 6000 Romans assault and take the fort</strong></li>
<li>Gibbon speaks of <strong>&#8220;honorable&#8221; wounds</strong> &#8211; ie those wounds in the front of the body &#8211; a quaint and revealing statement of a non-military 18th cent. English gentleman &#8211; ah, the romance of war -<strong> a weird kind of innocence &#8211; something the U.S. lost in the 1860&#8242;s and Europe def. lost by 1919 </strong></li>
<p>&#160;</p>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>Colchis or Lazic War (549-556) AND the Peace Treaty Negotiations (540-561)</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<li><strong>Romans drastically outnumbered &#8211; forced back</strong> to the sea by overwhelming Persian army</li>
<li>However Persians <strong>CANNOT TAKE COLCHIS because the native Lazians are now guerrilla &#8220;freedom&#8221; fighters</strong> and will not be taken &#8211; so turns into a stalemate</li>
<li><strong>Incredible outlays of wealth</strong> on the negotiations for peace &#8211; Persian ambassadors practically resident at Constantinople for years</li>
<li>example of $$: one official &#8211; the Persian-Latin interpreter (a Persian) gets 1000 lbs gold (approx $16 million or so) in expenses from Just. &#8211; just one official (all this from venemous pen of Procopius of course, who hates Just. and blames Just. for wrecking the empire with useless expense &#8211; still shows the incred amt of $$ flowing thru the imp revenue system if its accurate</li>
<li> -eventually a <strong>Fifty Year Truce</strong> is negotiated, and Persia renounces Colchis &#8211; status quo after 20 yrs of war &#8211; + an annual pmt to Persia from Const of 30,000 pieces of gold (for defense of the Gates of Caspian &#8211; but actually tribute &#8211; but a tiny tribute) (approx 420 lbs of gold- or about 7 million per year &#8211; peanuts to the empire) &#8211; less than what they paid for one official&#8217;s expenses during negotiations above</li>
<p>&#160;</p>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>Conquests in Abyssinia (522)</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<li>Ethiopia invades Yemen (Southern Arabia &#8211; cross the Gulf sep. Africa from Arabia) &#8211; supp. to help Christians there who are being persecuted by Jews</li>
<li>Ethiopia supp. wants alliance with Rome and Just. (533)</li>
<li>Then supp. <strong>a Roman slave of a Roman merchant takes power (Abrahah) away from Ethiopians</strong></li>
<li><strong>As you would expect, there is much anti-semiticism, much racism (anti-African) in this short 4 page history &#8211; its interesting that you can see the DIFFERENT PREJUDICES of DIFFERENT AGES HERE &#8211; to Gibbon, the scandalous thing was a black-skinned civilization, to Procopius, the scandalous thing was any civilization that was not Rome-based &#8211; so a slave of a Roman is better than all the Ethiopians put together and takes the kingdom away from the slow and not-Roman Ethiopians.  As Spock would say &#8211; fascinating</strong></li>
<p>&#160;
</p></div>
<p>&#160;<br />
<div id="attachment_5103" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 259px"><a href="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/abyssinians.jpg"><img src="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/abyssinians.jpg?w=249&#038;h=202" alt="What you get when you Google Abyssinians - to my surprise" title="What you get when you Google Abyssinians - to my surprise" width="249" height="202" class="size-full wp-image-5103" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">What you get when you Google Abyssinians - to my surprise</p></div></p>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>An Unfortunate, Disfiguring Prejudice &#8211; Gibbon and Africans (and Jews) &#8211; in Late Antique Ethiopia and Yemen</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<p>Shocked is one word for it (if you&#8217;ve been reading some of this blog previously, you knew that this would be my reaction to all this Gibbonian hoohaw)&#8230;</p>
