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<channel>
	<title>bootloader &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/bootloader/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "bootloader"</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jan 2010 08:29:54 +0000</pubDate>

	<generator>http://en.wordpress.com/tags/</generator>
	<language>en</language>

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<title><![CDATA[OS X 10.6.2 on a DELL mini10v Inspiron 1011]]></title>
<link>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/osx-10-6-2-snow-leopard-on-dell-mini10v/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 22:26:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Simone</dc:creator>
<guid>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/osx-10-6-2-snow-leopard-on-dell-mini10v/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Many things have changed since my last tutorial. Please ignore other guides as they are obsolete (De]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Many things have changed since my last tutorial. Please ignore other guides as they are obsolete (Dec 31st). This last was written and tested on a DELL mini10v. BIOS A06 and higher works perfectly on OSX and for this guide!</p>
<blockquote><p>Start by downloading all the following files:<br />
- <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?m1dcggzj2nh">NetBookBootMaker</a>, currently @ revision 0.8.3<br />
- <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?lamthbjuzfk">About this MAC fix</a><br />
- Purchase a copy of <a href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/">Snow Leopard</a></p></blockquote>
<p>From a OSX computer open disk utility and make a DMG out of you install DVD. Check it for restore and them restore the image into your USB memory 8GB or more. Open NetBookBootMaker and install in this newly created install USB memory. Insert the USB memory into your mini10v and press F12 at boot to select USB as main boot device. In few short minutes you should be able to see this screens:</p>
<p><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/10boot01.jpg" alt="10boot01" title="10boot01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-446" /><br />
<img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/10boot02.jpg" alt="10boot01" title="10boot01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-446" /><br />
<img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/10boot03.jpg" alt="10boot01" title="10boot01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-446" /></p>
<p>Choose your language, follow the onscreen instruction, if there are issues with your HD, simply open Disk Utility from the top menu and format your HD to 1 partition GUID and you are now ready to proceed installing on the main drive. Give it 20 to 25 minute and when ready to reboot, simply remove the USB memory from the slot&#8230;At first boot, run the &#8220;About this MAC&#8221; file to repair the text on your about screen, it is only a cosmetic fix. Open software update and install 10.6.2. At the next reboot, if you are missing audio, simply run the NetbokInstaller found in your applications folder. Believe it or not, you are <strong>DONE!</strong></p>
<p>Install process pictures:</p>
<p><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/10boot04.jpg" alt="10boot01" title="10boot01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-446" /></p>
<p>The OS X welcome video:</p>
<p><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/10boot05.jpg" alt="10boot05" title="10boot05" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-452" /></p>
<p>The registration at first boot:</p>
<p><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/10boot06.jpg" alt="10boot06" title="10boot06" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-453" /></p>
<p>End of the tutorial&#8230;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Restore GRUB Legacy]]></title>
<link>http://iljo.wordpress.com/2009/12/15/restoring-grub-legacy/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2009 22:30:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Iljo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://iljo.wordpress.com/2009/12/15/restoring-grub-legacy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This method requires any live GNU/Linux distribution that has &#8216;GRUB Legacy&#8217; for default ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>This method requires any live GNU/Linux distribution that has &#8216;GRUB Legacy&#8217; for default bootloader. <!--more--> So after booting live distribution from CD/DVD/USB, and opening command line, here are 4 steps that will restore your GRUB: </p>
<ol>
<li> Start grub using this command (the &#8216;no-floppy&#8217; option will speed up GRUB starting time): <br />
              <code>sudo grub --no-floppy</code> </li>
<li> Now if boot partition, that you want to restore GRUB from (it contains &#8221;/boot/grub/stage1&#8242; file), is on the second partition, you&#8217;ll type:  <br />
             <code>root (hd0,1)</code> </li>
<li> Setup GRUB on MBR: <br /> <code>setup (hd0)</li>
<li> And quit: <br /><code>quit</code> </li>
</ol>
<p>For more options there are always man pages, help in grub interface, and <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html">on-line manual</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Windows &amp; Linux Boot loaders never get along ]]></title>
<link>http://uniqueg47.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/windows-linux-boot-loaders-never-get-along/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 12 Dec 2009 15:34:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>g47</dc:creator>
<guid>http://uniqueg47.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/windows-linux-boot-loaders-never-get-along/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hey friends, Its been reallllllllllly a long time, I know What can I say I&#8217;ve been busy with w]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Hey friends, Its been reallllllllllly a long time, I know <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' />  What can I say I&#8217;ve been busy with work and college. Now is actually the time, when I get to stretch my legs a little <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' />  . So I thought its best if I do that here.</p>
<p>As you all know, Linux &#38; Windows Battles have been going on for too long now. If you ask me, I don&#8217;t care who actually wins in the battle as long as the winner favors the end users(us <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  ) in the most reasonable way. Anyway considering the fact that most of us use two or more OS in our system is the real problem maker.</p>
<p>But a problem in life, is never really gonna stop us from getting what we want <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> . So here is the thing, it makes a big difference depending on which OS you install first and which OS follows it.</p>
<p>Consider a situation in which Windows was your first choice of OS, followed by any Linux Distribution. No matter what Linux Distro you choose, the bootloader in it will be automatically configured to detect your Windows bootloader. So that shouldn&#8217;t really be your problem, even if you do have a problem with that, let me know i&#8217;ll put it up in my next post.</p>
<p>Now here is situation number 2, in which you choose Linux as your first choice of OS, followed by any version of Windows. When you install linux first, it goes fine, but once when the windows installation follows it, the linux bootloader is erased and is replaced with the freshly installed windows bootloader. Although there are ways to reconfigure the linux bootloader inside Windows, I would suggest an easy way to go into linux itself and reconfiguring its bootloader in such a way that it lists both its own distribution and the new Windows installation.</p>
<p>The above method depends on what version of bootloader you&#8217;ve installed in your linux distro. There are two typical scenarios, one with GRUB v1.x installed and the other is with GRUB v2.x installed.</p>
<p>Consider if GRUB v1.x is installed, here is what you should do to reconfigure your grub.</p>
<p><strong>Steps:</strong></p>
<p>1. Use your linux installation CD/DVD to boot into Live CD mode.</p>
<p>2. Once inside the Live Mode, open up the terminal and type in the following commands.</p>
<p><strong>sudo grub</strong></p>
<p><strong>find /boot/grub/stage1</strong></p>
<p><strong>root (x,y)</strong></p>
<p><strong>setup (x)</strong></p>
<p><strong>quit</strong></p>
<p>3. In the above list of commands, the find syntax helps to identify where your previously installed linux partition is located because this is where your previous bootloader resides.</p>
<p>4. Once this is found, the terminal returns you the values of (x,y) which you should substitute in the succeeding steps.</p>
<p>5. Finally you should have your newly configured Linux bootloader up and running.</p>
<p>Now consider if the GRUB v2 is installed, here is how you reconfigure your Linux bootloader.</p>
<p><strong>Steps:</strong></p>
<p>1. Use your linux installation CD/DVD to boot into Live CD mode.</p>
<p>2. Once inside the Live Mode, open up the terminal.</p>
<p>3. To find your normal system partition use the command <strong>sudo fdisk -l</strong></p>
<p>4. If your still not sure about your right linux partition use the command <strong>df -Th</strong></p>
<p>5. Once you know your correct system partition mount it using the following command <strong>sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt</strong></p>
<p>where X is the hard-disk and Y is the partition number in which your linux installation is located.</p>
<p>6. Mount other devices using the command <strong>sudo mount &#8211;bind /dev/ /mnt/dev</strong></p>
<p>7. Now you have to enter into the Root user mode, which can be done using the following command <strong>sudo chroot /mnt</strong></p>
<p>8. Now to re-install the grub in your existing linux partition type in the following command <strong>sudo grub-install /dev/sdX</strong></p>
