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	<title>diderot &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/diderot/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "diderot"</description>
	<pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 16:00:00 +0000</pubDate>

	<generator>http://en.wordpress.com/tags/</generator>
	<language>en</language>

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<title><![CDATA[D comme... Diderot !]]></title>
<link>http://choisistond.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/d-comme-diderot/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 09:47:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dadastrophe</dc:creator>
<guid>http://choisistond.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/d-comme-diderot/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Plongé dans mes révisions d&#8217;introduction à la science politique, je viens de tomber sur cet ex]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><em>Plongé dans mes révisions d&#8217;introduction à la science politique, je viens de tomber sur cet extrait de Diderot tiré de l&#8217;Encyclopédie, où il parle du rapport du chrétien à l&#8217;autorité politique. Ca m&#8217;a bien plu et j&#8217;ai eu envie de vous le partager ; comme quoi les philosophes des Lumières ne sont pas les hérétiques qu&#8217;on prétend !</em></p>
<p><img class="alignright" title="diderot" src="http://www.bacdefrancais.net/diderot.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="342" />&#8220;La vraie et légitime puissance a donc nécessairement des bornes. Aussi l’Écriture nous dit-elle : « Que votre soumission soit raisonnable », <em>sit rationabile obsequium vestrum</em>. « Toute puissance qui vient de Dieu est une puissance réglée », <em>omnis potestas a Deo ordinata est</em>. Car c’est ainsi qu’il faut entendre ces paroles, conformément à la droite raison et au sens littéral, et non conformément à l’interprétation de la bassesse et de la flatterie, qui prétendent que toute puissance, quelle qu’elle soit, vient de Dieu. Quoi donc, n’y a-t-il point de puissances injustes ? n’y a-t-il pas des autorités qui, loin de venir de Dieu, s’établissent contre ses ordres et contre sa volonté ? les usurpateurs ont-ils Dieu pour eux ? faut-il obéir en tout aux persécuteurs de la vraie religion ? et pour fermer la bouche à l’imbécillité, la puissance de l’Antéchrist sera-t-elle légitime ? Ce sera pourtant une grande puissance. Énoch et Élie qui lui résisteront, seront-ils des rebelles et des séditieux qui auront oublié que toute puissance vient de Dieu, ou des hommes raisonnables, fermes et pieux, qui sauront que toute puissance cesse de l’être dès qu’elle sort des bornes que la raison lui a prescrites, et qu’elle s’écarte des règles que le souverain des princes et des sujets a établies ; des hommes enfin qui penseront; comme saint Paul, que toute puissance n’est de Dieu qu’autant qu’elle est juste et réglée ?&#8221;</p>
<p>Baptiste</p>
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<title><![CDATA[FAFF (6)]]></title>
<link>http://sendaianonymous.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/faff-6/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:01:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>sendaianonymous</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sendaianonymous.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/faff-6/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Today&#8217;s recommendation is La Religieuse! Or, The Nun. Written in the end of 18th century, La R]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Today&#8217;s recommendation is <em><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Religieuse">La Religieuse</a></em>! Or, <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Religieuse_(novel)">The Nun</a></em>.</p>
<p>Written in the end of 18th century, <em>La Religieuse</em> is based on a real story of a French woman who was forced into joining a convent by her parents, and fought for her freedom in 1758. The whole concept of a fake-memoir novel started as a practical joke that was meant to lure Marquis de Croismare (whom the fictional nun asks for assistance) back to Paris.</p>
<p>The heroine, Suzanne Simonin, is an illegitimate child of a French woman who is tricked into joining a convent, so that she would pay for her mother&#8217;s sin (of having an affair, which resulted in an illegitimate child). While at first content, she quickly starts to demand that she be allowed to be released from her vows.</p>
<p>The portrayal of the convent life is part terrifying, part satirical, although a modern reader must be warned that Diderot considered the accusations of homosexuality to be the height of satire. It is nevertheless, an interesting and hilarious(1) read.</p>
<p>My girlfriends and I, we all read it back in high school. There was giggling involved!</p>
<p>Especially recommended if you can giggle at gothic novels!</p>
<p>You can buy it like a normal <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">greedy book collector</span> person or read it <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/28827">here</a>.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>(1)If sometimes not for the right reasons *cackles*.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Vola solo chi osa farlo]]></title>
<link>http://crescereleggendo.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/vola-solo-chi-osa-farlo/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 07:30:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>crescereleggendo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://crescereleggendo.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/vola-solo-chi-osa-farlo/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[“Promettimi che non mangerai l’uovo” stridette aprendo gli occhi. “Prometto che non mi mangerò l’uov]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[“Promettimi che non mangerai l’uovo” stridette aprendo gli occhi. “Prometto che non mi mangerò l’uov]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Mitia Rioux-Beaulne - La communication des passions chez Malebranche et Diderot]]></title>
<link>http://philomtl.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/mitia-rioux-beaulne-la-communication-des-passions-chez-malebranche-et-diderot/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 14:25:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>j.</dc:creator>
<guid>http://philomtl.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/mitia-rioux-beaulne-la-communication-des-passions-chez-malebranche-et-diderot/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[*Le Séminaire interuniversitaire de Montréal en histoire de la philosophie* a le plaisir de vous ann]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>*Le Séminaire interuniversitaire de Montréal en histoire de la philosophie*</p>
<p>a le plaisir de vous annoncer:</p>
<p>Mitia Rioux-Beaulne (université d&#8217;Ottawa)<br />
“La communication des passions chez Malebranche et Diderot”</p>
<p>Mardi, 27 octobre, 19h-20h30<br />
Département de Philosophie, université de Montréal<br />
2910 boul. Édouard-Montpetit</p>
<p>Vous trouverez le texte de sa conférence en fichier joint.</p>
<p>Pour voir le programme du SIMHP pour l&#8217;automne 2009, veuillez cliquer ici:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.jehsmith.com/philosophy/2009/09/miwhp-simhp-programme-200910.html">http://www.jehsmith.com/philosophy/2009/09/miwhp-simhp-programme-200910.html</a></p>
<p>Pour plus d&#8217;informations, veuillez contacter:</p>
<p>Daniel Dumouchel (<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*daniel.dumouchel%40umontreal.ca">daniel.dumouchel@umontreal.ca</a><br />
Carlos Fraenkel (<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*carlos.fraenkel%40mcgill.ca">carlos.fraenkel@mcgill.ca</a>) (en sabbatique 2009-10)<br />
Sara Magrin (magrin.sara@uqam.ca)<br />
Dario Perinettii (<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*perinetti.dario%40uqam.ca">perinetti.dario@uqam.ca</a>) (en sabbatique 2009-10)<br />
Justin Smith (justismi@alcor.concordia.ca)</p>
<p>**</p>
<p>*The Montreal Interuniversity Workshop in the History of Philosophy</p>
<p>presents</p>
<p>Mitia Rioux-Beaulne (University of Ottawa)<br />
&#8220;La communication des passions chez Malebranche et Diderot&#8221;<br />
Tuesday, 27 October, 7-8:30 PM<br />
Department of Philosophy, université de Montréal<br />
2910 Blvd. Édouard-Monpetit</p>
<p>You will find the text of his presentation as an attachment to this message.</p>
<p>To see the Fall, 2009 program for the MIWHP, please click here:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.jehsmith.com/philosophy/2009/09/miwhp-simhp-programme-200910.html">http://www.jehsmith.com/philosophy/2009/09/miwhp-simhp-programme-200910.html</a></p>
<p>For more information, please contact:</p>
<p>Daniel Dumouchel (<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*daniel.dumouchel%40umontreal.ca">daniel.dumouchel@umontreal.ca</a>)&#60;<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*daniel.dumouchel%40umontreal.ca">daniel.dumouchel@umontreal.ca</a>&#62;<br />
Carlos Fraenkel (<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*carlos.fraenkel%40mcgill.ca">carlos.fraenkel@mcgill.ca</a>) (on leave 2009-10)<br />
Sara Magrin (magrin.sara@uqam.ca)<br />
Dario Perinettii (<a href="https://www.fastmail.fm/mail/?MLS=MR-**f292483u64944*;MSS=;SMB-CF=292483;SMR-PT=;SMR-UM=f292483u64944;UDm=485;Ust=95880f93%21a7d341af;MSignal=MC-FN*U-1*perinetti.dario%40uqam.ca">perinetti.dario@uqam.ca</a>) (on leave 2009-10)<br />
Justin Smith (justismi@alcor.concordia.ca)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[altro che francesi raffinati]]></title>
<link>http://jurgshouse.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/altro-che-francesi-raffinati/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2009 19:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jurgshouse</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jurgshouse.wordpress.com/2009/10/25/altro-che-francesi-raffinati/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[quest&#8217;oggi ho visto alla fnac (che è francese), nel reparto letteratura in lingua originale, a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="aligncenter" title="amore 14" src="http://www.ilcinemaniaco.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/amore-14.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="268" /></p>
<p>quest&#8217;oggi ho visto alla fnac (che è francese), nel reparto letteratura in lingua originale, <em>amore 14</em> di federico moccia. intendo, il &#8220;libro&#8221; era tradotto in francese.</p>
<p>ecco, mi sfuggono almeno due cose: primo, ma i francesi non se la tiravano tanto per avere avuto in passato autori come <em>diderot</em>? moccia come rientra nel giro? secondo, che diavolo ci faceva un libro la cui lingua originale è l&#8217;italiano, nella sezione di lingua originale francese?</p>
<p>Jurg</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Quiz: Il 1700]]></title>
<link>http://babilonia61.com/2009/10/25/quiz-il-1700/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2009 15:26:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>babilonia61</dc:creator>
<guid>http://babilonia61.com/2009/10/25/quiz-il-1700/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1. Che cosa fu l’Illuminismo? 2. In che anno George Washington fu eletto primo presidente degli USA?]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[1. Che cosa fu l’Illuminismo? 2. In che anno George Washington fu eletto primo presidente degli USA?]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Dissertation sur Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux]]></title>
<link>http://blog.sos-dissertations.com/2009/10/20/dissertation-sur-pierre-carlet-de-chamblain-de-marivaux/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2009 20:43:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>laureverso</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blog.sos-dissertations.com/2009/10/20/dissertation-sur-pierre-carlet-de-chamblain-de-marivaux/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux est l&#8217;un des dramaturges français les plus reconnus. Ho]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux</strong> est l&#8217;un des dramaturges français les plus reconnus.</p>
<p>Homme du XVIIIème siècle à la fois journaliste, romancier et dramaturge, <strong>Marivaux</strong> est l&#8217;illustration parfait  du théâtre de son temps; où les amours sont nombreuses et libertines. Piochant dans l&#8217;influent théâtre de la <em><a href="http://www.sos-dissertations.com/Commedia-dell-Arte.htm" target="_blank">Commedia dell&#8217;Arte</a></em> tout comme dans la littérature contemporaine, <strong>Marivaux</strong> dresse une vision acerbe de la société où les moeurs se relâchent et le mensonge omniprésent.</p>
