<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- generator="wordpress.com" -->
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>dpi &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/dpi/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "dpi"</description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 12:54:29 +0000</pubDate>

	<generator>http://en.wordpress.com/tags/</generator>
	<language>en</language>

<item>
<title><![CDATA[ 	 Virgin setaccerà i dati delle Reti P2P ]]></title>
<link>http://yanfry.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/virgin-setaccera-i-dati-delle-reti-p2p/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 09:09:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>yanfry</dc:creator>
<guid>http://yanfry.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/virgin-setaccera-i-dati-delle-reti-p2p/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[UK, Virgin Media prende le misure al P2P Il provider dice di voler misurare il livello degli scambi ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="msg_6123"><strong>UK, Virgin Media prende le misure al P2P</strong></p>
<p><em>Il provider dice di voler misurare il livello degli scambi che avvengono sulle reti di file sharing. Dalla terra di Albione giungono rassicurazioni: nessun utente verrà tracciato, solo dati anonimi</em></p>
<p>Roma &#8211; Virgin Media rappresenta <strong>da tempo</strong> il fronte più avanzato della convergenza di interessi tra provider con la vocazione all&#8217;entertainment e l&#8217;industria dei contenuti propriamente detta in UK. Non stupisce più di tanto quindi venire a conoscenza della nuova iniziativa dell&#8217;ISP britannico, che si avventurerà presto nella <strong>scansione particolareggiata delle attività di P2P</strong> grazie a un partnership con Detica e all&#8217;impiego di tecniche di <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" target="_blank">deep packet inspection.</a></p>
<p>Detica, società abituata a lavorare con i dati governativi e le agenzie di intelligence, fornirà a Virgin Media i servizi del suo tool CView grazie al quale l&#8217;ISP potrà appunto <a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/virgin_to_monitor_filesharing_in_uk.php" target="_blank">scandagliare in gran dettaglio</a> gli scambi di pacchetti di dati che avvengono sul suo network, e stabilire quanti di questi scambi sono riconducibili a materiale &#8220;illegale&#8221;.</p>
<p>A quanto pare il DPI di CView interesserà circa il 40 per cento degli utenti oltremanica di Virgin Media, e le misurazioni serviranno a <strong>stabilire statistiche sull&#8217;attività di sharing</strong> piuttosto che a preparare lettere di minacce da inviare ai singoli utenti: il traffico raccolto da CView sarebbe di tipo esclusivamente aggregato e un operatore umano non dovrebbe potervi accedere per compilare profili individuali.<br />
Ma l&#8217;impiego di tecnologie DPI da parte di Virgin Media fa discutere perché lo stesso provider, quando si era trattato di valutare l&#8217;impatto del &#8220;behavioral advertising&#8221; di Phorm che pure del DPI faceva uso, <a href="http://punto-informatico.it/2610277/PI/News/usa-setacci-del-traffico-sotto-lente.aspx" target="_blank">aveva preso le distanze</a> da simili pratiche di indagine nei dati online.</p>
<p>Permangono inoltre le preoccupazioni <strong>sull&#8217;utilizzo di CView a scopo antipirateria</strong> nonostante le rassicurazioni in senso contrario: il CEO del provider, Neil Berkett, <a href="http://punto-informatico.it/2256225_2/PI/News/mano-lunga-delle-discriminazioni-bit.aspx" target="_blank">ebbe già a dire</a> che &#8220;<em>questa roba della net neutrality non è che una manica di balle</em>&#8220;. Dalla non-neutralità della rete alla profilazione individuale degli utenti del P2P il passo potrebbe non essere così lungo.</p>
<p><em>Alfonso Maruccia </em></p>
<p>Fonte: <a href="http://punto-informatico.it/2762242/PI/News/uk-virgin-media-prende-misure-al-p2p.aspx" target="_blank">http://punto-informatico.it/2762242/PI/News/uk-virgin-media-prende-misure-al-p2p.aspx</a><br />
Licenza CC <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/it/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/it/</a>F</div>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Vergin' on the criminal?]]></title>
<link>http://stasination.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/vergin-on-the-criminal/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 21:25:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kiddr</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stasination.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/vergin-on-the-criminal/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[And so Mandelson&#8217;s snooping begins to rumble our way&#8230; Virgin Media has announced that it]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://stasination.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/spyware.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-324" title="state_spyware" src="http://stasination.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/spyware.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="300" /></a>And so Mandelson&#8217;s snooping begins to rumble our way&#8230; Virgin Media has announced that it will <a href="http://crave.cnet.co.uk/software/0,39029471,49304424,00.htm" target="_blank">commence a trial of deep packet inspection</a> (DPI) technology to monitor filesharing on its network, but plans not to tell the customers whose traffic will be examined. Called <em>CView</em>, the hardware will be provided by Detica (&#8220;specialists in collecting, managing and exploiting information to reveal actionable intelligence&#8221;), a subsidiary of BAE whose usual customers are the intelligence agencies and law enforcement.</p>
<p>The system will look at traffic and identify the peer-to-peer packets. In a step beyond how ISPs currently monitor their networks, it will then peer inside those packets and try to determine what is licensed and what is unlicensed, based on data provided by the record industry. An All Party Parliamentary Action Group (APPAG) has <a href="http://privacyappg.org.uk/Documents/appg_IMP_briefing.pdf" target="_blank">already stated</a> this year that: &#8220;<strong>Any form of DPI is an interception under s1 RIPA and thus illegal unless covered by the appropriate warrant</strong>.&#8221;</p>
<p>The basic concept has already been labelled <a href="http://tiny.cc/sZL0t" target="_blank">Phorm 2.0</a> by many observers, after the<a href="http://www.fipr.org/080423phormlegal.pdf" target="_blank"> online advertising technology tested on BT&#8217;s broadband network without the consent of users</a>. In 2008, BT claimed that Phorm conformed to European data laws, but this was rejected by the European Commission who <a href="http://tiny.cc/IaqcD" target="_blank">pointed out that DPI intercepted user data without clear consent</a>, violating online privacy laws.</p>
<p>The Foundation for Information Policy Research (Fipr) <a href="http://tiny.cc/968uV" target="_blank">argued</a> in an open letter that Phorm contravened RIPA in that it failed to protect users from unlawful interception of information and bypassed the need for both parties to consent to interception, &#8220;an extremely basic principle within the legislation [which] cannot be lightly ignored or treated as a technicality.&#8221;</p>
<p>Fipr&#8217;s Richard Clayton  said: &#8220;The Phorm system is highly intrusive; it&#8217;s like the Post Office opening all my letters to see what I&#8217;m interested in, merely so that I can be sent a better class of junk mail. Not surprisingly, when you look closely, this activity turns out to be illegal.&#8221;</p>
<p>This is a helpful way of understanding how Virgins proposed system will work &#8211; it will be the same as the sorting office opening and reading all of your mail in the hope of finding something illegal. Would you stand by and let the Post Office do that..?</p>
<p>Back in June the APPAG also disclosed: &#8220;We are aware that the Government is testing some DPI-kit with at least one major telecommunications provider and that funding is already allocated for the scheme.&#8221; Further evidence for this being a beta trial where Phorm was the alpha, is provided by the revelations that the Home Office were possibly in collusion with Phorm, offering guidance on the legalities of the snooping. This was exposed by e-mail exchanges released under a Freedom of Information Act request made by a member of the public and sent to the BBC. Lib Dem Home Affairs spokeswoman Baroness Sue Miller, who has questioned the Home Office about Phorm, <a href="http://tiny.cc/AJ74K" target="_blank">said the e-mails were &#8220;jaw dropping&#8221;</a>. The Home Office had initially denied that it provided &#8220;any advice to Phorm directly relating to possible criminal liability for the operation of their advertising platform in the UK&#8221;.</p>
<blockquote><p>However, e-mail exchanges over a series of months between the department and the firm show the Home Office asking the firm what it thinks of the advice it is drawing up in relation to behavioural targeted advertising, and making specific reference to Phorm&#8217;s technology.</p>
<p>In an e-mail dated August 2007, an unnamed Home Office official wrote to Phorm&#8217;s legal representative and said: &#8220;My personal view accords with yours, that <strong>even if it is &#8220;interception&#8221;, which I am doubtful of, it is lawfully authorised under section 3 by virtue of the user&#8217;s consent obtained in signing up to the ISPs terms and conditions</strong>.&#8221;</p>
<p>In an e-mail dated 22 January 2008, a Home Office official wrote again to Phorm and said: &#8220;I should be grateful if you would review the attached document, and let me know what you think.&#8221;</p>
<p>In January 2008 the Home Office thanks Phorm for comments and changes to its draft paper, which show the company making deletions and changes to the document. The Home Office official wrote to Phorm: &#8220;If we agree this, and this becomes our position do you think your clients and their prospective partners will be comforted?&#8221;</p>
<p>Baroness Sue Miller, Liberal Democrat spokeswoman on Home Affairs, told BBC News: &#8220;My jaw dropped when I saw the Freedom of Information exchanges. The fact the Home Office asks the very company they are worried is actually falling outside the laws whether the draft interpretation of the law is correct is completely bizarre. I couldn&#8217;t be more surprised [that] the very department drawing up policy to protect people&#8217;s privacy is being that cynical. Anything the Home Office now says about Phorm is completely tainted.&#8221;</p>