<p>Gibbon&#8217;s frothing at the mouth when he is asked to contemplate even the <em>POSSIBILITY</em> of a dark-skinned successful city-state is as unsurprising as it is unwelcome.  Reading Gibbon&#8217;s impressive running editorial on Roman history, and then stumbling upon a series of wild, irrational racial prejudice is a little like being forced to watch someone repeatedly vomit up their food while eating your own dinner a few paces away.  It takes away somewhat from the pleasure of the overall experience, and is highly distracting, and actually is just very pitiable and pathetic.  Understandable (given an English Gentleman&#8217;s perspective in the late 1780&#8242;s) but sad, nonetheless. </p>
<p>Gibbon manages to uncritically insert the &#8220;Evil Jew Persecuting Christians&#8221; figure, as he usually does, into his story on the Ethiopians invading the Yemen.  Could it be the Christian Roman Imperial sources might be prejudiced against the Jews also?</p>
<p>Gibbon falls all over himself to show that a somewhat-white, non-Jewish race (Arabs) were responsible for all that&#8217;s commendable and noble in ancient Axum.   </p>
<p>What would he think today about the certainty that ancient Egyptians were more African (the famous &#8220;flattened noses&#8221; and &#8220;woolly&#8221; hair) than they were &#8220;white&#8221; &#8220;Europeans&#8221; somehow marooned in the Nile valley in the continent of Africa?  </p>
<p>Or the fact (genetically proven in the last decade or so) that we (homo sapiens) are ALL are basically African (migrating out of the continent at various times in the last couple of hundred thousand years)? </p>
<p>Apoplexy, paralysis, death, most likely would result &#8211; Death By Truth.</p>
<p>but anyways&#8230;</p>
<p><strong>A fascinating aside &#8211; the Ancient Eastern Romans apparently DID NOT have the STRONG PREJUDICES against dark skin that the 18th century sported so proudly.  But that &#8211; the evolution of prejudice &#8211; to the Romans it was Germans (Northern Europeans) who were beyond the pale, to the Northern Europeans in the Middle Ages on it was Muslims and then later, Africans &#8211; but again, that history is a history for another day.<br />
</strong><br />
Here, I&#8217;ll let Gibbon speak for himself:</p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>(DEF II. Volo.4, Ch.42, p.727-729)</p>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>On PANDEMICS and the MINIATURE size of battles in the Late Roman Empire</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<p>You can&#8217;t help get the feeling that we are living in a smaller world, a much smaller Mediterranean world than the that of the first 2 centuries of the empire &#8211; armies are smaller, cities are smaller, conflicts which seem huge to contemporaries involve numbers (wealth, people, etc) which are fractions of similar situations 300 years earlier.</p>
<p>The first plague, smallpox,  hit the Mediterranean first in Marcus Aurelius&#8217;s time (165-180)(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Plague">Aurelian Plague</a> &#8211; taking an estimated 5,000,000 people &#8211; 5 million &#8211; a devastating shock to the economy, and one which stopped and started wars, and may have helped TURN OFF the second century Pax Romana expanding economy of prosperity you hear so much about in the sources.</p>
<p>The second plague, smallpox again, hit (250-270+, 100,000 est mortality) in the middle of the Crisis of the Third Century (225-285) when all hell (and chaos) broke loose in the empire (possibly as a sustained reaction, partially, to the downsizing caused by the 1st great smallpox outbreak.  It effectively helped to nail the coffin shut on the Mediterranean commercial world of Antiquity &#8211; city budgets collapsed, money economies collapsed in rapid inflation (barter ensued), and the result was the Soviet-style, top-down, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_economy">Command Economy</a> system of Diocletian and the Dominate &#8211; which ACTUALLY SAVED the empire and its economy for a hundred years or so.</p>
<div id="attachment_5104" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 227px"><a href="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/flea.jpg"><img src="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/flea.jpg?w=217&#038;h=233" alt="A Flea - one way the Black Death, Bubonic Plague is spread " title="A Flea - one way the Black Death, Bubonic Plague is spread " width="217" height="233" class="size-full wp-image-5104" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">A Flea - one way the Black Death, Bubonic Plague is spread </p></div>
