Degree/Radian Circle

In everyone’s experience it is usual to measure angles in degrees. We learn early in childhood that there are 360 degrees in a circle, that there are 90 degrees in a right angle, and that the angle of an equilateral triangle contains 60 degrees. On the other hand, to scientists, engineers, and mathematicians it is usual to measure angles in radians.

The size of a radian is determined by the requirement that there are 2 radians in a circle. Thus 2 radians equals 360 degrees. This means that 1 radian = 180/ degrees, and 1 degree = /180 radians.

The reason for this is that so many formulas become much easier to write and to understand when radians are used to measure angles. A very good example is provided by the formula for the length of a circular arc. If A and B are two points on a circle of radius R and center C, then the length of the arc of the circle connecting them is given by

d(A,B) = R a,

where R is the radius of the sphere, and a is the angle ACB measured in radians. If we measure the angle in degrees, then the formula is

d(A,B) = R a/180,

These formulas can be checked by noticing that the arc length is proportional to the angle, and then checking the formula for the full circle, i.e., when a = 2 radians (or 360 degrees).

The figure below gives the relationship between degrees and radians for the most common angles in the unit circle measured in the counterclockwise direction from the point to the right of the vertex. The form of the ordered pair is {degree measure, radian measure}

In mathematics and physics, the radian is a unit of angle measure. It is the SI derived unit of angle. It is defined as the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc of circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle. Angle measures in radians are often given without any explicit unit. When a unit is given, it is rad.

There are 2 π (about 6.283185) radians in a complete circle, so:
2π rad = 360°
1 rad = 360/(2π)° = 180/π° (approximately 57.29578°).

or:
360° = 2π rad
1° = 2π/360 rad = π/180 rad
In calculus, angles must be represented in radians in trigonometric functions, to make identities and results as simple and natural as possible. For example, the use of radians leads to the simple identity

which is the basis of many elegant identities in mathematics.

The radian was formerly an SI supplementary unit, but this category was abolished from the SI system in 1995.

Angle at the Circumference

If the end points of an arc are joined to a third point on the circumference of a circle, then an angle is formed.
For example, the minor arc AB subtends an angle of 45º at C.  The angle ACB is said to be the angle subtended by the minor arc AB (or simply arc AB) at C.

The angle ACB is an angle at the circumference standing on the arc AB.

Angle at the Centre

If the end points of an arc are joined to the centre of a circle, then an angle is formed.  For example, the minor arc AB subtends an angle of 105º at O.  The angle AOB is said to be the angle subtended by the minor arc AB (or simply arc AB) at the centre O.

The angle AOB is an angle at the centre O standing on the arc AB.

Angle at Centre Theorem

Theorem

Use the information given in the diagram to prove that the angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference if both angles stand on the same arc.

Given:

To prove:

Proof:

In general:

The angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference if both angles stand on the same arc. This is called the Angle at Centre Theorem.

We also call this the basic property, as the other angle properties of a circle can be derived from it.

Example 22

Find the value of the pronumeral in the following circle centred at O.

Solution:

Example 23

Find the value of the pronumeral in the following circle centred at O.

Solution:

Angle in a Semi-Circle

In general:

The angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.

Example 24

Find the value of the pronumeral in the following circle centred at O.

Solution:

by,

Kong Ngiik Hiong

De-Anna Alba’s Solitary Yule Ritual
by De-Anna Alba

Yule is perhaps the easiest Pagan holiday for the solitary to celebrate. Practically all of the trappings of Christmas have Pagan origins. This enables you to utilize them without anyone wondering what you are doing. Begin with the tree itself. Of course you can have one if you wish. If you don’t want to sacrifice a tree to the holiday, an artificial one will do. Or, you could buy a small potted tree, use it for the season, and transplant it out in the Spring. It may or may not survive the transplant. If the use of a cut tree is OK with you, I highly recommend cutting your own. That way you can choose one using your Magical intent. Focus on your mission on your way to the grower’s and ask your inner self to recognize the tree that has agreed to sacrifice itself on your behalf. (It may have a special glow, an inner voice may tell you, you may just get a sense that you’ve found the right one.) Take along on offering of some sort to leave at the stump. An offering of herbs or wine would be appropriate. Be sure to thank it for its sacrifice before you start sawing.