<p>In a letter to the <em>Guardian</em> responding to an article written by Baroness Miller, Phorm&#8217;s chief executive Kent Ertugrul denied there was any &#8220;collusion&#8221; between the firm and the Home Office. He wrote: &#8220;This is untrue and misrepresents the way in which the British legal system works.&#8221; He said the advice given by the Home Office was &#8220;an informed opinion on ISP-based targeted advertising, but in the United Kingdom it is for the courts to decide what is or is not legal, not the Home Office&#8221;.</p>
<p>Baroness Miller said she was concerned that the Home Office was &#8220;very interested in the technology&#8221; for its own purposes. Jim Killock, executive director of privacy campaigners, the <a href="http://www.openrightsgroup.org/" target="_blank">Open Rights Group</a>, said: &#8220;The Home Office&#8217;s job is to uphold the law: not to reinterpret it for commercial interests. It&#8217;s extraordinary, when you think of the blatant disregard Phorm showed towards UK laws in its secret trials, that this sort of lax attitude should be shown.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>The legal analysis of Phorm also raises a relevant issue with regard to CView: while claiming anonymity within the process, you have to realise that the snooping is embodied not just in the black boxes themselves but also within software <strong>which is not open to inspection</strong>, and they can in any case change that software whenever they wish without anyone’s knowledge. Their claims cannot therefore be verified, and rest entirely on placing trust in a company that is hand-in-glove with the intelligence and law-enforcement communities.</p>
<p>So what can we do? <a href="http://www.writetothem.com/" target="_blank">Write to your MP and MEP</a> asking them to find out if the government is going to uphold your rights to consent before communications are intercepted. Ask if they intend to give powers to the Intercept Commissioner to deal with illegal interception by private companies.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Jak obliczyć rozdzielczość obrazu?]]></title>
<link>http://miroszewski.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/jak-obliczyc-rozdzielczosc-obrazu/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 13:05:41 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>robertkaktus</dc:creator>
<guid>http://miroszewski.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/jak-obliczyc-rozdzielczosc-obrazu/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Z rozdzielczością spotykamy się praktycznie w każdym miejscu internetu, fotografii i grafiki. Ważne ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Z rozdzielczością spotykamy się praktycznie w każdym miejscu internetu, fotografii i grafiki. Ważne jest aby samemu wiedzieć jak oblicza się taką rozdzielczość.</p>
<p>Poniżej przedstawie schemat obliczania takiej rozdzielczości krok po kroku.</p>
<p>Zaczynajmy. A więc na początku musimy &#8220;założyć&#8221; pewne rzeczy:</p>
<p>1 cal = 2,54cm<br />
Rozmiary naszego przykładowego zdjęcia: 18&#215;24 cm<br />
Rozdzielczość jakiej używamy: 300 dpi</p>
<p>Teraz zacznijmy!</p>
<p>1) Obliczamy rozmiar zdjęcia w calach.</p>
<p>18 / 2,54 = 7,08 cala &#124; mamy wys. w calach<br />
24 / 2,54 = 9,45 cala &#124; mamy szer. w calach</p>
<p>2) Obliczamy rozdzielczość.</p>
<p>7,08 cala x 300 dpi = 2124 pikseli &#124; mamy wys. w pikselach<br />
9,45 cala x 300 dpi = 2835 pikseli &#124; mamy szer. w pikselach</p>
<p>Mając już rozdzielczość naszego przykładowego zdjęcia, możemy obliczyć np. rozdzielczość matrycy aparatu, który naświetlił to zdjęcie.</p>
<p>W tym celu po prostu mnożymy szer. razy wys.: 2124 pikseli x 2835 pikseli = 6021540 pikseli ~ 6mln</p>
<p>Proste, prawda?:)</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[MEMAHAMI SATUAN DALAM DUNIA COMPUTER ]]></title>
<link>http://suyitno01.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/memahami-satuan-dalam-dunia-computer/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 07:47:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Suyitno</dc:creator>
<guid>http://suyitno01.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/memahami-satuan-dalam-dunia-computer/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Bit Singkatan dari binary digit (angka biner)- merupakan satuandata terkecil. Nilainya cuma 1 dan 0 ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://www.speedtest.net"><img src="http://www.speedtest.net/result/587698767.png"/></a></p>
<p>Bit</p>
<p>Singkatan dari binary digit (angka biner)- merupakan satuandata terkecil. Nilainya cuma 1 dan 0 walau kelihatannya sederhana, tapi dua angka inilah yang mengalir terus didalam PC, berputar dari processor, Motherboard, chip memory sampai ke perangkat-perangkat penyimpanan data dan output lainnya atau sebaliknya. Bit mengalir sebagai sinyal-sinyal listrik. Ibarat saklar, angka nol berarti off sedangkan angka 1 artinya on. Begitulah, rangkaian data yang jumlahnya miliaran bahkan triliunan bit mengalir bagai orang menekan tombol on/off secara berulang-ulang dan cepat. Akan tetapi, bit punya wujud fisik juga. Pada sebuah CD contohnya, bit tampak sebagai bintik-bintik yang amat kecil pada permukaan disk. Sinar laser CD-ROM drive memungkinkan membaca dan mengubahnya menjadi sinyal listrik yang komputer. Bit biasanya tidak pernah berdiri sendiri. Maknanya baru muncul begitu terdiri dari sejumlah bit. Dalam perhitungan biner ada sejumlah komputer yang dipakai, yaitu sistem 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit dan seterusnya. Dengan sistem itulah komputer membaca, menerjemahkan kembali dan mengolah data angka, huruf, gambar dan sebagainya. Beruntunglah, kita tidak perlu mengetahui semua perhitungan itu untuk menggunakan komputer. Tinggal klak-klik atau ketak-ketik saja. Walau begitu, pemahaman mengenai bit akan sangat berguna untuk memahami berbagai aspek lain dalam komputer.</p>
<p>Byte</p>
<p>Terbentuk dari delapan bit. Sebuah byte merupakan kumpulan bit terkecil yang dapat dimengerti komputer. Sebuah byte mewakili angka desimal dari 0 sampai 255. Byte juga digunakan untuk mewakili huruf-huruf, angka-angka, simbol-simbol lain dalam bentuk ASCII (American Standart Code for Information). Sebagai contoh, bila Anda mengetik huruf A pada keyboard, komputer merekamnya sebagai kode ASCII 65 dan menerjemahkannya dalam perhitungan biner sebagai 01000001 – yang merupakan 1 byte. Data.</p>
<p>Kilobyte</p>
<p>Satu kilobyte data bejumlah begitu bermakna. Sama saja seperti halnya kita mengetik sebuah huruf dalam notepad. Tak ada artinya. Dokumen biasanya tersimpan dalam komputer dengan ukuran kilobyte (KB). Satuan kilo biasanya berarti seribu, tapi satu kilobyte tidak sama dengan 1.000 byte, Komputer kan bekerja dengan sistem biner, maka satu kilobyte sebenarnya sama dengan 1.024 byte. Walau begitu, untuk mudahnya, Anda boleh memperkirakan satu kilobyte sama dengan 1.000 karakter (termasuk spasi). Tulisan ini, misalnya, terdiri dari sekitar 12.000 karakter. Jadi, besarnya dalam komputer sekitar 12 KB.</p>
<p>Megabyte</p>
<p>Diatas kilobyte, kita menemukan satuan megabyte (MB). Orang biasanya menyebutkan “satu mega” saja. satu MB sama dengan 1.024 kilobyte. Dan itu artinya 1 MB sama dengan 1.048.576 byte, bukan sejuta byte. Memory komputer pada umumnya diukur dengan satuan ini. Misalnya, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB dan seterusnya.</p>
<p>Gigabyte</p>
<p>Ukuran penyimpana data di komputer kini tidak lagi menggunakan satuan megabyte. Coba saja periksa harddisak yang ada di pasaran saat ini. Semua sudah menggunakan satuan gigabyte (GB). satuan gigabyte sama dengan 1.024 MB. Diatas satuan ini ada lagi satuan terrabyte (TB) yang sama dengan 1.024 GB. Kapasitas Harddisk diukur dengan GB.</p>
<p>Kilobit</p>
<p>Satuan ini tidaklah sama denga satuan kilobyte. Kilobit (Kb) merupakan satuan ukuran kecepatan transfer data komputer. Satu kilobit sama dengan 1000 bit. Sebuah modem, contohnya, menawarkan kecepatan download maksimum 56 Kb/s. Itu artinya modem tersebut mampu mengantarkan 56 kilobit (56.000 bit) data melalui jalur telephone dalam setiap detiknya. Ambil kalkulator dan coba hitung, kecepatan tersebut sama dengan 6.9 KB/s (kilobyte per second).</p>
<p>Megabit</p>
<p>Dalam jaringan komputer yang besar, kecepatan transfer datanya bisa mencapai satuan ukuran yang lebih besar, yaitu megabit (Mb). Kabel yang digunakan dalam jaringan komputer dikantor contohnya, dapat mengirim dan menerima data sampai 100 Mb/s atau sama dengan seratus juta bit setiap detiknya. Coba lakukan perhitungan kembali. Bahwa kecepatan transfer setinggi itu (100 Mb/s) sama dengan kecepatan 11,9 MB perdetik.</p>
<p>Hertz (Hz)</p>
<p>Hertz sebenarnya adalah nama keluarga dari Heinrich Rudolf, ahli fisika Jerman yang menemukan satuan pengukuran frekuensi radio dan listrik. Begitulah asal satuan Hertz. Satu Hertz (1 Hz) berarti satu putaran gelombang radio per detik. Di dunia komputer, satuan ini juga banyak digunakan. Pada monitor-monitor CRT misalnya, satuan Hz sebenarnya menggambarkan kemampuan me-refresh layar setiap detiknya. Monitor yang menawarkan refresh rate 85 Hz mampu me-refresh gambar pada layar sebanyak 85 kali setiap detik. Hal ini membuat tampilannya terlihat halus dan tidak berkedip.</p>
<p>Megahertz (MHz)</p>
<p>Satu Megahertz berarti satu juta putaran tiap detik. Memang belum ada monitor yang bisa mencapai kecepatan seperti ini, namun lain halnya dengan processor komputer. Kecepatan 1 MHz bagi processor akan terasa amat sangat lambat. Kecepatan processor diukur berdasarkan kemampuannya melakukan kalkulasi dalam sedetik. Pada generasi PC pertama, kecepatan processornya masih menggunakan kecepatan MHz, yaitu 4,77 MHz</p>
<p>Bandingkan dengan rata-rata PC Pentium 4 yang sudah memiliki kecepatan 3,2 GHz atau 3,2 milyar kalkulasi per detik. Tapi janganlah hanya melihat satuan ini untuk melihat kecepatan processor yang sesungguhnya. Sering beberapa processor yang memiliki satuan kecepatan yang lebih rendah dapat mengerjakan perhitungan yang sama dengan lebih cepat, ketimbang processor yang kecepatannya tinggi. Produsen processor memiliki trik-trik tersendiri untuk membuat processornya memiliki performa yang baik, tidak hanya dengan adu kecepatan.</p>
<p>Gigahertz (GHz)</p>
<p>Ada dua bidang di dunia komputer yang menggunakan satuan GHz, yaitu processor dan jaringan nirkabel. Untuk processor, barusan Anda sudah tahu gambarannya kan? Nah dalam jaringan nirkabel, istilah ini biasa dipakai untuk menentukan tingkat spektrum radio yang digunakan. Bluetooth misalnya, menggunakan frekuensi 2,4 GHz. Sedangkan Wi-Fi memakai frekuensi 2,4 GHz sampai 5GHz.</p>
<p>Kecepatan CD-RW Drive</p>
<p>Angka-angka yang tercantum dalam CD-RW drive sering membingungkan orang. Apa sih arti 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 24x, 32x dan seterusnya? Patokannya sebenarnya gampang saja. Kalikan saja angka perkalian tersebut dengan angka 150 KB per detik. Nilai itu merupakan kecepatan drive yang pertama kali Cek dengan kalkulator Anda. CD-RW drive berkecepatan 2x mampu menulis dengan kecepatan 300 KB per detik, sedangkan drive dengan kecepatan 52x mampu menulis hingga 7.800 KB/detik. Tapi angka perkalian pada CD-RW drive tidak hanya satu, ada tiga angka, rumusnya: Kecepatan baca x kecepatan tulis (CD-R) x kecepatan rewrite (CD-RW) x. CD-RW drive dengan kecepatan 48 x 32 x 16 misalnya, mampu membaca dengan kecepatan 48x, menulis dengan kecepatan 32x, dan memiliki kemampuan rewrite 16x.</p>
