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	<title>barthes &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/barthes/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "barthes"</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 19:13:18 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[QUEL LAMPO CHE FLUTTUA NELLE IMMAGINI SCIOCCANTI. CENSURA E AUTOCENSURA NELL'ARTE.]]></title>
<link>http://artmasko.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/quel-lampo-che-fluttua-nelle-immagini-scioccanti-censura-e-autocensura-nellarte/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 09:56:04 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mariscot</dc:creator>
<guid>http://artmasko.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/quel-lampo-che-fluttua-nelle-immagini-scioccanti-censura-e-autocensura-nellarte/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[L&#8217;articolo apparso ieri su Ilsole24ore dal titolo &#8220;Emmanuelle Riva: Hiroshima mon amour ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">L&#8217;articolo apparso ieri su Ilsole24ore dal titolo &#8220;<em>Emmanuelle Riva: Hiroshima mon amour l&#8217;irrappresentabile cinquant&#8217;anni dopo</em>&#8221; mi sembra un buon incipit per riflettere sui limiti dell&#8217;espressione anche nelle arti grafiche. L&#8217;ormai anziana Emmanuelle Riva intervistata sull&#8217;attualità del film di Resnais e sull&#8217;esistenza di una censura o di un&#8217;autocensura nel cinema così risponde: &#8220;<em>E allora mi chiedo a mia volta: qual è il confine tra certe foto di cronaca, talmente belle e forti, da rasentare l&#8217;arte, e l&#8217;arte stessa? Io credo che l&#8217;arte debba mantenere una certa elevatezza di intenti. Oggi mi chiedo se esista ancora una vera e propria censura nel mondo occidentale, in cui tutto appare così libero</em>.&#8221;. <!--more-->Esistono allora questi limiti? Un limite morale tale da richiedere una censura e/o uno di natura formale che comporta un&#8217;autocensura di fronte all&#8217;inesprimibile? Il pensiero corre subito alla famosa serie di Andy Warhol &#8220;Death and disaster&#8221; con la quale il trauma di immagini scioccanti (incidenti stradali, sedia elettrica, il cane-poliziotto che aggredisce un manifestante di colore) si coniuga con la ripetizione. L&#8217;incubo della morte anestetizzato dai media attraverso l&#8217;iterazione seriale fino allo svuotamento di contenuto e all&#8217;indifferenza, è proprio l&#8217;elemento centrale della serie di Warhol. L&#8217;osservatore è chiamato prima alla scoperta della morte, poi a difendersi dal trauma visivo e infine a fare i conti con la crudele moltiplicazione che ne nullifica la portata trasformando l&#8217;immagine in pura superficie.</p>
<div id="attachment_219" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 184px"><a href="http://artmasko.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/warhol-white-burning-car-twice.jpg" target="_blank"><img class="size-medium wp-image-219 " title="Warhol white burning car twice" src="http://artmasko.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/warhol-white-burning-car-twice.jpg?w=174" alt="" width="174" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Deattaglio da Andy Warhol, &#34;White burnin car twice&#34;, serigrafia su tela.</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Una delle immagini più disturbanti di Warhol è &#8220;White burning car twice&#8221; del 1963. La foto originale fu scattata dal fotografo John Whitehead e pubblicata sulla rivista Newsweek il 3 giugno 1963. L&#8217;immagine era stata inserita in modo apparentemente casuale in un articolo sull&#8217;integrazione razziale. La didascalia della foto era: &#8220;<em>Fine dell&#8217;inseguimento: inseguito da un poliziotto che stava investigando su un incidente stradale provocato da un pirata della strada, il commerciante di pesce J. Hubbard ha percorso a folle velocità (60 mph) una strada di Seattle, si è cappottato ed ha infine urtato contro un palo. L&#8217;impatto ha scaraventato l&#8217;uomo fuori dall&#8217;abitacolo, poriettandolo sui ferri di salita del palo. L&#8217;uomo è deceduto 35 minuti dopo in ospedale</em>.&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ciò che più ferisce, non appena l&#8217;occhio ha vagato nell&#8217;immagine e nella mente si è formata un&#8217;idea chiara dell&#8217;evento, è l&#8217;indifferenza del passante nonostante la sua apparente vicinanza con la vittima. Questa sensazione acuta e toccante venne definita da Roland Barthes &#8220;punctum&#8221;: &#8220;<em>É quello che aggiungo nella foto e che tuttavia è già nella foto, [....] è acuto e soffocato, grida nel silenzio. Bizzarra contraddizione: esso è un lampo che fluttua</em>.&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> Le immagini di Warhol appaiono, più che la rivendicazione di una libertà totale dell&#8217;arte, una reazione alla apparente libertà della civiltà occidentale in cui tutto può essere visto, stampato e riprodotto, ma che di fatto censura la morte individuale o collettiva, lenta o istantanea, annegandola in un&#8217;infinita assenza di significato.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/QPBbS87znFg&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/QPBbS87znFg&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Link dell&#8217;articolo de IlSole24ore <a href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/SoleOnLine4/Tempo%20libero%20e%20Cultura/2009/11/emmanuelle-riva-hiroshim-mon-amour.shtml?uuid=431a26be-d2ba-11de-8f9f-35464fef2c65&#38;DocRulesView=Libero">emmanuelle-riva-hiroshim-mon-amour.shtml?uuid=431a26be-d2ba-11de-8f9f-35464fef2c65&#38;DocRulesView=Libero</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Roland Barthes - The Text]]></title>
<link>http://artiststalk.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/roland-barthes-the-text/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:34:14 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jcrucil</dc:creator>
<guid>http://artiststalk.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/roland-barthes-the-text/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Roland Barthes &#8220;From Work to Text&#8221; is an illustrated slide-show which simply recaps seve]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Roland Barthes &#8220;From Work to Text&#8221; is an illustrated slide-show which simply recaps seven propositions of Barthes&#8217; Theory.</p>
<p><a href="http://homepage.newschool.edu/~quigleyt/vcs/barthes-wt.html" target="_blank">http://homepage.newschool.edu/~quigleyt/vcs/barthes-wt.html</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Yann Barthès sur La Main de HENRY / FRANCE IRLANDE]]></title>
<link>http://citron007.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/yann-barthes-sur-la-main-de-henry-france-irlande/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:29:11 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>citron007</dc:creator>
<guid>http://citron007.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/yann-barthes-sur-la-main-de-henry-france-irlande/</guid>
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<title><![CDATA[Sante e infermiere]]></title>
<link>http://desiderioefilosofia.com/2009/11/19/sante-e-infermiere/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 18:47:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>luciano de fiore</dc:creator>
<guid>http://desiderioefilosofia.com/2009/11/19/sante-e-infermiere/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Francesco Guarino, Sant&#39;Agata, Museo di Capodimonte Nell’analisi di Nancy ciò è evidente perfino]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_174" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 290px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-174" href="http://desiderioefilosofia.com/2009/11/19/sante-e-infermiere/santagata-francesco-guarino/"><img class="size-full wp-image-174" title="sant'agata-Francesco Guarino" src="http://desiderioefilosofia.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/santagata-francesco-guarino.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="302" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Francesco Guarino, Sant&#39;Agata, Museo di Capodimonte</p></div>
