“It is much easier to make war than peace” — Georges Clemenceau (French ambassador at the Paris Peace Conference) 

When the Great War, WWI, had ended, and the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28th, 1919 by the victorious Allied Powers and the defeated Germans, it set in motion a chain of events that ultimately led to the greatest catastrophe in world history, WWII. 

The Kaiser’s army had been quite different from that of the Nazi’s. Yes they had been ruthless, yes they had committed atrocities, but so did many other armies at the time. What made the Kaiser’s forces so much different from Hitler’s was ideology. The Kaiser viewed all Germans, including Jews, as his subjects. In fact, many German-Jews took up arms in the name of the Kaiser and had even served as officers in the war. This is not to say restrictions were not in place; Jews could not join the ranks of the nobility, which in German meant receiving the noble particle “von” before the surname, unless they renounced Judaism and converted to Christianity. This meant they could only rise so high within the ranks of the military, which was not uncommon throughout Europe, as many countries slighted minority groups during the age, be they religious or ethnic, but many Jews served in the Kaiser’s court, and had long established themselves as a well-assimilated, and appreciated community within German society. German-Jews, under the Kaiser, were, for the most part, very proud of their country, culture, and nationality, and thought of themselves as nothing but German. Ashkenazi Jews were actually very closely linked to Germany at the time, and adopted many aspects of German culture into Judaism. Yiddish, for example, was a dialect of German that was widely spoken by many Jews worldwide before the rise of Hitler. 

When Germany surrendered at the end of WWI, one must realize that the Allies didn’t even possess a single square-inch of German soil. For the most part, the British naval blockade, and the protracted nature of trench warfare, was what defeated the German army and the German people’s morale. At the time the armistice was signed, German troops actually occupied French and Belgian territory. Many of the German troops who were told they had to surrender, Pvt. Adolf Hitler included, could not understand why, since it was they, and not the Allies, who occupied their enemy’s countries. They had already technically won the war on the Eastern Front, after signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Russians in 1918, and had come close to winning the war in the West as well, on a number of occasions, even coming to within 30 miles of Paris at one point in the war. What these soldiers could not see, due to the fact it was intentionally being hidden from them by their government, was the fact that the German empire was running out of food, resources, and money, and morale had dwindled so low at home, and in some divisions, that the Kaiser had been deposed and many of his beloved divisions had begun to surrender their positions to the Allies wholesale. The German war machine had essentially been choked out, rather than smashed altogether, and German defeat was more of a matter of circumstance rather than fact. Most parties, such as the British, were simply happy to end the war, given the fact it had been the most costliest in human history up to that point. The French, however, having suffered German invasions for centuries, advocated a march on Berlin that would disable German war capabilities once and for all. The Allies undoubtedly had the upper hand at the time, but the Germans wouldn’t have stood by quietly had the Allies pursued such a strategy. It would’ve cost far more lives and could’ve extended the war for years on end… and, as is always the case in war, there was no guarantee of success either. 

Without being directly exposed to conditions on the home-front, bitter WWI vets, like Adolf Hitler, could not fathom how they had lost the war. From their bunkers and foxholes, all they could see were German boots on French and Belgian soil, yet they were being told that they had lost the war. Various conspiracy theories quickly started to spread amongst the soldier’s ranks, one of which was the Dolchstoßlegende, which translates in English as the “Stab-in-the-Back Legend”. The Dolchstoßlegende was a belief that gained widespread popularity in post-war Germany that claimed communist Jews, who were not believed to be “true Germans at heart”, had sabotaged the war effort both at home and in the field, causing the German war effort to fail. Only reinforcing the people’s belief in this conspiracy, two prominent German-Jewish bankers, Max Warburg and Carl Melchior, were sent to Paris as part of the delegation to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles and procure the “best possible financial terms” for Germany. When the Versailles Treaty turned out to be as harsh as it was, the two bankers were pointed to as evidence of a Jewish conspiracy that was trying to destroy Germany (Max Warburg’s role in financing the Bolshevik movement in Russia didn’t help things either). Jewish bankers and businessmen were accused of profiteering off of Germany’s defeat and the German-Jews as a people were viewed as an alien-element within Germany by much of the population from that point forward; making the people all the more susceptible to Hitler’s anti-Semitic message. The Weimar Republic was also thought to be responsible for the terms of the treaty, due to their ineptitude and corruption. This created a very hostile climate within the country against the government, which led to various coup attempts throughout the Weimar regime’s short reign. 

An astute statesmen, whose name I cannot recall (thought it was Woodrow Wilson but it doesn’t appear to be) said, “If you treat the Germans like enemies, they will not disappoint”. The exceedingly harsh conditions laid out in the Versailles Treaty, designed to break Germany for several generations, were obviously not very well received in the Fatherland. What really bothered many Germans, more so than the loss of territory/colonies, military reduction, or the reparations, was the forced admission of war guilt on the part of country. In the eyes of many, Germans and neutral parties alike, the Allies were at least partly to blame for backing Serbia after Serbian agents assassinated the crown prince of the Austrian Empire, the archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Allies believed that Kaiser Wilhelm simply used the archduke’s assassination as a pretext for war, and that he had been craving new territory for some time. There was no denying that Kaiser Wilhelm was a militarist-expansionist, and that he had a particular distaste for both France and Russia, but claiming that Germany would’ve declared war on the Allies even if Franz Ferdinand had not been shot is pure speculation. The German people begrudged this condition of the treaty so much because they felt it was the source of all the other terms, such as the territorial loss and reparations. Had Germany’s cause for war been declared legitimate, the Allies would’ve had no justification in sticking it to Germany in the fashion that they did. 

These perceived injustices, combined with the ineffectiveness of the democratically elected Weimar Republic, caused widespread resentment in Germany towards the West (i.e. France, Britain, USA, etc..). Democracy, capitalism, materialism, civil rights, etc… were disdained by many, and a rash of anti-Semitism spread like wildfire. Post-WWI, the German people essentially split into two camps, neither of which were democratic; Marxists and National Socialists. Various communist coup attempts took place throughout the reign of the Weimar Republic, which partly led to a rise in ultra-nationalism. In response to these Marxist agents, many of which were Jewish, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi party began to make headway on the political scene. It wasn’t long after that that Marxists and Nazis were openly killing each other in the streets. Promising to save the wealthy businessmen in Germany from communism, Hitler gained the support of many capitalists, even though he had no more love for capitalism than the communists did. 