<p>Bien que Voltaire ait apprécié son travail, <strong>Marivaux</strong> s&#8217;est toujours tendu à l&#8217;écart des Lumières. Il vous sera d&#8217;ailleurs important de signaler que son œuvre ne fit pas l&#8217;unanimité. Le terme marivaudage fût ainsi crée au XVIIIème pour distinguer de façon péjorative la séduction galante très typique de l&#8217;époque Régence et <a href="http://www.academon.fr/Louis-XV" target="_blank">Louis XV</a>. La redécouverte de <strong>Marivaux</strong> n&#8217;a lieu qu&#8217;au XIX via les succès du dramaturge Alfred de Musset.</p>
<p>Parmi ses oeuvres théâtrales les plus fameuses figurent <strong><em><span style="font-weight:normal;">Les Jeux de l&#8217;Amour et du Hasard</span></em><em> </em></strong>ou encore <em>les Fausses Confidences. </em>Il s&#8217;agit de deux courtes pièces présentant nombres de caractéristiques communes. Le jeu des masques, le mensonge sont omniprésents et se mêlent aux <a href="http://blog.sos-dissertations.com/2009/10/08/les-liaisons-dangereuses-de-pierre-choderlos-de-laclos/" target="_blank">jeux galants</a>. En ce sens, l&#8217;oeuvre de <strong>Marivaux</strong> n&#8217;est pas sans faire écho à la peinture de Boucher ou Watteau. Un critique de la société vient sous-tendre la pièce : l&#8217;amour triomphe de la classe sociale et la femme commence à s&#8217;émanciper de la société patriarcale dans laquelle elle se trouvait.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Da Diderot a wikipedia, un salto epistemologico]]></title>
<link>http://nuovafrontiera2025.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/da-diderot-a-wikipedia-un-salto-epistemologico/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 10:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jonathan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nuovafrontiera2025.wordpress.com/2009/10/14/da-diderot-a-wikipedia-un-salto-epistemologico/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Una iniziativa dell&#8217;Università di Padova. 16 Ottobre 1747 Diderot e D&#8217;Alambert inizano u]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img style="max-width:800px;float:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:10px;" src="http://www.educazione.unipd.it/dadiderotawikipedia/images/resized/images/stories/random/wikienci_250_550.png" />Una iniziativa dell&#8217;Università di Padova.</p>
<p>16 Ottobre 1747 Diderot e D&#8217;Alambert inizano ufficialmente a lavorare sul progetto dell&#8217;enciclopedia.</p>
<p>16 Ottobre 2009 il dipartimento di scienze dell&#8217;educazione e il dipartimento di filosofia di Padova organizzano il convegno internazionale intitolato:<br />&#8220;From Diderot to wikipedia, an epistemological revolution&#8221;.<br /><a href="http://www.educazione.unipd.it/dadiderotawikipedia/">Per info clicca qui.</a></p>
<p>Negli anni in cui la memoria storica sembra sfumare dopo alcuni giorni. Dove già dopo una settimana un fatto sembra passato da mesi, invecchiato dall&#8217;enorme flusso di informazione, emerge la vicenda di una impresa titanica, la realizzazione della raccolta di tutto il sapere umano.<br />E allora sarebbe opportuno spendere anche due parole su chi l&#8217;ha conservato per secoli. Si dovrebbe accennare anche a quelle mani che hanno ricopiato, per tramandare nel tempo, testi antichi. Che futuro per il nostro sapere? Quale futuro per i nostri testi?</p>
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<title><![CDATA["Top 25 Anthrosource Articles of 2009]]></title>
<link>http://erkansaka.net/2009/10/12/top-25-anthrosource-articles-of-2009/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2009 11:23:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>erkan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://erkansaka.net/2009/10/12/top-25-anthrosource-articles-of-2009/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Top 25 Anthrosource Articles of 2009: Preview to Two Months of Free Anthrosource Access AAA and Wile]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h2><a href="http://blog.aaanet.org/2009/10/05/top-25-anthrosource-articles-of-2009-preview-to-two-months-of-free-anthrosource-access/" target="_blank">Top 25 Anthrosource Articles of 2009: Preview to Two Months of Free Anthrosource Access</a></h2>
<p>AAA and Wiley-Blackwell are pleased to announce that we will be offering two months of <a href="http://www.aaanet.org/issues/press/AAA-and-WB-to-Offer-Free-Anthrosource-Access-in-November-and-December.cfm" target="_blank">FREE ACCESS to 10+ years of Anthrosource content</a>, during November and December 2009.<img title="anthrosource_logo_1" src="http://aaanet.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/anthrosource_logo_1.jpg?w=168&#038;h=36#38;h=36" alt="anthrosource_logo_1" width="168" height="36" /></p>
<p>As a preview to this exciting offer we invite you to view the <a href="http://www.aaanet.org/publications/Top-Anthrosource-Articles.cfm" target="_blank">Top 25 Anthrosource Articles of 2009</a>.<!--more--></p>
<h2><a href="http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2009/feminization-of-anthropology" target="_blank">The increasing feminization of anthropology</a></h2>
<div>by Lorenz</div>
<p>Have you been in an anthropology class / course with more men then women? I haven’t. In both Norway, Germany and Switzerland (pluss many other places incl South Africa, I heard), the gender balance between men and women is around 25-75. <a href="http://decasia.org/" target="_blank">Eli Thorkelson</a>, graduate student in cultural anthropology in Chicago, gives us some <a href="http://decasia.org/academic_culture/2009/09/gender-imbalance-in-anthropology/" target="_blank">statistics from American universities</a> that present a similar picture. But as he shows, it hasn’t always been like this. And according to him, we witness both an increasing feminization of anthropology and an ongoing masculine bias.</p>
<div><img alt="" width="1" height="1" /></div>
<div><a href="http://news.google.com/news/url?fd=R&#38;sa=T&#38;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newjerseynewsroom.com%2Fscience-updates%2Fanthropologists-add-more-than-a-million-years-to-history-of-human-evolution&#38;usg=AFQjCNG-RrvY0bYBE8UqPqAoerxjbfqdeA" target="_blank"><strong><strong>Anthropologists</strong> add more than a million years to history of human evolution</strong></a><br />
<strong><span style="color:#6f6f6f;">newjerseynewsroom.com</span></strong><br />
WASHINGTON — <strong>Anthropologists</strong> from around the world have added another million or so years to the history of human evolution. <strong>&#8230;</strong><br />
<a href="http://news.google.com/news/url?fd=R&#38;sa=T&#38;url=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceblogs.com%2Flaelaps%2F2009%2F10%2Fdarwin_ardi_and_african_apes.php&#38;usg=AFQjCNGX3xVG_5_AVNlIy5A-d_es1FcCBw" target="_blank">Darwin, &#8220;Ardi&#8221;, and the African Apes</a><span style="color:#6f6f6f;">ScienceBlogs (blog)</p>
<p></span></p>
<h2><a href="http://blogs.nyu.edu/projects/materialworld/2009/10/coming_of_age_in_digital_anthr.html" target="_blank">Coming of Age in Digital Anthropology</a></h2>
<p>Daniel Miller, UCL</p>
<p>I wonder if this can be considered a coming of age year for Digital Anthropology. Of course there is a blowing of our own trumpet here with the launch of our new MA degree programme in the topic at the Dept. of Anthropology UCL, but the current publications coming out certainly seem to justify the initiative. There is the radical energy of Two Bits by Chris Kelty, with a very engaging narrative and clear agenda for the wider importance of open source thinking and practice, as a vanguard with potential for much wider application. There is Tom Boellstorf’s Coming of Age in Second Life which convincingly demonstrates that it is possible to undertake a classic ethnography within a virtual world. Then there was also a wonderful conveying of participant observation in Julian Dibbell’s highly readable Play Money from 2006. The trends are also seen in postings here, such as the recent one by Barbara Kirschenblatt Gimblett showing the degree to which digital practices are becoming central to Museum practice.</p>
<h2><a href="http://anthropos-lab.net/documents/concept_labor/fs/modernity/" target="_blank">Modernity</a></h2>
<div>from <a href="http://www.google.com/reader/view/feed/http%3A%2F%2Fanthropos-lab.net%2Ffeed%2Fatom%2F" target="_blank">ARC</a></div>
<p>Field Statement. Concept Labor. 2009. Anthony Stavrianakis. Modernity</p>
<p>Keep on reading: <a href="http://anthropos-lab.net/documents/concept_labor/fs/modernity/" target="_blank">Modernity</a></p>
<h2><a href="http://anthropos-lab.net/documents/concept_labor/fs/what-is-an-anthropology-of-the-contemporary/" target="_blank">What is an Anthropology of the Contemporary?</a></h2>
<div>from <a href="http://www.google.com/reader/view/feed/http%3A%2F%2Fanthropos-lab.net%2Ffeed%2Fatom%2F" target="_blank">ARC</a></div>
<p>Field Statement. Concept Labor. 2009. Anthony Stavrianakis. What is an Anthropology of the Contemporary?</p>
<p>Keep on reading: <a href="http://anthropos-lab.net/documents/concept_labor/fs/what-is-an-anthropology-of-the-contemporary/" target="_blank">What is an Anthropology of the Contemporary?</a></p>
</div>
<h2><a href="http://openanthropology.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/mcfate-does-good-anthropology-contribute-to-better-killing/" target="_blank">McFate: “Does good anthropology contribute to better killing?”</a></h2>
<div>by Maximilian Forte</div>
<h2 style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Anthropology, Human Terrain’s Prehistory, and the Role of Culture in Wars Waged by Robots: From “Gentle Pursuasion” to “Better Killing”</strong></span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"> <strong>David Price</strong></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"> <strong><em>CounterPunch</em>, vol. 16, no. 17, Oct. 1-15, 2009, pages 1, 4-6.</strong></span></h3>
<h2><a href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/townsend/papershumanities/1" target="_blank">Nietzsche&#8217;s Negative Ecologies</a></h2>
<div>by Malcolm Bull</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Malcolm Bull offers a detailed analysis of nihilism in Nietzsche&#8217;s works. Along with accompanying commentaries by Cascardi and Clark, he explores the significance of Nietzscheís views given the fact that a wide range of readers have come to embrace his ideas as new orthodoxy. There seem to be no anti-Nietzscheans today, but Bull demonstrates that this wide embrace of Nietzsche runs counter to the very meaning of nihilism as Nietzsche understood it.</p>
<h2><a href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucla_french/pg/vol16/iss1/art4" target="_blank">Bodies of Enlightenment in Diderot&#8217;s Encyclopédie</a></h2>
<p>by Dianah Leigh Jackson</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h2><a href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucla_french/pg/vol8/iss1/art6" target="_blank">The Past and Future of Generative Anthropology: Reflections on the Departmental Colloquium</a></h2>
<p>by Eric Gans</p>
<h2><a href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucla_french/pg/vol8/iss1/art7" target="_blank">Deconstruction and the Resistance to Anthropology</a></h2>
<p>by Andrew J. McKenna</p>
<h2><a href="http://culturematters.wordpress.com/2009/10/12/human-terrain-team-member-blog-by-ben-wintersteen/" target="_blank">Human Terrain Team member blog by Ben Wintersteen</a></h2>
<div>by llwynn</div>
<p>Readers familiar with the ongoing discussions on the utilisation of anthropological knowledge and the employment of anthropologists within the Human Terrain System will be familiar with the views of the small band of its most vocal supporters: namely Montgomery McFate, Andrea Jackson and Steve Fondacaro. While these vocal supporters and a number of other program personnel (including, among others, Zenia (Helbig) Tompkins, Marcus Griffin, Brit Damon, and Major Robert Holbert) have expressed their opinions and experiences with the program publicly, the overwhelming tone of analyses of such opinions and  experiences has focused not on their stated experiences but on what their stated experiences belie about the program. Concerns expressed with the HTS largely revolve around the potential of the program to produce effects which are in conflict with anthropological values and ethics.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[grattoir]]></title>
