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	<title>erich-fromm &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/erich-fromm/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "erich-fromm"</description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 08:26:36 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[So, Fromm and I were discussing love recently...]]></title>
<link>http://spreadhopelikefire.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/so-fromm-and-i-were-discussing-love-recently/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 23:42:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jordan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://spreadhopelikefire.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/so-fromm-and-i-were-discussing-love-recently/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I was reading Erich Fromm&#8217;s &#8220;The Art Of Loving&#8221; the other day, and there was a par]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I was reading Erich Fromm&#8217;s &#8220;The Art Of Loving&#8221; the other day, and there was a particular point he hit upon that really made sense to me and got me thinking. Basically, what he said went like this. Whenever people start thinking about love, or about relationships and why they might not be involved in one, a mistake that a lot of them make is think that the problem lies not within themselves, but with who they know. In other words, a lot of people, in an effort to make themselves feel better &#8211; and because we all carry some amount of self-bias &#8211; convince themselves that they&#8217;re not really where the problem lies. The problem is that they just haven&#8217;t found the right person to love, they tell themselves. While this can hold some situational merit, a lot of the time it&#8217;s not entirely true. Fromm made what I thought was a brilliant comparison &#8211; he said that a person thinking that way would be like a novice painter wrestling with why he isn&#8217;t a master of his craft yet, and then convincing himself that the problem lies not with his own lack of skill, but with the dilemma of his simply not having found the right object to paint yet! If he could only find the right object, or muse, or inspiration &#8211; why, he wouldn&#8217;t need to work on improving himself! He would just know! That, Fromm says, is what people essentially do with respect to love. They tell themselves that they just need to find that right person, and then everything else will fall into place without extra effort. On the contrary, though, Fromm argued that love is an art form that can (and needs to be) worked on for the sake of improvement, just as any other form of art can be. Sure, your situation and environment can play a part, but the biggest thing is YOU.</p>
<p>That has really stuck with me. I can be BETTER, and I try, continually, as sincerely as I can, to be better. We all can, and we all need to. I mean, just look around &#8211; the world needs us. Our culture isn&#8217;t about lifting each other up anymore. It&#8217;s about tearing each other down. We should all be investing as much as possible into being part of the solution to that problem, not the perpetuation of it.</p>
<p>Love.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Doleful Eyes and Snufflepagus]]></title>
<link>http://readingwithmytwin.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/doleful-eyes-and-snufflepagus/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 01:54:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>twins4reading</dc:creator>
<guid>http://readingwithmytwin.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/doleful-eyes-and-snufflepagus/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Oh you guilt me with the doleful eyes of sad Marcel!  As he looks out from your last post I can only]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Oh you guilt me with the doleful eyes of sad Marcel!  As he looks out from your last post I can only think I&#8217;ve let him down.  He seems to be thinking, &#8220;<em>Sacre Bleu</em>!  Put down that Agatha Christie and pick up À la Recherche Du Temps Perdu<em> mon ami!&#8221;</em></p>
<p>Well Marcel my most sincere <em>pardons. </em>I&#8217;m back with you now.  But how did you know what I was reading!?!  (Why that&#8217;s a mystery fit for Hercule Poirot, <em>non</em>?&#8211;isn&#8217;t that a merry little circle!)</p>
<p>I was puzzled by some of the things in your earlier post&#8230;your knowledge of the life and times of Freud outmarches mine by quite a distance.  Who is Wolfman?  Is your play going to imagine a meeting with the actual Wolfman&#8230;full moons and whatnot (Go Team Jacob!)?  If so then I&#8217;m afraid you&#8217;re tiptoeing mighty close to copyright infringement of my <a title="Erich Fromm" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Fromm" target="_blank">Erich Fromm</a>-<a title="Bride of Frankenstein" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride_of_frankenstein" target="_blank">Bride of Frankenstein</a> two-hander that I&#8217;m currently workshopping.</p>
