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<title><![CDATA[1998 APMO Problem #5]]></title>
<link>http://problemsforlunch.wordpress.com/2012/05/19/1998-apmo-problem-5/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 19 May 2012 08:08:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Justin Stevens</dc:creator>
<guid>http://problemsforlunch.wordpress.com/2012/05/19/1998-apmo-problem-5/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Find the largest positive integer  such that  is divisible by all the positive integers less than .]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Find the largest positive integer <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a> such that <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a> is divisible by all the positive integers less than <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=af45403efc6c376456427a954ab36ae6c5d01662&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\sqrt[3]{n}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/f/4/af45403efc6c376456427a954ab36ae6c5d01662.gif" alt="\sqrt[3]{n}" /></a>.</p>
<p><strong>Solution</strong></p>
<div>First off, remark that for the region <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=300d157fac8e0d88f9bacbf0f1d366d4f9ca77dd&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="7^3&#60;n&#60;8^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/3/0/0/300d157fac8e0d88f9bacbf0f1d366d4f9ca77dd.gif" alt="7^3&#60;n&#60;8^3" /></a>, we have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=0afe0ee479b399e8f07b91997bc2d5a1e257abdb&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\lfloor \sqrt[3]{n} \rfloor=7" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/0/a/f/0afe0ee479b399e8f07b91997bc2d5a1e257abdb.gif" alt="\lfloor \sqrt[3]{n} \rfloor=7" /></a> therefore we must have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=867210930f43daba307ca600cc66179f2c8ee0d7&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)&#124;n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/8/6/7/867210930f43daba307ca600cc66179f2c8ee0d7.gif" alt="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)&#124;n" /></a> giving us <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=5fb4528b1df4dfa80fa4ea6a8d11453a3ad609e4&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="420&#124;n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/f/b/5fb4528b1df4dfa80fa4ea6a8d11453a3ad609e4.gif" alt="420&#124;n" /></a> or therefore since <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=285a3ff421e4d489a266e4541bf8a4c0517272ae&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="343&#60;n&#60;512" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/8/5/285a3ff421e4d489a266e4541bf8a4c0517272ae.gif" alt="343&#60;n&#60;512" /></a> we must have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=e1e3c6938bc5c8a507a99de779fe9b60305674bc&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=420" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/e/1/e/e1e3c6938bc5c8a507a99de779fe9b60305674bc.gif" alt="n=420" /></a>. However, for the region <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=b065666d5bc9896842f364047bf5e823a32a66e2&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="8^3&#60;n&#60;9^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/0/6/b065666d5bc9896842f364047bf5e823a32a66e2.gif" alt="8^3&#60;n&#60;9^3" /></a>, we have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=3a34fc559834c48ccb8c15b18223962b078d6a94&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\lfloor \sqrt[3]{n} \rfloor=8" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/3/a/3/3a34fc559834c48ccb8c15b18223962b078d6a94.gif" alt="\lfloor \sqrt[3]{n} \rfloor=8" /></a> therefore we must have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=a599d7f179c25bf3fc3e74458b82929d004959e2&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)&#124;n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/5/9/a599d7f179c25bf3fc3e74458b82929d004959e2.gif" alt="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)&#124;n" /></a> giving us <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=90821fb7f3ce529ffd0a728c5fd62c7505815b3f&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="840&#124;n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/9/0/8/90821fb7f3ce529ffd0a728c5fd62c7505815b3f.gif" alt="840&#124;n" /></a> however, <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=209a12d730aaecfdbf728fe264af8ffa40322506&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="512&#60;n&#60;729" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/0/9/209a12d730aaecfdbf728fe264af8ffa40322506.gif" alt="512&#60;n&#60;729" /></a> giving us an obvious contradiction. From here, I am going to prove that <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=5b6d87c08abeec362d06d61ccb81fabab26b8347&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, \cdots n)&#62;(n+1)^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/b/6/5b6d87c08abeec362d06d61ccb81fabab26b8347.gif" alt="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, \cdots n)&#62;(n+1)^3" /></a> for all <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=b1a3af68aa7fee95b51e564dedcd63726c3e6d22&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n\ge 9" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/1/a/b1a3af68aa7fee95b51e564dedcd63726c3e6d22.gif" alt="n\ge 9" /></a> which in turn proves that looking in the region <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=9788fa33da97698ff0e2d63a905c3955fc7855c1&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n^3, (n+1)^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/9/7/8/9788fa33da97698ff0e2d63a905c3955fc7855c1.gif" alt="n^3, (n+1)^3" /></a>, there are no solutions for all <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=e7ca28b26e45ec3c6ef7e306bc007a6f9a5baed7&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n\ge 8" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/e/7/c/e7ca28b26e45ec3c6ef7e306bc007a6f9a5baed7.gif" alt="n\ge 8" /></a> (since we have already proven <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=fe5dbbcea5ce7e2988b8c69bcfdfde8904aabc1f&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="8" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/f/e/5/fe5dbbcea5ce7e2988b8c69bcfdfde8904aabc1f.gif" alt="8" /></a> above) giving <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=224e33edc4ecfc6f038d231091790a6e8375cd22&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\boxed{420}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/2/4/224e33edc4ecfc6f038d231091790a6e8375cd22.gif" alt="\boxed{420}" /></a> as our maximum.Remark that the maximum power of <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=da4b9237bacccdf19c0760cab7aec4a8359010b0&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="2" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/a/4/da4b9237bacccdf19c0760cab7aec4a8359010b0.gif" alt="2" /></a> less than <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a> is at least <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=a64c1b2df604f8cfa9acf6716a3cc1424488361e&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n}{2}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/6/4/a64c1b2df604f8cfa9acf6716a3cc1424488361e.gif" alt="\frac{n}{2}" /></a>, for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=77de68daecd823babbb58edb1c8e14d7106e83bb&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/7/7/d/77de68daecd823babbb58edb1c8e14d7106e83bb.gif" alt="3" /></a> it is<a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=4de0f387b35d0865b1f96d528b2f1b06fb6f1903&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n}{3}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/d/e/4de0f387b35d0865b1f96d528b2f1b06fb6f1903.gif" alt="\frac{n}{3}" /></a>, for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=ac3478d69a3c81fa62e60f5c3696165a4e5e6ac4&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="5" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/c/3/ac3478d69a3c81fa62e60f5c3696165a4e5e6ac4.gif" alt="5" /></a> it is <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=45aeb8da51b6db9a7bfc8c3220fdbab923e2c714&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n}{5}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/5/a/45aeb8da51b6db9a7bfc8c3220fdbab923e2c714.gif" alt="\frac{n}{5}" /></a> and for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=902ba3cda1883801594b6e1b452790cc53948fda&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="7" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/9/0/2/902ba3cda1883801594b6e1b452790cc53948fda.gif" alt="7" /></a> it is at least <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=bc0214ae42c195c0461cdfab1165436471052a95&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n}{7}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/c/0/bc0214ae42c195c0461cdfab1165436471052a95.gif" alt="\frac{n}{7}" /></a>. From here, I will prove that the given equation works for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=2e40afeb952bcd55fc40c9f1b714cd6f63025960&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=9" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/e/4/2e40afeb952bcd55fc40c9f1b714cd6f63025960.gif" alt="n=9" /></a> through <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=bd307a3ec329e10a2cff8fb87480823da114f8f4&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="13" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/d/3/bd307a3ec329e10a2cff8fb87480823da114f8f4.gif" alt="13" /></a> then explain why this completes our proof.</p>
<p>For <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=2e40afeb952bcd55fc40c9f1b714cd6f63025960&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=9" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/e/4/2e40afeb952bcd55fc40c9f1b714cd6f63025960.gif" alt="n=9" /></a>, we get <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=6e4931121ff4840b3b10b6cd3f1376b85498f3d1&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="3*840&#62;10^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/6/e/4/6e4931121ff4840b3b10b6cd3f1376b85498f3d1.gif" alt="3*840&#62;10^3" /></a> obviously true. For <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d289488ea8aa3c1c85ebf9f526cbd950bb2e850e&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=10" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/2/8/d289488ea8aa3c1c85ebf9f526cbd950bb2e850e.gif" alt="n=10" /></a>, we get <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=e044cecd7be2a8967a9411b32a4e404aa4407603&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="3*840&#62;11^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/e/0/4/e044cecd7be2a8967a9411b32a4e404aa4407603.gif" alt="3*840&#62;11^3" /></a> or <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=a77dfca874f16f4ff95f8150fb09e2ed6446b68c&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="2520&#62;1331" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/7/7/a77dfca874f16f4ff95f8150fb09e2ed6446b68c.gif" alt="2520&#62;1331" /></a> again true. For <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=fecd683f60be1709ecd8b50caebf3c5ab196f76d&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=11" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/f/e/c/fecd683f60be1709ecd8b50caebf3c5ab196f76d.gif" alt="n=11" /></a>, we get <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=c5db7366a2b79bf7c04fb811b13c540f08a721ef&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="2520*11&#62;12^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/c/5/d/c5db7366a2b79bf7c04fb811b13c540f08a721ef.gif" alt="2520*11&#62;12^3" /></a> or <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=5f7cda4f1d1ee0ae708258cbd05639f29fce5aaf&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="27720&#62;12^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/f/7/5f7cda4f1d1ee0ae708258cbd05639f29fce5aaf.gif" alt="27720&#62;12^3" /></a> which is obviously true along with <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=5057072656fa5434e9facd5769d95ac5d4a7ca84&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="27720&#62;13^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/0/5/5057072656fa5434e9facd5769d95ac5d4a7ca84.gif" alt="27720&#62;13^3" /></a> and <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=ca49e7ac49389bab6dd16a1afb24ea6ba4480ce4&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="27720&#62;14^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/c/a/4/ca49e7ac49389bab6dd16a1afb24ea6ba4480ce4.gif" alt="27720&#62;14^3" /></a> since <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=7d954ea8d34f0c3c006d7facec342ea77d0c9510&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="27720&#62;20^3=8000" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/7/d/9/7d954ea8d34f0c3c006d7facec342ea77d0c9510.gif" alt="27720&#62;20^3=8000" /></a>.</p>
<p>From here, remark that the maximum power of <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=17ba0791499db908433b80f37c5fbc89b870084b&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="11" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/1/7/b/17ba0791499db908433b80f37c5fbc89b870084b.gif" alt="11" /></a> less than <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=17ba0791499db908433b80f37c5fbc89b870084b&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="11" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/1/7/b/17ba0791499db908433b80f37c5fbc89b870084b.gif" alt="11" /></a> is at least <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=fa05052a7fbc2cc8193621d4cbb885bde20097d8&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n}{11}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/f/a/0/fa05052a7fbc2cc8193621d4cbb885bde20097d8.gif" alt="\frac{n}{11}" /></a> and for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=bd307a3ec329e10a2cff8fb87480823da114f8f4&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="13" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/d/3/bd307a3ec329e10a2cff8fb87480823da114f8f4.gif" alt="13" /></a> it is <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=2afbe46cd1b34cab8781a54b41c9c76fa99f3060&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n}{13}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/a/f/2afbe46cd1b34cab8781a54b41c9c76fa99f3060.gif" alt="\frac{n}{13}" /></a>. Therefore, since we are going to take the product of all of these different factors in the lcm, we are going to assume the minimal case