<link>http://jeffpeachey.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/frottoir/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2009 20:17:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jeff Peachey</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jeffpeachey.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/frottoir/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Fig. 1: Two grattoirs from Dudin, Plate 10. In 18th century French bookbinding, according to both Di]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1838" title="dudin scraper" src="http://jeffpeachey.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/dudin-scraper.jpg" alt="dudin scraper" width="213" height="67" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Fig. 1: Two grattoirs from Dudin, Plate 10.</em></p>
<p>In 18th century French bookbinding, according to both Diderot and Dudin, these <em>grattoirs</em> (usually translated as scrapers) were used to aid in backing and smooth the spine linings. There were also <em>frottoirs</em> (versions with <em>dents</em>- pointed teeth) [*check comments for some discussion of these terms*] to scratch up the spine to get better adhesion, since book structures of this time period often had transverse vellum spine linings.  I made a wood copy of the tool above on the left, but the light weight and friction from the wood made it awkward and ineffective; the friction would tend to tear the spinefolds and dislodge spine linings. There is a contemporary version, available commercially, which is even more useless due to the extreme round on the ends.  I&#8217;m a little uncertain about these terms&#8211; so far the only reference I&#8217;ve found in English is in Diehl, where she refers to a wood <em>frottoir </em>( burnisher?), that looks a lot like the one still available.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1836" title="frottoir" src="http://jeffpeachey.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/frottoir.jpg" alt="frottoir" width="499" height="297" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Fig. 2: Two 19th century  frottoir/grattoirs, courtesy Ernst Rietzschel.</em></p>
<p>This summer,  I had a chance to test drive the combination <em>frottoir/ grattoir</em> tools pictured above. Ernst Rietzschel, from Holland, borrowed them from his bookbinding teacher in Belgium,  so it is likely they come from the French binding tradition.  Their weight, as well as the very slight curve,  made it easy to concentrate pressure on just a signature of two for accurate manipulation of the spine. As an unexpected benefit, it was wildly cathartic to punch and  scratch the spinefolds with the teeth, of course, only in the interests of historical research!</p>
<p>I used the smooth, slightly rounded ends of the original tool to back the book and to align the cords as well as to burnish the spine linings. Even with the damaged edges and paint, I was surprised how easy it was to gently control the backing process and tweak the cords into alignment.   I had much more control compared to using a hammer, and it was quicker (and potentially less damaging) than loading the spine with so much moisture that I could manipulate it with my fingers or a folder.</p>
<p>Originally, I was planning to reproduce the original, but I didn&#8217;t want to make it out of iron because it is prone to rust.  I wanted two smooth ends since I only scrape spines on specific historical models.  I considered stainless steel, but didn&#8217;t have any on hand, and it is very gummy and difficult to work by stock reduction.  Bronze was a good candidate, but brass is slightly harder.</p>
<p>So I made a modern interpretation out of  free machining, type 360 brass with a lignum vitae handles.  The quarter inch thick brass and heavy wood handles give it a weight similar to the original, although the aesthetics are quite different. My version is 1.5 inches wide, 8 inches long and weighs 9.4 oz. ( 4 cm wide, 20 long, and 266 grams) In practice it works just as well, in not better, than the original.  It can be grasped with a fist for extra pressure, or delicately held like a pencil for detailed manipulation.</p>
<p>I wonder why a tool this useful would become virtually extinct?</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1873" title="frottoir2" src="http://jeffpeachey.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/frottoir21.jpg" alt="frottoir2" width="599" height="208" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Fig. 3: A contemporary grattoir I designed and made.</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[EFEMÉRIDES]]></title>
<link>http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/2009/10/05/nacimientos/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 05:55:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>isavicent</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/2009/10/05/nacimientos/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Denis Diderot (Langres, Francia, 5 de octubre de 1713 – París, 31 de julio de 1784) escritor y filós]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-184" title="Denis_Diderot" src="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/denis_diderot.jpg?w=121" alt="Denis_Diderot" width="121" height="150" />Denis Diderot</strong> (<a title="Langres" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Langres">Langres</a>, Francia, <a title="5 de octubre" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/5_de_octubre">5 de octubre</a> de <a title="1713" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/1713">1713</a> – <a title="París" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Par%C3%ADs">París</a>, <a title="31 de julio" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/31_de_julio">31 de julio</a> de <a title="1784" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/1784">1784</a>) <a title="Escritor" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Escritor">escritor</a> y filósofo <a title="Francia" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Francia">francés</a>, importante figura de la <a title="Ilustración" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Ilustraci%C3%B3n">Ilustración</a>, editor de la primera <a title="Enciclopedia" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Enciclopedia">enciclopedia</a>, fue un intelectual polivalente.</p>
<p>Debe su fama a haber dirigido de <a title="1751" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/1751">1751</a> a <a title="1772" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/1772">1772</a> la redacción de la primera enciclopedia universal editada en <a title="Francia" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Francia">Francia</a> (la segunda del mundo occidental, pues el inglés <a title="Ephraim Chambers" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Ephraim_Chambers">Ephraim Chambers</a> hizo lo mismo en <a title="1729" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/1729">1729</a>), bajo el nombre de <em>La enciclopedia, o diccionario razonado de las ciencias, artes y oficios</em> (<em><a title="L'Encyclopédie" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/L%27Encyclop%C3%A9die">L&#8217;Encyclopédie</a>, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers</em>, 28 volúmenes, 71.818 artículos, 2.885 ilustraciones). En ella participaron <a title="Voltaire" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, D&#8217;Alembert, <a title="Montesquieu" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>, <a title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau" href="http://ampabenageber.wordpress.com/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> y Jaucourt, entre otros.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Catalina la Grande, de Henry Troyat (1977)]]></title>
<link>http://fichabibliografica.wordpress.com/2009/10/04/catalina-la-grande-de-henry-troyat-1977/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 04 Oct 2009 17:50:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Marisol Zimbrón</dc:creator>
<guid>http://fichabibliografica.wordpress.com/2009/10/04/catalina-la-grande-de-henry-troyat-1977/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Diseño de portada: Estudio Ediciones B Aquellos que ya hayan leído un poco de mi en “acerca de los a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_15" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 230px"><a href="http://www.gandhi.com.mx/index.cfm/id/Producto/dept/libros/pid/314946"><img class="size-full wp-image-15 " title="Catalina la Grande, Henry Troyat" src="http://fichabibliografica.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/catalina-troyat.jpg" alt="Diseño de portada: Estudio Ediciones B" width="220" height="347" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Diseño de portada: Estudio Ediciones B</p></div>
<p>Aquellos que ya hayan leído un poco de mi en “<a href="http://fichabibliografica.wordpress.com/about/" target="_blank">acerca de los autores</a>” entenderán por qué, en especial, es de este libro la primera reseña que ofrezco.</p>
<p>Aunque las categorías oficiales en las que dicho texto se inscribe son ensayo y biografía, la verdad es que la manera amena y ligera en la que el autor va presentando la bien documentada información –basada en diarios, cartas y otros documentos de la época- convierten esta obra biográfica en una novela histórica basada en datos reales, sin  fantasías del autor –como pasa en otras novelas históricas- pero en un relato envolvente en el que se va entretejiendo la vida y obra de <a href="http://web.ukonline.co.uk/Members/nigel.battysmith/Database/D0001/I6621.html" target="_blank">Sofía Augusta Federica De Anhalt-Zerbst y Holstein-Gottorp</a> (mejor conocida como <a href="http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/catalina_ii.htm" target="_blank">Catalina II de Rusia, “la Grande”</a>)  desde su nacimiento en 1729, hasta su muerte en 1796, a la vez que describe le contexto histórico, político, social y cultural de la <a href="http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&#38;task=view&#38;id=2582&#38;Itemid=267" target="_self">época en Rusia</a> y gran parte de <a href="http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0314-01/asp_eco.htm" target="_blank">Europa</a>.</p>
<p>Un libro lleno de datos, fechas, nombres… Pero también emoción, intriga, misterio, drama, romance… En donde la protagonista es una mujer alemana quien rompe con muchos de los cánones de la época, de los estigmas y tabúes que limitaban a la mujer, y se erige como emperatriz de Rusia, convirtiéndose en una de las figuras más poderosas de Europa y el mundo en  la época de la <a href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/lailustr/lailustr.shtml" target="_blank">Ilustración</a>. Una mujer valiente Siendo amiga de <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" target="_blank">Voltaire</a> y <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Diderot" target="_blank">Diderot</a>, fomentando el arte y el desarrollo socio-político-cultural de Rusia, pero gobernando de forma a<a href="http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0314-01/despotis.htm" target="_blank">utocrática -como parte del llamado despotismo ilustrado-</a>, representando todo el poder y plasmando así una de las tantas contradicciones en la personalidad de esta mujer, figura pública e histórica por demás interesante, admirable y controvertida.</p>
<p>Es un libro que puede ser leído desde la adolescencia.</p>
<p>Existen muchas editoriales que han publicado la obra, y es relativamente fácil encontrarla en librerías grandes, pequeñas, de viejo, de nuevo, por Internet, etc.</p>
<p><strong><em>Título original: Catherine la Grande</em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>Título en español: Catalina la Grande</em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>Autor: Henry Troyat (seudónimo para Levón Aslani Thorosián &#8211; Lev Aslánovich Tarasov [en ruso]-)</em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>1ª edición: 1977</em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>ISBN: 978-84-666-3303-3</em></strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[La enciclopedia francesa]]></title>
<link>http://1yeespin.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/la-enciclopedia-francesa/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2009 12:38:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Yera Espinosa</dc:creator>
