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	<title>copyleft &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/copyleft/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "copyleft"</description>
	<pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 11:46:42 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[9 ways to find extraordinary free images]]></title>
<link>http://musictechtips.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/9-ways-to-find-extraordinary-free-images/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 01:25:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>katiesw1</dc:creator>
<guid>http://musictechtips.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/9-ways-to-find-extraordinary-free-images/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Image courtesy of brettocop on Flickr As someone who makes elearning materials, runs a blog, creates]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_137" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/46493994@N00/360930045/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-137" title="Flickr brettocop Gaudy Leaf Frog 06" src="http://musictechtips.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/flickr-brettocop-gaudy-leaf-frog-06.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="204" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Image courtesy of brettocop on Flickr</p></div>
<p>As someone who makes elearning materials, runs a blog, creates a monthly newsletter and presents regularly at conferences, I have a constant need for free-to-use images.  A striking image can illustrate a point in a way that is far more memorable than the written word.  I describe the images I use as &#8220;free-to-use&#8221; because they are almost all cost-free, but most importantly they are used with <strong>permission</strong> of the creator or copyright owner.</p>
<p>There are an enormous number of free-to-use images available for download on the internet and they generally fall into two broad categories:</p>
<ul>
<li>Images licensed under <a title="Creative Commons" href="http://creativecommons.org/" target="_blank">Creative Commons</a> (the creator has chosen to allow their image to be used by applying a <a title="CC Licenses" href="http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/" target="_blank">special license</a>)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Images that are in the <a title="Public domain definition" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" target="_blank">public domain</a> (the copyright has expired)</li>
</ul>
<p>Regardless of which image you choose to use, you <strong>must</strong> check the conditions for use and/or licensing agreement.  In almost all cases you must at least attribute the creator of the image.</p>
<p>So how does one find these striking images?  Here are the search tools I most frequently use:</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://compfight.com/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-142 aligncenter" title="Compfight" src="http://musictechtips.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/compfight2.png?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="198" /></a>1. <a title="Compfight" href="http://compfight.com/" target="_blank">Compfight</a></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">The <a title="Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/" target="_blank">Flickr</a> photo-sharing website is my favourite source of images and it even has a useful <a title="Flickr Creative Commons" href="http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/" target="_blank">Creative Commons category</a>.  However, there are a couple of other search tools that do a more effective job of finding what you need.  The <a title="Compfight" href="http://compfight.com/" target="_blank">Compfight</a> site allows you to type in a keyword at the top, and limit your search to one of the Creative Commons licenses by choosing a category from the drop-down menu to the right.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">2. <a title="Behold image searching" href="http://www.behold.cc/" target="_blank">Behold</a></p>
<p><a title="Behold" href="http://www.behold.cc/" target="_blank">Behold</a> is another Flickr search engine which has an added search function.  You can type in a tag &#8211; such as &#8220;dog&#8221; &#8211; to bring up all the pictures tagged with dog, but you can also refine your search further by adding a &#8220;looks like&#8221; category.  Narrowing my search for dogs by adding the looks like &#8220;face&#8221; category results in close-up pictures of dogs&#8217; faces.  You can also apply one of the Creative Commons license options to your search results.</p>
<h4><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-146" title="Google Images advance search" src="http://musictechtips.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/google-images-advance-search.png?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="124" /></h4>
<h4>3. <a title="Google Advanced Image Search" href="http://images.google.com.au/advanced_image_search?hl=en" target="_blank">Google Images &#8211; advanced search</a></h4>
<p><a title="Google Images" href="http://images.google.com.au/" target="_blank">Google Images </a>is a good way to search the internet for all sorts of images used on websites around the world.  However, in order to refine your search to Creative Commons images, you&#8217;l need to use the <a title="Google Advanced Image Search" href="http://images.google.com.au/advanced_image_search?hl=en" target="_blank">Advanced Image search</a> function.  Under &#8220;Usage rights&#8221; near the bottom, choose an option from the drop-down menu &#8211; such as &#8220;labelled for reuse&#8221; before you click on the Google Search button.</p>
<h4>4. <a title="Pics4Learning" href="http://www.pics4learning.com" target="_blank">Pics4Learning</a></h4>
<p>The site contains copyright friendly images especially for teachers and students.</p>
<h4><a title="PD Photo" href="http://www.pdphoto.org/" target="_blank">5. PD Photo</a></h4>
<p>PD Photo is a free public domain photo database.  The site also includes a few photos which are not in the public domain, so make sure you check the license that accompanies each photo before you use it.</p>
<h4><a title="Free Foto" href="http://www.freefoto.com/index.jsp" target="_blank">6.Free Foto</a></h4>
<p><a title="Free Foto" href="http://www.freefoto.com/" target="_blank">Free Foto</a> is made up of just over 128,000 free images.</p>
<h4>7. <a title="Photos 8" href="http://www.photos8.com/" target="_blank">Photos 8</a></h4>
<p><a title="Photos 8" href="http://www.photos8.com/" target="_blank">Photos 8</a> is a collection of public domain photos &#38; wallpaper.</p>
<h4><a title="Big Foto" href="http://www.bigfoto.com/" target="_blank">8. Big Foto</a></h4>
<p><a href="http://www.bigfoto.com/">Big Foto</a> mostly contains travel and geography photos by amateur photographers.</p>
<h4><a href="http://www.everystockphoto.com/"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-148" title="Everystockphoto search" src="http://musictechtips.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/everystockphoto-search1.png" alt="" width="500" height="155" /></a></h4>
<h4><a title="Everystockphoto" href="http://www.everystockphoto.com/" target="_blank">9. Everystockphoto</a></h4>
<p><a href="http://www.everystockphoto.com/"></a><a title="Everystockphoto" href="http://www.everystockphoto.com/" target="_blank">Everystockphoto</a> is a search engine for free photos which come from a wide variety of sources.  The site searches Flickr, Morguefile, Wiki Commons, photoXpress, stock.xchng and others.  It has a useful advanced search function where you can select the source of the photo, the type of license and even shape of image.</p>
<h3>Creative Commons for Educators</h3>
<p>If you&#8217;re an educator and you&#8217;d like to know more about Creative Commons, take a look at this excellent Slideshare presentation titled <a title="Rodd Lucier CC Slideshare" href="http://www.slideshare.net/thecleversheep/creative-commons-what-every-educator-needs-to-know-presentation?type=presentation" target="_blank">Creative Commons: What Every Educator Needs To Know</a> by <a title="The Clever Sheep" href="http://www.thecleversheep.com/" target="_blank">Rodd Lucier</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Copiare non è peccato]]></title>
<link>http://giadinskj.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/copiare-non-e-peccato/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 14:46:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>giadinskj</dc:creator>
<guid>http://giadinskj.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/copiare-non-e-peccato/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[“Il Web è più un’innovazione sociale che un’innovazione tecnica. L’ho progettato perché avesse una r]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-421" title="pirateria" src="http://giadinskj.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/pirateria.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="428" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>“Il Web è più un’innovazione sociale che un’innovazione tecnica. L’ho progettato perché avesse una ricaduta sociale, perché aiutasse le persone a collaborare, e non come un giocattolo tecnologico. Il fine ultimo del Web è migliorare la nostra esistenza reticolare nel mondo. Di solito noi ci agglutiniamo in famiglie, associazioni e aziende. Ci fidiamo a distanza e sospettiamo appena voltato l’angolo”.</em> <strong>Tim Berners-Lee</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Appena tre giorni fa l’<strong>Unione Europea</strong> ha approvato il <a href="http://punto-informatico.it/2759352/PI/News/ue-pacchetto-telecom-chiuso.aspx" target="_blank"><strong>pacchetto Telecom</strong></a>, complesso di regole che riforma l’intero settore delle telecomunicazioni. Per la prima volta viene riconosciuto il <strong>diritto del cittadino ad informare ed informarsi tramite la rete,</strong> ma è la questione della lotta globale alla pirateria online il punto più controverso su cui il dibattito si era bloccato l’estate scorsa con le numerose minacce di applicazione di <strong>disconnessioni punitive </strong>nei confronti di coloro che abusano della rete per scambiare senza autorizzazione contenuti protetti dal diritto d&#8217;autore. L’Europa si è dimostrata molto disponibile nel garantire ai detentori dei diritti nuovi strumenti per blindare il prodotto del loro lavoro, mentre ai cittadini della rete che venissero colti dai detentori a violare il <strong>copyright</strong> verrà concesso nulla di più di un giusto processo senza che il confronto con autorità indipendenti che non hanno nulla a che vedere con l’autorità giudiziaria (cosa proposta da Sarkozy).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Per quanto mi riguarda tutte <strong>le arti sono un fattore di crescita per la società e per le persone e tutti hanno diritto ad accedervi in base al diritto all’istruzione e al diritto alla fruizione della bellezza</strong>, vero e proprio bisogno dell’uomo da preservare in quanto <strong>indispensabile alla sua completa realizzazione</strong>. Un’opera non è il prodotto di un singolo individuo e meno che mai dei suoi eredi ma è <strong>il prodotto di una società</strong>, di una comunità e di un’epoca in quanto risultato, più o meno consapevole, di influenze di altri artisti e uomini comuni passati e contemporanei. <strong>Se la genesi di un’opera è sociale deve rimanere tale anche il suo uso</strong>. La proprietà intellettuale deve essere messa a disposizione del bene comune. E’ giusto che un autore abbia un margine di guadagno proporzionale ai costi da remunerare ma trovo ridicolo che la violazione del diritto d’autore sia equiparata al reato di furto. Questo di fatto fa della cultura, dell’arte e della bellezza in genere un <strong>privilegio</strong> di cui solo chi ha notevoli possibilità economiche può usufruire. Ma non c’è da stupirsi di questo consolidato modo di pensare. Lo stesso che legittima il fatto che i quartieri “popolari” abbiano per forza un’architettura orribile, grigia, alienante, che siano privi del verde e di tutto ciò che possa rendere la vita quotidiana e domestica piacevole e serena. Non è un caso che la criminalità sia elevata in questi quartieri “ghetto” dove gli abitanti sviluppano spesso uno stato d’animo e mentale di tristezza e rassegnazione misto a rabbia.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">C’è però chi ha accolto i nuovi bisogni culturali ed ha proposto paradigmi innovativi. Negli anni ’80 il <strong>Free Sofware Movement </strong>di <strong>Richard Stalmman</strong> crea il <a href="http://www.copyleft-italia.it/" target="_blank"><strong>copyleft</strong></a>, un modello alternativo di gestione dei diritti d&#8217;autore grazie al quale il detentore dei diritti, attraverso l&#8217;applicazione di specifiche licenze, concede una serie di libertà agli utenti dell&#8217;opera, che può essere utilizzata, diffusa e spesso anche modificata liberamente, nel rispetto di alcune condizione essenziali. Sviluppatosi da prima principalmente in ambito informatico con i movimenti <strong>Software Libero</strong> e <strong>Open Source</strong>, negli ultimi anni si è invece esteso a tutte le opere dell’ingegno con i movimenti <strong>Creative Commons, OpenAccess, Opencontent </strong>ecc. Il motivo per cui non si possono lasciare software o opere semplicemente di pubblico dominio è perchè altri individui si potrebbero facilmente impadronire dei risultati del lavoro di libere comunità di utenti o di singoli autori privatizzandoli. Il <strong>copyleft</strong> invece tutela il proprietario di un’opera, perchè nel momento in cui ne viene fatto un uso a fini di lucro e ne viene impedita la libera circolazione, questo può far valere i suoi <strong>diritti d’autore.</strong> <strong>Diritto d’autore e copyright </strong>non sono la stessa cosa. L’equazione <strong>copia pirata = copia non venduta</strong> è stata creata unicamente per confondere le idee e per arricchire l’industria e non per dare il giusto riconoscimento al lavoro di un autore. La circolazione di un prodotto non è altro che <strong>pubblicità </strong>e <strong>più un’opera circola più quell’opera viene venduta</strong>. Il <strong>copyleft </strong>consente in questo modo di <strong>conciliare l’esigenza di un giusto compenso per il lavoro e la creatività di un autore con il suo uso sociale</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Fino a pochi decenni fa era quasi impensabile un’opera scollegata dal suo supporto fisico. <strong>Benjamin </strong>tra i primi aveva intuito che le innovazioni tecnologiche (e digitali degli ultimi anni) avrebbero portato ad una messa in discussione dei principi su cui si fonda l’opera d’arte e che sono alla base del sistema della proprietà intellettuale. Il prodotto culturale, oggi d<em>e-materializzato,</em> ha sconvolto quelli che erano gli equilibri economici e giuridici stabili ormai da secoli. Quando il <strong>copyright</strong> fu introdotto, nel <strong>XVI sec</strong>., dopo la diffusione delle macchine automatiche per la stampa, non esisteva la possibilità di “<em>copia privata senza fini di lucro”</em> perchè solo un editore concorrente poteva avere accesso ai macchinari tipografici. In questo senso <strong>il copyright non era percepito come anti-sociale perchè era l’arma di un imprenditore contro un altro e non di un imprenditore contro il pubblico</strong>. Oggi la situazione e ben diversa. Computer e Internet hanno quasi azzerato il costo e la difficoltà di riprodurre e di usufruire delle opere. In principio fu <strong>Napster</strong>, uno dei primi sistemi di condivisione gratuita di file musicali. Dopo la sua chiusura nel 2002, generata dalle denunce degli editori che vedevano nel sistema un concorrente ai propri profitti, sono prolificati i programmi di<strong> file sharing </strong>di materiale coperto da <strong>copyright </strong>in particolar modo grazie al sistema <strong>peer-to-peer</strong> ed il diritto industriale internazionale si è trovato impreparato di fronte alla velocità di questa diffusione. Ma oggi si aggiunge una battaglia ulteriore per i difensori del <strong>copyright</strong>, quella ai siti che distribuiscono <strong>video in streaming</strong> tramite il formato di <strong>Adobe Flash</strong> (come You tube, Google video, Megavideo&#8230;).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Nonostante la libera circolazione di opere e idee sembri inarrestabile, una minaccia concreta ad <strong>Internet </strong>ed al suo libero uso esiste e si chiama <a href="http://blog.tntvillage.scambioetico.org/?p=4248" target="_blank"><strong>ACTA</strong></a> (Anti Counterfeiting Trade Agreement). Si tratta di un accordo multilaterale che tramite il “<strong>policy laundering</strong>” (tecnica per imporre leggi tramite accordi internazionali scavalcando i regolari scrutini parlamentari) cerca di <strong>rafforzare le proprietà intellettuali</strong>, con provvedimenti di inasprimento delle pene che prevedono la richiesta di detenzione anche quando le violazioni del diritto d’autore non hanno scopo di lucro, ispezioni sistematiche del traffico nel Web che violano ripetutamente la privacy, obbligo di sorveglianza generale sui contenuti per le piattaforme che ospitano contenuti generati da utenti, perquisizione alle frontiere di laptop, cellulari, lettori MP3, memorie di massa ecc.. I contenuti dei negoziati sono secretati ma trapelano in alcuni siti i documenti ufficiali che destano non poca preoccupazione soprattutto per quanto riguarda l’<strong><a href="http://www.ipsnotizie.it/nota.php?idnews=1507" target="_blank">accesso ai farmaci a basso costo</a>.</strong> Le leggi sul <strong>copyright </strong>infatti tutelano la proprietà intellettuale del farmaco con brevetti che creano un<strong> monopolio legale</strong> per un periodo di tempo che in Italia è di <strong>25 anni.</strong> Dopodiché possono essere prodotti farmaci equivalenti, anche se il produttore facilmente può ottenere un nuovo brevetto se ripresenta lo stesso principio attivo modificato, promulgando la vita utile del farmaco teoricamente ad oltranza. Le conseguenze più gravi di questo sistema, che arricchisce le case farmaceutiche in modo smisurato, ben oltre il risarcimento dei costi di ricerca, ricadono come sempre sui paesi più poveri, dove <strong>la presenza di malattie epidemiche ed il costo di alcuni farmaci salvavita ancora sotto brevetto risultano proibitivi per il reddito medio delle famiglie e per le finanze statali</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Le pubblicità anti-pirateria con le loro musiche angoscianti con le facce tristi e serie di scrittori e cantanti sono davvero patetiche. L’uso privato non è un reato è voglia di conoscere e se ci tolgono questo non è che improvvisamente ci potremmo permettere di andare a teatro, ai concerti, di comprare cd e dvd, e quant’altro, saremmo solo un po’ più ignoranti e incivili.</p>
<p>Giada</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Direito Autoral e Projetos Colaborativos: Creative Commons – I]]></title>
<link>http://serignolli.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/direito-autoral-e-projetos-colaborativos-creative-commons-%e2%80%93-i/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 08:05:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Pedro Paulo Grizzo Serignolli</dc:creator>
<guid>http://serignolli.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/direito-autoral-e-projetos-colaborativos-creative-commons-%e2%80%93-i/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Este artigo é de autoria do advogado Marcos Fernandes Gonçalves - publicado em 19/11/2009 no blog Ju]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Este artigo é de autoria do advogado Marcos Fernandes Gonçalves - publicado em 19/11/2009 no blog Ju]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Mutualism: An Interview With Kevin Carson]]></title>