<p>Where X denotes your the hard-disk in which your linux partition is located. Here it is not necessary to specify the partition number.</p>
<p>9. Once this is done you may verify whether the grub installation was successful using the following command <strong>sudo grub-install &#8211;recheck /dev/sdX</strong></p>
<p>10. Hit <strong>Control + D </strong>to exit from Root User Mode.</p>
<p>11. Unmount all devices using the command <strong>sudo umount /mnt/dev</strong></p>
<p><strong></strong> 12. Your&#8217;e DONE! , finally reboot the system and you will find that your linux bootloader is primed and ready to go <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Dell mini10V and Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.2]]></title>
<link>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/12/05/dell-mini10v-and-mac-os-x-snow-leopard-10-6-2/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 05 Dec 2009 15:03:29 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Simone</dc:creator>
<guid>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/12/05/dell-mini10v-and-mac-os-x-snow-leopard-10-6-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[HERE is the latest kernel/kexts that allow the mini10v to work with 10.6.2 as good as it does with a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://download137.mediafire.com/tjvmeujznmyg/myyinmzdfuz/DellMini10V_OSX86SV_RC4.app.zip"><strong>HERE</strong></a> is the latest kernel/kexts that allow the mini10v to work with 10.6.2 as good as it does with any previous releases.</p>
<p>Do not attempt an Apple update to 10.6.2 without first installing this patch as it will cause a continuous reboot and will make your machine useless.</p>
<p>The process is simple, if you are already running 10.6 or 10.6.1.</p>
<p>1. <a href="http://download137.mediafire.com/tjvmeujznmyg/myyinmzdfuz/DellMini10V_OSX86SV_RC4.app.zip">Download the new file</a><br />
2. Install it onto the main drive<br />
3. Reboot<br />
4. Open Apple software update and select 10.6.2</p>
<p>NOTE<br />
Good news!!! My new fix will work on any DELL BIOS releases from <strong>A04</strong> to <strong>A06</strong> so you can safely update your BIOS using <strong><a href="http://support.dell.com/support/downloads/driverslist.aspx?c=us&#38;cs=19&#38;l=en&#38;s=dhs&#38;ServiceTag=&#38;SystemID=INSPIRON10V&#38;os=WW1&#38;osl=en&#38;catid=&#38;impid=">Dell support page</a></strong> or if your machine is new and already running <strong>A06</strong>&#8230;You do not longer need to downgrade as I wrote in my previous tutorial.</p>
<p>Enjoy it</p>
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<title><![CDATA[How to jailbreak an iPhone running the latest firmware]]></title>
<link>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/how-to-jailbreak-an-iphone-running-the-latest-firmware/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:00:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Simone</dc:creator>
<guid>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/how-to-jailbreak-an-iphone-running-the-latest-firmware/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This is to jailbreak an iPhone 3G runnign the latest firmware, in this case 3.1.2, baseband at 5.11.]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>This is to jailbreak an iPhone 3G runnign the latest firmware, in this case 3.1.2, baseband at 5.11.07.<br />
- Trace down and download the <a href="http://xs1.iphwn.org/releases/PwnageTool_3.1.4.dmg.5122330.TPB.torrent">Pwnage tool</a>.<br />
- Download the latest iPhone <a href="http://www.felixbruns.de/iPod/firmware/">firmware</a>.<br />
- Download and install the latest <a href="http://www.apple.com/itunes/overview/?cid=OAS-US-DOMAINS-itunes.com">iTunes version</a>.<br />
- Install it and open it.<br />
- Select Expert Mode and your iPhone type.<br />
<a href="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/01.jpg"><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/01.jpg" alt="" title="01" width="655" height="576" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-567" /></a><br />
- Select the downloaded firmware<br />
<a href="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/02.jpg"><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/02.jpg" alt="" title="01" width="655" height="576" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-567" /></a><br />
- Do not modify anything in the next page and select build.<br />
<a href="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/03.jpg"><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/03.jpg" alt="" title="01" width="655" height="576" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-567" /></a><br />
- When the custom firmware is ready, you must enter you iPhone into DFU mode by clicking the DFU button and follow the instrucitons.<br />
<a href="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/04.jpg"><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/04.jpg" alt="" title="01" width="655" height="576" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-567" /></a><br />
- Your iPhone screen will go black.<br />
- With you iPhone in DFU mode and plugged into your computer, open iTunes.<br />
- The iPhone will be detected as DFU needing a restore.<br />
<a href="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/05.jpg"><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/05.jpg" alt="" title="05" width="655" height="379" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-574" /></a><br />
- Hold the <strong>option</strong> key while clicking on Restore. You are now able to choose your custom firmware.<br />
- When the restore is complete, the iPhone will reboot and jailbroken.<br />
- You can proceed by <a href="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/iphone-3g-sim-unlock-3-1-2-5-11-07/">SIM unlock</a> if needed.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Routertech-Avviare auto_defragenv.sh ad intervalli regolari]]></title>
<link>http://gorneman.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/routertech-avviare-auto_defragenv-sh-ad-intervalli-regolari/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 17:58:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gorneman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gorneman.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/routertech-avviare-auto_defragenv-sh-ad-intervalli-regolari/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Come detto in un post precedente (questo), il bootloader ADAM2 che trovate su molti modem/router (fr]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Come detto in un post precedente (<a href="http://gorneman.wordpress.com/2009/09/28/uscito-firmware-routertech-2-91-1/">questo</a>), il <a href="http://www.hwupgrade.it/forum/showthread.php?p=22260843">bootloader ADAM2</a> che trovate su molti modem/router (fra i quali <a href="http://www.hwupgrade.it/forum/showthread.php?t=827415">Dlink</a> )  è soggetto ad una frequente &#8220;deframmentazione&#8221; della env, cioè della partizione (mtd3) contenente le variabili di sistema, e questo problema può portare il modem/router in una situazione di &#8220;stallo&#8221;.</p>
<p>Per porre rimedio a questo problema il <a href="http://www.routertech.org/">team routertech</a> ha approntato nell&#8217;ultima versione del firmware (<a href="http://www.routertech.org/viewtopic.php?f=23&#38;t=2988&#38;start=0">2.91.1</a>) lo script &#8220;<a href="http://www.routertech.org/viewtopic.php?f=23&#38;t=2988">auto_defragenv.sh</a>&#8221; che controlla il livello di deframmentazione rispetto ad un valore di soglia (di default 30) e se superiore, deframmenta la env.</p>
<p>Lo script va avviato a mano (usando la schermata &#8220;Run Command&#8221;), oppure si può settare <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crontab">cron</a> in modo che avvii il controllo ad intervalli regolari.</p>
<p>Nel mio caso ho scelto di far eseguire il controllo ogni domenica alle 23.30, ed ho impostato il tutto eseguendo il comando:</p>
<p>cronjob-env.sh &#8220;auto_defragenv.sh&#38;&#8221; &#8220;30&#8243; &#8220;23&#8243; &#8220;*&#8221; &#8220;*&#8221; &#8220;0&#8243; &#8220;RT_cmd_2&#8243;</p>
<p>cronjob-env.sh crea un nuovo job nella crontab ed inoltre &#8220;associa&#8221; una variabile a questo nella env, nel mio caso ho dato il nome &#8220;RT_cmd_2&#8243;: in questo modo anche in caso di riavvii, l&#8217;impostazione rimane memorizzata.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Hackintosh: Apple Steamrolls Psystar]]></title>
<link>http://komplettie.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/hackintosh-apple-steamrolls-psystar/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 09:44:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>komplettie</dc:creator>
<guid>http://komplettie.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/hackintosh-apple-steamrolls-psystar/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Apple and Psystar’s long running legal woes have finally come to a fairly unsurprising close, with A]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Apple and Psystar’s long running legal woes have finally come to a fairly unsurprising close, with A]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[OpenSuse 11.2 is here an its runs very well on mini10v - Broadcom wifi Linux drivers]]></title>
<link>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/14/opensuse-11-2-is-here-an-its-runs-very-well-on-mini10v/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 21:42:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Simone</dc:creator>
<guid>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/14/opensuse-11-2-is-here-an-its-runs-very-well-on-mini10v/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[OpenSuse 11.2 was just released. I tested the K desktop version and it is pretty slick, fast and wor]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://software.opensuse.org/112/en"><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/suse00.png" alt="suse00" title="suse00" width="251" height="171" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-532" /></a>OpenSuse 11.2 was just released. I tested the K desktop version and it is pretty slick, fast and works almost out of the box with the Dell mini10v. I managed to modify the GRUB menu to get the dual boot capability between OS X and Suse. Similarly to Moblin I copied my boot0 file in the /boot folder and called in the chainloader from the MBR (more details on this post. hd0,0 is the MBR where GRUB is installed and hd0,3 is OpenSuse ext3 partition where my boot0 was copied! That&#8217;s it, your dual boot will work like a charm&#8230;</p>