and get <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=ca651061dbdef9d79b7b294347bf89b67e3147d4&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n^6}{2*3*5*7*11*13}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/c/a/6/ca651061dbdef9d79b7b294347bf89b67e3147d4.gif" alt="\frac{n^6}{2*3*5*7*11*13}" /></a> which we desire to have being greater than <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=b088534d7d258694de7666a4843e061cf3c2f3f3&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="(n+1)^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/0/8/b088534d7d258694de7666a4843e061cf3c2f3f3.gif" alt="(n+1)^3" /></a>. Taking the cube root of both sides, we get <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=147b5893d582912eca25f11836753b81fa8dffdb&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\frac{n^2}{32}&#62;(n+1)&#62;\frac{n^2}{31}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/1/4/7/147b5893d582912eca25f11836753b81fa8dffdb.gif" alt="\frac{n^2}{32}&#62;(n+1)&#62;\frac{n^2}{31}" /></a> or therefore <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=b8f3efd7be60ffc89511ec781b8fe14ec72c5481&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n\ge 33" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/8/f/b8f3efd7be60ffc89511ec781b8fe14ec72c5481.gif" alt="n\ge 33" /></a>. Therefore we need to prove that for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d6656054c8b717e26e2f75c09d4524b86c43ba39&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=14\to 32" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/6/6/d6656054c8b717e26e2f75c09d4524b86c43ba39.gif" alt="n=14\to 32" /></a>, we are going to have</p>
<p>Since we have at least <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=9fd0d854d6c5aa66b54bd64da5cfc06e1ceb3170&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, \cdots, n)=\text{lcm}(1,2,3,4,\cdots, 13)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/9/f/d/9fd0d854d6c5aa66b54bd64da5cfc06e1ceb3170.gif" alt="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, \cdots, n)=\text{lcm}(1,2,3,4,\cdots, 13)" /></a> which we desire to prove is greater than <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=b088534d7d258694de7666a4843e061cf3c2f3f3&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="(n+1)^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/b/0/8/b088534d7d258694de7666a4843e061cf3c2f3f3.gif" alt="(n+1)^3" /></a> for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=a9ad3ae02a8d6c4055e31a3c46a2c52b326e67e6&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=32" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/9/a/a9ad3ae02a8d6c4055e31a3c46a2c52b326e67e6.gif" alt="n=32" /></a> proving our maximum case and thus proving the cases for <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d6656054c8b717e26e2f75c09d4524b86c43ba39&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=14\to 32" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/6/6/d6656054c8b717e26e2f75c09d4524b86c43ba39.gif" alt="n=14\to 32" /></a> as well since we are only using <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=f2a973cad8b8bd39a60a4c246651e59ed41baddf&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="n=13" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/f/2/a/f2a973cad8b8bd39a60a4c246651e59ed41baddf.gif" alt="n=13" /></a> in our <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=546877de331dfea107163aa7105e86130c7f091c&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\text{lcm}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/4/6/546877de331dfea107163aa7105e86130c7f091c.gif" alt="\text{lcm}" /></a>. Note that <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=0ef58f0ff5bb4b4d4f78659335f5db621a582879&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, 4, \cdots, 13)\approx 71^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/0/e/f/0ef58f0ff5bb4b4d4f78659335f5db621a582879.gif" alt="\text{lcm}(1,2, 3, 4, \cdots, 13)\approx 71^3" /></a> therefore it is obviously greater than <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=42b3394f07fd2b47d03a422611e4d65267d88ed7&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="33^3" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/2/b/42b3394f07fd2b47d03a422611e4d65267d88ed7.gif" alt="33^3" /></a> and our proof is complete <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=4a4e9e431da45a27bc880a8a1ca44d8b1b9bc143&#38;sid=edd58af4787869bca7833f18e536f247"><img title="\blacksquare" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/a/4/4a4e9e431da45a27bc880a8a1ca44d8b1b9bc143.gif" alt="\blacksquare" /></a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[2001 APMO Problem 1]]></title>
<link>http://problemsforlunch.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/2001-apm-problem-1/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 03 May 2012 04:13:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Justin Stevens</dc:creator>
<guid>http://problemsforlunch.wordpress.com/2012/05/03/2001-apm-problem-1/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Problem For a positive integer  let  be the sum of digits in the decimal representation of . Any pos]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Problem</strong></p>
<p>For a positive integer <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a> let <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=9eb17393a869db5d4742eb839d8c3a94a3d0980a&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="S(n)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/9/e/b/9eb17393a869db5d4742eb839d8c3a94a3d0980a.gif" alt="S(n)" /></a> be the sum of digits in the decimal representation of <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a>. Any positive integer obtained by removing several (at least one) digits from the right-hand end of the decimal representation of <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a> is called a stump of <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a>. Let <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=6cb7431ebc9e208fbf732e7a8d2b61847f922259&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="T(n)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/6/c/b/6cb7431ebc9e208fbf732e7a8d2b61847f922259.gif" alt="T(n)" /></a> be the sum of all stumps of <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/d/1/8/d1854cae891ec7b29161ccaf79a24b00c274bdaa.gif" alt="n" /></a>. Prove that <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=39c98795eb547f4cc7961b42612f71a86dce3520&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n=S(n)+9T(n)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/3/9/c/39c98795eb547f4cc7961b42612f71a86dce3520.gif" alt="n=S(n)+9T(n)" /></a>.<br />
<strong>Solution</strong></p>