The chaotic political conditions mixed with the miserable economic conditions in Germany set the stage for a demagogic, savior-like figure to rise to the forefront of the political scene. The Germans believed they had been unfairly treated by the Allied powers and believed communist Russia was covertly attacking them, in an effort to dismantle their sovereignty and subjugate them to Soviet rule. When Adolf Hitler promised to put the people back to work, rearm the nation, recover lost territory, and rid the country of foreign/communist/Jewish influence, it resonated with many of the people. Although the Nazi Party never gained a majority in the Reichstag by the vote of the people, they did become the most powerful political party in the country by the late ’20s, and their popularity only grew when Hitler started delivering on his promises (i.e. economic revival, rearmament, territorial reclamation, etc..). 

Had the Allied Powers not alienated, punished, and isolated Germany at the end of the war like they did, they would not have fanned the flames of ultra-nationalism within the country and soured the German people’s taste for democracy. On the other hand, had the Allies not totally destroyed the Kaiser’s system and replaced it with a corrupt faux-democracy, there would’ve been no need for a demagogue to create a new system of his own. On the other side of the spectrum, had the Allies, at the very least, driven the Germans out of France and Belgium, there would’ve been no need on the part of the German soldier to reach for conspiracy theories as to why their government had told them to surrender. Of course, hindsight is 20/20, but one can make a pretty good case that the Versailles Treaty was to Hitler as Dr. Frankenstein was to the Frankenstein monster.

In the opinion of most all historians, the first turning point of WWII came decades before Hitler came to power; decades before the second worldwide conflagration was ignited. Had the Allies either dealt with Germany more leniently, or pressed their advantage all the way to Berlin, the course of world history would’ve unquestionably played out much, much differently. 

“I don’t know whether war is an interlude during peace, or peace an interlude during war” — Georges Clemenceau 

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles may have been WWII’s first turning point, but it was by no means its last. I will further elaborate on WWII turning points in upcoming posts.

Courtesy Morningsun.net

PITTSBURG, KANSAS

The old Jefferson Highway was the first transcontinental road to traverse the North American continent from north to south, and possibly the first dedicated international highway in the world.

So why is it nearly forgotten while Route 66, not nearly so historic or as long, is still celebrated with festivals and tons of memorabilia?

“It’s because of that TV show in the 1960s and its hit theme song,” said Mike Conlin, native of Canada who now lives in Metairie, La. “We need a song about the Jefferson Highway.”

With or without a song, it’s his mission to make the Jefferson Highway famous again. He and friend Gary Augustine, Prince George, British Columbia, are currently making their “Pine to Palm ‘09″ road trip to raise awareness of the highway.

“We’re also finding out about all the places along the highway, things that would make people want to stop and visit while they’re driving along the route,” Conlin said.

He and Augustine, who started their trip Nov. 4, were in Franklin and Pittsburg Friday to visit sites along the old highway. Serving as their guides were Phyllis Bitner and Randy Roberts, curator of Special Collections at Axe Library, Pittsburg State University.

The highway was conceived at a meeting in New Orleans in 1915, and was dedicated in 1919. The northern end was in Winnipeg, Canada, and the route traveled through Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas before ending in New Orleans. No federal funding was used in its construction.

“It was financed by township money and private money,” Roberts said. “Imagine a highway being built that way today.”

There was a rivalry between Missouri and Kansas, who both wanted the highway, and between sites in eastern and western Kansas. “The rivalry between the two Kansas groups actually got more contentious than the one between Kansas and Missouri,” Roberts said.

In the end, the eastern part of the state won, and Pittsburg was one of the stops on the highway.

“It went straight down Broadway, south to Centennial, then east, past the location of the current Mt. Carmel Regional Medical Center, then south to Opolis,” Roberts said. “By the 1920s there were big poles on Broadway to mark it. I’ve been told there’s still one highway marker somewhere in Crawford County, but I don’t know where it is. If anybody does know, I hope they get in touch with me.”

He added that highway advertising noted there were three convenient hotels for travelers around Seventh and Broadway — the Hotel Stilwell, the Leland Hotel and the Wick Hotel. The current Parrot Bey, 408 N. Locust, was the site of the Jefferson Highway Garage.

Bitner and Roberts took Conlin and Augustine to lunch at the Corner Bistro. The bistro’s parking lot was the location of a depot for the Jefferson Bus Lines, named for the highway.

Conlin said he became interested in the highway around three years ago after reading a newspaper article about it.

“A piece of it runs through Metairie,” he said. “I was homesick for Canada, and when I found out the highway started in Winnipeg, I felt a connection to it. I’m a map maker by trade, so I researched it and made a map of it. Then I decided to drive it and see where it goes.”

He was going to start in September, but Augustine, who had just purchased a mobile home, said he would come along if Conlin could plan the trip later.

The two were in Carthage, Mo., before coming to Pittsburg.
“A section of Route 66 runs right on top of the Jefferson Highway at Carthage,” Conlin said. “But a lot of the old highway route in Missouri is gravel today.”

He and Augustine plan to end in New Orleans by Nov. 18. Then Conlin will have to sort through all the notes and material he has collected during the trip.

“It will take me months to know all the stuff I’ve got,” he said. “It would be nice to do a documentary about this, but I haven’t had time to take the video camera out of the bag.”

In the meantime, he posts information online.

“If you Google the Jefferson Highway, I come up before Wikipedia does,” Conlin said. “That’s not easy.”

http://www.morningsun.net/news/x255185316/Visitors-see-sights-along-historic-highway

###

557.  King cobra may kill female if rebuffed? (Nov. 9, 2009)

558.  The two most powerful regional powers: Turkey and Iran; (Nov. 10, 2009)

559.  The European Union (EU): Modern Europe leading human rights; (Nov. 10, 2009)

560.  Africa is targeted to be exclusively the world’s food basket; (Nov. 11, 2009)

561.  The world’s food basket: Africa is heaven for agro-business investments; part 2. (Nov. 12, 2009)

562.  I have problem with Newton’s causal factor; (Nov. 13, 2009)

563.  Food baskets for year 2050; (Nov. 14, 2009)

564.  “Peace treaty”: Paris, 1919; (Nov. 14, 2009)

“Peace treaty”: Paris, 1919; (Nov. 14, 2009)

I watched a documentary on the French channel TV5 this Thursday, Nov. 12, 2009. The documentary was relating and commenting on the five months that dragged on before the most lousy “peace treaty” was finally signed to end WWI.  The chiefs of the main 5 nations who won in the First World War sat around in Paris to discuss how to partition the world.  The government chiefs were: USA (Wilson), Britain (Lloyd George), France (Clemenceau), Italy, and Japan.  Germany had ceased fire; the Kaiser, “Emperor Guillaume”, is settled in the Netherlands.  Turkey is declared defeated as ally to Germany.