<p><code>rootnoverify (hd0,0)<br />
makeactive<br />
chainloader (hd0,3)/boot/boot0</code></p>
<p>This is the fancy GRUB GUI, when it comes to design, Suse is something else.<br />
<img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/suse01.jpg" alt="suse01" title="suse01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-533" /></p>
<p>With Suse booted:<br />
<img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/suse02.jpg" alt="suse01" title="suse01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-533" /></p>
<p>Here are the plasma panels:<br />
<img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/suse03.jpg" alt="suse01" title="suse01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-533" /></p>
<p>Out of the box the mini10v Broadcom wifi card is detected but the proprietary driver is not activated. After several attempted, I have built my own driver that will be called in by the OS. <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?gzz1nyznuyl">Here</a> is a link to download it, it is basically PnP, all you need to do is double click on it and there you have it! At next reboot the wireless card is up and running. If you have any issue with WPA or WEP, simple disable it and enable it back, this is for the first time only.</p>
<p><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/suse04.jpg" alt="suse01" title="suse01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-533" /></p>
<p><img src="http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/suse05.jpg" alt="suse01" title="suse01" width="640" height="424" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-533" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Install Ulang GRUB Bootloader di Ubuntu-Windows Xp]]></title>
<link>http://kubaat.wordpress.com/2009/11/14/install-ulang-grub-bootloader-di-ubuntu-windows-xp/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 09:07:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kubaat</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kubaat.wordpress.com/2009/11/14/install-ulang-grub-bootloader-di-ubuntu-windows-xp/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[bagi teman2 yang suka sekali mengotak &#8211; atik dual OS (Operating System) Linux-Windows.Yaitu de]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>bagi teman2 yang suka sekali mengotak &#8211; atik dual OS (Operating System) Linux-Windows.Yaitu dengan menginstall Windows terlebih dahulu selanjutnya install Linux, dan Linux akan mengenali OS (Windows) yang sudah terlebih dahulu di-install.</p>
<div id="attachment_410" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://kubaat.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/grub4kt.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-410" title="grub4kt" src="http://kubaat.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/grub4kt.jpg" alt="Grub Boatloader" width="500" height="277" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Grub Boatloader</p></div>
<p>tetapu sewaktu &#8211; waktu mengalami kerusakan pada windows atau windows terjangkit virus yang kejam, sehingga windows tidak terselamatkan lagi alias di format, apa OS linuknya juga hilang? tidak n apa perlu kita menginstall OS ubuntu lg? tidak yaitu dengan menginstall GRUB Bootloader lg, berikut thap2 menginstall GRUB Bootloader :</p>
<p>1. rubah booting komputer anda ke CD (tekan f2 or del)<br />
2. simpan settingan bios yang sudah dirubah tersebut<br />
3. restart komputer anda but sebelum direstart masukkan cd Ubuntu Anda<br />
4. Booting lewat CD Ubuntu / live cd<br />
5. Masuk ke console/terminal (Application-&#62;Accessories-&#62;Terminal)<br />
6. ketik “sudo grub” (tanpa tanda petik)<br />
akan muncul command prompt “grub&#62;”<br />
7. ketik “find /boot/grub/stage1″ muncul informasi “hdX,Y” (X dan Y adalah nilai numeris dari device)<br />
perintah diatas untuk mengetahui dumana Ubuntu diInstall sebelumnya<br />
8 ketik “root (hdX,Y)”<br />
9. ketik “setup (hd0)”<br />
10. ketik “exit”<br />
11. restart komputer<br />
12. nikmatilah Ubuntu anda kembali, semangat &#38; good luck</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Fancy Grub]]></title>
<link>http://dark85x.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/fancy-grub/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:17:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dark85x</dc:creator>
<guid>http://dark85x.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/fancy-grub/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Da ich als KDE4 user sehr auf fancy-stuff stehe beschreib ich heute mal wie man den Grub2 bootloader]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Da ich als KDE4 user sehr auf fancy-stuff stehe beschreib ich heute mal wie man den Grub2 bootloader unter Kubuntu 9.10 etwas aufpeppen kann <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /> .</p>
<p><strong>1)</strong> Als erstes installieren wir uns das <strong>grub-splashimages </strong>package:</p>
<pre><em><strong> $ sudo apt-get install grub2-splashimage</strong></em><em><strong>s</strong></em></pre>
<p><strong>2)</strong> Als nächstes suchen wir uns in:</p>
<pre><em><strong> /usr/share/images/grub/</strong></em></pre>
<p>in diesem fall mit dem Konqueror ein <a title="Konqueror" href="http://dark85x.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/snapshot30.png" target="_blank">Bild</a> aus. Meine wahl war Moraine_Lake_17092005.</p>
<p><strong>3)</strong> Nun müssen wir das theme-script editieren:</p>
<pre><em><strong> $ sudo nano /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme</strong></em></pre>
<p>und suchen nun nach:</p>
<pre><em><strong> for i in {/boot/grub,/usr/share/images/desktop-base}/moreblue-orbit-grub.{png,tga} ; do</strong></em>

und ändern sie zu:

<em><strong> for i in {/boot/grub,/usr/share/images/desktop-base,/usr/share/images/grub}/Moraine_Lake_17092005.{png,tga} ; do</strong></em></pre>
<p>Das Bild entsprechend anpassen <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p><strong>4)</strong> Nun unkommentieren(german sucks!)(# entfernen) wir <em><strong>GRUB_GFXMODE</strong></em> in <em>/</em><em><strong>etc/default/grub</strong></em></p>
<p><strong>5)</strong> Jetzt müssen wir nurnoch Grub updaten:</p>
<pre><em><strong>$ sudo update-gru</strong></em><em><strong>b</strong></em></pre>
<p>Wenn wir jetzt folgenden Eintrag sehen können wir uns über einen aufgepeppten Grub-loader freuen! <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<pre>Found Debian background: <em><strong>Moraine_Lake_17092005.tga</strong></em></pre>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p>Hier mein neuer Grub-loader:</p>
<p><a title="fancy new grub" href="http://dark85x.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/000_0002.jpg" target="_blank"><img title="Grub splash" src="http://dark85x.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/000_0002.jpg?w=300" alt="Grub splash" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>Ich sollte vllt. noch die Schriftfarbe und die farbe des Highlightnings in <em>/</em><em><strong>boot/grub/grub.cfg</strong></em> ändern. <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Dell mini10v and Moblin V.2.1 wifi fix!]]></title>
<link>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/dell-mini10v-and-moblin-v-2-1-wifi-fix/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 22:20:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Simone</dc:creator>
<guid>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/dell-mini10v-and-moblin-v-2-1-wifi-fix/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Yes, the latest Moblin V.2.1 does not support Broadcom wifi on mini10v. Here is how to proceed to ge]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Yes, the latest Moblin V.2.1 does not support Broadcom wifi on mini10v.<br />
Here is how to proceed to get it to work right and in just few minutes&#8230;First, you will need a wired connection to the internet. Second we are going to download and install several dev-tools needed to install the Broadcom drivers that are missed from the recent Distro. Sure, you could use the Dell Ubuntu Moblin Remix but I do not like it at all and wanted to go with the real deal! </p>
<blockquote><p>
1. From Moblin, open Terminal (Applications/Accessories/Termial<br />
2. Type this command:<br />
<code>sudo yum install rpmdevtools</code><br />
type Y for yes when prompted to do so<br />
3. Type this command:<br />
<code>sudo yum groupinstall “Development Tools”</code><br />
type Y for yes when prompted to do so<br />
4. Type this command:<br />
<code>sudo yum install kernel-netbook-devel</code><br />
type Y for yes when prompted to do so<br />
5. Type this command to get the drivers:<br />
<code>wget http://slaine.org/files/moblinv2/wl-kmod-5.10.91.9.3-1.moblin.src.rpm</code><br />
6. Type this command to rebuild the driver:<br />
<code>rpmbuild --rebuild --target=i586 wl-kmod-5.10.91.9.3-1.moblin.src.rpm</code><br />
7. Install the resulting rpm by typing this:<br />
<code>sudo rpm -ivh ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/i586/wl-kmod-5.10.91.9.3-1.moblin.i586.rpm</code><br />
8. Reboot your Dell mini10v and join in your favorite hot spot!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[How to dual boot OS X and Moblin using GRUB]]></title>
<link>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/how-to-dual-boot-os-x-and-moblin-using-grub/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 20:10:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Simone</dc:creator>