<div>Let <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=791915bf165c7680f827646af7d0c9a9c35014e7&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="n=10^na_n+10^{n-1}a_{n-1}+\cdots a_0=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(10^i*a_i)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/7/9/1/791915bf165c7680f827646af7d0c9a9c35014e7.gif" alt="n=10^na_n+10^{n-1}a_{n-1}+\cdots a_0=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(10^i*a_i)" /></a>.We therefore have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=5e6be15d187320464e5a8085b767ea70bf693489&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="T(n)=(10^{n-1}a_n+10^{n-2}a_{n-1}+\cdots 10a_2+a_1)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/e/6/5e6be15d187320464e5a8085b767ea70bf693489.gif" alt="T(n)=(10^{n-1}a_n+10^{n-2}a_{n-1}+\cdots 10a_2+a_1)" /></a> (removing one digit) <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=afa213b5ae62d154bc640352a4766ecc5381fe19&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\plus (10^{n-2}a_n+10^{n-3}a_{n-1}+\cdots 10a_3+a_2)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/a/f/a/afa213b5ae62d154bc640352a4766ecc5381fe19.gif" alt="\plus (10^{n-2}a_n+10^{n-3}a_{n-1}+\cdots 10a_3+a_2)" /></a> (removing two digits) <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=3149dce35951aaa9287d07b2f8c6b93565a82038&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\plus \cdots \plus" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/3/1/4/3149dce35951aaa9287d07b2f8c6b93565a82038.gif" alt="\plus \cdots \plus" /></a> <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=63622137609b1533f55e547b2fd9af04bce62c0b&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="(10a_n+a_{n-1})" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/6/3/6/63622137609b1533f55e547b2fd9af04bce62c0b.gif" alt="(10a_n+a_{n-1})" /></a>. This is the same thing as <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=4f3132f77773ce9924730d8ab48a2efb51e73a27&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="T(n)=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}(10^i)a_n+\sum_{i=0}^{n-2}(10^i)a_{n-1}+\cdots \sum_{i=0}^{1}(10^i)a_2+\sum_{i=0}^{0}(10^i)a_1" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/f/3/4f3132f77773ce9924730d8ab48a2efb51e73a27.gif" alt="T(n)=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}(10^i)a_n+\sum_{i=0}^{n-2}(10^i)a_{n-1}+\cdots \sum_{i=0}^{1}(10^i)a_2+\sum_{i=0}^{0}(10^i)a_1" /></a>. This is the same thing as <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=462cb9f70d36f18bb91e380df7d63ac479fde5e7&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\sum_{i=1}^{n}( \sum_{j=0}^{i-1}(10^j)*a_{i})" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/6/2/462cb9f70d36f18bb91e380df7d63ac479fde5e7.gif" alt="\sum_{i=1}^{n}( \sum_{j=0}^{i-1}(10^j)*a_{i})" /></a>.Note that <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=14bbfa11eeaa776871062bd247b24fab8b34db34&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\sum_{j=0}^{i-1}(10^j)=\frac{1(10^i-1)}{9}" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/1/4/b/14bbfa11eeaa776871062bd247b24fab8b34db34.gif" alt="\sum_{j=0}^{i-1}(10^j)=\frac{1(10^i-1)}{9}" /></a> therefore we get <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=2acfb096f0e1f2746c065bc352314824194b5025&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="T(n)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{10^i-1}{9}a_i)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/2/a/c/2acfb096f0e1f2746c065bc352314824194b5025.gif" alt="T(n)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{10^i-1}{9}a_i)" /></a>.<br />
We also obviously have <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=51266a24aea852d13c8f58d34335a2a7830bb73c&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="S(n)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(a_i)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/5/1/2/51266a24aea852d13c8f58d34335a2a7830bb73c.gif" alt="S(n)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(a_i)" /></a>. We desire <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=741289c8c608ad53e62884fc6b1e7b112f32a1df&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="S(n)+9T(n)=n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/7/4/1/741289c8c608ad53e62884fc6b1e7b112f32a1df.gif" alt="S(n)+9T(n)=n" /></a>. If this is true, then we need <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=7bfed3a26d57dd02d83bc1c5074545c6c2687967&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\sum_{i=0}^{n}(a_i)+9*\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{10^i-1}{9}a_i)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(10^i*a_i)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/7/b/f/7bfed3a26d57dd02d83bc1c5074545c6c2687967.gif" alt="\sum_{i=0}^{n}(a_i)+9*\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{10^i-1}{9}a_i)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(10^i*a_i)" /></a>. Note that <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=08ed752c4024d75285bb5687b0ac756cc498ad88&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="9*\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{10^i-1}{9}a_i)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}((10^i-1)*a_i)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/0/8/e/08ed752c4024d75285bb5687b0ac756cc498ad88.gif" alt="9*\sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{10^i-1}{9}a_i)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}((10^i-1)*a_i)" /></a>. Adding <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=02b48b075476fa5bbc4cd4089b910bb5f07de6c4&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\sum_{i=0}^{n}(a_i)" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/0/2/b/02b48b075476fa5bbc4cd4089b910bb5f07de6c4.gif" alt="\sum_{i=0}^{n}(a_i)" /></a> gives us <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=c56429cd34ce8bb0c7e3024860827a39279ec4fb&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="S(n)+9T(n)=a_0+\sum_{i=1}^{n}(10^i*a_i)=10^0*a_0+\sum_{i=1}^{n}(10^i*a_i)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(10^i*a_i)=n" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/c/5/6/c56429cd34ce8bb0c7e3024860827a39279ec4fb.gif" alt="S(n)+9T(n)=a_0+\sum_{i=1}^{n}(10^i*a_i)=10^0*a_0+\sum_{i=1}^{n}(10^i*a_i)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}(10^i*a_i)=n" /></a>as desired <a href="http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/code.php?hash=4a4e9e431da45a27bc880a8a1ca44d8b1b9bc143&#38;sid=7837842dbe4c7c902ec3c444825b8a8e"><img title="\blacksquare" src="http://data.artofproblemsolving.com/images/latex/4/a/4/4a4e9e431da45a27bc880a8a1ca44d8b1b9bc143.gif" alt="\blacksquare" /></a>.</div>
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<title><![CDATA[567 Nice And Hard Inequalities]]></title>
<link>http://cambodiamathermaticsolympiadgroup.wordpress.com/2011/12/18/567-nice-and-hard-inequalities/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 18 Dec 2011 17:51:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Cambodia Mathematics Olympiad Group</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cambodiamathermaticsolympiadgroup.wordpress.com/2011/12/18/567-nice-and-hard-inequalities/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[567-Nice-And-Hard-Inequalities-Chhunly]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://cambodiamathermaticsolympiadgroup.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/567-nice-and-hard-inequalities-chhunly2.pdf">567-Nice-And-Hard-Inequalities-Chhunly</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[2010 APMO]]></title>
<link>http://quadue.wordpress.com/2010/08/19/2010-apmo/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Aug 2010 10:41:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>quadue</dc:creator>