Every delegation from all over the world, when allowed, was given 10 minutes to expose his case and demands.  Ho Chi Minh (from Viet Nam) was refused an appointment; he will later defeat the French in 1954 and then the US forces in 1973. Wilson wanted to discuss establishing a world organization of State of Nations to prevent further military escalations; the other four leaders were trying hard to convince Wilson that they are not against this idea but there are more urgent matters to resolve at this junction.  The four other leaders wanted to redraw world’s borders; cartographers spent 5 months redrawing borders.  Wilson wanted the people to decide and vote for their destiny; the other four leaders tried hard to educating Wilson on pragmatic procedures.

In the meantime, Communism was spreading everywhere in Europe and the USA; the “Spanish flu” had decimated 20 millions in Europe and America (it was called the “Spanish flu” simply because it was the Spanish press that divulged this scourge that States were trying to keep under cover.  Soldiers were returning from the war front at the pace of 100,000 each month; I see one-legged soldiers hoping around in a baseball game and their companions laughing and having good time. Soldiers were returning home to experience famine, miseries, and desolate institutions to taking care of business.

The world’s “five leaders” are smoking cigars and pipes and looking mightily serious. Lloyd George wanted 300 billions in gold for war reparation from Germany; his financial counselor, the famous Keynes, is steadfastly suggesting agreeing on 10 billions for material damages on the ground that Germany could barely pay even that amount; Lloyd George had plenty of time to get practical at this stage.  Wilson does not want any reparations and the other four leaders are fuming because it was not the US that lost millions of dead and injured soldiers and civilians in the war. Clemenceau wants to recover the Alsace and Loraine in addition to La Sarre region, rich in goal production, in Germany to exploit for 15 years in war reparation.  The Italian President just wants a port on the Adriatic Sea as an advanced post to check any resurgence of hostility but he is adamantly refused his wish.

A Germany delegation of over 110 individuals arrives in Paris to deal a peace treaty. The train is made to stop first in Verdun where 450 thousand soldiers on both sides died. This delegation is typing reams of legal papers claiming that they are not the only culprit for starting the war. The vanquishers have no time to read the German side of view: they want Germany to admit that it is the sole bad party and that it had lost the war. The Germans are upset: why discuss a peace treaty if the other party has already made his mind?  The German delegation refused the humiliating peace deal and the war was on the verge of resuming.  The German sank their merchant marine in order not to be captured by the allies. Clemenceau is furious because he could not convince Lloyd George to jointly board these ships to avoid sabotage.

By now, Wilson is totally worn out and more hawkish than even Clemenceau. In the last 5 days before the refusal of Germany to sign the humiliating peace treaty Lloyd George had second thoughts: if Germany is completely humiliated then any demy-god would take power and start another war. Lloyd George also needed to do trade goods with a strong Germany. What Keynes suggested as reasonable reparation of 10 billions in gold is fine with Lloyd; Germany does not need to admit that it lost the war. The problem was how to convince Wilson after manipulating him for five month on pragmatic politics. Wilson is adamant: Germany has to understand that it lost the war; period! Then the German Chancellor resigned and another peace delegation arrived in Paris and signed the treaty in Versailles. Wilson could go home to face major downturns.

The Italian President lost the election and could not attend the peace signing ceremony: Mussolini was on the rise. The American Congress refused the plan of Wilson for establishing the Society of Nations. China and Japan were not satisfied; Japan will invade China in 1935 and capture Korea as a colony.

While the leaders in Paris were discussing dividing the world into mandated colonies Wilson’s concept of people deciding on their future destiny by vote went down the drain as the months eroded his determination into “pragmatic” attitudes. Clemenceau got just what he asked La Sarre. Poland recaptured a region in Germany with the Dantzig port.

The Middle East people want independence from Turkey that lost the war. No problems.  Hussein of Mecca has many children. One of them by the named of Faissal is appointed King to Syria and Lebanon. Another by the name of Abdullah is appointed King to Jordan. A third is appointed King to Iraq, I think: I am confused.  Wilson sent a delegation to gather field intelligence on the wishes of the people. Clemenceau and Lloyd George had another plan: they partition the Middle East between them.  France is to have mandate on Syria, Lebanon, and “Antaquia” in Turkey that Syria claimed to be part of its lands.  England is to have mandate on Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine. There were barely 5,000 immigrant Jews in Palestine at the time.

Clemenceau sent a French army to depose King Faissal and govern his “mandated people”. Mount Lebanon is split from Syria and more lands are attached to Lebanon so that it might have the illusion of agricultural “self-sufficiency”.

Reichstagsprotokolle 1919/1920: Der Verfasser der Petition, Herr Hans Weißbecker, bittet, geeignete Fürsorgemaßnahmen für seine im linksrheinischen Gebiete wohnhafte Familie treffen zu wollen. Der Petent legt in seiner Eingabe vom 9. Februar 1919 etwa folgendes dar:

“Um nicht arbeitslos zu sein, habe ich mir im rechtsrheinischen Gebiete Beschäftigung gesucht. Infolge der harten Waffenstillstandsbedingungen bin ich von meinen im besetzten linksrheinischen Gebiet wohnenden Familienangehörigen völlig abgeschnitten. Meine Familie darf mir weder hierher folgen, noch mit mir in Briefwechsel treten. Mir selbst fehlt es an Kleidung, Wäsche usw. Ich bin vermögenslos und kann den Unterhalt für meine Familie nur durch mein Arbeitseinkommen bestreiten. Bei den hohen Kosten für den notwendigen Lebensunterhalt bin ich außerstande, von meinem geringen Einkommen einen doppelten Haushalt zu führen. Meine Familie leidet sicher bittere Not. Ich bitte daher, daß der Staat eingreift, damit meine Frau mit Kindern nicht in dem namenlosen Elend untergehen.”

Der Ausschuß verhandelte erstmalig über diese Petition am 12. März 1919 und beschloß die Hinzuziehung eines Regierungsvertreters.

