ဒါကေတာ့ run ထဲကေန cmd လို႔ ရုိက္ျပီး အဲဒီ command prompt ထဲမွာ ရိုက္လုိ႔ရတဲ႔ command line ေတြအေၾကာင္းေပါ့
သက္ဆိုင္ရာ command ေတြရဲ႔အေသးစိပ္အခ်က္လက္ေတြကို Links မ်ားမွတဆင့္ဆက္လက္ေလ႔လာလို႔ရတယ္။

An A-Z Index of the Windows XP command line

   ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
   ARP      Address Resolution Protocol
   ASSOC    Change file extension associations•
   ASSOCIAT One step file association
   ATTRIB   Change file attributes
b
   BOOTCFG  Edit Windows boot settings
   BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
c
   CACLS    Change file permissions
   CALL     Call one batch program from another•
   CD       Change Directory - move to a specific Folder•
   CHANGE   Change Terminal Server Session properties
   CHKDSK   Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
   CHKNTFS  Check the NTFS file system
   CHOICE   Accept keyboard input to a batch file
   CIPHER   Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
   CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
   CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
   CLIP     Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.
   CLS      Clear the screen•
   CLUSTER  Windows Clustering
   CMD      Start a new CMD shell
   COLOR    Change colors of the CMD window•
   COMP     Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
   COMPACT  Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
   COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
   CON2PRT  Connect or disconnect a Printer
   CONVERT  Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
   COPY     Copy one or more files to another location•
   CSCcmd   Client-side caching (Offline Files)
   CSVDE    Import or Export Active Directory data
d
   DATE     Display or set the date•
   DEFRAG   Defragment hard drive
   DEL      Delete one or more files•
   DELPROF  Delete NT user profiles
   DELTREE  Delete a folder and all subfolders
   DevCon   Device Manager Command Line Utility
   DIR      Display a list of files and folders•
   DIRUSE   Display disk usage
   DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks
   DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
   DISKPART Disk Administration
   DNSSTAT  DNS Statistics
   DOSKEY   Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
   DSADD    Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
   DSQUERY  List items in active directory
   DSMOD    Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory
   DSRM     Remove items from Active Directory
e
   ECHO     Display message on screen•
   ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file•
   ERASE    Delete one or more files•
   EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log
   EXIT     Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel•
   EXPAND   Uncompress files
   EXTRACT  Uncompress CAB files
f
   FC       Compare two files
   FIND     Search for a text string in a file
   FINDSTR  Search for strings in files
   FOR /F   Loop command: against a set of files•
   FOR /F   Loop command: against the results of another command•
   FOR      Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List•
   FORFILES Batch process multiple files
   FORMAT   Format a disk
   FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
   FSUTIL   File and Volume utilities
   FTP      File Transfer Protocol
   FTYPE    Display or modify file types used in file extension associations•
g
   GLOBAL   Display membership of global groups
   GOTO     Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line•
   GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings
h
   HELP     Online Help
i
   iCACLS   Change file and folder permissions
   IF       Conditionally perform a command•
   IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
   IPCONFIG Configure IP
k
   KILL     Remove a program from memory
l
   LABEL    Edit a disk label
   LOCAL    Display membership of local groups
   LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer
   LOGOFF   Log a user off
   LOGTIME  Log the date and time in a file
m
   MAPISEND Send email from the command line
   MBSAcli  Baseline Security Analyzer.
   MEM      Display memory usage
   MD       Create new folders•
   MKLINK   Create a symbolic link (linkd)
   MODE     Configure a system device
   MORE     Display output, one screen at a time
   MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
   MOVE     Move files from one folder to another•
   MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
   MSG      Send a message
   MSIEXEC  Microsoft Windows Installer
   MSINFO   Windows NT diagnostics
   MSTSC    Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
   MUNGE    Find and Replace text within file(s)
   MV       Copy in-use files
n
   NET      Manage network resources
   NETDOM   Domain Manager
   NETSH    Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote access
   NETSVC   Command-line Service Controller
   NBTSTAT  Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
   NETSTAT  Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
   NOW      Display the current Date and Time
   NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
   NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
   NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
p
   PATH     Display or set a search path for executable files•
   PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
   PAUSE    Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message•
   PERMS    Show permissions for a user
   PERFMON  Performance Monitor
   PING     Test a network connection
   POPD     Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD•
   PORTQRY  Display the status of ports and services
   POWERCFG Configure power settings
   PRINT    Print a text file
   PRNCNFG  Display, configure or rename a printer
   PRNMNGR  Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
   PROMPT   Change the command prompt•
   PsExec     Execute process remotely
   PsFile     Show files opened remotely
   PsGetSid   Display the SID of a computer or a user
   PsInfo     List information about a system
   PsKill     Kill processes by name or process ID
   PsList     List detailed information about processes
   PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
   PsLogList  Event log records
   PsPasswd   Change account password
   PsService  View and control services
   PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
   PsSuspend  Suspend processes
   PUSHD    Save and then change the current directory•
q
   QGREP    Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.
r
   RASDIAL  Manage RAS connections
   RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
   RECOVER  Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
   REG      Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
   REGEDIT  Import or export registry settings
   REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
   REGINI   Change Registry Permissions
   REM      Record comments (remarks) in a batch file•
   REN      Rename a file or files•
   REPLACE  Replace or update one file with another
   RD       Delete folder(s)•
   RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
   ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
   ROUTE    Manipulate network routing tables
   RUNAS    Execute a program under a different user account
   RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)
s
   SC       Service Control
   SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time
   SCLIST   Display NT Services
   SET      Display, set, or remove environment variables•
   SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables•
   SETX     Set environment variables permanently
   SHARE    List or edit a file share or print share
   SHIFT    Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file•
   SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
   SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined
   SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
   SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
   SLEEP    Wait for x seconds
   SLMGR    Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)
   SOON     Schedule a command to run in the near future
   SORT     Sort input
   START    Start a program or command in a separate window•
   SU       Switch User
   SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
   SUBST    Associate a path with a drive letter
   SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
t
   TASKLIST List running applications and services
   TASKKILL Remove a running process from memory
   TIME     Display or set the system time•
   TIMEOUT  Delay processing of a batch file
   TITLE    Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session•
   TLIST    Task list with full path
   TOUCH    Change file timestamps
   TRACERT  Trace route to a remote host
   TREE     Graphical display of folder structure
   TYPE     Display the contents of a text file•
u
   USRSTAT  List domain usernames and last login
v
   VER      Display version information•
   VERIFY   Verify that files have been saved•
   VOL      Display a disk label•
w
   WHERE    Locate and display files in a directory tree
   WHOAMI   Output the current UserName and domain
   WINDIFF  Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
   WINMSD   Windows system diagnostics
   WINMSDP  Windows system diagnostics II
   WMIC     WMI Commands
x
   XCACLS   Change file and folder permissions
   XCOPY    Copy files and folders
   ::       Comment / Remark•

Commands marked • are Internal commands only available within the CMD shell.
All other commands (not marked with •) are external commands which may be used under the CMD shell, PowerShell, or directly from START-RUN.

source : http://ss64.com/nt/

Windows + R သို႔မဟုတ္ Start > Run ကေနသြားရတဲ႔ Run box ကေနျပီးေတာ့ commands ေလးေတြရိုက္ရိုက္ျပီးေတာ့ program ေလးေတြ run လုိက္ရတာကိုအရမ္းသေဘာက်မိတယ္ ဥပမာ MS Word ကို winword ဆိုတာမ်ိဳးေပါ့ ျပီးရင္တန္းပြင့္လာေရာ ေလ ေပါ့ပါးတယ္လို႔ထင္ရတယ္ အဲဒီ commands ေတြအေၾကာင္းကို အရမ္းသိခ်င္ခဲ့တယ္ … သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြ… Junior ေတြကလည္းေမးေမးေနေတာ့ ကိုယ္ကလည္းလက္လွမ္းမီသေလာက္ေလးပဲသုံးတက္တာ အျပည့္အစုံလည္းမသုံးတက္ဘူးေလ ရွာၾကည့္လိုက္ေတာ့ ေဟာ..ေတြ႔ပါျပီ  174 Run Commands For Windows XP တဲ႔ အိုေက…ၾကည့္ရေအာင္ .. ။

174 Run Commands For Windows XP

Run Commands Listed below In Alphabetical Order

All of the Run Command below Work in the Windows XP Operating System Some do Require that you have the application installed. To provoke the run dialogue box where you can enter the run commands Click start and then select Run or even faster hold down the Windows key and press ‘R’ then enter your command.