<link>http://littlealexinwonderland.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/mutualism-an-interview-with-kevin-carson/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 03:00:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Kevin Carson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://littlealexinwonderland.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/mutualism-an-interview-with-kevin-carson/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Isocracy Network interviews Mr. Carson on the theory and practice of mutualism, worker self-mana]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>The Isocracy Network</em> interviews Mr. Carson on the theory and practice of mutualism, worker self-management, anarchist thinkers and his critics.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://wp.me/pnWUd-2g5"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://api.ning.com/files/3LHdkaMYLNnbv64xg-03bYVw2IoMUmu2CZiB6bknFPq24XOSf92V3AREnLtDfCBtdXUUH24Dr9Wcu9xOd2N9dRufGtX4PxkK/OrangeBlackFlagALL.png?crop=1%3A1&#38;width=171" alt="" width="171" height="171" /></a><!--more--></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">3 Nov 09 &#124; <a title="http://isocracy.org/node/25" href="http://isocracy.org/node/25" target="_blank"><em>The Isocracy Network</em></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Kevin Carson, an American political theorist and a contemporary leader in discussions concerning mutualism and author of three extremely important books on co-operation, mutualism and capitalism. Describing his politics as being &#8220;the outer fringes of both free market libertarianism and socialism&#8221;, he certainly will find a welcoming audience among our group&#8212;which is why he&#8217;s been asked several difficult questions.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;<a title="http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/iron_fist.html" href="http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/iron_fist.html" target="_blank">The Iron Fist Behind the Invisible Hand</a>&#8221; is available in HTML format and <a title="http://www.mutualist.org/id47.html" href="http://www.mutualist.org/id47.html" target="_blank"><em>Studies in Mutualist Political Economy</em></a> and <a title="http://www.mutualist.org/id114.html" href="http://www.mutualist.org/id114.html" target="_blank"><em>Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective</em></a> are both available as PDF files.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Firstly, thank you Kevin for agreeing to this interview with The Isocracy Network.</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Thanks for inviting me.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Could you begin by giving a description of mutualism from the initial definition offered by the anarchist, Proudhon, to contemporary examples and your own involvement in this sort of analysis of political economy?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Well, first of all, it&#8217;s important to distinguish between mutualism as a general form of praxis, and mutualism as a theory. Mutualist practices (friendly societies and lodges, guilds, arrangements for mutual aid, etc.) are probably old as the human race. Proudhon, Owen, Warren, et al simply created a theoretical framework that emphasized such forms of organization as a building block of society. It&#8217;s a bit like the centipede trying to figure out how it&#8217;s been walking all this time, or the man who was astonished to learn he&#8217;d been speaking in prose all along and didn&#8217;t even know it.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">For that matter, there have been important anarchist thinkers like Kropotkin who emphasized mutual aid and other mutual organizations, without in any strict sense being mutualists. Cooperatives and mutuals have been central to the counterinstitution-building of much of the decentralist Left in the U.S. since the 1960s, but their thought is not explicitly mutualist either.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In fact, I&#8217;d go so far as to say that most of the important examples of mutualist practice (the cooperative movement, the local currency and alternative credit movements, etc.) are not explicitly or self-consciously mutualist in ideology.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Having read Proudhon for some years, his thought is so complex and at times even seemingly self-contradictory, that I still hesitate to summarize it. But I&#8217;d venture to say, as an approximation, that his programme centered on: 1) abolishing artificial property rights in land and artificial scarcity of credit, so that the working class could secure cheap access to the prerequisites of production; and 2) organizing the economy around associations of producers. Of course Proudhon was an important founding thinker for anarchism as a whole as well as for mutualism; so these ideas, in modified form, have heavily influenced later collectivist, communist and syndicalist variants of anarchism.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Mutualist praxis was central to the Owenite movement in the U.K. (e.g. Owenite craft unions organized cooperative production and distribution by strikers in their own shops), as well as such things as the Rochedale cooperatives, the Chartists, and land colonization movements. Owenism, by way of Christian socialism and guild socialism, probably had a significant (if indirect) influence on distributism.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In the U.S. mutualism&#8217;s primary founder was the Owenite Josiah Warren. Warrenism, cross-pollinated with J.K. Ingalls&#8217; occupancy-and-use view of land ownership and William Greene&#8217;s mutual banking theories, together led to the plumbline individualism of Benjamin Tucker. Tucker focused almost entirely on the abolition of artificial property rights and privilege in land and credit, assuming that when the legal props to rent and interest were removed and cheap land and credit were universally available, the forms of organization would take care of themselves. He displayed almost no interest whatever in cooperatives, associations for mutual aid, etc., as such.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Dyer Lum, John Beverley Robinson, and Clarence Swartz, all heavily influenced by Tucker, supplemented his focus on eliminating monopolies with some positive speculation on cooperative forms of organization; in so doing, they represented a partial fusion of Tucker&#8217;s version of individualism with the older cooperativist tradition of Proudhon and Owen. Lum, in particular, was also friendly to the radical labor movement and had fairly close ties to the I.W.W.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Would a highly successful large worker&#8217;s cooperatives, like the John Lewis Partnership in the U.K., and the Mondragón Corporation in Spain [centered in Basque Country] serve as evidence that mutualist economics can and does work in the large scale? Are credit unions evidence that mutualist economics can replace capitalist banking?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Although I&#8217;m quite friendly to both Mondragon and credit unions, and consider their influence to be decidedly positive, I believe their form is still distorted considerably by the capitalist milieu within which they exist. I like Mondragon&#8217;s federated system of cooperative producers, distributors and banks within a single umbrella organization. But it&#8217;s much too centralized a system in my opinion, with worker representation only effected at the level of the board of directors for the system as a whole; below the level of the Mondragon system as a whole, it&#8217;s a fairly top-down system of conventional management, with no significant self-management at the level of individual departments or factories.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I would greatly prefer local markets with lots of stand-alone cooperative manufacturing shops on the Emilia-Romagna model, integrated with cooperative banks in some sort of barter or local currency network of the sort promoted by Tom Greco.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Most credit unions, unfortunately, have adopted the culture of the conventional banking industry, and have almost no ideological affinity for the larger cooperative or counter-economy movement. Of course they are still greatly preferable to capitalist banks; being controlled by many small, local depositors, they are far less prone to the excesses of the capitalist banking system that we&#8217;ve seen in recent years.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Proudhon, although arguing that he opposed the idea of individuals deriving an income through rent and investments, said that he never wished &#8220;to forbid or suppress, by sovereign decree&#8221; such activities. A contemporary mainstream economist may argue that Proudhon&#8217;s position here would be particularly utopian in those markets that have high barriers to entry or other monopolistic features, that a worker&#8217;s cooperative versus an entrenched capitalist enterprise in such a market would require a miracle on the scale of David vs, Goliath for success.</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">That sounds a bit like Tucker&#8217;s pessimistic view of things in his later years, when he seemed resigned to the idea that the large industrial trusts had grown to the point that their market power would persist even after the Four Monopolies were removed.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I think such a view neglects the extent to which capital-intensiveness is a source of high overhead cost and inefficiency, and is only made artificially profitable by the state&#8217;s subsidies and protections. In fact production as such has become far less capital-intensive over the past three decades, with the old mass-production core outsourcing increasing shares of total production to flexible manufacturing networks and job-shops, and some of them retaining little more than control over marketing and &#8220;intellectual property.&#8221; The development of cheap, small-scale CNC tools in the 1970s meant that the capital outlays required for manufacturing imploded by one or two orders of magnitude. That was the beginning of a long shift from older mass-production industry to Emilia-Romagna, the Toyota supplier network, the job-shops of Shenzhen and Shanghai, etc.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The process continues even further in the same direction with the desktop manufacturing revolution of recent years: cheap, homebrew CNC machines scalable to the small shop and garage.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">When physical capital costs are so low, most of the financial role of the old industrial core is becoming redundant. And with small-scale production driven by local orders on a lean, demand-pull, JIT basis, marketing is similarly redundant.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Intellectual property&#8221; is the main surviving buttress to the old corporate walls, and it&#8217;s becoming increasingly unenforceable.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>A follower of Henry George would argue in the realm of natural resources it would be impossible for success and that land-rents should be socialised. How would you respond to these claims?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I&#8217;m quite friendly to George, and think the lines between individualism and Georgism are a lot less harsh than (say) Tucker would have believed. But I believe a great deal of rent could be eliminated simply by removing subsidies to economic centralization and positive externalities created by taxpayers&#8212;not to mention by removing state enforcement of title to vacant and unimproved land. If as much urban infrastructure as possible were funded by user fees, and cities broken up into lots of mixed-use neighborhoods in which residential areas had their own miniature &#8220;downtown&#8221; cores, differential rent would be far less significant. I think a majority of George&#8217;s aims could be achieved by Tucker&#8217;s means, or even by a throughgoing application of Rothbard&#8217;s means.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>With examples of worker&#8217;s self-management in the former Yugoslavia, and modelling by economists such as Jaroslav Vanek and Benjamin Ward, it has been shown in some cases (especially in critical infrastructure) it is advantageous for labor-managed firms, in their objective of increasing income per worker, to either lay-off workers or&#8212;like a monopolistic capitalist firm &#8211; to reduce productivity and thus derive monopoly profits. How would a contemporary version of mutualism prevent these problems?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It&#8217;s been a long time since I read Vanek&#8217;s work on worker-managed economies, but my immediate reaction is that there&#8217;s probably no fool-proof set of governance rules. When the firm is controlled by capital-owners, they&#8217;ll behave in such a way as to maximize returns on capital; when it&#8217;s controlled by managers, as in most large Western corporations, they&#8217;ll maximize benefits to management at the expense of both labor and capital. At least in a worker-managed firm, the decisions will reflect the interests of a bare majority, which can&#8217;t be said of the other two mechanisms. Beyond that, I think the answer to the kind of behavior you describe lies in exit as much as in voice: the lower the capitalization requirements and the lower the barrier to entry for most forms of production, and the lower the cost threshold for comfortable subsistence, the less catastrophic changes in employment will be. I&#8217;d like to see an economy where a much larger share of total consumption needs are met through production for subsistence or barter in the household/informal sector, and the average time spent in wage employment is much less than at present.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">That would mean a significantly larger share of the population would be self-employed than at present, a very large share would work hours that we would regard as &#8220;part-time,&#8221; household arrangements for pooling wages and hoarding labor-time would be much more resilient, and even wage-earners would tend to accept as normal prolonged periods of unemployment during which they lived off subsistence resources while waiting for a job to their liking.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Pro-capitalist neoliberals, such as George Reismann, Roderick T. Long have criticised your advocacy of mutualism. Reisman and Long both argue that you do not support John Locke&#8217;s ownership of landed property that has been mixed with labour or, to use the peculiarly U.S. vernacular, &#8220;homesteading&#8221;. It seems that both this critics have fundamentally misunderstood Locke&#8217;s concept of land ownership, which recognises a public cost for exclusion and use in addition to the right of added value. How do you respond to these criticisms?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">To be frank, I can&#8217;t say with any degree of confidence what Reisman understands about anything. But I think Long acknowledged Locke&#8217;s Proviso and explicitly characterized his own position as &#8220;non-Proviso Lockeanism.&#8221; I&#8217;m not a Georgist myself, although I&#8217;d be well-disposed to a local property rules system based on some form of common ownership and community collection of rent. In any case, justifiably or not, when answering Lockean critics I tend to tacitly work from the premise that &#8220;Lockean&#8221; means &#8220;non-Proviso Lockean.&#8221; And for the most part, I think a radical and consistent application of non-Proviso Lockean rules would go most of the way toward achieving the aims of the Tucker-Ingalls land theory.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding-left:30px;">&#8230; all the fruits it naturally produces, and beasts it feeds, belong to mankind in common, as they are produced by the spontaneous band of nature: &#8230; Whatsoever then he removes out of the state that nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property&#8230; For this labour being the unquestionable property of the labourer, no man but he can have a right to what that is once joined to, at least where there is enough, and as good left in common for others.</p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding-left:30px;">&#8211;John Locke, <em>Of Civil Government &#8211; Second Treatise</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">For that matter, over time I&#8217;ve come to see the bounderies between the Tucker-Ingalls and non-Proviso Lockean systems as less distinct, and to perceive some practical problems with the Tucker system (at least the more radical variant&#8211;he seems to promote different versions of the system at different times). At times Tucker himself seemed to concede the existence of house-rent, but to argue that the nullification of titles to vacant land would (through market competition) cause the land-rent component of rent to disappear and overall rent to fall to the value of rent on buildings. Now, to me, that seems to imply that Tucker wasn&#8217;t necessarily (at least at times) dead-set against absentee ownership in principle. That variant of his land theory, at least, seems to imply that the important thing was to eliminate large-scale absentee title to vacant and unimproved land.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In any case, I tend to think that doing so would go a long way to eliminating landlord rent through market competition.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Another critic, Walter Block argues that you are actually some sort of Marxist because you use the labour theory of value for deriving a theory of exploitation. It would seem that (a) Block is unaware that Adam Smith and David Ricardo also used the labour theory of value and (b) using it to calculate a rate of exploitation is hardly the same as using it as an anchor to exchange values.</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I think the Austrians also, for the most part, exaggerate the extent to which marginalism/subjectivism is a radical departure from classical labor and cost theories. It&#8217;s closer to the truth to say that marginalism provides a mechanism for explaining the tendency that Ricardo et al described. The marginalist/subjectivist claim that &#8220;utility determines value&#8221; is true in a technical sense, if you add the qualification &#8220;at any point in time given the snapshot of supply and demand in the spot market.&#8221; But it&#8217;s not true in the ordinary way we use those words. If you allow changes in supply over time to enter the picture, then supply alters until the utility of the marginal unit reflects the cost of producing it&#8212;i.e., exactly what Ricardo said.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It makes far more sense to treat marginalism as a complement or fulfillment to classical political economy, rather than as supplanting it.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Politically, where do you think mutualists should align themselves. Should they spend their efforts in building cooperative organisations, like Proudhon&#8217;s advocacy of dual power? Or is there some mileage to be made in being involved in existing political organisations, such as the Labour Party&#8212;Cooperative Party groups in the U.K.? What about in the United States; is the Libertarian Party salvageable?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I think by far the most important, and the most interest, of our tasks is actually building the kind of society we want, and doing so so far as possible without regard to the state. But there&#8217;s something to be said for putting external pressure on the state, and participating in political coalitions to remove as much state interference with our activities as possible. Of course the primary emphasis of such coalition-building should be forming pressure groups, rather than attempting to become part of a governing coalition.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">A lot of this parallels Daniel DeLeon&#8217;s disputes with the anarchists in the I.W.W. DeLeon argued that &#8220;building the structure of the new society in the shell of the old&#8221; (i.e. building industrial unions to serve as organs of self-management) would not be enough by itself. So long as the capitalists controlled the state and its armed force, and the significant minority of people whose class interest was tied up with it, there was the danger of the &#8220;Iron Heel&#8221; being brought to bear against counter-organizations. On the other hand, political victory alone wasn&#8217;t sufficient; he gave the example of threats by Jay Gould to organize a national capital strike and lockout if the socialists ever captured the national government. Workers, DeLeon argued, should be focused on building counter-institutions, but also be prepared to seize the commanding heights of the state long enough to dismantle them and prevent them from being used against themselves.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">What we need is a primary focus on institution building, without entirely neglecting the need for a political movement to run interference for the counter-institutions.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">What&#8217;s more, there&#8217;s the very real danger an authoritarian state might make a concerted effort to stamp out the counter-economy through (for example) the kinds of totalitarian surveillance Richard Stallman described in &#8220;The Right to Read,&#8221; intensified licensing and zoning to suppress low-capital producers, etc. It&#8217;s a waste of effort and probably corrupting to seriously run our people for Congress or the White House. But it&#8217;s perfectly sensible to carry out propaganda against legislation like the DMCA, to support lobbying campaigns organized by groups like the Electronic Frontier Foundation and NORML, etc.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Proudhon argued that through a society of contracts between individuals, a federal structure could arise. This of course must presume that individuals have the capacity to engage in uncoerced contractual arrangements. What other political requirements do you think have a particular priority in breaking down authoritarian elements in statist rule?</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Well, it could be that the authoritarian elements of statist rule will persist on paper right up to the point at which they become irrelevant. But in my opinion it&#8217;s at least worth a shot to pressure the state from outside, and form ad hoc alliances to pressure the state, in order to minimize its interference and fend off attempts at intensified interference. That includes local efforts against licensing and zoning that impede household microenterprise and micromanufacturing, local pressure to defend peaceful squatters and vagrants, pressure against the regulatory suppression of self-organized mutual-aid efforts, pressure at the national level against further expanding &#8220;intellectual property&#8221; law, and so forth.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em><strong>Kevin, thank you for your time and views.</strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em><em><em><a title="http://c4ss.org/content/author/kevin-carson/" href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/kevin-carson/" target="_blank">Kevin Carson</a> is a</em></em> <em>research associate at the <a title="http://c4ss.org/" href="http://c4ss.org/" target="_blank">Center for a Stateless Society</a></em>, contemporary mutualist author and individualist anarchist whose written work includes </em><a title="http://c4ss.org/content/43" href="http://c4ss.org/content/43" target="_blank">Studies in Mutualist Political Economy</a><em> and </em><a title="http://c4ss.org/content/87" href="http://c4ss.org/content/87" target="_blank">Organization Theory: An Individualist Anarchist Perspective</a><em>. Mr. Carson has also written for a variety of internet-based journals and blogs, including Just Things, The Art of the Possible, the P2P Foundation and his own <a title="http://c4ss.org/content/mutualist.blogspot.com" href="http://c4ss.org/content/mutualist.blogspot.com" target="_blank">Mutualist Blog</a>.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php"><img src="http://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/sm-share-en.gif" border="0" alt="" width="83" height="16" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Who Am I?]]></title>