<p>Nell’analisi di Nancy ciò è evidente perfino dal mito di <strong>Sant’Agata</strong>. Che è meglio detto dalla tela di Francesco Guarino che non da quella, per esempio, di Francisco de Zurbarán . La Santa patrona di Catania, martire, era vissuta nel III secolo. Torturata, subì l’amputazione delle mammelle. Ma non morì. La leggenda vuole che san Pietro, apparsole in sogno, le guarisse le ferite. Fatto sta che Quinziano, il proconsole di Catania, per ucciderla dovette bruciarla sul rogo.  L’iconografia classica la mostra nell’atto di mostrare le mammelle recise su di un piatto. Con il che, del seno non vi è più traccia. Al contrario, il quadro di Capidimonte di Francesco Guarino (nato tra l’altro a Sant’Agata, un destino), come anche la grande pittura di Tiepolo, restituiscono il mistero e l’assenza: «La Sant’Agata di Francesco Guarino non mostra i seni. Preme sul petto un panno insanguinato, che tiene come farebbe con il seno – in quel gesto sempre ripetuto dalla pittura e dalla scultura: la donna che copre i seni con le mani, li mostra mentre li nasconde, li sostiene, li protegge, li offre, mentre tutto il corpo sembra partecipare al ricurva mento e alla ripiegatura del seno. Ella mi guarda in un modo che mi turba: mi invita a rendermi conto che i seni sono là, proprio nel torso straziato, proprio nella traccia del sangue, inviolabili, inalterabili […]. Con la punta delle dita affondate nella stoffa, mi tocca e m’invita a toccare quella nascita dei seni che il supplizio non è stato capace di sopprimere (che nessuna ferita, che nessun cancro può sopprimere): anzi, l’ha rivelata» .</p>
<p><a rel="attachment wp-att-175" href="http://desiderioefilosofia.com/2009/11/19/sante-e-infermiere/3325663218_4d367511d6_o/"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-175" title="3325663218_4d367511d6_o" src="http://desiderioefilosofia.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/3325663218_4d367511d6_o.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="190" /></a> Nell’introduzione italiana ad un testo di Žižek su Lacan, Mauro Carbone discute un racconto di <strong>Milan Kundera</strong> (<em>Il simposio</em>, 1968) – Kundera, uno degli autori più vicini ed amici di Roth. È la storia di un microcosmo in un ospedale, composto da pazienti, infermieri e medici. In particolare Elisabeth, un’infermiera disinibita e dal fascino aggressivo, cerca insistentemente di sedurre il dottor Havel, noto tombeur de femmes, che però – tra la sorpresa dei colleghi &#8211; le resiste. Lo stesso primario ne è stupito e chiede al sottoposto come mai non approfitti della disponibilità della bella nurse. La risposta del dottore fa al caso nostro: quella donna, dice, “mostra il suo desiderio in maniera così marcata da farlo sembrare un ordine” . Il godimento sembra imposto ed il dottor Havel vi si ribella: “I suoi seni hanno l’onnipresenza di Dio”.<br />
Siamo passati dalla presenza-assenza del seno, dal suo darsi nel vuoto dello spazio tra le mammelle, alla pienezza roboante e invadente del petto di Elisabeth, ad una presenza attuale che non lascia spazio al desiderio, ma che si offre tutta al godimento.<br />
Ma quando il turgore dei seni toglie spazio al seno, allora il desiderio conosce una pausa, segna il passo.</p>
<div id="attachment_176" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 218px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-176" href="http://desiderioefilosofia.com/2009/11/19/sante-e-infermiere/raphael_fornarina/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-176" title="raphael_fornarina" src="http://desiderioefilosofia.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/raphael_fornarina.jpg?w=208" alt="" width="208" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Raffaello Sanzio, La Fornarina</p></div>
<p>Nel mostrare il seno, la pittura classica degli innumerevoli Donna dal seno nudo (da Raffaello a Tiziano, Corot, Manet, Gauguin) non fa che mostrare invece l’altro dal seno, quella pienezza dei seni che si danno come ek-sistenza, essere-nel-mondo della sessualità femminile (Nancy). Ma così non viene affatto colta la ricca ambiguità del vero seno, golfo, ansa, insenatura possibile: «Sguardo profondo, stereoscopico. Vedere doppio. Due colonne, due colline, due capezzoli. È impossibile. Il kolpos, tra l’uno e il due» . Più in generale, i seni esposti, esibiti dicono del godimento più che del desiderio e rimandano al tema, difficile, del rapporto tra desiderio e imposizione. La jouissance imposta come elemento costitutivo della post-modernità: saremmo per così dire condannati a desiderare, ma, soprattutto, a godere. Un punto sviluppato in particolare da Lacan e ripreso dalla scuola slovena lacaniana, attraverso Zizek – come abbiamo visto.  Permanendo nella dialettica tra desiderio e godimento, passiamo ora dal seno al testo. Roland Barthes ravvede il luogo dell’erotismo nei “bordi del testo”, nella fessura che lascia intravedere: «Il luogo più erotico di un corpo non è forse dove il vestito si scosta? Nella perversione (che è il regime del piacere testuale) non vi sono “zone erogene” (espressione del resto abbastanza disgustosa); è erotica l’intermittenza, come ha detto bene la psicoanalisi: quella della pelle che scintilla fra due indumenti (i pantaloni e il golf), fra due bordi (la camicia semiaperta, il guanto e la manica); è questo stesso scintillio che seduce, vale a dire la messa in scena di un’apparizione-sparizione» .<br />
<strong>Barthes</strong> accenna ad una seduttività del testo, paragonandola a quella delle parti del corpo intraviste tra gli indumenti scostati; l’erotismo dell’upskirt, nella forma inglese, cioè della porzione del corpo involontariamente evidenziata da una postura, da un colpo di vento, da un angolo di visuale inconsueto. Non è questione qui del godimento estetico del testo, del piacere della lettura, ma di qualcosa di diverso. Ma dove sono i “bordi” del testo? Cosa lo rende, per così dire, sexy? Sono intertestualità e metanarrazione le funzioni costitutive del sex-appeal del testo. È il contesto paratestuale, ciò a cui il testo allude, quel che non è scritto, quel che traspare dal bianco tra le righe; le diverse letture possibili, le interrogazioni e gli stimoli che il testo offre.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[La mort de l'autor: Roland Barthes i John Cage]]></title>
<link>http://kleefeld.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/la-mort-de-lautor-roland-barthes-i-john-cage/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 01:14:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kleefeld</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kleefeld.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/la-mort-de-lautor-roland-barthes-i-john-cage/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[La crítica i la posada en dubte del paradigma expressiu, per no dir, directament, l’obert posicionam]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[La crítica i la posada en dubte del paradigma expressiu, per no dir, directament, l’obert posicionam]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Analyse complète de R. Barthes]]></title>
<link>http://photorizons.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/analyse-complete-de-r-barthes/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 16:36:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>savla</dc:creator>
<guid>http://photorizons.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/analyse-complete-de-r-barthes/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Voici une publicité Panzani : des paquets de pâtes, une boîte, un sachet, des tomates, des oi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:x-small;">&#8220;Voici une publicité <em>Panzani : </em>des paquets de pâtes, une boîte, un sachet, des tomates, des oignons, des poivrons, un champignon, le tout sortant d&#8217;un filet à demi ouvert, dans des teintes jaunes et vertes sur fond rouge. Essayons d&#8217; « écrémer » les différents messages qu&#8217;elle peut contenir.<br />