Once you get it home, and are ready to do so, decorate it. Here again use your Magical intent and be aware of the symbolism inherent in what you are doing. The tree is an evergreen, reminding us that life is continual. Its color demonstrates that there is life even in this season of death and rest. As you put the lights on the tree remember that they are a bit of Magic encouraging the light of the Sun to return to the world at this, the season of deepest darkness. If you are decorating your tree prior to Yule itself you may wish to leave the lights unlit until Solstice eve in keeping with this symbolism.

If possible, choose or make ornaments in keeping with the seasonal symbolism. Glass ornaments are nice because the lights from the tree will shine through them. Snowflake, solar and lunar ornaments, infant and birthing symbols, reindeer and other animal representations (particularly any totem animals that you might have) are all appropriate. Any ornaments that are family heirlooms or have been given to you by members of your family serve as a reminder of ancestral connections you may have to particular places, cultures, or people. If you ordinarily string popcorn or cranberry garlands for your tree, you could turn this into a Magical act as well. Make each piece, or every so many (say, 13?) represent a wish or a piece of Magic that you’d like to see manifest in the world. Separate each wish/spell with a marker of some sort-a cranberry if stringing popcorn, 3 pieces of popcorn if stringing cranberries, whatever suits your fancy. Put the completed work on the tree. Then, when you turn on the tree lights for the first time, imagine/visualize all those wishes being released into the world to do their work as the Sun begins its return. Know that the spells will gain in strength and power as the Sun increases the light. (After Yule keep what you can of the garlands in a jar. Then burn the contents in your Midsummer fire-the time of the Sun’s greatest strength-in order to end the spells.) Give your gifts to others on the actual day of Yule if you can. You needn’t insist that they open them then if they are Christians and would prefer to wait until Christmas day. Likewise, if you have received any presents from friends or family already, you may wish to open your gifts on Yule. If this would upset family in any way, i.e. if they’re expecting you to open presents with them on Christmas eve or morning, then a good alternative would be to buy yourself a present on Yule. Make it something really nice in honor of the holiday.

The advent wreath is another major part of Christmas trappings that we can reclaim. After all, it’s shaped in a circle, it has four candles which in our case will represent the quarters, and it has a candle in the middle which can represent spirit or the Sun child. If you live alone the four candles can be of the appropriate quarter colors (Air-yellow, Fire-red, Water-blue, Earth-green in most systems, or whatever colors you choose to represent the quarters). The spirit/Sun child candle can be white, purple, or gold, depending on what you think best. If you live with a Christian family you’ll have to make do with the colors they choose. In that case it will be the thought that counts and the words you say in your head that matter. I see the weekly lighting of an advent candle as representing the formation of the Sun child’s body within the pregnant body of the Mother. As each candle is lit, a different portion of the baby’s body is formed and imbued with Magic, strength, and perfection, and I say (or think) words to that effect. A candle is lit each Sun-day for the 4 Sundays preceding Yule. Light the spirit or Sun child candle on Solstice Eve just prior to lighting your tree if you can. If you are a part of a Christian family, light a spirit candle in your room on Solstice Eve to complete the advent spell.

What follows is an example of what you could do and say in lighting the advent wreath if you find it appropriate. If not, say (or think) what you like. The ritual is taken from my book, The Cauldron of Change, Myths, Mysteries and Magick of the Goddess (IL: Delphi Press, ‘93), p. 161. In the book the Sun child is seen as female. If you are uncomfortable with that, just change the gender of the pronouns. Prior to the lighting of the first (North) candle, the following prayer to the Goddess is made:

"Dark Shining One, Magna Mater, within Whose womb lies our hope and all possibility, deliver us from darkness into light. Grow great with child and bring to us the child of promise. Re-birth the world."

As the North candle is lit:

"From the mountain’s craggy peaks take rocks to form Her frame. From the subsoil of the plain take clay to flesh it full."

As the East candle is lit:

"From the four winds gather the wisps of a perfect mind."

As the South candle is lit:

"From the volcano’s fiery depths pump blood into Her veins."

As the West candle is lit:

"From the ocean’s vast expanse draw the waters for Your womb and rock Her gently, safe within You."

As the Spirit/Sun child candle is lit:

"Impart to Her a spark from Thy spirit and, at Her birthing, breathe life into Her lungs."

Then say:

"Return to us Thy darling daughter; Return to us the light; Return to us the green and growing and end this lifeless night."