Source : http://www.adamsdvds.co.uk/run%20commands.php/

WINDOWS XP
Mengatasi masalah NTLDR Missing di windows XP sedikit lebih mudah karena Win XP memiliki opsi repair dalam bootable installer CD nya jadi gak perlu bikin-bikin boot disket. Yang harus anda lakukan adalah

• Set bios komputer anda supaya first boot nya adalah CD drive.
• Masukan CD Installer Windows XP anda, Kemana??? tentu saja ke CDROM/DVDROM Drive bukan ke tempat yang lain.
• Boot komputer anda
• Ketika pilihan press anykey to boot from CD silahkan pijit tombol apa saja, tapi ingat tombol yang ada di keyboard ya bukan tombol kamera digital anda apalagi tombol HP.
• Setelah masuk ke setup menu, nanti ada pilihan untuk tekan R untuk repair, anda tekan huruf R di keyboard anda untuk masuk ke Repair command line.
• Ketika masuk tunggu sebentar jangan langsung enter kecuali kalau anda ingin reboot
• Apabila ditanyakan system mana yang mau anda perbaiki biasanya ada pilihan nomor 1 C:\Windows seperti itu pilih 1 dan enter.
• Nanti anda akan ditanyakan password Administrator komputer anda silahkan di isi dan enter
• Setelah berhasil login silahkan copy NTLDR dan NTDETECT.COM dari CD installer anda. Sebelumnya pastikan dulu apa nama drive CD/DVD anda. Saya contohkan disini bernama E:

      copy e:\i386\ntldr c:\
      copy e:\i386\ntdetect.com c:\

• Apabila sudah selesai silahkan keluar dari editor dan restart komputer anda
• Jangan lupa untuk set boot order anda menjadi Harddisk pertama.
• Selesai.

I cannot believe it has been almost two weeks since I last posted about Miss Willow . . . she continues to be a lively explosion of energy, love, and curiosity.  Our days revolve around a simple routine that she has mastered.  It goes something like this:  eat, play, bathroom, nap, repeat . . . . until bedtime.  She does so many cute things – she sits in front of the closet door where we keep her food when she is hungry – though, she knows breakfast is  at 4:50 a.m., lunch is at 11:00 a.m., and dinner is at 5:00 p.m.  If I am one minute late filling her bowl, she lets me know (I hear the tiny whimpers and if she had tears to release, there would be a hunger waterfall on the floor). She watches TV, too, which is hilarious.  I will try to capture that on video and post it (she likes music as well – we listen to the “Coffee House” on XM).

Willow LOVES Ajax and both Burke and I have been pleasantly surprised at what he tolerates.  She chases him around, she jumps up on him, she insists on licking his bowl and she charges through doors first.  She grabs his tail . . . he has shown her his teeth a few times and whistled at her once, but there have not been any WWF smack-downs or snaps.  He may attempt to put her in her place every now and then, but – for the most part – he secretly adores her.  Ajax is slowly emerging from his own “Blue Period” of laziness.  He plays whenever we play with Willow . . . it will come as no surprise to those who know him that he is particularly fond of games that involve treats.

I’ll post some new pictures of Willow and Ajax tomorrow (Ajax is harder to get photos of – he is afraid of the camera and turns his head every time he sees it) – it seems like Willow has doubled in size already and she is as quick as Usain Bolt!  We have to keep an eye on her at all times or she will be off wrestling with one of my running shoes or attacking Burke’s gym bag.

On the training front, she is awesome.  We have mastered sit, come, stay and leave it.  The one thing that we really need to work on is our ability to walk on a leash.  She likes to go where she likes to go and that generally involves trying to pull me there.  I have tried to stop or quickly turn around, bribe her with treats (everything the puppy books advise) . . . we struggled to get Ajax to walk on the leash without pulling and it literally took us 4 years to get him to walk without walking us (lots and lots of doggie school!).  Willow, Burke and I will start obedience school as soon as she gets her shots and we can wander beyond our yard.

More to come!

DNSCmd.exe is a Command Line Interface utility to display and modify Windows DNS (Domain Name System)servers. DNSCmd.exe is an equivalent to the DNS Server snap-in from the MMC (Microsoft Management Console).

Dnscmd is enhanced version of the dnsstat.exe utility in Windows NT which infact was replaced by Dnscmd.exe utility itself later on.

Dnscmd.exe can be used to display and edit the properties of DNS servers, DNS Zones and Resource Records. Dnscmd.exe can also be used to force replaication between DNS Server memory and DNS database and data files. Dnscmd.exe is also useful for the fact that it can run on the local server systems and on remote servers running DNS Server software.

The Syntax for Dnscmd.exe is

dnscmd <SERVER> Command [Command Parameters]

For a list of commands that can be run using the dnscmd utility, click here

Example:

To display a Complete list of Zones on a DNS Server

dnscmd example.com /enumzones

Enumerated zone list:
Zone Count = 6.

. 0 DS Up=0
0.0.10.in-addr.arpa 0 DS Rev Up=1
0.in-addr.arpa 1 file Rev Auto Up=0
255.in-addr.arpa 1 file Rev Auto Up=0
example.com 1 DS Up=0
host.example.com 1 file Up=1

Command completed successfully.

Delete Records in a node

dnscmd example.com /nodedelete host.example.com node /tree

Are you sure you want to delete node’s subtree? y

DNS Server example.com deleted node at node.host.example.com:
Status = 0 (0×00000000)
Command completed successfully.

For more examples, click here

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Logrotate is a Linux utility that renames and reuses system error log files on a periodic basis so that they don’t occupy excessive disk space.

The /etc/logrotate.conf File

This is logrotate’s general configuration file in which you can specify the frequency with which the files are reused.

o        You can specify either “weekly” or “daily” rotation parameter. In the case below the weekly option is “commented out” with a “#”, allowing for daily updates.

o        The “rotate” parameter specifies the number of copies of log files logrotate will maintain. In the case below the 4 copy option is “commented out” with a “#”, while allowing 7 copies.

o        The “create” parameter creates a new log file after each rotation

Therefore our sample configuration file will create daily archives of ALL the logfiles and store them for seven days. The files will have the following names with “logfile” being current active version:

logfile

logfile.0

logfile.1

logfile.2

logfile.3

logfile.4

logfile.5

logfile.6

Sample contents of /etc/logrotate.conf

# rotate log files weekly
#weekly

# rotate log files daily
daily

# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
#rotate 4

# keep 7 days worth of backlogs
rotate 7

# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create

The /etc/logrotate.d Directory

Most Linux applications that use syslog will put an additional configuration file in this directory to specify the names of the log files to be rotated. It is a good practice to verify that all new applications that you want to use the syslog log have configuration files in this directory. Here are some sample files which define the specific files to be rotated for each application.

The /etc/logrotate.d/syslog File (For General System Logging)

/var/log/cisco/* /var/log/messages /var/log/secure /var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler /var/log/boot.log /var/log/cron {

sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
endscript

}

The /etc/logrotate.d/apache File (For Apache)

/var/log/httpd/access_log /var/log/httpd/agent_log /var/log/httpd/error_log /var/log/httpd/referer_log {

missingok
sharedscripts
postrotate
/bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/run/httpd.pid 2>/dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
endscript

}

The /etc/logrotate.d/samba File (for SAMBA)

/var/log/samba/*.log {

notifempty
missingok
sharedscripts
copytruncate
postrotate
/bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/lock/samba/*.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
endscript

}

Activating logrotate

The above logrotate settings will not take effect until you issue the following command to do so:

[root@bigboy tmp]# logrotate –f

If you want logrotate to reload only a specifc configuration file, and not all of them, then issue the logrotate command with just that filename as the argument like this:

[root@bigboy tmp]# logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/syslog

This week has flown by! Every day bringing something new, this morning was quieter, we had some lovely cuddles before the girls got up and after greeting them, he played with space dog and pottered around. When I took Esther out at 8.30, he was ready for a big morning nap.

Esther and I went on one of our favourite walks from Back O’ Bennachie car park, turn right and walk across to where it overlooks Premnay, a good couple of miles. It was pretty wet so we only met a friendly Westie called Lilly. I saw a Bulfinch and a Jay; at least I think I did, they were very quick. We have seen deer on our walks up there. I can’t wait for Cosmo to start coming on walks, there’s such a world of discovery for him out there. He’s getting used to the hoover now in the morning, when we return. I pulse it first to warn him and then hum something happy, I don’t know if it helps but I know dogs are very in tune with our moods, so a happy relaxed mood should help. He’s not too worried anyway.