<guid>http://quadue.wordpress.com/2010/08/19/2010-apmo/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[올해 열렸던 APMO (아시아 태평양 수학 올림피아드) 문제. 5시간 4문제. 1. 삼각형 에서 이다. 이 삼각형의 외심을 라 하고 삼각형 의 외접원을 라 하자. 가 선분 와 에서]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[올해 열렸던 APMO (아시아 태평양 수학 올림피아드) 문제. 5시간 4문제. 1. 삼각형 에서 이다. 이 삼각형의 외심을 라 하고 삼각형 의 외접원을 라 하자. 가 선분 와 에서]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[APMO 1992 #5]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/apmo-1992-5/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 13:47:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/apmo-1992-5/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[5. Carilah barisan bilangan bulat tak nol sepanjang mungkin di mana jumlah setiap tujuh suku berurut]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>5. Carilah barisan bilangan bulat tak nol sepanjang mungkin di mana jumlah setiap tujuh suku berurutan positif dan jumlah sebelas suku berurutan negatif.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Jika ada 17 suku, maka</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a_1%2Ba_2%2B%5Cldots%2Ba_%7B11%7D%29%2B%28a_2%2Ba_3%2B%5Cldots%2Ba_%7B12%7D%29%2B%5Cldots%2B%28a_7%2Ba_8%2B%5Cldots%2Ba_%7B17%7D%29%3D%28a_1%2Ba_2%2B%5Cldots%2Ba_7%29%2B%28a_2%2Ba_3%2B%5Cldots%2Ba_7%29%2B%5Cldots%2B%28a_%7B11%7D%2Ba_%7B12%7D%2B%5Cldots%2Ba_%7B17%7D%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='(a_1+a_2+&#92;ldots+a_{11})+(a_2+a_3+&#92;ldots+a_{12})+&#92;ldots+(a_7+a_8+&#92;ldots+a_{17})=(a_1+a_2+&#92;ldots+a_7)+(a_2+a_3+&#92;ldots+a_7)+&#92;ldots+(a_{11}+a_{12}+&#92;ldots+a_{17})' title='(a_1+a_2+&#92;ldots+a_{11})+(a_2+a_3+&#92;ldots+a_{12})+&#92;ldots+(a_7+a_8+&#92;ldots+a_{17})=(a_1+a_2+&#92;ldots+a_7)+(a_2+a_3+&#92;ldots+a_7)+&#92;ldots+(a_{11}+a_{12}+&#92;ldots+a_{17})' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Ruas kiri negatif sedangkan ruas kanan positif, kontradiksi. Jadi barisan itu maksimal punya 16 suku, contohnya -5,-5,13,-5,-5,-5,13,-5,-5,13,-5,-5,-5,13,-5,-5.</p>
<p>Catatan: Soal ini hampir sama persis dengan soal IMO 1977.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[APMO 1992 #2]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/apmo-1992-2/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 13:43:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/apmo-1992-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[2. Diberikan lingkaran dengan pusat berturut-turut. Lingkaran menyinggung di dalamnya, dan menyinggu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2. Diberikan lingkaran <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C%2CC_1%2CC_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C,C_1,C_2' title='C,C_1,C_2' class='latex' /> dengan pusat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=O%2CO_1%2CO_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='O,O_1,O_2' title='O,O_1,O_2' class='latex' /> berturut-turut. Lingkaran <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_1%2CC_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_1,C_2' title='C_1,C_2' class='latex' /> menyinggung <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C' title='C' class='latex' /> di dalamnya, dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_1' title='C_1' class='latex' /> menyinggung <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_2' title='C_2' class='latex' /> di luar. Misalkan titik singgung <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C' title='C' class='latex' /> dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_1%2CC_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_1,C_2' title='C_1,C_2' class='latex' /> adalah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1%2CA_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1,A_2' title='A_1,A_2' class='latex' />, dan misalkan titik singgung <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_1%2CC_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_1,C_2' title='C_1,C_2' class='latex' /> adalah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' />. Buktikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1O_2%2CA_2O_1%2CAO&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1O_2,A_2O_1,AO' title='A_1O_2,A_2O_1,AO' class='latex' /> berpotongan di satu titik.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Mudah dilihat bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1O_1%2CA_2O_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1O_1,A_2O_2' title='A_1O_1,A_2O_2' class='latex' /> melalui titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='O' title='O' class='latex' />. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7BOA_1%7D%7BA_1O_1%7D%5Cfrac%7BO_1A%7D%7BAO_2%7D%5Cfrac%7BO_2A_2%7D%7BA_2O%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BOA_1%7D%7BA_2O%7D%5Cfrac%7BO_1A%7D%7BA_1O_1%7D%5Cfrac%7BO_2A_2%7D%7BAO_2%7D%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{OA_1}{A_1O_1}&#92;frac{O_1A}{AO_2}&#92;frac{O_2A_2}{A_2O}=&#92;frac{OA_1}{A_2O}&#92;frac{O_1A}{A_1O_1}&#92;frac{O_2A_2}{AO_2}=1' title='&#92;frac{OA_1}{A_1O_1}&#92;frac{O_1A}{AO_2}&#92;frac{O_2A_2}{A_2O}=&#92;frac{OA_1}{A_2O}&#92;frac{O_1A}{A_1O_1}&#92;frac{O_2A_2}{AO_2}=1' class='latex' />. Jadi menurut teorema Ceva, terbukti.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[APMO 1992 #1]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/apmo-1992-1/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 13:42:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/apmo-1992-1/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1. Diberikan sebuah segitiga dengan panjang sisi . Misalkan adalah setengah keliling. Buat segitiga]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Diberikan sebuah segitiga dengan panjang sisi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Cb%2Cc&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='a,b,c' title='a,b,c' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=s&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='s' title='s' class='latex' /> adalah setengah keliling. Buat segitiga dengan panjang sisi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=s-a%2Cs-b%2Cs-c&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='s-a,s-b,s-c' title='s-a,s-b,s-c' class='latex' />. Proses ini dilakukan berulang-ulang sampai segitiga tidak bisa dibuat lagi. Tentukan segitiga awal agar proses ini bisa dilakukan berulang-ulang sampai tak terhingga banyaknya.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=s-a%2Bs-b%2Bs-c%3Ds&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='s-a+s-b+s-c=s' title='s-a+s-b+s-c=s' class='latex' />, sehingga keliling segitiga baru adalah setengah dari keliling sebelumnya. Perhatikan juga bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28s-a%29-%28s-b%29%3Db-a&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='(s-a)-(s-b)=b-a' title='(s-a)-(s-b)=b-a' class='latex' />. Maka selisih dari panjang sisi-sisinya selalu tetap. Jika segitiga itu tidak sama sisi, maka selisih panjangnya suatu saat akan lebih besar dari kelilingnya, yang jelas tidak mungkin, sehingga proses ini akan berhenti. Jika segitiga awal sama sisi, maka jelas bahwa proses ini dapat berulang terus. Jadi jawabannya adalah segitiga sama sisi.