<guid>http://osx86sv.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/how-to-dual-boot-os-x-and-moblin-using-grub/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[To all the people out there that loves Moblin as much as I do, here is a quick guide on how to dual ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>To all the people out there that loves Moblin as much as I do, here is a quick guide on how to dual boot OS X and Moblin without having to go too far from simple text files editing&#8230;</p>
<p><em>If you are starting from scratch with your PC system, here the proper order;</em></p>
<p>1. Install OS X (in my case is 10.6) leaving a 15GB partition as FREE SPACE. I am assuming you are using Chaeleon RC3 as bootloader.<br />
2. Install Moblin (in my case V.2.1) using the 15GB as 14GB ext3 (make sure is at boot is in the root &#8220;/&#8221; ) and 1GB as Linux swap.<br />
3. Boot into Moblin for the very first time and go to terminal (Accessories/Terminal)<br />
4. Type this code to modify your GRUB (your bootloader):<br />
<code>sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf</code><br />
5. Enter your password and gedit will open in a new <strong>zone</strong>&#8230;I love it!<br />
6. At this point you will able to read all the available entries. Delete the call-outs for <code>silent boot and hidden menu</code> located after the default and timeout. Set the timeout to 6, this gives you time to select before boot the default entry, which you can also modify 0,1,2&#8230;<br />
7. Probably, the only one available entry is Moblin, you can now add you OS X entry right below it leaving a space. My new entry looks like this:<br />
<code>title Mac OS X (10.6 Snow Leopard)<br />
rootnoverify (hd0,0)<br />
makeactive<br />
chainloader (hd0,2)/boot/boot0</code><br />
Lets break it down it for added understanding: hd0,0 is my main disk, first partition. hd0,2 is my third partition where Moblin calls home the system files.<br />
8. Save the file.<br />
9, Reboot using a Chameleon USB pen drive. Make one in less than 3 minute by formatting the USB with a GUID partition table and installing Chameleon in it. Select your OS X partition and this will boot into OS X.<br />
10. From terminal run this command replacing X ad Y with your OS X disk details, you can get them from Disk Utility (right click on the HD and get info):<br />
<code>dd if=boot1h of=rdiskXsY)</code><br />
11. Copy your boot0 from the bootable USB to a new FAT formatted USB pen drive.<br />
12. Boot into Moblin and copy your boot0 from the FAT USB drive into your temp folder. You will achieve this by copy and paste the file.<br />
13. From terminal run this line to move the file:<br />
<code>sudo mv /temp/boot0 /boot</code><br />
You boot0 is not under /boot and you are done!<br />
14. Reboot and start OS X from GRUB by selecting it from the boot menu</p>
<blockquote><p>
NOTE<br />
My disk/partition structure:<br />
hd(0,0) FAT32 (Chameleon bootloader)<br />
hd(0,1) Mac OSX extended GUID (OS X 10.6)<br />
hd(0,2) ext3 (Moblin v.2.1)<br />
hd(0,3) Linux swap (swap space for Moblin)
</p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[#twatch network firmware upgrades]]></title>
<link>http://dangerousprototypes.com/2009/11/07/twatch-network-firmware-upgrades/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 08:40:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Ian</dc:creator>
<guid>http://dangerousprototypes.com/2009/11/07/twatch-network-firmware-upgrades/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The #twatch can be updated from a PC on the local network thanks to Microchip&#8217;s network bootlo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img title="bootload" src="http://wherelabs.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/bootload.jpg" alt="bootload" width="450" height="255" /></p>
<p>The <a href="http://dangerousprototypes.com/twatch-manual/">#twatch</a> can be updated from a PC on the local network thanks to Microchip&#8217;s network <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_loader#Boot_loader">bootloader</a>. Bug fix updates, new features, and alternate functions can be programmed into the #twatch using the bootloader. The 18F ethernet PICs can only be programmed an average of 100 times, so upgrades are somewhat limited.</p>
<p>This guide is taken from the main <a href="http://dangerousprototypes.com/2009/09/10/prototype-twitter-watcher-the-twatch/">#twatch article</a>. Read about the update procedure after the break.</p>
<p><!--more-->If you&#8217;re using a brand new chip you&#8217;ll need to program the bootloader into the PIC18F67J60 through the ICSP header, then you can upload the #twatch firmware over the network. Program <em>twatchv2-bl-vxx.HEX</em> into the chip with a PIC programmer like an <a href="http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&#38;nodeId=1406&#38;dDocName=en010046">ICD2</a> or <a href="http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&#38;nodeId=1406&#38;dDocName=en010046">PicKit</a>.</p>
<p><img title="bootloader-pin" src="http://wherelabs.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/bootloader-pin.jpg" alt="bootloader-pin" width="450" height="220" /></p>
<p>When the #twatch powers on, the bootloader runs before the main program starts. The bootloader checks for a connection between the PGD and PGC pins of the programming header, shown in the image above. If it finds a connection, the bootloader takes over and waits for new firmware to be uploaded.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s a very minor chance that the bootloader will accidentally start even without a jumper between the PGC and PGD pins. This won&#8217;t damage the #twatch, just disconnect the power supply and try again. Accidental bootloader entry can be prevented by moving the jumper over one position so it connects the PGD and GND pins.</p>
<p><img title="bootload" src="http://wherelabs.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/bootload.png" alt="bootload" width="470" height="95" /></p>
<p>The #twatch bootloader uses the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address">IP address</a> 192.168.1.123 and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork#Binary_subnet_masks">subnet mask</a> 255.255.255.0. Your computer must also have an IP address that begins with 192.168.1.xxx to communicate with the #twatch. We chose the 192.168.1.xxx range because it&#8217;s a common default for home networks. If your computer uses another IP address range, you&#8217;ll need to temporarily adjust it before you can do the update.</p>
<p>How to upgrade:</p>
<ol>
<li>Ensure your PC is in the same IP range and subnet as the #twatch. Your PC should have an IP address in the range 192.168.1.xxx, and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The default #twatch bootloader IP address is 192.168.1.123, make sure that no other computer connected to the same router already uses this address.</li>
<li>Unplug the #twatch power supply.</li>
<li>Put a jumper between the PGC and PGD pins.</li>
<li>Plug in the network cable, if necessary, and plug in the power supply. The screen may be blank, have solid blocks, or garbage.</li>
<li>Use a TFTP utility to send the new firmware to the #twatch IP address, we use TFTP.exe from the Windows command line.</li>
<li>The TFTP update reports success or error.</li>
<li>Unplug the power supply, remove the update jumper.</li>
<li>Plug the power supply back in. The #twatch should start scrolling tweets. If the bootloader starts instead, put a jumper between the PGD and GND pins and try again.</li>
</ol>
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<title><![CDATA[Basic Bootup Teardown]]></title>
<link>http://joshuabailey1997.wordpress.com/2009/10/30/basic-bootup-teardown/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 21:39:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>iHacker</dc:creator>
<guid>http://joshuabailey1997.wordpress.com/2009/10/30/basic-bootup-teardown/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Have you ever wondered what goes on during a bootup? What really happens behind that crappy old wind]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Have you ever wondered what goes on during a bootup? What really happens behind that crappy old windows logo? Here&#8217;s my basic teardown of a bootup.</p>
<p>First things first, a computer does not just magically turn on. There is alot of executing and pulling data from RAM that has to be done in a suitable amount of time. The operations that take place upon bootup are called a boot sequence. </p>
<p>During a bootup there are certain files that do this and certain files that do that. The most important of these files are the bootloaders. The bootloaders load the main OS (Operating System). The second stage bootloaders do things like load drivers and finish loading the OS. Bootloaders are a must since CPU&#8217;s cannot immdediately execute program code found in ROM or RAM. </p>
<p>Now you know what loads the Operating System. There are still more operations taking place during a bootup. A BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) checks devices (I.E Video Card, HDD) to make sure they are compatible and can boot with the system. If it is not bootable it will not be loaded and not be active preceeding bootup. </p>
<p>A Signature Check check everything during bootup to make sure it is secure (I.E Not containg any unsigned code).  </p>
<p>This is a really basic teardown. I try to make my posts as simple as possible.        </p>
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<title><![CDATA[How I installed OS X 10.6 on my Hackintosh]]></title>
<link>http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/install-snow-leopard-hackintosh/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:46:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rgwoehr</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/install-snow-leopard-hackintosh/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Introduction: This worked for me, but I was upgrading a 10.5.7 Leopard installation. I would think t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Introduction:</strong></p>
<p>This worked for me, but I was upgrading a 10.5.7 Leopard installation. I would think this would work the same for a clean install, but you&#8217;ll be the first to know. This guide assumes that you know what a KEXT file is and which ones you need for your hardware. If you break your computer, its not my fault so don&#8217;t blame me. Now that I got that out of the way, heres how I got Snow Leopard working.</p>