<guid>http://1yeespin.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/la-enciclopedia-francesa/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Cuando hablamos de la enciclopedia francesa nos referimos a la que fue la primera enciclopedia franc]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-300" title="Avatar enciclopedia francesa" src="http://1yeespin.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/avatar-enciclopedia-francesa.jpg" alt="Avatar enciclopedia francesa" width="110" height="110" />Cuando hablamos de la enciclopedia francesa nos referimos a la que fue la primera enciclopedia francesa, escrita entre los años 1751 y 1772 por Jean d’Alembert (matemático y filósofo francés) y Denid Diderot (escritor y filósofo francés). Tuvo mucha importancia en el siglo XVIII, convirtiéndose así, gracias al esfuerzo que se hizo para completarlo, en todo un símbolo de la Ilustración y en la publicación más importante de dicho siglo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La enciclopedia quería recopilar toda la sabiduría del siglo y se mencionaban cosas como el carácter reformista, monárquico, antiabsolutista y anticlerical. Pero no eran solo palabras lo que podía encontrarse, si no que incluso se incluyeron cosas como el arte, máquinas hechas por el hombre o inventos y técnicas.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><!--more--></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La enciclopedia francesa es un conjunto de varios volúmenes: los siete primeros funcionan como un diccionario normal y cuentan con la colaboración de estudiosos de ciencias y letras de la época (Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Condillac…). Los demás volúmenes contienen grabados, dibujos etc. de cosas que se consideraban útiles (seguramente para promover actividades económicas).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Aunque se conoce como La enciclopedia francesa, el título original es <em>Encycolédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences</em>, <em>des arts et des métier</em>s (Diccionario razonado de las ciencias, las artes y los oficios).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Fuentes de información</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>L&#8217;Encyclopédie. En <em>Wikipedia, La Enciclopedia Libre</em>. Fecha de consulta: 03 de octubre del 2009, 11:30, en: <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'Encyclop%C3%A9die">http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L&#8217;Encyclopédie</a></li>
<li>La Ilustración en Francia. En <em>Elergonomista.com</em>. Fecha de consulta: 03 de octubre del 2009, 11:40, en: <a href="http://www.elergonomista.com/historia/ilustracionfrancia.htm">http://www.elergonomista.com/historia/ilustracionfrancia.htm</a></li>
<li>La Enciclopedia. En <em>Planeta Sedna</em>. Fecha de consulta: 03 de octubre del 2009, 11:57, en: <a href="http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/ilustracion2.htm">http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/ilustracion2.htm</a></li>
</ul>
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<title><![CDATA[Encyclopédie française]]></title>
<link>http://1juilla.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/encyclopedie-francaise/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 18:35:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>1juilla</dc:creator>
<guid>http://1juilla.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/encyclopedie-francaise/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Aunque pensemos que la enciclopedia nació en la era de la ilustración, no debemos olvidar que ya otr]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Aunque pensemos que la enciclopedia nació en la <a title="Ilustración" href="http://www.isftic.mepsyd.es/w3/eos/MaterialesEducativos/bachillerato/historia/revfran/ilustracion.htm" target="_blank">era de la ilustración</a>, no debemos olvidar que ya otros autores como <a title="San Isidoro" href="http://www.corazones.org/santos/isidoro_sevilla.htm" target="_blank">San Isidoro</a> o <a title="Plinio el Viejo" href="http://www.oya-es.net/reportajes/plinio.htm" target="_blank">Plinio el Viejo</a> hicieron recopilaciones que en mucho se asemejan a la idea de lo que es una <a title="Enciclopedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" target="_blank">enciclopedia</a>. La diferencia es que, mientras estas obras antiguas buscaban guardar el conocimiento para aquellos que vivieran cuando ellos ya no caminaran sobre la tierra, la enciclopedia francesa buscaba divulgar el conocimiento en ella depositado. No debemos olvidar, que uno de los principales objetivos del pensador ilustrado era exactamente ese: liberar la sapiencia del yugo al que la sometían las aristocracias social y eclesiástica (las capas bajas del clero tampoco brillaban por sus dotes, como nos muestra <a title="Stendhal" href="http://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=2332" target="_blank">Stendhal</a> en<em> <a title="Resumen Rojo y Negro" href="http://www.taringa.net/posts/apuntes-y-monografias/2857316/Rojo-y-negro-de-Stendhal_-Resumen_.html" target="_blank">Rojo y </a></em><a title="Resumen Rojo y Negro" href="http://www.taringa.net/posts/apuntes-y-monografias/2857316/Rojo-y-negro-de-Stendhal_-Resumen_.html" target="_blank">Negro</a>).</p>
<p>Esta <a title="Encyclopédie" href="http://diderot.alembert.free.fr/" target="_blank">enciclopedia</a> fue una obra del editor Le Breton. En un principio, la idea fue traducir la <em><a title="Cyclopaedia" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=header&#38;id=HistSciTech.Cyclopaedia01" target="_blank">Cyclopaedia</a></em>  inglesa de <a title="Ephraim Chambers" href="http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/ephraim-chambers/" target="_blank">Chambers</a>. Después de que otros eruditos fueran requeridos, la tarea finalmente acabó recayendo sobre <a title="Diderot" href="http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0257-01/ddiderot.html" target="_blank">Diderot</a>. Este, al traducirla, fue paulatinamente modificándola, hasta que la nueva obra cogiera autonomía propia y se anunciara una enciclopediua que buscaba la recopilación de las principales aportaciones humanas al conocimiento y el arte.</p>
<p><strong>Referencias</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><em>La enciclopedia, diccionario razonado de las ciencias, las artes y los oficios</em>. La Ilustración. Fecha de consulta: 24 de septiembre de 2009 (20:13) <a href="http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0257-01/enciclo.html">http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0257-01/enciclo.html</a></li>
<li><em>Encyclopédie française o enciclopedia francesa (1751 &#8211; 1776). </em>Enciclonet. Fecha de consulta: 24 de septiembre de 2009 (20:22) <a href="http://www.enciclonet.com/documento/encyclop%E9die+fran%E7aise/">http://www.enciclonet.com/documento/encyclop%E9die+fran%E7aise/</a></li>
</ul>
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<title><![CDATA[Coups de gueule]]></title>
<link>http://hubertcamus.wordpress.com/2009/09/19/coups-de-gueule/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 2009 09:53:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Hubert Camus</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hubertcamus.wordpress.com/2009/09/19/coups-de-gueule/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Pour un petit retour, pas encore définitif, voilà deux &#8220;coups de gueule&#8221; : . Après trois]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">Pour un petit retour, pas encore définitif, voilà deux &#8220;coups de gueule&#8221; :</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#ffffff;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Après trois siècles, il y a encore à faire&#8230;</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Lorsque j&#8217;ai voulu publier <a href="http://sisyphe.org/spip.php?article3277" target="_blank"><em>Invasion du sexisme</em></a><em>&#8230;</em> sur <a href="http://sisyphe.org/" target="_blank">Sisyphe</a>, les éditrices m&#8217;ont demandé de revoir mon article, parce que j&#8217;y parlais régulièrement de morale : je disais combien le paternalisme et le sexisme étaient immoraux. Elles m&#8217;ont conseillé, sans doute à juste titre, de modifier cela : je risquais d&#8217;être attaqué par des institutions telles l&#8217;Eglise, etc. Mais pourtant, dès Diderot déjà (le 18ème siècle, c&#8217;était déjà il y a trois siècles), on se battait pour une morale athée. Je ne blâme sans doute pas Sisyphe, mais plutôt tous ceux qui associent nécessairement morale et religion. Car enfin, ne puis-je donner un sou à un mendiant sans être religieux ? Ne puis-je cherche à aider mes semblables, protéger celui qu&#8217;on appelle mon &#8220;prochain&#8221; chez les catholiques, sans être catholique moi-même ? A méditer&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#ffffff;">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Une écologie aléatoire</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Je ne suis pas contre l&#8217;écologie, au contraire. Même si cela ne change pas grand-chose, j&#8217;essaie d&#8217;avoir des gestes écologistes, comme éteindre la lumière en quittant une pièce, couper l&#8217;eau en me lavant les mains, économiser le papier&#8230; Mais le papier, justement. En recevant aujourd&#8217;hui une facture, j&#8217;ai vu sur l&#8217;enveloppe qu&#8217;on nous conseillait de plutôt recevoir nos mauvaises nouvelles par Internet. Mais, si cela est bon pour le papier et donc les arbres, il y a une chose à laquelle on ne pense pas : l&#8217;ordinateur, a fortiori Internet, n&#8217;est pas très écologique. Saviez-vous qu&#8217;un an de recherches sur google par un français consommait autant d&#8217;énergie qu&#8217;un homme dans un autre pays (je ne me souviens plus du quel, malheureusement) pendant un an aussi, mais pour sa consommation totale ?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Encyclopedias]]></title>
<link>http://xianblog.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/encyclopedias/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2009 22:24:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>xi'an</dc:creator>
<guid>http://xianblog.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/encyclopedias/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Having been asked to fill an entry on Monte Carlo for the incoming International Handbook of Statist]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/ENC_1-NA5_600px.jpeg/180px-ENC_1-NA5_600px.jpeg"><img class="alignleft" style="margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px;" title="Cover of lEncyclopédie (c.) Wikipedia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/ENC_1-NA5_600px.jpeg/180px-ENC_1-NA5_600px.jpeg" alt="" width="180" height="269" /></a>H</strong>aving been asked to fill an entry on Monte Carlo for the incoming International Handbook of Statistical Sciences, I obliged by writing a short <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0909.0389">piece</a>, whose utility is rather limited. Indeed, I am afraid I am not very much convinced of the use of such encyclopedias, as they try to provide entries on about &#8220;everything&#8221; but end up being partial, quickly obsolete, and not so informative&#8230; This may sound overly negative, but I never ever use this kind of books for my research or my teaching, so I wonder who does. Encyclopedias (encyclopedii?) were fine when the &#8220;whole&#8221; of Science could be crammed in three dozen <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/">volumes</a> with a slow enough updating process. Current students most likely check on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics">Wikipedia</a> or at large on the Web and, given the <a href="http://www.springer.com/statistics/book/978-0-387-31742-7">price</a> of those behemoths, it seems only libraries can afford them, and then this may be wasted money anyway! My misgivings actually extend to contributed volumes that are (were?) fairly common, mostly in connection with one conference or another, and whose utility is rarely demonstrated. It takes highly dedicated editors to turn contributed volumes into useful coherent books, one example being the 1996 <strong><em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0412055511?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=chrprobboo-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=390957&#38;creativeASIN=0412055511">MCMC in Practice</a></em></strong> book deeply edited by Wally Gilks, Sylvia Richardson and David Spiegelhalter, that still serves as a reference for MCMC methods. Even the traditional <strong><em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0199214654?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=chrprobboo-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=390957&#38;creativeASIN=0199214654">Valencia</a></em></strong> volumes, while giving a snapshot of the on-going research in Bayesian statistics, along with a collection of discussions, have lost some of their luster, when compared with the impact of a discussion paper in Bayesian Analysis&#8230; Having conference papers submitted to Bayesian Analysis and selected on the same basis as regular papers, as was done for <strong><em><a href="http://www.uv.es/valenciameeting">Valencia 8</a></em></strong>, seems to me a much better idea than publishing separately a rather <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0199214654?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=chrprobboo-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=390957&#38;creativeASIN=0199214654">costly</a> volume, not read by enough people. (The dates and locations of <strong><em><a href="http://www.uv.es/valenciameeting">Valencia 9</a></em></strong>, the last of the kind, have been announced. It will be in Benidorm, on June 3-8, 2010.)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Allusions and Literary Symbols: Aeolean Harp]]></title>