</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[APMO 1991 #5]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/05/apmo-1991-5/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2009 14:59:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/05/apmo-1991-5/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[5. Diberikan dua lingkaran bersinggungan dan titik pada garis singgung persekutuannya yang tegak lur]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>5. Diberikan dua lingkaran bersinggungan dan titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> pada garis singgung persekutuannya yang tegak lurus terhadap garis yang menghubungkan titik-titik pusatnya. Konstruksikan dengan penggaris dan jangka semua lingkaran yang menyinggung kedua lingkaran ini dan melalui titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Mudah dilihat bahwa ada dua lingkaran yang perlu dibuat. Misalkan lingkaran itu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C%2CC%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C,C&#039;' title='C,C&#039;' class='latex' /> yang bersinggung di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' />. Misalkan juga ada garis singgung persekutuan luar yang menyinggung kedua lingkaran di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=Q%2CQ%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='Q,Q&#039;' title='Q,Q&#039;' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AQ%2CAQ%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='AQ,AQ&#039;' title='AQ,AQ&#039;' class='latex' /> memotong lingkarannya di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=P%2CP%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='P,P&#039;' title='P,P&#039;' class='latex' /> berturut-turut. Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=OP%2COP%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='OP,OP&#039;' title='OP,OP&#039;' class='latex' /> berpotongan di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=X&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='X' title='X' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=X&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='X' title='X' class='latex' /> adalah pusat lingkaran yang diinginkan. Karena ada dua garis singgung persekutuan luar, maka kita dapat dua lingkaran. Sekarang kita akan buktikan bahwa konstruksi ini berlaku. Inversikan terhadap lingkaran berpusat di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> melalui <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C%2CC%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C,C&#039;' title='C,C&#039;' class='latex' /> tidak berubah setelah inversi. Garis singgung persekutuannya menjadi lingkaran yang melalui <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> dan menyinggung <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C%2CC%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C,C&#039;' title='C,C&#039;' class='latex' />. Titik singgungnya pasti <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=P%2CP%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='P,P&#039;' title='P,P&#039;' class='latex' />. Maka kita selesai.</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[APMO 1991 #2]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/05/apmo-1991-2/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2009 14:56:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/05/apmo-1991-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[2. Ada 997 titik pada bidang. Setiap dua titik dihubungkan dengan ruas garis yang titik tengahnya di]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2. Ada 997 titik pada bidang. Setiap dua titik dihubungkan dengan ruas garis yang titik tengahnya diberi warna merah. Buktikan bahwa ada minimal 1991 titik merah yang berbeda pada bidang. Apakah ada kasus khusus dengan tepat 1991 titik merah?</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_i%2CA_j&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_i,A_j' title='A_i,A_j' class='latex' /> adalah titik yang jaraknya terjauh. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_1%2CA_iA_2%2C%5Cldots%2CA_i%2CA_%7B997%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_1,A_iA_2,&#92;ldots,A_i,A_{997}' title='A_iA_1,A_iA_2,&#92;ldots,A_i,A_{997}' class='latex' /> memberikan 995 titik yang berbeda, dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_jA_1%2CA_jA_2%2C%5Cldots%2CA_jA_%7B997%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_jA_1,A_jA_2,&#92;ldots,A_jA_{997}' title='A_jA_1,A_jA_2,&#92;ldots,A_jA_{997}' class='latex' /> memberikan 995 titik yang berbeda lagi. Jika terdapat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_x%2CA_jA_y&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_x,A_jA_y' title='A_iA_x,A_jA_y' class='latex' /> yang titik tengahnya sama, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_jA_xA_y&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_jA_xA_y' title='A_iA_jA_xA_y' class='latex' /> membentuk jajar genjang, sehingga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_j&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_j' title='A_iA_j' class='latex' /> lebih kecil dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_x&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_x' title='A_iA_x' class='latex' /> atau <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_jA_y&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_jA_y' title='A_jA_y' class='latex' />, kontradiksi dengan asumsi bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_j&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_j' title='A_iA_j' class='latex' /> adalah ruas terpanjang. Jadi kita sudah punya <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%5Ccdot+995%3D1990&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='2&#92;cdot 995=1990' title='2&#92;cdot 995=1990' class='latex' /> titik merah. Ditambah titik tengah dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_j&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_j' title='A_iA_j' class='latex' />, kita dapat 1991 titik merah. Kasus khusus dengan tepat 1991 titik merah didapat ketika 997 titik tersebut berada pada satu garis.