L&#8217;image livre tout de suite un premier message, dont la substance est linguistique; les supports en sont la légende, marginale, et les étiquettes, qui, elles, sont insérées dans le naturel de la scène, comme « en abyme » ; le code dans lequel est prélevé ce message n&#8217;est autre que celui de la langue française; pour être déchiffré, ce message n&#8217;exige d&#8217;autre savoir que la connaissance de l&#8217;écriture et du français. A vrai dire, ce message lui-même peut encore se décomposer, car le signe <em>Panzani </em>ne livre pas seulement le nom de la firme, mais aussi, par son assonance, un signifié supplémentaire qui est, si l&#8217;on veut, l&#8217;«italianité » ; le message linguistique est donc double ( du moins dans cette image) : de dénotation et de connotation; toutefois, comme il n&#8217;y a ici qu&#8217;un seul signe typique, à savoir celui du langage articulé (écrit), on ne comptera qu&#8217;un seul message.<br />
Le message linguistique mis de côté, il reste l&#8217;image pure (même si les étiquettes en font partie à titre anecdotique). Cette image livre aussitôt une série de signes discontinus. Voici d&#8217;abord ( cet ordre est indifférent, car ces signes ne sont pas linéaires ), l&#8217;idée qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit, dans la scène représentée, d&#8217;un retour du marché ; ce signifié implique lui-même deux valeurs euphoriques : celle de la fraîcheur des produits et celle de la préparation purement ménagère à laquelle ils sont destinés; son signifiant est le filet entrouvert qui laisse s&#8217;épandre les provisions sur la table, comme « au déballé ». Pour lire ce premier signe, il suffit d&#8217;un savoir en quelque sorte implanté dans les usages d&#8217;une civilisation très large, où « faire soi-même son marché » s&#8217;oppose à l&#8217;approvisionnement expéditif (conserves, frigidaires) d&#8217;une civilisation plus « mécanique ». Un second signe est à peu près aussi évident; son signifiant est la réunion de la tomate, du poivron et de la teinte tricolore (jaune, vert, rouge) de l&#8217;affiche; son signifié est l&#8217;Italie, ou plutôt <em>l&#8217;italianité</em>, ce signe est dans un rapport de redondance avec le           signe connoté du message linguistique (l&#8217;assonance italienne du nom <em>Panzani) </em>; le savoir mobilisé par ce signe est déjà plus particulier : c&#8217;est un savoir proprement « français » (les Italiens ne pourraient guère percevoir la connotation du nom propre, non plus probablement que l&#8217;italianité de la tomate et du poivron), fondé sur une connaissance de certains stéréotypes touristiques. Continuant d&#8217;explorer l&#8217;image (ce qui ne veut pas dire qu&#8217;elle ne soit entièrement claire du premier coup ), on y découvre sans peine au moins deux autres signes; dans l&#8217;un, le rassemblement serré d&#8217;objets différents transmet l&#8217;idée d&#8217;un service culinaire total, comme si d&#8217;une part <em>Panzani </em>fournissait tout ce qui est nécessaire à un plat composé, et comme si d&#8217;autre part le concentré de la boîte égalait les produits naturels qui l&#8217;entourent, la scène faisant le pont en quelque sorte entre l&#8217;origine des produits et leur dernier état; dans l&#8217;autre signe, la composition, évoquant le souvenir de tant de peintures alimentaires, renvoie à un signifié esthétique : c&#8217;est la « nature morte », ou comme il est mieux dit dans d&#8217;autres langues, le « <em>still living </em> » ; le savoir nécessaire est ici fortement culturel. On pourrait suggérer qu&#8217;à ces quatre signes, s&#8217;ajoute une dernière information: celle-là même qui nous dit qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit ici d&#8217;une publicité, et qui provient à la fois de la place de l&#8217;image dans la revue et de l&#8217;insistance des étiquettes <em>Panzani </em> (sans parler de la légende).&#8221; </span><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#800000;">Rhétorique de l&#8217;image</span></strong><br />
in <em>Communication</em>, n°4, 1964<br />
repris dans <em>L&#8217;obvie et l&#8217;obtus</em><span style="font-size:x-small;">,          Points, 1982.</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[La photographie en publicité]]></title>
<link>http://photorizons.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/la-photographie-en-publicite/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 16:30:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>savla</dc:creator>
<guid>http://photorizons.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/la-photographie-en-publicite/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Affichage, presse&#8230; tout autant de médias qui utilisent la photographie. Au delà de la substanc]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Affichage, presse&#8230; tout autant de médias qui utilisent la photographie. Au delà de la substance linguistique de la publicité, l&#8217;image parle souvent d&#8217;elle même.</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff9900;"><strong><em>Analyse d&#8217;une publicité de Panzani, par Roland Barthes</em></strong></span><span style="color:#ff9900;"> : </span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-139" title="panzani" src="http://photorizons.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/panzani.jpg" alt="panzani" width="214" height="336" /></p>
<p>- <strong>Symbole 1 : retour de marché</strong> -&#62; fraîcheur, préparation maison</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">-&#62; signe : le filet entrouvert</p>
<p>- <strong>Symbole 2 : l&#8217;Italie ou l&#8217;italianité</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">-&#62; signes : la réunion de la tomate, du poivron et de la teinte tricolore (jaune, vert, rouge) de l&#8217;affiche</p>
<p>- <strong>Symbole 3 : le service culinaire total</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">-&#62; signe : le rassemblement serré d&#8217;objets différents</p>
<p>- <strong>Symbole 4 : la &#8220;nature morte&#8221; (dimension esthétique de l&#8217;image)</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">-&#62; signe: la composition de l&#8217;image évoquant le souvenir de tant de peintures alimentaires</p>
<p><strong>- Symbole 5 : la publicité</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">-&#62; signe : place de l&#8217;image dans la revue, insistance des étiquettes Panzani (et de la légende)</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">
<address><span style="color:#888888;">Photorizons</span><br />
</address>
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<p><strong><em><a href="http://photorizons.wordpress.com/category/1/"></a></em></strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[L'analyse de l'image - sémiologie]]></title>
<link>http://photorizons.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/lanalyse-de-limage-semiologie/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 16:10:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>savla</dc:creator>
<guid>http://photorizons.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/lanalyse-de-limage-semiologie/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Selon Roland Barthes, l&#8217;image publicitaire consiste en une imbrication étroite de deux sous-sy]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong></strong><span style="color:#ff6600;"><span style="color:#000000;">Selon Roland Barthes, l&#8217;image publicitaire consiste en une imbrication étroite de deux sous-systèmes sémiologiques, perçus simultanément mais que l&#8217;on peut hiérarchiser : </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>- Le signe :</strong> il correspond à ce que l&#8217;on voit. Le signe est invariant, non-subjectif et renvoie à une réalité propre. C&#8217;est ce que l&#8217;on dénote de l&#8217;image.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>- Le symbole : </strong>il correspond au sens que l&#8217;on met au signe. Il est subjectif car il dépend de notre vécu, de nos connaissances respectives. C&#8217;est ce que l&#8217;on connote. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;"><span style="color:#000000;">Par exemple, le blanc (= signe) connote la pureté (=symbole) en France, et la mort en Chine. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff9900;"><strong><em>Analyse d&#8217;une photo de Robert Franck</em></strong></span></p>