<p>That was my first point of confusion.  My second: Your Muppet equivalent for Swann is Big Bird?  Big Bird?  My vote goes to Snuffy (the Snufflepagus).  I think its his melancholy.  (Either that or Fozzie&#8230;gotta love Fozzie).</p>
<p>I haven&#8217;t been reading as much of <em>Swann&#8217;s </em>as I&#8217;ve meant to&#8230;some, but not a lot.  (I was in fact reading some Agatha Christie&#8211;but how Proust knew beats me! You know what its like once Poirot starts sleuthing&#8230;the pages just cannot turn fast enough.)  But I was reading some Proust just know and it just makes me want to read more and more (and more!).</p>
<p>I do have some predictions&#8230;maybe that will be fodder for the conversation.</p>
<p>1.)  Religion is going to be a theme&#8230;he spent 10 pages talking about that church steeple&#8230;something&#8217;s got to come of that.</p>
<p>2.) M. Legrandin will play a larger role.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s all I&#8217;ve got.</p>
<p>Happy reading.</p>
<p>Jon</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Cataluña es... un pueblo libre]]></title>
<link>http://rosamariaartal.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/cataluna-es-un-pueblo-libre/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 23:43:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rosa maría artal</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rosamariaartal.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/cataluna-es-un-pueblo-libre/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Los nacionalismos preocupan a un 0,4% de los españoles, y el Estatut de Cataluña, al 0,1%, según el ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Los nacionalismos preocupan a un 0,4% de los españoles, y el Estatut de Cataluña, al 0,1%, según el ]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA["We must embrace pain and burn it as fuel for our journey." ~ Kenji Miyazawa]]></title>
<link>http://poietes.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/we-must-embrace-pain-and-burn-it-as-fuel-for-our-journey-kenji-miyazawa/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 02:58:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>poietes</dc:creator>
<guid>http://poietes.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/we-must-embrace-pain-and-burn-it-as-fuel-for-our-journey-kenji-miyazawa/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Rose Pastor Stokes,&#8221; by Clarence H. White (1909)   “Existence is a series of footnotes ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[&#8220;Rose Pastor Stokes,&#8221; by Clarence H. White (1909)   “Existence is a series of footnotes ]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[NaNoWriMo: Analecta]]></title>
<link>http://bigwords88.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/nanowrimo-analecta/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 04:06:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bigwords88</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bigwords88.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/nanowrimo-analecta/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Oh, blank confusion! and a type not false Of what the mighty City is itself To all except a straggle]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><blockquote><p><em>Oh, blank confusion! and a type not false<br />
Of what the mighty City is itself<br />
To all except a straggler here and there,<br />
To the whole swarm of its inhabitants;<br />
An undistinguishable world to men,<br />
The slaves unrespited of low pursuits,<br />
Living amid the same perpetual flow<br />
Of trivial objects, melted and reduced<br />
To one identity, by differences<br />
That have no law, no meaning, and no end—<br />
Oppression, under which even highest minds<br />
Must labour, whence the strongest are not free.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">William Wordsworth, <em>The Prelude VII</em></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>Everywhere I go I see increasing evidence of people swirling about in a human cesspit of their own making.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">Sir Cyril James Anderton CBE</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>Demoralize the enemy from within by surprise, terror, sabotage, assassination. This is the war of the future.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">Adolf Hitler</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>The danger of the past was that men became slaves. The danger of the future is that man may become robots.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">Erich Fromm</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>You can&#8217;t make up anything anymore. The world itself is a satire. All you&#8217;re doing is recording it.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">Art Buchwald</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>All things appear and disappear because of the concurrence of causes and conditions. Nothing ever exists entirely alone; everything is in relation to everything else.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">Buddha</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>What have I become<br />
My sweetest friend<br />
Everyone I know goes away<br />
In the end<br />