Der von der Regierung entsandte Vertreter, Preußischer Gesandter Graf von Wedel, gab in der Sitzung des Ausschusses am 1. Juli 1919 in der Angelegenheit folgende Erklärung ab:

“In den Waffenstillstandsabkommen vom 11. November v. Js. und in den einzelnen Zusatznoten sind Bestimmungen über den Reiseverkehr zwischen den besetzten Gebieten und dem unbesetzten Gebiet nicht enthalten. Die Entente hat den Reiseverkehr selbständig geregelt. Diplomatische Vermittlung bei der Betreibung von Reisegesuchen hat sie sich wiederholt ausdücklich verbeten, dabei hat sie die Gesuchsteller auf den von ihr vorgeschriebenen unmittelbaren Weg verwiesen. Auf die Petition des Hans Weißbecker hin ist die Waffenstillstandskommission in Spaa vom Auswärtigen Amte in Berlin aus telegrafisch ersucht worden, bei der alliierten Waffenstillstandskommission auf die Erteilung der Ausreiseerlaubnis für Frau Weißbecker und ihre Kinder hinzuwirken. Die Waffenstillstandskommission hat darauf berichtet, daß sie den Auftrag an den Kommandeur der neutralen Zone des Abschnitts IV in Frankfurt am Main weitergegeben habe, da sie bei der alliierten Waffenstillstandskommission nichts mehr erreichen könne.

An sich haben die einzelnen Abschnittskommandeure nur die Anträge auf Zulassung der Einreise  in das besetzte Gebiet an die feindlichen Besatzungsbehörden zu vermitteln; Anträge auf Zulassung der Ausreise aus diesem Gebiet sollen stets bei der nächsten Paßstelle der feindlichen Besatzungstruppen beantragt werden. An welche Paßstelle sich die Ehefrau Weißbecker hiernach zu wenden hätte, ist hier nicht bekannt. Sie würde dies bei dem Territorialkommandeur für Neustadt erfahren können.

Zu bemerken ist noch, daß Neustandt a. Hardt, wo sich die Frau des Gesuchstellers befindet, zu dem von französischen Truppen besetzten Abschnitt gehört, und daß von diesen nach den Erfahrungen des Auswärtigen Amtes Deutschen die Ausreise aus dem Abschnitt in das unbesetzte Gebiet grundsätzlich nicht gestattet wird, gleichgültig ob es sich um dauernd oder nur vorübergehend in dem Abschnitt weilende Personen handelt.”

Beide Referenten beantragten, die Petition der Regierung als Material zu überweisen. Diesen Vorschlägen trat der Ausschuß bei und beantragt daher:

Die Nationalversammlung wolle beschließen: die Petition Tgb. II. Nr 131, betreffend Fürsorgemaßnahmen für Familien im besetzten linksrheinischen Gebiet, der Reichsregierung als Material zu überweisen. Berlin, den 18. Oktober 1919.

Der Ausschuß für die Petionen.

Thiele, stellvertretender Vorsitzender. Sagave, Berichterstatter. Becker(Oppeln). Frau Brönner. Bruckhoff. Deglert. Dröner. Frau Ekke. Frau v. Gierke. Dr. Hartmann(Oppeln). Holl. Joos. Jungnickel. König. Kunert. Kuntze. Laukant. Legendre. Niedmiller. Dr. Runkel. Frau Rhyneck. Schulz(Westpreußen). Steinsdorff. Szezeponik. Dr. Taucher. Frau Tesch(Hessen-Nassau). Tremmel. Ziegler.

]]> http://thestone.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9%d9%8c-%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%af%d9%81%d9%8d-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a/ Thu, 12 Nov 2009 22:38:16 +0000 TheStone http://thestone.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9%d9%8c-%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%af%d9%81%d9%8d-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a/

تحت شعار لا… عنف !

انتهى اليوم الثاني عشر من شهر نوفمبر لعام 2009 والموافق لــ الرابع والعشرون من ذو القعدة المهرجان الأول للعنف الأسري

والذي كان لي شرف الإنضمام لمجموعته التنظيمية… المشكلة العظيمة التي أودت بالكثير من الأرواح ومازالت! يالقوتها حين تسمع بدخول فتى أو فتاة لمستشفى بسبب ضرب أهلها له\لها ويالها من ألم بسماعها.

ولقد تعوّد الجميع وللأسف على السكوت والخضوع لما يواجه… من قولهم بـ”كلًّا له نصيبه” … فللأسف لا يعلم الكثير أن هناك ما يسمى بلجنة الحماية من العنف الأسري والتي تحمل الرقم 1919 … يمكن الاتصال عليهم دومًا عبر هذا الرقم 1919 وياله من رقم جميل وسهل الحفظ .

كانت الحملة في مجمع الراشد في المدينة المنورة، وكعادة شباب طيبة يعملون المستحيل لأجل نشر الفكر الصحيح

كان جدول المهرجان كالتالي :-

اليوم الأول:

1. محاضرة للدكتورة فاطمة الداود.
2. فقرة إنشادية
3. نقاش مع الجمهور
4. تدشين الموقع
5. تكريم بعض الرجال ذو الأيادي البيضاء
6. كلمة للممثل القدير يوسف الجراح

اليوم الثاني:

1. محاضرة للدكتورة المنظمة للحفل نجاة الأحمدي
2. محاضرة للدكتور عاطف قناوي
3. فقرة إنشادية
4. محاضرة للدكتور طارق الحجار ( وكم كانت تحوي من الأمثلة المضحكة )
5. محاضرة للدكتور يوسف الفقي
6. مسرحية جدول الضرب الرائعة

وهنا بعض الصور التقطتها بكاميرا جوالي المتواضعة اليوم

وهنا فيديو مقطع من آخر المسرحية …

وهنا بعض المواقع التي ذكرت خبر المهرجان :

1. صحة المدينة
2. جريدة الرياض
3. صحيفة الندوة
4. صحيفة شمس
5. صحيفة طيبة الإلكترونية

… سأتكلم قليلًا عن تجربتي الاجتماعية، هذه كانت مرتي الأولى في الانضمام لمجموعة تطوعية، واسمها “مجموعة إخاء”

وقد نظمت الحفل ثلاثة مجموعات تطوعية وهي :

1. يلا شباب
2. شباب المستقبل
3. إخاء

وكانت إخاء هي أكثرهم عددًا، وقد عمل الكل على التنظيم بكل سعادةٍ وفرح بحيث أن ما نعمل عليه هو هدفٌ سامي.

أتمنى أن تتكرر لي هذه التجربة في مهرجانات أخرى وحملات أيضًا، أودعكم الآن

Leemos en Mateo 24:36  –Respecto a aquel día y hora nadie sabe, ni los ángeles de los cielos, ni el Hijo, sino solo el Padre.–

La historia de los testigos de Jehová desde sus inicios con C.T.Rusell ha estado marcada con una sencilla contradicción, y es que han hecho caso omiso al mensaje bíblico.