Other than that you’re on your own. Be creative and have fun. If you have children, the myth of Santa Claus is important. He is a remnant of the Lord of Winter, the Horned God, Whose horns are now only apparent on His totemic animal the reindeer or stag. Your children are lucky. Santa Claus can remain real for them all their lives.  Yule is also a good time to stock up on real mistletoe. (Dried, it can be used in a variety of herbal/Magical preparations.) Just be sure to keep it out of the reach of children and pets. It’s poisonous if ingested. In fact, I would recommend not having it in the house at all if your children are under the age of 5. It’s amazing what they get into when you’re not watching, and you want to be sure they are old enough to clearly understand the danger involved in eating the berries. Enjoy the season. Enjoy it all the more knowing that practically everything everyone is doing was first done by Pagans! (Written by De-Anna Alba; from her book The Cauldron of Change, Myths, Mysteries and Magick of the Goddess;

Disclaimer: No one involved in this blog or its contents may be held responsible for any adverse reactions arising from following any of the instructions/recipes on this list. It is the reader’s personal responsibility to exercise all precautions and use his or her own discretion if following any instructions or advice from this blog.

Fair Use Notice: This page may contain copyrighted material the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. This website distributes this material without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. We believe this constitutes a fair use of any such copyrighted material as provided for in 17 U.S.C § 107.

Angle measurement

The concept of angle

The concept of angle is one of the most important concepts in geometry. The concepts of equality, sums, and differences of angles are important and used throughout geometry, but the subject of trigonometry is based on the measurement of angles.

There are two commonly used units of measurement for angles. The more familiar unit of measurement is that of degrees. A circle is divided into 360 equal degrees, so that a right angle is 90°. For the time being, we’ll only consider angles between 0° and 360°, but later, in the section on trigonometric functions, we’ll consider angles greater than 360° and negative angles.

Degrees may be further divided into minutes and seconds, but that division is not as universal as it used to be. Parts of a degree are now frequently referred to decimally. For instance seven and a half degrees is now usually written 7.5&deg. Each degree is divided into 60 equal parts called minutes. So seven and a half degrees can be called 7 degrees and 30 minutes, written 7° 30′. Each minute is further divided into 60 equal parts called seconds, and, for instance, 2 degrees 5 minutes 30 seconds is written 2° 5′ 30″. The division of degrees into minutes and seconds of angle is analogous to the division of hours into minutes and seconds of time.

Usually when a single angle is drawn on a xy-plane for analysis, we’ll draw it with the vertex at the origin (0,0), one side of the angle along the x-axis, and the other side above the x-axis.

The other common measurement for angles is radians. For this measurement, consider the unit circle (a circle of radius 1) whose center is the vertex of the angle in question. Then the angle cuts off an arc of the circle, and the length of that arc is the radian measure of the angle. It is easy to convert between degree measurement and radian measurement. The circumference of the entire circle is 2 ( is about 3.14159), so it follows that 360° equals 2 radians. Hence, 1° equals /180 radians, and 1 radian equals 180/ degrees.

Most calculators can be set to use angles measured with either degrees or radians. Be sure you know what mode your calculator is using.

Short note on the history of radians

Although the word “radian” was coined by Thomas Muir and/or James Thompson about 1870, mathematicians had been measuring angles that way for a long time. For instance, Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) in his Elements of Algebra explicitly said to measure angles by the length of the arc cut off in the unit circle. That was necessary to give his famous formula involving complex numbers that relates the sign and cosine functions to the exponential function e^it = cos t + i sin t

where t is what was later called the radian measurment of the angle. Unfortunately, an explanation of this formula is well beyond the scope of these notes. But, for a little more information about complex numbers, see my Short Course on Complex Numbers.

Radians and arc length

An alternate definition of radians is sometimes given as a ratio. Instead of taking the unit circle with center at the vertex of the angle, take any circle with center at the vertex of the angle. Then the radian measure of the angle is the ratio of the length of the subtended arc to the radius of the circle. For instance, if the length of the arc is 3 and the radius of the circle is 2, then the radian measure is 1.5.

The reason that this definition works is that the length of the subtended arc is proportional to the radius of the circle. In particular, the definition in terms of a ratio gives the same figure as that given above using the unit circle. This alternate definition is more useful, however, since you can use it to relate lengths of arcs to angles. The formula for this relation is

radian measure times radius = arc length

For instance, an arc of 0.3 radians in a circle of radius 4 has length 0.3 times 4, that is, 1.2.

Below is a table of common angles in both degree measurement and radian measurement. Note that the radian measurement is given in terms of . It could, of course, be given decimally, but radian measurement often appears with a factor of .