<p>The third, Justinian&#8217;s Plague, this time Black Death or Bubonic Plague (541+) took an estimated 25,000,000 (25 million) lives.  When the Black Death hit again with a vengeance in the Middle Ages (1341) it took Europe until Gibbon&#8217;s time (late 1700&#8242;s, or 400 years) to gain back the population it lost in a decade in the 1340&#8242;s.  It would not be too much to estimate that the empire of the 540&#8242;s &#8211; in terms of population &#8211; did not appear again until the late 900&#8242;s.  Remember also, the plague was a pandemic, hitting the Persians as well as the Romans, the Chinese, Africa, Asia</p>
<p>Justinian&#8217;s accomplishments are all the more remarkable, looking at the disastrous events of the early part of his reign (example, also the strange <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_weather_events_of_535-536">Late Antique Years without Summer (535-536)</a> (my own reference &#8211; to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer">the 1816 Year Without Summer) </a>- which played havoc with agriculture, caused widespread famine worldwide, could have weakened the human race enough to allow Plague to erupt in China and spread throughout the globe.</p>
<p>The world really was becoming a much, much smaller place, at least in terms of humans populating it.</p>
<p>In terms of battles, armies, and wars:</p>
<p>The pre-plague(s) Mediterranean world was comparitively awash with human beings.<br />
<div id="attachment_5106" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 230px"><a href="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teutoburg-forest220px-herrmann-von-vorne.jpg"><img src="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teutoburg-forest220px-herrmann-von-vorne.jpg?w=220&#038;h=293" alt="19th Cent. monument to the fallen Romans and victorious Germans of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE when the General Varus lost 3 legions and 18,000 men in the dark forests of Germany - or where the dark forces of the Roman Centralized State were stopped dead in their tracks by thousands of brave freedom fighters - you choose which label to use" title="19th Cent. monument to the fallen Romans and victorious Germans of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE when the General Varus lost 3 legions and 18,000 men in the dark forests of Germany - or where the dark forces of the Roman Centralized State were stopped dead in their tracks by thousands of brave freedom fighters - you choose which label to use" width="220" height="293" class="size-full wp-image-5106" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">19th Cent. monument to the fallen Romans and victorious Germans of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE when the General Varus lost 3 legions and 18,000 men in the dark forests of Germany - or where the dark forces of the Roman Centralized State were stopped dead in their tracks by thousands of brave freedom fighters - you choose which label to use</p></div></p>
<p><strong>Varus</strong></p>
<p>Although the Romans thought it a disaster (the &#8220;Varus Disaster&#8221;), they quickly re-grouped, came back at the Germans and effectively destroyed German resistance for the time being within 15 years.  It was a heavy blow (the loss of men), but it wasn&#8217;t a fatal one. </p>
<p>In 9 CE, three legions (18,000 men + camp followers and 1000&#8242;s of animals in the baggage train) were lost completely in the very early Empire by the Roman General Varus who woefully underestimated the opposing German leader Hermann (Arminius).    </p>
<blockquote><p>
So great was the shame, and the ill luck thought to adhere to the numbers of the Legions, that XVII, XVIII and XIX never again appear in the Roman Army&#8217;s order of battle. The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest was keenly felt by Augustus, darkening his remaining years. According to the biographer Suetonius, upon hearing the news, Augustus tore his clothes, refused to cut his hair for months and, for years afterwards, was heard, upon occasion, to moan, &#8220;Quinctilius Varus, give me back my Legions!&#8221; (&#8220;Quintili Vare, legiones redde!&#8221;). Gibbon describes Augustus&#8217; reaction to the defeat as one of the few times the normally stoic ruler lost his composure.