<p><strong><em><img title="Robert Franck" src="http://photorizons.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/image-21-300x2011.png" alt="Robert Franck" width="300" height="201" /></em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>Vision globale :</em></strong></p>
<p>Plan général, grande profondeur de champ, photo noir&#38;blanc, formes géométriques, diagonales gauches</p>
<p><em><strong>Analyse des signes :</strong></em></p>
<p>- <strong>Symbole 1 : idée de fuite </strong></p>
<p>-&#62; signes : position de l&#8217;enfant, porte ouverte du véhicule, composition de l&#8217;image (diagonales)</p>
<p>- <strong>symbole 2 : heure matinale </strong></p>
<p>-&#62; signes : présence du balayeur, rue déserte</p>
<p>- <strong>symbole 3 : danger, présence de la mort </strong></p>
<p>-&#62; signes : corbillard au 1er plan (code culturel), déséquilibre de l&#8217;enfant (court le plus vite possible), renvoie aux Rois des Aulnes de Goethe.</p>
<p>- <strong>symbole 4 : tristesse, froid</strong></p>
<p>-&#62; signes : ville industrielle du nord, pluie, brouillard, noir&#38;blanc</p>
<p><span style="color:#888888;"><em>Photorizons</em></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[ROLAND BARTHES]]></title>
<link>http://mediastudenten.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/roland-barthes/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 12:46:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>noxstar</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mediastudenten.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/roland-barthes/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Den frankse litteraturforskeren Roland Barthes utviklet siden teorien om at det er flere lag av vite]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Den frankse litteraturforskeren Roland Barthes utviklet siden teorien om at det er flere lag av viten i ord og bilde. Et stillbilde er sammensatt av mange forskjellige elementer og er ikke like avgrenset som verbalspråkets ord. Derfor har vi opp igjennom årene supplementert bildene med tekst. I film finner du tale, bilde og skrift. Reklame består ofte av et stillbilde bestående av tekst, pressebilder kommer med en forklaring under bildet og kunstbilder har en tittel. Hvorfor gjør vi dette og har det et navn? </p>
<h2>Forankring og avløsning</h2>
<p>I følge Barthes finnes det to typer funksjoner som verbalspråket kan ha i kombinasjon med bilder: forankring og avløsning. Avløsning betyr når teksten sier noe som ikke befinner seg i bildet, og dermed fører en ny mening til bildet og innholdet som helhet. Forankring er imidlertid kanskje den grunnleggende funksjonen, nemlig det å peke ut hvilke av bildet mangfoldige betydningsmuligheter som er tenkt å være hovedsak. </p>
<p>Med forankring ønsker en altså å avgrense tolkningen til seeren og dermed styre personen inn på &#8220;riktig&#8221; tolkning av bildet. I følge Jostein Gripsrud overså Barthes en vesentlig ting, at bildet også kan forankre teksten, den kan forme eller prege vår oppfatning  av den i en eller annen grad og forstand.</p>
<p><em>Kildehenvisning</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barthes">Roland Barthes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.universitetsforlaget.no/boker/mediefag/katalog?productId=862665">Mediekultur og Mediesamfunn av Jostein Gripsrud</a></li>
</ul>
<p></em></p>
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<title><![CDATA["Bezkrwawa ekspedycja przeciwko milczeniu" (M. P. Markowski, "Życie na miarę literatury")]]></title>
<link>http://readeatslip.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/bezkrwawa-ekspedycja-przeciwko-milczeniu/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 15:59:14 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>readeatslip</dc:creator>
<guid>http://readeatslip.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/bezkrwawa-ekspedycja-przeciwko-milczeniu/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Wydano właśnie czwarty – o ile dobrze liczę – tom esejów Michała Pawła Markowskiego, zatytułowany Ży]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-269" style="border:1px solid black;margin-left:7px;margin-right:7px;" title="M. P. Markowski, &#34;Życie na miarę literatury&#34;, Kraków 2009" src="http://readeatslip.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/markowski.jpg" alt="M. P. Markowski, &#34;Życie na miarę literatury&#34;" width="160" height="242" />Wydano właśnie czwarty – o ile dobrze liczę – tom esejów Michała Pawła Markowskiego, zatytułowany <em>Życie na miarę literatury</em>. Pierwszą, bardziej teoretyczną część książki, omawiam krótko poniżej; do drugiej, w której występują m.in. Marek Bieńczyk, Witold Gombrowicz, Franz Kafka, Fernando Pessoa, Marcel Proust i Witkacy – po prostu odsyłam, bo zapewniać o klasie esejów chyba nie muszę.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Jak oznajmia autor, książka jest swego rodzaju manifestem. Markowski tłumaczy, czym jest według niego (i dla niego) literatura i jaką spełnia rolę w codziennym życiu. Nie jest  bowiem tak, że nie pełni ona żadnej roli, albo istnieje tylko na marginesie. Markowski twierdzi, że życie bez literatury po prostu nie ma sensu. Ów sens „nie rośnie na polu, nie spoczywa w głębi oceanu i nie buja się na chmurach”, lecz jest mozolnie budowany w trakcie lektury, rozmowy z Innym. Obcowanie z literaturą jest takim sposobem egzystencji, któremu najbliżej do odnalezienia zagubionego sensu. Wejdźmy zatem, wraz z autorem, na grunt hermeneutyki.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Na początek, dla rozgrzewki, Markowski przypomina o dwóch modelach postrzegania literatury – klasycznym i awangardowym. Ten pierwszy zasadza się na micie i poczuciu wspólnoty, drugi zaś wręcz przeciwnie: na demitologizacji i emancypacji; model klasyczny zakłada, że „literatura to nasze wspólne dziedzictwo, wspólny dom” w którym chcielibyśmy zamieszkać, model awangardowy odwrotnie – chce zerwać z tym, co wspólne, z językiem ogółu i jego przyzwyczajeniami. Następstwem tego podziału jest wytworzenie się przeciwstawnych ujęć poezji: hermetyczne i hermeneutyczne.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Poezja hermetyczna, „czysta”, stara się oderwać od rzeczywistości i zakotwiczyć wyłącznie w języku; „wiersz powinien nie znaczyć, lecz być”.  Model hermeneutyczny z kolei próbuje „uczynić swoim własnym” to, co wcześniej było „obce”; jest to „poezja przyswojenia”. Mamy zatem, kontynuuje Markowski, dwie postawy wobec świata – eskapistyczną, kiedy uciekamy od niego na zawsze, oraz taką, która zakłada jednak powrót, i podobnie sztuka nowoczesna ma dwie drogi ku artystycznemu spełnieniu – hermetyczną i hermeneutyczną.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Drogę „hermetyczną” przetarł św. Augustyn, który dzięki lekturze ksiąg oderwał się od rzeczywistości, zmienił swoje życie i zwrócił ku Bogu. Markowski podkreśla, że w nawróceniu Augustyna najważniejszy był moment, kiedy święty oddał się bezgłośnej lekturze – tym sposobem odciął się od świata zewnętrznego, rozdzielił ciało i umysł. Bezpośrednim kontynuatorem poczynań Augustyna jest, zdaniem Markowskiego, S. Mallarmé, który pokazał, że „poezja jest wielką pracą nad negacją – transpozycją, transfiguracją – codziennego doświadczenia”.  