<p>Kecepatan DVD Drive</p>
<p>DVD-RW drive memang lebih cepat. Angka dasar untuk mengetahui tingkat kecepatan DVD drive adalah 1.358 KB per detik. Jadi, kalikan saja kecepatan DVD dengan angka tersebut. Drive yang beredar di pasaran kebanyakan berkecepatan 16x. Artinya, berkecepatan sekitar 22.160 KB per detik. Sayangnya, aturan di pasar DVD-RW drive memang tidak sejelas CD-RW drive. Anda tidak dapat melihat potensial untuk membaca, menulis, dan rewrite hanya dengan sekilas. Yang juga membingungkan, sebagian besar DVD drive juga dapat merekam CD-R dan CD-RW. Beberapa model terbaru malah dapat merekam ke berbagai standar DVD. Walau begitu, kalau Anda telaten membaca keterangan didalamnya, info seperti itu mestinya tersedia.</p>
<p>Kecepatan Harddisk (rpm)</p>
<p>Singkatan rpm (revolution per minute) pada harddisk menentukan kecepatan putar pelat magnetiknya. Semakin tinggi nilai rpm, semakin cepat pula putaran pelat disk. Hal ini berpengaruh pada nilai transfer data. Dengan kata lain, seberapa cepat data dapat dibaca dan ditulis pada disk tersebut. Biasanya, sebuah harddisk PC berputar pada kecepatan 5.400 rpm, dan tingkat kecepatan ini sebenarnya lebih dari cukup. Walau begitu, Anda bisa juga membeli harddisk dengan kecepatan 7.200 rpm. Peningkatan kecepatan ini memang memberikan sedikit peningkatan kinerja. Kalau mau, Anda juga bisa membeli model 10.000 rpm, tetapi harganya memang relatif mahal.</p>
<p>Kecepatan Printer (ppm)</p>
<p>Para vendor printer biasanya menawarkan kecepatan pencetakan printernya. Satuan yang biasa dipakai untuk menggambarkan hal itu adalah paper per minute alias ppm. Gampangnya, semakin besar nilai ppm, maka semakin cepatlah printer tersebut. Ppm sendiri sebenarnya hanya efektif untuk menggambarkan kecepatan text. Begitu ada unsur gambar atau grafik dalam dokumen, kecepatannya biasanya langsung turun. Apalagi bila kita mencetak foto pada printer inkjet, nilai ppm benar-benar tidak bisa diharapkan. Sebaliknya, kecepatan cetak foto biasanya diukur dalam hitungan menit. Apapun printernya, kecepatan pencetakan sebenarnya juga berhubungan dengan kecepatan komputer itu sendiri.</p>
<p>Frame per detik (fps)</p>
<p>Apa yang penting kita perhatikan dari spesifikasi sebuah kartu grafis? Lihatlah nilai frames per second (fps) yang ditawarkannya. Makin tinggi fps atau frame-ratenya, maka semakin haluslah gerakan pada layar. Dalam sebuah game, kemampuan frame-rate kartu grafis menjadi sangat penting, mengingat game memang merupakan gambar yang terus bergerak. Kalau gamenya sederhana sih, kartu grafis dengan fps yang biasa saja tidak akan menjadi masalah. Tapi cobalah mainkan game 3D, kartu grafis dengan fps yang tinggi akan menunjukkan keunggulannya. Saat memainkan video, nilai fps juga sangat menentukan tingkat kehalusan tampian video. Kartu grafis dengan nilai fps rendah bisa membuat tampilan video terlihat patah-patah. Begini saja, kuncinya carilah kartu grafis dengan nilai fps dia atas 30 fps. Kalau bisa, carilah dengan nilai yang paling tinggi, apalagi Anda doyan main game 3D.</p>
<p>Dot per inch (dpi)</p>
<p>Kualitas hasil cetak printer dan kemampuan scaner dalam menangkap gambar biasa ditunjukan dengan nilai dot per inch (dpi). Nilai ini menunjukkan seberapa banyak titik pada satu inch persegi. Tapi kenyataannya istilah ini seolah-olah kehilangan arti pentingnya. Kemampuan sebuah printer untuk menghasilkan begitu banyak titik pada setiap inch sebenarnya bukan patokan kualitas hasil cetak. Ragam tinta, ukuran droplet (titik tinta), teknik semprot, serta kualitas kertas berkonstribusi langsung pada tampilan akhirnya. Begitu pula halnya dengan scaner. Sebuah scaner dengan resolusi 9.600 dpi contohnya, mungkin hanya bisa menangkap informasi gambar sekitar 600 dpi saja. Waspadai, tingginya nilai dpi bisa jadi merupakan hasil interpolasi digital dan bukan karena kemampuan sebenarnya.</p>
<p>Pixel</p>
<p>Pixel merupakan kependekan dari picture element. Satuan ini banyak digunakan pada monitor, baik LCD maupun CRT. Gambar-gambar yang Anda lihat pada monitor kenyataannya terbuat dari ribuan (bahkan jutaan) titik kecil yang berwarna, itulah yang dinamakan pixel. Hal ini biasa ditentukan oleh resolusi kartu grafisnya. Kartu grafis yang dapat menghasilkan resolusi layar 1.600 x 1.200 pixel, contohnya, akan menghasilkan 1.920.000 pixel. Resolusi sebesar itu terbilang cukup rapat dan halus. Resolusi layar monitor CRT biasanya lebih fleksibel, sementara monitor TFT lebih terbatas.</p>
<p>Ukuran point</p>
<p>Point atau pt menunjukkan ukuran cetak suatu jenis font. Dalam pencetakan modern, tinggi satu point biasanya sama dengan 1/72 inch (0.0138 inch atau 0.35 mm). Karena itu, font dengan ukuran itu sudah termasuk ruang untuk tipe huruf yang menjulur keatas (seperti ‘f’), ke bawah (seperti ‘p’).</p>
<p>Megapixel</p>
<p>Istilah megapixel sering dipakai dalam kamera digital. Satu megapixel sama dengan satu juta pixel, menunjukkan kemampuan kamera dalam menangkap detil obyek yang difoto. Asumsinya, sebuah kamera dengan kemampuan dua megapixel akan menangkap gambar yang lebih detil ketimbang kamera digital satu megapixel. Tetapi, resolusi sebenarnya hanya salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kamera digital. Kualitas yang sebenarnya juga sangat penting adalah kemampuan lensanya itu sendiri. Tapi hati-hati mencerna spesifikasi kamera digital. Klim dua megapixel misalnya, bisa saja sebenarnya hanya mampu mengambil resolusi sampai 1.600 x 1.200 pixel, yang artinya sama dengan 80.000 pixel. Jauh betul dari angka yang digembar-gemborkannya kan? Faktor penyebabnya bisa bermacam-macam. Yang jelas, ada juga yang secara jujur mengungkapkan bahwa angka itu merupakan hasil interpolasi atau pengatrolan warna belaka.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Desktop Publishing Image Resolution:  DPI, PPI]]></title>
<link>http://gwendifference.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/desktop-publishing-image-resolution-dpi-lpi-ppi-spi/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 18:19:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Gwen Difference</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gwendifference.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/desktop-publishing-image-resolution-dpi-lpi-ppi-spi/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It can be quite mind boggling to figure out what all the terms mean in regard to image resolution, l]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>It can be quite mind boggling to figure out what all the terms mean in regard to image resolution, let alone figure out what is best used for your purpose. I’ve written this little article to help clarify things, so that you can work with confidence.  </p>
<p><strong>DEFINING IMAGE RESOLUTION</strong></p>
<p>So how do we define “image resolution”?  Well it refers to how crisp and clear or fuzzy and undefined an image will appear in any given format.  Whether you want to share images via email or print digital pictures of your latest vacation, it all comes down to a matter of how many pixels, or lines, or dots appear per square inch on your screen, or sheet of paper. The number of dots per square inch is called DPI.  The number of lines per inch, is LPI, or pixels per inch is PPI, or samples per inch is SPI. This article focuses on the more common ones: DPI and PPI.</p>
<p><strong>PRINT MEDIA</strong></p>
<p>As a rule of thumb, you will want to use higher resolutions for print media that you will use for online media.  Typically, the higher the resolution, the higher quality of the image you will see in print. The lowest resolution you will typically use for digital media you intent to print is 200 PPI (Pixels Per Inch).  However, it is more common for print media to be set at a much higher resolution, such as 300 PPI or more.  Another rule of thumb to follow:  the higher the resolution of your image, the larger the file size of that image.  So the same image set to 72 PPI in one version, and 600 PPI in another version, will have very different file sizes. This of course, affects issues of storage space on your hard drive.  Another rule of thumb to follow with print media is to pay attention to the resolution of the printer that will be used for your particular print job.  If your printer can handle 600 DPI (Dots Per Inch), then it is a good idea to create images set to that resolution, as the images will come out far more crisp and clear than at a lower resolution.  The file size may be massive for each higher resolution image, but the quality of the printed image may be worth it for your project.  This is especially true if you are printing images of your art or photography on specialty papers in a large format such as 11”x14” or bigger. Keep in mind: if you have saved your image at 600 PPI, but your printer can only handle 300 DPI, your higher PPI image will be wasted on it.  If you already know you will print at a lower resolution printer, create a file set to the DPI of that printer. I typically call ahead to print houses and ask about the DPI of their machines prior to saving files and sending them to the print-house.  </p>
<p><strong>ELECTRONIC MEDIA</strong></p>
<p>Whether you are using a Windows operating system, or a Mac, the typical computer monitor’s display will show between 72 – 96 PPI.  Computers display clearly enough at these lower resolutions. However, printing an image from the online version, you will notice a remarkable size difference, as well as the possibility of a lower quality image in the printed version. This is quite typical if your printer is set to 300 DPI, and your image downloaded from the web set at 72 PPI. If you are working mainly with creating images for online or onscreen presentation, sticking to the lower file size and lower resolution is a good idea.  However, you should consider making version sets of images that need to appear in both online and print formats. In my own graphics experience, I have clients who want corporate identity made, plus an online presence. That being the case, I often create two version sets of their logos for example, so that one set is good to go for their web needs, and another for their business cards, and brochures. </p>
<p><strong>FOR FURTHER READING &#8211; ONLINE</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://designer-info.com/Writing/image_resolution.htm">Designer Info.com:  Image Resolution</a></p>
<p><strong>RECOMMENDED BOOK</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1581152507/metafilter-20/ref=nosim/">“The Elements of Graphic Design: Space, Unity, Page Architecture, and Type”</a><br />
by Alexander W. White. His book will help you to understand basic principles of great page design.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Services anticipated on the Open Source Application Delivery Controller]]></title>