Unbelievably, I realised I haven’t used the food blender in a week! (I must have been distracted.) So when I started making Leek and Potato soup an hour ago, I pulsed it too as a warning. Cosmo seemed totally unphased, I think the smell of chicken stock was quite soothing!

While out walking I was thinking ‘Bloggie,’ thoughts. I was thinking about the commands we use, which start off verbal with a hand signal and progress to a whistle, ready for gun dog days and extremely useful on walks.

Our commands are always consistent as taught from the start, we don’t want to overwhelm Cosmo but we feel that it’s less confusing than introducing or changing things later and he’s so clever, he’s getting used to them already.

We use, ‘Hup,’ for ’sit,’ which is the gun dog way. Having said that, this little black pup sits at our feet regularly, wagging his tail, ears flopped back. He seemed to know when he moved in, that sitting gets a lot of praise!!!

When out, during walks we would say, ‘this way,’ if the dog starts to wander off too much, this doesn’t really apply to Cosmo yet but he follows it when we walk around the garden. Most people go through a period when a dog doesn’t want to come back to you. Instead of standing yelling the dog’s name, get his attention and then walk away or even jog away. The dog soon realizes that game is happening and comes after you, praise him like mad for this. Loads of cuddles, routine and praise at the start mean that the relationship becomes close very soon and the dog will want to be with you.

After some training, (as the dog gets older) we praise and then say, ‘go play,’ accompanied with a hand gesture.

By using these phrases with a consistent hand gesture, the pup soon learns what is wanted and is always praised immediately when he does something good.

A really important thing; I think is how to react when things go wrong. By reacting, ‘the human way,’ you can reinforce a negative emotion. You must always think the dog way, he can’t learn to see things in our way. If when out walking another dog who’s not under control or who has issues scares him, instead of picking him up while he’s scared and making a big fuss of him as we would a child, while talking verbally to the child. Block the other dog with your body, your dog will probably come straight to you and stand at your feet. If he’s fretting and jumping up, reach down and put a quiet hand on him just for silent reassurance, when he calms which he will do himself, praise him to bits as this reinforces what a happy clever boy he is. If you pick him and cuddle him when hes still scared, you will be telling him in ‘dog language,’ that he’s a good boy for being scared. This is the last thing you want to do. It may sound very different from what you’d think would be right but the dog who’s been loved and supported and socialized from the start will have  happy nature praised and will grow in confidence and it’s trust for you, will be reinforced.

Caesar Milan the dog whisperer on Sky tv, says that dogs need exercise, discipline and affection in that order. A dog who received cuddles but no walks will not be happy and calm. His energy must be channelled every day, no matter what the weather. Discipline can seem like a strong word, I prefer leadership. He’s a pack animal and gets security from knowing where he is in the pack. You are the leader, the house belongs to you, the sofa belongs to you. He should only sit on it if you say he can. He must respect you and ask permission. Starting this from when he’s big enough to jump on it, (not yet) makes this easier for him. Always walk through doors first, (particularly entrance doors, he mustn’t run out in front, there could be dangers outside) and never walk over a sleeping or lying dog, if you were top wolf, he’d know to move as you walked towards him. A simple ‘move,’ tells him the leader is walking through. Obviously we don’t yell move if Cosmo falls asleep on the floor, he’s a baby and needs not to be woken or scared.

Anyway, we are really into our dogs in our house and I could write and write but I have soup to get back to making. Tomorrow I want to talk about teaching a pup to ‘leave it.’ If this is done right, it will work for cat food, fox poo, deer legs, shoes etc. It will make life so much easier!

No dogs behave perfectly all the time, people don’t either but all dogs are happier if they know what’s expected of them, wolves in a pack know this. During the day I’m alpha female, when David is home, even Esther will ignore me at times. This used to really frustrate me but now when we all go out for a walk, I enjoy the view and he wears the whistle, if he daydreams and I see them head off after a deer scent, then I tell him and funnily enough most of the time there’s a 50/50 split in who’s looking at the view and who’s dog watching.

pdf

Currently each programmer writing a bot for Google Wave is able to write whatever they want, sometimes providing support, but using their own, custom syntax. Having a set of commands which all (or many) bots implement would make the user experience far better, as users would then be able to easily find out how to use the bot, or where to find additional help.
e.g.
botName@appspot.com /? //see /help
botName@appspot.com /help //brings up a list of commands available
botName@appspot.com /about //displays a summary of what this robot does
botName@appspot.com /devsite //provides a link to the developer’s site
botName@appspot.com /mode private //the bot’s responses are only shown to the person who invited it
botName@appspot.com /mode public //everyone in the wave sees the bot’s responses

I’ve also made a summary of this post available on the Google Wave Bots site. Please can you post any responses to that site, as this will allow all communications to be kept in the same place.

apptrace – for tracing library calls
dtrace – debugger, new in version 10
pargs – get list of arguments and environment variables with which process was started
pfiles – list of file descriptors, associated with process
pgrep – get the PID’s of processes by name i.e. Something like ps -efl|grep -v grep|grep process_name
pkill – send signal to process. For example pkill -9 init :-P
pldd – list dynamic libraries, associated with process, similar to ldd for executable
plockstat – see list of locked by process files. Lock can be mutex i.e. exclusive and reader/writer for shared access
pmap – get memory map (segments) of process
preap – try to kick-off zombie process
prstat – fullscreen view of processes sorted by different criteria, similar to Linux top command
prun – continue hold with pstop process
ps – print process information and status. In Solaris exist SYSV and BSD variants, respectively /usr/bin/ps and /usr/ucb/ps
psig – list signals that can be handled by process
pstack – get backtrace stack of process for debugging purposes
pstop – temporary hold process
ptree – print the tree of processes
pwait – wait till process finish
pwdx – list working directory for process, like pwd command
truss – for tracing user/library/system calls and signals

Examples

apptrace

# apptrace man
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int atexit(int (*)() = 0xd27d6bfc)
<- man      -> libc.so.1:atexit()
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int atexit(int (*)() = 0x8054e8c)
<- man      -> libc.so.1:atexit()
-> man      -> libc.so.1:void __fpstart(void)
<- man      -> libc.so.1:__fpstart() = 0xd251fc94
-> man      -> libc.so.1:access(0x8055984, 0x1, 0x8047e30) ** NR
-> man      -> libc.so.1:char * setlocale(int = 0x6, const char * = 0x8055980 "")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:setlocale() = 0xd25002ed
-> man      -> libc.so.1:char * setlocale(int = 0x5, const char * = 0x0 <NULL>)
<- man      -> libc.so.1:setlocale() = 0xd25002ed
-> man      -> libc.so.1:strcpy(0x80669e8, 0xd25002ed, 0x8047e30) ** NR
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int strcmp(const char * = 0x805597c "C", const char * = 0x80669e8 "C")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:strcmp()
-> man      -> libc.so.1:char * textdomain(const char * = 0x8055968 "SUNW_OST_OSCMD")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:textdomain() = 0x80683e0
-> man      -> libc.so.1:strcpy(0x80665e8, 0x8055960, 0x8047e30) ** NR
-> man      -> libc.so.1:char * getenv(const char * = 0x8054fc0 "MANPATH")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:getenv()
-> man      -> libc.so.1:strrchr(0x8047e98, 0x2f, 0x8047e30) ** NR
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int strcmp(const char * = 0x8047e98 "man", const char * = 0x8054fb8 "apropos")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:strcmp() = 0xc
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int strcmp(const char * = 0x8047e98 "man", const char * = 0x8055958 "whatis")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:strcmp() = 0xfffffff6
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int strcmp(const char * = 0x8047e98 "man", const char * = 0x8055944 "catman")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:strcmp() = 0xa
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int getopt(int = 0x1, char *const * = 0x8047de4, const char * = 0x8066420 "FfkrP:M:T:ts:lad")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:getopt() = 0xffffffff
-> man      -> libc.so.1:char * gettext(const char * = 0x8055838 "usage:        man [-] [-adFlrt] [-M path] [-T macro-package ] [ -s  section ] name ...
        man [-M path] -k keyword ...
        man [-M path] -f file ...")
<- man      -> libc.so.1:gettext() = 0x8055838
-> man      -> libc.so.1:int fprintf(FILE * = 0x8067610, const char * = 0x8054f7c "%s
", void * = 0x8055838, ...)
usage:  man [-] [-adFlrt] [-M path] [-T macro-package ] [ -s section ] name ...
        man [-M path] -k keyword ...
        man [-M path] -f file ...
<- man      -> libc.so.1:fprintf() = 0x88
-> man      -> libc.so.1:exit(0x2, 0x8047e30, 0x8047da0) ** NR

in the above example you can clearly see library calls as fprintf(), strcmp(), getenv(), etc.