<link>http://polarlune.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/who-am-i/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:40:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>polarlune</dc:creator>
<guid>http://polarlune.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/who-am-i/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[  Let’s view the title here: Who Am I? Well, that pretty much sums up what this is going to be about]]></description>
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<p>Let’s view the title here: Who Am I? Well, that pretty much sums up what this is going to be about. Who I am. I’d rather speak of what I’m going to be talking to you guys out there, but let’s start with me.</p>
<p>I live in the country with not much to do, so I find things to do. I’ve got many different hobbies, including writing, which is why I am here. But not just writing – I am several different people jammed into one cold hard shell of a body.</p>
<p>I draw, or sketch, whatever you may call it. Short and sweet, I put pencil to paper. And sometimes I end up putting color to paper, which usually ends in failure. But nonetheless, I draw. I’m hoping on attaining Adobe Photoshop Elements 8 in December, so I can show off my airbrushing techniques, especially on my sketches.</p>
<p>I play music, usually with the clarinet. I search all over the internet for free sheet music because I am a cheap skate, and thankfully for a wonderful website I have found of Zelda themes, I can hand them over to you guys for your personal use.</p>
<p>I read books. Sure, everyone does, but I pursue to read more often than others. I hope to post “book of the week”, or maybe something else that bores you less. I read more fantasy than nonfiction but whenever I read a Nat Geo it makes me interested. </p>
<p>And then we’ll get to my last topic – writing. This is what I’m here for, this is what I like to do, and this is something that I hope to achieve further in life. Sure, I’m pretty positive this post is much more boring than what will be in the future. Don’t worry, the future will arrive soon.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Droit de l'auteur / Copyright]]></title>
<link>http://artofecho.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/droit-de-lauteur-copyright/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 22 Nov 2009 10:28:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>artofecho</dc:creator>
<guid>http://artofecho.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/droit-de-lauteur-copyright/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Den som skapar ett litterärt och konstnärligt verk så som ett tal, skrift, recept, musik, datorprogr]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Den som skapar ett litterärt</strong> och konstnärligt verk så som ett tal, skrift, recept, musik, datorprogram, fotografier blir automatiskt upphovsman till verket. Verket måste innehålla en viss originalitet vilket gör att till exempel enklare blanketter inte kan skyddas. Upphovsrätten skyddar inte en idé.</p>
<p><strong>Upphovsrätten säkerställer att ingen</strong> annan ska kunna nyttja eller ändra verket utan tillstånd. Det är därför inte tillåtet att använda upphovsrättskyddade verk på en webbplats utan tillstånd. Däremot får enskila personer kopiera upphovsrättsligt skyddade verk utan tillstånd verk för privatbruk.  Att kopiera hela böcker och tidskrifter är däremot inte tillåtet. Alla har rätten att citera men man måste<span style="text-decoration:underline;"> alltid</span> namnge upphovsmannen och man får aldrig presentera citatet på ett kränkande sätt.</p>
<p><strong>Det finns två typer av upphovsrätt</strong>, en ideel och en ekonomisk del. </p>
<p><strong>Ideel upphovsrätt</strong> <strong>är</strong> rätten till att få sitt namn utmålat när verket görs tillgänglit för allmänheten, med undantag för reklam. Verket får inte användas eller visas i sammanhang som skulle kunna uppfattas som kränkande för upphovsmannen. Till exempel på en webbplats som uttrycker rasistiska åsikter. Upphovsmannen kan även motsätta sig att verket ändras eller bearbetas. Den ideela uppvhosrätten har ingen tidsbegränsing och kan inte överlåtas eller licensieras bort, däremot kan upphovsmannen välja avstå från den vid olika tillfällen.</p>
<p><strong>Ekonomisk upphovsrätt är</strong> rätten att tillåta eller förbjuda varje form av kopiering samt rätten att göra verket tillgängligt för allmänheten. Den ekonomiska rättigheten kan överlåtas eller licensieras till någon annan. Den är även tidsbunden till 70 år efter skaparens död. Efter det är verket &#8220;fritt&#8221;.</p>
<p><strong>Upphovsrätten följer inte äganderätten. </strong>Äger du ett konstverk betyder det inte att du har upphovsrätten till det.</p>
<p><strong>MEN!</strong> Det finns ett nytt sätt för upphovsmän att dela med sig av sina verk konstadsfritt men under undantag, <strong>Creative Commons</strong>! Creative Commons består av ett flertal licenser som kan kombineras i olika former. (Alla Creative Commons licenser lämnar dock den ideela upphovsrätten oförändrad.) Du kan bara använda en licens om du är ägare till verket. Viktigt att komma ihåg är att du inte kan ångra dig och dra tillbaka de bilder som redan spritts. Däremot kan du ta bort licensen och förhindra vidare spridning.</p>
<p><a href="http://artofecho.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/creative-commons.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3765" title="creative commons" src="http://artofecho.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/creative-commons.jpg" alt="" width="420" height="205" /></a></p>
<blockquote><p><em>Webbplatser som använder sig av Creativa Commons är:<br />
</em><a href="http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#3366ff;">http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/</span></a><br />
<a href="http://openphoto.net/Video" target="_blank"><span style="color:#3366ff;">http://openphoto.net/Video</span></a><br />
<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/prelinger" target="_blank"><span style="color:#3366ff;">http://www.archive.org/details/prelinger</span></a></p>
<p><a href="http://artofecho.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/border.jpg"></a></p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://artofecho.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/border.png"></a></p>
<p>För mer information <a href="http://www.iis.se/docs/Copyright_copyleft_webb.pdf">Ladda gärna ner Internetguiden \&#8217;Copyright &#8211; Copyleft\&#8217; om upphovsrätt och licenser.</a></p>
<p>Eller klicka på dessa länkar:<br />
Webbstjärna: <a href="http://www.webbstjarnan.se/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=44&#38;Itemid=41">http://www.webbstjarnan.se/index.php?option=com_content&#38;view=article&#38;id=44&#38;Itemid=41</a><br />
Organisationen &#8220;Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige&#8221;: <a href="http://www.bus.se/" target="_blank">http://www.bus.se/</a><br />
Bildleverantörernas Förening: <a href="http://www.blf.se/" target="_blank">http://www.blf.se/</a><br />
Rättigheterna för kompositörer och låtskrivare: <a href="http://www.stim.se" target="_blank">http://www.stim.se</a><br />
Sveriges Författarförbund: http://www.forfattarforbundet.se/<br />
Lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk: <a href="http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=3911&#38;bet=1960:729" target="_blank">http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=3911&#38;bet=1960:729</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Les netlabel... o la descentralització de la indústria musical]]></title>
<link>http://radiosveines.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/les-netlabel-o-la-descentralitzacio-de-la-industria-musical/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 22:36:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>galonthemoon</dc:creator>
<guid>http://radiosveines.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/les-netlabel-o-la-descentralitzacio-de-la-industria-musical/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ja fa anys que parlem de la crisi de la indústria musical en el seu conjunt. No crec que calga recor]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Ja fa anys que parlem de la crisi de la <strong>indústria musical </strong>en el seu conjunt. No crec que calga recordar les xifres de tancament de tendes de discos, els retalls de personal que han fet nombroses discogràfiques, ni les <a href="http://jenesaispop.com/2009/11/11/merecen-las-discograficas-el-5-del-cache-de-un-grupo/">últimes ocurrències</a> amb que les grans <em>labels</em> han intentat adaptar-se al nou mercat musical.</p>
<p>Front a l&#8217;inevitable enfonsament de les discogràfiques tradicionals -la majoria grans màquines de fer diners mitjançant la promoció de discos d&#8217;escolta fàcil-, cada volta emergeixen amb més força les anomenades <strong><em>netlabel.</em></strong> Estaríem enganyant de dir que aquestes formes de distribució arriben a un públic majoritari, però la seua expansió qualitativa i quantitativa els darrers anys no ens obliga sinó a pensar que seran un dels referents del futur quant a la publicació de música.</p>
<p>Les <em>netlabel</em> van nàixer fruit de les possibilitats que internet donava els creadors de música electrònica per intercanviar sons i samples amb què dur a terme noves creacions. Els intercanvis mitjançant programes especialitzats van donar pas a les webs dedicades a la publicació d&#8217;aquests treballs, i aquestes, a les actuals <em>netlabel</em>.</p>
<p>Habitualment, les pàgines de les <em>netlabel </em>són molt senzilles, mitjançant l&#8217;ús de tecnologies <strong><em>wiki </em></strong>o de plantilles de bloc. Normalment, la música s&#8217;ofereix en format .rar per a qui vulga descarregar-se un àlbum i em .mp3 o .flac quan es tracta de cançons soltes. Una marca distintiva de les <em>netlabel </em>és el fet de treballar amb llicències <strong><em>copyleft</em></strong>, el que les diferència encara més de les discogràfiques tradicionals i apel·la als orígens de la música electrònica.</p>
<p>Com moltes d&#8217;elles declaren als seus <em>sites</em>, l&#8217;objectiu principal dels artistes que aposten per penjar les seues cançons a una <em>netlabel </em>és donar-se a conèixer i poder donar més concerts, que és el que realment dóna de menjar els artistes hui en dia. Potser això resulte un poc diferent, degut, precisament, a la dispersió i abundància de les <em>netlabel</em>, fet pel qual es va crear el portal <a href="http://netlabels.org/">netlabels.org</a>, que ara mateix està en reconstrucció i que en breu tornarà a proporcionar una llista amb detalls de les diferents plataformes que trobem a la xarxa.</p>
<p>Tot i que la majoria de <em>netlabel </em>que podem trobar a la web són de música electrònica, cada volta són més les que es defineixen com a eclèctiques, i publiquen tota mena d&#8217;artistes. Una important contribució a aquest canvi ha estat el fet de poder establir estudis casers a les cases de molts músics, gràcies a la baixada del preu del material per a la gravació digital i a la senzillesa del propi procés de gravació per ordinador.</p>
<p>Per evitar la temptació de catalogar aquests projecte d&#8217;amateur, cal esmentar que moltes d&#8217;aquestes plataformes lliuren també els discos del seu catàleg en format físic, per al públic que desitge recompensar els autors per les seues creacions.</p>
<p>I per finalitzar, vos deixem un recull de netlabel molt recomanables&#8230; gaudiu del seu catàleg!</p>
<p><a href="http://trastienda.org/"><strong><img class="alignleft" title="logo.trastienda" src="http://trastienda.org/wp-content/themes/yellow/images/logo.png" alt="" width="295" height="95" />Trastienda</strong></a></p>
<p>Nascuda a Salamanca l&#8217;any 2005, és mantinguda per un equip de sis persones i alberga un catàleg de més de 30 artistes de diferents llocs del món. Des del seu catàleg, centrat en pop, rock i folk, vos presentem el grup <strong>1984</strong>:</p>
<p>No news from my past <span style='text-align:left;display:block;'><p><object type='application/x-shockwave-flash' data='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' width='290' height='24' id='audioplayer1'><param name='movie' value='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' /><param name='FlashVars' value='&amp;bg=0xf8f8f8&amp;leftbg=0xeeeeee&amp;lefticon=0x666666&amp;rightbg=0xcccccc&amp;rightbghover=0x999999&amp;righticon=0x666666&amp;righticonhover=0xffffff&amp;text=0x666666&amp;slider=0x666666&amp;track=0xFFFFFF&amp;border=0x666666&amp;loader=0x9FFFB8&amp;soundFile=http%3A%2F%2Fia310815.us.archive.org%2F3%2Fitems%2Ftrastienda050%2F07-no_news_from_my_past.mp3' /><param name='quality' value='high' /><param name='menu' value='false' /><param name='bgcolor' value='#FFFFFF' /></object></p></span></p>
<p><a href="http://aregueifanetlabel.blogspot.com/"><img class="alignleft" title="regueifa logo" src="http://www.aregueifa.net/NETLABEL.gif" alt="" width="174" height="22" /></a></p>
<p>La netlabel gallega<strong> <a href="http://aregueifanetlabel.blogspot.com/">A Regueifa</a></strong> va sorgir l&#8217;any 2007 com a iniciativa d&#8217;un dels membres del grup de pop electrònic <strong>Fanny + Alexander</strong>. Des d&#8217;aleshores, ha publicat no només àlbums, sinó també llibres, principalment, en gallec i d&#8217;estils musicals ben diversos.</p>
<p>Fanny + Alexander &#8211; Espida de credo <span style='text-align:left;display:block;'><p><object type='application/x-shockwave-flash' data='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' width='290' height='24' id='audioplayer1'><param name='movie' value='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' /><param name='FlashVars' value='&amp;bg=0xf8f8f8&amp;leftbg=0xeeeeee&amp;lefticon=0x666666&amp;rightbg=0xcccccc&amp;rightbghover=0x999999&amp;righticon=0x666666&amp;righticonhover=0xffffff&amp;text=0x666666&amp;slider=0x666666&amp;track=0xFFFFFF&amp;border=0x666666&amp;loader=0x9FFFB8&amp;soundFile=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aregueifa.net%2Ffannyealexander%2FFanny%2520%2B%2520Alexander%2520-%2520Alfaias%2520%282009%29%2F02%2520-%2520Fanny%2520%2B%2520Alexander%2520-%2520Espida%2520de%2520credo.mp3' /><param name='quality' value='high' /><param name='menu' value='false' /><param name='bgcolor' value='#FFFFFF' /></object></p></span></p>
<p><!-- 		@page { size: 21cm 29.7cm; margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --><a href="http://www.produccionesdoradas.com/public/index.php"><img class="alignleft" title="pd logo" src="http://www.produccionesdoradas.com/public/pix/logo.gif" alt="" width="185" height="55" /></a></p>
<p>Tot i no tractar-se d&#8217;una netlabel <em>stricto sensu</em>, <a href="http://www.produccionesdoradas.com/public/index.php"><strong>Producciones Doradas</strong></a>, amb seu a Barcelona, penja tots els seus àlbums a  la seua web, on declara que el seu objectiu és difondre &#8220;una cultura crítica i independent&#8221;. Al seu catàleg trobem a <strong>Joe Crepúsculo</strong>, un dels artistes més coneguts de l&#8217;escena indie estatal i que també es membre de <strong>Tarántula</strong>:</p>
<p>Antisistema solar <span style='text-align:left;display:block;'><p><object type='application/x-shockwave-flash' data='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' width='290' height='24' id='audioplayer1'><param name='movie' value='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' /><param name='FlashVars' value='&amp;bg=0xf8f8f8&amp;leftbg=0xeeeeee&amp;lefticon=0x666666&amp;rightbg=0xcccccc&amp;rightbghover=0x999999&amp;righticon=0x666666&amp;righticonhover=0xffffff&amp;text=0x666666&amp;slider=0x666666&amp;track=0xFFFFFF&amp;border=0x666666&amp;loader=0x9FFFB8&amp;soundFile=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.produccionesdoradas.com%2Ftarantula%2Fhumildad_trascendental%2Fmp3%2F01_ANTISISTEMA_SOLAR.mp3' /><param name='quality' value='high' /><param name='menu' value='false' /><param name='bgcolor' value='#FFFFFF' /></object></p></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.dpop.es/"><strong><img class="alignleft" title="logo dpop" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:jL0M-ZqWvYKmUM:http://img.hipersonica.com/2007/01/dpop_logo_prensa.gif" alt="" width="125" height="50" />dpop</strong></a></p>
<p>Aquest segell, que, com el seu nom indica, se centra en el pop,  ens possibilita l&#8217;escolta de programes de ràdio en podcast i la consulta de concerts. Entre altres grups hi trobem els ja separats <strong>Grande-Marlaska</strong>:</p>
<p>A partir de ahora <span style='text-align:left;display:block;'><p><object type='application/x-shockwave-flash' data='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' width='290' height='24' id='audioplayer1'><param name='movie' value='http://wordpress.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-player/player.swf' /><param name='FlashVars' value='&amp;bg=0xf8f8f8&amp;leftbg=0xeeeeee&amp;lefticon=0x666666&amp;rightbg=0xcccccc&amp;rightbghover=0x999999&amp;righticon=0x666666&amp;righticonhover=0xffffff&amp;text=0x666666&amp;slider=0x666666&amp;track=0xFFFFFF&amp;border=0x666666&amp;loader=0x9FFFB8&amp;soundFile=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goear.com%2Ffiles%2Fsst4%2Fmp3files%2F20012008%2F8be78b04d2f7305141eb9406129e0188.mp3' /><param name='quality' value='high' /><param name='menu' value='false' /><param name='bgcolor' value='#FFFFFF' /></object></p></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mediaset e la strenua difesa del copyright]]></title>
<link>http://tvdigitaldivide.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/mediaset-e-la-strenua-difesa-del-copyright/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 10:32:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>quezal</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tvdigitaldivide.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/mediaset-e-la-strenua-difesa-del-copyright/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In questa era digitale contraddistinta da Internet pian piano sta mutando il concetto di diritto sui]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://tvdigitaldivide.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/youtube-contro-mediaset.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-874" title="youtube-contro-mediaset" src="http://tvdigitaldivide.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/youtube-contro-mediaset.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="230" height="162" /></a>In questa <strong>era digitale contraddistinta da Internet</strong> pian piano sta <strong>mutando il concetto di diritto sui contenuti, </strong>ed è in continua mutazione <strong>l&#8217;economia dello scambio di prodotti intellettuali</strong> coperti da nuove forme di tutela come i<a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft"> <strong>copyleft</strong></a><strong>, le licenze GNU, l&#8217;Open Source</strong>. La grande industria musicale e cinematografica, creatrice di molti di questi contenuti diffusi nel mondo, si sta opponendo con forza a questa<strong> rivoluzione dei diritti (oltre i diritti d&#8217;autore),</strong> cercando di arroccare le proprie risorse chiuse, facendo pressione sui governi dei paesi industrializzati, perchè mettano in opera leggi di tutela del diritto sui contenuti anche sulla piattaforma delle rete (come le recenti vicende della <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_Cr%C3%A9ation_et_Internet">legge Hadopi</a> in Francia). <strong>Il processo di liberalizzazione dalle vecchie concezioni di diritto d&#8217;autore e di copyright</strong> però, a mio parere, sarà inarrestabile quanto più la nostra società sarà connessa alla rete.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>La tv italiana sta passando al digitale</strong> e questo comporterà una <strong>più facile diffusione e uno scambio più rapido dei contenuti</strong> trasmessi, anche attraverso la rete. Ma la più grande azienda privata media tv italiana, <strong>Mediaset,</strong> non è intenzionata a farsi coinvolgere da questa <strong>inevitabile morte del diritto d&#8217;azienda (non d&#8217;autore)</strong>. La società guidata da Pier Silvio Berlusconi e Confalonieri ha deciso di percorrere la strada del digitale tutelando i propri programmi con ogni mezzo e tipo di tecnologia, agendo da <strong>paladina del copyright</strong>, ma danneggiando in questo modo anche la fruizione dell&#8217;utente.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La battaglia del biscione a favore del copyright è iniziata nel luglio del 2009 con la <strong>causa intentata dall&#8217;azienda italiana nei confronti di Google e di You Tube per violazione dei copyright</strong> sui programmi prodotti, una causa da mezzo miliardo di euro di risarcimenti.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Tra pochi giorni invece verrà introdotto nel mercato il nuovo decoder per il digitale terrestre<strong> Mediaset On Demand</strong> che offre agli abbonati <strong>un catalogo di film on demand</strong>. Il sistema è già proposto dalle IPTv (Alice Home Tv, Fastweb Tv, Infostrada Tv) e da Sky (col decoder MySky), ma al contrario della concorrenza, il <strong>telespettatore non potrà disporre a piacimento dei film</strong> (registrare, archiviare e rivedere i contenuti), avrà solamente un sistema <strong>push on demand</strong>. I contenuti verranno registrati automaticamente nel dispositivo e cancellati e rinnovati a discrezione di Mediaset, in modo da <strong>impedire qualsiasi tipo di manipolazione e copiabilità dei film</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Tra dicembre 2009 e gennaio 2010 <strong>Mediaset sbarcherà direttamente sul web</strong>, con <strong>Mediaset Web Tv</strong>, prima con un sito che trasmetterà i canali in streaming, poi successivamente con un <strong>IPTv che sfrutterà un decoder/modem/router proprietario</strong>. In entrambi i casi Mediaset assicurerà i limiti e le tutele dei suoi contenuti con tecnologia chiusa e proprietaria. In particolar modo con l&#8217;offerta Mediaset Premium Web Tv l&#8217;azieda di Cologno Monzese <strong>filtrerà il traffico web per ottimizzare il flusso dell&#8217;IPTv</strong>, limitando la libera navigazione dell&#8217;utente.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Mediaset ha tutto il diritto di tutelare i propri contenuti con i mezzi che considera più consoni, ma le sue politiche e strategie aziendali confermano quanto sia bloccata nell&#8217;antiquato modello di società broadcast, e <strong>quanto sia  distante dalle nuove filosofie economiche dei nuovi mercati dei media del terzo millenio</strong>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mariana Musings (11-18-09)]]></title>