<link>http://orangemanor.wordpress.com/2009/08/31/allusions-and-literary-symbols-aeolean-harp/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 18:16:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>flaviusdrago</dc:creator>
<guid>http://orangemanor.wordpress.com/2009/08/31/allusions-and-literary-symbols-aeolean-harp/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Aeolian Harp The aeolian harp (or lyre) or wind harp was invented by the German Jesuit Athanasius Ki]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h5>Aeolian Harp</h5>
<p>The aeolian harp (or lyre) or wind harp was invented by the German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher and described by him in 1650. It is a long, narrow wooden box with a thin belly and with eight to twelve strings stretched over two bridges and tuned in unison; it is to be placed in a window (or a grotto) where the wind will draw out a harmonious sound. (Aeolus is the Greek king in charge of the winds; he first appears in Homer’s Odyssey 10.) In the next century James Oswald, a Scots composer and cellist, made one, and it soon became well known. It just as soon became an irresistible poetic symbol, first in English, then in French and German. James Thomson described the harp in The Castle of Indolence: ‘‘A certain Musick, never known before, / Here sooth’d the pensive melancholy Mind; / Full easily obtain’d. Behoves no more, / But sidelong, to the gently-waving Wind, / To lay the well-tun’d Instrument reclin’d; / From which, with airy flying Fingers light, / Beyond each mortal Touch the most refin’d, / The God of Winds drew Sounds of deep Delight: / Whence, with just Cause, The Harp of Aeolus it hight’’ (1.352&#8211;60).</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" title="Aeolian Harp" src="http://www.earthangel4peace.com/images/Golden_Harp.jpg" alt="" width="267" height="314" /></p>
<p>Thomson also wrote an ‘‘Ode on Aeolus’s Harp.’’ It was already so well known by the 1750s that the opening line of Gray’s ‘‘Progress of Poetry’’ &#8212; ‘‘Awake, Aeolian lyre, awake’’ &#8212; was misconstrued; Gray added a note quoting Pindar’s ‘‘Aeolian song’’ and ‘‘Aeolian strings’’ to make clear that he was referring to a mode of Greek music, not the wind harp. (To the ancients, however, ‘‘Aeolian lyre’’ might refer to Sappho and Alcaeus, whose lyrics were in the Aeolian dialect of Greek.) In poetry any harp can become an aeolian harp if suspended in the open air. Alluding to Psalm 137, where the exiled Jews ‘‘hanged our harps upon the willows’’ by the rivers of Babylon, William Cowper ends his long poem ‘‘Expostulation’’ by calling on his muse to ‘‘hang this harp upon yon aged beech, / Still murm’ring with the solemn truths I teach’’ (718&#8211;19). Among the English Romantics the wind harp became a favorite image,capable of many extensions. In ‘‘The Eolian Harp,’’ perhaps the most extended poetic treatment of the subject, Coleridge is prompted by the harp’s ‘‘soft floating witchery of sound’’ (20) to consider ‘‘the one Life within us and abroad, / Which meets all motion and becomes its soul’’ (26&#8211;27), and then speculates: ‘‘And what if all of animated nature / Be but organic Harps diversely fram’d, / That tremble into thought, as o’er them sweeps / Plastic and vast, one intellectual breeze, / At once the Soul of each, and God of all?’’ (44&#8211;48). Coleridge may have been influenced by the associationist psychology of David Hartley, according to whom sensation depends on ‘‘vibrations’’carried by the nerves to the brain, where new but fainter vibrations are created. Diderot, in D’Alembert’s Dream, has a similar but more explicitly musical model of sensation and memory, as does Herder, in Kalligone.Both Wordsworth and Coleridge used the metaphor of the internal breeze or breath responding to the inspiration of a natural wind. So Wordsworth begins the 1805 Prelude, ‘‘Oh there is blessing in this gentle breeze,’’ where the breeze serves as a kind of epic muse; a little later he reflects, ‘‘For I,methought, while the sweet breath of Heaven / Was blowing on my body, felt within / A corresponding mild creative breeze, / A vital breeze . . . ’’ (41&#8211;44) and then likens himself to an aeolian harp (103&#8211;07). In ‘‘Dejection,’’ Coleridge compares himself to an ‘‘AEolian lute, / Which better far were mute’’ (7&#8211;8). Shelley has frequent recourse to the image (e.g., Queen Mab 1.52&#8211;53, Alastor 42&#8211;45, 667&#8211;68) and extends it in interesting ways. It is quietly implicit in Queen Mab 8.19&#8211;20: ‘‘The dulcet music swelled / Concordant with the life-strings of the soul.’’ He develops an idea in Coleridge’s ‘‘Dejection,’’ where the raving wind is told that a crag or tree or grove would make fitter instruments than the lute, by imagining that the winds come to the pines to hear the harmony of their swinging (‘‘Mont Blanc’’ 20&#8211;24); in his ‘‘Ode to the West Wind’’ he implores the wind to ‘‘Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is’’ (57). In his ‘‘Defence of Poetry,’’ Shelley explicitly likens man to an aeolian lyre, but adds‘‘there is a principle within the human being . . . which acts otherwise than in the lyre, and produces not melody, alone, but harmony, by an internal adjustment of the sounds or motions thus excited to the impressions which excite them.’’ The aeolian harp enters French poetry with André Chénier’s Elégies (no. 22): ‘‘I am the absolute owner of my memory; / I lend it a voice, powerful magician, / Like an aeolian harp in the evening breezes, / And each of my senses resounds to this voice.’’ It appears as similes in the influential romantic novels Les Natchez by Chateaubriand and Corinne by Germaine de Sta¨el. In Germany, H¨olderlin in ‘‘Die Wanderung’’ (‘‘The Migration’’) makes the link Shelley makes: ‘‘and the forests / All rustled, every lyre / In unison / At heaven’s gentle touch’’ (trans. Sieburth). Goethe stages a brief ‘‘Conversation’’ between two Aeolian harps, male and female, and Schiller alludes to the harp in ‘‘The Dignity of Women.’’ The song of Ariel that opens Goethe’s Faust, Part II is accompanied by aeolian harps. Half a century later M¨orike writes ‘‘To an Aeolian Harp,’’ where the wind blows from the green tomb of ‘‘the youth I loved so much’’: ‘‘As the wind gusts more briskly, / A lovely cry of the harp / Repeats, to my sweet dismay, / The sudden emotion of my soul.’’ The Russian poet Tyutchev hears a harp at midnight grieving like a fallen angel; for a moment we feel faith and joy, ‘‘as if the sky flowed through our veins,’’ but it cannot last, and we sink back into ‘‘wearisome dreams’’ (‘‘The Gleam’’, trans. Bidney). In America, Emerson praises the one sure musician whose wisdom will not fail, the Aeolian harp, which ‘‘trembles to the cosmic breath’’ and which alone of all poets can utter ‘‘These syllables that Nature spoke’’ (‘‘The Harp’’). Thoreau wrote ‘‘Rumors from an Aeolian Harp,’’ a song from a harp, not about one, and in Walden he employs the metaphor several times. As a theme or allusion, the harp seems to have lingered longer in America than elsewhere, appearing as late as 1888 in a poem by Melville, ‘‘The Aeolian Harp at the Surf Inn.’ Kircher noted that several sounds may be produced by one string,suggesting that the string is to the wind as a prism to light, breaking up a unified motion or essence into its component parts. William Jones developed the theory that ‘‘the Eolian harp may be considered as an air-prism.’’ That idea may account for the connection between the aeolian harp and the ‘‘Harp of Memnon,’’ which was thought to be concealed within a colossal statue of an Egyptian pharoah and would sound when the first ray of sunlight struck it each morning. ‘‘For as old Memnon’s image,’’ Akenside writes, ‘‘long renown’d / By fabling Nilus, to the quivering touch / Of Titan’s ray, with each repulsive string / Consenting, sounded through the warbling air / Unbidden strains; even so did Nature’s hand / To certain species of external things, / Attune the finer organs of the mind’’ (Pleasures of Imagination 109&#8211;15). Amelia Opie mentions Memnon’s harp in her ‘‘Stanzas Written under Aeolus’ Harp.’’ Byron lightly alludes to Memnon, ‘‘the Ethiop king / Whose statue turns a harper once a day’’ (Deformed Transformed 1.531&#8211;32).At least two composers have written music ‘‘for’’ an aeolian harp: the Romantics Berlioz, in his Lélio (opus 14b), and Chopin, in his Etude opus 25,no. 1.</p>
<p>Work Cited:Ferber- A Dictionary of Literary Symbols</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Meinung gefragt: Wikipedia ist keine Demokratie der Geistreichen, Wikipedia ist die Diktatur der Zeitreichen. ]]></title>
<link>http://gunnarsohn.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/meinung-gefragt-wikipedia-ist-keine-demokratie-der-geistreichen-wikipedia-ist-die-diktatur-der-zeitreichen/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2009 13:59:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gunnarsohn</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gunnarsohn.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/meinung-gefragt-wikipedia-ist-keine-demokratie-der-geistreichen-wikipedia-ist-die-diktatur-der-zeitreichen/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Der Ausspruch in der überschrift belegt sich immer mehr, wie man an der Meldung und den Meinungsbeit]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://www.ne-na.de/die-verlorene-unschuld-der-graswurzel-enzyklop-disten-wikipedia-versch-rft-artikel-kontrollen-oligarchie-system-statt-soziales-netzwerk/0086"><img src="http://gunnarsohn.wordpress.com/files/2009/08/wikipedia.jpg" alt="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia" width="300" height="215" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1763" /></a>Der Ausspruch in der überschrift belegt sich immer mehr, wie man an der Meldung und den Meinungsbeiträgen auf NeueNachricht  entnehmen kann: </p>
<p><a href="http://www.ne-na.de/die-verlorene-unschuld-der-graswurzel-enzyklop-disten-wikipedia-versch-rft-artikel-kontrollen-oligarchie-system-statt-soziales-netzwerk/0086">So von Bernhard Steimel, Sprecher der Nürnberger Voice Days plus:</a> „Von einer Weisheit der Vielen kann nun nicht mehr gesprochen werden. Wikipedia verabschiedet sich von den Prinzipien der sozialen Netzwerke. Von den sympathischen libertären Wurzeln der Web-Enzyklopädie bleibt nicht mehr viel übrig&#8221;, kritisiert Steimel. Wer gegen Expertokratie und institutionelle Machtstrukturen ankämpfe, könne nicht selbst eine Politik des „closed shop&#8221;. Etiketten wie Schwarmintelligenz oder Graswurzeldemokratie würden die wahren Strukturen des Netzwerkes verfälschen.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.ne-na.de/die-verlorene-unschuld-der-graswurzel-enzyklop-disten-wikipedia-versch-rft-artikel-kontrollen-oligarchie-system-statt-soziales-netzwerk/0086">Weitere Expertenmeinungen würden mich interessieren. </a></p>
<p>Buchtipp.<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.de/Wikipedia-Rätsel-Kooperation-Christian-Stegbauer/dp/3531165895/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1251200680&#38;sr=8-1"><img src="http://gunnarsohn.wordpress.com/files/2009/08/stegbauer1.jpg" alt="Stegbauer" title="Stegbauer" width="240" height="240" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1766" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Persévérer est-il humain ?]]></title>