Kolejną przywoływaną postacią jest T. S. Eliot, ale nie miejsce tutaj na referowanie całej książki krok po kroku; wspomnę więc tylko, że druga ścieżka to zadziwienie światem i próba jego wytłumaczenia; to poezja metafizyczna, np. Miłosza, która stara się świat tłumaczyć.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Markowski nie decyduje się na żadną z omawianych dróg, wybiera coś pomiędzy:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">„Moja wizja literatury (…) polega na uznaniu egzystencjalnego wahania za najważniejszy i najciekawszy motyw literacki, który wszelako nie jest żadnym &#60;&#60;motywem&#62;&#62;, lecz mechanizmem napędzającym pisanie i czytanie”.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">W wizji tej niezwykle ważna jest kategoria „rozumienia”, pożyczona od Gadamera; równie istotną rolę odgrywa uczuciowa, erotyczna perspektywa Barthesa i pragnienie zaprzyjaźnienia się z tekstem; ostatnim patronem jest wreszcie Richard Rorty, który pisał: „powieści sprawiają, że wiemy, jak ludzie, którzy się od nas całkiem różnią, myślą o sobie samych, jak obmyślają swoje działania, by wypaść w dobrym świetle, jak nadają sens własnemu życiu (…) Być człowiekiem bardziej wykształconym, rozwiniętym i wyrafinowanym to umieć uchwycić większość  z tych potrzeb i rozumieć większość z tych opisów”.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Lubię czytać Markowskiego, pewnie dlatego, że i mnie bliskie jest hermeneutyczne czytanie spod znaku Gadamera czy Ricoeura, przyjemność, którą przywrócił lekturze Barthes i pragmatyczne szturchańce Rorty’ego. Lubię swobodę, z jaką żegluje po morzu tekstów. Najcenniejsze z tej lektury wydaje się jednak przeświadczenie, że literaturę można kochać i nie można się tego wstydzić.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Alter llenguatges de Joan Fontcuberta a Espais]]></title>
<link>http://bonartactualitat.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/alter-llenguatges-de-joan-fontcuberta-a-espais/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 09:40:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bonartactualitat</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bonartactualitat.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/alter-llenguatges-de-joan-fontcuberta-a-espais/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[La exposició Altres llenguatges del fotògraf català Joan Fontcuberta, que estarà oberta del 6 de nov]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1322" title="constitucion" src="http://bonartactualitat.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/constitucion.jpg?w=199" alt="constitucion" width="199" height="300" />La exposició <em>Altres llenguatges</em> del fotògraf català Joan Fontcuberta, que estarà oberta del 6 de novembre del 2009 al 16 de gener del 2010, exhibeix tres de les seves sèries més importants: <em>Dactilografies </em>(2009),<em> Delectrix </em>(2006)<em> i Semiòpolis </em>(2006) a travès de les quals se’ns proposa una reflexió sobre les dificultats del procés comunicatiu i el poder del llenguatge com a representació cultural. Fontcuberta analitza el llenguatge literari, el llenguatge de les mans o el braille com a codificacions de gestos dotats de significats; sotmesos a la interpretació, la reconstrucció i a la reformulació d’aquest signes provocats per les dificultats perceptives del text, al temps que aprofundeix sobre els processos de negació i censura de la paraula escrita. En ambdós casos, l&#8217;impediment en apropar-nos al text i als continguts genera paradoxalment un nou fet comunicatiu.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[La cámara lúcida]]></title>
<link>http://lamiradafotografica.es/2009/11/10/la-camara-lucida/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 22:33:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Josep A. Pérez Castelló</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lamiradafotografica.es/2009/11/10/la-camara-lucida/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[La fotografía como representación del pasado revivido en el presente tiene su máximo exponente teóri]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-7" title="daguerre" src="http://unamiradaoblicua.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/daguerre.jpg?w=172" alt="daguerre" width="172" height="300" />La fotografía como representación del pasado revivido en el presente tiene su máximo exponente teórico en <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>. Su libro “La cámara lúcida” es un trabajo sobre la fotografía al que le sigue una reflexión sobre la muerte y su inevitabilidad. La única forma de obtener una cierta inmortalidad es a través de la fotografía. Si su famoso libro “Fragmentos de un discurso amoroso” se centraba en el amor, éste se centra sobre su contrario analítico.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Barthes toma varias fotografías antiguas y las analiza, las escucha, quiere saber lo que le dicen. No es por tanto, en si mismo, un libro sobre fotografía, pero si sobre las fotografías. Él quiere descubrir el lenguaje con el que habla la fotografía refiriéndose al pasado, pues toda fotografía por definición es pasada. El tiempo ha transcurrido ya desde el momento en que se cerró la cortinilla del obturador.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Barthes trata de descubrir, como dice la contraportada de su libro “los mecanismos de la escritura fija”. Esa que se inscribió en el negativo. El autor quiere descubrir el signo expresivo que hay detras de cada toma. Es por tanto un libro sobre semiología de la fotografía.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Pero, desde mi perspectiva, es más aún. Si, como decía Lacan, el inconsciente se estructura como un lenguaje, creo que la fotografía es una de las herramientas en que ese lenguaje se expresa. Muchos de los contenidos del inconsciente tienen que ver con Thanatos (como señaló primeramente Freud). Tal vez por ello, para vencer a su miedo a la muerte, el hombre siempre ha querido representar su contraria: la vida. Primero con el dibujo en las cuevas de los primeros hombres, en la pintura religiosa, etc. Finalmente llego la fotografía como gran aliada. En el momento que <a href="http://www.niepce.com/">Niepce </a>o <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Daguerre">Daguerre </a>empezaron a conseguir que las imagenes quedasen fijadas sobre una superficie, lo mágico ya estaba ahí. El pasado ya nunca volvería a ser el mismo, una parte de él podía ser fijada. Se había conseguido derrotar al tiempo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Sobre todos estos temas divaga Barthes en su libro.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">———————————-</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Barthes, R. (1989) <em>La cámara lúcida.</em> Barcelona: Paidós comunicación.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">*La fotografía de Daguerre está tomada de Wikipedia</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><img src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/2.5/es/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Esta obra está bajo una<br />
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/es/">licencia de Creative Commons</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[how i embarrass myself]]></title>
<link>http://charlieduncan.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/how-i-embarrass-myself/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 15:15:36 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>charlieduncan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://charlieduncan.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/how-i-embarrass-myself/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I did a gig in Brighton last night, which is my third there in three weeks. I&#8217;m getting to lik]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I did a gig in Brighton last night, which is my third there in three weeks. I&#8217;m getting to like it &#8211; I like the journey down, I like getting to look at the sea, I like the gigs, I like getting out of London, I like seeing friends who are living there (well, mostly former students but I think it&#8217;s okay to call them friends now)&#8230;basically, I like it.</p>
