Continuing our talk that we started about online design support tools, today I’m gonna discuss a very useful online resource widely used by engineers around the world.  There, you can find blogs, forums and videos that will add a lot to your experience.

What’s it?

It’s the TI E2E: Texas Instruments Engineer-to-Engineer  online community found by Texas Instruments. Personally I like it so much  and there you’ll find your peer engineers who will share  their technical challenges & solutions. 

So don’t waste your time and sign in from here to start your exciting experience.

Example:

How To Read A Standard Logic Datasheet?

Like that?

So let’s meet there!

You can download our product datasheets from the following locations.

Datasheet of USBTrace, the USB Protocol Analyzer software:

Download USBTrace Datasheet

Datasheet of USBDeviceShare, the USB device sharing utility :

Download USB Device Share Datasheet

The AUG is an Austrian 5.56mm assault rifle, designed in the early 1970s by Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG (formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch). The AUG (Armee Universal Gewehr—”universal army rifle”) was adopted by the Austrian Army as the StG 77 (Sturmgewehr 77) in 1977, where it replaced the 7.62 mm StG 58 automatic rifle (a license-built FN FAL). In production since 1978, it is the standard small arm of the Austrian Bundesheer and various national police units.

The rifle has also been adopted by the armed forces of Argentina, Australia (accepted into service in 1985 and manufactured by Australian Defence Industries in Lithgow, this Austeyr model is also in use by New Zealand), Bolivia, Ecuador (since 1988), Ireland, Luxembourg, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia (introduced in 1978), Pakistan and since 1988— U.S. Customs (now the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency).

The AUG was designed as a family of rifles that could be quickly adapted to a wide variety of roles with the change of the barrel to a desired length and profile, among which are: a compact 350 mm (13.8 in) barrel, 407 mm (16.0 in) carbine barrel, 508 mm (20.0 in) standard rifle-length barrel and a 621 mm (24.4 in) light machine gun barrel. The AUG is a modular, bullpup configuration rifle that employs a high level of synthetic and advanced alloy components.

The primary variant of the rifle, designated the AUG A1, consists of six main assemblies: the barrel, receiver with integrated telescopic sight, bolt and carrier, trigger mechanism, stock and magazine. The AUG is a selective fire weapon with a conventional gas piston operated action that fires from a closed bolt. The gas cylinder is offset to the right side of the barrel and works with one of the two guide rods. The rotating bolt features 7 radial locking lugs and is unlocked by means of a pin on the bolt body and a recessed camming guide machined into the bolt carrier. The bolt carrier itself is guided by two guide rods brazed to it and these rods run inside steel bearings in the receiver. The guide rods are hollow and contain the return springs. The bolt also contains a claw extractor that forms the eighth locking lug and a spring-loaded “bump”-type casing ejector. The AUG uses a short-stroke piston system where the right guide rod serves as the action rod, transmitting the rearward motion of the gas-driven piston to the bolt carrier. The left-hand rod provides retracting handle pressure when connected by the forward assist and can also be used to remove fouling in the gas cylinder by utilizing the left-hand guide rod as a reamer. The firearm uses a 3-position gas valve (the first setting, marked with a small dot, is used for normal operation, the second setting illustrated with a large dot – fouled conditions while the third, “GR”-marked closed position is used to launch rifle grenades of the non-bullet trap type), a two-stage trigger (pulling the trigger halfway produces semi-automatic fire, pulling the trigger all the way to the rear produces fully automatic fire) and a safety mechanism (cross-bolt, button type), located immediately above the hand grip. In its “safe” position (white dot) the trigger is mechanically disabled; pressing the safety button to the left exposes a red dot and indicates the weapon is ready to fire. Some versions have an ALO or “automatic lockout”, a small projection at the base of the trigger. This was first included on the Irish Defence Forces variant of the rifle, and soon after, the Australian Defence Forces variant. In the exposed position the ALO stops the trigger being squeezed past the semi-automatic position. If needed, the ALO can be pushed up to permit automatic fire.

The AUG is hammer-fired and the firing mechanism is contained in the rear of the stock, near the butt, covered by a synthetic rubber shoulder plate. The hammer group is made entirely of plastics except for the springs and pins and is contained in an open-topped plastic box which lies between the magazine and the buttplate. During firing the recoiling bolt group travels over the top of it, resetting the hammer. Since the trigger is located some distance away, it transmits its energy through a sear lever which passes by the side of the magazine. The firing pin is operated by a plastic hammer under pressure from a coil spring.