<link>http://abyssalleviathin.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/mariana-musings-11-18-09/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 23:22:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Abyssal</dc:creator>
<guid>http://abyssalleviathin.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/mariana-musings-11-18-09/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I keep hearing comparisons to theft, but isn&#8217;t downloading music more like hopping the fence t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I keep hearing comparisons to theft, but isn&#8217;t downloading music more like hopping the fence to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Point">Cedar Point</a> and riding the roller coasters without paying than actually stealing something? The &#8220;victims&#8221; of the &#8220;crime&#8221; don&#8217;t actually <em>lose </em>anything, they just don&#8217;t <em>gain</em> anything from other people benefiting from their service.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Welcome to the future.  I see you've brought a dish to share.]]></title>
<link>http://reenvisionation.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/welcome/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 05:39:11 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>reenvisionation</dc:creator>
<guid>http://reenvisionation.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/welcome/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Over the years I have started many blogs.  Some have been wildly successful, receiving international]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Over the years I have started many blogs.  Some have been wildly successful, receiving international acclaim.  Most, however, have puttered out after a handful of entries and now live as internet detritus.  I have always enjoyed collecting my thoughts and ideas in volumes of notebooks, school notes, amateur photography, and as sketches and it would be nice to have a public forum to share and discuss the most notable of whatever happens to fall out of my head.</p>
<p>Specifically, I am here to chronicle a new chapter in my life.  Tentatively, it is titled, &#8220;Applying and Eventually Going to Graduate School Preceded by a Sabbatical and Relocation.&#8221;  An appropriate tag line could be, &#8220;Growing up?  Grown up.  Sadface.&#8221;</p>
<p>In short, as I conclude my meandering journey towards a bachelor&#8217;s degree in Biology, I&#8217;m engaged the process of applying to Urban/Regional Planning master&#8217;s programs, the prospect of which excites me more than anything related to academics has in a very, very long time.  In less than a month I&#8217;ll be a college graduate, unemployed, and eager to stack up massive credit card debt.  Just to get you up to speed, I am applying to the following programs:</p>
<p><a title="The Pratt Institute Graduate Center for Planning and the Environment" href="http://www.pratt.edu/academics/architecture/grad_center_planning_environment/" target="_blank">The Pratt Institute</a> &#8211; Brooklyn, New York</p>
<p><a title="Tufts University Urban Environmental Policy Planning" href="http://ase.tufts.edu/uep/" target="_blank">Tufts University</a> &#8211; Medford, Massachusetts</p>
<p><a title="University of Wisconsin Milwaukee School of Architecture and Urban Planning" href="http://www4.uwm.edu/SARUP/" target="_blank">University of Wisconsin</a> &#8211; Milwaukee, Wisconsin</p>
<p><a title="School of Planning, Design, and Construction" href="http://www.spdc.msu.edu/" target="_blank">Michigan State University</a> &#8211; East Lansing, Michigan</p>
<p><a title="Wayne State University Urban Studies and Planning" href="http://www.clas.wayne.edu/DUSP/">Wayne State University</a> &#8211; Detroit, Michigan</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve been feeling inspired lately.  To do good in for the environment, in communities, for those around me, and for myself.  Through this blog, I&#8217;ll keep you posted as to how that goes.</p>
<p>Just a few housekeeping notes:  reenvisionation is a made-up word.  The internet tells me it may also be a <a title="Possible origin of the word?" href="http://whitehouse.georgewbush.org/news/2001/020501.asp" target="_blank">Bushism</a>, but I did not choose to comment one way or another on those politics.  Instead, it&#8217;s about re-thinking the status-quo.  Many new technologies and ways of living were envisioned over the last two centuries and the time is ripe to return to the drawing board.  Sustainability will be a word I use a lot and one I hope to critically analyze over the rest of my lifetime.  Reenvisionation will likely not be the last word I make up.</p>
<p>All original material is copylefted, or <a title="Libre.org" href="http://www.libre.org/" target="_blank">libre</a>, unless otherwise noted.  For those of you unfamiliar, the gist is this:  if you like it and want to use or distribute it, you give credit where credit is due.</p>
<p>With that being said, <a title="a lil' Jimmy Durante for you." href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002051/">good night, Ms. Calabash, where ever you are</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[CREATIVE RIGHTS On Appropriation, Copyright and Copyleft ]]></title>
<link>http://artivism.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/creative-rights-on-appropriation-copyright-and-copyleft/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 18:31:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ArTiVist</dc:creator>
<guid>http://artivism.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/creative-rights-on-appropriation-copyright-and-copyleft/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[CREATIVE RIGHTS On Appropriation, Copyright and Copyleft   Azin Feizabadi Gilbert &amp; George Chris]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>CREATIVE RIGHTS<br />
On Appropriation, Copyright and Copyleft<br />
 <br />
Azin Feizabadi<br />
Gilbert &#38; George<br />
Christian de Lutz<br />
Triple Candie<br />
 <br />
Creative Rights Library<br />
 <br />
Opening: 27 November 2009, 8pm<br />
Duration of Exhibition: 28.11.-7.2.2010, Sa+So 2-6pm<br />
Winter pause: 18.12.2009-3.1.2010<br />
 <br />
Workshop: &#8220;Copyright and Related Themes for Artists, Musicians, Filmmakers<br />
and other Creative Professionals&#8221; in German with the Berlin based lawyer Andreas Lichtenhahn, 28 November, 3pm (for free, registration necessary)<br />
 <br />
Art Laboratory Berlin is pleased to announce the fourth exhibition in the series Art and Law: The exhibition Creative Rights. On Appropriation, Copyright and Copyleft investigates questions concerning the use, re-use and misuse of images and information in the contemporary art world from artistic, legal, political and philosophical viewpoints. The exhibition &#8220;Creative Rights&#8221; consists of three parts: The exhibition with four ar-tistic positions, the Creative Rights Library with extensive material on the presented artists and other recent law cases as well as a workshop on the theme of copyright.<br />
 <br />
The exhibition shows four positions offering unique views on appropriation, fair use (a term defining legal use of images outside of copyright restrictions) and &#8216;copyleft&#8217;( the decision of the artist to forego the protections of copyright).<br />
 <br />
Triple Candie (curatorial duo Shelly Bancroft and Peter Nesbett) provoked controversy in 2006 with their exhibition David Hammons: The Unauthorized Retrospective in which they exhibited color and black and white copies from books, brochures, catalogues and websites documenting the work of the American artist David Hammons. The resulting exhibition, part of which is on display in &#8220;Creative Rights&#8221; as a curatorial quotation, cast a unique critical light on both Hammons work and art world traditions, and was both highly praised and criticised.<br />
 <br />
Repetitions-Revolutions-Rituals by the Iranian-German artist Azin Feizabadi documents a project started by the artist in 2004 when he sprayed an image of a woman in a headscarf using a stencil throughout the Kreuzberg district of Berlin. The work, initially an homage to his mother, the artist Farkhondeh Shahroudi, who as an 18 year old during the Iranian Revolution, sprayed left wing graffiti in Tehran, was missused in 2006 by the German glossy newsweekly Focus for its cover, with the words &#8216;The Multi-cultural Lie&#8221;. Feizabadi has chosen to &#8216;reappropriate&#8217; the image in a specific way.<br />
 <br />
Christian de Lutz&#8217;s work The Copyright Piece (2009) situates itself on the border between infringement and fair use, making reference to this legal gray area, as well as functioning as a critique of both the current financial and art markets. The artwork consists of a CD with a sound piece which the artist created by substantially altering a piece of music. In addition to the CD there is an artist text and a contract, which offers the work to a collector under certain circumstances.<br />
 <br />
Planed (2007) by Gilbert and George, the Italian-British artist duo, is featured in the exhibition as an example of &#8216;copyleft&#8217;, a chosen alternative to traditional copyright. The artists offered the work as 9 files for download, in cooperation with the BBC and Guardian newspaper. The work was offered for free to the general public, without any stated restrictions.<br />
 <br />
In addition to the exhibition there is the Creative Rights Library, a collection of articles, manifestos and documents covering a number of topics pertaining to copyright and &#8216;copyleft&#8217;. It features two current cases of artists in copyright disputes. The American artist Shepard Fairey, known for his now famous Obama campaign posters, is currently in a legal dispute with the Associated Press (AP). The other case is that between Richard Prince and the photographer Patrick Cariou. Richard Prince used photographs from Cariou&#8217;s book &#8216;Yes Rasta&#8217; in his recent series of collages &#8216;Canal Zone&#8217;. Cariou filed a lawsuit for copyright infringement. Additionally the library will have materials on the artists in the exhibition as well as material on both US and German copyright law, Creative Commons, the Stanford University Fair Use Project as well as the Swedish and German Pirate Parties.<br />
 <br />
As a third part of &#8220;Creative Rights&#8221; on Saturday, 28 November at 3 PM Art Laboratory Berlin will also present a workshop on Copyright and Related Themes for Artists, Musicians, Filmmakers and other Creative Professionals (see above).<br />
 <br />
-Regine Rapp, 2009</p>
<p>If you have any questions or wish material about the exhibition, please contact<br />
<a href="mailto:presse@artlaboratory-berlin.org">presse@artlaboratory-berlin.org</a><br />
 <br />
For further information about Art Laboratory Berlin please also visit our website:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.artlaboratory-berlin.org/html/eng-press-current.htm">http://www.artlaboratory-berlin.org/html/eng-press-current.htm</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Fabrica de Fallas: 2do festival de Cultura Libre y Copyleft]]></title>
<link>http://thalskarth.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/fabrica-de-fallas-2do-festival-de-cultura-libre-y-copyleft/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 02:37:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Thalskarth</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thalskarth.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/fabrica-de-fallas-2do-festival-de-cultura-libre-y-copyleft/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[El dejo eñ texto extraído desde el sitio de Beatriz Busaniche: Los días 21 y 22 de noviembre, en la ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>El dejo eñ texto extraído desde <a href="http://www.bea.org.ar/2009/11/fabrica-de-fallas-nota-de-prensa/">el sitio de Beatriz Busaniche:</a></p>
<blockquote><p>Los días <em><strong>21 y 22 de noviembre, en la casona de FM La Tribu, Lambaré 873,</strong></em> Ciudad de Buenos Aires,  tendrá lugar la <strong><a href="http://culturalibre.fmlatribu.com/">Fábrica de Fallas, el 2do. Festival de Cultura Libre y Copyleft</a>.</strong> Se trata de la segunda edición de un evento de convergencia de diferentes movimientos sociales que tienen en común la discusión sobre la apropiación privada de aquello que es considerado bien común, desde las semillas, los genes, la cultura, la música y el conocimiento.</p>
<p><a href="http://culturalibre.fmlatribu.com/"><img src="http://culturalibre.fmlatribu.com/uploads/fab_banner01%20copy.jpg" alt="" width="562" height="72" /></a></p>
<p>Fuentes del Colectivo La Tribu, a cargo de la organización del festival, remarcan justamente la convergencia de movimientos que se espera ese fin de semana: “<em>La fábrica de fallas tendrá una diversidad enorme de participantes, desde hackers y geeks de computadoras hasta campesinos y pueblos originarios, en una confluencia que permite conocer las diferentes perspectivas y dialogar sobre los procesos de privatización de la vida y la cultura</em>”.</p>
<p>También se hará hincapié en la creciente ola de criminalización del acto de compartir cultura, un tema que se abordará en varias mesas. “<em>Este año invitamos a docentes de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y a varios grupos y personas que se han visto afectadas por la aplicación de las leyes de propiedad intelectual como el profesor Horacio Potel de la Universidad de Lanús, quien nos va a contar el estado de la causa penal que pesa contra él por su trabajo en el sitio sobre Jacques Derrida</em>” explica Sebastián Vázquez, del Colectivo La Tribu. En el marco de la convergencia y las nuevas tecnologías, también habrá conversaciones sobre bioética y manipulación genética, un tema que habitualmente no entra en las agendas de la discusión pública y que tiene profundas consecuencias en la vida humana.</p>
<p><strong>El programa de la Fábrica de Fallas, 2do. Festival de Cultura Libre y Copyleft incluye las siguientes conversaciones:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Elige tu propia aventura. Energías alternativas, servidores, hardware, redes y software libre para acercarnos a la autonomía tecnológica.</li>
<li>Cuerpos copyleft. El software del lenguaje, el hardware del cuerpo. Cultura y bioética.</li>
<li>Escóndete objeto. La comunicación, el trabajo y las luchas cuando el mundo se desmaterializa.</li>
<li>La presentación del Libro “Libres de Monopolios sobre la vida y el conocimiento. Hacia una convergencia de movimientos”.</li>
<li>Las vaquitas son ajenas. Organizaciones amigas nos cuentan las luchas en ese otro mundo que es la realidad.</li>
<li>Corre, corre, el viejo mundo viene detrás de ti. La creciente criminalización de la cultura. Casos de aquí y de allá: Potel, Convenio UBA-CADRA, BiblioFyL, The Pirate Bay. Discusión y propuestas para modificar la ley 11723.</li>
</ul>
<p>El Colectivo La Tribu enfatiza que la idea es provocar la discusión, y agregan que “<em>el slogan de este año ‘<strong>El pirata está ahí. Por todas partes</strong>’, surgió de la necesidad de empezar a discutir las cosas en otros términos, de recuperar las palabras que nos expropiaron, lo que implica sumar toda una serie de conflictos al campo de la cultura libre que no se saldan en el debate jurídico, sino en las prácticas cotidianas.</em>”</p>
<p>En paralelo a las conversaciones, se prevé una larga serie de actividades, ferias, muestras, recitales, intercambio de cultura, todas, con ingreso libre y gratuito. La sede de la Fábrica de Fallas es la Casona de FM La Tribu en el Barrio de Almagro, en Lambaré 873, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</p>
<p>Más información y el programa completo en <a href="http://culturalibre.fmlatribu.com/">http://culturalibre.fmlatribu.com/</a> y acá el  en <a href="http://es.wikinews.org/wiki/Movimientos_sociales_convergen_en_La_Tribu_para_el_2do._Festival_de_Cultura_Libre_y_Copyleft">Informe de prensa completo</a></p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Ezker Batua ha hecho los deberes hoy. PNV, PSE y PP no pueden decir lo mismo]]></title>
<link>http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/ezker-batua-ha-hecho-los-deberes-hoy-pnv-pse-y-pp-no-pueden-decir-lo-mismo/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 19:22:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>robertoC</dc:creator>
<guid>http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/ezker-batua-ha-hecho-los-deberes-hoy-pnv-pse-y-pp-no-pueden-decir-lo-mismo/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ezker Batua ha presentado hoy dos propuestas en Parlamento Vasco y Juntas Generales de Álava que, po]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Ezker Batua ha presentado hoy dos propuestas en Parlamento Vasco y Juntas Generales de Álava que, por distintos motivos, me pasan de cerca. En ambas se han retratado el PNV, PSE y PP.</p>
<p>La primera es la <a href="http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/10/04/el-copyleft-entra-en-el-parlamento-vasco/">Proposición No de Ley para aplicar licencias copyleft a las publicaciones realizadas con subvención pública</a>, que ha defendido <a href="http://parlamentuan.blogspot.com/2009/11/copyleft.html">Mikel Arana</a>. En este blog ha salido varias veces, así que no me extenderé. De hecho, hace unos días ya hacía público mi <a href="http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/sospecho-que-no-sale-la-propuesta-de-copyleft-de-ezker-batua-en-el-parlamento-vasco/">pesimismo</a> respecto al resultado de la votación. Como ya he defendido esa PNL suficientemente, hoy toca atacar o acusar, como se prefiera. A <strong>Patxi López</strong> le acuso de desordenado (si, es una acusación ridícula, pero es lo más suave que se me ha ocurrido). En plena precampaña electoral escribía en su blog: &#8220;<a href="http://www.patxilopez.com/index.php/2009/01/ayer-dia-de-blogueros-y-buen-rollo/"><strong><em>Aprendí mucho y tome buena nota de la necesidad de aplicar el copyleft a las cosas públicas</em></strong></a>”. Qué pasó, ¿entendiste algo mal? <strong>¿perdiste el cuaderno de notas?</strong> Ya en campaña, te pregunté por qué no habíais metido nada de copyleft en vuestro programa electoral. A eso respondiste que el copyleft era una apuesta <em><a href="http://www.patxilopez.com/index.php/2009/02/twitter-entrevista/">necesaria y de sentido común</a></em>. Resumiendo, Patxi, me has vuelto a decepcionar. Eso si, ahora tienes en tu mesa el encargo del Parlamento de hacer una propuesta. Tienes las manos libres para hacer algo muy poco comprometido con el copyleft o acercarte a una postura más comprometida. Entre la propuesta de EB y lo que se ha aprobado hoy puede haber muchas posibilidades y que te inclines más hacia uno u otro lado ya es cosa tuya. Pero recuerda lo que dijiste: <strong>aplicar copyleft a las cosas públicas</strong>.</p>
<p>La otra propuesta de Ezker Batua que se debatía hoy era la propuesta de comisión de investigación de irregularidades en el uso de vehículos oficiales. <a href="http://ilegorri.com">Nerea Gálvez</a> ya había <a href="http://www.ilegorri.com/2009/10/23/%C2%BFel-gurtel-alaves/">destapado dos casos</a>, sin buscar mucho, y planteaba la necesidad de investigar si esos malos usos eran algo extendido o se reducía simplemente a dos ocasiones. El PP no ha querido aprovechar la oportunidad de demostrar que se trata de dos casos aislados y ha preferido votar en contra. Y no se han quedado solos: el PSE y el PNV le han acompañado. Eso si, luego Patxi López nos hablará de <a href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/06/11/paisvasco/1244711823.html">honradez y transparencia</a> y también tendremos que creerle.</p>
<p>Termino con una reflexión sobre el papel de los políticos de partidos minoritarios. Si yo estuviese en la piel de Mikel o de Nerea posiblemente llegaría a caer en el desánimo viendo que, una tras otra, van cayendo mis propuestas. Pero desde mi punto de vista de votante de Ezker Batua, es precisamente eso lo que tienen que hacer: llevar a los parlamentos las propuestas que nos presentaron en los programas electorales. Los votantes de EB somos conscientes de la poca voz que tenemos en las instituciones. Pero hay que hacer oirse, y la única forma es defender nuestras ideas. Así que, muchas gracias a Mikel, Nerea&#8230;, por vuestros esfuerzos y por vuestra tenacidad. Seguid así.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[PROFESSOR DE DIREITO EXPLICA COMO FUNCIONA AS LICENÇAS CREATIVE COMMONS DE DIREITO AUTORAL]]></title>
<link>http://glaucocortez.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/professor-de-direito-explica-como-funciona-as-licencas-creative-commons-de-direito-autoral-copylegft-copyright/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 18:36:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>glaucocortez</dc:creator>
<guid>http://glaucocortez.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/professor-de-direito-explica-como-funciona-as-licencas-creative-commons-de-direito-autoral-copylegft-copyright/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Entrevista especial com Sérgio Branco sobre direitos autorais e Creative Commons. Redação/ IHU on li]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong> Entrevista especial com Sérgio Branco sobre </strong><strong>direitos autorais e Creative Commons.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.ihuonline.unisinos.br/index.php?option=com_frontpage&#38;Itemid=1" target="_blank">Redação/ IHU on line</a></p>