<p>The gig itself was actually right out on the outskirts of Hove; I walked for about an hour to find it, and when I did it was just a microphone-in-a-local-pub setup with no separate room and no audience to speak of; it was Guy Fawkes night, it didn&#8217;t look like anyone was going to come to a comedy night; I have to admit, I wondered when I arrived if it had been worth the trip.</p>
<p>But then I remembered that Jim Grant was the promoter, and I have never yet done one of his gigs that hasn&#8217;t gone ahead and been loads of fun (I&#8217;m not saying that it never happens, just that I have no bad experiences of gigs that Jim has promoted). And when Jim turned up, suddenly an audience did too, seemingly from out of nowhere. And they were lovely. I&#8217;d been talking to one of the pub regulars, a friendly and slightly pissed woman in a big red rugby top, just before the show started; and just as Jim was announcing me on to the stage, she shouted &#8220;He&#8217;s from Crouch End!&#8221; Which, as far as heckles go, was undeniably true. So I got on stage, said hello and asked her if she always heckled comedians by just shouting out their address &#8211; which got a big friendly laugh and the rest of the set (all the old banker routines) went beautifully.</p>
<p>I couldn&#8217;t help but notice, though, that the biggest laughs came from my stories about my own embarrassments. The bit that I open with, about getting a review that completely misdescribes my act in pretty crude sexual terms, got a huge laugh when I said how embarrassing it was that I&#8217;d found out about the review from my mum. And a bit that I&#8217;ve started doing about having a really embarrassing pornstar name (which I first did in my fourth ever gig, then dropped it for about four years) went really well too.</p>
<p>I wonder, sometimes, how much comedy relies on the comedian revealing their embarrassments and their shames to be publicly laughed at &#8211; to laugh and to be completely unashamed not only in front of themselves (as Nietzsche <a title="Gay Science aphorism 107" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Vf8KETLiKXMC&#38;pg=PA104&#38;lpg=PA104&#38;dq=gay+science+107&#38;source=bl&#38;ots=7oTFd2BOsN&#38;sig=4vGEpP-s3F2T3A_KUMbxzFukz1s&#38;hl=en&#38;ei=ZDj0StLnBZL34AaWxrDmAw&#38;sa=X&#38;oi=book_result&#38;ct=result&#38;resnum=3&#38;ved=0CAwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&#38;q=&#38;f=false" target="_blank">says</a>), but in front of <em>everyone</em>, and in that they rise above the rest of the tribal shame-control which usually keeps us all in check. It would certainly go some way towards supporting a little thesis I have about how similar stand-up can be to stripping (in the sense that a lone individual must produce a show in which the source of their shame is <em>willingly and stylishly revealed</em> for public entertainment &#8211; and in doing so it <em>transcends</em> shame, and produces something which has the potential to be genuinely honest and artistic &#8211; a point that Barthes missed in his otherwise brilliant <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/4612523/Mythologies-by-Roland-Barthes-as-selected-and-translated-by-Annette-Lavers" target="_blank">Mythologies</a>. Unless of course the whole thing is <em>necessarily</em> just another example of <a href="http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/marcuse/works/one-dimensional-man/ch03.htm" target="_blank">repressive desublimation</a>, but that would make stand-up an aspect of <a href="http://www.marcuse.org/herbert/pubs/60spubs/65repressivetolerance.htm" target="_blank">repressive tolerance </a>and I&#8217;m not prepared to think about that just at the moment&#8230;)</p>
<p>Anyway, stand-up and stripping aren&#8217;t, it seems, the only ways to embarrass yourself. You can do it on facebook now, too. I&#8217;ve got facebook on my iphone, now &#8211; cool, huh? &#8211; which is usually a good way to fill the kind of distracted time you get while waiting to go onstage/get on a bus/get on a train. Not so good, though, when you regularly get mixed up between the &#8217;search&#8217; box and the &#8217;status update box&#8217;, and keep putting the names of your friends as status updates &#8211; especially when you&#8217;ve been searching for the profiles of friends who are kind of embarrassing as an answer to the question &#8216;what&#8217;s on your mind?&#8230;&#8217; Hmm.</p>
<p>Still &#8211; as my boy Friedrich says &#8211; anyone who is still ashamed before themselves does not yet belong with us&#8230;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Abbé Pierre 2.0 : à quand l'e-mmaüs?]]></title>
<link>http://notrelienquotidien.com/2009/11/05/abbe-pierre-2-0-a-quand-le-mmaus/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 11:11:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jean</dc:creator>
<guid>http://notrelienquotidien.com/2009/11/05/abbe-pierre-2-0-a-quand-le-mmaus/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Prenez un grand saladier durable : versez y 250 grammes de développement du troc et de la vente d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.web-libre.org/medias/img/articles/b3bbccd6c008e727785cb81b1aa08ac5-2.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="250" /></p>
<p>Prenez un grand saladier durable : versez y 250 grammes de développement du troc et de la vente d&#8217;occasion, ajoutez un peu de tendance <em>smart shoppers</em> et un demi-litre de <em>re-use</em>/recyclage, mélangez avec deux cuillers de nouvelles solidarités et de communauté, émiettez une pincée de mode de vie locale, un soupçon de vintage, laissez cuire pendant 1 heure&#8230;</p>
<p>Voici la recette du gâteau célébrant les 60 ans d&#8217;Emmaüs, une association dont le rôle n&#8217;a jamais cessé de se renforcer. Aujourd&#8217;hui, elle colle aux dernières tendances de consommation post-crise.</p>
<p>C&#8217;est l&#8217;opération eBay Live IRL (in real life) qui m&#8217;y a fait penser. Si la boutique virtuelle eBay s&#8217;amuse à créer des structures de vente physique éphéméres, <strong>pourquoi le champion du débarras et des fripes ne lancerait pas une version électronique?</strong></p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1292" title="091104_ebay_store" src="http://barbanouille.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/091104_ebay_store.png?w=300" alt="091104_ebay_store" width="300" height="261" /></p>
<p>L&#8217;article publié dans Le Monde Magazine de la semaine passée dressait un portrait élogieux du nouveau responsable de la structure parisienne : un jeune polytechnicien animé par la passion et le goût de la réinsertion. Actuellement cantonné (à Paris tout du moins) à un entrepôt dans le 14e arrondissement, Emmaüs devrait se développer et ouvrir des antennes locales dans d&#8217;autres arrondissements.</p>
<p>Nul doute que ces initiatives devraient rencontrer un succès qui conjugue plusieurs facteurs : le désir de vie locale, de reconnexion avec son quartier, de sociabilité, de récupération, de solidarité, de réinsertion, d&#8217;authenticité, de <em>vraie vie</em>&#8230; Une occasion en or de redonner du sens à sa consommation.</p>
<p>Qu&#8217;ils parlent aux <em>hipsters</em>, aux personnes dans le besoin ou aux bobos, les membres de la communauté des pèlerins d&#8217;Emmaüs n&#8217;en finiront jamais de nous surprendre et de nous aider à garder les pieds sur terre.</p>
<p>Certains regrettent l&#8217;existence de ces associations, y voyant le reflet de la déliquescence du lien social et l&#8217;échec d&#8217;une vision de la République. Je crois au contraire que ces structures sont indispensables et indissociables des sociétés développés. Si l&#8217;on s&#8217;en tient au système de la consommation selon Barthes, c&#8217;est grâce aux pauvres que les riches se sentent riches.</p>