And you could have it all<br />
My empire of dirt<br />
I will let you down<br />
I will make you hurt</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">Trent Reznor</p>
</blockquote>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Divinidad visible, prostituta común del género humano]]></title>
<link>http://humanismoyconectividad.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/el-dinero/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 10:30:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Andres Schuschny</dc:creator>
<guid>http://humanismoyconectividad.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/el-dinero/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Fragmentos tomados de los Manuscritos económico-filosóficos de Karl Marx escritos mucho antes de El ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img src="http://www.gold101.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/gold-money-21.jpg" align="center" width="500" /></p>
<p>Fragmentos tomados de los <strong><em><a href="http://www.marxists.org/espanol/m-e/1840s/manuscritos/index.htm">Manuscritos económico-filosóficos de Karl Marx</a></em> </strong>escritos mucho antes de El Capital en el período de abril a agosto de 1844. Aquí, la filosofía de Marx representa una protesta contra la enajenación del hombre, su pérdida de sí mismo y su transformación en una cosa. En estos escritos queda claro que su visión de la realidad tiene sus raíces en la tradición filosófica humanista de occidental, es una filosofía de protesta aunque una protesta imbuida de fe en el hombre, en su capacidad para liberarse y realizar sus potencialidades. En estos pasajes se refiere a la naturaleza esencial del <strong>DINERO: la divinidad visible del hombre, la prostituta común del género humano</strong>:</p>
<p><img src="http://farmacon.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/marx.jpg?w=500" align="center" width="500" /></p>
<blockquote><p><strong>Lo que existe para mí por mediación del dinero, lo que yo puedo pagar (es decir, lo que el dinero puede comprar), eso soy yo mismo, el poseedor del dinero. Mi propio poder es tan grande como el poder del dinero.</strong> Las propiedades del dinero son las mías propias (las del posesor) y mis propias facultades. <strong>Lo que yo soy y puedo hacer no está determinado, pues, de ninguna manera por mi individualidad.</strong> Soy feo, pero puedo comprarme la más hermosa de las mujeres. En consecuencia, no soy feo puesto que el efecto de la fealdad, su fuerza repelente, queda anulada por el dinero. Como individuo soy paralitico, pero el dinero me procura veinticuatro piernas. En consecuencia, dejo de ser paralítico. Soy detestable, deshonesto, sin escrúpulos y estúpido pero el dinero es honrado y lo mismo lo es quien lo posee. Además, el dinero me ahorra la molestia de ser deshonesto; por tanto, se supone que soy honesto. Soy estúpido, pero como el dinero es el espíritu real de todas las cosas su poseedor no puede ser estúpido. Además, puede comprar a los que tienen talento y ¿no es acaso el que tiene poder sobre los inteligentes más inteligente que ellos? Yo que puedo tener, mediante el poder del dinero, todo lo que ansia el corazón humano ¿no poseo todas las facultades humanas? <strong>¿No transforma mi dinero, pues, todas mis incapacidades en &#8220;sus opuestos?</strong></p>
<p>&#8230;</p>
<p><strong>Lo que yo como hombre soy incapaz de hacer y, por tanto, lo que todas mis facultades individuales son incapaces de hacer, es hecho posible por el dinero. El dinero, pues, convierte cada una de estas facultades en algo que no es, en su opuesto.</strong></p>
<p>Si deseo algún manjar o quiero tomar la diligencia porque no soy suficientemente fuerte como para viajar a pie, el dinero me facilita la comida y la diligencia; es decir, transforma mis deseos de representaciones en realidades, del ser imaginario en ser real. Como mediación, el dinero es una fuerza realmente creadora.</p>
<p>&#8230; </p>
<p>Si no tengo dinero para viajar no tengo necesidad —una necesidad real y realizable— de viajar. Si tengo vocación para el estudio pero carezco del dinero para estudiar, entonces no tengo vocación, es decir, no tengo una vocación efectiva, verdadera. A la inversa, si realmente no tengo vocación para el estudio, pero poseo el dinero y la voluntad para hacerlo, tengo una vocación efectiva. <strong>El dinero es el medio y el poder externo, universal (no derivado del hombre como hombre ni de la sociedad humana como sociedad) para transformar la representación en realidad y la realidad en una mera representación. </strong>Transforma las facultades humanas reales y naturales en simples representaciones abstractas, es decir, en imperfecciones y quimeras torturadoras; y, por otra parte, transforma las imperfecciones reales y las fantasías, facultades que son en realidad impotentes y que sólo existen en la imaginación del individuo, en facultades y poderes reales. A este respecto, pues, <strong>el dinero es la inversión general de las individualidades, convirtiéndolas en sus opuestos y asociando las cualidades contradictorias con sus cualidades.</strong></p>