<p>Mesmo com o advento da digitalização mundial e dos downloads pela Internet, a lei com relação aos direitos autorais no Brasil ainda não se adaptou à nova realidade. Buscando modificar os impedimentos dessa lei, o licenciamento de obras em Creative Commons possibilita a autorização prévia de artistas sobre os usos de suas obras.</p>
<p>É sobre este mecanismo que conversamos com o professor Sérgio Branco. Em entrevista, por telefone, à IHU On-Line, Branco fala sobre o funcionamento, os usos, a função social e os impactos econômicos do Creative Commons. Segundo ele “quanto maior o aproveitamento de obras legais por terceiros, maior a possibilidade de criação de obras. Com esta criação, movimenta-se o mercado econômico também por criações novas, ainda que sejam por obras derivadas”.</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco é professor na Escola de Direito do Rio de Janeiro da FGV e doutorando e mestre em Direito Civil pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ).</p>
<p>Confira a entrevista:<!--more--></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Como funciona o Creative Commons?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – Em primeiro lugar, é importante falar sobre nossa lei de direitos autorais, cuja proposta de mudanças está sendo discutida em São Paulo. Nossa lei atual é extremamente restritiva e proíbe uma série de coisas, inclusive proíbe a cópia integral de qualquer obra. Mesmo que eu, por exemplo, como autor de uma música, queira que as pessoas baixem minha música pela Internet, a lei só permite que os usuários gravem pequenos trechos de cada obra. O Creative Commons serve como um mecanismo de ajuste do impedimento da lei. É um licenciamento pelo qual o autor autoriza previamente quais usos podem ser feitos de sua obra pela sociedade. Se eu sou músico e quero licenciar minha obra em Creative Commons, eu crio uma licença que irá permitir, no mínimo, que as pessoas possam copiar minha música na íntegra, ao contrário do que prevê nossa lei atual.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Como funciona hoje a lei dos direitos autorais no Brasil?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – A lei atual é de 1998, que aparece quando o mundo já está se digitalizando. A Internet não tinha ainda a abrangência que tem hoje, mas já existia, já existiam CDs, o mundo já era digital. Porém, a lei de 1998, ao contrário da lei anterior, de 1973, não permite a cópia integral de obras, permite apenas a cópia de pequenos trechos. Faz poucas exceções para usos educacionais, não faz exceção nenhuma para uso por meio de organizações não governamentais, asilos, presídios e escolas públicas. É uma lei bastante restritiva. Comparada a outros países, e eu já analisei as leis de diversos países, é uma das mais restritivas do mundo. E como a lei impõe todas essas restrições, a sociedade se organizou de modo a buscar um mecanismo que estivesse em conformidade com a lei, mas permitisse um uso mais flexível das obras intelectuais. É neste contexto que surge a licença Creative Commons.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Como o Creative Commons muda essa lógica?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – Uma vez que o autor tem maior autonomia para dispor de sua obra, ele poderá, dentro do exercício livre de seu direito como autor, determinar que usos poderão ser feitos com a mesma. Ele que irá dizer se a sociedade pode usar a obra com ou sem fins lucrativos, se poderão somente copiá-la, se poderão modificá-la e criar outras derivadas. Eu posso compor um tipo de música e autorizar que as pessoas modifiquem a letra, a melodia, transformem minha música em outra. No mundo em que vivemos hoje, do remix, do reaproveitamento de obras, o Creative Commons se presta muito bem para esta finalidade, uma vez que, por meio da licença, permite que as pessoas legalmente possam usar de uma obra com os fins determinados por seu autor.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Como funciona a criação de uma licença Creative Commons? Como são as classificações dessas licenças?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – Acho que o Creative Commons é extremamente simples de se entender. O site mostra o que é preciso fazer para criar a licença, que é simplesmente responder a duas perguntas: se você permite que se faça uso econômico de sua obra e se permite que sejam criadas obras derivadas a partir dela. Uma vez que você responda a essas duas perguntas principais, o próprio site gera uma licença que é absurdamente autoexplicativa, ela indica para a sociedade o que os usuários podem fazer com sua obra independentemente de uma nova autorização do autor. Essa licença pode ser colocada em meios físicos. Eu mesmo lancei dois livros já licenciados em Creative Commons e a licença está impressa no próprio livro, de modo que para o usuário é bastante simples, só abre o livro e vê de que forma ele está licenciado e de que forma ele pode se valer daquela obra. Para o autor é simples também, é só criar a licença, que tanto pode estar em um meio físico como pode ser colocada nos sites, no licenciamento de música ou textos e fotos de um site. Surgem as licenças a partir da combinação dada às duas perguntas do site. Haverá uma série de licenças que surgem a partir da combinação das respostas, quer o autor tenha autorizado o uso comercial ou não, quer ele autorize obras derivadas ou não. É uma análise combinatória das respostas possíveis, por isso surgem licenças diferentes, mas elas nada mais são do que o respeito à manifestação de vontade do autor quando ele determina quais usos podem ser dados àquela obra licenciada em Creative Commons.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Qual setor hoje é o que mais usa o Creative Commons?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – Eu não saberia dizer exatamente qual setor, mas vejo muito uso em música e em sites. A Internet tem essa natureza de dar muita visibilidade a obras, e, ao mesmo tempo, um controle menor sobre o que a outra pessoa vai ou não poder fazer. Quando se coloca a própria obra na Internet, e o autor pode fazer isso, é muito difícil ter um controle. O Creative Commons vem apenas para legitimar aquilo que as pessoas geralmente fazem, que é copiar as obras que estão disponíveis na Internet, quer a lei permita ou não. Por meio do Creative Commons, legaliza-se um uso que as pessoas fariam de qualquer jeito, por isso para a Internet é tão importante. Se você licencia um site com Creative Commons, autorizado o uso comercial ou não, obras derivadas ou não, de qualquer forma, você permite que as pessoas possam, no mínimo, copiar o conteúdo do site. É importante dizer que até na licença que permite apenas copiar o uso, e não permite qualquer utilização na obra, é indispensável dizer a origem. Se você tem um site onde coloca seus textos e outra pessoa os copia, essa pessoa, por meio de uma licença Creative Commmons, está obrigada a indicar o site de onde tirou o texto ou seu autor.    Para a Internet, isso é extremamente útil, e tenho visto muitos sites usando licença Creative Commons.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – E que setores ainda podem utilizá-lo?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – Qualquer obra protegível por direito autoral pode ser licenciada em Creative Commons. O mais difícil hoje em dia são filmes. As obras audiovisuais têm tradicionalmente usado menos as licenças Creative Commons, acho que por conta dos custos que são mais elevados e pela produção mais escassa. Não é muito comum haver essas licenças, sobretudo de longas metragens. Mas nada impede que filmes venham a ter licenças Creative Commons. A licença pode ser utilizada para absolutamente qualquer obra que possa ser protegida por direito autoral.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Podemos dizer que o Creative Commons, da forma como está se desenvolvendo e sendo utilizado, gera uma cultura da economia do conhecimento?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – Sem dúvida. Vivemos hoje em uma expansão gigantesca do conhecimento, e o Creative Commons estimula as pessoas a licenciarem suas obras e a legalizar aquilo que a sociedade vem fazendo à margem da lei: a cópia integral de obras sem autorização do autor. A licença permite a difusão do conhecimento de um modo legal, permite o uso de obras em instituições de ensino e ONGs, tem um papel social extremamente relevante a cumprir.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Qual é o impacto econômico que teremos com a flexibilização dos direitos autorais?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – O impacto econômico pode ser medido de diversas formas, mas, quanto maior o aproveitamento de obras legais por terceiros, se tem maior possibilidade de criação de obras. Com esta criação, movimenta-se o mercado econômico também por criações novas, ainda que sejam por obras derivadas. Obras em domínio público são extremamente relevantes do ponto de vista econômico porque, embora não se tenha a obrigação de pagar direitos autorais para utilizá-las, como peças de Shakespeare, ou músicas de compositores clássicos, como Chopin e Mozart, gera uma grande movimentação econômica com o reaproveitamento, com a modificação e a criação de novas obras a partir de uma dessas.</p>
<p>IHU On-Line – Como o senhor vê as iniciativas paralelas ao Creative Commons?</p>
<p>Sérgio Branco – A nossa lei de direitos autorais não dá mais conta dos desafios que a Internet impõe, porque, hoje em dia, o mais comum é que muitas pessoas baixem obras, copiem e modifiquem, independentemente das proibições legais. Os artistas vêm buscando novos modelos de negócios. Temos um problema hoje que se divide em dois: um problema legal e de modelo de negócio. O problema legal, temos que resolvê-lo modificando a lei, e é nesse sentido que o Minc está promovendo seminários, consultas e debates públicos, para tentar ajustar e modificar a lei e torná-la mais em conformidade com as novas tecnologias e com o que a sociedade vem fazendo. Mas temos também um problema de modelo de negócios, que é tentar ajustar a forma de ganhar dinheiro com obras intelectuais ao tempo em que vivemos, e não se aproveitar de obras intelectuais para ganhar dinheiro com modelos de negócios dos anos 1970 ou 1980, que não existem mais porque o suporte, a tecnologia e o acesso são outros. Nos anos 1980, o direito autoral só interessava para quem tinha uma gravadora, uma editora, e hoje interessa a todo mundo, pois todos têm acesso a obras pela Internet, todos modificam, criam, remixam e disponibilizam. Então, a forma de remuneração também tem que ser repensado, não basta repensar só a lei. Por isso, iniciativas como do Radiohead (que disponibilizou em seu site suas músicas para serem baixadas) são louváveis, pois é uma busca por um novo modelo de negócio, sabendo que o anterior já não funciona mais.</p>
<p>Uma coisa importante é que não existe uma incompatibilidade entre o licenciamento gratuito das obras, o que o Creative Commons promove, de modo geral, e o fato de que o autor não vai ganhar dinheiro. Esta busca por novos modelos de negócio gera também novas formas de remuneração. Há casos de autores, sobretudo de música, que licenciaram suas obras em Creative Commons e, ainda assim, ganham bastante dinheiro com outras formas, como shows, por exemplo. O BNegão, que integrava o grupo Planet Hemp, é um exemplo disso. Ele licenciou todas suas músicas em Creative Commons e tem vivido a partir de shows na Europa etc. Então não há uma incompatibilidade entre as obras estarem gratuitamente disponíveis na Internet e o fato de o autor ganhar dinheiro com elas. Isto é possível. Só deve ser pensada uma forma de acontecer, e aí cada caso é diferente, mas há vários casos de sucesso.</p>
<h5>Leia mais em Educação Política:</h5>
<blockquote>
<h5><a title="Link Permanente para CÓPIA OU DOWNLOAD DE OBRA ARTÍSTICA SEM O INTUITO DE LUCRO NÃO É CRIME E NEM CONTRAVENÇÃO PENAL NO BRASIL" rel="bookmark" href="../2008/11/20/copia-ou-download-de-obra-artistica-sem-o-intuito-de-lucro-nao-e-crime-e-nem-contravencao-penal-no-brasil/">CÓPIA OU DOWNLOAD DE OBRA ARTÍSTICA SEM O INTUITO DE LUCRO NÃO É CRIME E NEM CONTRAVENÇÃO PENAL NO BRASIL</a></h5>
</blockquote>
<h5><a title="Link Permanente para INCRÍVEL, ATÉ OS FAZENDEIROS NÃO AGUENTAM MAIS A PEQUENEZ DE RACIOCÍNIO DA BANCADA RURALISTA" rel="bookmark" href="../2009/11/05/incrivel-ate-os-fazendeiros-nao-aguentam-mais-a-pequenez-de-raciocinio-da-bancada-ruralista/">INCRÍVEL, ATÉ OS FAZENDEIROS NÃO AGUENTAM MAIS A PEQUENEZ DE RACIOCÍNIO DA BANCADA RURALISTA</a></h5>
<blockquote>
<h5><a title="Link Permanente para PARTIDO PIRATA FAZ SUCESSO NA EUROPA COM AGUMENTOS SENSATOS E EM DEFESA DA LIBERDADE" rel="bookmark" href="../2009/10/31/partido-pirata-faz-sucesso-na-europa-com-agumentos-sensatos-e-em-defesa-da-liberdade-2/">PARTIDO PIRATA FAZ SUCESSO NA EUROPA COM AGUMENTOS SENSATOS E EM DEFESA DA LIBERDADE</a></h5>
</blockquote>
<h5><a title="Link Permanente para INVESTIGAÇÃO DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO DO TRABALHO SOBRE ASSÉDIO MORAL CRESCE 600% NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO ENTRE 2004 E 2008" rel="bookmark" href="../2009/08/16/investigacao-do-ministerio-publico-do-trabalho-sobre-assedio-moral-cresce-600-no-estado-do-rio-de-janeiro-entre-2004-e-2008/">INVESTIGAÇÃO DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO DO TRABALHO SOBRE ASSÉDIO MORAL CRESCE 600% NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO ENTRE 2004 E 2008</a></h5>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mozart, los derechos de autor y el robo de leña.]]></title>
<link>http://pipasdecoco.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/mozart-los-derechos-de-autor-y-el-robo-de-lena/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 14:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>boigandreau</dc:creator>
<guid>http://pipasdecoco.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/mozart-los-derechos-de-autor-y-el-robo-de-lena/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[«Puede que no se haya explicado bien su trabajo [de la Sociedad General de Autores y Editores], pero]]></description>
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<blockquote><p><a href="http://pipasdecoco.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/clown-2-thumb1799353.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-655" title="clown-2-thumb1799353" src="http://pipasdecoco.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/clown-2-thumb1799353.jpg?w=267" alt="clown-2-thumb1799353" width="267" height="300" /></a></p></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>«Puede que no se haya explicado bien su trabajo [de la Sociedad General de Autores y Editores], pero es fundamental para proteger a los creadores. Mozart vivía en la miseria por no tener derechos de autor. Si los hubiera tenido, él y su familia hubieran vivido mejor y él hubiera sido más libre para crear.» Son declaraciones de Ángeles González-Sinde, ministra de Cultura, en <em>Los  desayunos de RTVE, </em>recogidas por el diario <em>Público</em>. <strong>[1] </strong>Como analogía resulta sorprendente porque, lejos de aclarar lo que pretendía –la función de la SGAE–, contribuye a la desinformación general con un anacronismo, engalanado de falacia a la autoridad –pues ¿quién va a oponerse a que Mozart componga libremente sus geniales partituras?–, que en el mejor de los casos no ilustra más que el desconocimiento de quien lo ha enunciado.</p>
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<p>Efectivamente, Mozart no tenía derechos de autor. La primera legislación en regular los derechos y contratos de publicación literarios, el <em>Statute of Queen Anne</em>, se aprobó en 1710 en el Reino Unido por la presión de los libreros, principalmente del Conger, que tenían el monopolio –bendecido por la corona británica– sobre la publicación y que veían como una amenaza la competencia de los editores extranjeros (y señaladamente los escoceses) <strong>[2]</strong>; en Alemania no se promulgó una ley similar hasta 1794. Pero en cualquier caso Mozart no podía beneficiarse de ella: murió en 1791 y era ciudadano austríaco. Repárese por un momento en las fechas de ambas leyes: no son casuales, sino que guardan relación con el particular desarrollo socioeconómico de las naciones que las aprobaron. La «lucha por los derechos de autor es reflejo –escribe el historiador del arte José-María Durán Medraño– de los debates acerca de la reorganización del mercado literario» y estos son, a su vez, reflejo de las transformaciones en la estructura social de un país:</p>
<p>«En una sociedad que se dispone como  sociedad productora de mercancías, es decir, como  productora de valores de cambio, este artista que engendra la  belleza, o lo agradable o lo interesante,  fue bien pronto consciente de que su producción estaba circulando en un mercado  que él no podía dominar. Comienza  así la lucha por demostrar el <em>valor</em> que los productos artísticos incluyen cuando son dados a un  mercado, comienza así la historia de la reivindicación intelectual del producto artístico, la historia de  los derechos de propiedad intelectual y del <em>copyright</em>. La   discusión en torno a los derechos de propiedad  intelectual […] supuso para el artista el acceso a la propiedad privada del hecho creativo (paralela a la  constitución de la propiedad privada burguesa o de la propiedad privada de los medios de producción  capitalista), que no se refiere al hecho material de la propiedad en sí sino más bien al hecho del derecho a la  propiedad sobre lo intelectual que esa  obra  transmite, esto es, a la propiedad sobre la producción de sentido o  significado. El hecho mismo de  esta propiedad ha posibilitado, lógicamente, la exigencia de un pago por los  derechos de reproducción o uso  de lo reproducido.» <strong>[3]</strong></p>
<p>No parece ser ése el caso de la Austria de Mozart: difícilmente podía darse un derecho positivo que es la expresión de una relación social determinada en una sociedad civil que todavía no la ha desarrollado plenamente. En este sentido, la frase “de haber tenido derechos de autor, Mozart y su familia hubieran vivido mejor y él hubiera sido más libre para crear” tiene la misma validez, desde un punto de vista histórico, que “de haber tenido un sistema con separación de poderes y contratos estipulados por ley, los siervos de la gleba de la alta edad media hubieran vivido mejor y hubieran sido más libres”, o sea, ninguna. Es más, le conduce a uno a preguntarse por qué no existió ningún genio en ninguna parte del mundo que inventase los derechos de autor o pidiese la abolición de la servidumbre hace dos mil años y nos hubiese ahorrado siglos de sufrimiento humano. Pero incluso dejando todo esto de lado, que no es poco, sabemos por el ejemplo del Estatuto de la Reina Ana arriba mencionado que los beneficiarios fueron en todo caso, y por aplastante mayoría, los editores y no los autores. No hay ninguna razón de peso para creer, como se sigue de esta hipótesis trivial, que, de haber gozado de derechos de autor –entiéndase: tal y como hoy se conciben–, fuera de un sistema de mecenazgo (ya fuese la corte de Salzburgo o la aristocracia vienesa que lo financió hasta la guerra con Turquía) y produciendo para un mercado artístico moderno, Mozart hubiese vivido mejor y hubiera compuesto más libremente. Los derechos de autor privativos son un producto histórico y, como tal, sujetos a cambio. Si las nociones de originalidad y propiedad intelectual son un viejo objeto de controversia tanto en el terreno del derecho como en el de la filosofía de la estética, puede decirse que la introducción de las nuevas tecnologías digitales ha agudizado las posiciones del debate, al permitir la creación de una obra artística o intelectual colectiva incluso a un nivel supranacional o atenuar las fronteras entre un productor (activo) y un consumidor (pasivo). <strong>[4]</strong> Por eso sorprenden también tanto las declaraciones de González-Sinde, porque ella misma recordaba que «nos enfrentamos a un momento muy difícil, en el que se está produciendo una transformación tecnológica y digital que afectan directamente a la difusión de las películas, a la forma de verlas y se hace necesario actuar, de hacer accesible la cultura a todo el mundo, porque una película o una obra que no se ve no tiene sentido.» Pero mientras el Ministerio de cultura brasileño ha optado inteligentemente por impulsar las licencias Creative Commons, su homólogo español ha adoptado los argumentos de a quienes Lessing define como “guerreros del <em>copyright</em>”, defendiendo más los intereses corporativos de editoriales, productores cinematográficos y discográficas (no sólo españolas: las estadounidenses llevan presionando al gobierno desde hace tiempo en este sentido) que los de los autores y la ciudadanía en su reivindicación de garantías para un acceso generalizado a la cultura: «¿Por qué deberíamos esperar a que el Congreso “reequilibre” nuestros derechos a la propiedad? ¿Es que tú tienes que esperar antes de llamar a la policía cuando te roban el coche? ¿Y, para empezar, por qué tendría que deliberar el Congreso sobre los méritos de este robo? ¿Es que nos preguntan si el ladrón de un coche lo usó bien antes de arrestarlo?» <strong>[5]</strong></p>
<p>El lector español estará familiarizado con estos argumentos. En las salas de cine se proyecta antes de cada película un anuncio institucional que ilustra justamente esa misma comparación. Sin embargo, la falta de proporcionalidad entre ambos hechos no convence a ningún espectador, que recibe el mensaje entre el tedio y la indiferencia más absoluta, y, por lo demás, trae al recuerdo el sagaz comentario de Marx con respecto a los debates en 1842 sobre la Ley acerca del Robo de Leña en la Dieta Renana, en que se hacía eco del proceso de creciente privatización de las tierras de uso comunal, cuyo secular uso y derecho se pretendía transformar en delito:</p>
<p>«Inmediatamente, al comenzar el  debate, un diputado de las ciudades se opone al título de la ley, por el que se extiende la categoría de  “robo” al simple debate forestal.</p>
<p>Un diputado de la nobleza responde  “que precisamente por no considerar un robo la sustracción de leña, ésta ocurre tan frecuentemente.”</p>
<p>Según esta analogía, el mismo  legislador tendría que razonar: por no considerar un golpe mortal a las bofetadas son estas últimas tan  frecuentes. Por lo tanto, hay que decretar que una bofetada es   un golpe mortal.» <strong>[6]</strong></p>