<p><strong>Things You&#8217;ll Need:</strong></p>
<p>-Blank DVD</p>
<p>-Internet (I would hope you have an internet connection if you&#8217;re reading this&#8230;)</p>
<p>-A copy of Mac OS X Snow Leopard, the $30 upgrade disc should work even for a clean install</p>
<p>-An Intel Core2 Duo/Quad</p>
<p>-A computer</p>
<p>-An Asus P5KPL-AM SE Motherboard (this guide may work for others though).</p>
<p>-An Insanelymac.com account would help if you need to get KEXTs for your hardware.</p>
<p><strong>Steps:</strong></p>
<p>1. Download Psystar&#8217;s Rebel EFI free trial, and burn it to a disc</p>
<p>http://store.psystar.com/featured/rebel-efi-preview.html?SID=ceefd8ieht1gu7nshgl15kn0l4</p>
<p>2. Boot from the Rebel EFI DVD, select &#8220;Install Mac OS X&#8221; and when it ejects the dvd, take it out and insert the Snow Leopard DVD</p>
<p>3. Install Snow Leopard. You may need to reformat your hard drive if it isn&#8217;t using the &#8220;GUID&#8221; partition table. To do this, go to the Utilities menu, and open Disk Utility. Click the hard drive you want to install to, and click partition. <img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-51" title="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 4.49.25 PM" src="http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/screen-shot-2009-10-27-at-4-49-25-pm.png" alt="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 4.49.25 PM" width="497" height="436" /></p>
<p>Click the partitions menu.</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-52" title="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 4.49.36 PM" src="http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/screen-shot-2009-10-27-at-4-49-36-pm.png?w=255" alt="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 4.49.36 PM" width="255" height="300" /></p>
<p>Select the number of partitions you want, then click the Options button. Select the &#8220;GUID Partition Table.&#8221;</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-54" title="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 4.50.06 PM" src="http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/screen-shot-2009-10-27-at-4-50-06-pm.png?w=300" alt="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 4.50.06 PM" width="300" height="231" /></p>
<p>Click OK, then click apply.</p>
<p>4. Enjoy waiting forever for OS X to install, it takes about 40 minutes if I remember correctly.</p>
<p>5. It will probably say the install failed when theres like 1 minute left, thats OK, just click restart.</p>
<p>6. Once the computer restarts, eject the Snow Leopard DVD and put Rebel EFI back in.</p>
<p>7. This time, select the hard drive you installed OS X to and press enter.</p>
<p>8. The first boot will take a little while, just be patient and when it finally starts up, go through the setup process (you don&#8217;t have to put in your address and phone number and all that, I skipped it).</p>
<p>9. LAN should work out of the box with the Rebel EFI disc, so download any KEXTs you need and download the myHack bootloader from here: http://osx86.sojugarden.com/downloads/.</p>
<p>10. Install the KEXTs you need for your hardware with &#8220;Kext Helper b7,&#8221; and restart the computer. For LAN, install the r1000.kext. (The bootloader should have all the KEXTs needed to at least get it running without Rebel EFI. I&#8217;m not sure which KEXTs are needed for the sound, I just took all the ones I used in my Leopard installation.)</p>
<p>11. (If you use the onboard LAN and sound) When you get to the bootloader, press space. and then type &#8220;-x32&#8243; without quotes and press enter. This makes Snow Leopard boot in 32-bit mode, this is the only way I could get the onboard LAN and sound to work.</p>
<p>12. Now, we&#8217;ll get the video card working properly.</p>
<p>Download &#8220;EFI Studio,&#8221; and run it.</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-55" title="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 5.21.48 PM" src="http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/screen-shot-2009-10-27-at-5-21-48-pm.png?w=300" alt="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 5.21.48 PM" width="300" height="218" /></p>
<p>Select your video card from the list. If its not there, you&#8217;ll have to figure it out yourself. (If you have an nVidia GeForce 9800GTX+ 512MB like me, you&#8217;ll have to select the GeForce 8600GTS 512MB. I don&#8217;t think it will affect performance, it just won&#8217;t see it as a 9800.)</p>
<p>Click &#8220;Add Device,&#8221; and copy the code from the bottom half of the following window:</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-56" title="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 5.22.16 PM" src="http://rgwoehr.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/screen-shot-2009-10-27-at-5-22-16-pm.png?w=300" alt="Screen shot 2009-10-27 at 5.22.16 PM" width="300" height="258" /></p>
<p>Go to /Extra, and open com.apple.Boot.plist in TextEdit. type this at the end of all the crap in there:</p>
<p>&#60;key&#62;device_properties&#60;/key&#62;</p>
<p>&#60;string&#62;[Insert code from EFI Studio here]&#60;/string&#62;</p>
<p>To get the bootloader at the resolution you want, type this under what you just added:</p>
<p>&#60;key&#62;Graphics Mode&#60;/key&#62;</p>
<p>&#60;string&#62;[Your resolution here]x32&#60;/string&#62;</p>
<p>13. Reboot the computer, and everything should be working. (If the computer doesn&#8217;t restart itself, download &#8220;openhaltrestart.kext&#8221; from somewhere and install that the same way you installed the KEXTs earlier.</p>
<p>Now that was a real pain in the ass wasn&#8217;t it? Much cheaper than a real Mac though, and it should work almost as good. Snow Leopard has been really stable and fast for me for the past week that I&#8217;ve had it. If you need any more help, feel free to comment and I&#8217;ll do my best to help you.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Ubuntu and Linux beat Windows to Death]]></title>
<link>http://sigonasr2.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/ubuntu-and-linux-beat-windows-to-death/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 08:02:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>sigonasr2</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sigonasr2.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/ubuntu-and-linux-beat-windows-to-death/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I couldn&#8217;t think of a more nicer title for this post, so basically you know what this is about]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I couldn&#8217;t think of a more nicer title for this post, so basically you know what this is about. Me <strong>bashing</strong> Windows and <strong>praising</strong> Ubuntu.</p>
<p>What is my case you may ask?</p>
<p>It all started on Saturday when I was thinking about how I could use Ubuntu to my advantage and I remembered a long time ago (I believe 2 or 3 years ago?) I tried it once but after a few weeks I switched back. I was reading some of my old blog posts and came upon my Linux tips. Then I started thinking you know, Linux is actually amazing. So I got out my <strong>Ubuntu 9.04</strong> disk and installed the system onto my computer. Now, I still had my Windows XP installation with the <strong>GRUB</strong> bootloader when I came across a problem. I put Ubuntu on the <strong>Largest Continuous Free Space</strong> on my hard drive, which was 2.4 GB&#8230;Just enough for an install of Ubuntu. I realized this when I tried to install the updates and it said I had 216 MB of hard disk space left, not enough to update. Then I knew I was in trouble. What could I do? I thought. I got <strong>gparted</strong> and tried to edit the partition when I came across, heh funny thing, a triangle icon with an exclamation point inside of it. This meant it couldn&#8217;t be resized and had to be formatted. Great, so now what? I tried to get it checked with CHKDISK (I believe that&#8217;s the program, too bad if I&#8217;m wrong!) and when it finished the exclamation point went away in <strong>gparted. </strong>So I thought yes! I can change it now, right? Wrong. <strong>It just gave me an error message</strong> and eventually leading me to just deleting the partition.</p>
<p>So now I put Ubuntu on with 80GB, and the other 50GB goes to Windows XP. So now that that was out of the way there was another problem. <strong>GRUB disappeared!</strong> Huh? I installed Ubuntu first and then Windows XP. So then I thought about trying to be smart. Maybe I can edit the <strong>Windows bootloader!</strong> So I go in there, set it so that it boots to partition 1, remove the ugly windows stuff, and try it and&#8230;..<strong>FAIL</strong>. So now what&#8230;.? It failed. I brought out my <strong>Ubuntu Live CD</strong>, popped it in, and accessed my ext3 filesystem drive with ubuntu. Hooray! I have access to it! I looked up how to get GRUB installed <strong>using Linux Live CD. </strong>Since it came with the wireless driver, no worries about having to deal with that. So I reinstalled GRUB by itself, I changed the <strong>GRUB Bootloader file</strong> and tada! I had a working bootloader again that was GRUB and booted into Linux and Windows XP. After that I simply said, Screw Windows! You can&#8217;t do anything Linux can do!</p>
<p>And that is so true. Think about it&#8230;. <strong>Linux can do anything Windows can do</strong>, but Windows can&#8217;t do everything Linux can do? Eh&#8230;Maybe Microsoft should learn something from this. So guess what Microsoft? <strong>I&#8217;m a Ubuntu freak now!</strong> For real though.</p>
<p>So why is this time different? Well you see, I finally realized how much <strong>more I can do with Linux</strong> than with Windows. I am still able to do my daily things, I am still able to play my games I like, and I get to do all this in lovely Linux. Who cares if I have lost some of the high-awesome graphics games? I don&#8217;t play games all my life, sheesh. I like to make practical use of my life. So what did I do once Linux got installed? (Jeeze, lots of questions today, right?)</p>