Aventurarse a marcar fechas para el fin de sistemas de cosas, fin de los tiempos de los gentiles, inspección de Jesús en la tierra, guerra de Dios en el Cielo, entronización de Cristo en los cielos, resurrección de patriarcas….. etc.  fechas que tuvieron que cambiar al llegar el dia y no ocurrir nada, o no poder demostrar el acontecimiento, por ocurrir supuestamente en los cielos.

Algunos estudios basados en las publicaciones de los testigos de Jehová dan fe de ésto.

• ¿Vendiendo el armagedón para 2034?
• 1975 -La gran estafa
• 1975 – Falsas profecías
• Profecías fallidas acerca del fin del mundo
• Las falsas esperanzas incumplidas
• La sociedad watchtower oculta su pasado
• 1975 – Gran falsedad con cara de verdad – parte I
• 1975 – Gran falsedad con cara de verdad – parte II
• 1975 – Gran falsedad con cara de verdad – parte III
• 1975 – Gran falsedad con cara de verdad – parte IV

Veterans Day started as a day to remember the anniversary of the Armistice signing that ended World War I. On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918 the German signed the Armistice which helped to end the major hostility. Pres. Woodrow Wilson first proclaimed an Armistice Day for November 11, 1919 and on November 8, 1954 Congress amended this act on by replacing “Armistice” with Veterans and it has been known as Veterans Day ever since.

Source: Wikipedia

‘Turf in je ransel’, daarmee begon het. Op 6 november 1919, vanuit een primitieve radiostudio -een woning- in de Haagse Beuklaan.
Met een bordje boven de deur waarop stond: ‘brandt dit licht, dan koppen dicht’. Het was de geboorte van de Nederlandse omroep.
En de man die het bewerkstelligde was de Haagse ingenieur Hanso Schotanus à Steringa Idzerda.

Idzerda (‘IDZ’ was zijn radio-roepnaam) zond een zogenaamde radio soirée musicale uit. De studio- en zendapparatuur was gemaakt door zijn eigen bedrijfje, de NRI (Nederlandse Radio Industrie).

Tot 11 september 1924 wist hij zijn zender met de roepletters PCGG in de lucht te houden. Door gebrek aan geld kwam een eind aan deze pioniertijd.

Inmiddels nam de Hilversumse Nederlandsche Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF), met steun van Philips, die twee zendmasten bij Huizen beschikbaar stelde, de publieke omroeptaak over. Uit de Seintoestellenfabriek kwam de AVRO voort en daarna NCRV, KRO, VARA en VPRO.
Het verzuilde omroepbestel was definitief geboren, en we zouden er nooit meer van af komen.

Bijgevoegd 1: FIRATO 1969 in de RAI te Amsterdam

Bijgevoegd 2: Negentig jaar omroep in Nederland (totaaloverzicht)

www.goedmakers.eu

My Top 10:

1. The Battleship Potemkin
   

   The Battleship Potemkin (1925)

2. Greed
3. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
4. The Birth of a Nation
5. The Gold Rush
6. The Phantom of the Opera
7. The Hunchback of Notre Dame
8. Foolish Wives
9. The Last Laugh
10. The General
    

TSPDT Consensus Top 5 Films:

• #8 – The Battleship Potemkin
• #27 – The Gold Rush
• #30 – The General
• #51 – Intolerance
• #64 – Greed

AFI Top 100 Films:

• The Birth of a Nation – #44 (1998) – not on 2007 list
• The Gold Rush – #75 (1998) – #58  (2007)
• The General – #18 (2007) – not on 1998 list
• Intolerance – #49 (2007) – not on 1998 list

Nighthawk Awards:

• Best Picture: The Battleship Potemkin
• Best Director: Sergei Eisenstein (The Battleship Potemkin)
• Best Adapted Screenplay: Greed (from the novel McTeague)
• Best Original Screenplay: The Gold Rush
• Best Actor: Charlie Chaplin (The Gold Rush)
• Best Actress: Lilian Gish (Broken Blossoms)
• Best Supporting Actor: Donald Crisp (Broken Blossoms)
• Best Supporting Actress: Zasu Pitts (Greed)

Ebert Great Movies (in order that he added them):

• The General
• The Battleship Potemkin
• Greed
• Broken Blossoms
• The Last Laugh
• The Birth of a Nation
• The Phantom of the Opera
• Faust
• Safety Last
• Nanook of the North
• Cabiria
• The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
• Souls for Sale

1912 is where I begin this project because it was in 1912 that Richard III, the earliest surviving feature length film was released.  1926 is where this post ends because the Academy Awards began in 1927.  So this pretty much covers the pre-Academy era of feature films.

Because these are the pre-Academy years no group existed to decide what was the best film of each year.  So if you’re looking to try to figure out what films to watch from this era, there are several ways to go about it.  First, you can look at TSPDT and their list of the Top 1000 films of all-time.  It’s a good place to start, though it leaves a lot to sort through.  You could try the AFI list which, between the two versions of 400 films in consideration, included 19 different films from this era (aside from the 4 films on the two versions of the top 100 they also nominated Richard III, The Cheat, The Poor Little Rich Girl, Broken Blossoms, Within Our Gates, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Kid, Safety Last, Sherlock Jr., The Thief of Bagdad, The Big Parade, The Freshman, Greed, The Phantom of the Opera and Ben-Hur).  There are 13 films from this era that have been featured on Roger Ebert’s Great Movies list.  You could also try focusing on one director in particular.  Charlie Chaplin began in this era making short films, eventually starting his feature directing career, though his only true classic during this era is The Gold Rush.  D.W. Griffith was the top director of the era and almost his entire career was done before sound ever made it to the screen.  There is Erich von Stroheim, who made far fewer films than Griffith, but each film is worth seeing.  Then there are the foreign directors, the ones who get missed if you stick to AFI, like all of the great silent work of Fritz Lang and F.W. Murnau.  While the #1 film on my list (and TSPDT) is Russian, 5 of my top 20 are German films (1 Lang, 3 Murnau and Cabinet).  But really, it’s hard to go wrong.  I’ve seen over 100 feature length films from this era and none of them are bad and only 2 of them are as low as **.5 (Dream Street and The Idol Dancer – two of Griffith’s weakest films).  Films that have managed to survive from this era usually have survived for a reason – either because of their director, their historical value or their quality.

To me, among the actors there are four main names that stick out: Charlie Chaplin, for his amazing ability, Lon Chaney for the way he would disappear into his characters, Emil Jannings, who in the silent era proved that language was irrelevant and Erich von Stroheim, who maintained a dignified air about him even when he was acting the complete cad.  Among the actresses, there was only one; Lilian Gish rises above everyone else in the profession during this era.