<p><strong>El dinero aparece, pues, como un poder desintegrador para el individuo y los lazos sociales, que pretenden ser entidades para sí. </strong>Transforma la fidelidad en infidelidad, el amor en odio, el odio en amor, la virtud en vicio, el vicio en virtud, el siervo en amo, la estupidez en inteligencia y la inteligencia en estupidez.</p>
<p>Como el dinero, concepto existente y activo del valor, confunde y transforma todo, es la confusión y trasposición universal de todas las cosas, el mundo invertido, la confusión y el cambio de todas las cualidades naturales y humanas.</p>
<p>El que puede comprar el valor es valiente, aunque sea cobarde. El dinero no se cambia por una cualidad particular, una cosa particular ni una facultad humana específica, sino por todo el mundo objetivo del hombre y la naturaleza. Así, desde el punto de vista de su posesor, transforma toda cualidad y objeto en otro, aunque sean contradictorios. Es la fraternización de los incompatibles; obliga a los contrarios a abrazarse.<br />
<strong>Supongamos que el hombre es hombre y que su relación con el mundo es una relación humana. Entonces el amor sólo puede intercambiarse por amor, la confianza por la confianza, etcétera. Si quieres gozar del arte tienes que ser una persona artísticamente cultivada; si quieres influir en otras personas debes ser una persona que estimule e impulse realmente a otros hombres.</strong> Cada una de tus relaciones con el hombre y la naturaleza debe ser una expresión específica, correspondiente al objeto de tu voluntad, de tu verdadera vida individual. <strong>Si amas sin evocar el amor como respuesta, es decir, si no eres capaz, mediante la manifestación de ti mismo como hombre amante, de convertirte en persona amada, tu amor es impotente y una desgracia.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Los extractos que aparecen a partir de la página 44 de este texto:</p>
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<p><strong>Fuente:</strong> <strong><em><a href="http://www.marxists.org/espanol/m-e/1840s/manuscritos/index.htm">Manuscritos económico-filosóficos de Karl Marx</a></em> </strong></p>
<p><img src="http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/print/2008/9/karl-marx-toenails.jpg" align="center" width="500" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA["All men are created equal..."]]></title>
<link>http://antoniowrites.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/344/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 14:26:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>marcantonio46</dc:creator>
<guid>http://antoniowrites.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/344/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In spite of the universalistic spirit of the monotheistic Western religions and of the progressive p]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>In spite of the universalistic spirit of the monotheistic Western religions and of the progressive political concepts that are expressed in the idea &#8220;that all men are created equal,&#8221; love for mankind has not become a common experience. Love for mankind is looked upon as an achievement which, at best, follows love for an individual or as an abstract concept to be realized only in the future. But love for man cannot be separated from love for one individual. To love one person productively means to be related to his human core, to him as representing mankind. Love for one individual, in so far as it is divorced from love for man, can refer only to the superficial and to the accidental; of necessity it remains shallow.</p>
<p><font color="navy">From</font>: <b>The Art of Loving</b>, <i>Erich Fromm</i>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Erich Fromm über Faschismus]]></title>
<link>http://gheimraetinsarchive.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/erich-fromm-uber-faschismus/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 12:47:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>geheimraetin</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gheimraetinsarchive.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/erich-fromm-uber-faschismus/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Faschismus &#8211; Ausdruck einer sado-masochistischen Perönlichkeit &nbsp;]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Faschismus &#8211; Ausdruck einer sado-masochistischen Perönlichkeit</strong></p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/2R7RjYQn_To&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/2R7RjYQn_To&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
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<p>&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Banalitäten von Glück und Freude]]></title>
<link>http://beyondbarsandink.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/banalitaten-von-gluck-und-freude/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 01:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Steppenwolf</dc:creator>
<guid>http://beyondbarsandink.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/banalitaten-von-gluck-und-freude/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Republican Gomorrah - A Review]]></title>
<link>http://feteexpectations.wordpress.com/2009/11/04/republican-gomorrah-a-review/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:37:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Torin</dc:creator>