# pargs 558
558:    /usr/lib/sendmail -Ac -q15m
argv[0]: sendmail: Queue runner@00:15:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue

argv[1]: <NULL>
argv[2]: @00:15:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue

in above example you see the arguments for starting sendmail as a daemon

# pfiles 558
558:    /usr/lib/sendmail -Ac -q15m
  Current rlimit: 1024 file descriptors
   0: S_IFCHR mode:0666 dev:270,0 ino:6815752 uid:0 gid:3 rdev:13,2
      O_RDONLY
      /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null
   1: S_IFCHR mode:0666 dev:270,0 ino:6815752 uid:0 gid:3 rdev:13,2
      O_WRONLY
      /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null
   2: S_IFCHR mode:0666 dev:270,0 ino:6815752 uid:0 gid:3 rdev:13,2
      O_WRONLY
      /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null
   3: S_IFDOOR mode:0444 dev:279,0 ino:53 uid:0 gid:0 size:0
      O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE FD_CLOEXEC  door to nscd[366]
      /var/run/name_service_door
   4: S_IFCHR mode:0666 dev:270,0 ino:11010052 uid:0 gid:3 rdev:21,0
      O_WRONLY FD_CLOEXEC
      /devices/pseudo/log@0:conslog
   5: S_IFREG mode:0600 dev:102,0 ino:189384 uid:25 gid:25 size:32
      O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL
      /var/spool/clientmqueue/sm-client.pid

Here you see a list of files as NULL, console log, some PID files. On the top you can see the maximum number of file handlers for this process, with info that can be helpful for troubleshooting of applications

# pgrep named
586

Something like ps -efl|grep -v grep|grep process_name|awk ‘{print $1}’

# ps -e|grep -v grep|grep named|awk '{print $1}'
586

# pgrep named
628
# pkill named
# pgrep named
636
#

As you see, the named daemon was killed and respawned (with new PID)

# pldd 636
636:    /usr/sbin/named
/usr/lib/dns/liblwres.so.1.1.2
/usr/lib/dns/libdns.so.16.0.0
/usr/lib/dns/libisccfg.so.0.0.11
/usr/sfw/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.7
/usr/lib/dns/libisccc.so.0.1.0
/usr/lib/dns/libisc.so.7.1.5
/lib/libnsl.so.1
/lib/libsocket.so.1
/lib/libscf.so.1
/lib/libpthread.so.1
/lib/libthread.so.1
/lib/libc.so.1
/lib/libdoor.so.1
/lib/libuutil.so.1
# ldd /usr/sbin/named
        liblwres.so.1 =>         /usr/lib/dns/liblwres.so.1
        libdns.so.16 =>  /usr/lib/dns/libdns.so.16
        libisccfg.so.0 =>        /usr/lib/dns/libisccfg.so.0
        libcrypto.so.0.9.7 =>    /usr/sfw/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.7
        libisccc.so.0 =>         /usr/lib/dns/libisccc.so.0
        libisc.so.7 =>   /usr/lib/dns/libisc.so.7
        libnsl.so.1 =>   /lib/libnsl.so.1
        libsocket.so.1 =>        /lib/libsocket.so.1
        libscf.so.1 =>   /lib/libscf.so.1
        libpthread.so.1 =>       /lib/libpthread.so.1
        libthread.so.1 =>        /lib/libthread.so.1
        libc.so.1 =>     /lib/libc.so.1
        libmp.so.2 =>    /lib/libmp.so.2
        libmd5.so.1 =>   /lib/libmd5.so.1
        libdoor.so.1 =>  /lib/libdoor.so.1
        libuutil.so.1 =>         /lib/libuutil.so.1
        libm.so.2 =>     /lib/libm.so.2

Results from both commands are almost the same :-) Why? Ask SUN

# pmap 636
636:    /usr/sbin/named
08046000       8K rw----    [ stack ]
08050000     232K r-x--  /usr/sbin/named
08099000      16K rwx--  /usr/sbin/named
0809D000     544K rwx--    [ heap ]
D21ED000       4K rw--R    [ stack tid=4 ]
D21F0000      64K rwx--    [ anon ]
D2218000       4K rw--R    [ stack tid=3 ]
D221B000       4K rwxs-    [ anon ]
D2236000      16K rw--R    [ stack tid=2 ]
D223C000      64K rw----    [ anon ]
D224E000      64K rw----    [ anon ]
D2260000      24K rwx--    [ anon ]
D2270000       4K rwx--    [ anon ]
D2280000      24K r-x--  /lib/libuutil.so.1
D2296000       4K rw----  /lib/libuutil.so.1
D22A0000       4K r-x--  /lib/libdoor.so.1
D22B1000       4K rw----  /lib/libdoor.so.1
D22C0000       4K rwx--    [ anon ]
D22D0000     740K r-x--  /lib/libc.so.1
D2399000      24K rw----  /lib/libc.so.1
D239F000       8K rw----  /lib/libc.so.1
D23B0000      16K r-x--  /lib/libthread.so.1
D23C0000      12K r-x--  /lib/libpthread.so.1
D23D0000      88K r-x--  /lib/libscf.so.1
D23F6000       4K rw----  /lib/libscf.so.1
D2400000       4K rwx--    [ anon ]
D2410000      44K r-x--  /lib/libsocket.so.1
D242B000       4K rw----  /lib/libsocket.so.1
D2430000     512K r-x--  /lib/libnsl.so.1
D24B0000      20K rw----  /lib/libnsl.so.1
D24B5000      32K rw----  /lib/libnsl.so.1
D24C0000     228K r-x--  /usr/lib/dns/libisc.so.7.1.5
D2508000       8K rwx--  /usr/lib/dns/libisc.so.7.1.5
D2510000      24K r-x--  /usr/lib/dns/libisccc.so.0.1.0
D2525000       4K rwx--  /usr/lib/dns/libisccc.so.0.1.0
D2530000       4K rwx--    [ anon ]
D2540000     924K r-x--  /usr/sfw/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.7
D2637000      84K rw----  /usr/sfw/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.7
D264C000       8K rw----  /usr/sfw/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.7
D2650000      48K r-x--  /usr/lib/dns/libisccfg.so.0.0.11
D266B000      12K rwx--  /usr/lib/dns/libisccfg.so.0.0.11
D2670000    1024K r-x--  /usr/lib/dns/libdns.so.16.0.0
D277F000      20K rwx--  /usr/lib/dns/libdns.so.16.0.0
D2790000       4K rwx--    [ anon ]
D27A0000      56K r-x--  /usr/lib/dns/liblwres.so.1.1.2
D27BD000       4K rwx--  /usr/lib/dns/liblwres.so.1.1.2
D27CA000     132K r-x--  /lib/ld.so.1
D27FB000       4K rwx--  /lib/ld.so.1
D27FC000       8K rwx--  /lib/ld.so.1
 total      5192K

This command helps in the process of fine-tuning large applications, especially for resolving emory leak issues

# ps -efl|grep 551
 0 Z     root   551   550   0   0  -        -      0        -        - ?           0:00 <defunct>
# preap 551
551: exited with status 0
# ps -efl|grep 551

In above example, this tool successfully removes zombie process. Otherwise the only way to kill them is to reboot