Of course, there are highlights of film history all through this era:

• 1912 – Mack Sennett releases the first Keystone Kops films / Carl Laemmle organizes several independent companies into Universal
• 1913 – Lon Chaney begins working in Horror films / D.W. Griffith leaves Biograph after over 500 shorts / Cecil B. DeMille rents a barn that will later become Paramount
• 1914 – Chaplin first appears on-screen as the Tramp / Louella Parsons becomes the first movie columnist
• 1915 – Film debuts of W.C. Fields and Douglas Fairbanks
• 1918 – Warner Bros. release its first film  (Four Years in Germany) / first Tarzan film
• 1919 – Chaplin, Pickford, Fairbanks and Griffith form United Artists / Oscar Micheaux becomes first African-American director
• 1920 – Marriage of Fairbanks and Pickford
• 1921 – Fatty Arbuckle trial
• 1922 – Will Hays appointed head of MPPDA / release of Nanook of the North
• 1923 – Introduction of 16mm film by Eastman Kodak / Hollywoodland sign is erected
• 1924 – Metro, Goldwyn and Mayer form to become MGM
• 1925 – Soviet Union begins to finance national filmmaking
• 1926 – Death of Valentino

My Top Film from each calendar year:

• 1912 - Richard III
• 1913 – Ingeborg Holm
• 1914 – The Avenging Conscience
• 1915 – The Birth of a Nation
• 1916 – Intolerance
• 1917 - A Man There Was
• 1918 – The Spiders Part I: The Golden Lake
• 1919 – The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
• 1920 – The Golem
• 1921 – The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
• 1922 – Foolish Wives (Nosferatu is my #1, but it’s Oscar eligible in 1929)
• 1923 – The Hunchback of Notre Dame
• 1924 – The Last Laugh
• 1925 – Greed
• 1926 – The Battleship Potemkin

Overlooked film of 1923:

The Hunchback of Notre Dame (dir. Wallace Worsley)

Lon Chaney as Quasimodo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923)

I had actually planned to write about the 1922 version of Oliver Twist, also starring Lon Chaney.  I had begun with talking about how if you have only seen Chaney in horror films, then your film horizons need to be expanded, how Chaney was one of the greats of the Silent Era, how he was the first great film Fagin but in spite of his acclaim, today it is easier to find a still of Ben Kingsley or Alec Guinness (or even Timothy Spall) when you Google the words “Fagin” and “Chaney.”  But then going through all the lists I came to a realization.  Hunchback is obscenely overlooked.  Ebert hasn’t covered it, it isn’t included in the Top 1000 (or even the doubling the canon extra 1000 films you can find there though the inferior 1939 remake is) and wasn’t among the 400 films by AFI under consideration for either their original list or the 2007 version.  Yet it is an essential Horror film (and made it to #19 on my Top 25 Horror List) and ranks only behind Phantom of the Opera in the Chaney pantheon.  It is an excellent early example of how books could be translated onto film and how the images we see up on the screen stay with us through our voyages in literature.

Have you read the book?  The odds are no.  Victor Hugo is much talked about and much adapted, but seems to be rarely read.  Les Miserables has been memorably translated into many different forms, but at 1463 pages (longer than War and Peace) isn’t read particularly much.  And of course, Hugo didn’t write a novel titled The Hunchback of Notre Dame.  The actual title of the book is Notre-Dame de Paris.  Hugo’s title emphasizes the cathedral’s place as the center of the book.  But films didn’t go for that.  The first film version was titled Esmeralda and this film pretty much set in stone the notion of Quasimodo as the central character and Hunchback as the title (which is what you will usually find on current printings of the book).

The film certainly wanted to focus on Quasimodo and to give Chaney free reign to show his incredible talent (both for acting and for makeup).  The first shot of him, a couple of minutes into the film, captures him high in the frame, up on the balcony of Notre Dame, watching the proceedings of the Festival of Fools.  Then we cut to a somewhat closer shot and get the first hints of his grotesque looks.  Then there is the title card announcing the character and actor.  Then we cut again, this time to a close-up and we get our first real look at the hunchback: curved spine, distorted face, scar for a right eye, wild hair, rough hands covered with thick, dark hair.  It is a brilliant simultaneous slow and quick reveal that prefigures the same kind of theatrical effect we would get from the first look at the Phantom’s face only two years later.

Movie audiences hadn’t really seen anything like this before.  Here was this grotesque monster, leering and mocking the people below him, later stripped to be punished and determined to be grotesque through and through; yet their sympathies were touched.  He is so gifted that he is able to climb down the outside of the cathedral.  He is so devoted that he will go to any lengths to please those whom he feels he serves.  His love is so strong that in the end, death is more pleasurable than the concept of existence without his beloved.  He is so much more preferrable to Phoebus, has so much more honesty, courage and even dignity.  While it was Chaney who had conceived the project, even having say over the cast and director, and thus no question that his monster would be the center, it is his performance rather than any ego that makes him the star.

When Chaney died in 1930, death was already no stranger to Hollywood; yet no death before Chaney had robbed cinema of so much.  Valentino was revered by women everywhere and good films had been made by Ince and Stiller, but it was Chaney who had the most future to offer to film fans.  This film was the beginning of the crowning of Universal Studios as the champion of Horror.  Great Horror films had been made in Germany (Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Nosferatu, The Golem), but nothing like this had been seen in the States.  His Phantom would cement his reputation as the Man of a Thousand Faces and we can only imagine what kind of makeup we would have seen had he been around to perhaps star in Dracula or Frankenstein or The Mummy or The Wolf Man.

But instead he died.  We were denied the chance to see him become a huge Horror star in the sound era.  And he could have done it.  “No dialogue.  We didn’t need dialogue.  We had faces.”  Norma Desmond says that, of course.  And it’s true most of all about Chaney.  He had a great voice as was proved in his one sound film, but he didn’t dialogue.  He had that face, those moves, those natural abilities.  He was always a star, even if people don’t seem to remember the film that truly made him one.

[ipaper id=21989129]

¿Fue inspirado Joseph Rutherford por ángeles de Dios?

El Apocalipsis según Joseph Rutherford

El entendimiento actual que poseen los testigos de Jehová sobre las profecías del Apocalipsis, y la aplicación de otras profecías bíblicas, se debe a la interpretación particular y a las experiencias de Joseph F. Rutherford, el segundo presidente de la Sociedad Watch Tower tras la muerte de Charles T. Russell.
Joseph Rutherford fue encarcelado el 21 de junio de 1918, y liberado el 26 de de 1919, junto con otros 7 directivos de la entonces
Sociedad Watch Tower.
Todo aquel que conozca la historia de los testigos de Jehová sabe
que se considera la liberación de Rutherford y sus 7 colaboradores
ocurrida en 1919 como el gran suceso espiritual que marcó la
historia del pueblo de Dios.

