La formation comprend trois blocs d’une durée de six mois chacun :

• une formation pragmatique basée sur l’acquisition de fondamentaux s’organisant sur 11 semaines de cours organisées en alternance avec un stage : les intervenants sont des professionnels du droit.

• un projet pédagogique individuel (PPI) agrée par l’EFB (stage en entreprise, poursuite d’un M2, spécialisation…)

• un stage obligatoire, en cabinet d’avocat

La dernière semaine de ce bloc est consacrée à la gestion de cabinet. Le stage en cabinet d’avocat s’effectue en fin de formation.
Le CAPA (certificat d’aptitude à la profession d’avocat) est le diplôme obtenu suite à la formation dispensée par l’école c’est celui qui permet d’exercer la profession d’avocat. Une fois le CAPA obtenu, il y a la prestation de serment dès qu’ils ont trouvé leur collaboration.

A voir :  le site de l’EFB de Paris

Jeppesen says it recently signed a three-year service agreement with Turkish Airlines to provide electronic charts and data for the airline’s class-3 B-777 EFBs (electronic flight bags), plus distribution and management services for the 777 fleet. 

The new agreement implements Jeppesen services that include airport moving map and charting data for the airline.  Jeppesen previously provided its charting services, including e-Link, flight planning and NavData products to Turkish Airlines, as well as its Carmen Crew Rostering and Carmen Crew Pairing products .

This last weekend at one of the regular 2nd and 4th Sunday FOHRA work sessions, a new sign advertising FOHRA work days was installed on the front of the Edsel Ford Barn inside the Highland Recreation Area. The sign was assembled on the ground and installed using a lift.

Great progress has been achieved throughout the spring and into this summer on the green salvage project of the debris field in back of the damaged Edsel Ford Barn. The barn’s animal quarters, comprising nearly 3/4 of it’s total length, was severely damaged during a June 2008 storm.

Photo by Tom Slaga

As can be seen above, the huge concrete pad beneath the barn is being exposed nicely. Team members expect full clearing of the pad in upcoming weeks. FOHRA members, community volunteers, Oakland Community College students and professors, and WWAM work crews, plus many more folks, have all contributed to the hours worked to save the barn’s resources for the rebuild.

Come on out and join us to help finish up the salvaging of the barn’s materials – check the FOHRA website at www.fohra.org for details! Below… a conceptual drawing of the future plan for the barn’s rise!

The Friends of Highland Recreation Area are a 501(c)(3) organization.

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) recently certified Esterline CMC Electronics’ Class-2 PilotView EFB (electronic flight bag) for two ATR aircraft models.

(Class 2 EFBs are typically mounted in the aircraft with the display being viewable to the pilot during all phases of flight.  They may connect to aircraft power and data sources, and can be used for bi-directional data communication with other aircraft systems.)

ATR is offering the PilotView EFB as a standard option for its new ATR-42s and 72s as well as retrofits for the same models that are in service. The dual installation will enable all typical EFB functionality, including the accessing of aircraft data, procedures, manuals, and interactive electronic charts.

CMC Electronics says that more than 23 STCs are available for PilotView on aircraft ranging from the Gulfstream GV and GIV and Bombardier Global Express/XRS to the Boeing 737. PilotView is the sole OEM (original equipment manufacturer) Class 2 EFB option at Dassault, Pilatus, and Sino Swearingen. It also has been selected by Rockwell Collins for the Bombardier Global platform, by Embraer for the E-170/190 program, and by Bombardier for the CRJ700/900/1000.  Boeing offers PilotView for its Next-Generation B-737s and BBJs (Boeing Business Jets).

The Isolation And Identification Of the Mixed Microbe From Airlangga And Empty Fruit Bunch

Practical Report

In the subject of Beneficial Microbes In Agrobiotechnology (TKP 5101)

Muhammad Afdal

(GS 20787)

School of Graduate Study

Universiti Putra Malaysia

October 2008

Project Aim : To isolate and identify some mixed microbes from Surabaya (MIX3) and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)

Method

Material

1. A mixed microbe from Airlangga University Surabaya (MIX3)
2. Empty fruit bunch silage (EFB)

All samples were used to isolate and identify the existing microbe.

Isolation and identification procedure

1. Microbial samples (MIX 3 or EFB) was cultured and subculture until physically found the pure culture to isolate the microbes.
2. Pure culture (step 1) was stained and investigated using microscope to identify microbes.

Media Used

1. Nutrient agar (NA)
2. Potato dextrose agar (PDA)
3. De Man, Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) agar

All media were prepared before the isolation of the samples.