Angle	Degrees	Radians
	90°	/2
	60°	/3
	45°	/4
	30°	/6

by,

Kong Ngiik Hiong

Definition: A circle is the set of all points that are the same distance, r, from a fixed point.
General Formula: X ² + Y ²=r² where r is the radius

• Unlike parabolas, circles ALWAYS have X ² and Y ² terms.
  • X² + Y²=4 is a circle with a radius of 2 ( since 4 =2²)
• On the coordinate plane, the formula is similar.

by:sue

Download AI URL: http://www.imgcapture.com/?p=1656

Material description:

This is a very stylish and elegant designs noble and beautiful material. With very little scratches, and there is a sense of a brown background with the trend of upper-left corner of the green and white, yellow and white, pink and white, purple and white combination of large and small circle pattern, the middle purple blue powder color trim around the white heart-shaped pattern is not even a very beautiful pink and orange flower pattern, and a white pattern, like rolls of paper-based material reflects the trend of fashion a beautiful and elegant elements. 10 very good graphic design material

Circle…

If from a point a straight line is joined to the circumference of a circle which is not in the same plane with the point, and the line is produced in both directions, and if, with the point remaining fixed, the straight line being rotated about the circumference of the circle returns to the same place from which it began, then the generated surface composed of the two surfaces lying vertically opposite one another, each of which increases indefinitely as the generating straight line is produced indefinitely, it is call as conic surface, and it is called,the fixed point the vertex, and the straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the circle the axis.

Related Terms in Circle;

arc: a curved line that is part of the circumference of a circle
chord: a line segment within a circle that touches 2 points on the circle.
circumference: the distance around the circle.
diameter: the longest distance from one end of a circle to the other.
origin: the center of the circle
pi: A number, 3.141592…, equal to (the circumference) / (the diameter) of any circle.
radius: distance from center of circle to any point on it.
sector: is like a slice of pie (a circle wedge).
tangent of circle: a line perpendicular to the radius that touches ONLY one point on the circle. 

by,

Elena Rozella Jarid

Tim, this book is fabulous! Very depressing and thoroughly engrossing. Loved the texted, the eerie dynamics and the moody cinematic movement of images and text. This is yet again-another movie! The darkness at the end, and the beginning is intensely evocative. Great work! Keep this book forever. Tim-keep making these wonderful books.

http://dotheknowledge.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/mutiny/

Download AI URL: http://www.imgcapture.com/?p=1609

Material description:

This is a very beautiful elegant romantic elements of stylish designs material. Pink stripes with arc gradient background, the red stripes and pink five small rectangles with a very graceful curve of a beautiful white arc-shaped curve of plants and green and white pattern, blue and white, deep pink and white, yellow and white with very delicate phase circle pattern, showing the romantic elegance of the material, exquisite fashion elements.

Image : http://www.flickr.com

Xbox 360 Red Power Ring Errors listed a series of red lights on the Ring of power of the Xbox, which blinks once green, is a common mistake for Xbox 360 gamers and their consoles, but extremely stressful when you turn the console. Learn more today is the red circle on the Xbox 360, including one that caused the problem and what is the best place to get your opinionbroken Xbox 360, which had suffered the dreaded Red Ring of Death.

The cause of the causes for the red circle on the Xbox 360 from excessive heat damage to components of your console. This damage leads to dysfunction and, finally, the Xbox 360 Red Ring Power, which is used by console reported problems with the console. Heating is likely to appear on the Xbox 360, becauseCooling High efficiency, lack of adequate ventilation, heat sink and heat pipes and a strong interior design of the case does not help.

To update your Xbox 360 Red Ring problems of power, then the best choice we have is in fact the repair Xbox. Although this may seem crazy at first, is actually very simple to do. All you need is a video repair instructions, one or two hours of free time and basic tools such as screwdrivers andcan red circle on the Xbox 360 for repair.

Need tutorial videos if you want to fix the red ring of death, the video is available to a sufficient level of detail and allow the passage of the method of step, you must repair your Xbox 360 the best way to get these videos is in a troubleshooting Xbox 360, which is a digital download of all the necessary instructions in video format. With one of them is very easycorrect the problems of the Xbox 360 red ring constantly.

Vets in New York have reportedly diagnosed the first known case of H1N1 Swine Flu in a dog.

The LA Times reports…The virus has been found before in other pets, including at least three ferrets, several cats and pigs and a cheetah named Gijima at a wildlife preserve in Santa Rosa.

A couple of the cats died, but most of the animals recovered.