<link>http://openadc.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/services-anticipated-on-the-open-source-application-delivery-controller/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 04:08:11 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mudit70</dc:creator>
<guid>http://openadc.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/services-anticipated-on-the-open-source-application-delivery-controller/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Traditionally when we think of application delivery controllers, and what goes on them, traditional ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Traditionally when we think of application delivery controllers, and what goes on them, traditional services such as  those listed below come to mind.</p>
<p>1. Loadbalancers</p>
<p>2. SSL offload</p>
<p>3. XML offload</p>
<p>4. Asymmetric application acceleration</p>
<p>5. Traffic tracing</p>
<p>The openADC platform will allow developers from the user and consultant community to write services as they see fit, and whenever they need them.  With this in mind we look into the crystal ball and come up with this list of services we anticipate.  This is just a start, and we will keep adding to the list.  Here it is:</p>
<p>1) End to end transaction monitoring, which includes database and other back end transaction monitoring.</p>
<p>2) Data Leakage monitoring and enforcement.</p>
<p>3) Compliance related monitoring and enforcement.</p>
<p>4) Auto-encryption of sensitive information while it is being transmitted.</p>
<p>5) Application usage pattern discovery.</p>
<p>6)Application performance monitoring, proactive degradation sensors and alerts.</p>
<p>7) Web Application Firewalling.</p>
<p> <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif' alt='8)' class='wp-smiley' /> Flexible programmable Deep Packet Inspection engine.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Quali materiali inviare all'agenzia?]]></title>
<link>http://sintesicomunicazione.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/quali-materiali-inviare-allagenzia/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 10:23:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Federico</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sintesicomunicazione.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/quali-materiali-inviare-allagenzia/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Una delle operazioni più frequenti in uno studio grafico o in un&#8217;agenzia di pubblicità consist]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-281" title="Sunflower 72" src="http://sintesicomunicazione.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/sunflower-72.jpg" alt="I formati dei file grafici" width="86" height="103" /></p>
<p>Una delle operazioni più frequenti in uno studio grafico o in un&#8217;agenzia di pubblicità consiste nell&#8217;inserire in un impaginato (ad esempio una brochure) marchi, disegni, immagini, ecc. Molto spesso capita di ricevere dai clienti materiali (fotografie, charts, disegni cad, illustrazioni o testi) che i grafici dovranno poi inserire negli impaginati che ci sono stati commissionati. Non sempre, però, i materiali inviati dal cliente rispettano le condizioni minime per ottenere il risultato ottimale in fase di esecutivo.<br />
Un file corretto snellisce il lavoro dell&#8217;agenzine e dà ottimi risultati in fase di stampa. Scopri come su<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:xx-small;"> <a title="I formati di file grafici" href="http://www.sintesicomunicazione.it" target="_blank">www.sintesicomunicazione.it</a></span></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[CHẤM THI TRẮC NGHIỆM CH&Iacute;NH X&Aacute;C &amp; HIỆU QUẢ HƠN VỚI M&Aacute;Y QU&Eacute;T KODAK]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/cham-thi-trac-nghiem-chinh-xac-hieu-qua-hon-voi-may-quet-kodak/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2009 02:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/cham-thi-trac-nghiem-chinh-xac-hieu-qua-hon-voi-may-quet-kodak/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ngày nay xu hướng chấm thi trắc nghiệm tự động giúp cho các trường tiết kiệm được rất nhiều thời gia]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Ngày nay xu hướng chấm thi trắc nghiệm tự động giúp cho các trường tiết kiệm được rất nhiều thời gia]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[D&ograve;ng m&aacute;y qu&eacute;t Kodak i1200 series (Kodak i1210 &amp; Kodak i1220)]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/dong-may-quet-kodak-i1200-series-kodak-i1210-kodak-i1220/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 03:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/dong-may-quet-kodak-i1200-series-kodak-i1210-kodak-i1220/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Máy quét Kodak i1200 series bao gồm 02 dòng máy Kodak i1210 với khả năng quét 1 mặt, Kodak i1220 với]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Máy quét Kodak i1200 series bao gồm 02 dòng máy Kodak i1210 với khả năng quét 1 mặt, Kodak i1220 với]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[D&ograve;ng m&aacute;y scan Kodak i1200 Plus &ndash; Chi ph&iacute; hợp l&yacute; cho c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c chấm thi trắc nghiệm]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/dong-may-scan-kodak-i1200-plus-chi-phi-hop-ly-cho-cong-tac-cham-thi-trac-nghiem/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 16:37:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/dong-may-scan-kodak-i1200-plus-chi-phi-hop-ly-cho-cong-tac-cham-thi-trac-nghiem/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1 Công suất quét ngày 3,000 tờ/ngày 2 Tốc độ quét (ở độ phân giải 200dpi, khổ giấy thẳng đứng) Trắng]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[1 Công suất quét ngày 3,000 tờ/ngày 2 Tốc độ quét (ở độ phân giải 200dpi, khổ giấy thẳng đứng) Trắng]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[M&aacute;y scan Kodak i1300 Plus d&agrave;nh cho việc chấm thi trắc nghiệm]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/my-scan-kodak-i1300-plus-danh-cho-viec-cham-thi-trac-nghiem/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 15:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/my-scan-kodak-i1300-plus-danh-cho-viec-cham-thi-trac-nghiem/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1 Công suất quét ngày 5,000 tờ/ngày 2 Tốc độ quét (ở độ phân giải 200dpi, khổ giấy thẳng đứng) Trắng]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[1 Công suất quét ngày 5,000 tờ/ngày 2 Tốc độ quét (ở độ phân giải 200dpi, khổ giấy thẳng đứng) Trắng]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Film vs. digital - quo vadis photography?]]></title>
<link>http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/film-vs-digital-quo-vadis-photography/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 12:11:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rothfranz</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/film-vs-digital-quo-vadis-photography/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Digital versus Film Selbst im professionellen Sektor ist diese Debatte noch nicht zu Ende: Weiter au]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_1838" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 460px"><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/digital_film.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1838" title="DIGITAL_FILM" src="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/digital_film.jpg" alt="Digital versus Film" width="450" height="176" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Digital versus Film</p></div>
<p>Selbst im professionellen Sektor ist diese Debatte noch nicht zu Ende: Weiter auf Film fotografieren oder nur noch digital.</p>
<div id="attachment_2649" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 459px"><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/nikon-d2h-f4-22_11_2009-franz-016.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-2649" title="NIKON-D2H-F4-22_11_2009-FRANZ 016" src="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/nikon-d2h-f4-22_11_2009-franz-016.jpg" alt="" width="449" height="339" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Nikon F4 (links) und Nikon D2H (rechts) - analog vs. digital</p></div>
<p>Längst keine Diskussion mehr im Bereich der aktuellen Nachrichtenfotografie. Hier zählt die Schnelligkeit. Aber im Stockfotobereich kann Film durchaus noch eine Alternative sein. Denn professionelle digitale SLR-Kameras sind nicht gerade preiswert. Schon gar nicht die, mit den zig Megapixeln. Um nur ein Beispiel zu nennen: meine Nikon D2H hat als Vorführgerät so ziemlich das in Euro gekostet, was 1990 meine F4-E (auch ein Vorführgerät) in DM kostete. Sie war mehr als dreimal so teuer wie damals eine Nikon F2 mit Motor MD-2!</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/gGLk9BfaNEw&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/gGLk9BfaNEw&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Dann kommt da noch eine ganz andere banale finanzielle Überlegung hinzu: man hat funktionsfähige und robuste Werkzeuge, für die man einmal viel Geld bezahlt hat. Will man die heute verkaufen, dann kriegt man kaum noch was dafür. Man muß nur mal reinschauen bei ebay, wie dort solche Gerätschaften geradezu verramscht werden. Sicher, wenn du Profi bist, dann sind die Kameras längst abgeschrieben. Aber &#8230; </p>
<div id="attachment_1844" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 460px"><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/analog.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1844" title="ANALOG" src="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/analog.jpg" alt="Analoge Profi-SLR's und Dias" width="450" height="197" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Analoge Profi-SLR&#39;s und Dias</p></div>
<p>Die D2H hat mal gerade 4,1 Megapixel. Da hat selbst eine Coolpix P5000 mehr. Das reicht zwar dicke für mehr als 90% aller möglichen Verwendungen meiner Bilder.  Im Zeitungsdruck allemal selbst für größere Formate. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HAUS/PRESSE/FR-2008-C-9458.JPG"><img class="aligncenter" title="FAZ" src="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HAUS/PRESSE/FR-2008-C-9458.JPG" alt="" width="450" /></a></p>
<p>Und auch in Zeitschriften und Magazinen verlangt die übliche Abbildungsgröße nicht nach mehr.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HAUS/PRESSE/FR-2008-C-9819.JPG"><img class="aligncenter" title="Schuldturm" src="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HAUS/PRESSE/FR-2008-C-9819.JPG" alt="" width="450" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/konzept/A_2009/FR-2009-C-11340.JPG"><img class="aligncenter" title="TV14" src="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/konzept/A_2009/FR-2009-C-11340.JPG" alt="" width="450" /></a></p>