<guid>http://feteexpectations.wordpress.com/2009/11/04/republican-gomorrah-a-review/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Republican Gomorrah, a new book by Max Blumenthal, examines the Christian Right&#8217;s growth, its ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://www.republicangomorrah.com/" target="_blank"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-239" style="margin:10px;" title="Republican_Gomorrah" src="http://feteexpectations.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/republican_gomorrah.png" alt="Republican_Gomorrah" width="165" height="251" />Republican Gomorrah</a>, a new book by Max Blumenthal, examines the Christian Right&#8217;s growth, its domination of the Republican Party, and the scandals of its prominent figures. Every group has its scandals, but what is intriguing about the Christian Right is that its scandals tend to involve exactly those behaviors that it most stridently denounces. Again, no party or philosophy has a monopoly on hypocrisy, but Blumenthal shows how core ideas are responsible for both the Christian Right&#8217;s success and its problems.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Blumenthal bases his analysis on the work of Erich Fromm, a psychoanalyst who left Germany after the Nazis came to power. In Escape From Freedom, Fromm wrote that having freedom is not always pleasant. Sometimes it can be a burden because you have to make your own decisions and you are responsible for the outcomes. Many people gladly give up their freedom by submitting themselves to obey without question a trusted authority figure. In the political realm, this can lead to a mass movement such as the Nazis created.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Christian theology has similar dynamics with respect to freedom. On the one hand, free will means you are responsible for your sins and will be punished for them &#8211; with hellfire according to the more conservative sects. However, there is an out. If you accept Jesus as your Savior, all your sins are forgiven.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A modern twist involves the industry that offers therapy/treatment for personal crisis. People make mistakes in their personal lives or simply don&#8217;t know how to handle certain things. So they turn to the therapy industry to tell them what to do about problems such as addiction, abuse, and infidelity. There is a promise that parallels the promises of political authoritarianism and religious salvation: obey the therapist and all your problems will be solved.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://www.republicangomorrah.com/" target="_blank"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-243" style="margin:10px;" title="Dobson" src="http://feteexpectations.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dobson1.png" alt="Dobson" width="192" height="210" /></a>The Christian Right has put together all these modes of escaping from freedom into a single movement. A pioneer and the most successful practitioner has been James Dobson, a child psychiatrist who founded Focus on the Family. His newsletter gives advice about how to deal with problems in the family. His organization now gets so many requests for help that it has its own zip code. All these people mailing or calling in for help get put into a database, which is used to send out calls to political action. Dobson and similar figures function as what Fromm calls &#8220;the magic helper,&#8221; who then exploits this dependent relationship to further both a political movement and their own finances.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Unfortunately, many personal problems cannot be prayed away or otherwise cured with a simple fix. These people become involved in the movement, which distracts them momentarily from their personal problems. However, problems such as addiction are still there and not being effectively addressed. This is especially true for gay Evangelicals, who believe that homosexuality is a sin, a personal choice (&#8220;lifestyle&#8221;), that can be cured by prayer and spiritual counseling. So gays, alcoholics, drug addicts, gamblers, and others lead double lives &#8211; preaching against the actions by day and overdosing on them by night. (I bet a similar analysis would apply well to the problems the Catholic Church has had with deviant priests.)</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Viewed in this light, all the scandals involving Christian Right leaders &#8211; and the list is huge! &#8211; make sense. It also makes sense how the followers tend to forgive these lapses, and often the leaders are able to resume their leadership roles after a period of public repentance. Instead of seeing virtue as something that can be attained and maintained, it is a constant struggle, a war against Satan, and they expect (and have personally experienced) many setbacks. As long as the disgraced leader frames his personal failure in terms of a cosmic religious war, he is treated as a good soldier who suffered a wound in battle.