# prstat
   PID USERNAME  SIZE   RSS STATE  PRI NICE      TIME  CPU PROCESS/NLWP
   744 root     4376K 4080K cpu0    39    0   0:00:00 0.4% prstat/1
   560 root     6988K 1944K sleep   59    0   0:00:01 0.1% sshd/1
   468 root       31M   13M sleep   59    0   0:00:04 0.1% Xorg/1
   550 root     9576K 6856K sleep   59    0   0:00:01 0.0% dtgreet/1
   577 root     1160K  892K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% ksh/1
   366 root     3476K 2472K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% nscd/27
   699 root     6984K 1948K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% sshd/1
   506 root     6672K 4776K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% snmpd/1
   476 root     2724K 1552K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% dmispd/1
   481 root     3268K 1964K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% snmpXdmid/2
   532 root     2492K 1928K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% vold/5
   538 root     2352K 1564K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% devfsadm/6
   457 root     4448K 1668K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% dtlogin/1
   458 root     2040K 1240K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% snmpdx/1
   466 root     1468K  724K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% fbconsole/1
   413 root     1700K  700K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% smcboot/1
   562 root     1076K  824K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% sh/1
   412 root     1700K  700K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% smcboot/1
   356 root     3336K 1176K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% sshd/1
   533 root     7480K 2860K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% dtlogin/1
   411 root     1704K 1032K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% smcboot/1
   263 root     1064K  620K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% utmpd/1
   359 root     4400K 2212K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% syslogd/16
   261 root     3936K 3004K sleep   59    0   0:00:02 0.0% inetd/4
   264 root     1888K 1084K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% ttymon/1
   241 daemon   2340K 1520K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% statd/1
   122 root     1328K  904K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% powerd/3
   202 root     2228K  884K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% cron/1
    96 root     2128K 1288K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% syseventd/14
   554 root     7200K 3664K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% sshd/1
   361 root     9272K 5640K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% fmd/14
   244 daemon   2072K 1312K sleep   60  -20   0:00:00 0.0% lockd/2
    55 root     1952K  924K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% dhcpagent/1
   253 root     1700K  892K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% sac/1
   232 daemon   2288K 1012K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% rpcbind/1
   123 daemon   3908K 2016K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% kcfd/3
   117 root     2468K 1544K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% picld/4
   339 root     4252K 1592K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% automountd/3
   175 root     1852K  952K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% in.routed/1
     9 root     9000K 8068K sleep   59    0   0:00:11 0.0% svc.configd/18
     7 root     8888K 7940K sleep   59    0   0:00:05 0.0% svc.startd/13
   260 root     1948K 1168K sleep   59    0   0:00:00 0.0% ttymon/1

The program in default view is less informative that top, but can give you info for zones, projects and even for processes bind to specific processor. Use the -u option to limit display to specific users. Use the -p option to limit display to specific processes

# /usr/bin/ps
   PID TTY         TIME CMD
   562 pts/2       0:00 sh
   577 pts/2       0:00 ksh
   757 pts/2       0:00 ps
# /usr/ucb/ps
   PID TT       S  TIME COMMAND
   260 console  S  0:00 /usr/lib/saf/ttymon -g -d /dev/console -l console -T sun-color -m ldterm,ttcompat -h -p unknown console lo
   562 pts/2    S  0:00 -sh
   577 pts/2    S  0:00 ksh -o ksh
   759 pts/2    O  0:00 /usr/ucb/ps
   701 pts/3    S  0:00 -sh

# psig 636
636:    /usr/sbin/named
HUP     default
INT     default
QUIT    default
ILL     default
TRAP    default
ABRT    default
EMT     default
FPE     default
KILL    default
BUS     default
SEGV    default
SYS     default
PIPE    ignored
ALRM    default
TERM    default
USR1    default
USR2    default
CLD     default                 NOCLDSTOP
PWR     default
WINCH   default
URG     default
POLL    default
STOP    default
TSTP    ignored
CONT    default
TTIN    ignored
TTOU    ignored
VTALRM  default
PROF    default
XCPU    default
XFSZ    ignored
WAITING default
LWP     default
FREEZE  default
THAW    default
CANCEL  default
LOST    default
XRES    default
JVM1    default
JVM2    default
RTMIN   default
RTMIN+1 default
RTMIN+2 default
RTMIN+3 default
RTMAX-3 default
RTMAX-2 default
RTMAX-1 default
RTMAX   default

# pstack 636
636:    /usr/sbin/named
----------------------  lwp# 1 / thread# 1  --------------------------
 d23700a5 sigtimedwait (8047ce0, 8047cf0, 0)
 d23655a6 sigwait  (8047dc0) + 1c
 d235e206 __posix_sigwait (8047dc0, 8047e60) + 2e
 d24db3dd isc_app_run (8047ec8, 8047e60, d27fb840, 0, 8047e98, 805c33e) + 158
 08066da7 main     (1, 8047ea4, 8047eac) + fe
 0805c33e ???????? (1, 8047f30, 0, 8047f40, 8047f47, 8047f5f)
----------------------  lwp# 2 / thread# 2  --------------------------
 d236fc99 lwp_park (0, 0, 0)
 d236a501 cond_wait_queue (80a2a7c, 80a2a48, 0, 0) + 3b
 d236a9fa _cond_wait (80a2a7c, 80a2a48) + 66
 d236aa3c cond_wait (80a2a7c, 80a2a48) + 21
 d236aa75 pthread_cond_wait (80a2a7c, 80a2a48) + 1b
 d24d871b dispatch (80a2a40, d2239fec, d236f93e, 80a2a40, 0, 0) + a0
 d24d8ba2 run      (80a2a40) + c
 d236f93e _thr_setup (d2262400) + 4e
 d236fc20 _lwp_start (d2262400, 0, 0, d2239ff8, d236fc20, d2262400)
----------------------  lwp# 3 / thread# 3  --------------------------
 d236fc99 lwp_park (0, d2218ec8, 0)
 d236a501 cond_wait_queue (80a2ae8, 80a2ab8, d2218ec8, 0) + 3b
 d236a8a1 cond_wait_common (80a2ae8, 80a2ab8, d2218ec8) + 1df
 d236aad5 _cond_timedwait (80a2ae8, 80a2ab8, d2218f28) + 51
 d236ab40 cond_timedwait (80a2ae8, 80a2ab8, d2218f28) + 24
 d236ab7c pthread_cond_timedwait (80a2ae8, 80a2ab8, d2218f28) + 1e
 d24e7601 isc_condition_waituntil (80a2ae8, 80a2ab8, 80a2ae0) + 81
 d24da800 run      (80a2ab0) + a2
 d236f93e _thr_setup (d21f0000) + 4e
 d236fc20 _lwp_start (d21f0000, 0, 0, d2218ff8, d236fc20, d21f0000)
----------------------  lwp# 4 / thread# 4  --------------------------
 d2370cd5 pollsys  (d21edce0, 6, 0, 0)
 d231ecca pselect  (1c, d21ede40, d21edec0, d239a868, 0, 0) + 18e
 d231efad select   (1c, d21ede40, d21edec0, 0, 0) + 6f
 d24e355c watcher  (80a5bd0) + bd
 d236f93e _thr_setup (d21f0400) + 4e
 d236fc20 _lwp_start (d21f0400, 0, 0, d21edff8, d236fc20, d21f0400)

This command can sometimes be very helpful for debugging daemons. You can see the function call stack by thread, in real-time

# ps -efl|grep ssh
 0 S     root   554   356   0  40 20 d419b870   1800 d4c87e72 21:03:52 ?           0:00 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
 0 S     root   356     1   0  40 20 d4195320    834 d49f3432 21:02:46 ?           0:00 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
 0 S     root   560   554   0  40 20 d41931a0   1747 d4c87ab2 21:05:03 ?           0:02 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
 0 S     root   812   809   0  40 20 d418a270   1746 d50402f2 22:09:00 ?           0:00 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
 0 S     root   809   356   0  40 20 d4189a10   1801 d4c874f2 22:08:47 ?           0:00 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
# pstop 356
# ssh localhost
(here I stop with ctrl-C ssh client after 5 minutes of waiting)
# prun 356
# ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is da:14:db:bc:2f:e0:0f:ef:f6:3f:12:0e:f4:77:0c:00.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Wed Jun 13 22:09:00 2007 from gateway
Sun Microsystems Inc.   SunOS 5.10      Generic January 2005
#