Si bien es 1914 la fecha clave por ser la fecha de la entronización de Jesucristo como Rey del Reino de Dios, es realmente la fecha de 1919 la que es tomada como la fecha en la cual Dios demuestra que    respalda a la Organización de los Estudiantes de la Biblia         (Testigos de Jehová).

A continuación se alista una serie de consideraciones              sobre   la importancia de la fecha de 1919                                               para los testigos de Jehová:

• Cae Babilonia la Grande (Rev. 14:8; 18:2): re 205, 206, 209, 259-261; w89 1/5 3-5

• “Camino de la Santidad” abierto (Isa 35:8): ip-1 380, 381; ws 134

• “colocación de la cosa repugnante” (Da 12:11): dp 298, 300; w93 1/11 10, 11

• comienza a proclamarse: “¡Tu Dios ha llegado a ser rey!” (Isa 52:7): ip-2 187

• comienza la “mies de la tierra” (Rev 14:14-16): re 211, 212

• comienzan los 1.260 días (Rev. 12:6, 14): re 183, 184

• comienzan los 1.290 días (Da 12:11): dp 298, 300; w93 1/11 10, 11

• “esclavo fiel y discreto” ‘nombrado sobre los bienes del amo’ (Mt 24:47): w04 1/3 12; wt 131

• esclavos fieles ‘nombrados sobre muchas cosas’ (Mt 25:21, 23): w04 1/3 17

• espíritu de Jehová comienza a derramarse sobre el resto (Joe 2:28, 29): w98 1/5 14, 15

• fiesta de las Cabañas antitípica se reanuda: w96 1/7 24

• ‘fuego arrojado a la tierra’ (Rev 8:5): re 131, 132

• langostas ascienden del abismo (Rev 9): re 143-148; w89 1/4 17, 18; w88 15/12 13

• los 144.000 comienzan a cantar “como si fuera una canción nueva” (Rev 14:3): re 200

• nacimiento de la nueva nación (Isa 66:8): re 183, 184; ip-2 397-400; w94 15/1 14

• organización celestial de Jehová semejante a un carro se pone en comunicación con la clase Ezequiel (Eze 1): w91 15/3 11

• “puerta abierta” puesta delante del resto (Rev 3:8): re 60-65

• resto come “el rollito” (Rev 10:8-11): re 159, 160

• resto liberado de Babilonia la Grande: ip-2 74; ip-1 400, 401; w89 1/5 4, 5

• resto refinado (Isa 1:24-27): ip-1 32-34

• resto restaurado a un paraíso espiritual (Isa 35): ip-1 380

• resto resucitado en sentido figurado: re 169, 170; dp 290, 291; w88 15/10 13; w87 1/7 21-23

• ‘se desata a los cuatro ángeles’ (Rev 9:15): re 149-151; w88 15/12 13

• vírgenes oyen el clamor “¡Aquí está el novio!” (Mt 25:6): w04 1/3 14

Queda claro que la base de muchas creencias y enseñanzas se
basan en la liberación de Joseph Rutherford de la prisión, hecho
que Rutherford y los testigos de Jehová hasta el día actual
interpretan como la intervención de Dios que demuestra que
realmente Cristo respaldaba a los Estudiantes de la Biblia, en
contraposición a las demás confesiones religiosas de la
cristiandad.

El punto en cuestión es:

¿De dónde obtuvo Joseph Rutherford la interpretación de las profecías bíblicas, particularmente las del Apocalipsis?

¿Cómo supo la interpretación de profecías como las referentes a los 7 toques de trompeta y los 7 tazones, los 1260 días, los 1290 y los 1335 días (Revelación 8, 9; Daniel 12:7, 11, 12)?

Dejemos que publicaciones de la
Watch Tower respondan a esta
pregunta:

Esta cuestión se propone para el beneficio de los fieles del resto aquí en la Tierra, y el ángel del Señor les otorga a los fieles del resto la
información que necesitan en respuesta a sus preguntas
(Revelación 1:1).

Esto prueba que la interpretación de profecías no procede de hombres, sino del Señor Jesús, el Comandante en Jefe de la Organización de Jehová, envía la información necesaria a su pueblo a través de sus santos ángeles. (Libro Preparation, p. 28; The Watchtower, Agosto 1, 1933, p. 231, ¶23.)

Entonces, ¿creía Rutherford que recibía información
entendimiento sobre la Biblia por medio de ángeles?

Libro Preparation, 1933, página 64:
“La iluminación procede de Jehová… y es dada a los ungidos… el
resto no oye sonidos audibles, porque no es necesario. Jehová ha
provisto su propia buena manera de transmitir sus pensamientos a
las mentes de los ungidos”.
Se ha dicho que la literatura de la Watch Tower no es infalible, sino
que se trata del entendimiento bíblico más acorde a la “luz que se
va haciendo más y más clara” (Proverbios 4:18). No obstante,
Rutherford afirmaba recibir en su mente pensamientos que le
ayudaban a esclarecer el entendimiento de las Escrituras por medio de ángeles.
Información que aparece en diversos libros escritos por
Rutherford muestran que él afirmaba que la interpretación que le
daba a la Biblia, provenía de los ángeles, pero no era inspirada.
Ahora bien: ¿qué registra la literatura moderna de los testigos de
Jehová? ¿afirman que el entendimiento que tenía Rutherford él lo
recibía de ángeles?

Veamos textualmente qué indica el libro Proclamadores, página
708:
“Cómo guía Jehová a su pueblo“
Los que componen la actual organización cristiana no reciben
revelaciones angélicas ni inspiración divina. Pero sí tienen las
Santas Escrituras inspiradas, que contienen revelaciones del
pensamiento y la voluntad de Dios. Como organización, e
individualmente, aceptan la Biblia como la verdad divina, la
estudian cuidadosamente y permiten que esta obre en ellos.
(1 Tes. 2:13.)

Pero ¿cómo llegan al  entendimiento correcto  de la Palabra de Dios?

La Biblia misma dice: “¿No pertenecen a Dios las interpretaciones?”. (Gén. 40:8.) Si en su estudio de las Escrituras hallan un pasaje que es difícil de entender, tienen que buscar hasta encontrar otros pasajes inspirados que aclaren el asunto. De esa manera dejan que la Biblia se interprete a sí misma, y hecho esto, procuran comprender “el modelo” de la verdad que se expone en la Palabra de Dios.”