The rifle is fed from translucent, double-column box magazines (molded from a high-strength polymer) with a 30-round capacity and an empty weight of 130 g (4.6 oz). The light machine gun version of the AUG uses an extended 42-round magazine.

The quick-change barrel used in the AUG is cold hammer-forged by GFM-GmbH of Steyr Austria for increased precision and durability, its bore, chamber and certain components of the gas system are chrome-plated. The standard rifle-length barrel features 6 right-hand grooves and a rifling twist rate of 228 mm (1:9 in). An external sleeve is shrunk on to the barrel and carries the gas port and cylinder, gas valve and forward grip hinge jaw. There is a short cylinder which contains a piston and its associated return spring. The barrel locks into a steel insert inside the receiver through a system of eight lugs arranged around the chamber end and is equipped with a folding, vertical grip that helps to pivot and withdraw the barrel during barrel changes. The most compact of the barrels has a fixed vertical grip. Three-pronged, open-type flash suppressors were used on the 350 mm (13.8 in), 407 mm (16.0 in) and 508 mm (20.0 in) length barrels, whereas the 621 mm (24.4 in) light machine gun barrel received a closed-type ported muzzle device (combination flash suppressor and compensator) and an integral, lightweight folding bipod. The flash suppressors are screwed to the muzzle and internally threaded to take a blank-firing attachment. Rifles equipped with 407 mm (16.0 in) and 508 mm (20.0 in) barrels are able to launch rifle grenades. 508 mm (20.0 in) pattern barrels produced for military purposes are also equipped with a bayonet lug. The manufacturer offers two other 508 mm (20.0 in) barrel configurations: the first – fitted with a fixed, post foresight (used on the standard rifle version with aperture iron sights) and the second type – equipped with a 40 mm M203 grenade launcher that can be used mounted on the standard length rifle or autonomously – as a stand-alone grenade launcher after attaching a shoulder pad to the end of the 5.56 mm barrel.

The receiver housing is a steel-reinforced aluminum extrusion finished with a baked enamel coating. It holds the steel bearings for the barrel lugs and the guide rods. The non-reciprocating plastic cocking handle works in a slot on the left side of the receiver and is connected with the bolt carrier’s left guide rod. The cocking handle has a forward assist feature – alternatively called a “silent cocking device” – used for pushing the bolt shut without recocking the rifle. A bolt hold-open device locks the bolt carrier assembly back after the last round has been fired. The AUG lacks a bolt release button, and the cocking handle must be retracted to release the bolt group after a new magazine has been inserted. Integrated with the receiver casting is a fixed carry handle that contains a 1.5x telescopic sight made by Swarovski Optik. It contains a simple black ring reticle with a basic rangefinder that is designed so that at 300 m (984.3 ft) a 180 cm (5 ft 10.9 in) tall man-size target will completely fill ( subtend ) it, giving the shooter a relatively accurate method of estimating range. The sight cannot be set to a specific range but can be adjusted for windage and elevation for an initial zero and is designed to be calibrated for 300 m. When so set, aiming at the centre of a target will produce a hit at all ranges out to 300m. The rifle also has a back-up iron sight with a rear notch and front blade, cast into the top of the aluminum optical sight housing, used in case of failure or damage to the primary optical sight. The sight is also equipped with a set of three illuminated dots (one on the front blade and two at the rear) for use in low-level lighting conditions. In order to mount a wide range of optics and accessories, a receiver with a NATO-standard Picatinny rail and detachable carry handle was also developed and introduced in 1997.

The rifle’s stock is made from fiberglass-reinforced polyamide 66. At the forward end is the pistol grip with an enlarged forward trigger guard completely enclosing the firing hand that allows the rifle to be operated with winter gloves. The trigger is hung permanently on the pistol grip, together with its two operating rods which run in guides past the magazine housing. Behind that is the locking catch for the stock group. Pressing this to the right will separate the receiver and stock. The magazine catch is behind the housing, on the underside of the stock. Above the housing are the two ejector openings, one of which is always covered by a removable strip of plastic. The rear of the stock forms the actual shoulder rest which contains the hammer unit and the end of the bolt path. The butt is closed by an endplate which is held in place by the rear sling swivel. This swivel is attached to a pin which pushes in across the butt and secures the plate. The rifle is fully ambidextrous. It can be configured for use by left-handed shooters by simply changing the bolt for a left handed one with the extractor and ejector on opposite sides, and moving a blanking cap from the left ejection opening to the right.