Command is interesting, but I don’t see much benefit for daily tasks

# ptree
7     /lib/svc/bin/svc.startd
  253   /usr/lib/saf/sac -t 300
    264   /usr/lib/saf/ttymon
  260   /usr/lib/saf/ttymon -g -d /dev/console -l console -T sun-color -m ldterm,ttcomp
9     /lib/svc/bin/svc.configd
55    /sbin/dhcpagent
96    /usr/lib/sysevent/syseventd
117   /usr/lib/picl/picld
122   /usr/lib/power/powerd
123   /usr/lib/crypto/kcfd
175   /usr/sbin/in.routed
202   /usr/sbin/cron
232   /usr/sbin/rpcbind
241   /usr/lib/nfs/statd
244   /usr/lib/nfs/lockd
261   /usr/lib/inet/inetd start
263   /usr/lib/utmpd
339   /usr/lib/autofs/automountd
356   /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
  554   /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
    560   /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
      562   -sh
        577   ksh -o vi
          771   ptree
  696   /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
    699   /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
      701   -sh
359   /usr/sbin/syslogd
361   /usr/lib/fm/fmd/fmd
366   /usr/sbin/nscd
411   /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
  412   /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
  413   /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
457   /usr/dt/bin/dtlogin -daemon
  466   /usr/openwin/bin/fbconsole -n -d :0
  468   /usr/X11/bin/Xorg :0 -depth 24 -nobanner -auth /var/dt/A:0-Zgai5a
  533   /usr/dt/bin/dtlogin -daemon
    550   dtgreet -display :0
458   /usr/lib/snmp/snmpdx -y -c /etc/snmp/conf
476   /usr/lib/dmi/dmispd
481   /usr/lib/dmi/snmpXdmid -s unknown
506   /usr/sfw/sbin/snmpd
532   /usr/sbin/vold -f /etc/vold.conf
538   devfsadmd
636   /usr/sbin/named

No need for comments :-)

# ps -efl|grep name
 0 S     root   875     1   0  45 20 d4188950   1298 d553ab16 22:17:58 ?           0:00 /usr/sbin/named
# pwait 875
(in this moment from another terminal I execute svcadm disable dns/server)
#

Maybe this command will be great in some specific scripts

# pwdx 636
636:    /var/named

Can be helpful in case of strange errors when unmount some filesystem

# truss ls
execve("/usr/bin/ls", 0x08047E40, 0x08047E48)  argc = 1
resolvepath("/usr/lib/ld.so.1", "/lib/ld.so.1", 1023) = 12
resolvepath("/usr/bin/ls", "/usr/bin/ls", 1023) = 11
sysconfig(_CONFIG_PAGESIZE)                     = 4096
xstat(2, "/usr/bin/ls", 0x08047C38)             = 0
open("/var/ld/ld.config", O_RDONLY)             Err#2 ENOENT
xstat(2, "/lib/libsec.so.1", 0x080474D0)        = 0
resolvepath("/lib/libsec.so.1", "/lib/libsec.so.1", 1023) = 16
open("/lib/libsec.so.1", O_RDONLY)              = 3
mmap(0x00010000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ALIGN, 3, 0) = 0xD27C0000
mmap(0x00010000, 139264, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_NORESERVE|MAP_ANON|MAP_ALIGN, -1, 0) = 0xD2790000
mmap(0xD2790000, 49071, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_TEXT, 3, 0) = 0xD2790000
mmap(0xD27AC000, 12169, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_INITDATA, 3, 49152) = 0xD27AC000
mmap(0xD27AF000, 8536, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANON, -1, 0) = 0xD27AF000
munmap(0xD279C000, 65536)                       = 0
memcntl(0xD2790000, 8776, MC_ADVISE, MADV_WILLNEED, 0, 0) = 0
close(3)                                        = 0

mmap(0x00000000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0) = 0xD2780000
xstat(2, "/lib/libc.so.1", 0x080474D0)          = 0
resolvepath("/lib/libc.so.1", "/lib/libc.so.1", 1023) = 14
open("/lib/libc.so.1", O_RDONLY)                = 3
mmap(0xD27C0000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0xD27C0000
mmap(0x00010000, 856064, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_NORESERVE|MAP_ANON|MAP_ALIGN, -1, 0) = 0xD26A0000
mmap(0xD26A0000, 754581, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_TEXT, 3, 0) = 0xD26A0000
mmap(0xD2769000, 24239, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_INITDATA, 3, 757760) = 0xD2769000
mmap(0xD276F000, 5656, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANON, -1, 0) = 0xD276F000
munmap(0xD2759000, 65536)                       = 0
memcntl(0xD26A0000, 120300, MC_ADVISE, MADV_WILLNEED, 0, 0) = 0
close(3)                                        = 0
xstat(2, "/lib/libavl.so.1", 0x080474D0)        = 0
resolvepath("/lib/libavl.so.1", "/lib/libavl.so.1", 1023) = 16
open("/lib/libavl.so.1", O_RDONLY)              = 3
mmap(0xD27C0000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0xD27C0000
mmap(0x00010000, 73728, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_NORESERVE|MAP_ANON|MAP_ALIGN, -1, 0) = 0xD2680000
mmap(0xD2680000, 2788, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_TEXT, 3, 0) = 0xD2680000
mmap(0xD2691000, 204, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_INITDATA, 3, 4096) = 0xD2691000
munmap(0xD2681000, 65536)                       = 0
memcntl(0xD2680000, 1056, MC_ADVISE, MADV_WILLNEED, 0, 0) = 0
close(3)                                        = 0
munmap(0xD27C0000, 4096)                        = 0
mmap(0x00010000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON|MAP_ALIGN, -1, 0) = 0xD27C0000
getcontext(0x080479D0)
getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, 0x080479C8)             = 0
getpid()                                        = 786 [785]
lwp_private(0, 1, 0xD27C2000)                   = 0x000001C3
setustack(0xD27C2060)
sysi86(SI86FPSTART, 0xD276FCD8, 0x0000133F, 0x00001F80) = 0x00000001
brk(0x080651E8)                                 = 0
brk(0x080671E8)                                 = 0
time()                                          = 1181761288
ioctl(1, TCGETA, 0x08047B9C)                    = 0
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, 0x08064460)                = 0
brk(0x080671E8)                                 = 0
brk(0x080711E8)                                 = 0
lstat64(".", 0x08046A70)                        = 0
openat(-3041965, ".", O_RDONLY|O_NDELAY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, 0x00000001)                   = 0
fstat64(3, 0x08047AC0)                          = 0
getdents64(3, 0xD27C4000, 8192)                 = 992
getdents64(3, 0xD27C4000, 8192)                 = 0
close(3)                                        = 0
ioctl(1, TCGETA, 0x08045E44)                    = 0
fstat64(1, 0x08045DB0)                          = 0
TT_DB       cdrom       etc         kernel      mnt         platform    system      var
write(1, " T T _ D B              ".., 88)      = 88
bin         dev         export      lib         net         proc        tmp         vol
write(1, " b i n                  ".., 88)      = 88
boot        devices     home        lost+found  opt         sbin        usr
write(1, " b o o t                ".., 76)      = 76
_exit(0)

Shows you system calls made by a process along with parameters of the function – very good for program execution traces. Use -u a.out to see user-level function calls. Note “a.out” is typed literally as “a.out” – not replaced with the name of the program

apptrace – for tracing library calls
dtrace – debugger, new in version 10
pargs – get list of arguments and environment variables with which process was started
pfiles – list of file descriptors, associated with process
pgrep – get the PID’s of processes by name i.e. Something like ps -efl|grep -v grep|grep process_name
pkill – send signal to process. For example pkill -9 init :-P
pldd – list dynamic libraries, associated with process, similar to ldd for executable
plockstat – see list of locked by process files. Lock can be mutex i.e. exclusive and reader/writer for shared access
pmap – get memory map (segments) of process
preap – try to kick-off zombie process
prstat – fullscreen view of processes sorted by different criteria, similar to Linux top command
prun – continue hold with pstop process
ps – print process information and status. In Solaris exist SYSV and BSD variants, respectively /usr/bin/ps and /usr/ucb/ps
psig – list signals that can be handled by process
pstack – get backtrace stack of process for debugging purposes
pstop – temporary hold process
ptree – print the tree of processes
pwait – wait till process finish
pwdx – list working directory for process, like pwd command
truss – for tracing user/library/system calls and signals

ls -ltarh : This command would list all the files in a directory in a reverse order and in human readable format.

jobs : This would list all the jobs running on the system.

fg : This would unsuspend a job and bring it to foreground.

bg : This would run a suspended job in background.

& : Append & at the end of the command to run the command in background.

mkdir <dir-name>: This would create a directory in linux, replace <dir-name> with the name of the directory you want to create.

rm -rf <dir-name>: This would remove the current directory, sub directories and all the files within it. because rmdir command works fine only when the directory is empty.

cp : This command is you to copy files or directories, for example to copy a file mytext.txt from current location to /var/temp you would give the command as cp mytext.txt /var/temp

Suppose if you want to copy more than one file the command would be like this: cp -v file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt /var/tmp this would copy files file1.txt, file2.txt and file3.txt to /var/tmp and -v would display the progress while copying.