<p>I started putting stuff on there, I backed up about 3GB of my stuff I needed to keep, installed <strong>Diablo 2 </strong>and <strong>Diablo 2 MedianXL</strong> on there, and they work perfectly fine with Wine. Then I tried Game Maker, and boy was that fun to deal with. You see, I&#8217;ve been using Game Maker for about 5 years now, and if I didn&#8217;t have this, as you know with the <strong>Z-Gamers V.3</strong> website, I would be saddened alot because I wouldn&#8217;t be able to use Linux all the time now. But guess what? I got it working under <strong>Virtualbox Windows XP installation!</strong> Awesomeness! There are three catches to it, but they are minor:<br />
1) I have to import a mouse cursor so that I know where the real position is if it is offset.<br />
2) There are no sounds. But that&#8217;s not hard to add in because you just play them&#8230;.And that&#8217;s it! I could go on XP for 2 seconds if I needed to verify if it worked or not.<br />
3)Games must not be 3D and must be tested in fullscreen. No 3D may be a big deal, but here&#8217;s my plan for FF3D. Most of the stuff I have to develop is through code. I develop all my code, just run it on Linux to make sure no errors occur, and LATER deal with the 3D coding if there are problems. I think I am <strong>so fluent in GML coding</strong> and trust my abilities with it that I will not need to test every little aspect of it to know it is working. In fact, I found out you can test stuff in 2D mode, and then just activate 3D mode with the models and 3D drawing once you get on Windows XP. And fullscreen? No big deal, just aligns stuff. Again, <strong>number 1 with the mouse cursor</strong> makes sure it is not off center.</p>
<p>So what else do I love about Ubuntu? I can access my server directly from the OS&#8230;.awesome.<br />
I can install packages right on the fly and have new programs&#8230;.Awesome.<br />
Starting to learn Java Object-Oriented Programming&#8230;.Awesome also.<br />
Improving my Bash programming skills&#8230;.Awesome.<br />
Learning new things about Ubuntu everyday&#8230;.Great!<br />
Able to do alot more than with Windows and still do everything I did with Windows&#8230;<strong>EPIC</strong>.</p>
<p>I have to say&#8230;.I just <strong>LOVE</strong> Ubuntu now. I just can&#8217;t stop now&#8230;I haven&#8217;t logged on XP since that epic failure described above&#8230;I do not wish to go back unless I have a super problem, which is fixable with Linux of course and not Windows <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_razz.gif' alt=':P' class='wp-smiley' /> . I guess that is about it.</p>
<p><strong>Continue to support us on </strong><a href="http://z-gamers.net"><strong>http://z-gamers.net</strong></a><strong>! </strong>Read my previous blog post for more info on donating to our server!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Scrivere un sistema operativo in C]]></title>
<link>http://albertobr.wordpress.com/?p=11</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 24 Oct 2009 16:26:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>albertobr</dc:creator>
<guid>http://albertobr.wordpress.com/?p=11</guid>
<description><![CDATA[La nostra missione Compilare ed avviare un Sistema Operativo di base che mostri a video il classico ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h2>La nostra missione</h2>
<p>Compilare ed avviare un Sistema Operativo di base che mostri a video il classico &#8220;Hello World!&#8221;. Fatto questo cercheremo di scrivere un driver per gestire la visualizzazione a schermo di lettere, numeri, colori e così via&#8230;</p>
<p>Prima di scegliere un compilatore adatto dobbiamo fare alcune scelte strategiche sul tipo di sistema operativo che vogliamo creare:</p>
<ol>
<li>Architettura: su quale architettura girerà il nostro sistema?</li>
<li>Formato eseguibili: quale formato eseguibile utilizzerà il nostro sistema?</li>
</ol>
<p>Per questo esempio utilizzeremo un comune PC (<strong>i386</strong> per intenderci) e il formato eseguibile <strong>ELF</strong> (<a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_linkable_format" target="_blank">Executable and linkable format</a>).</p>
<p>Armatevi di buona pazienza e procuratevi una macchina per i test (anche virtuale&#8230;)</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<h2>Primo passo: un programma che crea un altro programma, il compilatore</h2>
<p>Il compilatore è un programma che &#8220;traduce&#8221; il codice sorgente scritto dal programmatore in codice macchina comprensibile al computer. In questo esempio si è scelto di utilizzare solo sistemi open source, quindi imposteremo l&#8217;ambiente di sviluppo seguendo questo criterio. Procuratevi un ambiente UNIX, Linux và benissimo, qualsiasi distribuzione. Per testare questo codice abbiamo ad esempio utilizzato <a href="http://www.debian.org">Debian</a>. Per compilare avremo bisogno di questi due pacchetti:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/gnu/binutils-2.7.tar.gz">binutils-2.7</a> utility binarie</li>
<li><a href="ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/gnu/gcc-2.7.2.3.tar.gz">gcc-2.7.2.3</a> compilatore di C e C++</li>
</ul>
<h2>Secondo passo: avviare il sistema operativo, il bootloader</h2>
<p>Dobbiamo scegliere come si avvierà il nostro sistema operativo. Se da Floppy, USB, CD, oppure via rete&#8230; In questo caso non scriveremo un Bootloader da zero, anche perchè ne esistono molti già pronti per l&#8217;uso e il tema Bootloader non è  lo scopo di questo articolo. In particolare utilizzeremo una piccola utility per UNIX chiamata bootmaker, di cui vi allego il sorgente:</p>
<ul>
<li>Utility <a href="http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigops/roll_your_own/code/util.tar.gz">BOOTMAKER </a> &#8211; dovete compilarlo prima di usarlo <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> </li>
</ul>
<h2>Terzo passo: la compilazione e l&#8217;entry point</h2>
<p>Nella programmazione delle applicazioni sappiamo che la funzione main() è normalmente descritta come la prima funzione che viene eseguita. In realtà la prima funzione in assoluto ad essere eseguita è una funzione chiamata _start(), ed è tipicamente definita come crt1.0. Questa funzione prepara l&#8217;ambiente di esecuzione, apre i default descriptors, e chiama la funzione main() dell&#8217;appricazione. Tutto questo per dire che nella scrittura di un vostro sistema operativo dovete dimenticarvi di tutto questo&#8230; Non c&#8217;è nessuna funzione crt1.0 (per ora), semplicemente perchè nessuno l&#8217;ha scritta per voi. Quindi dovrete provvedere personalmente alla scrittura di questa funzione _start().</p>
<p>Nel primo file caricato, il nostro bootloader si aspetta una dichiarazione di _start simile alla seguente:</p>
<pre><code>void _start(int memSize,  /* total amount of memory
                             installed in bytes */
            char *parms,  /* ASCII string typed
                             at the boot prompt */
            struct boot_dir *loadedfiles);

</code></pre>
<p>L&#8217;ultimo parametro, <em>loadedfiles</em>, è una struttura del tipo <em>boot_dir</em> contenente un array di file che verranno poi processati dal bootloader.</p>
<p>Dovrete compilare il vostro <em>kernel </em>in formato ELF. Il <em>kernel </em>grezzo sarà sempre caricato al punto 0&#215;100000 (1MB),  per questo la posizione del testo e dei dati nel file dovranno coincidere con la loro posizione nella memoria. Per ELF, specificando l&#8217;opzione &#8216;-dN -Ttext 0&#215;100080&#8242; è possibile assegnare lo spazio ai simboli comuni nel file, estrarre il testo e i dati, e avviare il segmento del testo immediatamente dopo l&#8217;intestazione.</p>
<p>Tutte queste opzioni sono definite nel Makefile principale, un file che il compilatore utilizza come indice durante la compilazione e che contiene tutte le informazioni su come <em>realizzare</em> l&#8217;assembly finale.</p>
<p>Ecco un esempio del nostro Makefile:</p>
<pre><code># NOTA: Usare gmake per compilare il file</code>
<code>
PRE = /develop/xdev/bin/
GCC = $(PRE)gcc386
G++ = $(PRE)g++386
LD = $(PRE)ld386

OBJS = main.o
KERNELFN = kernel.elf

$(KERNELFN): $(OBJS)
	$(LD) -o $@ $(OBJS) -dN -Ttext 0x101080 

.cc.o:
	$(G++) -O -I. -c -o $@ $&#60; 

.cc.s:
	$(G++) -O -I. -S -o $@ $&#60;

.c.o:
	$(GCC) -O -I. -c -o $@ $&#60; 

.c.s:
	$(GCC) -O -I. -S -o $@ $&#60;

.S.o:
	$(GCC) -c -o $@ $&#60;

clean:
	rm $(OBJS) $(KERNELFN)</code></pre>
<h2>Quarto passo: il codice sorgente</h2>
<p>Veniamo ora al cuore del nostro sistema operativo, il codice sorgente. Vediamo come strutturare il file principale: <span style="text-decoration:underline;">main.c</span> che vi allego alla fine insieme a tutti gli altri file necessari. Analizzando questo file voglio soffermarmi su questi due aspetti:</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>char *vidmem = (char *) 0xb8000:</strong> è la posizione mappata per la memoria video (a colori <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> ). Quindi ogni carattere della scritta &#8220;Hello World&#8221; verrà seguito da un&#8217;altro carattere &#8220;ox7&#8243; il quale indica che il carattere precedente deve essere scritto bianco su nero.</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>asm(&#8220;hlt&#8221;):</strong> è il comando che invoca il comando <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly" target="_blank">assembler </a>HALT, ovvero spegne il computer.</p>
<p>Adesso che il vostro file <span style="text-decoration:underline;">main.c</span> è pronto potete compilarlo tramite il comando <em>./make</em></p>
<p>Per generare un&#8217;immagine avviabile fare riferimento al file <span style="text-decoration:underline;">helloworld.ini</span></p>
<p>Avviate il vostro sistema operativo!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[[Linux] Sécuriser GRUB]]></title>