<p><em>An der Stelle mal ein &#8220;Retro-View&#8221;: vor der Zeit der digitalen Bilddateien habe ich meine Abnehmer keisewegs nur mit 18&#215;24-Abzügen beliefert. Das war nur mal ganz früher bei SW-Fotos so. Farb-Prints gingen im 13&#215;18-Format an die Presse raus (angefertigt im Schnell-Labor, in einer Stunde waren bei Photo Porst hier in Nürnberg der Film entwickelt und die Prints fertig!). Da war auch der Preis der Grund dafür. Und auch das konnte größer als lediglich als &#8220;Briefmarke&#8221; gedruckt werden. Siehe z.B. nachstehende Publikation mit einem Abdruckformat über zwei Spalten in einer Zeitschrift.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HISTORY/FR-2008-C-8298.JPG"><img class="aligncenter" title="Gegirnwäsche" src="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HISTORY/FR-2008-C-8298.JPG" alt="" width="450" /></a></p>
<p>Anders sieht es da aber schon im Hochglanz-Buchdruck aus &#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/konzept/A_2009/FR-2009-C-10837.JPG"><img class="aligncenter" title="Buch" src="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/konzept/A_2009/FR-2009-C-10837.JPG" alt="" width="450" /></a></p>
<p>&#8230; da sind bereits höhere Auflösungen selbst für eine Viertelseite gefragt. Also doch eine D3 kaufen? Nie und nimmer nicht! Ich wüßte nicht, wie ich die bezahlen sollte. Wenn man sich mal überlegt, daß die Honorare im Fotosektor seit 20 Jahren nahezu unverändert sind. Eher rückläufig. Man denke nur an Microstock-Agenturen, bei denen sich durchaus auch die Größen der Verlagshäuser bedienen. </p>
<p>Alternative? Eben auf Film fotografieren, statt der D-SLR in einen &#8211; guten &#8211; Scanner investieren, der im Regelfall dennoch preiswerter ist als die Super-Megapixel-Reflex? Dias oder Negative mit 5.000 Pixeln lange Seite digitalisieren. Sehr arbeitsaufwendig. Sehr zeitraubend. Aber rentiert sich die unter viel Aufwand produzierte Qualität noch? Im Zeitalter von Microstock. Dem allgegenwärtigen, von einer Vielzahl von Fotografen - insbesondere Amateuren &#8211; bedienten Konkurrenten?</p>
<p>Ich persönlich habe mir die Nachtschichten am Scanner seit mehr als drei Jahren abgewöhnt. Zu viel Aufwand. Denn, wie gesagt, für 90 Prozent meiner Bildverwendungen reicht die D2H. Und es ist schlußendlich auch eine Raumfrage. Denn das analoge Bildmaterial muß archiviert werden (und eine Viertelmillion Dias und Negative habe ich mindestens im Archiv) und das digitalisierte Material dann noch zusätzlich.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HISTORY/FR-2009-C-10672.JPG"><img class="aligncenter" title="Bildarchiv" src="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HISTORY/FR-2009-C-10672.JPG" alt="" width="450" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/HISTORY/HISTORY1.html" target="_blank">Meine eigene Zukunft</a> ist daher nur noch digital. Meine &#8220;alten&#8221; Arbeitsgeräte sind &#8220;eingemottet&#8221; und <a href="http://www.franz-roth-presse.de/A__SALES/__SALES.html" target="_blank">stehen zum Verkauf</a>. Ich kenne aber Kollegen, die parallel auch immer noch auf Film fotografieren. Und auch welche, die nur auf Film fotografieren.</p>
<p><strong><em>Drum Frage und Diskussionsanstoß: Wie sieht&#8217;s allgemein so aus damit? Hat er eine Zukunft, der Silberhalogenidfilm?</em></strong></p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/84QTkftu_1s&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/84QTkftu_1s&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p><em>Quo vadis photography? Ein Plädoyer für die Nikon D2H. Bekenntnis eines Pressefotografen gegen die Megapixel-Hype. Warum man seine analogen Geräte nicht einfach auf den Müll schmeißen oder zu Dumping-Preisen verhökern muß. Als hochqualitatives &#8220;Zweitgerät&#8221; weiter in Betrieb. Für all die Motive, bei denen es nicht auf die Schnelligkeit ankommt, die Bilder gleich verfügbar zu haben. Denn mit einem guten Scanner holt man aus Dias und Negativen gut und gerne 15 Megapixel!</em></p>
<p><strong>Related Articles:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/06/10/quo-vadis-fotojournalismus/">Quo vadis Fotojournalismus</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/06/15/fotografen-alltag-der-ganz-normale-wahnsinn/">Fotografenalltag &#8211; der ganz normale Wahnsinn</a></li>
<li><a href="http://borderline-press.blogspot.com/search?q=n%C3%A4hk%C3%A4stchen" target="_blank">Aus dem Nähkästchen geplaudert</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/05/25/outdoor-photography-hat-viele-facetten/">Outdoor-Fotografie hat viele Facetten</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/06/01/der-garten-paparazzo/">Der Garten-Paparazzo</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/08/18/neues-vom-garten-paparazzo/">Neues vom Garten-Paparazzo</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/08/13/film-und-lange-brennweite-was-tun-gegen-verwackeln-tipps-fur-filmer-und-fotografen/">Tipps gegen Verwackeln</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/08/11/in-eigener-sache-we-do-nature-photography-and-nature-film/">Naturfotografie und -film</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/08/19/fotografie-oder-film-was-ist-die-zukunft/">Fotografie oder Film?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/07/05/action-fotos-im-makrobereich/">Action-Fotos im Macro-Bereich</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/die-muhen-des-naturfotografen/">Die Mühen des Naturfotografen</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rothfranz.wordpress.com/2009/03/26/mal-n-bischen-technik-kram/">Mal &#8216;n bißchen Technik-Kram</a></li>
<li><a href="http://borderline-press.blogspot.com/2009/05/footage-videos-vertriebswege.html" target="_blank">Footage &#8211; Videos &#8211; Vertriebswege</a></li>
</ul>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[KODAK SCANMATE i1120 &ndash; M&Aacute;Y QU&Eacute;T ĐA NĂNG CHO VĂN PH&Ograve;NG HIỆN ĐẠI]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/kodak-scanmate-i1120-may-quet-da-nang-cho-van-phong-hien-dai/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 03:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/kodak-scanmate-i1120-may-quet-da-nang-cho-van-phong-hien-dai/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[KODAK SCANMATE i1120 – MÁY QUÉT ĐA NĂNG CHO VĂN PHÒNG HIỆN ĐẠI Máy quét Scanmate i1120 của Kodak giú]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[KODAK SCANMATE i1120 – MÁY QUÉT ĐA NĂNG CHO VĂN PHÒNG HIỆN ĐẠI Máy quét Scanmate i1120 của Kodak giú]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[M&Aacute;Y SCAN KODAK &ndash; LỰA CHỌN H&Agrave;NG ĐẦU TR&Ecirc;N TO&Agrave;N THẾ GIỚI]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/may-scan-kodak-lua-chon-hang-dau-tren-toan-the-gioi/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 03:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/may-scan-kodak-lua-chon-hang-dau-tren-toan-the-gioi/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Thông tin liên hệ Huân Nguyễn – DI Email: nnhuan@dsgvietnam.com Tel: 094 989 5656]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Thông tin liên hệ Huân Nguyễn – DI Email: nnhuan@dsgvietnam.com Tel: 094 989 5656]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Kodak ch&iacute;nh thức ra mắt d&ograve;ng m&aacute;y qu&eacute;t Kodak Plus với hiệu suất vượt trội]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/kodak-chinh-thuc-ra-mat-dong-may-quet-kodak-plus-voi-hieu-suat-vuot-troi/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 06:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/kodak-chinh-thuc-ra-mat-dong-may-quet-kodak-plus-voi-hieu-suat-vuot-troi/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Với giá thành không đổi, dòng máy quét Kodak i1200 Plus và Kodak i1300 Plus cải thiện đáng kể năng s]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Với giá thành không đổi, dòng máy quét Kodak i1200 Plus và Kodak i1300 Plus cải thiện đáng kể năng s]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[M&Aacute;Y QU&Eacute;T KODAK, SỰ LỰA CHỌN Đ&Aacute;NG TIN CẬY CHO VĂN PH&Ograve;NG]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/may-quet-kodak-su-lua-chon-dang-tin-cay-cho-van-phong/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 05:50:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/may-quet-kodak-su-lua-chon-dang-tin-cay-cho-van-phong/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Công ty Giải Pháp Số Toàn Cầu (DSG Việt Nam) là nhà phân phối chính thức máy quét Kodak tại Việt Nam]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Công ty Giải Pháp Số Toàn Cầu (DSG Việt Nam) là nhà phân phối chính thức máy quét Kodak tại Việt Nam]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[M&Aacute;Y QU&Eacute;T KODAK &ndash; TRỢ THỦ ĐẤC LỰC CHO XU HƯỚNG SỐ H&Oacute;A T&Agrave;I LIỆU HIỆN NAY]]></title>
<link>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/may-quet-kodak-tro-thu-dac-luc-cho-xu-huong-so-hoa-tai-lieu-hien-nay/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 05:37:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Huân Nguyễn - 0909 00 99 35</dc:creator>
<guid>http://officceautomation.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/may-quet-kodak-tro-thu-dac-luc-cho-xu-huong-so-hoa-tai-lieu-hien-nay/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Nếu bạn đang lưu trữ khá nhiều tài liệu cũ ở dạng sách, báo, giấy tờ viết tay&#8230; và luôn thấp th]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Nếu bạn đang lưu trữ khá nhiều tài liệu cũ ở dạng sách, báo, giấy tờ viết tay&#8230; và luôn thấp th]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Printing, Matting, &amp; Framing]]></title>
<link>http://30dayslater.wordpress.com/2009/10/05/printing-matting-framing/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2009 04:57:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>inspireme</dc:creator>
<guid>http://30dayslater.wordpress.com/2009/10/05/printing-matting-framing/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[On preparing a piece for a show- this is what I learned from my experience. Go with a standard size ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>On preparing a piece for a show- this is what I learned from my experience.</p>
<ol>
<li>Go with a standard size frame if it could work</li>
<li>Get a frame with matting especially for non-standard sized frames</li>
<li>Bring the frame to your print shop to avoid having to go back when something doesn&#8217;t fit right</li>
<li>Print slightly larger than the mat opening to avoid unprinted paper showing</li>
<li>clean the frame glass for a streak free clean look</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Getting the frame:</strong><br />
As I have never really given any consideration towards framing anything, I did not know standard frames were mostly rectangular. I&#8217;ve read online that it is vastly cheaper to use a standard sized frame and mat, obviously given that they are abundant and readily available.</p>