The AUG uses the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge and the standard 1:9 rifling twist will stabilize both SS109/M855 and M193 bullets. Some nations including Australia and New Zealand use a version with a 1:7 twist optimised for the SS109 NATO round.

A semi-automatic version of the rifle known as the AUG P is available to the civilian and law enforcement markets. It features a shorter, 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel and a modified bolt, carrier and trigger assembly that will only allow semi-automatic fire. The rifle also has a slightly different optical sight that features a reticule with a fine dot in the center of the aiming circle, allowing for more precise aiming.

The light machine gun variant can be modified to fire from an open bolt (called the AUG LMG in this configuration). To accomplish this, a modified bolt carrier, striker and trigger mechanism with sear are used.

The rifle comes standard with four magazines, a muzzle cap, spare bolt for left-handed shooters, blank-firing adaptor, cleaning kit, sling and either an American M7 or Austrian KCB bayonet.

Based on the AUG, Steyr developed the 9 mm AUG submachine gun that fires the 9×19mm Parabellum pistol cartridge. It is an automatic, blowback-operated model that fires from a closed bolt. Unlike the rifle variants, this SMG has a unique 420 mm (16.5 in) barrel with 6 right-hand grooves at a 250 mm (1:9.8 in) rifling twist rate, ended with a recoil compensator, a slightly different charging handle and a magazine well conversion insert enabling the use of standard 25-round box magazines from the Steyr MPi 81 and TMP submachine guns. A conversion kit used to transform any rifle variant into the submachine gun is also available. It consists of a barrel, bolt, adapter insert and magazine.

Variants:

• AUG A1: Standard version introduced in 1977. Available with a choice of green or black furniture.
• AUG A2: Similar to the A1, but features a redesigned charging handle and a detachable telescopic sight which can be replaced with a MIL-STD-1913 rail.
• AUG A2 Commando: Similar to the A2, variant for the Austrian Special Forces introduced in late 2007. Features telescopic sight and side mounted MIL-STD-1913 rails.
• AUG A3 SF: Upper rail and integrated MIL-STD-1913 railed foregrip. It can be ordered with features such as a STANAG magazine stock group and an external bolt release.
• AUG A3: Similar to the A2 Commando with 16 inches barrel, features telescopic sight housing with MIL-STD-1913 rails.
• AUG P: Semi-automatic AUG A1 with a shorter, 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel.
• AUG P Special Receiver: Railed version of the AUG P.
• AUG 9 mm (AUG SMG/AUG Para): Chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum differs from A1 model in barrel, bolt, magazine and a magazine well adapter which allows the rifle to feed from Steyr MPi 69 magazines. This version operates as a blowback firearm, without use of the rifle’s gas system. For some time a kit of the above components was available to convert any AUG into a 9 mm SMG.
• AUG A3 9mm XS: 9mm Submachine gun version of the AUG A3. Similar to AUG 9 mm. But features 12.8 inches barrel and picatinny rail system.
• AUG M203: An AUG modified for use with the M203 grenade launcher.
• AUG LSW (Light Support Weapon): A family of light support versions of the AUG.
• AUG HBAR (Heavy-Barreled Automatic Rifle): A longer, heavier-barreled version for use as a light machine gun.
• AUG LMG (Light machine gun): Based on the AUG HBAR, fires from an open bolt, has 4x rather than 1.5x optic of the base AUG.
• AUG LMG–T: Same as LMG, but has rail similar to the AUG P Special Receiver.
• AUG HBAR–T: A rifle based on the HBAR with a universal scope mount cast into the receiver and fitted with a Kahles ZF69 6×42 optical sight.
• AUG Z: Semi-automatic version, somewhat similar to the A2, intended primarily for civilian use.
• AUG SA: Semi-automatic version of the A1 variant; built for civilian use and import to the US before being banned from importation in 1989.
• USR: An AUG A2 modified to meet U.S. regulations, with modifications including a thumbhole grip. All rifles were imported by GSI.