Media preparation

Procedure of NA medium (as described in packing label)

1. Suspend 28 g of NA agar powder in one litre of distilled water

2. Stir until completely dissolved.

3. Sterilize using an autoclave at 121 ⁰C for 15 minutes.

4. Pour it into the plate and leave until cold

5. Cover with the lid and the media is ready to be used

Procedure of PDA medium (as described in packing label)

1. Suspend 39 g of PDA agar powder in one litre of distilled water

2 Stir until completely dissolved

3. Sterilize using an autoclave at 121 ⁰C for 15 minutes.

4. Pour it into the plate and leave until cold

5. Cover with the lid and the media is ready to be used

Procedure of MRS medium (as described in packing label)

1. Suspend 62 g of MRS agar powder in one litre of distilled water

2 Steering until completely dissolved

3. Sterilize using an autoclave at 121 ⁰C for 15 minutes.

4. Mix well before pouring to the plate.

5. Pour it into the plate and leave until cold

Dilution

Dilution is to reduce the amount of microbial number growing in liquid thus it make easy to isolate or separate the microbe.

Procedure of dilution

1. Sterilize distilled water in autoclave at 121 ⁰C for 15 minutes
2. Pipettes 1 ml of sample into 15 ml tube and add with 9 ml sterilized water
3. Shake the tube with vortex machine.
4. From shaken tube (step 3) pipettes another 1 ml and continue step 2 and 3.
5. Dilution can be continued as needed

Culturing

Culturing is to grow microbe in a certain media. In media all of microbe cultured will grow. They can grow in single or colony or grow together with other different microbe. Therefore to find the pure culture it has to be sub-culture. The procedure of culturing following method Siru (2000) can be seen below

Material

1. Petri Dish Plate
2. Tip
3. Pipette
4. Bunsen
5. Hockey Stick (Rod L)
6. Loop

Method

1. Put 100 μL the microbe in the plate (on centre)
2. Fire the Hockey Stick for sterilizing and colder at room temperature
3. Spread the microbe to all the plate using Hockey Stick
4. Seal with parafilm
5. Close with cover and upside down
6. Code the plate
7. Put in the incubator at temperature of 28 or 37 ⁰C depend on purposes.

Sub-culturing

In principle the sub-culturing is the same as the culturing in which we grow microbe in a plate. Yet microbes growing sub-culture dish was taken from the previous culture.

Staining

Preparation for Fungi slide (chemical needed is LCB)

1. Drop distilled water on to the slide.
2. Flame needle until red colour and cool down
3. Harvest (touch) the fungus from the dish and put it on the slide
4. Put a drop of LCB
5. Cover with cover g lass and observe under microscope

Preparation for Bacterium slide

1. Drop distilled water on to the slide
2. Blame loop tip until red colour and keep it cold in room temperature
3. Harvest (touch) the bacteria culture with the loop tip and spread it on the slide
4. Put it on the slide and dry with fire
5. Dropped the crystal violet and leave it for 1 to 2 minutes and wash the slide briefly with tap water.
6. Drop the Iodine liquid, leave it for 1 to 2 minutes and wash the slide briefly with tap water.
7. Drop the alcohol until the blue colour off and wash the slide briefly with tap water until no blue colour come out.
8. Drop the safranin and leave for 10 to 30 second and wash the slide briefly with tap water until no blue colour come out.
9. After drying the slide can be looked using microscope.

Activity

The activity during practical work can be seen in Table 1.

Result

Culturing and Subculturing

MIX 3 microbial samples were cultured in NA, PDA and MRS media. Investigation was started at the following day of culturing. On day one all mixed microbes grew on all media without single colony growing. To have a single colony it was needed to dilute the sample and culture it in the same media. The investigation was done at the following day. The culture of diluted samples of MIX3 can be seen in Figure 1. Bacteria and yeast grow after 24 hours of culturing but fungi can grow after six days.

            (a) PDA media (b) NA media                           (c) MRS media

Figure 1. MIX3 cultured in different media after one day

Problem in culturing

It is difficult to find the pure culture in one time. Usually all microbes grow on the media for the first culture. Figure 2 show mixed different microbes grow in the plate. In this matter the use of media is very crucial. Thus the use of the selective media is important in this matter.

                        Figure 2. Some microbes grow in the plate

To purify the microbe, each culture was subculture until found the pure microbe. Figure 3 shows the microbe growing after subculturing. Then the last subculture was stained to identify the microbe.