<link>http://nettoyeur.wordpress.com/2009/08/23/perseverer-est-il-humain/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2009 20:28:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nettoyeur</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nettoyeur.wordpress.com/2009/08/23/perseverer-est-il-humain/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Est-ce que je veux continuer comme ça, comme ici, comme si j’étais celui qui écrit ceci, cela, ici o]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Est-ce que je veux continuer comme ça, comme ici, comme si j’étais celui qui écrit ceci, cela, ici ou <a href="http://chivarucmarbarbarmarocsacrominecpanti.wordpress.com/">là-bas</a> ? Je persiste dans mon « être ». Je persiste et je signe, dit-on ? Enfant déjà, je détestais la piscine, ce mélange de soleil, de gens, cette eau froide, <!--more-->prétendument rafraîchissante, tout ce tralala. Je n’ai pas attendu d’écrire un peu pour avoir l’idée de me réfugier dans un café : une table, une chaise, — mais ça n’a aucun intérêt. Les règles de typographie que l’on m’a inculquées ne correspondent pas aux règles en vigueur sur le plan international, ai-je remarqué en lisant Drillon. C’est en lisant son <em>Traité de la ponctuation française</em> que j’ai appris, mais ça n’a pas le moindre intérêt non plus, que Diderot pouvait écrire, Diderot en personne, Mais qu’est-ce que je raconte, — par exemple, d’où il résulte que Beckett n’a rien inventé (du moins sur ce point-là). Il y a des jours où je préfère m’adonner à Drillon plutôt qu’à Schulz, à Rey plutôt qu’à Simon, à Littré plutôt qu’à Gombrowicz, etc. Si le revolver n’était pas un revolver (n’importe quel revolver est un revolver), je me tirerais bien une balle dans la tête, je crois. Je vais donc aller me coucher. Allez, un petit bonheur (et une manière de persévérer dans mon usage incorrect des règles de typographie qui sont en vigueur sur le plan international) : « Celui Qui s’engendra Lui-même, médiateur du Saint Esprit, et Lui-même s’envoyant Lui-même, Racheteur, entre Lui-même et les autres, Qui, abusé par Ses démons, déshabillé et flagellé, fut cloué comme chauve-souris sur porte de grange, dépérit sur l’arbre de la croix, Qui Se laissa enterrer, se releva, ravagea l’enfer, se transporta au paradis et là depuis dix-neuf cents années est assis à la droite de Son Propre Moi mais ne manquera pas de venir au dernier jour pour condamner les vivants et les morts alors que tous les vivants seront morts déjà », écrit Joyce. Ça va tout de suite beaucoup mieux, je trouve.</p>
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<title><![CDATA["Shakin' The Blues Away": primitivism, rock 'n roll and mental health]]></title>
<link>http://clarespark.com/2009/08/20/shakin-the-blues-away-primitivism-rock-n-roll-and-mental-health/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2009 20:53:01 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>clarespark</dc:creator>
<guid>http://clarespark.com/2009/08/20/shakin-the-blues-away-primitivism-rock-n-roll-and-mental-health/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[   Everyone is excited now about the proposed initiatives to reform mental health care, and though t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>   Everyone is excited now about the proposed initiatives to reform mental health care, and though there are numerous references to &#8220;mental health services&#8221; in H.R. 3200, I have seen little or no discussion about the debates within the fields, for instance, who exactly is qualified to mess with our brains and endocrine systems by treating everything from marital spats to incipient schizophrenia, OCD, or the numerous &#8220;personality disorders&#8221; covered in DSM IV (soon to be DSM V: I can&#8217;t wait). According to the House bill under consideration, mental health services are to be reimbursed as long as the provider has either a doctorate or a master&#8217;s degree (i.e., is a clinical psychologist or a social worker), has had two years of supervision in treating clients, and is licensed by the state. I have already asked one psychiatrist friend to comment on how M.D.s are viewing these proposals, and know from personal experience and study in both older practices and more recent cultural history treatments of &#8220;madness&#8221; (heavily influenced by Michel Foucault) that there is zero agreement among &#8220;counselors&#8221; (as H.R. 32oo calls these providers) as to what causes mental illness, let alone how to treat, manage, or cure it/them. Meanwhile the Foucauldians instruct the hip young at the better universities that madness is a social construction invented by the bourgeoisie who want to control everyone else. And the writing of history itself is under suspicion: it is a narrative &#8220;written by the plebs&#8221; to punish geniuses like himself.</p>
<p>    Readers of my prior blogs will notice that all of them deal either directly or tangentially with how we feel and act/don&#8217;t act in the world, and how we identify the source of evil or account for our own unhappiness or failure, often blaming &#8220;the Jews&#8221; or modern women (these are conflated in the idea of the <em>femme fatale).</em> Like Freud, I take instruction from the arts, for the major literary figures of the last several centuries were all concerned with what passes for sanity, adjustment, or vigorous, righteous resistance to arbitrary authority, and one recurring theme is the incarceration by conservative families of their dissident young)&#8211;a major theme in early nineteenth-century literature.. In this one, short I hope, I want to comment on  what I learned from reading passages from Thomas Mann&#8217;s <em>The Magic Mountain</em> (1922), particularly in one of the debates between &#8220;Naphta&#8221; a Jew turned authoritarian Jesuit, and Settembrini, an optimistic bourgeois humanist who believes in amelioration, health, and progress. (Mann is obviously arguing with himself, trying to reconcile or at least examine the warring parts of his own personality: read <em>Dr. Faustus</em> as another case study of Mann&#8217;s preoccupation with this theme, as was Herman Melville before him.) Here is an excerpt from <em>Magic Mountain</em>:</p>
<p> [Hans Castorp thinks that “disease was unhuman”:] “On the contrary, Naphta hastened to say. Disease was very human indeed. For to be man was to be ailing. Man was essentially ailing, his state of unhealthiness was what made him man. There were those who wanted to make him “healthy,” to to make him “go back to nature,” when, the truth was, he never had been “natural.” All the propaganda carried on today by the prophets of nature, the experiments in regeneration, the uncooked food, fresh-air cures, sun-bathing, and so on, the whole Rousseauian paraphernalia, had as its goal nothing but the dehumanization, the animalizing of man. They talked of “humanity,” of nobility—but it was the spirit alone that distinguished man, as a creature largely divorced from nature, largely opposed to her in feeling, from all other forms of organic life. In man’s spirit, then, resided his true nobility and his merit—in his state of disease, as it were; in a word, the more ailing he was, by so much was he the more man. The genius of disease was more human than the genius of health. How, then, could one who posed as the friend of man shut his eyes to these fundamental truths concerning man’s humanity? Herr Settembrini had progress ever on his lips: was he aware that all progress, is so far as there was such a thing, was due to illness, and to illness alone? In other words, to genius, which was the same thing? Had not the normal, since time was, lived on the achievements of the abnormal? Men consciously and voluntarily descended into disease and madness, in search of knowledge which, acquired by fanaticism, would lead back to health; after the possession and use of it had ceased to be conditioned by that heroic and abnormal act of sacrifice. That was the true death on the cross, the true Atonement.” [Knopf, 1968 edition, pp. 465-66]</p>
<p>     I was astonished to read this paragraph, for it gave me a new clue as to why Melville had written to Hawthorne shortly after he completed <em>Moby-Dick</em>, &#8220;I have written a wicked book, and feel as spotless as the lamb.&#8221; And does not &#8220;crazy&#8221; Ahab carry &#8220;a crucifixion in his face&#8221;? As writer, Melville&#8217;s primitivist descent into madness (into the world controlled by the Devil?) accomplished several things for him: 1. as in <em>Typee</em>, he could safely criticize his conservative family and certain missionaries from a distance; but 2. as romantic artist he took the risk of destroying religion, and religion was the route to social cohesion and conservative notions of &#8220;order.&#8221; And it must be said here that &#8220;Naphta&#8221; and his predecessors (Nietzsche) knew very little about real &#8220;madness&#8221; and its multiple causation in genetic inheritance, belief systems that distort reality (and somewhat described in prior blogs here), overwhelming stress, and other factors that physicians have studied and continue to explore with emphasis on the physiology of the brain.</p>
<p>    And remember R. D. Laing and the 1960s-70s vogue for his romantic views of madness as a source of connection with the real world? I was reminded too of Diderot&#8217;s primitivism in his <em>Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville </em>(centuries before Laing&#8217;s ravings), a fantasy of life in Tahiti where there are no sexual prohibitions whatsoever. Which takes me to the 60s counter-culture/New Left appropriation of primitivism in their astonishing and still existing devotion to rock &#8216;n roll and/or hip-hop culture as a form of rebellion and self-assertion against the hypocritical dowdy and classical-music, old-standard loving prior generations&#8211;the generation they blamed for the Viet Nam war and the election of Richard Nixon.</p>
<p>    It is my view that primitivism is no solution to racism, but rather a ratification of the old stereotype conveyed by Diderot: that (perpetual?) adolescents  can escape &#8220;surplus repression&#8221; (Marcuse), or the Performance Principle (Freud) by going native. But in the elevation of black criminal elements (e.g. the Panthers or the Afrocentric pseudo-historians, one of whom repeatedly produced the viciously anti-Western and antisemitic &#8220;Afrikan Mental Liberation Weekend&#8221; for KPFK in Los Angeles), they are maintaining the stereotype of the black person as savage yet entertaining minstrel, a minstrel supposedly ragging on the upper classes. So sensible black intellectuals who identify with a supposedly (jewified) puritanical and genteel middle-class and the American Dream are seen as uncool killjoys and can be safely ignored.</p>
<p>   The primitivist strategy, like pornography, is controversial. For its defenders, though appearing crazy,  primitivism is a harmless catharsis for anti-social impulses. I suppose one would have to study individuals and their ideological leanings, including the ability to form and maintain enduring attachments, or conversely, to change their minds as they travel along the road to &#8220;objectivity&#8221; to make inroads on this judgment. (See Lippmann&#8217;s writing on this beneficent transformation, emphasized in my last blog.) More later as I survey existing debates within the field of mental health. Surely the narratives that are constructed for us by our families and teachers relating to our own biographies, to the national biography, and to America&#8217;s relations to other groups or societies, are of concern for all workers striving to enhance what is all too loosely described as mental health.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Yeryüzünde Bir İnsan!-1]]></title>
<link>http://okans.wordpress.com/2009/08/16/yeryuzunde-bir-insan-1/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2009 15:34:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>okans</dc:creator>
<guid>http://okans.wordpress.com/2009/08/16/yeryuzunde-bir-insan-1/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Taşlardan, topraklardan, madenlerden; bitkilerden, hayvanlardan insana kadar gelen bu süreç, ne türl]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-793" title="insan-resimleri-" src="http://okans.wordpress.com/files/2009/08/insan-resimleri.jpg?w=299" alt="insan-resimleri-" width="299" height="300" />Taşlardan, topraklardan, madenlerden; bitkilerden, hayvanlardan insana kadar gelen bu süreç, ne türlü bir süreçtir? Bu akıl durdurucu görünümün altında yatan nedir?</p>
<p>Şimdi artık bu çok yalın doğa yasasını açık seçik biliyoruz. Milyonlarca yıl süren bu dramatik serüvenin altında yatan, doğanın evrensel evrim yasası&#8217;dır. Ama bu yasayı bilimsel olarak açıklayabilmek için Charles Darwin (1809-1882) gibi bir bilgin gerekiyordu.</p>