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Although &#8220;faith-based&#8221; and &#8220;reality-based&#8221; approaches were coined in other domains, the terms also make sense in the area of personal problems. Most personal problems can&#8217;t be solved in a single moment of insight; they have to be managed and moderated over years, maybe a whole lifetime. (And in the case of homosexuality, it isn&#8217;t a problem in itself; the problem is the self-loathing and denial caused by the hateful position of the Christian Right.) Instead of a slow and steady course of treatment, the Christian Right has institutionalized an approach that almost guarantees a roller coaster ride, from euphoric highs of participating in a mass movement to self-loathing lows of indulgence.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Le foglie cadono senza fare BUM]]></title>
<link>http://attraversogiardini.it/2009/11/03/le-foglie-cadono-senza-fare-bum/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 07:51:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Emanuela</dc:creator>
<guid>http://attraversogiardini.it/2009/11/03/le-foglie-cadono-senza-fare-bum/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Tempo di Grandi Cocomeri che sorgono dall’orto e regalano desideri, più che l’avverarsi degli stessi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Tempo di Grandi Cocomeri che sorgono dall’orto e regalano desideri, più che l’avverarsi degli stessi. Tempo d’autunno, nel quale è tutto un lasciare, ridurre, per conservare energie. Fra poco, il riposo di chi ha già rinvasato, seminato, pacciamato… E io che sono al giro di boa del mio vero capodanno, visto che ho creato il mondo il 31 di ottobre, mi trovo a pensare che vorrei liberarmi anche io di un sacco di cose, come fanno le latifoglie. Le foglie cadono senza fracasso, per alleggerire l’albero, che pare non esservi particolarmente “attaccato”.</p>
<p>Mi trovo sguardo nello sguardo con Tobia che invece ha inventato il mondo solo tre mesi fa: di quante “foglie” lo caricheremo?</p>
<p><a title="photo sharing" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/attraversogiardini/420369194/"><img class="aligncenter" style="border:2px solid #000000;" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/130/420369194_238da8bac0.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="130" /></a></p>
<p>Da quando siamo piccoli veniamo educati ad avere amore per le persone e le cose che abbiamo vicino, a tenerle con cura, a conservarle per avere legami affettivi con la nostra storia e con gli altri. Abbiamo amici,  cose,  lettere,  appunti,  libri (ma quanti!),  fotografie, ricette, siti, film… fino a quando, tutto questo avere si sovrappone all’essere come una seconda pelle: possedere, aver diritto ad avere.</p>
<p>Poi… sentiamo che dobbiamo alleggerirci e allora che fatica! Come si è attaccati alle nostre foglie! Ogni separazione è una rinuncia e rischia di diventare rimpianto.</p>
<p><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Fromm">Erich Fromm</a> ne fa l’argomento di uno dei suoi libri più celebri. Ed entrambi gli estremi sono negativi. Ma, con meno esperienza psicoanalitica, tento di capire se in un mondo tanto metropolitano e virtualizzato si possa educare più all’essere che all’avere.</p>
<p>La <strong><a href="http://it.wordpress.com/tag/selvatichezza/">selvatichezza</a></strong> (ebbene sì, ritorno lì) può essere una modalità educativa che aiuti in questo percorso?</p>
<p>Il piacere di conoscere un territorio, di percorrerlo, giocarlo, impararlo, può portare al rispetto per quel territorio, all’amore per ciò che offre, al desiderio di conservarne dinamicamente la bellezza, senza il bisogno di possederlo, mettere dei recinti, escludere?</p>
<p>E tutto ciò può portare a un atteggiamento di vita che più serenamente lascia le sue foglie per andare incontro ai cambiamenti in leggerezza ma non superficialmente?</p>
<p>Non so se la coltivazione degli orti e dei giardini ora tanto promossa nelle scuole ma così da lungo auspicata dai pedagogisti come <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a>, <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppina_Pizzigoni">Giuseppina Pizzigoni</a>, <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Montessori">Maria Montessori</a> abbia la stessa valenza. Direi di no. L’orto o il giardino educano all’attenzione, alla responsabilità finalizzate a una raccolta, a una gratificazione produttiva. A un possedere, sia pure per donare.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2378" title="roots32educandplay" src="http://attraversogiardini.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/roots32educandplay.jpg" alt="roots32educandplay" width="200" height="282" /></p>
<p>Non siamo gli unici a sentire il bisogno di educare alla selvatichezza: <a href="http://www.bgci.org/index.php?sec=education&#38;id=journal_archive&#38;yr=2006">Roots</a> (ottobre 2006), una interessante rivista di <a href="http://www.bgci.org/">Botanic Gardens Conservation</a>, scaricabile cliccando <a href="http://attraversogiardini.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/roots3-2.pdf">Roots 3.2</a>, espone esperienze e riflessioni interessanti su questi temi.</p>