<p>Como escribe más adelante el propio Marx: «El objeto es diferente, la acción en referencia al objeto no es menos diferente, y la intención por lo tanto tiene que ser también diferente, ¿pues qué medida objetiva le pondríamos a la intención que no fuera el contenido y la forma de la acción? Y a pesar de esta diferencia esencial denomináis a ambos robo y los penáis como tal.» <strong>[7] </strong>El debate, allí como aquí, se clausuró desde arriba con la aprobación de la ley. Y, allí como aquí, las consecuencias y las preguntas que suscitaba, resultaron predecibles:</p>
<p>«Así como no conseguiréis forzar a  que se os crea que hay un delito donde no hay ninguno, conseguiréis en cambio que el propio delito se transforme en un  hecho justo. Habéis confundido los límites,  pero os equivocáis si creéis que la confusión obra sólo en interés vuestro. El  pueblo ve la pena y no ve el delito, y  puesto que ve la pena donde no hay delito no verá ningún delito donde haya una pena. Al aplicar la categoría de  robo cuando no debe ser aplicada, también la habéis desfigurado en los casos en que tiene que ser aplicada. ¿Y  acaso no se elimina a sí misma esta brutal  opinión que mantiene una determinación común en acciones diferentes y hace  abstracción de  la diferencia? Si toda  lesión de la propiedad, sin diferencia, sin determinación más precisa, es robo, ¿no sería toda propiedad privada un  robo?» <strong>[8]</strong></p>
<p><em>Mutato nomine, de te fabula narratur! </em>Como ha escrito Daniel Bensaïd, la lectura de los artículos de Marx adquiere hoy «una extraña actualidad [y plantea] el problema de la distinción entre el descubrimiento e invención y el de su interpretación jurídica. ¿Es posible privatizar una idea, teniendo en cuenta que en el fondo un programa informático no es más que un elemento de la lógica aplicada, es decir, una parcela de trabajo intelectual muerto acumulado? Según esta lógica de apropiación privatizadora, ¿nos atreveríamos a patentar incluso las matemáticas para someterlas al derecho de propiedad? La socialización del trabajo intelectual comienza desde la práctica de lenguaje, el cual constituye, indiscutiblemente y hasta que se demuestre lo contrario, un bien común de la humanidad no privatizable. Lo cual no impide que los actuales conflictos en torno al derecho de propiedad intelectual tiendan a sacudir al derecho liberal clásico y su legitimación de la propiedad por el trabajo. […] Estos rompecabezas filosófico-jurídicos son fruto de las contradicciones, cada vez más explosivas, entre la socialización del trabajo intelectual y la apropiación privada de ideas, por una parte; entre el trabajo abstracto, cuyo sostén es la medida mercantil, y el trabajo concreto difícilmente cuantificable que desempeña un rol creciente en el proceso de trabajo complejo, por otra parte.» <strong>[9]</strong></p>
<p>El actual debate en España en torno a la propiedad intelectual (lances similares los hay en Francia o Alemania) puede saldarse con un avance para los derechos de creadores e intelectuales, siguiendo el modelo brasileño, o en el del moderno “cercado” de la antigua propiedad comunal en beneficio de los intereses empresariales. Si “<em>ministro</em>” proviene del latín <em>minister </em>(&#8217;servidor&#8217;, &#8216;criado&#8217;, &#8217;subordinado&#8217;, &#8216;agente&#8217;), y en su uso en las modernas democracias pues, “subordinado de la ciudadanía”, entonces comprobaremos dentro de poco de quién es <em>ministra</em> Ángeles González-Sinde y su equipo.</p>
<p><strong>Notas</strong></p>
<p><strong>[1] </strong>“Mozart  vivía en la miseria por no tener derechos de autor”, <em>Público</em>, 5 de  noviembre de 2009. <strong>[2]</strong> Lawrence Lessig. <em>Por una cultura libre. Cómo los grandes grupos de comunicación utilizan la tecnología y la ley para clausurar la cultura y controlar la creatividad</em> (Madrid, Traficantes de Sueños, trad. de Antonio Córdoba), p. 103 y ss. Sobre los libreros, comenta Lessig haciéndose eco de Milton: «Los libreros nos parecen pintorescos e inofensivos. A la Inglaterra del siglo XVIII no le parecían inofensivos. Los miembros del Conger eran vistos cada vez más como monopolistas de la peor especie –instrumentos de la represión de la Corona, vendiendo la libertad de Inglaterra para garantizarse los beneficios de un monopolio. Los ataques contra estos monopolios fueron muy agrios. Milton los describió como “viejos dueños de patentes y monopolizadores del negocio de los libros”; eran “hombres que por tanto no trabajan en una profesión honrada a la cual se debe el conocimiento.» <strong>[3]</strong> José-María Durán, <em>Hacia una crítica de la economía política del arte </em>(Madrid,  Plaza y Valdés, 2008), p. 174 <strong>[4]</strong> Para algunos ejemplos, véase Àngel  Ferrero, “Por qué Wikipedia”, <em>Sin Permiso</em>, 15  de octubre de 2007, &#60;<a href="http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/index.php?id=1441">http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/index.php?id=1441</a>&#62;;  Lawrence Liang, “El copyright en blanco y negro (y gris)”, <em>Sin Permiso</em>,  11 de noviembre de 2007, trad. Àngel Ferrero, &#60;<a href="http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/index.php?id=1494">http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/index.php?id=1494</a>&#62;  <strong>[5]</strong> Lawrence Lessig, op. cit., p. 100. <strong>[6]</strong> Karl Marx. <em>Los  debates de la Dieta Renana</em> (Madrid, Gedisa, trad. de Juan Luis Vermal y  Antonia García), pp. 26-27 <strong>[7] </strong>Karl Marx, op. cit., p. 29 <strong>[8]</strong> Íbid., p. 30 <strong>[9] </strong>Daniel Bensaïd, “Marx y el robo de leña. Del derecho consuetudinario de los pobres al bien común de la humanidad”, Posfacio a Karl Marx. <em>Los  debates de la Dieta</em> Renana (Madrid, Gedisa, trad. de Juan Luis Vermal y  Antonia García), pp. 120-121.</p>
<p><strong>Àngel  Ferrero</strong> es licenciado en Comunicación Audiovisual por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Actualmente realiza el doctorado en esa misma universidad y escribe artículos de crítica cultural en la revista <a href="http://www.sinpermiso.info/" target="_blank">SINPERMISO</a>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Hackademy 3.0 ]]></title>
<link>http://ml32i.wordpress.com/2009/11/14/hackademy-3-0/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 19:07:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ml32i</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ml32i.wordpress.com/2009/11/14/hackademy-3-0/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://patiomaravillas.net/hamlab/%C2%A1fiesta"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://code.autistici.org/trac/hamlab/attachment/wiki/Hackademy/3_0_cartel/fotomonja3.png?format=raw" alt="" width="360" height="480" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Att kandidera till PP's riksdagslista]]></title>
<link>http://stormhierta.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/att-kandidera-till-pps-riksdagslista/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 09:19:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>stormhierta</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stormhierta.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/att-kandidera-till-pps-riksdagslista/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Så tog jag så tillslut beslutet att kandidera till riksdagslistan för Piratpartiet. Delvis för att m]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Så tog jag så tillslut beslutet att kandidera till riksdagslistan för <a title="Piratpartiet" href="http://www.piratpartiet.se" target="_blank">Piratpartiet</a>. Delvis för att min vän och affärspartner <a title="Anna Troberg" href="http://www.annatroberg.com" target="_blank">Anna Troberg</a> hela tiden har stått på sig att min röst behövs, men också för att jag känner att det behövs mer balans. Dels balans i form av geografisk spridning &#8211; sist jag kollade fanns det bara 17 kandidater på hela Norrlandslistan, vilket känns lite lite, men kanske framför allt balans i form av andra sätt att se på saker och ting. Jag är själv kreatör &#8211; dels genom <a title="XtremeCreator - Kreativt entreprenörskap" href="http://www.xtremecreator.com" target="_blank">Xtremecreator</a>, men kanske främst genom att jag skriver, publicerar och säljer rollspelsböcker via <a title="Dreamscarred Press - Psionic Roleplaying Books" href="http://www.dreamscarredpress.com" target="_blank">Dreamscarred Press</a>.</p>
<p>Jag tror att det är av vikt att när vi kommer in i riksdagen och kan börja påverka både lagstiftning och synsätt, att man har med sig individer från hela spektrat, inklusive kreatörer. Jag vill söka lösningar på problemet med bland annat patent som det ser ut idag, samt hur upphovsrätten skadar kultur, skapande och spridande av sagda kultur. Jag menar att det är viktigare att se till vad hela folket får ut av en lagstiftning, hellre än vad enskilda företag får ut av den, särskilt när den lagstiftningen används som ett vapen mer än ett skydd. Dock är fortfarande kreatörernas röst viktig i detta &#8211; vi måste samtidigt vara mer öppna för samtal, diskussioner, meningsutbyten. Det finns en poäng att sträva efter att utbyta synsätt, även om man för det inte nödvändigtvis behöver förändra sin politik.</p>
<p>Så varför ska ni rösta in mig på Piratpartiet&#8217;s riksdagslista? Tja, jag kan lyfta fram erfarenhet av att arbeta inom partiet. Har varit medlem sedan 2006 då jag samlade in underskrifter för att registrera partiet, fram till att jag i början av 2009 blev Valkretsledare för Gävleborg och samordnade våra resurser och vårt arbete under våren 2009. Jag har erfarenhet av ideellt arbete, då jag varit ordförande för flera föreningar, suttit i <a href="http://www.sverok.se" target="_blank">Sverok</a> GävleDala&#8217;s styrelse samt hjälpt andra att starta föreningar. Jag har utbildning inom Media- och Kommunikationsvetenskap, så jag hoppas att jag kan tillföra en akademisk syn på debatten också, samtidigt som jag är tvåbarnsfar och därmed har ett brinnande intresse för hur vår värld kommer att se ut om tio eller tjugo år, då mina barn har vuxit upp för att bli medborgare i vår värld.</p>
<p>Jag är i grunden optimist, jag tror att saker och ting går att förbättra så länge man faktiskt anstränger sig. Jag tror på att den lille människan kan vinna mot det stora företaget eller stora staten, att den kraft vi kan frammana tillsammans är starkare än någon annan. Jag tror på människan, att vi i grunden har en enorm potential till att vara goda och göra rätt. Därför ska ni rösta in mig på riksdagslistan. Tills dess, kan ni <a title="Stöd Andreas Rönnqvists kandidatur till PP's riksdagslista" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=182570946361" target="_blank">gå med i min Facebook-grupp</a> och visa ert stöd på det sättet!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Sospecho que no sale la propuesta de copyleft de Ezker Batua en el Parlamento Vasco]]></title>
<link>http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/sospecho-que-no-sale-la-propuesta-de-copyleft-de-ezker-batua-en-el-parlamento-vasco/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 23:32:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>robertoC</dc:creator>
<guid>http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/sospecho-que-no-sale-la-propuesta-de-copyleft-de-ezker-batua-en-el-parlamento-vasco/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Quienes pasáis a menudo por este blog sabréis que hace algo más de un mes Ezker Batua presentó en el]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Quienes pasáis a menudo por este blog sabréis que hace algo más de un mes <strong>Ezker Batua</strong> presentó en el Parlamento Vasco una propuesta no de ley en la que proponía que todas las <a href="http://muyloco.wordpress.com/2009/10/04/el-copyleft-entra-en-el-parlamento-vasco/">obras científicas o culturales publicadas por el Gobierno Vasco tuvieran una licencia copyleft</a> que permitiera la libre copia, distribución y reproducción. Sobre el texto que presentó EB se hicieron en este blog algunas mejoras que no han podido ser incoporadas por EB como enmiendas, pero que el resto de partidos ha tenido la posibilidad de conocer y decidir si las incorporaba o no. En todo caso, yo he aprendido mucho con esos comentarios más técnicos, así que aprovecho para agradecérselos a  <span class="fn"><a class="url" rel="external nofollow" href="http://blog.txipinet.com/">Txipi</a><span class="url">, </span></span><span class="fn"><a class="url" rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/profiles/hezumartin">Hezumartin</a> y</span> <span class="fn"><a class="url" rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.ikusimakusi.net/es/">Txopi.</a></span></p>
<p>El próximo lunes 16 se debatirá la propuesta en la Comisión de Cultura del Parlamento Vasco.  Hasta ahora tenía la intriga de cuál sería la posición del resto de partidos políticos. Pero ya no hay intriga: <a href="http://www.parlamento.euskadi.net/cm_abopvc/DDW?W=boc_clave=%2709110201008320091023005409%27">casi todos los partidos han presentado enmiendas y sabemos ya cuál es su postura</a>.</p>
<p>Me ha sorprendido y <strong>decepcionado la postura del PSE</strong>, porque no muestra un compromiso con el copyleft y su aplicación a las obras realizadas con fondos públicos. Es cierto que habla de mejorar la difusión de las obras, pero también de &#8220;<strong>mantener</strong> los derechos de propiedad intelectual&#8221;. El verbo &#8220;respetar&#8221; habría sido compatible con el copyleft. Pero ha usado el verbo mantener, que ya sabemos lo que significa: dejarlo todo igual. Habla también de estudiar y promover nuevos modelos de propiedad intelectual. Pero yo creo que no hay nada que estudiar: las distintas licencias están ahí. Y, desde luego, quedándose en &#8220;promover&#8221; licencias copyleft no se adopta un compromiso con la propuesta inicial.  Del resto de cuestiones que proponía Ezker Batua relativas a la difusión de obras copyleft y descatalogadas, nada de nada. Y por supuesto no incluyen ninguna de las mejoras que se propusieron en este mismo blog.</p>
<p>El <strong>PP</strong> es quien más rebaja los planteamientos iniciales de EB y sustituye la propuesta inicial de que todas las obras publicadas con fondos públicos tengan licencia copyleft por otra en la que <strong>se informaría en las convocatorias públicas de la posibilidad de publicar con esa licencia</strong>. Es un rechazo claro a la propuesta de EB.</p>
<p>El <strong>PNV</strong> creo que respeta el sentido inicial de la propuesta en cuando a la obligatoriedad de la aplicación de licencias copyright a estas obras publicadas con fondos públicos, aunque se olvida de la difusión de estas obras y de las descatalogadas y habla de que la difusión no tenga condicionantes lucrativos. Imagino que su planteamiento es que los autores no cobren, aunque en la propuesta de EB se planteaba la posibilidad de que cobraran.</p>
<p>Por último, <strong>Aralar</strong> respeta en su totalidad la propuesta de EB y corrige el error que se nos coló en el texto y del que nos avisaron Txipi y Txopi con los comentarios que dejaron, al identificar como copyrigh una licencia NON-COMMERCIAL. ¿Habrán pasado por mi blog los de Aralar? <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Ya veremos qué ocurre en lunes en el debate parlamentario, pero viendo las enmiendas a la totalidad de la mayoría PSE-PP, me da que se va a aprobar algo bastante menos ambicioso que lo que propuso <a href="http://parlamentuan.blogspot.com/">Mikel Arana</a>.</p>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:108px;width:1px;height:1px;">&#8220;Eusko Legebiltzarrak, ekoizpen kultural, artistiko<br />
El Parlamento Vasco, con el fin de mejorar la<br />
eta zientifikoa hobetzeko eta aldi berean autoreen<br />
difusión de la producción cultural, artística y científica<br />
jabetza intelektualeko eskubideak mantentzeko asmoz,<br />
y al mismo tiempo mantener los derechos de propie-<br />
Eusko Jaurlaritzari eskatzen dio aztertu eta susta ditzala<br />
dad intelectual de los autores, insta al Gobierno Vasco<br />
jabetza intelektualeko eredu berriak, copyleft lizentziak<br />
a estudiar y promover nuevos modelos de propiedad<br />
barne, batez ere Administrazio publikoak sortu edo<br />
intelectual, entre las que se incluyen las licencias<br />
copyleft, especialmente en todos los contenidos gene-      diruz lagundutako eduki guztietan&#8221;.<br />
rados o subvencionados por la Administración públi-<br />
ca&#8221;.</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Compartir Dóna Gustet!]]></title>
<link>http://radiosveines.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/compartir-dona-gustet/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 17:30:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>segonpremi</dc:creator>
<guid>http://radiosveines.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/compartir-dona-gustet/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Un nom d&#8217;aquells que fa somriure i el símbol del copyleft amb dues anses de paella són les seu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="alignleft" style="border:0 solid black;margin:5px;" title="Imatge del col·lectiu CDG" src="http://compartirdonagustet.net/files/logocdg.png" alt="" width="211" height="240" /></p>
<p>Un nom d&#8217;aquells que fa somriure i el símbol del <em>copyleft</em> amb dues anses de paella són les seues cartes de presentació. <strong>Compartir Dóna Gustet</strong> (<strong>CDG</strong>) és un projecte col·lectiu nascut al País Valencià que pretén fer patent la connexió entre les formes de fer de la cultura tradicional de transmissió oral i les noves possibilitats de producció i distribució lliures que ofereixen la xarxa i les noves tecnologies.</p>
<p>CDG treballa des de diferents disciplines i arts, entre els que destaca la música, en la recerca d&#8217;una nova concepció de la cultura que es basa en els següents fonaments:</p>
<p>- La <strong>cultura tradicional mediterrània</strong>. Pretenen allunyar-se de la forta influència cultural anglosaxona per donar a conéixer la nostra idiosincràsia i les nostres particularitats. Volen que la cultura tradicional no quede relegada a les festes tradicionals dels pobles, que siga compatible amb la vida moderna de les ciutats. La seua identitat no fa referència a unes fronteres polítiques definides, més aviat a un sentiment, el de pertinença al Mediterrani, o com diuen ells, &#8216;de per allà on es menja el pà de blat amb oli d&#8217;oliva&#8217;.</p>
<p>- La <strong>cultura popular</strong>, entesa com un espai d&#8217;encontre i de transmissió de sabers, llenguatges, imatges, gustos i músiques, com un espai de transformació. És popular perquè pretén ser oberta, lliure de transaccions econòmiques i posant èmfasi en la vida quotidiana. L&#8217;absència d&#8217;afany de lucre és fonamental. Es qüestiona la figura de l&#8217;artista com a autor totalment original de la seua obra, i s&#8217;advoca per formes més col·lectivistes i comunitàries, per una manera menys individualista d&#8217;entendre la creació i l&#8217;art.</p>
<p>- Una <strong>cultura lliure. </strong>Fomenten la producció i la distribució cultural a través de llicències lliures i obertes, <em>copyleft</em>. Qüestionen la propietat intel·lectual de les idees i creuen en una cultura popular compartida. Creuen en la transmissió directa i espontània de la cultura i especialment de la música. Les línies divisòries entre productors i receptors, creadors i espectadors, es difuminen cada vegada més, com ja passava en l&#8217;antiga cultura de transmissió oral.</p>
<p>- La<strong> col·lectivitat i la pluralitat de disciplines</strong>. Treballen en camps com la música, la fotografia, el disseny gràfic, la il·lustració, el vídeo, la reflexió teòrica, la cuina i l&#8217;ús de la xarxa. Han creat diverses obres, com el disc que van traure ara fa uns mesos i que es pot <a href="http://www.jamendo.com/es/album/47019">descarregar completament des de Jamendo</a>, que compta amb la col·laboració de molts músics. També fan videoclips, materials de documentació i recerca, textos, <em>performance </em>i moltes altres coses.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/DdKrrDZjEuk&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/DdKrrDZjEuk&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>- Defensen un <strong>espai públic</strong> front a la forta tendència privatitzadora que existeix a l&#8217;actualitat, tant als espais físics (places i carrers) com als espais virtuals. Fomenten la riquesa i el lliure intercanvi de productes culturals i formes de vida. Estan en contra de patents, normativitzacions, els cànons i el <em>copyright</em>. Compartir és l&#8217;única manera de defensar la cultura i la vida.</p>
<p>- La <strong>filosofia &#8220;guanyar guanyar&#8221;, el gustet i la importància de la vida quotidiana</strong>. La filosofia &#8220;guanyar guanyar&#8221; consisteix en difondre els missatges portant-los a la pràctica, defensar la cultura lliure assajant-la a la nostra vida. Les coses s&#8217;han de fer a un ritme tranquil i quotidià, respectant les aliances que sorgeixen pel camí i la comunitat que es va creant. Per això donen una gran importància al menjar: recuperar les receptes tradicionals i difondre-les, defensar els menjars populars i atendre als ingredients i al procés de cuina reflexa una manera d&#8217;entendre la vida i els processos de creació i producció cultural.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="El gustet" src="http://www.tea-tron.com/anticteatre/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/image3.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="314" /></p>
<p>En definitiva, un discurs ben treballat i unes idees plenes de voluntat i bons desitjos. Podeu aconseguir més informació a la seua <a href="http://compartirdonagustet.net/">pàgina web</a>, on a més es poden llegir notícies i hi ha la possibilitat de veure TeleGustet. El món seria millor si tots ens deixarem portat per aquestos preceptes i ens deixarem estar de tanta artificialitat, tanta falsa modernor i tanta bobada, veritat? La vida està per a gaudir-la, amb respecte i il·lusió i no per perdre el temps amb coses lletges. Així que ja sabeu, compartiu i doneu gustet!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Brad Sucks, la banda de un solo hombre]]></title>