     (a) MIX3 inMRS media       (b) EFB in NA media              (c) EFB in NA media

Figure 3. Subculture of microbe in some medium

Figure 4 Subculture of Fungi after 10 day

Staining and identification of microbe

There are five bacteria found in MIX 3 including two gram negative and three gram negative. The two gram negative bacteria are coccus and the three gram positive are basiilus. There are also fungi in MIX 3. Microbes existing on EFB are bacteria and fungi. There are three bacteria active on EFB namely one white coccus and two yellow coccus bacteria and all bacteria are gram negative. There are four fungus living on EFB with the colour of green, white, brown and red. Table 1 shows the microbial characteristic isolated from MIX 3 and EFB. Figure 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 shows the picture of bacteria and Figure 10 shows the picture of fungi.

Table 1. Characteristic of microbes isolated from MIX 3 and EFB after staining  

Figure 5. MIX3 -4 (bacteria)                Figure 6.EFB -1 (yellow bacteria)

Figure 7. EFB -3 (yellow bacteria)        Figure 8. EFB -1 (white bacteria)

Figure 9. MIX3-4 (white bacteria) Figure 10. EFB (possibly Fungi (Aspergillus sp))

Biolog assay is needed to do more accurate identification like cell morphology, catalase motility and many other characteristic tests.

Conclusion

To isolate the microbe it should be in the selective media that makes it easy to identify the microbes. In general NA, PDA media is used to culture general microbe and fungi respectively.

Salle, A.J. 1973. Laboratory manual on fundamental principles of bacteriology. McGraw-Hill Book company. New York

Siru, D. 2000. General microbiology laboratory manual. Biro Penyediaan Teks, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam.

Effects of palm oil and calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids in fattening diets on digestibility, performance and chemical body composition of lambs

T. Mansoa,∗, T. Castro b, A.R. Mantec´on c, V. Jimeno d

a A´rea de Produccio´n Animal, Escuela Te´cnica Superior de Ingenier´ıas Agrarias, Universidad de

Valladolid,Avd. de Madrid, 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain

b Departamento de Producci´on Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,

28040 Madrid, Spain

c Estaci´on Agr´ıcola Experimental, CSIC, Apartado de Correos 788, 24080 Le´on, Spain

d Departamento de Producci´on Animal, Escuela T´ecnica Superior de Ingenieros Agr´onomos,

Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Abstract (pdf)

The effects on digestibility, performance and chemical body composition of inclusion of palm oil (PO, VETALGRAS®) or calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CaF, MAGNAPAC®), at two levels, in diets of growing lambs were determined. Experimental diets consisted of barley straw and one of five concentrate supplements: control (C, no fat added), low level of PO (LPO, 25 g PO/kg), low level of CaF (LCaF, 31 g CaF/kg), high level of PO (HPO, 41 g PO/kg) and high level of CaF (HCaF, 50 g CaF/kg). Concentrations of supplemental fatty acids in the diets were 25 and 41 g/kg for the two supplementation levels. Concentrates with added fat were formulated to be isonitrogenousand isoenergetic and the five supplements had the same energy:protein ratio. The experiment was completed with 30 male Ojalada lambs (6 lambs per treatment) from weaning (initial live weight 14.1±0.5 kg) until 25 kg live weight. Inclusion of fat decreased digestibility of acid detergent fibre (0.525 versus 0.438, P<0.05) and increased ether extract digestibility (0.645 versus 0.770, P<0.05). Ether extract (EE) digestibility increased (LPO and LCaF versus HPO and HCaF, P<0.05) when the level of added fat increased (0.727 versus 0.814). There was a significant effect of interaction (P<0.05) between the level and type of fat on the organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility of the diets. Diets HPO presented lower digestibility values (LPO versus HPO, P<0.05) than LPO with regard to OM (0.844 versus 0.819) and NDF (0.503 versus 0.435). Nevertheless,

this effect was not observed when fat was added in the form of calcium soaps (LCaF versus HCaF, P>0.05). At the low level of fat inclusion, OM digestibility was greater when fat was in the form of PO than when it was as CaF (0.844 in LPO versus 0.823 in LCaF, P<0.05). At the high level of fat inclusion, NDF digestibility was greater when fat was included in the form of CaF rather than PO (0.435 in LPO versus 0.500 in HCaF, P<0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) and days to 25 kg were not affected by the treatments. The feed conversion ratio (FCR, g DMI/g daily gain) was lower (C versus LPO, LCaF, HPO and HCaF, P<0.05) when fat was added to the diets than control animals (3.21 versus 2.86). The treatments studied produced no differences in carcass yield. Statistically significant differences in chemical composition and energy content of carcass and non-carcass components were not observed. Inclusion of up to 41 g of fat from palm oil or calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids per kilogram of the concentrate of growing lambs improves EE digestibility and the feed conversion ratio without affecting carcass yield and body chemical composition. Inclusion of palm oil fatty acids as calcium soaps avoided the negative effects on fibre digestibility observed when 41 g PO/kg were added to the diet.