<p>La selvatichezza (che non metto in alternativa ma come altra esperienza) educa al rispetto, alla responsabilità e alla condivisione che vengono dalla appartenenza al territorio. Un abitare da nomadi. Leggero come le capanne di frasche. Come una foglia che cade, senza fare BUM.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Citaat]]></title>
<link>http://zeegroen.wordpress.com/2009/10/30/citaat/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 10:55:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>martijn</dc:creator>
<guid>http://zeegroen.wordpress.com/2009/10/30/citaat/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;De omschakeling van een psychologie van het gebrek op een psychologie van de overvloed is een]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[&#8220;De omschakeling van een psychologie van het gebrek op een psychologie van de overvloed is een]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Zitate]]></title>
<link>http://daoweg.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/zitate-14/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 18:12:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ralphbuttler</dc:creator>
<guid>http://daoweg.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/zitate-14/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Erich Fromm (Vom Haben zum Sein): &#8221; Zuerst muß man sich aus dem Griff der Selbstsucht zu befre]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h3><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1265" title="Erich Fromm" src="http://daoweg.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/erichfromm8.jpg?w=247" alt="Erich Fromm" width="247" height="300" />Erich Fromm (Vom Haben zum Sein):</h3>
<p>&#8221; Zuerst muß man sich aus dem Griff der Selbstsucht zu befreien versuchen, indem man das, woran man sich festhält, loszulassen beginnt. Das bedeutet, Dinge aufzugeben, zu teilen beginnen und bereit zu sein, die Angst durchzustehen, die diese ersten kleinen Schritte begleitet. Dann wird man die Angst spüren, sich selbst zu verlieren. Diese entwickelt sich, wenn man Dinge verliert, die als Krücken für das eigene Selbstgefühl gedient haben&#8221;.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[A Book Review: The Making of an Elder Culture by Theodore Roszak]]></title>
<link>http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/a-book-review-the-making-of-an-elder-culture-by-theodore-roszak/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:44:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Glenn Berger</dc:creator>
<guid>http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/a-book-review-the-making-of-an-elder-culture-by-theodore-roszak/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[One of the great thrills of existence  is that there is an endless amount to learn. I recently wrote]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/making-of-an-elder-culture.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-439" title="making-of-an-elder-culture" src="http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/making-of-an-elder-culture.jpg" alt="making-of-an-elder-culture" width="200" height="300" /></a>One of the great thrills of existence  is that there is an endless amount to learn. I recently wrote a blog post predicting that as baby boomers entered the last third of their life there would be a resurgence of the 60&#8217;s values that many held in their youth. I was excited to discover that I was not alone in this hope. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roszak_%28scholar%29" target="_self">Dr. Theodore Roszak</a>, famous for his culture-defining 1968 work, <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/6642.php" target="_self">The Making of a Counterculture</a>, </em>and as a leading proponent of ecopsychology,<em> </em><em> </em>has written a book on this very topic called <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Making-Elder-Culture-Reflections-Generation/dp/0865716617">The Making of an Elder Culture</a> ,</em> published by <a href="http://www.newsociety.com/NSPhome.php" target="_self">New Society Publishers</a>.</p>
<p>It has been a joy to read this book and become familiar with the work of Dr. Rosjak (who I am embarrassed to admit I was not familiar with &#8212; there&#8217;s that joy of new discovery!). This 76-year-old maintains and embodies the spirit that he writes about. He writes with a vigor and an idealism of a person one-third his age. In his latest book Rosjak makes a compelling case that as the baby boomers live for decades past 65, they will reengage with their original, countercultural values and take a leadership role in making the world a better, fairer place.</p>