Full story here-http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-sci-swine-flu-dog23-2009dec23,0,2022503.story

They say we should not be alarmed by this alarming development. Reportedly it is a “rare” occurence.

What do you think? …how are we going to get the dogs and cats to wash their hands?

I am kind of concerned, lots of dogs around here!….

This one came together quickly thanks to CPS Sketch #147. (Perfect for Christmas.)

I cut/embossed the patterned paper with Spellbinders™ S4-116 Standard Circles SM, #6 (counting from the center).

To create the card base, I cut a piece of double sided cardstock just taller than Spellbinders™ S4-194 Classic Inverted Scalloped Circles LG #6 and twice as long. I folded the cardstock in the middle and placed a small portion of the cut edge over the folded edge and ran through the Wizard™ in a cut sandwich which follows:

1. White Master Mat
2. Magnetic Spacer Plate (Raspberry Wizard™) or White Spacer Plate (Purple Wizard™)
3. Die Template, cut edge facing up
4. Cardstock
5. White Master Mat

I had to run it through twice to cut through both layers of cardstock. I added the patterned paper circle to the card base. I cut/embossed S4-235 Fancy Tags with the double-sided cardstock but use the color that is on the inside of the card. Write sentiment onto the tag and add it to the card.

Cut S4-222 Create A Flake One the small pinked snowflake. After I cut a small slit into the center, I crossed over two points and glued them together to make a small cone “flower”. A drop of super sticky glue held in my shiny bead and glued the flower to the card as shown. For a final touch, I dotted glitter glue to each point on the card.

That’s it…super easy and very flexible sketch: Baby shower card, birthday card, New Year’s, Valentine’s…you name it. Thanks, CPS for a great sketch. Here’s one more look, a close-up of the tag and flower!

Important Stuff: S4-116 Standard Circles SM, S4-194 Classic Inverted Scalloped Circles SM, S4-222 Create A Flake One , S4-235 Fancy Tags, Wizard (Spellbinders); Red and white patterned paper (My Mind’s Eye); DoubleMates Berry Red cardstock (WorldWin);Icicle Stickles (Ranger); Tiara red metallic pen (Sakura)

Other stuff: Dimensional adhesive, PVA glue, white bead

Eli

Download AI URL: http://www.imgcapture.com/?p=1563

Material description:

This is a very stylish exquisite color designs with a noble material. Dream-like vortex of dark blue background with yellow and white, like droplets like a small green light blue circle, there is a very fine beautiful orange and white, brown and white, red and white combination of circle diagram fully embodies the material fashion exquisite beautiful elements.

[Bokeh of hanging lights at the church where the wedding I shot was held yesterday.]

After shooting so many weddings, I still sometimes cry at the intangible beauty so glorious and apparent at weddings. It just touches and warms the heart so much, it can happen whether or not you know the people involved. Yesterday that happened while shooting the start of the church wedding. You know, when the bride walks down the aisle holding onto her dad’s arms, and then the dad hands his daughter over to the groom.

You look at the dad’s eyes as he looks at the groom as though his eyes could convey in a split second all he ever wanted to tell the groom about how precious his daughter is. Then you pan over to the groom’s eyes as he fixes his gaze on her from the moment she steps through the doors and and it doesn’t waver even as she walks down the aisle all the way until she is right before him. His eyes tell you she’s the best thing that could happen to him. Just from these two men’s eyes, you can feel the intensity of emotions – the intensity of the intangible beauty of love. And all that within just a few seconds.

Phew! 2 shows in 2 days. This is what happens when you don’t pre plan these things and decide to record programs in the early rise of the morning sun. But I shall not bore you with that…

This week was an exciting show in that we much newness despite it being a quite time in music circles. We kicked off the show with the newest stuff from Eddy Current Suppression as well as expansive lilting stuff from Mukaizake who have a mini album of sorts called Unknown Knowns, and new stuff from former Lola Flash singer Emma Russack. Speaking of circling around, we had 3 of the 5 members of Circle come in and chat as well as play a live tune in the studio. They also have a mini album out that has a Christmas theme called Xmas Omas preceding a full release next year.

Enjoy!