<link>http://lebricabrac.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/linux-securiser-grub/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 17:29:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Nassim</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lebricabrac.wordpress.com/2009/10/20/linux-securiser-grub/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Les cours s&#8217;enchainent de manière soutenue et ils sont de plus en plus intéressants. Il faut d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-155" title="pc-security" src="http://lebricabrac.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/pc-security.jpg" alt="pc-security" width="350" height="233" /></p>
<p>Les cours s&#8217;enchainent de manière soutenue et ils sont de plus en plus intéressants. Il faut dire que certains de nos profs sont des pointures dans le domaine du libre, je pense notamment à Lucas Nussbaum qui est un développeur Debian (mainteneur officiel des packages de Perl sous Debian et Ubuntu) ainsi que Laurent Vallar qui est membre de la team <a href="http://www.linuxfr.org" target="_blank">Linuxfr.org</a>.</p>
<p>Aujourd&#8217;hui on a eu droit en cours à une petite parenthèse au sujet de la sécurité de GRUB, Mr Nussbaum nous a montré comme il était facile d&#8217;exploiter GRUB dans sa configuration par défaut pour avoir accès à un système sans mot de passe root ni compte utilisateur.</p>
<p>La méthode qui nous a été décrite est affreusement simple du moment qu&#8217;on n&#8217;a accès physique à la machine, il suffit lors de l&#8217;affichage du menu de sélection de GRUB de sélectionner l&#8217;entrée de la distribution Linux puis de taper &#8220;e&#8221; pour éditer cette entrée, on ajouter à la fin de la ligne débutant par<strong> kernel </strong>la commande suivante :</p>
<blockquote><p>init=/bin/bash</p></blockquote>
<p>Attention à bien laisser un espace entre le texte déjà présent dans la ligne et ce qu&#8217;on y ajoute. Il ne faut pas que cela soit coller !</p>
<p>Une fois cette modification faite, on valide en tapant sur &#8220;Entrée&#8221; puis on boot en pressant la touche &#8220;b&#8221;. Et là miracle, au bout de quelques seconde on arrive sur un shell bash tout beau sans qu&#8217;aucune identification ne soit requise. A partir de là on peut imaginer effectuer tout un tas d&#8217;action comme modifier le mot de passe d&#8217;un utilisateur à l&#8217;aide de la commande <strong>passwd</strong>. <span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Notez d&#8217;ailleurs que cette technique est parfaitement utilisable quand vous avez oublié votre mot de passe root par exemple</strong></span>.</p>
<p>Maintenant voyons comment améliorer la sécurité de notre GRUB et du PC de manière générale :</p>
<ol>
<li>Mettre un mot de passe au BIOS pour éviter les modifications de celui-ci.</li>
<li>Modifier les séquences de boot de façon à ce que la machine ne boot que sur le disque dur, pensez pour cela à complètement désactiver les autres périphériques de boot car se contenter de mettre le disque dur en première position dans la séquence de boot ne suffit pas, un hacker peut très  bien sélectionner un autre périphérique de boot avec certains raccourcis comme F2, F10 ou F12 (tout dépend du matériel).</li>
<li>Mettre un cadenas au chassie du PC (ou l&#8217;enfermer dans une case du bureau) pour empêcher un accès à l&#8217;intérieur de la machine.</li>
<li>Protéger GRUB à l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un mot de passe :</li>
</ol>
<p>Pour mettre un mot de passe à grub il va tout débord falloir générer un hash md5 du mot de passe que vous désirez utiliser, pour cela il faut passer par l&#8217;utilitaire <strong>grub-md5-crypt</strong> :</p>
<blockquote><p>[nassim@Laptop_Nassim ~]$ grub-md5-crypt<br />
Password:<br />
Retype password:<br />
<span style="color:#008000;">$1$XF1ZG/$Hry.mmJjvlJ1DeH4/4EG9</span>.</p></blockquote>
<p>La chaine de caractère en vert est votre mot de passe en crypté, vous devez le copier. Il ne reste plus qu&#8217;à éditer le fichier <strong>menu.lst</strong> de Grub et y insérer la ligne suivante au niveau des configurations générales (et non à la fin du fichier) :</p>
<blockquote><p>password &#8211;md5 <span style="color:#008000;">MotDePasseCrypté</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Pour activer la protection des différentes entrées de Grub, il faut modifier chaque entrée du <strong>menu.lst</strong> en ajoutant le terme <strong>lock </strong>en dessous de leur titre, comme dans cet exemple :</p>
<blockquote><p># (0) Arch Linux<br />
title  Arch Linux<br />
<span style="color:#008000;">lock</span><br />
root   (hd0,5)<br />
kernel /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/af698b50-2fab-4465-9e75-94de78fca8b2 ro vga=792<br />
initrd /boot/kernel26.img</p></blockquote>
<p>Voilà, désormais lors du lancement de grub vous ne pourrez ni éditer ni lancer une entrée (démarrer Linux) dans avoir pressé la touche &#8220;p&#8221; puis avoir saisi votre mot de passe.</p>
<p>J&#8217;avoue Personnellement, je trouve que cette protection n&#8217;est pas très pratique, cela devient vite fatiguant de devoir saisir son mot  de passe à chaque démarrage, je recommande donc cette manipulation uniquement pour les machines qui nécessites réellement un soin très particulier en terme de sécurisation (serveur, ordinateur ayant des données sensibles&#8230;etc).</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Script bootloader windows pada Grub 1.96 Ubuntu 9.04]]></title>
<link>http://harisonly.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/script-bootloader-windows-pada-grub-1-96-ubuntu-9-04/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 05:33:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>harisonly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://harisonly.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/script-bootloader-windows-pada-grub-1-96-ubuntu-9-04/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Booting OS Microsoft Windows yang boot-nya telah terganti oleh Grub Bootloader Linux Ubuntu sangatla]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Booting OS Microsoft Windows yang boot-nya telah terganti oleh Grub Bootloader Linux Ubuntu sangatla]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Mengembalikan bootloader grub 1.96 Ubuntu 9.04]]></title>
<link>http://harisonly.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/mengembalikan-bootloader-grub-1-96-ubuntu-9-04/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 02:36:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>harisonly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://harisonly.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/mengembalikan-bootloader-grub-1-96-ubuntu-9-04/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Kehilangan bootloader dikarenakan penginstalan dualboot Operating System yang berbeda sudah sangat s]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Kehilangan bootloader dikarenakan penginstalan dualboot Operating System yang berbeda sudah sangat s]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Windows Eats Grub]]></title>
<link>http://halfclosed.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/windows-eats-grub/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:20:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>emaad</dc:creator>
<guid>http://halfclosed.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/windows-eats-grub/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This is a common problem that surfaces when you install a Windows OS after you install Ubuntu; Windo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[This is a common problem that surfaces when you install a Windows OS after you install Ubuntu; Windo]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Change Background Image in GRUB through command line]]></title>
<link>http://sysbytes.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/change-background-image-in-grub-through-command-line/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 13:04:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Manu Gupta</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sysbytes.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/change-background-image-in-grub-through-command-line/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It is actually very simple to change the grub background image in LINUX and edit the grub and put it]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>It is actually very simple to change the grub background image in LINUX and edit the grub and put it over there however there are a few ground rules we need to remember .</p>
<ul>
<blockquote>
<li>It should be a xpm image with just 14 colours in it ( that is sadist but thats the way it is)</li>
<li>It should be a 640 x 480</li>
<li>Gzip it</li>
</blockquote>
</ul>
<p>Now going step by step walk through how to change the background through your terminal</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Once you have gzipped your image copy it into your /boot/grub/
<ul>
<li> sudo cp -v source /boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Login as root
<ul>
<li>sudo -i</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Use a text editor gedit or vi
<ul>
<li>gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst ( I prefer vim wirte now)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Now you will find something known as #pretty colors</li>
<li>Under that splashimage=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz where X is your hard disk no  and Y refers to the parition in my case it is(hd0,6)</li>
<li>Save it and exit</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>You are done&#8230; Cheers</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Khái niệm JAILBREAK, ACTIVATION,UNLOCKING, BASEBAND, BOOTLOADER và FIRMWARE]]></title>
<link>http://hoangxhieu.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/khai-ni%e1%bb%87m-jailbreak-activationunlocking-baseband-bootloader-va-firmware/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2009 14:35:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>hoangxhieu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hoangxhieu.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/khai-ni%e1%bb%87m-jailbreak-activationunlocking-baseband-bootloader-va-firmware/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Chào các bạn! Tôi là người mới sử dụng iphone, chẳng biết gì nhiều. Mới đây may được ke_da_tinh17171]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Chào các bạn!</p>