<p>Öküze, korunması için, boynuz verilmiş. Ya mürekkepbalığı korunmayacak mı? Onun da boyası var. Mürekkepbalığı öylesine boyar ki suyu, saldıranlar ne etseler onu bulamazlar. Boynuzsuz, boyasız tavşan da çevik bacaklarına güvenir. Kuşlar kanatlanıp uçarak kendilerini kurtarırlar. Ya boynuzsuz, boyasız, kanatsız, hantal bacaklı insan? Onu da usu (aklı) koruyacak. İyi ama neden kimine boynuz, kimine boya, kimine çevik bacak, kimine kanat, kimine us? Örneğin bütün varlıklar boynuzlu olamazlar mıydı?</p>
<p>Bu soruya Darwin&#8217;den çok önce Fransız bilgini Jean Lamarck (1744-1829) karşılık vermişti: Hayır, olamazlardı. Çünkü her varlık; içinde varlaştığı özdeksel koşullara göre oluşuyordu. Ne türlü koşullar içindeyse o türlü olmak zorundaydı. Kuşu varlaştıran koşullar çevik bacakları gerektirmediği gibi öküzü varlaştıran koşullar da usu gerektirmiyordu. Gereksinme (ihtiyaç) organ yaratmaktaydı. Buna karşı, artık gereksenmeyen organlar da köreliyor ve ortadan kalkıyorlardı. Ortamın zorlamasıyla meydana gelen özellikler kalıtımla kuşaklardan kuşaklara geçiyor, geçerken daha da gelişiyorlardı. Örneğin zürafa, önceleri otla beslendiği için normal boyunlu ve normal bacaklı bir hayvandı. Yaşadığı çevre çölleşince başka bir çevreye geçerek yiyeceğini yüksek dallardan sağlamak zorunda kalmıştı. O yüksek dallara erişebilmek için de zorunlu olarak bacakları ve boynu uzamıştı.</p>
<p>Ne var ki bu karşılık evrimi açıklamaya yetmiyordu. Daha başka ve haklı soruları da karşılayabilmek gerekiyordu. Çevresel koşulların etkisiyle varlaşan özellikler nasıl oluyor da kuşaklardan kuşaklara geçebiliyordu? Ortam adı verilen bilinçsiz bir güç bu kadar düzenli ürünler meydana getirebilir miydi?</p>
<p>Darwin&#8217;in büyük önemi, bu soruları bilimsel olarak karşılamasındadır. Darwin bu alana bol sayıda bilimsel kanıtlar getiriyor. Kendinden önce bu alanda çalışan Lamarck, Diderot, Robinet, Charles de Bonnet vb. gibi evrimcilerin kuramsal varsayımlarını düzeltiyor ve bilimsel olarak doğruluyor. Özellikle Lamarck&#8217;ın soyaçekim ve çevreye uyma varsayımlarını yepyeni doğal ayıklama ve yaşama savaşı bulgularıyla güçlendiriyor. Darwin&#8217;e göre yaşam kasırgası içinde ancak yaşama gücü olanlar canlı kalırlar ve türlerini sürdürürler. Bu, bir doğal ayıklanma ya da doğal seçme (selection naturelle)&#8217;dir. Yaşama savaşında ayakta kalanlar belli özellikler gösterenlerdir. Bu özellikler, soyaçekimle yeni kuşaklara geçmektedir, hem de daha gelişerek. Bitki ve hayvan yetiştirenler kuraldışı (müstesna) özellikler gösterenleri birbirlerine aşılaya aşılaya yeni türler elde ederler. İnsanların bile yapabildiği bu aşılamayı doğa daha kolaylıkla ve doğal olarak yapmaktadır.</p>
<p>Gerçekten de, bu seçim, doğumdan önce başlamaktadır. Örneğin bir insan yaratmak için iki yüz yirmi beş milyon erkek tohumu sekiz saat süren bir yarışa girişirler. Kadın yumurtası karanlık bir köşede gizlenmiştir. İki yüz yirmi beş milyon yarışçı arasından hangisi amaca daha önce varır, yumurtayı gizlendiği köşede bulabilirse, doğacak çocuğu o meydana getirecektir. Kazanan, en güçlüdür. Çünkü, en iyi koşucu, en iyi bulucu ve en iyi delici olarak üç sınavda da başarıya ulaşmıştır. En güçlü, en iyi, en uygun böylelikle seçilir ve yenilen iki yüz yirmi dört milyon dokuz yüz doksan dokuz bin dokuz yüz doksan dokuz olanak (imkan), doğal süpürgenin acımak bilmeyen süpürüşü önünde ölüp giderler. Cinsi yaşatan, sürdüren en güçlülerdir (Dr. Fritz Kahn, İnsan ve Hayat, s. 38). Darwin&#8217;e göre böylesine bir evrim sonunda hayvandan insana geçişte son hayvan halkası maymundur. İnsan, çok gelişmiş bir maymun türünün uygun koşullar altında evrimi sonunda meydana gelmiştir.</p>
<p>Bir fille bir kertenkelenin, bir insanla bir solucanın aynı soydan olduklarını hemen kavramak kolay değildir elbet. Prof. Alfred Weber, insanın bir maymun değişimi olduğunu bir türlü anlamak istemeyenlere: Utanmayın, diyor, aslandan ya da gül ağacından geldiğiniz söylenseydi, hiç kuşku yok, hoşunuza gidecekti. Kutsal Kitap size, yüzyıllarca, bir toprak külçesinden var olduğunuzu söyleyip durdu da niçin utanmadınız? (Felsefe Tarihi, s. 345- 346). Gerçekte insanla hayvan arasında, sanıldığı kadar, büyük bir uçurum yoktur. Hayvanın insana oranı, tomurcuğun çiçeğe oranı gibidir.</p>
<p>Antropoloji bilgini Sir Arthur Keith şöyle diyor: Darwinisme&#8217;i maymundan hemen insana geçivermiş bir evrim zinciri olarak anlamak yanlıştır. Büyük insan familyasının çeşitli gruplara ve bu grupların da çeşitli türlere ayrıldığı bir eski dünya düşünün. Bugün maymunlar nasıl büyüklü küçüklü çeşitli gruplar halinde görünüyorlarsa, o eski dünyanın insanları da öyle görünmekteydiler. İşte bu çeşitli türler girdabı içinde bir tür, yaşama kavgasından artakalarak bugünkü insan türünü meydana getirmiştir (A. Keith, İnsanlığın Eskiliğine Dair).</p>
<p>Darwin kuramı, evrene altı bin yıllık bir yaş biçen, gökle yer arasındaki bütün varlıkların altı gün içinde yaratıldığını bildiren Kutsal Kitapları kökünden çürütmektedir. Ondokuzuncu yüzyılın bütün dincileri, bu yüzden, Darwin&#8217;e geniş çapta tepki göstermişlerdir. Oxford Piskoposu Wilberforce, Darwin&#8217;i savunan Th. Huxley&#8217;e, kendisinin baba yönünden mi, yoksa ana yönünden mi maymundan geldiğini sormaktadır. Huxley, bu kabalığa şu karşılığı veriyor: Bilimsel gerçekleri baltalamak için diller döken bir adamın soyundan gelmektense, alçakgönüllü ve haddini bilen bir maymunun soyundan gelmeyi tercih ederim (A. Adıvar, Tarih Boyunca İlim ve Din, c. II, s. 109). Yurdumuzda da bu kuramı tanıtmaya çalışan Ahmet Mithat Efendi&#8217;nin yazılarına karşı o günün hükümeti şu buyruğu vermiştir: Ahmet Mithat Efendinin maymunlarına dair matbuata zinhar nesne yazdırılmaması&#8230;</p>
<p>Antropoloji alanındaki son bulgular günümüzden 400 milyon yıl önceki Silür döneminde deniz hayvanlarının yaşadığını, 300 milyon yıl önceki Karbon döneminde kara bitkilerinin belirdiğini, 150 milyon yıl önceki Jura döneminde dinozorlarla sürüngenlerin göründüğünü, 60 milyon yıl önceki Eosen döneminde de maymun ve ilerde insanlaşması muhtemel primatların çoğaldığını meydana koymuştur. Bu çağlardan kalma fosil kalıntıları, günümüzden 35 milyon yıl önceki Oligosen döneminde yaşamış olan Aegyptopitehecus Zeuxis&#8217;in insanlaşmayı hazırlayan maymun türlerinden Drvopithecus&#8217;ün atası olabileceği kanısını uyandırmıştır. Dryopithecus Africanus adı verilen bu maymun türüyse, günümüzden 25 milyon yıl önceki Miosen döneminde yaşamıştı. Bu çağda bulunan Ramapitehecus punjabicus ve Kenyapithecus Africanus&#8217;ün insan türünü meydana getirecek olan ilk insanımsılar (Latince: Hominidae) oldukları sanılmaktadır. 12 milyon yıl önceki Pliosen döneminden hiçbir fosil bulunamamışsa da 3 milyon yıl önceki Pleistosen döneminden ilk insanlaşan maymun grubu olduğu sanılan Australopithecus fosilleri bulunmuştur. Çünkü, bunlara gelinceye dek bütün maymun grupları çoğunlukla ağaçlarda yaşarken bu grubun yerde yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Bu maymun-insan fosillerinin ilki 1924 yılında Rodezya&#8217;da bulunmuştu. Daha sonra bu türden düzinelerle fosil meydana çıkarılmıştır. Bu fosillerle birlikte bunlarca yapıldığı sanılan yontulmuş çakıl taşları da bulunmuştur. Pleistosen döneminin üçüncü buz çağından önce insan tüzünün geniş ölçüde yayıldığı sanılmaktadır. Neandertal adamı bu ilk insanlardan biridir ve Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis adıyla anılmaktadır. Bu dönemin dördüncü buz çağı Neandertal adamını hemen tümüyle yok etmiştir. Ama, bu çağ sona ermeden Homo sapiens sapiens adı verilen gerçek insanlar dünya üstünde görünmüşlerdir. Sürüp gitmekte olan soyumuzun ataları bunlardır. Bu insanlar çeşitli ırklar halinde var olmuşlardır. Bu ırkların ilki de Cro-Magnon ırkıdır.</p>
<p>____________________</p>
<p>Devamı Gelecek</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Laissez-nous prendre le temps de faire société]]></title>
<link>http://tarba.wordpress.com/2009/08/06/laissez-nous-prendre-le-temps-de-faire-societe/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2009 08:54:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>BaRT</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tarba.wordpress.com/2009/08/06/laissez-nous-prendre-le-temps-de-faire-societe/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[« Qui ne dérange rien ni personne, ne libère rien ni personne » (Yves Heurté)   Ils parlaient, ils r]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:right;">«<em> Qui ne dérange rien ni personne, ne libère rien ni personne </em>»</p>
<p>(Yves Heurté)</p>
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<div style="text-align:justify;"><strong></strong></div>
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<p><strong><em>Ils parlaient, ils riaient, et je me mêlais à eux ; ils m’acceptaient, ils me toléraient ; certes, je n’étais pas l’un d’entre eux, mais je ne semblais pas les gêner. Souvent, je ne comprenais rien à ce qu’ils disaient, à leurs rires ; certains instants me laissaient dans une ignorance douce car, malgré la demi obscurité, je goûtais là une forme de connivence, un lien inexplicable sur le moment, mais fondateur. </em></p>
<p></strong></p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-58" title="narguilé" src="http://tarba.wordpress.com/files/2009/08/narguile.jpg" alt="narguilé" width="351" height="336" /></p>
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<p> </p>
<p><strong><em> </p>
<p></em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La morale qui s’impose aujourd’hui, comme toujours, s’appuie sur le contrôle de ce que chacun d’entre nous pense, dit et fait, pour essayer, par tous les moyens, de nous redresser afin que tous pensent, disent et fassent la même chose. La loi passe qui édicte l’ordre normal des choses.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Parce qu’<a href="http://dalyna.wordpress.com/2009/07/30/il-est-interdit-d%E2%80%99interdire%E2%80%A6-d%E2%80%99interdire/"> <strong>il est interdit d’interdire… d’interdire</strong> </a>, nous transgresserons.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Nous jouerons au chat et à la souris avec les représentants de cet ordre moral nouveau (qui use et abuse de l’application du principe de précaution et de la tolérance zéro) et nous jouerons aussi longtemps qu’ils n’auront pas compris que c’est pour nous, désormais, le moyen le plus sûr de contrarier la condamnation de nos pratiques, de faire perdurer le simple désir de communiquer, de vivre ensemble qu’ils répriment ainsi (piétinant au passage, toute sensibilité). Nous transgresserons au-delà des changements opérés…</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Il m’arrive de fumer le narguilé, comme il m’arrive de boire. J’en sais les dangers pour la santé au sens strict, telle qu’elle peut-être définie par ceux qui nous gouvernent, dans la peur des maladies qui mènent plus ou moins rapidement à la mort, contre lesquelles il faut lutter, par tous moyens… et je sais le coût des traitements pour que survivent les malades, le coût financier que cela implique. Je sais tout cela et je sais encore que la santé n’est pas simplement l’absence de maladie ou d’infirmité. La santé est bien plus que cela. Elle est cet « <em><strong>état de bien être total physique, social et mental de la personne</strong> </em>» (définition de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé). J’accepte en fumant de mettre en danger pour l’avenir, mon état de bien être physique et dans une certaine mesure, sans doute, mon état de bien être mental. En fumant, je m’assure également, pour le présent cette fois, mon état de bien être social et dans une large mesure, sans aucun doute, mon état de bien être mental (tant je sais l’importance des relations sociales, que permet le temps du narguilé, dans le sentiment de bien être au monde parmi les autres).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Je fume en des lieux dédiés à l’acte de fumer, des lieux dédiés à bien davantage que ce seul acte. S’y exprime une forte sociabilité où l’on se rencontre entre amis ou entre inconnus, où l’on discute, où l’on partage. D&#8217;une fois sur l&#8217;autre, on peut y observer l&#8217;existence de petits groupes, toujours les mêmes, investissant un coin de salle. La complicité s&#8217;exprime dans des plaisanteries, la solidarité dans l&#8217;échange de paroles. Dans les bars chicha la proximité est grande (due en partie à la promiscuité qu&#8217;impose la fréquente exiguïté des lieux). Les contacts physiques sont fréquents. On s&#8217;interpelle, on se salue. D&#8217;autres rapports sont plus discrets. Sans doute la proximité est-elle favorisée par celle qui préexiste à la pratique du narguilé, d’ordre sociale, culturelle, économique.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Je goûte, dans ces niches de connivence, au sein de petites sociétés secrètes qui l’autorisent, l’anonymat, un monde choisi, essentiel, inaliénable, où l’on fait corps au-delà des différences. J’entre désormais ici en quasi clandestinité, au courage d’une certaine manière. Ces niches de connivence sont des repères d’existence pour bon nombre de personnes, où il est possible de goûter des moments d’absence au monde, où s’exprime une autre vérité. Le bar chicha est un lieu de mystère, dont l’odeur ne dit presque rien des complicités qui s’y fondent, de l’appartenance, du lien qui s’y forge. Nos instants d’éternité.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Dans ce huis clos, où l’on est jamais seul, on se retrouve pour discuter, « <strong><em>niches de connivence où l’on s’exerce à l’échange des paroles et des consciences, par défi contre les vérités établies, matrices d’utopies artistiques ou politiques</em></strong> » (Jean Duvignaud, <em>Le pandémonium du présent</em>, Paris, Plon, 1998, pp. 39-40), où « <strong><em>s’élaborent des émotions, des images, des figurations, des sentiments attachés aux relations internes du groupe : une cuisine à l’étouffée qui mêle des pratiques, des rites, des légendes, des formes </em></strong>» (Jean Duvignaud, <em>La genèse des passions dans la vie sociale</em>, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1990, p. 78) Ici, il est encore possible de « <strong><em>Trouver à qui parler […] Parler pour dire, […] et ne pas être seul. La solitude c’est cette fréquentation consensuelle permanente. Cultiver le désaccord.</em> </strong>» (Georges Perros, <em>Papiers collés 2</em>, Paris, Gallimard, 1998, rééd. p. 256)</p>