To copy a entire directory all with its sub directories and files the command would be: cp -rpv dir1 dir2 this would copy the contents of dir1 to dir2.

mv : This command is used to move or rename a directory or file.

To check whether a package is installed in your system or not? rpm -qa | grep -i emacs this will check whether emacs is installed or not.

pwd : This command would display the current directory in which you are located.

cd : This command is used to navigate to directories, for example cd /home/shuaib/shahzan

That’s it for now, rest will continue in next post.

Shuaib Shahzan

We have much to be thankful for.

No matter how some people try to re-write our history, the United States began with clear acknowledgment of God and expressions of dependence on Him. It is time to restore a heart of praise and thanksgiving to God.

In 1789, George Washington made a public proclamation for Thanksgiving. Here are some of his words: “By the President of the United States of America, A proclamation: Whereas, it is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for His benefits, and humbly to implore His protection and favor . . .”

“And whereas, both Houses of Congress have by their joint committee requested me to recommend to the people of the United States a day of Public Thanksgiving and Prayer, to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many signal favors of Almighty God . . . “

“Now, therefore I do recommend and assign Thursday, the 26^th day of November next, to be devoted by the People of these States to the service of that great and glorious Being who is the beneficent Author of all the good that was, that is, or that will.” So read the very first Presidential Thanksgiving Proclamation!

Of course most people know the story of the pilgrims and how they and the Native Indians of the area had a Thanksgiving feast in 1621—long before Washington’s proclamation. Even earlier than 1621—we find people offering up thanks to God. In the Old Testament the people of Israel sing a Psalm of Thanksgiving:

Psalm 100 has a very unique title. Where most Psalms tell who wrote it, this one simply states:

A Psalm for Thanksgiving. (Reflect on each word and put this Psalm into practice)

This Psalm has Five commands:

1. Shout joyfully to the Lord, all the earth.
2. Serve the Lord with gladness;
3. Come before Him with joyful singing.
4. Know

• that the Lord Himself is God;
• It is He who has made us, and not we ourselves;
• We are His people and the sheep of His pasture.

5. Enter His gates with thanksgiving and His courts with praise. Give thanks to Him, bless His name.

It gives Three Reasons for Thanksgiving:

1. For the Lord is good;
2. His lovingkindness is everlasting
3. And His faithfulness to all generations.

Our thanksgiving and praise is not based on our circumstances, but on our Lord! We can have joy as we come into His presence as Psalm 16:11 states: “In Your presence is fullness of joy.” No matter what you’re going through, “in everything give thanks for this is God’s will for you in Christ Jesus” (I Thessalonians 5:18). We are also warned that the wicked “even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks” (Romans 1:21).

I want to encourage you to focus your mind on the Lord and tell Him, “Thank You!” Counting your blessings is a great way to gain a proper perspective. We celebrate Thanksgiving once a year, but we should all try to make it a daily practice. I thank God for you, whoever is reading this now and I pray that you will know God personally and experience His love and forgiveness.

Could be useful if you have a problem with wireless for example.  Click here.

We can rename a computer from command-line on Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP in a domain environment with Active Directory. In Windows XP, we need to install the Windows XP support tools and in Windows Server 2003, we need Administrators pack installed.

To download the support tools for Windows XP SP2, click here

To download the Administrator pack for Windows Server 2003, click here

To rename a computer attached to a Domain:

C:\Users\Administrator> netdom renamecomputer SAI /newname:SAIBABA /userD:hq\Administrator Passwordd:**** /usero:hq\Administrator /passwordo:***** /reboot

This renames the computer and reboots for the changes to take effect.

The syntax is

netdom renamecomputer <CurrentName> /newname:<NewName> /userD:<Domain Admin User> Passwordd:domainpass /usero:<localAdmin> /passwordo:localpass /reboot

In the above, if you enter “*” instead of the password then it will prompt for the respective user password.

The UserD & PasswordD options allows to make connection to the domain controller

The UserO & passworO options allows to make connection to the local host. This could be the same as the Domain Admin.

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In Windows Server 2008, we can setup the DHCP Server role and configure DHCP paramters including Scope, IP Range etc and the startup type all from command line. This is especially useful, if you are using Windows Server Core installation.

The following step by step procedure should help you just do that:

Install DHCP Server role

The following command from the command prompt should add the DHCP Server Role.

C:\Users\Administrator>start /w ocsetup DHCPServer

In Windows Server 2008 Core, the Role name is “DHCPServerCore”. So, in Windows Server 2008 Core installation, it is

C:\Users\Administrator>start /w ocsetup DHCPServerCore

Set DHCP Service to be Automatic

By default, after the role is enabled, the Service is still disabled. Hence Set the type to Auto as follows

C:\Users\Administrator> sc config dhcpserver start= auto

Start the DHCP Server

C:\Users\Administrator>net start dhcpserver

Add DHCP Server and Authroize in AD

If the DHCP server is installed in an Active Directory domain, you must authorize it in Active Directory. Now, let’s use the netsh commands to setup the server and configure the relevant parameters.

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp add server dc1 192.168.0.5

Adding server dc1, 192.168.0.5

Command completed successfully.

Where DC1, is the DHCP Server and the IP Address follows it

Add DHCP Scope

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 add scope 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 Scope1 Scopevlan10

Command completed successfully.

In the above the

DHCP scope – 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0

Scope1 – Scope Name

ScopeVlan10 – Comment for the scope

Syntax is

netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 add scope <Subnet> <Subnet mask> <ScopeName> <Scope comment>

Set Scope IP Range

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 scope 192.168.10.0 add ipra nge 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.254

Changed the current scope context to 192.168.10.0 scope.

Command completed successfully.

Here the IP range is 192.68.10.1-192.168.10.254 for the scope 192.168.10.0

Syntax is

netsh dhcp server <Server> scope 192.168.10.0 add iprange <StartIP> <EndIP>

Add Exclusion Range

Add any IP Exclusion ranges if any.

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 scope 192.168.10.0 add excluderange 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.25

Changed the current scope context to 192.168.10.0 scope.

Command completed successfully.

Here the exclusion list has the range between 192.168.10.1 to 192.168.10.25

Syntax is

netsh dhcp server <Server> scope <Scope> add excluderange <StartExclusion> <End-Exclusion>

Set Option Code 003 for Default Routers

Set the option Code 003 and specify the Gateways

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 scope 192.168.10.0 set optionvalue 003 IPADDRESS 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2

Changed the current scope context to 192.168.10.0 scope.

Command completed successfully.

Here the gateways are 10.1.1.1 & 10.1.1.2

Syntax is

netsh dhcp server <Server> scope 192.168.10.0 set optionvalue 003 IPADDRESS <Gateway1> <Gateway2>

Set Option Code 006 for Default DNS Servers

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 scope 192.168.10.0 set optionvalue 006 IPADDRESS 192.168.0.5 192.168.10.1

Changed the current scope context to 192.168.10.0 scope.

Command completed successfully.

Here the DNS Servers are 192.168.0.5 & 192.168.10.1

Syntax is

netsh dhcp server <Server> scope 192.168.10.0 set optionvalue 006 IPADDRESS <Primary DNS> <Secondary DNS>

Activate DHCP Server Scope

Now, the relevant DHCP settings are complete. Lets activate the Scope

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh dhcp server 192.168.0.5 scope 192.168.10.0 set state 1

Changed the current scope context to 192.168.10.0 scope.

Command completed successfully.

This should help you up and running with DHCP in less than 5 minutes. You can always modify from command line or by using DHCP MMC later on!!!

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You can join a Computer or a Member server from the command line usinf the the “netdom” command. This I should say is simpler than the right-click my computer thing. Just one single command will do…

The following procedure should work in Windows Server-2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP. Although, you need the Administrator pack/Support Tools to be installed to get the netdom utility in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP.