<p>Il était temps de leur rendre hommage. Ils tiennent leur revanche sur la bourgeoisie.</p>
<p>Joyeux anniversaire.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Roland Barthes]]></title>
<link>http://jacobhart.wordpress.com/2009/11/03/roland-barthes/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 20:57:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jacobhart</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jacobhart.wordpress.com/2009/11/03/roland-barthes/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[From Roland Barthes Mythologies, a semiological study of how myth functions to &#8220;depoliticize s]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>From Roland Barthes <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mythologies-Roland-Barthes/dp/0374521506">Mythologies</a></em>, a semiological study of how myth functions to &#8220;depoliticize speech&#8221;:</p>
<blockquote><p>In passing from history to nature, myth acts economically: it abolishes the complexity of human acts, it gives them the simplicity of essences, it does away with all dialectics, with any going back beyond what is immediately visible, it organizes a world which is without contradictions because it is without depth…it establishes a blissful clarity… (269)</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[tomber en amour]]></title>
<link>http://julietteteste.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/tomber-en-amour/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 18:54:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Juliette</dc:creator>
<guid>http://julietteteste.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/tomber-en-amour/</guid>
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<title><![CDATA[Úvod do filozofie ZS 09/10 - I: Od mýtu k logu]]></title>
<link>http://vitpokorny.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/uvod-do-filozofie-zs-0910-i-od-mytu-k-logu/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 20:31:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>vitpokorny</dc:creator>
<guid>http://vitpokorny.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/uvod-do-filozofie-zs-0910-i-od-mytu-k-logu/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Filozofie vznikla ve starověkém Řecku. Její vznik byl spojen s vynalezením nového přístupu ke světu,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Filozofie vznikla ve starověkém Řecku. Její vznik byl spojen s vynalezením nového přístupu ke světu,]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Conference Paper: Cultural Sociology and Other Disciplines: Interdisciplinarity in the Cultural Sciences]]></title>
<link>http://compassconference.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/conference-paper-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 08:00:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Kivmars Bowling (Senior Managing Editor)</dc:creator>
<guid>http://compassconference.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/conference-paper-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Diana Crane (University of Pennsylvania) To read this article and its associated commentaries for fr]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Diana Crane<br />
(University of Pennsylvania)</p>
<p>To read this article and its associated commentaries for free just<!--more--> click on the PDF links below.</p>
<p><a href="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/civc-paper-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences-diana-crane.pdf"><strong><img src="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/pdf25.png" alt="" /> Crane </strong><strong>PDF</strong></a></p>
<p><a href="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/civc-commentary-gabriel-ignatow-university-of-north-texas-on-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences-diana-crane.pdf"><img src="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/pdf25.png" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/civc-commentary-gabriel-ignatow-university-of-north-texas-on-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences-diana-crane.pdf">Commentary 1 PDF</a> </strong>- Gabriel Ignatow (University of North Texas)</p>
<p><a href="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/civc-commentary-mark-jacobs-george-mason-university-on-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences-diana-crane.pdf"><img src="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/pdf25.png" alt="" /> </a><strong><a href="http://compassconference.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/civc-commentary-mark-jacobs-george-mason-university-on-cultural-sociology-and-other-disciplines-interdisciplinarity-in-the-cultural-sciences-diana-crane.pdf">Commentary 2 PDF</a> </strong>- Mark Jacobs (George Mason University)</p>
<p>In order to post your comment and response, please use the comments box at the bottom of this post. All comments are moderated and will appear shortly after they are submitted.</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>
<p>The subject of this paper is the relationship between cultural sociology and approaches to culture in other social science disciplines. What are the characteristics of the theoretical environment in which cultural sociology is operating? The paper begins by reviewing the literature on interdisciplinarity. Many authors argue that interdisciplinarity is increasing or should be increasing, but the general consensus is that disciplinary isolation is the norm. From this perspective, the relationships between disciplines can be understood in terms of <em>trading zones</em> in which fields in different disciplines have little in common, theoretically or empirically.  Interdisciplinary communication in ‘trading zones’ requires that participants laboriously construct a set of terms that permits them to exchange ideas.</p>
<p>Alternatively, I propose that clusters of fields in different disciplines are linked by <em>free-floating paradigms</em>. Participants in disciplines that share ‘free-floating paradigms’ are able to communicate with one another more readily. The paper presents evidence for the second interpretation, drawn from survey articles in disciplinary handbooks.  Disciplines and fields in which the study of culture draws from the same pool of paradigms and models and shares a set of lines of inquiry with cultural sociology include traditional disciplines, such as anthropology, communication, geography, history and psychology and interdisciplinary fields, such as cultural studies, communication, feminist theory, material culture, science studies, and visual culture. Interdisciplinary fields, particularly cultural studies, perform an important role in diffusing paradigms across disciplinary boundaries.  Free-floating paradigms are associated with the work of major theorists, such as Lévi-Strauss, Barthes, Foucault, Bourdieu, Lyotard, Baudrillard, Clifford Geertz, Bruno Latour, Adorno, Gramsci, and Habermas.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[More thoughts on Barthes...]]></title>
<link>http://wiueng500.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/more-thoughts-on-barthes/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 04:03:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>celestialminivan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wiueng500.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/more-thoughts-on-barthes/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[One thing that I wanted to talk about yesterday that we didn&#8217;t get to was the idea of myth as ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>One thing that I wanted to talk about yesterday that we didn&#8217;t get to was the idea of myth as &#8220;depoliticized speech&#8221;.  Barthes says, &#8220;Myth does not deny things, on the contrary, its function is to talk about them; simply, it purifies them, it makes them innocent, it gives them a natural and eternal justification, it gives them a clarity which is not that of an explanation but a statement of fact&#8221; (143).  And then futher on the page he asks a good question: &#8220;Is reality always political?&#8221; </p>