</p></blockquote>
<p>from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus#Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest">Wiki Publius Quinctilius Varus &#8211; Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a><br />
<div id="attachment_5107" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/adrianople.jpg"><img src="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/adrianople.jpg?w=300&#038;h=199" alt="Photo of Adrianople, modern Edirne, in Thrace, the westernmost parts of Turkey - also the place in 378 where the Roman emperor Valens lost a significant portion of mobile Roman legions in a drastic defeat at the hands of the Goths" title="Photo of Adrianople, modern Edirne, in Thrace, the westernmost parts of Turkey - also the place in 378 where the Roman emperor Valens lost a significant portion of mobile Roman legions in a drastic defeat at the hands of the Goths" width="300" height="199" class="size-medium wp-image-5107" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo of Adrianople, modern Edirne, in Thrace, the westernmost parts of Turkey - also the place in 378 where the Roman emperor Valens lost a significant portion of mobile Roman legions in a drastic defeat at the hands of the Goths</p></div></p>
<p><strong>Valens, Goths, and Adrianople</strong></p>
<p>by 378 and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople">Battle of Adrianople</a> (where the emperor Valens lost his own life and the lives of his 7 legions (Late Antique legions, 750-1000 men each) of 5,000-7,000 went up against between 10,000 and 15,000 Goths.  This, on the other hand was a significant reduction in Rome&#8217;s ability to field a sufficient number of armies to both guard the borders, and allow a mobile presence to deal with specific incursions/needs.  Many historians see it as the end of the Roman Empire&#8217;s resurgence (only 100 years since Diocletian re-established it after the Times of Crisis of the mid 200&#8242;s) and the beginning of the inevitable Decline and Fall.  Rome had run out of men.</p>
<p><strong>Justinian and Khusrau </strong></p>
<p>Fast-forward to our time (the 540&#8242;s), 5 years after a world-wide famine, 1 year into the beginning of one of the greatest pandemics in human history.  Persia has given up (for the time being) assaulting Roman towns in Syria, and is trying to take over distant Colchis (Georgia) from the Romans.  The Vandal war was accomplished with a few thousands of Roman troops, the Italian wars used 10-15,000, the Roman-Persian wars in Colchis, 7000 Romans, and 1000 auxiliaries.   </p>
<div id="attachment_5105" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 469px"><a href="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/measles.jpg"><img src="http://2guysreadinggibbon.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/measles.jpg?w=459&#038;h=462" alt="A closeup ofA closeup of the Measles virus - now known to be about 1100 years old - at least the strains we have around today Measles" title="A closeup of the Measles virus - now known to be about 1100 years old - at least the strains we have around today" width="459" height="462" class="size-full wp-image-5105" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">A closeup of the Measles virus - now known to be about 1100 years old - at least the strains we have around today</p></div>
<p>&#160;<br />
&#160;<br />
&#160;</p>
<div style="font-size:xx-large;">
<strong>Last Word&#8230;</strong>
</div>
<div style="font-size:larger;"><strong>We can NOW ESTIMATE the AGE OF DISEASES GENETICALLY</strong><br />
&#160;
</div>
<p>This fascinates me.  The first two great plagues of the Roman Empire were in 165-180 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Plague">Antonine Plague: </a>smallpox), and 250-270+ (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Cyprian">Cyprian Plague: </a>smallpox).  </p>
<p>There is some controversy about whether these two plagues were measles or smallpox, but through genetic analysis of the Measles virus, 21st cent. scientists can now assert that Measles jumped from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinderpest">Rinderpest or Murrain</a> in cattle or cloven-hoofed beasts and into humans sometime in the 1000&#8242;s.  </p>
<p> &#8211; from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Cyprian#Epidemiology">Wiki article on the Plague of Cyprian (250)</a> </p>
<blockquote><p>
Historian William McNeill asserts that the earlier Antonine Plague (166–80) and the Plague of Cyprian were outbreaks of two different diseases, one of smallpox and one of measles, although not necessarily in that order. The severe devastation to the European population from the two plagues may indicate that people had no previous exposure—or immunity—to either disease. The modern consensus, however, is that both outbreaks were of smallpox.[6] This latter view seems like to be correct given that molecular estimates have placed the evolution of measles after 500 AD.[7]</p>
<p>and the footnotes:</p>
<p>^ D. Ch. Stathakopoulos Famine and Pestilence in the late Roman and early Byzantine Empire (2007) 95<br />
^ Furuse Y, Suzuki A, Oshitani H (2010) Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries. Virol J. 7:52.