Playlist
(Artist – Track)

Eddy Current Suppression Ring – Anxiety
Yes I’m Leaving – Silk
Mukaizake – Slack Bees
Mark Moldre – Troubled Genius
Rowland S Howard – Ave Maria
Emma Russack – By The Shore
Circle – Old Holidays (Live)
Circle – Henry James
Cat Black – Love Is Gone
Music Vs Physics – Desperate Was The Colour Of My True Love’s Eyes
Miniature Submarines – The Little Room Under The Stairs
The Snowdroppers – Rosemary

Catala’s Ritual for Yule
by Catala SilverMoon (I had a link, but it’s dead

Supplies:

• Yule log (oak or pine) with white, red and black candles on it,
• chalice of wine
• small piece of paper and pencil for each person
• altar set up (next to the fireplace)
• two lighters or matches
• The altar is adorned with evergreens such as pine, rosemary, bay, juniper and cedar
• the same can be laid to mark the Circle.

Cast the Circle the way you usually do it.
Statement of intent: Priestess says:

"Since the beginning of time, we have gathered in this season to celebrate the rebirth of the Sun. On the Winter Solstice, the darkest of nights, The Goddess becomes the Great Mother and once again gives birth to the Sun and the new yearly cycle, bringing new light and hope to all on Earth. On the longest night of winter, and the dark night of our souls, there springs the new spark of hope, the Sacred Fire, the Light of the World. We gather tonight to await the new light. On this night, the Maiden, who is also Mother and Crone, prepares to welcome the Sun. Let’s now prepare to welcome the new light within."

Invocation to the Goddess and God: Priest lights fire in fireplace and says:

"I light this fire in your honor Mother Goddess. You have created life from death, warmth from cold. The Sun lives once again, the time of light is waxing."

Lights the Goddess candle on the altar and says:

"We invite you, Great Mother, to our circle. Bring us new light, the light of your glorious Son."

Lights the God candle on the altar and says:

"Ancient God of the forest, we welcome you. Return from the shadows, O Lord of Light. The wheel has turned. We call you back to warm us. Great God of the Sun, I welcome your return. May you shine brightly upon the Earth."

Lighting the candles on the Yule Log: Priestess lights the white candle on the Yule log and says:

"I come to you as Maiden. Young and free, fresh as springtime. Yet within me a yearning stirs to create and share and so I become…"

Lights the red candle and says:

"The Mother, I bring forth the fruit of my creativity. Yet an ancient prophet once told me, as I stood with my son, a sword shall pierce through thy own heart also, and I knew that I must become…"

Lights the black candle and says:

"The Crone. The ancient wise one, Lady of Darkness. We three-in-one who brought forth that special child as long ago, also anointed him for burial-A bright light that grew and was sacrificed to be reborn as a new light."

Consecration of the Yule Log: Priestess says:

"Yule is the end of the old solar year and the beginning of the new one. Traditionally, the end of the year is a time to look back and reflect. It is a time to look ahead to the future, to make plans and set goals."

Everyone writes on a piece of paper something he or she hopes to accomplish during the coming year. When finished, the slips of paper are attached to the Yule Log. Priest picks up the chalice and says:

"We toast the new year!"

Then he sprinkles wine on the log and says:

"and in token of its promise, we consecrate this sacred wood as a focus for the energies through which we accomplish our tasks and manifest our desires during the coming cycle."

All drink from the chalice. Priestess says:

"You who have died are now reborn. Lend us your light through the winter months as we await the spring. Let us now light the Yule Log. Once having burned with the Yule fire, these candles will contain the luck of the log throughout the coming year."

Priest and Priestess place the Yule log in the fireplace together. The Yule log burns in the fireplace (remember to save a small piece of the log for next Yule).

Closing: Priestess extinguishes the God candle on the altar and says:

"Thank you Bright Lord for the light you have brought to us this night. May we carry it within us throughout the coming year."

Priest extinguishes the Goddess candle on the altar and says:

"Thank you most gracious Lady for your freshness of spirit, your nurturing care, your infinite wisdom. Live within us throughout the coming year. So mote it be."

Close the circle the way you usually do.

Disclaimer: No one involved in this blog or its contents may be held responsible for any adverse reactions arising from following any of the instructions/recipes on this list. It is the reader’s personal responsibility to exercise all precautions and use his or her own discretion if following any instructions or advice from this blog.

Fair Use Notice: This page may contain copyrighted material the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. This website distributes this material without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. We believe this constitutes a fair use of any such copyrighted material as provided for in 17 U.S.C § 107.

I heard my homie Kardi was carrying the torch at some point to rep Toronto.  Had to give mad respect to the man.  We see you playboy. And just because I loved the video and single below is ‘Numba 1′ featuring Keri Hilson by Mr. Offishall.

painting, line and circle 2009-no.01, 16″x20″ acrylic on canvas, by alyse radenovic,  at http://www.aelisheva.com