Specifications

Weight 3.6 kg (7.9 lb) (standard rifle)
3.3 kg (7.3 lb) (carbine)
3.2 kg (7.1 lb) (subcarbine)
3.9 kg (8.6 lb) (LMG)
3.3 kg (7.3 lb) (SMG)

Length 790 mm (31.1 in) (standard rifle)
690 mm (27.2 in) (carbine)
630 mm (24.8 in) (subcarbine)
900 mm (35.4 in) (LMG)
665 mm (26.2 in) (SMG) Barrel length 508 mm (20.0 in) (standard rifle)
407 mm (16.0 in) (carbine)
350 mm (13.8 in) (subcarbine)
621 mm (24.4 in) (LMG)
420 mm (16.5 in) (SMG)

Cartridge 5.56×45mm NATO
9×19mm Parabellum (SMG)

Action Gas-operated, rotating bolt

Rate of fire 680–750 rounds/min

Muzzle velocity 940 m/s (3,084 ft/s) (standard rifle)

Effective range Sighted for 300 m

Feed system 30 or 42-round box magazine (5.56 mm)
25 or 32-round MPi 69’s box magazine (9 mm)

Sights Swarovski 1.5x telescopic sight, back-up iron sights.

The FAMAS (French: Fusil d’Assaut de la Manufacture d’Armes de Saint-Étienne or “Saint-Étienne arms factory assault rifle”) is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in France by MAS (an abbrevation of Manufacture d’Armes St. Etienne – one of several government-owned arms factories in France) located in Saint-Étienne, which is now a member of the French government-owned Nexter (formerly GIAT Industries) group. It is the service rifle of the French military.

Development

The first French bullpup rifles were developed between 1946 and 1950 at the AME (Atelier Mecanique de Mulhouse) and MAS, testing rounds such as .30 US Carbine, 7.92×33mm Kurz, 7.65×38mm (Made by Cartoucherie de Valence) and some other intermediate calibers. Since France was engaged in the First Indochina War at the time, and was also the second-largest contributor to NATO, the budgets for new types of weapons were reduced and priority was given to the modernisation and production of existing service weapons. Nevertheless, approximately forty different prototypes were developed between 1952 and 1962, most of which were designed for the 7.62×51mm NATO round, however, the round was not found to be suitable for any bullpup designs, and consequently, none were adopted, and the ideas were set aside. MAS then began to manufacture under license the H&K G3 and the H&K 33 in the 1960s and studies were reactivated to produce a weapon using the new .223/5.56mm round.

The FAMAS project began in 1967 under the direction of Paul Tellie and the first prototype was completed in 1971, with French military evaluation of the rifle beginning in 1972. When production problems delayed the general issue of the new rifles, and with the 1976 airborne operation in Kolwezi showing the immediate need for a more modern weapon, the French Army began searching for a temporary rifle to fill this need until the FAMAS came into full production. The H&K 33 was considered, and 1200 pieces were tested by Infantry, Marines, Mechanized and Airborne troops, but it was ultimately turned down in favour of the SIG SG 540, built under licence by Manhurin, until enough FAMAS rifles were produced to begin general issue. The French military finally accepted the rifle in 1978 as the standard French combat weapon.

After adoption, the FAMAS F1 replaced the aging MAS 49/56 rifle and MAT-49 submachine gun, and approximately 400,000 FAMAS F1 assault rifles were produced, with production now complete. The F1 was followed by the G1 that included several minor improvements such as redesigned grips and an enlarged trigger guard, but it remained conceptual and was never actually produced. The FAMAS G2 was developed circa 1994 to bring the rifle more in compliance with NATO standards by having tighter rifling and accepting standard NATO magazines, but also included several other upgrades taken from the G1 model, such as the enlarged trigger guard and improved hand guards. The French Navy purchased the FAMAS G2 in 1995, and began distributing it to the Fusiliers Marins and Commandos Marine, but the French Army has held off large scale purchase of the G2 to date, and the FAMAS F1 still remains the Army’s primary service rifle. Small quantities of the FAMAS F1 have also been exported to Senegal and the United Arab Emirates, but for the most part, the rifle has remained almost exclusively in French service.

Design details

1. Rubber buttstock
2. Removable stock
3. Cheek rest. Can be fitted for right or left-handed firers.
4. Mobile assembly and spent case ejecting trap
5. Pins
6. Bipod
7. Handguard
8. Cocking lever
9. Grenade launch sight
10. Grenade support
11. Flash Suppressor
12. Barrel
13. Firing selector: Safety, single shot, automatic
14. Trigger
15. Magazine release
16. STANAG magazine
17. Serial number
18. 3-round burst or full automatic selector

Sling ring

The FAMAS assault rifle is a bullpup configuration like the British SA80 and the Austrian Steyr AUG, with the ammunition feed behind the trigger. The receiver housing is made of a special steel alloy, and the rifle furniture is made of fiberglass. The rifle uses a lever-delayed blowback action, a system employed on the LMG AA52 derived from the prototypes built during Army Technical Department tests having taken place between WW1 and WW2. Fire rate is controlled by a selector just behind the magazine well, with three settings: safe, single shot, and automatic fire. Automatic fire can be in three-shot bursts (rafale) or fully automatic; this is determined by another selector, located under the housing and behind the magazine.