</p></blockquote>
<p>We live in an amazing time, and yet we&#8217;re JUST STARTING TO UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND US REALLY &#8211; we&#8217;re really just very very young children in a big, wide, unknown universe yet &#8211; I once read a historian (while I was still in a graduate program in history) who opined that in the distant future historians will mark THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES somewhere in the 20th or 21st centuries. </p>
<p>NOTE: there&#8217;s a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_epidemics">list of historical epidemics</a> in Wiki which is equally fascinating &#8211; notice the pandemics: Bubonic Plague of Justinian (541) and the Medieval Bubonic Plague &#8211; Black Death (1341) both took 25,000,000 (25 million lives) &#8211; an incredible number for Late Antiquity &#8211; AIDS (30 years into the pandemic) has taken 25,000,000 (25 million so far, worldwide).  </p>
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<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 17:33:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>zcaaszq</dc:creator>
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<title><![CDATA[George Lee]]></title>
<link>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/05/29/george-lee/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 May 2011 02:22:36 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Scott S. Sheads</dc:creator>
<guid>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/05/29/george-lee/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[DIED. Yesterday, captain George Lee, for many years a respectable inhabitant of this city. SOURCE: B]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><strong>DIED. </strong>Yesterday, captain <em><strong>George Lee</strong></em>, for many years a respectable inhabitant of this city.</p>
<p><strong>SOURCE:</strong> <em>Baltimore Patriot</em>, May 3, 1816.</p>
<p>Private, Captain George Stiles Co., First Marine Artillery of the Union, Baltimore.</p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Hill Dorsey]]></title>
<link>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/hill-dorsey/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 May 2011 01:06:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Scott S. Sheads</dc:creator>
<guid>http://marylandobits.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/hill-dorsey/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Died on Thursday, at his seat near this city, after a short and severe illness, Hill Dorsey, in the]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Died on Thursday, at his seat near this city, after a short and severe illness, <em>Hill Dorsey</em>, in the 21st year of his age. His remains were yesterday deposited in the family burying ground, at Belmont, the seat of A.C. Hanson, Esq.</p></blockquote>
<p>SOURCE: <em>Baltimore Federal Gazette</em>, May 10, 1816.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[~#~ Discount Oil Rigs, Artwork - 48&quot;W x 35&quot;H - Peel and Stick Wall Decal by Wallmonkeys for Sale]]></title>
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<dc:creator>vsnfcgp</dc:creator>
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<title><![CDATA["Dearly Beloved" - Royal Wedding circa 1816]]></title>
<link>http://smithandgosling.wordpress.com/2011/04/29/dearly-beloved-royal-wedding-circa-1816/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 29 Apr 2011 11:46:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Janeite Kelly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://smithandgosling.wordpress.com/2011/04/29/dearly-beloved-royal-wedding-circa-1816/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In the papers, in January 1816, this announcement: “It is rumoured among the Court Circles that a ma]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the papers, in January 1816, this announcement:</p>
<p>“It is rumoured among the Court Circles that a marriage is agreed on between the Princess Charlotte of Wales and Prince De Cobourg.”</p>
<p>Come May the papers could say, “The Royal marriage continues fixed for Thursday, at Carlton House &#8212; the ceremony to take place in the evening, after a grand entertainment, to which 140 are invited.</p>
<p>Mr. Satterfield, linen-draper to their Majesties, is said to have presented the Princess Charlotte with a dress of Manchester manufacture; and Miss Harrison, confectioner to the Princess, has also presented her with a large bride cake, beautifully ornamented with arms, &#38;c. &#8212; both were graciously accepted.</p>