To download the support tools for Windows XP SP2, click here

To download the Administrator pack for Windows Server 2003, click here

1. Click Start – Run (in Windows Server 2008/Vista, Start-Search and type “Run”)

2. From the command prompt type

C:\Users\administrator> netdom join client1 /domain:hq.wr.com /userd:administrator /passwordd:******

Syntax is

netdom join <ComputerName> /domain:<DomainName> /userd:<UserName> /passwordd:*****

Where:
ComputerName is the name of the server that is running the Server Core installation.
DomainName is the name of the domain to join.
UserName is a domain user account with permission to join the domain.
NOTE: Ensure you have the primary DNS server set to your Domain Controller

3. When prompted to enter the password, type the password for the domain user account specified by UserName.

4. Restart the computer for the changes to take effect.

C:\Users\administrator> shutdown /r /t 0

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This isn’t a big step by step guide for something, just a quick one liner for anyone to find the version of Windows in Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 & Windows Server 2008.

Winver is the command that one can run to find the version of Windows.

1. Click Start – RUN (In Windows Vista/Server 2008, Start – Search RUN), type “winver” and press enter.

This should show the “About Windows” with Windows Version and Build.

Windows Version in Windows Vista

Windows Version in Windows Server 2008

Hope this comes handy!!!

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In Windows Server 2008 Core installation, the only way to setup IP Address eithe Static or DHCP is from the command line. The following procedure helps setting the IP Address from the command Line using “netsh”. This procedure works in Windows Server 2008 (No core installation as well), Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows Vista.

To setup Static IP Address:

From the command prompt:

1. Type

C:\Users\Administrator> netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces
Idx Met MTU State Name
- – — —- ——-
1 50 4294967295 connected Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1
10 20 1500 connected Local Area Connection

This should show the Network Connections. We are looking for the name here. On mine, I have one LAN interface and is named as “Local Area Connection”

2. To set a static IP Address type the following command

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh interface ipv4 set address name=”Local Area Connect
ion” source=static address=192.168.0.5 mask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.0.1

The syntax is

netsh interface ipv4 set address name=”<ID>” source=static address=<StaticIP> mask=<SubnetMask> gateway=<DefaultGateway>

Where:
ID is the name of the LAN Connection
StaticIP is the static IP address that you are setting
SubnetMask is the subnet mask for the IP address
DefaultGateway is the default gateway

3. Now set the DNS Servers one at a time with the followind command. For each DNS server, increase the index number.

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name=”Local Area Conne
ction” address=192.168.0.1 index=1

C:\Users\Administrator>netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name=”Local Area Conne
ction” address=192.168.0.10 index=2

The syntax is

netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name=”<ID>” address=<DNSIP>index=1

Where:
ID is the name of the Network Connection
DNSIP is the IP address of your DNS server

This should do. To confirm, do an “ipconfig”

Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom 440x 10/100 Integrated Controller
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1D-09-D4-2C-8F
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.5(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1
192.168.0.10
127.0.0.1
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

Set IP through DHCP Server

To set the DHCP Server, from the command line

C:\Users\Administrator> netsh interface ipv4 set address name=”Local Area Connection” source=dhcp

Syntax is

netsh interface ipv4 set address name=”ID” source=dhcp

where ID is the name of the Network Connection

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With the coming of Windows Server 2008 Core, its time to go back to the good old days of command line. We can add the DNS Server role and add manage DNS Server including setting up Forward and Reverse Lookup zones from the command line.

The following procedure should help you to setup and Configure a DNS server in Windows Server 2008 & Windows Server 2008 Core installation:

Add DNS Server Role

C:\Users\Administrator> start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Role

In Windows Server 2008 Core it is as follows

C:\Users\Administrator> start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role

That installs the DNS Server role. We can now configure the DNS Server using the “dnscmd” utility.

Here we’ll see the basic configurations. For more detailed instructions of DNSCMD, click here

Add a Forward Lookup zone

For the primary domain, add a forward lookup zone as follows:

C:\Users\Administrator> dnscmd PRIMARY /zoneadd hq.wr.COM /primary /file hq.wr.COM.dns

Add a Reverse Lookup Zone

C:\Users\Administrator> dnscmd PRIMARY /zoneadd 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa

Add an “A” record for the domain

C:\Users\Administrator> dnscmd PRIMARY /recordadd hq.wr.COM @ A 192.168.0.5

Add Records

C:\Users\Administrator> dnscmd PRIMARY /recordadd hq.wr.COM dc1 CNAME hq.wr.COM

That should get you up and running on the DNS Servers. Refer to the above mentioned DNSCMD manual page for more advanced setup and configuration information.

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Installing and enabling the Hyper-V role in Windows Server 2008 Core installation (64-bit) takes a few commands from the command-line. Click here for a step by step procedure to install and configure on a Windows Server 2008 Full installation. If you have installed your Windows Server 2008 from a recent media download or shipped by microsoft then chances are that you already have the Hyper-V Role installed on your system but not enabled yet.

To confirm run the following command and look for KB950050:

C:\Users\Administrator> wmic qfe list

If the update is not installed, download and install the KB950050 update as follows:

C:\Users\Administrator> wusa.exe Windows6.0-KB950050-x64.msu /quiet

Once installed, reboot your server and add the Hyper-V role as follows:

C:\Users\Administrator> start /w ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V

This should add the Hyper-V role onto your Windows Server 2008 Core installation. Reboot the server as follows for the Hyper-V installation to succefully complete and configure.

C:\Users\Administrator> shutdown /r /t 0

Remote Administration of Hyper-V

The Windows Server 2008 Core running the Hyper-V role now needs to be configured for remote administration so they can be remotely controlled from a Windows Vista or another Windows Server 2008 (32-bitor 64-bit) installation where the Hyper-V Management tools are installed.

The remote user should be a Local Administrator on the local system to administer the server. Add a user to the system and to the Administrator group as follows:

C:\Users\Administrator> net localgroup administrators /add <domain>\<user>

Firewall Rules to allow WMI

From an elevated command prompt (Run As admin, if not an administrator) type the following command:

C:\Users\Administrator> netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group=”Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)” new enable=yes

DCOM permission for remote User

Modify the DCOM permissions as follows to provide access to the remote user:

C:\Users\Administrator> net localgroup “Distributed COM Users” /add <domain_name>\<user_name>

where <domain_name>\<user_name> is the domain name and the username of the remote user.

Modify Authorization Policy

Log on to the computer on which you will run the Hyper-V management tools, using a domain account that is a member of the Administrators group on the computer running a Server Core installation.

Click Start, click Start Search and type azman.msc.

In the left pane, right-click Authorization Manager and click Open Authorization Store. Make sure that XML file is selected and type:

In the left pane, click Hyper-V services, and then click Role Assignments. Right-click Administrator, point to Assign Users and Groups, and then point to From Windows and Active Directory. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box, type the domain name and user name of the user account, and then click OK. Close Authorization Manager.

WMI Permissions for CIMV2 & Virtualization Name spaces

Click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Computer Management. From the action menu, select the option “Connect to another computer” and connect to the server running Hyper-V role.

In the rightpane, click Services and Applications, right-click WMI Control, and then click Properties.

Click the Security tab. Click Root and then click CIMV2. Below the namespace list, click Security. In the Security for ROOT\CIMV2 dialog box, check to see if the appropriate user is listed. If not, click Add. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box, type the name of the user and click OK.

On the Security tab, select the name of the user. Under Permissions for <user or group name>, click Advanced. On the Permissions tab, verify that the user you want is selected and then click Edit. In the Permission Entry for CIMV2 dialog box, modify three settings as follows:
• For Apply to, select This namespace and subnamespaces.
• In the Permissions list, in the Allow column, select the Remote Enable check box.
• Below the Permissions list, select the Apply these permissions to objects and/or containers within this container only check box.

Click OK in each dialog box until you return to the WMI Control Properties dialog box.

Repeat the process for the Virtualization namespace

Restart the server for the changes to take effect.

Now, you are all set, install the required update package as follows based on your operating system from which you would want to connect to the Hyper-V Server.

For Windows Server 2008 (seperate versions available for 32-bit & 64-bit), click here

For Windows Vista 32-bit, click here

For Windows Vista 64-bit, click here

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If you have a Network drive mapped onto your Windows 7 system, it may prompt you enter the password everytime the system is rebooted even if the “Save Password” is selected.

This is a known problem from previous versions of Windows (seen in Windows XP as well)

To resolve (rather workaround) the problem try the command line option as follows:

net use z: “\\server\path\to\share” /persistent:no /user:<username> <password>”

where for Z: is the drive to which it is mapped to.

For instance,

C:User\sai> net use z: “\\server\path\to\share” /persistent:no /user:winref_user mypassword”

This should help. This should also work on Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008/2003.

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