<link>http://pisandocharcos.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/brad-sucks-la-banda-de-un-solo-hombre/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:13:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>pisandocharcos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://pisandocharcos.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/brad-sucks-la-banda-de-un-solo-hombre/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Si por algo se caracteriza la industria musical es por intentar frenar la tecnología en vez de adapt]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Si por algo se caracteriza la industria musical es por intentar frenar la tecnología en vez de adaptarse y buscar nuevos modelos de negocio, en una clara intención de ponerle diques al mar.</p>
<p>Muchos artistas, sobretodo nuevos en el <em>mundillo</em>, han comenzado a pensar en <strong>otros modelos de negocio</strong>, dejando de lado el afán por vender discos y enfocando más su carrera en darse a conocer mediante la difusión gratuita de su obra y viviendo de los conciertos, de la música en directo. Dejando de lado a las discográficas y pensando en autoeditarse. O dejando de lado los derechos de autor y publicando sus obras bajo licencias <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" target="_blank">copyleft</a> como <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" target="_blank">Creative Commons</a> o <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licencia_Arte_Libre">Arte Libre</a>.</p>
<p>Este nuevo modelo de música, la música libre, tiene otra ventaja. La<strong> libre distribución</strong>. Páginas como<strong> Jamendo</strong>, donde los artistas pueden subir su música gratuitamente y su público descargarla de igual manera, tienen ya más de 26.000 álbumes de todos los estilos.</p>
<p><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-31" title="brad sucks" src="http://pisandocharcos.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/brad-sucks.jpg" alt="brad sucks" width="196" height="279" />Uno de esos grupos es<em><strong> Brad Sucks</strong></em>, la curiosa banda unipersonal del canadiense Brad Turcotte, donde él solo escribe, graba, produce y publica las canciones en su página web para que se puedan descargar gratuitamente o comprar.<br />
Como ya he dicho, Brad Sucks se define como<strong> banda unipersonal</strong>, ya que Turcotte toca por separado la guitarra, el bajo, los teclados y es, además, la voz del grupo,  juntándolo todo después y dando la impresión de que es una banda de varios integrantes.<br />
Sus estilos son de amplio espectro y pasan por el rock más clásico al más alternativo, por el pop, el indie o la música electrónica.<br />
Sus dos álbumes <em>I Don&#8217;t Know What I&#8217;m Doing </em>y <em>Out of it</em>, han pasado de las 240.000 reproducciones y más de 15.000 descargas en la plataforma Jamendo, pero dichos discos pueden descargarse o comprarse en la própia página del grupo o en plataformas como <em>Magnatune, ccMixter, MySpace</em> o<em> Podsafe.</em><br />
Sus canciones han sido y son utilizadas en anuncios de televisión, en programas de radio o como banda sonora de la película<em> Wrath Of The 1337 King.</em><br />
Además Brad Turcotte aporta también su granito de arena al mundo del software libre, como los sonidos por defecto del Pidgin, un programa de mensajería instantánea o paquetes de software especializados para músicos.</p>
<p>Aquí dejo los enlaces a sus dos álbumes (contiene enlaces para escuchar en<em> streaming</em> o para descargarlos).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.jamendo.com/es/album/3798" target="_blank"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-36" style="border:3px solid black;" title="idontknowwhatimdoing" src="http://pisandocharcos.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/idontknowwhatimdoing.jpg" alt="idontknowwhatimdoing" width="200" height="200" /></a> <a href="http://www.jamendo.com/es/album/31187" target="_blank"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-35" style="border:3px solid black;" title="out of it" src="http://pisandocharcos.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/out-of-it.jpg" alt="out of it" width="200" height="200" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Fuentes:</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.bradsucks.net/music/" target="_blank"> http://www.bradsucks.net/music/</a> Página del Grupo<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Sucks" target="_blank"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Sucks</a> Reseña sobre Brad Sucks en la Wikipedia inglesa.<br />
<a href="http://www.jamendo.com/es/artist/bradsucks" target="_blank"> http://www.jamendo.com/es/artist/bradsucks</a> Brad Sucks en Jamendo. Incluye reseñas sobre sus dos álbumes.</p>
<p><strong>Enlaces recomendados:</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.jamendo.com/"> http://www.jamendo.com/</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Recopilación "Contra el Copyright".]]></title>
<link>http://merchandlinux.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/recopilacion-contra-el-copyright/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 11:06:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>merchandlinux</dc:creator>
<guid>http://merchandlinux.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/recopilacion-contra-el-copyright/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Portada del libro.El rostro de la industria cultural está cambiando en el mundo. Todos los días mill]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Portada del libro.El rostro de la industria cultural está cambiando en el mundo. Todos los días mill]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[The CopyNazi's Modern Day Protectionism]]></title>
<link>http://littlealexinwonderland.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/the-copynazis-modern-day-protectionism/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Editors</dc:creator>
<guid>http://littlealexinwonderland.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/the-copynazis-modern-day-protectionism/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Vedad Krehic on &#8216;intellectual property&#8217; at LewRockwell.com (LRC): How copyright has turn]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Vedad Krehic on &#8216;intellectual property&#8217; at LewRockwell.com (LRC): How copyright has turned the record labels, software                writers and film studios against their own customers.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://wp.me/pnWUd-2dS"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.soulsphere.org/img/copyleft-wetfloor.png" alt="" width="244" height="302" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><!--more-->by Vedad Krehic</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">9 Nov 09 &#124; <a title="http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig10/krehic1.1.1.html" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig10/krehic1.1.1.html" target="_blank">LRC</a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The consumer                entertainment industry lobbyists lie. They lie over, and over, and                over. They lie to the media, they lie to the politicians, they lie                to you. The lies in question are rarely looked upon critically by                the media or the politicians, only by grassroots opposition. The                main lies involved are all variations on the same theme; copying                equals theft. That is to say, if you copy a piece of data – be it                a software program, a song, a movie, a book, that makes you a thief.                You&#8217;re depriving the producer of that work of money which they supposedly                have a right to.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I don&#8217;t know,                maybe I wasn&#8217;t &#8220;educated&#8221; well enough in government schools, but                no matter how I twist and turn my logic, I still fail to see how                this even remotely makes sense. If I walk into a store and leave                with a jacket for which I have not paid then I have deprived the                store&#8217;s owner of his or her justly acquired, tangible property.                They have one less jacket. They are directly harmed by my action.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">If a friend,                however, lends me a music CD and if I then make a copy, so that                I can listen to the music without having to borrow the disc again                in the future, nobody is harmed. It is possible that I could, for                example, have made an agreement or contract with him when I borrowed                the disc stating that I cannot copy it. If I were to do it anyway,                I&#8217;d be in violation of a private agreement. If not, who is harmed                by my act of duplication? I used my own tangible property (CD drive,                computer, and hard drive or blank CD) to fashion a duplicate of                the data on the CD. The original CD is still my friend&#8217;s property.                I return it to him, and while he is no better or worse off than                he was before, I am now better off. The imprint of the music on                my tangible property makes that property marginally worth more to                me, as I can enjoy its use to a greater extent than previously.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Was anyone                harmed at any point here?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Yes&#8212;if you                choose to believe the consumer entertainment industry. They claim                there was a third party here that was being harmed. Can you see                the third party? There was me, and there was my friend. There was                my property and that of my friend. I don&#8217;t see the third party anywhere                in that process. I suppose my friend could have been in a contract                with the person or organization he purchased the CD from not to                copy it, but I wouldn&#8217;t have been bound by that contract. Either                way, I did nothing wrong.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">So who is this                mysterious third party? At which point does he appear, and how is                he harmed?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The third party                is the copyright holder. Wait, the what-holder? What&#8217;s a copyright                holder? Where does he come into play?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Well, let me                explain. You see, there&#8217;s this notion advocated by some&#8212;primarily                media lobbyists, objectivists and government officials&#8212;of an intellectual                property (I.P.). What is an intellectual property, you may ask? Well,                the gist of it is that if you do anything that requires a bit of                work with the big, roundish object mounted on top of your neck,                you have a time-limited monopoly on that action if you&#8217;re the first                person to do it.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Not understandable?                Let me enlighten you, dear reader, with some examples.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Let&#8217;s say you                are the first to invent a new type of screwdriver. According to                the theory of I.P., if you register it with a patent office, for all                intents and purposes you now own that idea. You own it for a limited                amount of time (20 years), after which the ownership magically vanishes.                How can you own the idea, you might ask? Well, according to I.P.,                that means that nobody else can legally manufacture the same type                of screwdriver for the duration of the ownership. Or, to put it                in clearer terms, nobody has a right to compete with you. You have                a monopoly. The same applies for all other sub-categories of I.P.,                including copyright, trademarks, trade secrets, and so on; but this                article is intended to focus mainly on copyright. For an extended                discourse and refutation of the other ones, as well as a more in-depth                take on copyright, I recommend to the reader Stephan Kinsella&#8217;s                brilliant essay, &#8220;Against                Intellectual Property&#8221; [<a title="http://mises.org/Books/against.pdf" href="http://mises.org/Books/against.pdf" target="_blank">.pdf</a>]</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Copyright follows                the same logic as the screwdriver inventor. It posits that the act                of making a &#8220;creative&#8221; work&#8212;such as writing a book, composing                a song, painting a picture, taking a photo and so on&#8212;creates a                different type of property on top of the tangible property that                already exists in that item. Follow me, dear readers, if you can,                through the logic. Let&#8217;s use a painting as an example. The painting                consists of a canvas and some paint. That&#8217;s the tangible property.                That&#8217;s what the painting&#8217;s owner owns. But, according to the theory                of I.P., there is (assuming the painting hasn&#8217;t been placed into the                public domain or had its copyright expire) another owner, as well.                The painter, or whomever he might have signed over the copyright                to the painting.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">You see, the                owner of the painting can do anything he wants with it (within the                bounds of the non-aggression axiom). He can throw rancid tomatoes                at it, he can hang it upside down, he can embed a block of wood                straight through the middle of it. It&#8217;s his or her right as the                owner. He may not, however, legally duplicate the pattern of paint                on the canvas. There is an existing moral prohibition against duplicating                it and then selling those duplicates as the original&#8212;it&#8217;s called                fraud. There is no such moral prohibition against merely duplicating                it, or, for that matter, duplicating it with the intention of selling                the duplicates (assuming one doesn&#8217;t claim they are original). The                reason he may not duplicate it is that the &#8220;creator,&#8221; the copyright                holder, doesn&#8217;t allow it. Granted, there are some exceptions, such                Creative Commons or other copyleft licenses which explicitly grant                the right to copy within the framework of copyright law. Nevertheless,                unless otherwise stated by the copyright holder, the legal assumption                is that unauthorized duplication is not permitted.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Can anyone                please explain to me how someone can be a just owner of something,                yet not be allowed to exercise his or her ownership rights over                it? He can throw rancid tomatoes at the painting, but not duplicate                the pattern that makes the painting a painting, rather than just                canvas and paint? Or, to use a different type of copyrightable pattern,                how can someone own their own brain yet not own the part of it containing                a song they memorized?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The logical                conclusion is that the natural right of property and the idea of                copyright, and of intellectual property in general, are fundamentally                incompatible and conflict sharply. You cannot own something and                have someone else dictate to you what you can and cannot do with                it, without that being an element voluntarily arrived at through                contract. In absence of a contract, the dictating party is initiating                aggression against the just owner of an item. Intellectual property                is an assault on tangible property.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">What we&#8217;re                looking at is protectionism in disguise&#8212;government giving preferential                treatment to one specific industry at the expense of the rest of                society. Now, let&#8217;s go back to the copyright holder, the mysterious                third party who was hurt by me copying the CD&#8217;s contents. What I&#8217;ve                done by copying my friend&#8217;s CD is violate a government-imposed monopoly                on copying the CD&#8217;s contents, the monopoly belonging to the copyright                holder. Hence, according to the idea of intellectual property, I&#8217;m                a thief. I&#8217;ve had the audacity to compete with the beneficiary of                the monopoly. That is the sense in which I&#8217;ve supposedly hurt a                third party.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Let&#8217;s take                a quick look at the current &#8220;copyright wars&#8221; being waged, in light                of the above description of copyright. The music industry in particular                and the broader copyright-dependent entertainment industries in                general are in decline. Their profit margins are going down, and                they don&#8217;t like it. The consumers aren&#8217;t as pleased with their products                as they once were. The seemingly rational course of action for the                industry is to look into why consumers aren&#8217;t pleased with their                products, see what they can do better, innovate, and drop their                prices to increase demand. What do the industries (by which I mean                the members of the IFPI and MPA) do, however?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">None of the                above.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In fact, not                only are they unwilling to innovate, they have gone to the extreme                of starting to sue their own potential and real customers&#8212;with                the number of lawsuits now over being over 20,000. I&#8217;m not a business                major, but I&#8217;m pretty damn sure that&#8217;s not a good way to                gain favour with your customers. In their view, every copy made                is a lost sale; each person who makes a copy&#8212;and a download from                a file-sharing network is a copy&#8212;must equal a lost sale. Because                I&#8217;m sure you&#8217;ve all gone and bought every single song or movie you&#8217;ve                heard or seen at a friend&#8217;s place, on the radio, on TV, and so on.                Let&#8217;s cut the crap, okay?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">There are many                theories on why the entertainment industries&#8217; profits are going                down the drain. My own personal favourites are as follows:</p>
<ol style="text-align:justify;">
<li>Lack of                  innovation and fear of technology. The industries have always                  been afraid of new technology. The radio, the player-piano, the                  phonograph, the VCR, cassette tapes etc. were seen as threats                  by the industry, which responded by attempting to restrict sales                  and ownership. They&#8217;re notoriously skeptical towards new technology,                  and will bend over backwards to prevent it from becoming commonplace.                  They&#8217;re unwilling to experiment and find new ways to fulfill customer                  demand. Apple practically had to force iTunes onto the market,                  the record labels weren&#8217;t willing to go along with it at first.                  They weren&#8217;t willing to only sell individual songs, they wanted                  whole albums sold.One glaring                  example of the entertainment industries&#8217; fear of technology was                  ex-MPAA president Jack Valenti&#8217;s 1982 statement to a U.S. Congressional                  panel:
<p>&#8220;I say to                  you that the VCR is to the American film producer and the American                  public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home alone.&#8221;</p>
<p>As we all                  know, VCRs went on to become one of the biggest profit sources                  for Hollywood in history, and now we have DVDs and Blu-Ray discs                  filling the VCR&#8217;s role.</li>
<li>Appealing                  to the lowest common denominator. This applies both to movies                  and music, but in my opinion, especially music. With their tight                  working relationship with radio and MTV-like TV channels, the                  IFPI members of the music industry have, until the last decade,                  had a virtual choke hold on customers. The radio and TV was the                  way new music was promoted and exposed to the customer. This is                  why a good portion of the popular music available today (which,                  of course, is a subjective opinion&#8212;but one many people would                  echo) is of dubious quality. Need I mention anything more than                  Britney Spears? The control they once had is now eroding. This                  is, I believe, one of the core reasons behind their stubborn unwillingness                  to embrace new technology, and especially the Internet: they give                  consumers more choice.Movies and                  news media, of course, aren&#8217;t exempt. Every year, Hollywood cranks                  out hundreds of movies, on which only a handful are truly worth                  spending one&#8217;s finite time. Who truly needs to see movies like                  Brüno? I mean, okay, it&#8217;s mildly humorous. But it&#8217;s far from                  intelligent.