<p>Well, I had envisioned my piece to be square, and I wanted it to be about 20&#215;20.<br />
It took a while to find but I found a couple. New frames are pricey, so I went to a flea market and a recycle shop and saved some money <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
I made sure I got one with a mat- especially given that 20&#215;20 is not a standard size.</p>
<p><strong>Rethinking the matting:</strong><br />
Given that cheaper frames typically do not come with matting, and that not so standard sized matting were not available, I did some research to see if I can attempt to cut my own mat.<br />
The short answer I gave myself after minimal research was a big NO.<br />
First of all, the window is cut at a slant. And secondly, the mats are pricey when they are not the standard size.<br />
The trouble of thinking about matting for me was too much of a pain for me, I would say I would pay the extra cost added to the frame with a mat than deal with matting separately unless all you need is a standard sized mat which is not expensive nor hard to find.</p>
<p><strong>Considering no matting:</strong><br />
There is no doubt in my mind that matting makes a piece look better. Matting to me states:</p>
<blockquote><p>my print is important enough that it should not touch the glass. </p></blockquote>
<p>Also it gives the piece a little more dimension, that little embossed matting to me makes it look a little more special.</p>
<p><strong>Printing:</strong><br />
What you see on the screen is not what you get out of the printer.<br />
First off, a piece looks good at 72 dpi on the monitor but:<br />
A piece will look good at maybe 250 dpi printed, I am not sure if more is better per se, but I went with 300 dpi</p>
<p>Secondly, a piece looks brighter on screen than printed:<br />
Fix the contrast and make it brighter than you would like, otherwise you&#8217;ll get a darker print</p>
<p>Paper consideration&#8230; glossy, matte, texture&#8230; I am not very sure how much of a difference this makes, aside from the glossy, matte choice.</p>
<p><strong>Putting it all together:</strong><br />
Was a relief, that I got it done. Hurray!</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[When It Comes to Net Neutrality, the Future of Filtering Is Up for Debate]]></title>
<link>http://gigaom.com/2009/10/05/when-it-comes-to-net-neutrality-the-future-of-filtering-is-up-for-debate/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2009 00:02:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Paul Sweeting</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gigaom.com/2009/10/05/when-it-comes-to-net-neutrality-the-future-of-filtering-is-up-for-debate/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The FCC has yet to issue a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) formally kicking off the process of ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img src="http://gigaom.wordpress.com/files/2009/06/600px-us-fcc-seal-svg2.png?w=168" alt="600px-US-FCC-Seal.svg" title="600px-US-FCC-Seal.svg" width="120" height="120" class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-54069" />The FCC has yet to issue a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) formally kicking off the process of writing and promulgating <a href="http://gigaom.com/2009/09/21/fcc-outlines-its-net-neutrality-proposal/">net neutrality regulations</a>, but the battle over the scope of the new rules is already well underway within media and technology circles in Washington, D.C. At the Future of Music Coalition <a href="http://futureofmusic.org/events/future-music-policy-summit-2009">Policy Summit </a>on the campus of Georgetown University on Monday, for example, panelists clashed over whether the agency will or should allow, or even mandate, the use of deep packet inspection (DPI) and other invasive techniques to block the illegal transfer of copyrighted content over broadband networks.<!--more--></p>
<p>&#8220;The devil is certainly going to be in the details,&#8221; Hal Ponder, director of government affairs for the American Federation of Musicians, said. &#8220;I don&#8217;t know if there&#8217;s a technical solution but I think everything needs to be explored, including filtering, because we do want to see artists&#8217; work protected.&#8221; The AFM officially supports the principle of net neutrality, Ponder said, but insists that any new regulation permit the use of technical measures to protect copyright.</p>
<p>But there were numerous skeptics of filtering, the loudest being Harold Feld, legal director of Public Knowledge, a non-profit public interest group that has frequently sparred with copyright interests. The problem, he said, is that there&#8217;s a culture of user behavior and there&#8217;s a culture of regulatory behavior, and the two are completely disconnected. &#8220;If you introduce filtering, or require filtering, people will find a way around the filtering,&#8221; he explained. &#8220;They&#8217;ll start encrypting content so the filters can&#8217;t detect it, or they&#8217;ll find some other way. Then you&#8217;ll have people coming to Washington saying we need to make it illegal to find a way around the filters and that somehow that will solve the problem. That&#8217;s exactly what we did in 1998 when we passed the [Digital Millennium Copyright Act], which made it illegal to get around DRM. Does anyone think piracy disappeared in 1998?&#8221;</p>
<p>The real issue, Feld insisted, is not whether copyrighted works should be protected against piracy, but whether users of digital networks should be subjected to the sort of intimate and intrusive monitoring of their behavior that filtering would require. &#8220;How comfortable would you being having someone listen in to all of your phone conversations?&#8221; he asked. &#8220;Because that&#8217;s really what you&#8217;re talking about with DPI: someone listening in on everything you do online and monitoring your behavior.&#8221;</p>
<p>In a brief keynote address, FCC chairman Julius Genachowski himself shed little light on how &#8212; or even if &#8212; the agency will address the use of DPI or filtering. &#8220;Openness and respect for copyright can and must coexist,&#8221; he said, reiterating <a href="http://www.openinternet.gov/read-speech.html"> comments </a> he made to the Brookings Institution two weeks ago. But he said nothing about how the FCC will seek to balance those priorities.</p>
<p>Daniel Klein, media accounts director for London-based cyber-security firm the <a href="http://www.detica.com/">Detica Group</a>, cautioned that banning the use of DPI would be counterproductive, arguing there are parts of the technology that are incredibly useful. Ultimately, Klein said, the question of filtering isn&#8217;t technological, but behavorial. &#8220;The day we start blocking [content] people will change their behavior. They&#8217;ll start encrypting or whatever. Encryption is a very real fear. If you want to affect piracy you really have to focus on the behavior.&#8221;</p>
<p>According to Klein, less is known about aggregate online behavior than could or should be, in part because firms such as Detica Group that could measure it fear being drawn into a dispute over filtering. &#8220;Nobody in the world is measuring what is actually going down the pipe because they&#8217;re terrified of the filtering side of the debate,&#8221; he said. &#8220;The truth is that could provide very valuable information to the industry and to artists about what people are really doing with the content so that they might be able to respond in some way other than filtering. You really need to separate the question of measurement from the question of how you respond.&#8221;</p>
<p>Whether the FCC will be able to keep those issues separate in setting net neutrality rules no one yet knows. The agency plans to publish its NPRM in the Federal Register later this month.</p>
<p><em>Paul Sweeting writes <a href="http://themediawonk.com/">The Media Wonk</a> blog and is author of an upcoming report on the e-book market for <a href="http://pro.gigaom.com/">GigaOM Pro</a>.</em></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Ukuran Berkas Citra JPG Untuk Blog?]]></title>
<link>http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/citra-jpg-di-wordpress-berapa-besar/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2009 22:30:41 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rioseto</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/citra-jpg-di-wordpress-berapa-besar/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Benar juga, berapa besar berkas ’jpg’ untuk blog? Dan kualitasnya? Cari-cari untuk kualitas, dapat j]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rs-ixus-capture-scale.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3438" title="rs-ixus-capture-SCALE" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rs-ixus-capture-scale.jpg" alt="rs-ixus-capture-SCALE" width="326" height="245" /></a>Benar juga, berapa besar berkas ’<em>jpg</em>’ untuk blog? Dan kualitasnya? Cari-cari untuk kualitas, dapat jawaban seperti ini. Untuk blog, kualitas citra <em>tak perlu </em>sebagus foto hasil studio. Citra silakan kompres sekecil-kecilnya sampai cacat mulai terlihat.</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<p>Iya, seberapa besarkah itu?</p>
<p>Ada jawaban nimbrung yang mungkin bisa dipegang. Begini, kalau citra baku itu adalah citra <em>induk</em> (<em>master</em>, <em>original</em>), maka citra ini masih layak dipakai dengan tingkat kompresi hingga 50% bahkan hingga 25%. Kompresi 10% tidak bisa lagi, ditolak, di<em>afkir</em>, karena cacat biasanya sudah sangat kentara. (<a title="www.scantips.com" href="http://www.scantips.com" target="_blank"><em>www.scantips.com</em></a>)</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<p>Kita coba buktikan dengan eksperimen, yuk.</p>
<p>Sebuah tampilan di layar dipotret dijadikan gambar induk (gambar atas) dengan kamera digital. Sengaja tidak memilih obyek nona cantik atau pemandangan penuh warna-warni malah memilih yang cenderung keabuan yang mungkin memiliki kategori &#8216;tanggung&#8217; di antara foto dan gambar. Kurang bagus, maklumlah bukan juru potret.</p>
<p>Citra yang dihasilkan kamera sudah dalam format &#8216;<em>jpg</em>&#8216;. Ukuran berkas luar biasa besar, sekitar 7,0 MB! Ini datanya,</p>
<p><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rs-ixus-capture-2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3447" title="rs-ixus-capture-2" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rs-ixus-capture-2.jpg" alt="rs-ixus-capture-2" width="600" height="307" /></a></p>