© 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Lambs; Palm oil; Calcium soaps; Digestibility; Animal performance; Body composition

International Conference on Environmental Research and Technology (ICERT 2008) Use of micro-filtered recovered POME sludge as fish feed ingredient for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

M. Ahmed2, M. Aliyu-Paiko3,A. R. Nik Norulaini2,R. Hashim3 *A. Ahmad1.

1Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

2School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

3Laboratory of Feeds and Feeding Management, Aqua-culture Research Group, School of Biological Sciences,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author. Phone: +6046532214 Fax: +6046573678

ABSTRACT (pdf)

The principle of membrane micro-filtration technology was employed to filter fresh palm oil mill effluent (POME). Dead-end configured filtration system was used to recover substantial amounts of the suspended solids and oil & grease with appreciable removal efficiency for COD, TSS, TS and O&G. The dried sludge (DSO) was used as a feed major ingredient together with defatted fishmeal to formulate a diet. Three different diets were tested on Nile tilapia; O. niloticus fingerlings comprising of DSO mixed with defatted fishmeal, crude palm oil (CPO) and defatted fishmeal and a third group of fingerlings fed with Fish oil (FO) mixed with defatted fishmeal as a control. The growth of all fingerlings was monitored every 2 weeks for a period of 8 weeks. The result showed that there is significant growth performance in fish fed with DSO indicating that it can be used as a fish feed ingredient to supply some proteins and lipids.

Key words: Feed ingredient, Growth, Micro-filtration, POME, Tilapia.

Effect of Processing of Oil Palm Frond on Palatability in Bali Cows

M. Afdal¹², S Syarif¹, A Kasim²¹

1Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Jambi University, Jambi, Indonesia.

²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Introduction Palm oil frond (POF) is one of the by-products from palm oil plantations and is indicative of the disturbance to the environment in Indonesia and Malaysia as development of the palm oil industry in this area nowadays. Indonesia Statistical Biro (2006) reported that the production of POF was around 10,869,365 t from around 3,682,900 ha of palm oil plantation in Indonesia. Alimon and Hair Bejo (1995) reported that the chemical composition of POF is 47, 385, 787 556 g kg^-1 and 5.65 MJ kg^-1 for crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and metabolisable energy respectively. On the other hand, this product might be used as an alternative ruminant feed. Based on preliminary study, palm oil usually has 48 fronds and each frond has 250 to 350 leaves. Parts of POF that can be utilized as a feed are peeled frond, around 30 % of the fresh frond. PF could be fed to the animal in term of fresh chopped frond, frond meal and frond pellet. There is however no information dealing with POF especially its palatability and therefore a study was undertaken to assess the value of this by-product in diets of ruminants.  The aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition and the palatability of POF, and proportion of POF eaten by animal.

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The FAA has announced it will partner with three additional airlines for its upcoming cockpit safety initative, which focuses on Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) and Aural Alerting technology. (FAA fact sheet). The newly added carriers are Atlas Air, CommutAir and Shuttle America, and the three will receive a combined total of $1.7 million in return for access to operational data. Last month, the FAA said it had reached agreements with US Airways, Southwest, SkyWest and Piedmont Airlines to take part in the same trial.

Data desta Edição: 25.08.2008

June 2008 will see the first issue of the European Federation of Biotechnology’s (EFB) official journal, New Biotechnology. The aims of New Biotechnology are to become a top-ranked peer-reviewed science journal but also to convey the EFB’s opinion, views and policies. New Biotechnology is representing the views and aspirations of young biotech researchers through a section dedicated to YEBN.

The section dedicated to YEBN will provide interviews of biotech leaders, young entrepeneurs and headhunters, give an idea of life in top research institutes and present YEBN activities as well as funding opportunities for young life scientists in biotechnology.

journal online access

 A vin chegar e me entregou a súa

liberdade con aquel lazo,

a tenrura abriulle paso a paixón

e esta desbocouse fundíndonos,

nun amor que durou…,

o que dura unha estrela fugaz no ceo,

o lazo final estaba desfeito,

sen ataduras corpóreas,

anque as nosas almas seguiron unidas.