The FAMAS F1 and G1, the original variants, were designed to use French-made 25-round magazines with the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. These magazines were incompatible with standard NATO weaponry, but the FAMAS G2 uses the STANAG Magazine as used by most other NATO rifles, such as the M16 and SA80. The FAMAS G2 weighs 3.8 kg (8.38 lb). The G1 and G2 have a large, grip-length triggerguard like a Steyr AUG to allow easy access to the trigger when wearing gloves.

The F1 and G2 models of the FAMAS feature a bipod attached to the upper handguard.

Service

The FAMAS first saw service in Chad during Operation Manta and again in desert operations in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm and in other various peacekeeping missions. Operational conditions proved the weapon to be reliable and trustworthy under combat conditions. The FAMAS was affectionately known as clairon (“bugle”, because of its shape) amongst French troops in the late 70s-early 80s. An improved version of the FAMAS G2 is integrated in the Félin system.

Senegal and the United Arab Emirates received a small number of FAMAS F1 rifles from France, though it was unknown when they received them. Djibouti uses this weapon in its military as the standard infantry weapon. The Philippines also received a limited number and is used by the Philippine National Police Special Action Force.

Specifications

Weight 3.61 kg (7.96 lb) (FAMAS F1)
3.8 kg (8.38 lb) (FAMAS G2)

Length 757 mm (29.8 in) / 965 mm (38.0 in) with bayonet Barrel length 488 mm (19.2 in)

Cartridge 5.56×45mm NATO Action Lever-delayed blowback

Rate of fire 900-1000 rounds/min (F1)
1000-1100 rounds/min (G2)

Muzzle velocity 960 m/s (3,100 ft/s) (F1)
925 m/s (3,030 ft/s) (G2)

Effective range 300 m (F1)
450 m (G2)

Feed system 25-round box magazine (F1)
30-round box magazine (STANAG system) (G2)

Sights Rear aperture fitted with tritium night inserts, front posted.

http://issuu.com/mdsuite/docs/dsi-mdsuite-flyer

The M1911 is a single-action, semi-automatic pistol (handgun) chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge. It was designed by John M. Brownin

g, and was the standard-issue side arm for the United States armed forces from 1911 to 1985, and is still carried by some U.S. forces. It was widely used in World War I, World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Its formal designation as of 1940 was Automatic

Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911 for the original Model of 1911 or Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911A1 for the M1911A1, adopted in 1924. The designation changed to Pistol, Caliber .45, Automatic, M1911A1 in the Vietnam era. In total, the United States procured around 2.7 million M1911 and M1911A1 pistols during its service life. The M1911 is the most well-k

nown of John Browning’s designs to use the short recoil principle in its basic design. Besides the pistol being widely copied itself, this operating system rose to become the pre-eminent type of the 20th century and of nearly all modern centerfire pistols.

Early history and adoption

The M1911 pistol originated in the late 1890s, as a search for a suitable self-loading (or semi-automatic) handgun, to replace the variety of revolvers then in service. The United States of America was adopting new firearms at a phenomenal rate; several new handguns and two all-new service rifles (the M1892/96/98 Krag and M1895 Navy Lee), as well as a series of revolvers by Colt and Smith & Wesson for the Army and Navy were adopted just in that decade. The next decade would see a similar pace, including the adoption of several more revolvers and an intensive search for a self-loading pistol that would culminate in official adoption of the M1911 after the turn of the decade.

Hiram S. Maxim had designed a self-loading pistol in the 1880s, but was preoccupied with machine guns. Nevertheless, the application of his

principle of using bullet energy to reload led to several self-loading pistols in the 1890s. The designs caught the attention of various militaries, each of which began programs to find a suitable one for their forces. In the U.S., such a program would lead to a formal test at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century.

During the end of 1899 and start of 1900, a test of self-loading pistols was conducted, which included entries from Mauser (the C96 “Broomhandle”), Mannlicher (the Steyr Mannlicher M1894), and Colt (the Colt M1900).

This led to a purchase of 1,000 DWM Luger pistols, chambered in 7.65 mm Luger, a bottlenecked cartridge. These would go on field trials but ran into some issues, especially in regard to stopping power. Other governments had also made similar complaints, which resulted in DWM producing an enlarged version of the round, the 9mm Parabellum (known in current military parlance as the 9×19mm NATO), a necked-up version of the 7.65 mm round. Fifty of these were tested as well by the U.S. Army in 1903.