<p>Tôi là người mới sử dụng iphone, chẳng biết gì nhiều. Mới đây may được ke_da_tinh171717 giúp đỡ tận tình mới đưa được con iphone lên 1.1.4 ngon lành. Thế nhưng tôi cùng chưa hiểu hết ngọn ngành iphone ra sao . Có làm gì thì cũng chỉ có theo hướng dẫn của các bạn mà làm theo chứ không hiểu gì. Bởi vậy rất mong muốn tìm hiểu iphone từ nhưng cái căn bản nhất. Bài dưới đây là tôi lược dịch theo nguồn http://www.hackint0sh.org/forum/showthread.php?t=32703<br />
mong muốn chia sẻ với những người mới sử dụng giống như tôi kiến thức, khái niệm căn bản. Nếu có gì sai sót, các bạn vui lòng góp ý. Thanks</p>
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<p>KHÁI NIỆM JAILBREAK, ACTIVATION và UNLOCKING</p>
<p>JAILBREAK là gì?</p>
<p>JAIL Break là bước đầu tiên trong quá trình hacking iphone.Khi mà iphone ở trong tình trạng nguyên bản từ nhà máy ra thì các file hệ thống của nó được bảo vệ rât tốt. Để đơn giản hơn, hãy tưởng tượng iphone là một cái xe ô tô . Apple muốn bạn ngồi sau xe, và đây là nơi mà bạn thưởng thức nhạc, video, wallpaper hay là photos. Apple hài lòng khi để bạn ngồi ghế sau của xe, đưa bạn chạy lòng vòng trên con đường mang tên AT&#38;T. Nhưng bây giờ bạn muốn lái xe thì sao?<br />
Những con iphone của chúng ta được ví giống như xe thùng của cảnh sát. Ngăn cách giữa ghế sau và ghế trước là một cánh cửa thép to lớn và nặng trịch. Làm thế nào để vượt qua được cánh cửa này? Lúc này là lúc chúng ta cần đến JAILBREAK. JAILBREAK là một quá trình đưa bạn ra khỏi hàng ghế sau, lên ghế trước nơi mà bạn có thể cầm vô lăng, đạp pedal, điều khiển radio, còi xe..vv. Khi iphone đã JAILBREAK, bạn có toàn quyền điều khiển con dế của mình, bạn có thể chạy bất cứ chương trình gì trên iphone giống như bạn có toàn điều khiển chiếc xe của chính mình.</p>
<p>ACTIVATION (kích hoạt)<br />
Từ góc độ liên tưởng con IP của mình là chiếc xe thùng cảnh sát, thì activation có nghĩa là bị cầm giữ. Apple muốn bạn để cho AT&#38;T trói chặt bạn, ngồi yên vị ở hàng ghế sau. Và đương nhiên, nếu bạn là khách hàng của AT&#38;T, bạn có thể thực hiện activation mà không cần đến JAILBREAK. Còn nếu không phải là khách hàng của AT&#38;T thì sao?Đây là lúc mà bạn hiểu rõ hơn JAILBREAK có ý nghĩa thế nào. Một khi IP đã JAILBREAK, bạn có thể tiếp cận với các file hệ thống của IP, do đó việc giả mạo một activation trở nên khá đơn giản. Khi dịch đến đây, tôi nhớ lại trước kia khi mua mới một simcard của Vina, mobifone ..sau khi lắp vào máy thì cần phải chờ một khoảng thời gian để sim được kích hoạt và khi đó thì bạn mới có thể nhắn tin, thực hiện cuộc gọi thoải mái. Vậy cho nên activation ở đây đơn giản hiểu là sự kích hoạt với nhà cung cấp mạng di động. Nhưng trong trường hợp này IP chỉ có nhà cung cấp duy nhất là AT&#38;T bởi vậy nếu bạn không là khách hàng của AT&#38;T thì bạn cần phải giả mạo activation (fake activation) bằng cách can thiệp vào hệ thống. Cho nên, đòi hỏi IP phải được JAILBREAK</p>
<p>Làm sao để biết?</p>
<p>Đối với máy OTB (Out of the Box) hoặc mới update, trên màn hình sẽ có dòng chữ “Slide for Emergency”. Kết nối IP với Itunes và synchonize, sau đó ngắt kết nối. Nếu bạn không thể sync được và trên màn hình vẫn là dòng chữ “Slide for emergency” thì bạn cần phải activate. Còn ngược lại, màn hình IP chào đón bạn với dòng chữ “Slide to unlock” thì chúc mừng. Bạn đã được kích hoạt</p>
<p>Unlocking</p>
<p>Unlocking iphone có nghĩa giống như là unlocking SIM trên các máy điện thoại khác. Trên hầu hết các máy điện thoại, quá trình này được thực hiện bằng việc nhập code đặc biệt và bấm nút send/call. Code đặc biệt này đưa máy điện thoại vào chế độ đã unlock –nghĩa là nó sẽ chấp nhận mọi simcard của bất cứ nhà cung cấp mạng di động nào. Và lúc này thì Baseband của phone sẽ dừng việc kiểm tra simcard xem nó có thuộc về nhà cung cấp mặc định nào không.<br />
Quá trình unlocking bao gồm việc xóa bỏ dòng code kiểm tra simcard hoặc sửa lại dòng code đó nhằm mục đích làm cho Baseband chấp nhận simcard</p>
<p>KHÁI NIỆM BOOTLOADER, BASEBAND và FIRMWARE</p>
<p>Để cho đơn giản, trước tiên xin thống nhất với các bạn về quan niệm của tác giả về Bootloader, baseband và firmware như sau:</p>
<p>Firmware : là phần hồn của đứa trẻ tên Iphone<br />
Baseband : là ba lô đựng đồ của đứa trẻ<br />
Bootloader: là bà mẹ</p>
<p>BOOTLOADER:<br />
Version : 3.9 và 4.6</p>
<p>Trong iphone có ít nhất hai loại BOOTLOADER. Một loại gọi là “ARM Core Bootloader”, loại này tương tác với hệ điều hành của iphone. Loại Bootloader mà chúng ta đề cập đến là “Baseband Bootloader”<br />
Như khái niệm dân dã đã thống nhất với các bạn ở trên. Bootloader là bà mẹ, vào phòng của iphone, bật iphone lên, đánh thức nó dậy, đưa ra khỏi giường và chuẩn bị cho nó đến trường. Chức năng chính của bootloader là đảm bảo cho iphone thức giấc trước khi ra khỏi giường, đảm bảo nó ra khỏi giường trước đi tắm, tắm trước khi mặc quần áo, và quần áo phải mặc trước khi ra bến xe bus. Nói có vẻ lằng nhằng, nhưng rõ ràng bà mẹ bootloader này luôn đảm bảo cho đứa con iphone này một trình tự rõ ràng và chính xác. Hay nói cách khác, nó kiểm soát toàn bộ quá trình khởi động, hoạt động của iphone.Nếu không có bootloader thì đứa con iphone sẽ mãi chỉ là đứa bé ngủ với bộ pijama sũng nước trong bồn tắm đợi xe bus đến.<br />
BOOTLOADER đảm bảo cho iphone khởi động (boot) theo đúng trình tự và hoàn thành mọi nhiệm vụ<br />
Giống như mọi người trên thế gian, iphone luôn chỉ có một bà mẹ trong cả cuộc đời của mình. Nếu bạn mua iphone với bootloader phiên bản 3.9 thì bạn sẽ vẫn luôn có bootloader 3.9 cho dù bạn có upgrade bao nhiêu lần đi nữa<br />
Tất nhiên vẫn có những trường hợp mà người ta gọi là mẹ kế. Vậy có thể hiểu có một số người bỏ phiên bản 4.6 để lấy phiên bản 3.9. Có lẽ bạn cũng là một trong số người như vậy.</p>
<p>Tại sao phải quan tâm đến bootloader?</p>
<p>Phiên bản bootloader quyết định phương thức mà bạn bẻ khóa. Bởi lẽ 3.9 là bà mẹ dễ dãi, thoáng tính. Bà ta cho phép chúng ta làm nhiều thứ trong quá trình iphone boot. Qua đó, con dế của bạn rất dễ tiếp cận<br />
Quý bà 4.6 thì khó tính hơn rất nhiều. Bà ta luôn khăng khăng đứa con mình sẽ trở thành Tổng thống trong tương lai và luôn theo dõi, kiểm soát những gì iphone làm hay không thể làm. Ví dụ, 4.6 không cho chúng ta lấy baseband mà bà ta không kiểm soát được<br />
Để thẩm tra baseband (định nghĩa baseband phía dưới), bạn cần secpack (cái này mình không rõ là gì, nếu ai biết xin bổ sung. Mình sẽ cố gắng tìm hiểu sau). Nhưng trong bài viết này tác giả giải thích secpack theo cách dân dã như sau: secpack là những lời dặn dò an toàn mà ông bố, bà mẹ và đứa trẻ được nhắc nhở nếu ông chú của bạn đến đón bạn đến trường ( chỗ này hơi lủng củng, các bạn thông cảm)<br />
Không có secpack, bạn không thể viết baseband đã được hack vào iphone. Hơn nữa, không hack được baseband, bạn không thể sử dụng phương pháp unlock cùng với Ziphone<br />
Nếu bạn thích bootloader 4.6 thì bạn sẽ phải sử dụng phương pháp gọi là soft-update. Phương pháp này cài đặt phần mềm update vào hệ điều hành nhưng không update baseband. Cách này đôi khi được gọi là Hybrid – unlock<br />
Vậy bạn có gì?<br />
Các phương pháp bẻ khóa iphone thường tập trung chủ yếu vào Baseband Bootloader. Có hai phiên bản là 3.9 và 4.6. iphone nguyên bản được bán với Bootloader 3.9. Nếu bạn có firmware 1.1.1 hoặc cũ hơn, nghĩa là bạn sử dụng bootloader 3.9<br />
Nếu iphone của bạn được mua trong năm 2008, có nhiều khả năng nó có bootloader 4.6</p>
<p>BASEBAND<br />
Versions: 03.12.06_G, 03.14.08_G, 04.01.13_G, 04.02.13_G, 04.03.13_G, 04.04.05_G<br />
Baseband là ba lô của đứa trẻ tên iphone. Baseband điều khiển quá trình tương tác giữa các thành phần của iphone và hệ điều hành. Trong hầu hết các loại máy điện thoại, chip baseband tách biệt với hard drive chính và bộ xử lý của máy. Baseband là một trong những thứ mà quý bà Bootloader kiểm tra trong lúc bà ta đánh thức đứa con iphone<br />
Bất cứ khi nào iphone muốn tương tác với cell towers bằng âm thanh hoặc dữ liệu. Nó đều làm việc thông qua baseband. Baseband chịu trách nhiệm đảm bảo simcard hợp lệ và bắt được tín hiệu của nhà cung cấp dịch vụ mạng.<br />
Mỗi khi iphone đến trường, nó đều cần những thứ như sách vở, thước kẻ, máy tính hay là cặp tài liệu. Baseband có tất cả những thứ này. Có thể bạn đã biết, bạn có thể lấy cái ba lô này đi mà đứa trẻ iphone không bị sao cả. Bạn cũng có thể có một baseband không làm việc mà vẫn có một iphone – nhưng mà lúc này thì iphone của bạn giống như là một cái ipod touch<br />
Bạn có thể nghĩ rằng khi bấm số tức là bạn đang thực hiện cuộc gọi. Thực chất không hẳn thế mà là bạn đang tạo ra một chuỗi chỉ thị. Khi bạn bấm phím call, hệ điều hành sẽ đưa các chỉ thị của bạn đến baseband và vô hiệu hóa EDGE, gửi thông điệp đến cell tower rằng nó đang chuẩn bị thực hiện cuộc gọi, cung cấp số điện thoại cần gọi đến và đợi tower truyền lại tín hiệu ( Bận hay đổ chuông). Một khi cuộc gọi được thực thi, baseband sẽ gửi tín hiệu đánh thức microphone và speaker của iphone. Mọi việc mà iphone cần phải làm chỉ là ra lệnh “ Thực hiện cuộc gọi đến số máy này”, bởi lẽ Baseband đã biết rõ tất cả việc cần phải làm. Còn nhiệm vụ của bộ xử lý chỉ là những việc của một người đầy tớ.<br />
Bạn nên nhớ, baseband chịu trách nhiệm về giao tiếp giữa cell towers và hệ điều hành của iphone. Với phiên bản 4.03.13_G, Apple đã thêm một số đoạn mã nhằm đơn giản hóa quá trình xử lý.</p>
<p>FIRMWARE<br />
Versions: 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4<br />
Firmware là phần hồn, là hệ điều hành của đứa trẻ iphone. Hiểu với những khái niệm dân dã chúng ta đã đề cập. Mỗi khi chúng ta bật iphone, bà mẹ bootloader sẽ bắt đầu khởi động phần hồn- hệ điều hành. Nó đảm bảo mọi dich vụ đều được chạy. Nó cũng chuẩn bị và khoác ba lô Baseband lên vai cho đứa trẻ, sau đó thì đưa đứa bé đến trường<br />
Firmware của iphone rất linh hoạt, nó bao gồm phần cốt lõi của iphone, ứng dụng Springboard, ứng dụng mainpage iphone, khả năng điều khiển ăng ten Wifi, hay điều khiển các Web pages. Cùng với khả năng của firmware, Apple có thể thay đổi rất nhiều thứ.</p>
<p>(sưu tầm)</p>
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