Ate que co paso dos anos,

aquela semente que estaba durmida,

nun aeroporto volveuse a vida,

collinlle a cintura, das miñas mans perdida,

sentín a súa boca buscando a miña,

seu corpo mirrado aínda me quería,

non puiden rexeitala ¡seguía tan viva!

que aquela noite de lúa de mel…,

…de doce mel anque tardía,

de lonxevos bicos, de febles caricias,

entregouse enteira con amor e dicha,

e xurou que en vida, nunca desfaría,

o ditoso lazo que salvou dúas vidas.

På en solbeskinnet mandag aften kunne AaB ikke vinde ude over Esbjerg og dommeren.

AaB kunne mandag aften ikke udnytte, at de andre mesterskabskandidater satte point til i weekendens kampe. I de første 10 minutter af kampen stod der AaB på det meste, men derefter var det Esbjerg der havde overtaget. Efter tre hjørnespark og et vedholdende pres, fik Frank Hansen i det 27. minut smidt et indlæg ind bag AaB’s forsvar, og i høj fart kom 21-årige Søren Rieks først til bolden og bragte ufortjent Esbjerg foran 1-0.

Efter scoringen formåede Esbjerg at holde presset, men efter 41. minutter var det hjemme Jeppe Curth der fik udlignet. På en sublim aflevering fra Kasper Risgaard, gik bolden hele vejen igennem Esbjerg-forsvaret, og ved bagerste stolpe stod Jeppe Curth helt umarkeret, og han scorede sit 12. mål i denne sæson, hvilket gør ham til delt topscorer (sammen med Peter Graulund og Frank Kristensen).

Efter pausen var det en meget lige kamp. Der var flere chancer i begge ender, i en halvleg der i højeste grad blev skæmmet af hårdt spil, og en talentløs statist ved navn Anders Hermansen, som af en eller anden løjerlig grund var iført dommertøj og en fløjte, der åbenbart var for avanceret til, at han magtede at bruge den. Man skal lede længe efter en dommer, der har dømt SÅ ustruktureret og overset så mange svinske tacklinger og eftertacklinger. Martin Vingaard skulle have haft det røde kort, da han stemplede Michael Jakobsen på røven. Man kan ikke sige, at Anders Hermansen fløjtede kampen ihjel – men man kan godt dræbe en fodboldkamp på andre måder. Han valgte bl.a. per automatik at overse frispark til AaB lige uden for feltet – mindst tre store frispark blev vinket afværgende ad. Generelt blev der tilladt en grotesk og alt for hård spillestil.

Af fremtrædende AaB’ere kan der nævnes Kasper Risgaard, Allan Johansson og dagens mand, som efter min mening er Thomas Augustinussen, som viste stort fighterhjerte, og vandt næsten alle sine dueller.

Efter denne runde har AaB holdt sit forspring til FC Midtjylland, mens FCK har sat et point til i mesterskabskampen. Der dufter stadig af guld i Aalborg, men torsdagskampen mod Randers SKAL vindes. Onsdag tager FC Midtjylland hjemme imod Horsens, og vi kan kun håbe på, at de kan lave en overraskelse, og stjæle et point eller tre. FCK møder torsdag AGF i Parken, og der er ingen tvivl om, at FCK er tændte på at revanchere sig for den seneste tids dårlige resultater og medieomtale. Bach tror stadig på mesterskabet, og på en sejr på torsdag. AaB’s spil har ikke været imponerende på det seneste, men mod Esbjerg viste de til tider gode takter, og jeg er sikker på, at der snart kommer rigtig gang i spillet igen.

Bach – fra et mekka af elendige dommerpræstationer, gale fiskere, farvede blogskribenter og mesterskaber der kommer tættere på Nordjylland!

Fúcheste case sen facer ruído,

en noite de ceo estrelado,

o teu luceiro foi esmorecéndose paseniño, paseniño,

ate quedar o seu sitio esvaecido no escuro,

coma se fose un oco da mesma cor.

Hoxe fuxiu ao infinito a túa estrela,

tan lixeira na saída, que non deches tempo as despedidas.

Éramos elementos emergentes

en el entorno elegido

escarabajo ermitaño escapando en el estío

éramos ébano egregio efímero empleo

engalanado enmohecido

enseñante escoltado en envidia enfurecido

éramos ebrios enlodados, encallados

en estertor ennegrecido

escarbando en encontrar endosado extendido

éramos engaño engrasado este enojo enjugado

en enredo entretenido

entendiendo el ensamblar en enmarcar escondido

éramos ensayo enlutado enseñante enlazado

en el enigma expandido

entrando en entrecejo el esbozo envilecido

éramos esposo espantado esclavizado

estafado exigido

extraviando el escollo escarmentando escabullido