<p>Terlihat dimensi citra hasil pemotretan dengan kamera 8 MP (megapiksel) adalah 3264 x 2448 piksel. Citra ditampilkan di atas layar dengan resolusi <em>96 ppi </em>(<em>pixel per inch</em>, bukan <em>dpi </em>atau <em>dots per inch </em>seperti di atas; <em>dpi </em>adalah untuk printer). Artinya, dimensi metrik citra (setelah dibagi <em>96</em>) akan membentang dengan <em>lebar x tinggi</em> = 34&#8243; x 25,5&#8243; (inci), atau 86,3 cm x 64,7 cm. Kalau diprint dan ditegakkan sudah setinggi anak kecil &#8216;lho!</p>
<p>Eksperimen ini bagus karena dampak kompresi &#8216;<em>jpg</em>&#8216; terhadap <em>ukuran berkas </em>yang besar, dan <em>kualitas, </em>akan lebih terlihat. Untuk mempercepat eksperimen 2 program kompresi diambilkan dari yang ada, <em>Paint </em>dan <em>Office Picture Manager</em> dari <em>Microsoft</em>, untuk  pembanding. Pembandingnya kurang tepat, karena kedua program berasal dari vendor yang sama, seharusnya vendor lain. Uuh, mau cepat &#8216;nih.</p>
<p>Setelah puas bereksperimen hasilnya disusun dalam bentuk tabel seperti ini,</p>
<p><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rs-ixus-capture-compare.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3446" title="rs-ixus-capture-COMPARE" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rs-ixus-capture-compare.jpg" alt="rs-ixus-capture-COMPARE" width="368" height="336" /></a></p>
<p>Hasil ekpserimen menarik untuk dikaji. Berkas orde MB ternyata bisa dikompres hingga orde kB, sekitar 1/100 dalam kasus kita di atas. (Dengan perkataan lain, berkas baru ini hanya sekitar 1% saja dari berkas induk! Jadi situs yang menyatakan 25-50% <em>tidak bisa </em>diterima dan urung kita pegang. Kini kita punya sendiri, horee&#8230; ) K<span style="color:darkblue;">alimat dalam tanda kurung salah, namun terlanjur diluncurkan. Ini koreksinya (hari ini, 04/10/09): Pengecilan ukuran berkas <em>tidak </em>berbanding lurus dengan kompresi! Berkas 1/100 tidak berarti kompresi berkas tinggal 1%.  <em>Sorry about that&#8230; </em> Eksperimen tidak bicara apa-apa tentang kompresi. Jadi pernyataan kompresi 50-25% mungkin sekali benar. Nanti kita kupas.</span></p>
<p>Kalau ukuran berkas diambil sebagai patokan pemilihan pemasangan di blog, ada 3 ukuran yang saling berdekatan, 21 kB, 23 kB, dan 32 kB, dengan dimensi relatif citra masing-masing diperlihatkan di bawahnya.</p>
<p><em>Jadi batas atas ukuran berkas &#8216;jpg&#8217; ideal untuk blog kita sudah diperoleh, sekitar <strong>50 kB</strong>.<br />
</em></p>
<p>Tinggal kualitas. Oke, setelah ini &#8230;oke?</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Citra di WordPress, JPG? PNG? GIF?]]></title>
<link>http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/citra-di-wordpress-jpg-png-gif/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 07:18:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rioseto</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/citra-di-wordpress-jpg-png-gif/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Waktu belajar blogging 4 bulan lalu dan berhasil menyisipkan citra di WordPress, waduh senangnya buk]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/insert-image-menu-001.gif"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3139" title="Insert-image-menu-00" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/insert-image-menu-001.gif" alt="Insert-image-menu-00" width="600" height="290" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Waktu belajar <em>blogging </em>4 bulan lalu dan berhasil menyisipkan citra di WordPress, waduh senangnya bukan main! Pengalaman langsung dijadikan artikel, <a title="Blog 101.01: Sisip Insert Gambar di Posting" href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/06/08/eksperimen-blog-1-insert-objek/" target="_blank">&#8220;Blog 101.01: Sisip (Insert) Gambar di Posting&#8221;</a>.  Waktu itu masih masa bodoh dengan 3 format gambar  <em>jpg</em>, <em>png</em>, <em>gif </em>yang tersedia di menu. Sekarang tahu, sedikit.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><!--more--></p>
<h2 style="text-align:left;">Kompresi JPG, PNG, GIF</h2>
<p style="text-align:left;"><em>Piksel</em>, <em>ukuran berkas</em>, <em>bandwidth</em>, saling berkaitan. Ukuran berkas sebaiknya kecil karena keterbatasan <em>bandwidth</em>. Coba amati lama buka sebuah halaman <em>blog </em>atau <em>situs web</em>. Cepat, kalau informasi berisi teks saja dan lebih lama kalau dipenuhi gambar atau foto. Mengapa, karena berkas gambar atau foto yang kaya warna (24-bit) jauh lebih besar daripada teks. Kalau mau cepat, berkas ini perlu diperkecil. Di<em>kompres</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Banyak teknik atau metoda kompresi dan 3 diterima sebagai standar umum saat ini,’<em>jpg’</em>, ’<em>png’</em>, ’<em>gif’</em>. Masing-masing memiliki teknik mengompakkan sendiri. Bagaimana dengan kualitas informasi hasil kompresi, masihkah tetap prima?</p>
<h2 style="text-align:left;">Kompresi dan Kualitas</h2>
<h3><span style="color:darkblue;">GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) </span></h3>
<p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/wp-gif-image.gif"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3346" title="WP GIF image" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/wp-gif-image.gif" alt="WP GIF image" width="194" height="266" /></a>GIF adalah teknik kompresi ’jadul’ di mana kecepatan koneksi atau <em>bandwidth</em>, masih sangat rendah. Pembentukan data citra hanya didukung 8-bit atau 256 warna saja. Ini masih bertahan hingga sekarang.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">GIF kemudian disempurnakan dengan tambahan fitur seperti <em>1-warna</em> transparan (lihat gambar), dan <em>gabungan </em>sejumlah berkas GIF jadi 1 berkas GIF, cikal bakal animasi!</p>
<h3><span style="color:darkblue;">PNG (Portable Network Graphics) </span></h3>
<p style="text-align:left;">PNG atau <em>’ping’</em> (<em>&#8220;P Not GIF&#8221;?</em>), adalah penyempurnaan GIF. Teknik kompresi lebih baik dari GIF, warna 24-bit, dan transparansi lebih banyak.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">
<h3><span style="color:darkblue;">JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)</span></h3>
<p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/wp-jpg-image.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3347" title="WP JPG image" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/wp-jpg-image.jpg" alt="WP JPG image" width="197" height="147" /></a>JPEG, atau JPG, dirancang untuk mengkompres data citra yang kaya warna (24-bit) atau gradasi warna abu-abu (bayangan), dan citra lain seperti <em>lukisan</em> dan  <em>foto</em> bertema dunia nyata atau kehidupan sehari-hari.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">JPEG <em>kurang baik</em> untuk mengkompres data citra yang terdefinisi dengan baik dan jelas seperti, <em>huruf</em>, <em>gambar kartun</em>, dan gambar dengan <em>sedikit warna</em> atau <em>hitam-putih</em>. Batas obyek yang jelas saat dikompres membuat batas bahkan menjadi tidak jelas atau samar.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Mungkin karena batas tidak jelas di foto inilah kompresi menjadi mudah dikendalikan. Penyamaran terus dilanjutkan hingga mata mulai dapat mengindentifikasi cacat yang timbul. Inilah batas terkecil ukuran berkas.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Dalam beberapa program kompresi JPEG ada sarana tingkat faktor &#8216;Q&#8217; (kualitas) seperti <em>good, better</em>, dan <em>best</em>. Terka, berkas mana yang terkecil?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">JPEG dipakai untuk kompresi gambar atau citra diam atau statis; untuk gambar atau citra dinamis (bergerak) seperti <em>film</em> tersedia JPEG padanannya, <em>MPEG</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">
<h2 style="text-align:left;">Panduan Pemakaian</h2>
<h2 style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/wp-gif-png-jpg-menu.gif"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3386" title="WP GIF-PNG-JPG menu" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/wp-gif-png-jpg-menu.gif" alt="WP GIF-PNG-JPG menu" width="486" height="184" /></a></h2>
<p style="text-align:left;">Patokan gampang, periksalah citra masuk golongan mana? Kalau foto atau gambar rumit penuh warna pelangi dan gradasi abu, pakailah JPEG; kalau bukan, pakai PNG. Format GIF hanya dipakai untuk gambar sederhana.</p>
<h2 style="text-align:left;">Pustaka</h2>
<p>1. <a title="http://info.eps.surrey.ac.uk/FAQ/standards.html" href="http://info.eps.surrey.ac.uk/FAQ/standards.html" target="_blank">&#8220;What is the difference between JPEG, GIF and PNG?&#8221;</a> (sumber gambar)</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[The Pixel: The Resolution Revolution]]></title>
<link>http://creativegreymatter.wordpress.com/2009/09/29/the-pixel-the-resolution-revolution/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>creativegreymatter</dc:creator>
<guid>http://creativegreymatter.wordpress.com/2009/09/29/the-pixel-the-resolution-revolution/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Never push your pixels to their limits or you will get a ghastly banding problem called posterizatio]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Never push your pixels to their limits</strong> or you will get a ghastly banding problem called posterization. Just because it looks good on your screen does not mean it will print properly. An image that is &#8220;digital&#8221; is created by millions of tiny squares called pixels that when viewed as a whole create a picture with subtle transitions. Georges Seurat was actually a digitalist if you think about it in terms of pixels. His Neo-Impressionism art such as &#8220;A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte&#8221; was seen as a whole picture with subtle transitions the further away you got from the canvas or the smaller the image became. This is true with pixels. Let&#8217;s look into the art of pixels as it relates to the everyday tools we use.</p>
<p><strong>The Digital Camera</strong><br />
Digital cameras now can record millions of pixels directly to their sensor. There are a lot of point and shoot cameras that look great on the screen but should not be used in high-end photography. When going digital find a photographer with a camera that takes at least 21 mega pixels. Yes you can get away with less but these cameras are almost as good as film. <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">The cameras of the day that do this are:</span><br />
the Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III Digital SLR camera<br />
<a href="http://www.usa.canon.com/consumer/controller?act=ModelInfoAct&#38;fcategoryid=215&#38;modelid=15710" target="_blank">http://www.usa.canon.com/consumer/controller?act=ModelInfoAct&#38;fcategoryid=215&#38;modelid=15710</a><br />
and my camera of choice<br />
the Nikon D3X which gives you 24 mega pixels<br />
<a href="http://imaging.nikon.com/products/imaging/lineup/digitalcamera/slr/d3x/index.htm">http://imaging.nikon.com/products/imaging/lineup/digitalcamera/slr/d3x/index.htm </a></p>
<p><strong>The Scanner</strong><br />