<p>&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>“Interlude”</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<div style="text-align:center;"><strong></strong></div>
<p> </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;">«<em> Le Houka, comme le narguilé, est un appareil très élégant ; il offre aux yeux des formes inquiétantes et bizarres qui donnent une sorte de supériorité aristocratique à celui qui s’en sert aux yeux d’un bourgeois étonné. C’est un réservoir, ventru comme un pot du Japon, lequel supporte une espèce de godet en terre cuite où se brûle le tabac, le patchouli, les substances dont vous aspirez la fumée, car on peut fumer plusieurs produits botaniques, tous plus divertissants les uns que les autres. La fumée passe par de longs tuyaux en cuir de plusieurs aunes, garnis de soie, de fil d’argent, et dont le bec plonge dans le vase au-dessus de l’eau parfumée qu’il contient, et dans laquelle trempe le tuyau qui descend de la cheminée supérieure. Votre aspiration tire la fumée, contrainte à traverser l’eau pour venir à vous par l’horreur que le vide cause à la nature. En passant par cette eau, la fumée s’y dépouille de son empyreume, elle s’y rafraîchit, s’y parfume sans perdre les qualités essentielles que produit la carbonisation de la plante, elle se subtilise dans les spirales du cuir, et vous arrive au palais, pure et parfumée. Elle s’étale sur vos papilles, elle les sature, et monte au cerveau, comme des prières mélodieuses et embaumées vers la divinité. Vous êtes couché sur le divan, vous êtes occupé sans rien faire, vous pensez sans fatigue, vous vous grisez sans boire, sans dégoût, sans les retours sirupeux du vin de Champagne, sans les fatigues nerveuses du café. Votre cerveau acquiert des facultés nouvelles, vous ne sentez plus la calotte osseuse et pesante de votre crâne, vous volez à pleines ailes dans le monde de la fantaisie […] Les plus belles espérances passent et repassent, non plus en illusions, elles ont pris un corps, et bondissent comme autant de Taglioni, avec quelle grâce ! Vous le savez, fumeurs ! Ce spectacle embellit la nature, toutes les difficultés de la vie disparaissent, la vie est légère, l’intelligence est claire, la grise atmosphère de la pensée devient bleue ; mais, effet bizarre, la toile de cet opéra tombe quand s’éteint le houka, le cigare ou la pipe. Cette excessive jouissance, à quel prix l’avez-vous conquise ? </em>».</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">(Honoré de Balzac, <em>Traité des excitants modernes</em>, Paris, Mille et une Nuits, 1997, pp. 36s.)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>___</strong></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;">Balzac, qui écrivait ces lignes vers 1839, ajoutait plus loin, « <strong><em>Tout excès qui atteint les muqueuses abrège la vie </em></strong>» (<em>ibid.</em>, p. 47).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Et ? C’est un choix qui demeure possible, non ?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La pratique du narguilé est choisie. Les fumeurs pénètrent l&#8217;espace-temps du narguilé librement. Le temps consacré à la pratique est alors perdu pour les occupations quotidiennes contraintes, mais gagné quant à la libre disposition de soi-même, s&#8217;offrant comme luxe, tentative pour échapper à l&#8217;impératif utilitaire de rentabilité, de sécurité. A l’image du parieur, qui sait bien qu’il joue au risque de tout perdre, les fumeurs savent bien qu&#8217;ils fument et encore ce qu’ils risquent d’un côté, ce qu’ils gagnent de l’autre, et font dans cet acte l&#8217;expérience de la liberté : « <em><strong>Temps perdu pour le travail systématique et pour la production matérielle. Temps perdu, temps gagné. (…) L&#8217;homme qui joue [qui fume] a donné congé aux nécessités du monde, au monde de la nécessité, pour entrer dans un univers de liberté</strong> </em>» (Georges Gusdorf, « L&#8217;esprit des jeux », in Roger Caillois (dir.), <em>Jeux et sports</em>, Paris, Gallimard, 1967, p. 1162.)</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">En cet univers de liberté, sphère d’effervescence discrète, je me sens privilégié et complice, et je goûte la « <strong><em>solidarité de ceux qui s’y retrouvent [qui] est d’autant plus forte qu’elle se trouve “à l’abri” des autres groupes qui composent la vie sociale, établissant des rapports de connivence et de prestige plus solides […] Ni institution ni organisation : le lien qui unit les membres est arbitraire et plus ou moins éphémère. Le goût qui en émane n’est pas une préférence flottante, liée au marché, mais bien la valorisation d’une manière de vivre, de se mouvoir, de s’insérer dans un monde.</em></strong> » (Jean Duvignaud, <em>La genèse des passions dans la vie sociale</em>, <em>op. cit.</em>, p. 157) Un monde dans lequel je peux me reconnaître, qui laisse s’exprimer la poésie de l’existence. Jouissance simple et éphémère.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">J’aurais imaginé que nos gouvernants chercheraient à comprendre quelles relations subtiles prennent ainsi corps dans des pratiques telles que le narguilé, qu’ils prendraient le temps de ne pas y pointer qu’un aspect médical, un risque pour la santé, l’enjeu de santé publique, quand bien d’autres y prennent place : ne serait-ce qu’étudier comment la pratique du narguilé, comme celle du jeu, tissent des relations entre les individus, ayant tous en commun d’être porteurs d’une expérience singulière qui ne demande qu’à être exprimée et que c’est dans cette expression partagée que réside, sinon le sens de la vie, le sens de vivre ensemble, de faire société. De ces expériences croisées, écrivait Duvignaud, on découvre des autres ce que les autres découvrent en nous, une relation qui donne forme à une évidence commune, « <strong><em>Il ne s’agit pas d’un je et d’un vous autres, mais d’un nous – ce que l’on est, ce que l’on perçoit.</em> </strong>» (Jean Duvignaud, <em>Le pandémonium du présent</em>, <em>op. cit.</em>, p. 159).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Il aurait fallu, pour saisir tout cela, que nos gouvernants prennent le temps ; or, le « pragmatisme » qui les anime, ne prône point la durée, mais bien une immédiateté (qui pervertit d’ailleurs tout pragmatisme – qui pose la valeur pratique des idées comme critère de vérité). Qu’ils prennent le temps, oui, pour se forger une idée du phénomène « narguilé » au-delà de la seule somme des idées reçues qu’ils en ont, fussent-elles justes pour certaines, au regard des conséquences médicales <em>stricto sensu</em> de ce phénomène (conséquences que nous ne nions pas ici d’ailleurs), et par suite, de ne pas agir de manière aussi radicale et limitée. Le pragmatisme a ses limites.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Tout phénomène s’inscrit dans la durée, la société n’est pas une donnée, elle est bel et bien un processus qui s’ancre dans un échange entre l’objectif et l’intersubjectif. Savent-ils seulement, ceux qui interdisent telle ou telle pratique, quel sens celle-ci recouvre pour ceux qui s’y adonnent ? Signification d’autant plus délicate à saisir, à comprendre, qu’elle est liée à l’inscription des acteurs dans divers contextes spatio-temporels, dans des jeux de transmissions, d’échanges, de rituels qui définissent tant la pratique que les manières qu’à chacun de la dire, la penser et la faire. Ces liens, sociabilités particulières et microscopiques, qui font se rejoindre nos quotidiens et l’infinité du possible.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Je ne désespère pas de nous voir détrôner un jour prochain les prétentions que nos gouvernants s’accordent à eux-mêmes en nous maintenant, pour l’heure, les genoux à terre. Et de là, faire jaillir des idées neuves, collectives, sur la base de nos échanges de vivant à vivant. Ce mouvement, encore souterrain, est porteur d’intuitions, qui naissent derrière la fumée des narguilés aussi. Et ainsi d’en faire naître la crainte aussi, et la laisser s’épanouir. Il faut combattre contre toute action politique qui vise à aliéner l’existence de chacun dans le consensuel permanent. Le travail d’ouverture des consciences n’est jamais achevé. Il faut se pervertir contre toute idée reçue, savoir douter de ce que l’on croit savoir de source sûre. Accepter de demeurer entre homogénéisation et émergence, entre perte et invention.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Mais, force est de constater qu’il n’est « <strong><em>point de subversion ou de remise en question de l’ordre qui est – dont Diderot pensait qu’on ne peut le contester « sans changer d’être ». Personne ne songe à changer d’être, seulement à jouir de ses biens propres. Chacun prolonge ses intuitions premières et suit sa pente. Le mot – peut-être l’idée maîtresse – de ce temps n’est-il pas « gestion » ? On gère au sport une victoire ou une défaite, on gère une maladie, les passions, ses revenus, son travail, voire son inconscient.</em> </strong>» (Jean Duvignaud, <em>Le pandémonium du présent</em>, <em>op. cit.</em>, pp. 186-87) On gère son « capital santé »&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Et peut-être sommes-nous, ainsi que l’écrivait Céline, par nature, si futiles, que seules les distractions peuvent nous empêcher vraiment de mourir.</p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><em><strong>Post scriptum</strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">je m’arrête désormais en certains lieux discrets, pour fumer et échanger sur ce monde que l’on parcourt et élabore ensemble, songeant dès à présent à l’acte de subversion que je commets ainsi et que l’Etat n’accepte plus… car il demeure quelque chose à comprendre dans ce qui ne reproduit pas l’ordre sécurisant des choses… à condition de bien vouloir s’attarder, s’arrêter dans ces espaces incertains où s’ancre encore notre vécu social… en des temporalités multiples, en des lieux où les esprits coopèrent… assurant la cohésion d’ensemble contre une politique par trop bruyante et idéologique, de séparation… je nicherai encore longtemps en connivence, non pas contre les uns, mais bien pour les autres.<strong><em> </em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><strong><em>BaRT</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><strong><em>février 2008</em></strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[pointeur sur SDX]]></title>
<link>http://coffeeandsci.wordpress.com/2009/07/22/pointeur-sur-sdx/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 15:31:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Oldcola</dc:creator>
<guid>http://coffeeandsci.wordpress.com/2009/07/22/pointeur-sur-sdx/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Dans le genre des posts de SDX que j&#8217;adore, celui-ci qui présente un extrait de Diderot, dans ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Dans le genre des posts de SDX que j&#8217;adore, <a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/schizodoxe/Cxef/~3/umLmnM31P-k/">celui-ci qui présente un extrait de Diderot</a>, dans le cadre de l&#8217;année Darwin.</p>
<p>Magistral !</p>
<p>Pensez donc à l&#8217;ajouter à vos lecteurs RSS <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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