Service History

Following its success in trials, the Colt pistol was formally adopted by the Army on March 29, 1911, thus gaining its designation, M1911 (Model of 1911). It was adopted by the Navy and Marine Corps in 1913. Originally manufactured only by Colt, demand for the firearm in World War I saw the expansion of manufacture to the government-owned Springfield Armory.

Battlefield experience in the First World War led to some more small external changes, completed in 1924. The new version received a mo

dified type classification, M1911A1. Changes to the original design were minor and consisted of a shorter trigger, cutouts in the frame behind the trigger, a curved mainspring housing, a longer grip safety spur (to prevent hammer bite), a wider front sight, a shorter spur on the hammer, and simplified grip checkering. Those unfamiliar with the design are often unable to tell the difference between the two versions at a glance. No significant internal changes were made, and parts remained interchangeable between the two.

The M1911A1 design is favored by a large number of police SWAT teams throughout the United States. Many military and law enforcement organizations in the United States and many other countries continue to use (often modified) M1911A1 pistols because they favor the greater stopping power of the .45 cartridge and the superior shootability of the weapon.^{[citation needed]} Marine Force Recon, Los Angeles Police Department Special Weapons and Tactics, the FBI Hostage Rescue Team and 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment – Delta (Delta Force) are among them. The Tacoma, WA Police Department made history in 2001 by becoming the first metropolitan police department in nearly 50 years to adopt the M1911 as its official carry weapon. The Tacoma Police Department selected the Kimber Pro Carry II or Pro Carry II HD as optional, department supplied weapons available to its officers.

The M1911A1 is also extremely popular among the general public in the United States for practical and recreational purposes. The pistol is commonly used for concealed carry (thanks in part to a single-stack magazine, which makes for a thinner pistol; thus easier to conceal), personal defense, tar

get shooting, and competition. Numerous aftermarket accessories allow users to customize the pistol to their liking. There are a growing number of manufacturers of M1911-type pistols and the model continues to be quite popular for its reliability, simplicity, and patriotic appeal. Various tactical, target, and compact models are available. Price ranges from a low end of $250 for an imported model to more than $3,000 for the best competition or tactical models from such as those by Ed Brown[1], Wilson Combat, and Les Baer.

Due to an increased demand for M1911 pistols among Army Special Operations units, who are known to field a variety of M1911 pistols, the Army Marksmanship Unit began looking to develop a new generation of M1911s and launched the M1911-A2 project in late 2004. The goal was to produce a minimum of seven variants with various sights, internal and external extractors, flat and arched mainspring housings, integral and add-on magazine wells, a variety of finishes and other options, with the idea of providing the end-user a selection from which to select the features that best fit their missions. The AMU performed a well received demonstration of the first group of pistols to the Marine Corps at Quantico and various Special Operations units at Ft. Bragg and other locations. The project provided a feasibility study with insight into future projects. Models were loaned to various Special Operations units, the results of which are classified. An RFP was issued for a Joint Combat Pistol but it was ultimately canceled. Currently units are experimenting with an M1911 platform in .40 which will incorporate lessons learned from the M1911 A2 project. Ultimately, the M1911 A2 project provided a test bed for improving existing M1911s. An improved M1911 variant becoming available in the future is a possibility.^[6]

The Springfield Custom Professional Model 1911A1 pistol is produced under contract by Springfield Armory for the FBI regional SWAT teams and the Hostage Rescue Team. This pistol is made in batches on a regular basis by the Springfield Custom Shop, and a few examples from most runs are made available for sale to the general public at a selling price of approximately US$2,500 each.

The Rapid Action Battalion (RAB Forces), an anti-terrorist tactical team in Bangladesh uses this gun.

Specifications:

• Cartridge: .45 ACP;
• Other commercial and military derivatives: Other versions offered include .38 Super, 9mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, 10mm Auto, .400 Corbon, .22 LR, .50 GI,.455 Webley, 9×23 mm Winchester, and others. The major ones were 9mm Parabellum (9×19mm), .38 Super, 10mm Auto.
• Barrel: 5 in (127 mm) Government, 4.25 in (108 mm) Commander, and the 3.5 in (89 mm) Officer’s ACP. Some modern “carry” guns have significantly shorter barrels and frames, while others use standard frames and extended slides with 6 in (152 mm) barrels
• Rate of twist: 16 in (406 mm) per turn, or 1:35.5 calibers (.45 ACP)
• Operation: Recoil-operated, closed breech, single action, semi-automatic
• Weight (unloaded): 2 lb 7 oz (1.1 kg) (government model)
• Height: 5.25 in (133 mm)
• Length: 8.25 in (210 mm)
• Capacity: 7+1 rounds (7 in standard-capacity magazine +1 in firing chamber); 8+1 in aftermarket standard-size magazine; 9+1 in extended and hi-cap magazines/frames guns chambered in .38 Super and 9mm have a 9+1 capacity. Some models using double-stacked magazines, such as those from Para Ordnance, Strayer Voigt Inc and STI International Inc have significantly larger capacities. Colt makes their own 8 round magazines which they include with their Series 80 XSE models.
• Safeties: A grip safety, sear disconnect, slide stop, a half cock position, and manual safety (located on the left rear of the frame) are on all standard M1911A1s. Several companies have developed a firing pin block. Colt’s 80 series uses a trigger operated one and several other manufacturers (such as Smith & Wesson) use one operated by the grip safety.
• Grip safety deactivation: A problem for some shooters is that they have trouble deactivating the grip safety when they h old the gun. This primarily affects shooters who have small hands. It can also occur when a shooter places his thumb on top of the thumb safety, which tends to reduce pressure on the grip safety. To rectify this problem, a number of grip safety manufacturers have designed safeties with extended ridges, so that when a shooter grips the gun, his hand will come into contact with the ridges and deactivate the safety (i.e., allowing the gun to fire).

É bem vísivel a todos os mais experientes compradores do N73, que em suas especificações lá no GSMArena.com , ele possui as seguintes características de Hardware:

- 42 MB user memory
- 64 MB SDRAM
- Dual ARM 9 220 MHz CPU

O que seria esse Dual ARM 9?
A memória RAM e ROM já é conhecida por todas, sendo a primeira para execução de programas e a segunda para armazenamento de dados!

Para explicar do processador ARM9 e essa palavra Dual antes, precisamos ver antes de mais nada, qual a estrutura de Hardware que o N73 e mais alguns outros aparelhos da Nokia usa.
Veja abaixo o esquema:

Podemos perceber que ali do lado do ARM926, que seria o nosso processador em questão, há sim um outro processador mas não similar (e que nem ao menos executa a mesma função).
Se trata do TMS320C55X da Texas Instruments.

ARM926

O ARM926EJ-S é um processador de 32-bits com arquitetura RISC (Set de Instruções Reduzidas) – ao contrário de nossos PCs que é CISC – que permite tamanho flexíveis de caches e instruções.

Provê uma instrução separada para a interface AMBA AHB e implementa um conjunto de instruções ARMv5TEJ para melhorar a performance, executando uma instrução 16×32 bits em um único ciclo.
Além disso, inclui um ponto fixo DSP para melhorar a velocidade de processamento de algorítmos de diversos tipos de sinais e aplicações como miniaturas e execução de código Java.

Como nosso foco não está nele, basta você dar uma olhada nesta página: http://www.arm.com/products/CPUs/ARM926EJ-S.html e poderá ver tudo que o processador do seu celular oferece.

TMS320C55x

O TMS320C55x é um CI fabricado pela Texas Instruments, consumindo apenas 0.05mW sendo alimentado com 0.9V.
Este roda a 400 Mhz e tem uma performance 5x superior do que seu antecessor, dissipando apenas 1/6 de sua potencia.

Ele é usado principalmente em aplicações de Áudio, Fotografias e Sistemas de comunicação.
Possui sistema de compressão e descompressão e eliminador de ruídos e eco.

Uma coisa muito interessante, é que ele utiliza como arquitetura, uma modificação da velha Arquitetura Harvard incluindo um barramento e outros 3 para leitura de dados podendo trazer operandos simultaneamente (à leitura), melhorando assim a velocidade de comunicação.

Seja como for, definitivamente o N73 não possui dois processadores ARM9 de 220 mhz como muitos pensam!
Pense no TMS320C55x como uma placa de vídeo Off-Board (péssima comparação, ok!). Este chip da Texas irá cuidar do processamento de toda a parte da comunicação do celular, ou seja, suas ligações e dados trafegados.

Sem ele o processador central (ARM9) teria que cuidar de tudo, e ai teríamos um celular com péssima qualidade sonora além de não ser possível a implementação de novas tecnologias de dados, como o próprio 3G (que possui um chip dedicado para tal) ou o HSPDA.