<p>No less than three artists at one time were taking likenesses of the Princess Caroline on Thursday, as her Royal Highness sat at Cranbourne Lodge, viz. Rosenberg, sen. and jun. taking her profile and miniature, and Turnerelli modelling her bust.</p>
<p>Prince Leopold arrived at Windsor on the 22d, and continued there the whole week in close attention to the Queen, Princesses, and more particularly to his intended bridge. &#8211;Prince Leopold left Windsor Castle on Monday, and was met at Turnham Green by several carriages and officers of the Regent’s household, who conducted him to Clarence House, in the Stable Yard, where he was received in state by the Ministers, &#38;c. &#38;c. who were invited to dine with him the following day.”</p>
<p>On the same page as some Royal news, this insert about the Hon. Charlotte Gosling: “We have authority to state, that Mrs. William Gosling’s Ball in Portland-place, which was to have been on Friday, the 3d of May, is to take place on Thursday, the 2d.” Surely, then, this was some ball related to the royal wedding!</p>
<p>In Emma’s diary is this snippet: “Mama &#38; Augusta went to Mrs Goslings ball &#38; supper”.</p>
<p>Of this “very splendid Ball and Supper” <em>The Morning Post</em> called Charlotte “that distinguished luminary in the fashionable world” and termed No. 5 Portland Place a “superb mansion decorated with flowers and exotic plants.” “Here was a matchless specimen of taste and elegance.”</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2166" title="NPG D16053,'Marriage of the Princess Charlotte of Wales to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobourg, in the Crimson Saloon, at Carleton House, May 2 1816',by; published by; after Robert Hicks; Nuttall, Fisher &#38; Dixon; William Marshall Craig" src="http://smithandgosling.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/charlotte_and_leopold_wedding.jpg?w=495&#038;h=324" alt="" width="495" height="324" /></p>
<p>The day before the wedding “Prince Leopold returned to Clarence House, where after partaking of some refreshment, he went out in a private carriage attended by Sir Robert Gardner, and rode in the Parks. His Serene Highness got out of the carriage and walked in Hyde Park, without being recognized by any person except the Marquis of Anglesea, who was driving in his curricle, and stopped and spoke to his Serene Highness. On his return to Clarence House he was received with acclamations by a crowd collected round the house; he afterwards continued to appear frequently at the window of the balcony on the first floor, to gratify the curiosity of the spectators, till seven o’lock, when he retired to dinner, at which he entertained the Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers.”</p>
<p>“The dinner was served up in the dining parlour, in a very elegant and splendid manner. The table was decorated with a very brilliant plateau, and delicately white ornaments. The illumination of the room continued to attract the multitude, but they behaved very orderly. Great part of the populace were drawn away at four o’clock to Cumberland House, in consequence of the arrival of the Prince Regent… The Regent remained there till near six, when he was received with loud cheering by the populace.</p>
<p>Great numbers of Noblemen and Gentlemen resorted to Clarence House during the day, to make their respectful inquiries. A large assemblage of rank and fashion, to the amount of several hundreds, also paid their respects to the Princess Charlotte at Warwick House.”</p>
<p>The dress comes up for mention next:</p>
<p>“Tuesday last was the day appointed for the inspection of her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte’s wedding suits, &#38;c. which were executed by Mrs. Triaud, Bolton-street, in a style, peculiarly elegant, and appropriately splendid for the occasion, when her Majesty, his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, the Princesses, and all the Illustrious Personages present, were pleased to express their highest approbation of the exquisite taste and magnificence display in the various designs. We shall to-morrow, present to our readers a full description of this truly elegant portion of the Royal marriage preparations.&#8211;”<img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2167" title="Britain Royal Wedding" src="http://smithandgosling.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/royal-wedding_2011.jpg?w=300&#038;h=144" alt="" width="300" height="144" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>from the <a href="http://www.bbc.com/royalwedding" target="_blank">BBC</a>: read about today&#8217;s wedding<br />
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13207649" target="_blank">watch</a>: Five Royal Wedding Dresses</em></p>
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