<p><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/1.04/mediasaurus_pr.html">Here                  is an article</a> by Michael Crichton discussing the quality of                  the media, with emphasis on news media in particular. While that                  isn&#8217;t directly what this article is discussing, its observations                  can be applied to that of the entertainment media as well.</li>
<li>Treating                  the customer like a criminal. You walk into a cinema, buy a ticket,                  sit down and wait for the movie to start. Then you see <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GH5LPqp9Irs">this.</a>Doesn&#8217;t give                  you the impression that they like or trust their customers a whole                  lot, does it?
<p>But that&#8217;s                  just the beginning of it. The entertainment industries lobby politicians                  to strengthen and lengthen and broaden the scope of copyright                  laws. When last I checked, copyright in the U.S. lasts for life                  + 70 years. Who can claim that a musician should still have a                  monopoly on his or her works 70 years after they die?</p>
<p>Furthermore,                  they lobby for laws like the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright                  Act), which, among other things, further erodes property rights                  in that it makes reverse engineering DRM systems illegal. What&#8217;s                  DRM, you ask? DRM stands for Digital Rights Management. Restrictions                  might be a more apt term than rights. DRM is, in short, copy protection                  technology. It&#8217;s there on your DVDs, your Blu-Ray discs, your                  Audible audiobooks, and unfortunately many other places also.                  Sure, one could have DRM without copyright, but it wouldn&#8217;t make                  much sense to do so. DRM makes it difficult, but not impossible,                  to make copies of the contents of a medium such as a DVD. It&#8217;s                  a failed attempt by the copyright industries to use technology                  to prevent the use of other technology.</p>
<p>The results                  of using DRM have been mainly preventing non-tech-savvy users                  from making backups of their own discs (as tech-savvy users can                  figure out ways to copy them anyway) and to introduce unnecessary                  inconvenience to the customer. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore_%282008_video_game%29#Controversy">Here</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_BMG_CD_copy_protection_scandal">are                  a few</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments_signing_key_controversy">examples.</a></li>
<li>The entertainment                  industries&#8217; crusade against file sharing. A truly stillborn, yet                  relentlessly continued policy. This harks back to #1 &#38; #3,                  but deserves a mention of its own. File sharing, which is to say,                  people sharing media content in the form of digital files such                  as MP3s, has had a history dating back to the beginning of the                  digital computer age, but in its current, Internet based incarnation                  dates back only a decade. It started with Shawn Fanning releasing                  Napster in 1999. There were a few file-sharing networks prior                  to Napster, such as HotLine and Audiogalaxy, but Napster is the                  first one that got real traction. Millions of users copying music                  files from each other via the Internet. The music industry freaked.</li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align:justify;">They had Napster                shut down. Due to its centralized nature, it was a simple case of                shutting down the central coordinating server. Since then, file                sharing has been a whack-a-mole game with the entertainment industries&#8217;                lawyers and paid politicians constantly trying to shut down various                file-sharing networks, and new ones&#8212;more decentralized, anonymized                and secure&#8212;popping up to fill their place. And with every blow,                they make file sharing an even stronger movement. This isn&#8217;t just                me being dramatic, it&#8217;s a simple fact. They give it publicity. For                example, ThePirateBay, a Swedish BitTorrent (a popular file-sharing                technology) tracker and search engine, was attempted to be shut                down multiple times by various governments, as well as many national                government attempting to ban Internet providers in their respective                countries from allowing their users to access the site. Every single                attempt has been met with ridicule, and ThePirateBay&#8217;s user base                grew exponentially as a result of the publicity. The previous owners                of ThePirateBay are now on trial for promoting copyright infringement.                More on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay_trial">ThePirateBay&#8217;s                legal saga</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">All of these                elements combine to form a highly unfavourable impression of the                copyright industry in consumers&#8217; eyes. Technology is making traditional                entertainment industry business models obsolete. Instead of innovating,                the industries are using the hammer of government to force their                customers to comply with 1970s business models&#8212;and now those customers                are rebelling. As a result, the measures applied by governments                to coerce them just keep getting more and more draconian. The <a href="http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/11/leaked-acta-internet-provisions-three-strikes-and-">ACTA</a>,                or Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, an international copyright                treaty which is being negotiated in secrecy, is just the latest                in a series of totalitarian treaties promoted by the copyright-dependent                entertainment industries.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">That treaty,                if passed, would mark the death of the Internet as we know it; pretty                much every single website and service with user-uploaded content                would be forced out of business by the sheer cost of compliance.                Bye-bye YouTube, Flickr, Google Book Search, digg, Wikipedia, etc.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">We can&#8217;t let                this insanity go on any longer – eliminate imaginary property!</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">[Thanks for                editorial help from John T.]</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Vedad Krehic is a student studying digital media production in Norway. <a title="mailto:tda@gmx.com" href="mailto:tda@gmx.com" target="_blank">Send him mail</a>.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>RELATED:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a rel="bookmark" href="../2009/05/14/intellectual-property-%e2%80%94-a-libertarian-critique/">Intellectual Property — A Libertarian Critique</a></li>
<li><a title="http://littlealexinwonderland.wordpress.com/2009/08/02/stephan-kinsella-on-intellectual-property-and-libertarianism-mp3/" rel="bookmark" href="http://littlealexinwonderland.wordpress.com/2009/08/02/stephan-kinsella-on-intellectual-property-and-libertarianism-mp3/" target="_blank">Stephan Kinsella on ‘Intellectual Property’ and Libertarianism (mp3)</a></li>
<li><a class="title" rel="bookmark" href="../2009/05/31/should-you-give-away-your-precious-ip/">Should You Give Away Your Precious IP?</a></li>
<li><a rel="bookmark" href="../2009/05/15/copyright-communism/">Copyright Communism?</a></li>
<li><a rel="bookmark" href="../2009/02/12/ip-its-a-market-failure-argument/">IP: It’s a Market Failure Argument</a></li>
<li><a rel="bookmark" href="../2009/02/09/the-mercantilism-of-our-time/">The Mercantilism of Our Time</a></li>
<li><a rel="bookmark" href="../2009/01/30/monopoly-kills-creativity/">Monopoly Kills Creativity</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php"><img src="http://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/sm-share-en.gif" border="0" alt="" width="83" height="16" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Creative Commons Party: sabato 28 novembre 2009]]></title>
<link>http://isilenti.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/creative-commons-party-sabato-28-novembre-2009/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 08:01:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>willoworld</dc:creator>
<guid>http://isilenti.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/creative-commons-party-sabato-28-novembre-2009/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sabato 28 novembre 2009 sarà celebrato il Party dedicato a Creative Commons Italia ed organizzato da]]></description>
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<p>Sabato 28 novembre 2009 sarà celebrato il <strong> Party </strong> dedicato a <a title="Creative Commons Italia" href="http://www.creativecommons.it/">Creative Commons Italia</a> ed organizzato dal <a title="Centro Nexa su Internet e Società del Politecnico di Torino" href="http://nexa.polito.it/">Centro Nexa su Internet e Società del Politecnico di Torino</a>. Il Party si aprirà alle ore 20:00 presso il <strong> Cafè Liber</strong>, in Corso Vercelli n. 2 (angolo Lungo Dora Napoli), Torino, con un aperitivo accompaganto da <strong>dj set</strong>. Successivamente, alcuni <strong>artisti emrgenti</strong> si esibiranno sotto la direzione di <strong>Mao</strong>, affermato artista torinese.  Infine la serata si concluderà nella <strong>sala dance</strong>. L&#8217;ingresso è gratuito per i possessori della <strong> tessera ARCI </strong> ed è ridotto (con consumazione) per tutti gli altri.</p>
<p>Il Party permetterà a tutti gli appassionati di Creative Commons di confrontarsi sui temi delle licenze libere e di condividere le proprie esperienze, nonchè a chiunque vi fosse interessato di accostarsi a questo progetto.</p>
<p>Il Party rappresenterà, in particolare, l&#8217;occasione per concludere <a href="http://creativecommons.it/ccit09">CCIT2009</a>, vale a dire la sessione dedicata ai risultati raggiunti ed ai progetti intrapresi da Creative Commons Italia che avrà luogo nel corso della Conferenza Annuale del Centro Nexa, in programma presso l&#8217;Aula Magna del Politecnico al Lingotto, in via Nizza, dalle ore 10 alle ore 18 dello stesso 28 novembre (ulteriori informazioni sulla Conferenza sono disponibili sul <a title="sito del Centro" href="http://nexa.polito.it/">sito del Centro</a>). Il Centro Nexa, infatti, coordina in Italia il progetto <a title="CreativeCommons.org" href="http://creativecommons.org/">Creative Commons</a>, nato nel 2001 alla Stanford University su iniziativa del Prof. Lawrence Lessig.</p>
<p>Per ulteriri informazioni e contatti è possibile rivolgersi ad Anna Piccitto (anna.piccitto@polito.it), responsabile Ufficio Stampa del Centro Nexa.</p>
<p>FONTE: <a href="http://creativecommons.it" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.it </a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Música lliure, treballs fins]]></title>
<link>http://radiosveines.wordpress.com/2009/11/08/musica-lliure-treballs-fins/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 08 Nov 2009 15:33:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>galonthemoon</dc:creator>
<guid>http://radiosveines.wordpress.com/2009/11/08/musica-lliure-treballs-fins/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Quan un realitzador audiovisual o un aficionat que manté un podcast volen penjar els seus treballs a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Quan un realitzador audiovisual o un aficionat que manté un podcast volen penjar els seus treballs a la xarxa, poden trobar-se en problemes molt fàcilment, doncs quina <strong>producció audiovisual</strong> pot passar sense <strong>música</strong>? Excepte <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0477348/">alguna pel·li</a>, poques voltes ho hem vist. Donat que els defensors de la<strong> </strong>propietat intel·lectual han arribat a demanar diners per les <a href="http://www.vilaweb.cat/www/noticia?p_idcmp=3132304">cançons que sonen a les bodes</a>, a ningú hauria d&#8217;estranyar que, un dia, qualsevol de nosaltres rebera un amable correu exhortant-li a pagar els <strong>drets d&#8217;autor</strong> de la música que posà al reportatge de pràctiques que va fer a primer i que va tindre la genial idea de penjar a <a href="http://www.youtube.com/">YouTube</a>.</p>
<p>Davant d&#8217;això, quina és la millor estratègia? Simplement, passar de la música amb copyright quan vulguem publicar alguna cosa, ja siga a l&#8217;internet  o en format físic. Hui en dia, existeix una gran quantitat de músics que han decidit <strong>publicar </strong>les seues composicions sota una<strong><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons"> llicència Creative Commons</a></strong> -la més coneguda d&#8217;entre les llicències lliures-, i la pràctica totalitat ho fa a la xarxa. Queda pendent a aquest bloc un article sobre diversos artistes i projectes que s&#8217;han llançat cap a la música lliure, però hui es tracta de fer una cosa un poquet més pràctica: anem a recomanar-vos alguns enllaços on obtenir música lliure per als treballs, les pràctiques i demés material susceptible de ser mostrat fora de classe.</p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.jamendo.com/en/"><img class="alignleft" title="logo jamendo" src="http://img.jamendo.com/press/presskit/logo_2600_710.jpg" alt="" width="326" height="89" />Jamendo</a>:</strong> és segurament la web més coneguda de totes les que tenen un catàleg propi, amb més de 26.000 àlbums a disposició dels usuaris. A banda de llistes amb les cançons més escoltades, incorpora la possibilitat d&#8217;escriure crítiques de discos i cançons a tots els usuaris que s&#8217;hi registren. Les <strong>etiquetes</strong>, tot i ser millorables (només es pot etiquetar per estils), són prou útils per a triar la música que necessitem.</p>
<p><a href="http://freemusicarchive.org/"><strong><img class="alignright" title="logo fma" src="http://www.creativecommons.cl/archivos/fma.jpg" alt="" width="223" height="96" />FMA (Free Music Archive)</strong>:</a> aquesta base de dades de música lliure és desenvolupada per la ràdio <a href="http://wfmu.org/">WFMU</a>, una de les més importants ràdios lliures americanes, i ofereix temes i<strong> àlbums classificats</strong> en 15 gèneres musicals.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.dogmazic.net/index.php?op=edito&#38;choice_user_language=english"><strong><img class="alignleft" title="dogmazic-logo" src="http://www.framasoft.net/IMG/partenaires/logo-Dogmazic_200.png" alt="" width="74" height="76" /></strong></a><strong><a href="http://www.dogmazic.net/index.php?op=edito&#38;choice_user_language=english">Dogmazic:</a></strong> un portal francès molt complet, amb una aparença dinàmica i moderna, però amb una <strong>catalogació d&#8217;estils</strong> molt eficient.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.opsound.org/index.php"><strong><img class="alignright" title="opsound-logo" src="http://sturclub.de/opsound.gif" alt="" width="240" height="48" />Opsound:</strong></a> és una pàgina molt senzilla, amb un sol menú, a la que pots trobar un elevat nombre d&#8217;artistes de música <strong>electrònica </strong>i experimental, ideal per a podcasts.</p>
<p><strong><a href="http://search.creativecommons.org/"><img class="alignleft" title="commons-logo" src="http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/wp-content/cc.logo.large.png" alt="" width="278" height="66" /></a></strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://search.creativecommons.org/">Cercador de Creative Commons</a>:</strong> permet cercar tot tipus de documents online amb llicència Creative Commons, recopilant informació de webs com <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a>, <a href="http://blip.tv/">Blip.tv</a> o <a href="http://www.flickr.com/">flickr</a>.</p>
<p>L&#8217;ús de música copyleft per als periodistes només té dos xicotets inconvenients. El primer, conseqüència dels pocs artistes copyleft que coneixem, és la dificultat de cercar les cançons que s&#8217;ajusten exactament al tipus de música que busquem. Els tags són útils a aquestes webs, però encara s&#8217;han de desenvolupar més i millor. La segona és la confusió que poden provocar les llicències Creative Commons entre qui les vol utilitzar, doncs n&#8217;hi ha <a href="http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/?lang=ca">sis tipus</a>, amb diversos graus d&#8217;<em>alliberament </em>dels drets d&#8217;autor, i no totes donen dret als usuaris a la modificació de l&#8217;obra original, per exemple.</p>
<p>Això sí, una volta superats els possibles inconvenients&#8230; a gaudir creant i compartint!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[USPTO Director promises to shake things up]]></title>
<link>http://backofthenapkinblog.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/uspto-director-promises-to-shake-things-up/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 08:53:21 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>punctuatedequilibrium</dc:creator>
<guid>http://backofthenapkinblog.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/uspto-director-promises-to-shake-things-up/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Back of the Napkin Factoid. Potash was used in soapmaking back in 1790. Today it&#39;s mostly used a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_30" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 295px"><a href="http://backofthenapkinblog.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/sulphate-of-potash.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-30 " title="sulphate-of-potash" src="http://backofthenapkinblog.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/sulphate-of-potash.jpg?w=285" alt="" width="285" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Back of the Napkin Factoid. Potash was used in soapmaking back in 1790. Today it&#39;s mostly used as fertilizer.</p></div>
<p>The first US patent was awarded to Samuel Hopkins in 1790. He patented a method for producing potash for use in soapmaking. If Samuel had applied to the USPTO of today, he might still be waiting to hear back.</p>
<blockquote><p>Will Shakespeare: It is a new day.<br />
Viola De Lessups: It is a new WORLD.<br />
&#8211; Shakespeare in Love</p></blockquote>
<p>No joke, those lines darted to mind when I read that David Kappos, the new Director of the US Patent and Trademark Office, is <a href="http://www.uspto.gov/blog/">(1) blogging (2) about reforming the &#8220;broken patent system.&#8221;</a> What a difference a year makes! Then the thought of examining patents all day lulled me back to sleep.</p>
<p>But really, this is exciting stuff. Hopefully patent reform will include fast-track applications and embrace ideas from the land of the copyleft.</p>
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