Todas estas informações são facilmente encontradas nos respectivos Datasheets dos componentes, mas para o pessoal que não conhece (e nem deseja) eletrônica, foi ai um pequeno resumo das possibilidades dos nossos pequenos (a nível de Hardware)

A arquitetura do N95 por exemplo, diferencia um pouco tendo Acelerador 3D integrado – que no N73 feito pelo ARM9 e emulado via software – aliviando o processamento para outras tarefas e melhorando o desempenho geral

Para mais esquemas, acesse o site: http://www.nokia-tuning.net/index.php?s=processor
Ai tu vai achar todos os processadores usados nos Nokia e poder comparar um pouco o porque da diferença brutal de desempenho de modelo para modelo.

É isso!

I was getting frustrated of dashing to the computer everytime to refer to a datasheet. So , I’ve decided to make a collection of all 7400 series data sheets and print it into a book. I have uploaded the first set that i have collected – from 7400 – 74150. I hope it will be of use to someone.

PS : I have trimmed the datasheets and uploaded only the first one or two pages of each  which really contain most of the important stuff.

The Links :

Link to .zip file that contains all the datasheets individually

Link to a single PDF which contains all the datasheets merged together into one file.

Despite searching on every datasheet search engine , i could not find the datasheets for these ICs :

If anyone has any of these datasheets , please do email it to me at iamsuhasm@yahoo.co.in i will definitely update the post.

Datasheet è un motore di ricerca con cui possiamo cercare documenti PDF in rete per poi scaricarli. Il servizio sfrutta Google per il risultato delle ricerche. Quando troviamo un documento che vogliamo vedere, possiamo vederlo direttamente sul nostro browser cliccando il link del file oppure scaricarlo premendo il tasto destro e selezionando Salva oggetto con nome o Salva destinazione con nome. Il servizio è gratuito e non richiede registrazione.

We recently started upgrading all of our employees to Office 2007 (from 2003). We’ve seen a lot of different errors but nothing pandemic. One of the errors is related to the datasheet view. I started doing some research and this blog has everything you need…

Croikey!

The branding for my site involves reverse print (light text on a darker background, as opposed to black on white.) When I went to edit a list in datasheet mode, it used my dark background, but the default black and blue text. See:

Hello, can you read this? Ouch, my eyes!

Talk about a holy terror for your poor little eyeballs!

I couldn’t find the CSS (if it even exists) for any part of the datasheet, but I did eventually find a hack. It involves changing the body’s background to white, and then using other css to override that with your actual background.  ActiveX controls just use the background color, so viola! Your datasheet now has a white background and your eyeballs are only mildly perturbed. See:

Hello, can you read this? Ouch, my eyes!

This post was helpful:
http://www.eggheadcafe.com/software/aspnet/31532908/edit-in-datasheet-css.aspx 

What a good little net citizen to post a question, have no one answer it, and then post the solution you ended up finding!

The only issue I’ve found with this is that you will sometimes get random white areas if you’re viewing a list and then expand a collapsed node. I haven’t played with that much, and I did notice it in IE6, so… maybe it’ll turn out OK.

LM2902,LM324/LM324A,LM224/LM224A – Quad Operational Amplifier

 Features
• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain
• Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB
• Wide Power Supply Range:
   LM224/LM224A, LM324/LM324A : 3V~32V (or ±1.5 ~16V)
   LM2902: 3V~26V (or ±1.5V ~ 13V)
• Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground
• Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V to VCC -1.5V
• Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation

 Description
The LM324/LM324A,LM2902,LM224/LM224A consist of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed
specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide voltage range. operation from split power supplies is also possible so long as the difference between the two supplies is 3 volts to 32 volts. Application areas include transducer amplifier, DC gain blocks and all the conventional OP Amp circuits which now can be easily implemented in single power supply systems.

Maxim Integrated Products 

max232cpe (+5V-Powered, Multichannel RS-232 Drivers/Receivers)

General Description
The MAX220–MAX249 family of line drivers/receivers is
intended for all EIA/TIA-232E and V.28/V.24 communications
interfaces, particularly applications where ±12V is
not available.
These parts are especially useful in battery-powered systems,
since their low-power shutdown mode reduces
power dissipation to less than 5μW. The MAX225,
MAX233, MAX235, and MAX245/MAX246/MAX247 use
no external components and are recommended for applications
where printed circuit board space is critical.
________________________Applications
Portable Computers
Low-Power Modems
Interface Translation
Battery-Powered RS-232 Systems
Multidrop RS-232 Networks