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[APMO 1990 #2]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/03/apmo-1990-2/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2009 14:32:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/05/03/apmo-1990-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[2. Misalkan adalah bilangan real positif dan misalkan adalah jumlah dari hasil kali semua kombinasi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a_1%2Ca_2%2C%5Cldots%2Ca_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='a_1,a_2,&#92;ldots,a_n' title='a_1,a_2,&#92;ldots,a_n' class='latex' /> adalah bilangan real positif dan misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_k&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='S_k' title='S_k' class='latex' /> adalah jumlah dari hasil kali semua kombinasi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='k' title='k' class='latex' /> elemen dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a_1%2Ca_2%2C%5Cldots%2Ca_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='a_1,a_2,&#92;ldots,a_n' title='a_1,a_2,&#92;ldots,a_n' class='latex' /> (contohnya jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='n=3' title='n=3' class='latex' /> maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_1%3Da_1%2Ba_2%2Ba_3%2CS_2%3Da_1a_2%2Ba_2a_3%2Ba_3a_1%2CS_3%3Da_1a_2a_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='S_1=a_1+a_2+a_3,S_2=a_1a_2+a_2a_3+a_3a_1,S_3=a_1a_2a_3' title='S_1=a_1+a_2+a_3,S_2=a_1a_2+a_2a_3+a_3a_1,S_3=a_1a_2a_3' class='latex' />). Tunjukkan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_kS_%7Bn-k%7D%5Cge%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bk%7D%5E2a_1a_2%5Ccdots+a_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='S_kS_{n-k}&#92;ge&#92;binom{n}{k}^2a_1a_2&#92;cdots a_n' title='S_kS_{n-k}&#92;ge&#92;binom{n}{k}^2a_1a_2&#92;cdots a_n' class='latex' /> untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k%3D1%2C2%2C%5Cldots%2Cn-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='k=1,2,&#92;ldots,n-1' title='k=1,2,&#92;ldots,n-1' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Dengan AM-GM,</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_k%3D%5Csum_%7Bi_1%26%2360%3B%5Ccdots%26%2360%3Bi_k%7Da_%7Bi_1%7D%5Ccdots+a_%7Bi_2%7D%5Cge%5Cbinom%7Bn%7Dk%5Csqrt%5B%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bk%7D%5D%7B%5Cprod_%7Bi_1%26%2360%3B%5Ccdots%26%2360%3Bi_k%7Da_%7Bi_1%7D%5Ccdots+a_%7Bi_2%7D%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='S_k=&#92;sum_{i_1&lt;&#92;cdots&lt;i_k}a_{i_1}&#92;cdots a_{i_2}&#92;ge&#92;binom{n}k&#92;sqrt[&#92;binom{n}{k}]{&#92;prod_{i_1&lt;&#92;cdots&lt;i_k}a_{i_1}&#92;cdots a_{i_2}}' title='S_k=&#92;sum_{i_1&lt;&#92;cdots&lt;i_k}a_{i_1}&#92;cdots a_{i_2}&#92;ge&#92;binom{n}k&#92;sqrt[&#92;binom{n}{k}]{&#92;prod_{i_1&lt;&#92;cdots&lt;i_k}a_{i_1}&#92;cdots a_{i_2}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Perhatikan juga ruas kanan simetris dan derajatnya pasti <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='k' title='k' class='latex' />. Maka nilainya adalah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bk%7D%28a_1a_2%5Cldots+a_n%29%5E%7Bk%2Fn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;binom{n}{k}(a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n)^{k/n}' title='&#92;binom{n}{k}(a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n)^{k/n}' class='latex' />. Dengan cara serupa, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_%7Bn-k%7D%3D%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bn-k%7D%28a_1a_2%5Cldots+a_n%29%5E%7B%28n-k%29%2Fn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='S_{n-k}=&#92;binom{n}{n-k}(a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n)^{(n-k)/n}' title='S_{n-k}=&#92;binom{n}{n-k}(a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n)^{(n-k)/n}' class='latex' />. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_kS_%7Bn-k%7D%3D%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bk%7D%5E2a_1a_2%5Cldots+a_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='S_kS_{n-k}=&#92;binom{n}{k}^2a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n' title='S_kS_{n-k}=&#92;binom{n}{k}^2a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n' class='latex' />.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[APMO 1989 #3]]></title>
<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/apmo-1989-3/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 11:47:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/apmo-1989-3/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[3. Misalkan adalah titik pada bidang, dan misalkan . Untuk , misalkan adalah titik tengah , adalah t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>3. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1%2CA_2%2CA_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1,A_2,A_3' title='A_1,A_2,A_3' class='latex' /> adalah titik pada bidang, dan misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_4%3DA_1%2CA_5%3DA_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_4=A_1,A_5=A_2' title='A_4=A_1,A_5=A_2' class='latex' />. Untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D1%2C2%2C3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='n=1,2,3' title='n=1,2,3' class='latex' />, misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='B_n' title='B_n' class='latex' /> adalah titik tengah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_nA_%7Bn%2B1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_nA_{n+1}' title='A_nA_{n+1}' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_n' title='C_n' class='latex' /> adalah titik tengah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_nB_%7Bn%2B1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_nB_{n+1}' title='A_nB_{n+1}' class='latex' />. Anggaplah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_nC_%7Bn%2B1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_nC_{n+1}' title='A_nC_{n+1}' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_nA_%7Bn%2B2%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='B_nA_{n+2}' title='B_nA_{n+2}' class='latex' /> bertemu di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=D_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='D_n' title='D_n' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_nB_%7Bn%2B1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_nB_{n+1}' title='A_nB_{n+1}' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C_nA_%7Bn%2B2%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='C_nA_{n+2}' title='C_nA_{n+2}' class='latex' /> bertemu di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=E_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='E_n' title='E_n' class='latex' />. Hitunglah rasio dari luas <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=D_1D_2D_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='D_1D_2D_3' title='D_1D_2D_3' class='latex' /> terhadap luas <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=E_1E_2E_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='E_1E_2E_3' title='E_1E_2E_3' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=G&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='G' title='G' class='latex' /> adalah titik berat segitiga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1A_2A_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1A_2A_3' title='A_1A_2A_3' class='latex' />. Dengan Teorema Menelaus, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7BA_1E_1%7D%7BE_1G%7D%5Ccdot%5Cfrac%7BGA_3%7D%7BA_3B_1%7D%5Ccdot%5Cfrac%7BB_1C_1%7D%7BC_1A_1%7D%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{A_1E_1}{E_1G}&#92;cdot&#92;frac{GA_3}{A_3B_1}&#92;cdot&#92;frac{B_1C_1}{C_1A_1}=1' title='&#92;frac{A_1E_1}{E_1G}&#92;cdot&#92;frac{GA_3}{A_3B_1}&#92;cdot&#92;frac{B_1C_1}{C_1A_1}=1' class='latex' />. Karena <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_1C_1%3DC_1A_1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='B_1C_1=C_1A_1' title='B_1C_1=C_1A_1' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=GA_3%3D%5Cfrac23+A_3B_1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='GA_3=&#92;frac23 A_3B_1' title='GA_3=&#92;frac23 A_3B_1' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7BA_1E_1%7D%7BE_1G%7D%3D%5Cfrac32&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{A_1E_1}{E_1G}=&#92;frac32' title='&#92;frac{A_1E_1}{E_1G}=&#92;frac32' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=E_1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='E_1' title='E_1' class='latex' /> membagi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1G&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1G' title='A_1G' class='latex' /> dalam perbandingan 3:2, dan dengan cara serupa kita dapat bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=E_2%2CE_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='E_2,E_3' title='E_2,E_3' class='latex' /> membagi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_2G%2CA_3G&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_2G,A_3G' title='A_2G,A_3G' class='latex' /> dalam perbandingan yang sama. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7BE_1G%7D%7BA_1G%7D%3D%5Cfrac25&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{E_1G}{A_1G}=&#92;frac25' title='&#92;frac{E_1G}{A_1G}=&#92;frac25' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=E_1E_2E_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='E_1E_2E_3' title='E_1E_2E_3' class='latex' /> sebangun dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1A_2A_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1A_2A_3' title='A_1A_2A_3' class='latex' /> dalam perbandingan sisi-sisinya 2:5.</p>
<p>Dengan cara yang serupa, kita tahu bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=D_1D_2D_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='D_1D_2D_3' title='D_1D_2D_3' class='latex' /> sebangun dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_1B_2B_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='B_1B_2B_3' title='B_1B_2B_3' class='latex' /> dengan perbandingan 4:7, sehingga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=D_1D_2D_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='D_1D_2D_3' title='D_1D_2D_3' class='latex' /> sebangun dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1A_2A_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='A_1A_2A_3' title='A_1A_2A_3' class='latex' /> dan perbandingannya 2:7.</p>
<p>Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=D_1D_2D_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='D_1D_2D_3' title='D_1D_2D_3' class='latex' /> sebangun dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=E_1E_2E_3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='E_1E_2E_3' title='E_1E_2E_3' class='latex' /> dalam perbandingan 5:7, dan perbandingan luasnya adalah 25:49. Jadi jawabannya adalah 25/49.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[&gt;Tobit James Narciso - Bronze Medalist -APMO 2008]]></title>
<link>http://pinoysamutsari.wordpress.com/2008/07/13/tobit-james-narciso-bronze-medalist-apmo-2008/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 09:23:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Pons</dc:creator>
<guid>http://pinoysamutsari.wordpress.com/2008/07/13/tobit-james-narciso-bronze-medalist-apmo-2008/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&gt; From Positive News MediaInspirational PhiSci wiz wins bronze in 20th Asian-Pacific Math Olympia]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#62;<a href="http://pinoysamutsari.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/tobit.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://pinoysamutsari.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/tobit.jpg?w=300" border="0" /></a>
<div>From Positive News Media<br />Inspirational</div>
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<div></div>
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<div>PhiSci wiz wins bronze in 20th Asian-Pacific Math OlympiadBy Jun 8, 2008 &#8211; 5:28:41 AM<br />MANILA, June 10 (PNA) &#8212; Filipino prowess in mathematics shone in the recent conclusion of the 20th Asian-Pacific Mathematical Olympiad (APMO) with a student from the Philippine Science High School (PSHS) winning bronze in the event. </div>
<p>
<div>Tobit James Narciso, a graduate of PSHS-Diliman Campus, won bronze after garnering 9 points in total scores held last March 11 at the Ateneo de Manila University. </div>
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<div>A student is awarded a bronze medal once he or she garners more than seven points, a silver medal for scores above 12 points and a gold medal for scores higher than 17 points. Total number of points is 35. </div>
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<div>Narciso bested nine other high school students in the Philippines coming from different schools in the country. </div>
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<div>The APMO started in 1989 which aims to discover, encourage and challenge mathematically-gifted school students in all Pacific Rim countries. It also intends to foster friendly international relations and cooperation between students and teachers in the Pacific-Rim Region, create an opportunity for the exchange of information on school syllabi and practice throughout the Pacific Region, and encourage and support mathematical involvement with Olympiad type activities, not only in the APMO participating countries, but also in other Pacific-Rim countries. </div>
<p>
<div>Participants in the APMO are given a four-hour paper consisting of five questions of varying difficulty and each having a maximum score of 7 points. The contest questions are collected from the contestants at the end of the APMO and are to be kept confidential until the Senior Coordinating Country posts them on the official APMO website. All contestants are not allowed to discuss the problems over the internet until the date that the results are posted. </div>
<p>
<div>This year&#8217;s APMO appeared to be difficult with very low medal turnout: 17 for gold, 12 for silver, and 7 for bronze, with one bronze going to the Philippines. Overall, the Philippines ranked 17th among the 28 participating countries, garnering a total score of 42 and only one bronze medal, besting neighbors Indonesia, Cambodia, and Bangladesh. South Korea topped the list of countries participating in the APMO, followed by Japan, USA, Taiwan and Russia. </div>
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<div>Dr. Ester B. Ogena, Director of the Science Education Institute, expressed her praise to Narciso as she challenged other high school students to step up for the country by excelling in mathematics. </div>
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<div>&#8220;Mathematics need not be a difficult subject given the substantial training and knowledge from grade school to secondary level&#8221;, she said. </div>
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<div>Ogena said excellence in mathematics, as well as in science, should translate into careers in science, technology and engineering that could help catapult the Philippines to becoming a developed country. </div>
<p>
<div>&#8220;I urge our dear students to put into good use the foundation they get in joining this kind of competition by taking up science-related courses. We need you to help us pursue our development goals through research and development geared towards building our capacity to innovate our industries and improve our economy&#8221;, she said. (PNA) </div>
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