¿Por qué no se reconoce aquí o en otras publicaciones que
Rutherford afirmaba que recibía revelaciones de ángeles, hecho que aparece en publicaciones escritas por él mismo?

Si Rutherford recibía entendimiento de la Biblia de parte de ángeles enviados por Dios, ¿necesitarían ser esas explicaciones de Rutherford ser aclaradas constantemente si son “iluminación de parte Dios por medio de ángeles”?

¿No sería acaso superior la “verdad” revelada de Rutherford al continuo entendimiento siempre en renovación del Cuerpo Gobernante?

¿Eran realmente ángeles de Dios los que otorgaron “entendimiento” a Rutherford?

Esta es una cuestión importantísima.

Si realmente fueron ángeles de Dios los que inspiraron a Rutherford el entendimiento de, por ejemplo, el cumplimiento de las profecías del Apocalipsis sobre los 7 toques de trompeta y los 7 tazones de la cólera de Dios (Rev. 8, 9, 16), y los tiempos proféticos de Daniel (1260 días, 1290 días y 1335 días aplicados a los tiempos de Rutherford), entonces hemos de creer que toda la estructura de interpretación profética de los testigos de Jehová está correcta, y no requiere ser refinada, puesto que nadie creería en su sano juicio que Dios mandaría ángeles a enseñar errores.

Y ¿si no fueron los ángeles de Dios los que “guiaron” el entendimiento de Rutherford?

¿Pudieron haber sido espíritus malignos los que “inspiraron” a Rutherford?

Si esto es cierto, entonces se abren las puertas del entendimiento a
muchos asuntos.

¿Realmente habrá caído Babilonia la Grande en 1919?

¿Realmente las profecías del Apocalipsis se cumplen tal y como se han enseñado hasta la actualidad?

¿Son algunas de las enseñanzas proféticas de la Watch Tower simplemente una maquinación del Enemigo para distraer la atención del real y efectivo cumplimiento de las profecías apocalípticas?

Haciendo alusión al “alimento espiritual al tiempo apropiado”, ¿por qué será que desde el año 2001 no hay ni 1 artículo de estudio sobre las profecías de Revelación explicando algunos nuevos cumplimientos, tomando en consideración que el espíritu santo debe “iluminar” a los nuevos y más jóvenes miembros del Cuerpo Gobernante, autoproclamado conducto de Dios en la Tierra que no
necesita consultar con nadie sus decisiones?

¿Será que se fue la luz allí? ¿O toda la iluminación (del Cuerpo Gobernante) está dirigida a los asuntos económicos y cómo recibir más y más donaciones?

contribuído

investigación basada en

publicaciones de la Sociedad Watch Tower Bible and Tract inc.

y las siguientes páginas en internet:

Was Rutherford a Spirit Medium?
http://www.theforbiddenknowledge.com/hardtruth/rutherford_spirit_meduim.htm
The Spirit World Guided Rutherford
http://www.seanet.com/~raines/guided.html

Viel Spaß auf meiner Seite

Liebe Grüße

Crissini

Para quem já percebeu, eu gosto muito desta poetiza Florbela Espanca. Não é meu pseudônimo (antes fosse). Sendo considera a figura feminina da literatura portuguesa em todos os tempos, Florbela d’Alma Conceição  Espanca – 1894/1930 – (como assinava seu nome), fruto de uma relação extra conjugal (A esposa de seu pai não podia ter filhos, então ele adotou uma tradição medieval: ter filhos de outra mulher).

“Em 1903, aos sete anos, faz seu primeiro poema, A Vida e a Morte. Desde o início é muito clara sua precocidade e preferência a temas mais escusos e melancólicos.” (PRAHOJE, 2009).  Sendo uma das primeiras mulheres a ingressar no curso secundário (ela havia ingressado no Lirceu de Évora), fato não muito bem aceito por professores e sociedade daquela época. Casou-se com seu colega de estudos, Alberto Moutinho. O então marido traia-a, com a empregada (fato clássico e ridículo). Em 1915 divorcia-se de Florbela, para casar-se com Henrique de Almeida…

“1916, Florbela reúne uma seleção de sua produção poética de 1915 e inaugura o projeto Trocando Olhares, coletânea de 88 poemas e três contos. O caderno que deu origem ao projeto encontra-se na Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, contendo uma profusão de poemas, rabiscos e anotações que seriam mais tarde ponto de partida para duas antologias, onde os poemas já devidamente esclarecidos e emendados comporão o Livro de Mágoas e o Livro de Soror Saudade.”(PRAHOJE, 2009)

“1917 a poetisa completa o 11º ano do Curso Complementar de Letras, e logo após ingressa na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa.Após um aborto involuntário, se muda para Quelfes, onde apresenta os primeiros sinais sérios de neurose. Seu casamento se desfaz pouco depois.” (PRAHOJE,2009)

1927 Florbela perde seu irmão Apeles em um acidente. Isto abalou demais a poetiza, publicando o “Às Máscaras do Destino” em dedicação ao seu irmão.

Em dois de dezembro de 1930, Florbela encerra seu Diário do Último Ano com a seguinte frase: “… e não haver gestos novos nem palavras novas.” Às duas horas do dia 8 de dezembro – no dia do seu aniversário Florbela D’Alma da Conceição Espanca suicida-se em Matosinhos, ingerindo dois frascos de Veronal. Algumas décadas depois seus restos mortais são transportados para Vila Viçosa, “… a terra alentejana a que entranhadamente quero”.

Livros publicados:

- Livro de Mágoas (1919)
- Livro de Soror Saudade (1923)
- Reliquiae (1931)
- Charneca em Flor (1929)

Contos:
- Às Máscaras do Destino (1931 – Dedicado ao seu Irmão)
- Dominó Negro (1931)

… fonte: http://www.prahoje.com.br/florbela/?page_id=59

…bem é isso…

Um Poema dela aqui..:

Sem Remédio

Aqueles que me têm muito amor
Não sabem o que sinto e o que sou…
Não sabem que passou, um dia, a Dor,
À minha porta e, nesse dia, entrou.

E é desde então que eu sinto este pavor;
Este frio que anda em mim, e que gelou
O que de bom me deu Nosso Senhor!
Se eu nem sei por onde ando e onde vou!!

Sinto os passos da Dor, essa cadência
Que é já tortura infinda, que é Demência!
Que é já vontade doida de gritar!

E é sempre a mesma mágoa,o mesmo tédio,
A mesma angústia funda, sem remédio,
Andando atrás de mim, sem me largar!…

(Florbela Espanca)

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