<p>As I may have mentioned before, I do not like politics and I try to stay out of political discussions as much as possible, but after ruminating about the whole happy meal thing&#8230; I started to think about different meanings of the word &#8220;political&#8221;.  Aren&#8217;t all of the choices that we make in some way political according to Barthes definition: &#8220;political in its deeper meaning, as describing the whole of human relations in their real, social structure, in their power of making the world&#8221;.  Do we create myth in order to maintain an illusion that our actions and choices have no consequences?  What are the implications for someone, such as myself, who tries to be non-political?</p>
<p>And what did you all think about Barthes&#8217; conclusion: &#8220;The fact that we cannot manage to achieve more than an unstable grasp of reality doubtless gives the measure of our present alienation: we constantly drift between the object and its de-mystification, powerless to render its wholeness.  For if we penetrate the object, we liberate but destroy it; and if we acknowledge its full weight, we respect it, but restore it to a state which is still mystified&#8221;  (159).  Am I thinking too much about all of this, or is this an incredibly profound statement?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[El suceso es...]]></title>
<link>http://diariodesucesos.wordpress.com/2009/10/26/el-suceso-es/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:27:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cristinardl</dc:creator>
<guid>http://diariodesucesos.wordpress.com/2009/10/26/el-suceso-es/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ “El suceso es una información monstruosa que procede de una clasificación de lo inclasificable; es ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><blockquote><p> “El suceso es una información monstruosa que procede de una clasificación de lo inclasificable; es el desecho inorgánico de las noticias informes; su esencia es negativa; sólo empieza a existir allí donde el mundo deja de ser nombrado y sometido a un catálogo conocido (política, economía, guerras, espectáculos, ciencias&#8230;)</p></blockquote>
<p>Así lo definía <a href="http://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=1443" target="_blank">Barthes</a>.</p>
<p>Y por ese motivo, por tratarse de la cara más amarga de la vida, intentaré en este espacio tratar los diferentes sucesos que acontezcan en nuestro país con el rigor que requieren. Por tal de conocer aquellos que tengan una mayor relevancia y un mayor interés social, me serviré de los principales periódicos y de las principales agencias nacionales.</p>
<p>Porque nos interesan a todos y porque queremos estar bien informados, inicio este nuevo proyecto.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mythologies of Consumerism]]></title>
<link>http://wiueng500.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/consumerism/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2009 17:27:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>celestialminivan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wiueng500.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/consumerism/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m making a separate post continuing on from the Wine post thread. I think that Sarah was on ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I&#8217;m making a separate post continuing on from the Wine post thread. I think that Sarah was on to something with her point about drug companies and scientific studies and their mythologies. Then I started thinking more about how, in general, we supposedly &#8220;have been taught to consider how our products are made and where they come from?&#8221; If we have, then why do the mythologies of global capitalism require us to push this knowledge to the back of our minds?</p>
<p>For example, Walmart. Okay, I shop there, but I also sometimes feel sleazy buying mass-produced goods from China. I bought a tea kettle there. It is sitting on my apartment stove now, and every time I look at it I can&#8217;t help but think how many identical tea kettles are sitting on stoves across the country, and I wonder why those tea kettles could not have been made in the USA.  However, while I&#8217;m shopping at Walmart, I supress my feeling of sleaziness because I cling to the mythology that cheap is good, symbolized by the big, blue W-A-L-M-A-R-T.</p>
<p>Another time I feel a sensation of sleaziness is when I take my kids to Burger King for Kids Meals. Do Kids Meals (or Happy Meals from McDonalds) have their own mythology? They make kids happy! The kids get a &#8220;meal&#8221; (I always substitute the fries for apples and the soda for milk or juice, to maximize nutritional value), but the &#8220;meal&#8221; always comes with some mass-produced lump of plastic that entertains the kids for about five minutes before it lands in a heap of other discarded plastic toys.   Yesterday, my daughter got a &#8220;Gary&#8221; from the Spongebob series.  It is literally just a piece of plastic shaped like a cartoon snail.  She says to me, &#8220;I don&#8217;t like Gary, he doesn&#8217;t DO anything!&#8221;  I say, &#8220;I love Gary, he&#8217;s my favorite, he meows.&#8221;  That is, on the show, but this toy does nothing except to make me think about how stupid kids meals are.</p>
<p>If you think about all of the discarded plastic toys made in China that were shipped here (all the while using precious natural resources) to entertain our kids for five minutes&#8230; it is sickening. How many tons of plastic Happy Meal toys are sitting (not decomposing) in American landfills? For what purpose??? Should I deny my kids the pleasure of the Happy Meal mythology? Probably, but it is easier said than done.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Red Wine, You Say?]]></title>
<link>http://wiueng500.wordpress.com/2009/10/23/red-wine-you-say/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2009 22:16:31 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>hamsterkitten</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wiueng500.wordpress.com/2009/10/23/red-wine-you-say/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I found it interesting that the purpose of this book (in my opinion) was to discuss the perpetuation]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I found it interesting that the purpose of this book (in my opinion) was to discuss the perpetuation of myths that exist in society and where they come from, etc., etc., etc&#8230;.</p>
<p>Barthes talks about red wine and how it is considered such a wonderful elixir, for instance, its use in Communions, but then he goes on to talk about the reality of it being harmful to one&#8217;s health&#8230; I know the book was written in 1957 (not in English) but the idea of wine being harmful&#8230; IS A MYTH.  Sure it&#8217;s harmful if you take it in mass quantities, but so is water.</p>
<p>According to: Lindberg, Matthew L.; Ezra A. Amsterdam (2008). &#8220;Alcohol, wine, and cardiovascular health&#8221;. <em>Clinical Cardiology</em> <strong>31</strong> (8): 347–51,</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Although excessive alcohol consumption has adverse health effects, epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that moderate consumption of alcohol and wine is statistically associated with a decrease in death due to cardiovascular events such as heart failure.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Just like the beef industry suing Oprah, perhaps the wine industry could sue Barthes&#8230; oh, he died in 1980?  My bad, nevermind.</p>
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