All scanners are capable of capturing a certain number of pixels per inch (ppi). With high-end scanners you will want a 4000 ppi scanner. Make certain you research the scanner and look for the &#8220;optical resolution&#8221; and not the &#8220;interpolated resolution&#8221;. Optical resolution is the pure pixel capture. Interpolated resolution is a manufactured addition of low quality pixel data added by the scanning software.</p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">Understand what you are scanning. </span>Film can contain up to 4000 pieces of &#8220;grain per inch&#8221; so if you are scanning film you will want to scan at 4000 ppi to grab all the available data. Prints do not contain as much information so scanning above 600 ppi is a waste of time and space. If possible always scan from film, you will get more information.</p>
<p>Here are some of my favorite affordable scanners:<br />
Epson Perfection V700 Photo Scanner<br />
<a href="http://www.epson.com/cgi-bin/Store/consumer/consDetail.jsp?BV_UseBVCookie=yes&#38;oid=63056499" target="_blank">http://www.epson.com/cgi-bin/Store/consumer/consDetail.jsp?BV_UseBVCookie=yes&#38;oid=63056499 </a><br />
Nikon Super CoolScan 9000 ED Film &#38; Slide Scanner<br />
<a href="http://imaging.nikon.com/products/imaging/lineup/scanner/scoolscan_9000/index.htm" target="_blank">http://imaging.nikon.com/products/imaging/lineup/scanner/scoolscan_9000/index.htm </a></p>
<p><strong>The Inkjet Printer </strong><br />
If you need to make your client a color proof or you are a photographer looking to find a printer to capture the subtle tones in your photos, then put up the money for an Epson.</p>
<p>Epson Stylus Pro 7900 and 9900 printers give you some of the most amazing colors in large format.<a href="http://www.epson.com/proimaging/StylusPro7900_9900.html" target="_blank"><br />
http://www.epson.com/proimaging/StylusPro7900_9900.html </a></p>
<p>But if you are looking for something less expensive and only have the space a desk can afford try out the Epson Stylus Pro<br />
<a href="http://www.epson.com/proimaging/StylusPro4880.html" target="_blank">http://www.epson.com/proimaging/StylusPro4880.html </a></p>
<p><strong>The Web </strong><br />
For screen viewing on the web or in an email the target resolution is 96 ppi at whatever actual viewing size you want the image to be.</p>
<p><strong>Size and Pixels</strong><br />
File size is expressed in MB (megabytes) and there are 4 factors that create this number<br />
• ppi (pixels per inch)<br />
• bits per channel (8 bits/channel or 16 bits/channel) it is always optimal to retouch and edit in 16 bits and then save back to 8 bits)<br />
• dimension (expressed in inches or millimeters)<br />
• number of channels (RGB has 3—red, green and blue; CMYK has 4-Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black; and then Grayscale has 1)</p>
<p>So this means that a 300 ppi, 16-bit 8&#215;10 RGB file = 41.2 megabytes.</p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">So you hate the math of it all? </span><br />
Then let&#8217;s break it down to an easier formula in two different methods. Scan size and camera capture size.</p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">With Scan size relating to output think backwards from your final print size. </span><br />
If you want an 8 x 10 output open up photoshop and choose File&#62;New which will get you to a dialogue box that works like a calculator. Type in your final print dimensions 8&#215;10 and then choose your resolution (for print you will want 300 dpi (dots per inch), then set your color mode RGB etc. and the BitDepth. The program will give you the ideal target number for scanning. Also if you increase the (ppi) and scan smaller you can still target your file size: for example a 1&#215;1.5 inch file at 2190 ppi, RGB file at 16 bits/Chanel is 41.2 MB. The smaller the dimension scanned the larger the ppi. This means the 1&#215;1.5 inch scan at 2190 ppi when expanded to an 8&#215;10 image in any program the pixels equal 300 per inch which is optimal for printing.</p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">With Digital capture size related to output has many factors: </span>actual megapixel count of the digital camera, physical dimension of the camera&#8217;s sensor, as well as acceptable detail and distance of the print being viewed.</p>
<p>Below is a quick guide to camera resolution:<br />
6 Megapixels (your small sensor fixed lens cameras) print size: 13&#215;19.5 (inches)<br />
6 Megapixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 20&#215;30 (inches)<br />
8 Megapixels (your small sensor fixed lens cameras) print size: 16&#215;24 (inches)<br />
8 Megapixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 24&#215;36 (inches)<br />
10 Megapixels (your small sensor fixed lens cameras) print size: 20&#215;30 (inches)<br />
10 Megapixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 27&#215;45 (inches)<br />
13 Megapixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 30&#215;45 (inches)<br />
17 Megapixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 40&#215;60 (inches)<br />
21 Megapixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 55&#215;75 (inches)<br />
24 MegaPixels (your bigger SLR sensor cameras) print size: 70&#215;90 (inches)</p>
<p>Capturing digital images on your camera require you set to Camera RAW or JPEG (best quality). Each camera will have different settings to choose from but you will want to select the best quality on your particular camera.</p>
<p>Important to remember when you are working in a desktop publishing program such as InDesign. Always make your final files to size of your document. Too many times I see designers sending files to print where an image the size of a postage stamp is 5 to 10 times that size. This will make your RIP (Raster Image Processing) drag on, drive your printers mad and sometimes muddle your image. At the same time never make your image too large for the ppi / dpi of the image.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#800000;">Pixelate your New Years resolution to stay in focus.</span></strong></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Piksel, Piksel, Piksel]]></title>
<link>http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/09/29/piksel-piksel-piksel/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2009 11:38:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rioseto</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/09/29/piksel-piksel-piksel/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Pembentukan citra digital Gambar lukisan si nona cantik &#8216;Monalisa&#8217; (paling kiri) hendak ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/color-depth-wiki.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/mona_lisa-pixelate-lunapicg.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3148" title="Mona_Lisa-pixelate-lunapicG" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/mona_lisa-pixelate-lunapicg.jpg" alt="Mona_Lisa-pixelate-lunapicG" width="600" height="257" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Pembentukan citra digital</strong></p>
<p>Gambar lukisan si nona cantik &#8216;Monalisa&#8217; (paling kiri) hendak kita jadikan sebuah citra digital. Tekniknya? Lukisan <em>master </em>atau induk kita beri <em>grid </em>(kotak-kotak), dipecah menjadi sejumlah serpihan gambar miniatur seperti mosaik.</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<p>Dalam dunia digital satu kotak hanya bisa memilih satu warna saja, padahal kandungan warna kotak induknya lebih dari satu. Komputer harus memutuskan memilih warna yang paling pas mewakili warna induk untuk kesemua kotak-kotaknya. Selesai memetakan warna, kotak mosaik dicoba disusun kembali membentuk lukisan seperti asalnya. Wah, &#8216;kok jadi begini, ya. Hasilnya lebih mirip hantu, bayang-bayangnya memang serupa manusia tetapi jauh dari nona. Apalagi cantik.</p>
<p>Prosedur diulang kembali dengan memperkecil ukuran <em>grid</em>, yang terus diperkecil hingga ketika dipetakan diperoleh hasil citra digital akhir sama dengan aslinya (gambar kanan). Akhirnya, hadir juga si cantik.</p>
<p>Begitulah sebuah citra digital dibentuk. Mirip menyusun mosaik. Sederhana, ya. Kita saksikan betapa kotak, dinamai <em>bintik </em>atau <em>piksel</em> (<em>pixel</em>), sangat vital dalam menentukan <em>kualitas </em>akhir citra digital. Ada 2 faktor, <em>dimensi</em> piksel dan <em>warna</em> piksel. Proses memetakan gambar induk itu sendiri menghasilkan sebuah peta mosaik, <em>peta piksel </em>atau <em>pixel map </em>yang lebih dikenal dengan <em>bit map.</em></p>
<p><strong>Dimensi piksel, resolusi</strong></p>
<p><em>Dimensi </em>piksel semakin kecil kualitas citra semakin tinggi. Dimensi kecil berarti piksel semakin rapat yang disebut <em>resolusi</em>, dinyatakan dalam <em>piksel per inci</em> (<em>ppi</em>). Istilah <em>ppi </em>sering diganti atau disamakan dengan <em>dpi</em> (<em>dot per inch</em>). Kurang tepat, istilah <em>dpi </em>dipakai untuk menyatakan resolusi <em>printer</em>.</p>
<p>Kemajuan teknologi piksel melahirkan monitor yang kian canggih mulai dari <em>CGA </em>dengan resolusi (320 x 200), <em>VGA </em>(640 x 480), <em>SVGA</em> (800 x 600), <em>XGA</em> (1024 x 768), …dan seterusnya, sampai kualitas tampilan citra di layar nyaris sempurna karena mata sudah tak sanggup lagi membedakan mana citra induk, mana citra digital.</p>
<p><strong>Warna piksel, <em>color depth</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Warna </em>piksel adalah data atau informasi terkecil yang tersimpan di bintik. Untuk 1-bit, bintik hanya bisa mengeluarkan 2 data, ”hitam” (bit = 0) dan ”putih” (bit = 1). Untuk 4-bit, bintik dapat mengeluarkan 16 data, 16 warna atau untuk hitam-putih 16 gradasi abu-abu peralihan warna dari hitam ke putih.</p>
<p><a href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/color-depth-wiki.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3190" title="color-depth-wiki" src="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/color-depth-wiki.jpg" alt="color-depth-wiki" width="433" height="336" /></a>Jadi, jumlah bit yang tersimpan di bintik menunjukkan kesanggupan bintik menghasilkan jumlah warna. Jumlah atau banyaknya warna dinamai <em>kedalaman warna</em> atau <em>color depth</em>. Bintik 8-bit bisa menghasilkan 256 warna, bintik 24-bit sanggup menghasilkan hingga 16,777,216 warna!</p>
<p>Mata kita memiliki keterbatasan. Seperti halnya resolusi tinggi, mata dianggap mencapai batas yang sudah tidak sanggup membedakan lagi warna asli dengan warna bintik pada piksel 24-bit, yang menghasilkan spektrum 16 juta warna itu. Spektrum warna ini disebut sebagai <em>true color</em>.</p>
<p><span style="color:darkblue;"><br />
Posting artikel berikut, <strong>&#8216;<a title="Mengenal ukuran berkas citra" href="http://rioseto.wordpress.com/2009/09/30/mengenal-ukuran-berkas-citra/" target="_blank">Mengenal Ukuran Berkas Citra</a></strong>&#8216;.</span></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>

</channel>
</rss>