<p>Roszak sees the baby boom generation as the leading edge of a profound change in demographics that will dominate world culture for the foreseeable future. The combination of lowering birth rates and longevity will make the world an older, and hopefully, wiser place. The 60&#8217;s were a time when we believed that if we raised individual consciousness we could change the world. Dr. Roszak agress with the Confucian concept that we cannot &#8220;pull the shoots.&#8221; That is, we must respect nature&#8217;s rate of growth and change. There is nothing, he asserts, that has the potential to raise consciousness like aging.  When vast numbers of people live into their 90&#8217;s and beyond, their values will shape our world. We will become a world that prioritizes wellness, sustainable living, and learning. The values of consumption and growth for growth&#8217;s sake will give way to a world where mutual care will be of utmost concern. He lays down a challenge for this aging generation. He says that, &#8220;Theirs must be a noble, far-sighted cause. They must be the spearhead of a compassionate economy that spreads its benefits to everyone.&#8221; He has the audacity to propose an optimistic world vision that results in a healthy relationship with the places we live and our broader environment, and leads to a spiritual realization.</p>
<p>Discovering the works of Roszak has particular meaning for me because I am a proud member of the Radical Passe. The values of the counterculture have stuck with me through the decades of narcissism, greed and fear. It isn&#8217;t just the &#8217;60&#8217;s that have had a sustained appeal for me. I&#8217;m a fan of a whole world of thought that flowered with romanticism in 19th century Europe and passed on into a coma in 1980 with the election of Ronald Reagan. This was a tradition of humanism. It included the belief that the unexamined life was not worth living. It questioned the alienating values of industrial capitalism. Its religion was love. This tradition included <a class="zem_slink" title="Carl Jung" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung">Carl Jung</a>, <a class="zem_slink" title="John Lennon" rel="imdb" href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006168/">John Lennon</a> and <a class="zem_slink" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>. It brought us the art films from <a class="zem_slink" title="Jean Renoir" rel="imdb" href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0719756/">Jean Renoir</a> to Vittorio De Sica. We believed in the experiential educational principles of <a class="zem_slink" title="John Dewey" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey">John Dewey</a> and the therapy of <a class="zem_slink" title="Fritz Perls" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Perls">Fritz Perls</a>. It was based on the belief that there was something better to life than the world we inherited: that money, stuff and fitting in were not life&#8217;s ultimate goals and something &#8220;more&#8221; was worth fighting for.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, since this scene is mostly passed and not comprehended by most, my heroes are mostly dead. Ashley Montagu, <a class="zem_slink" title="Erich Fromm" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Fromm">Erich Fromm</a>, Confucius and Tolstoy are all gone. (There are a few exceptions, including <a href="http://www.harvillehendrix.com/" target="_self">Harville Hendrix</a> and some of my personal teachers who are not so well known). So I sometimes feel a little lonely at this end of the philosophical spectrum. This has increased my joy at discovering Roszak. Here&#8217;s a guy who is alive and whose thought and life I can admire. Here&#8217;s an invite, Theodore. How would you like to take on another piece of your &#8220;eldering&#8221; role? I&#8217;d love to add you to my mentor list.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[El amOr es un arte, tal cOmO es un arte el vivir - FrOmm]]></title>
<link>http://ccik.wordpress.com/?p=12</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2009 20:11:29 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>CciK</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ccik.wordpress.com/?p=12</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ Tal como han leido en el titulo sospecho muy seriamente el estarme enamorando- uds lectores se preg]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p> Tal como han leido en el titulo sospecho muy seriamente el estarme enamorando- uds lectores se preguntaran quien es el afortunado?- pues seguro algunos sabn y tal vez algunos no pro el caso es de que lo considero toda una tragedia- ¿porque? si el amor es tan bello- la verdad es de que no estoy segura de lo que quiero será [la idea de una relación] o (una relación con el en específico) aunque tengo tiempo de decidirme ya que el pequeño en cuestión es un poco  y va tardar en admitir que me quiere o si quiera que le gustó (ya que si me ha puesto el cursi &#8216;te quiero&#8217; al final de las conversaciones)</p>
<p>Lo que me lleva a mi otro punto: no lo consideró que sea mi tipo ¿porque? Pues mi tipo es un güero con ojos <span style="color:#3366ff;">azules</span> y con actitud un poco de &#8216;bad boy&#8217; en otras palabras que hasta cierto punto me pueda controlar ya que yo no soy el tipo de niña fácil de controlar soy lo que los niños consideran una &#8216;bitch&#8217; y no todo mundo me aguanta; algunos consideran que soy una ma-mo-na y la verdad si lo llegó ser sólo que depende de quien seas el como te trataré [también depende de la vibra que des pero esa es otra historia]</p>
<p>El caso es de que me enteré del niño en cuestión porque lo adivine, lo crean o no soy buena adivinando ese tipo de cosas simplemente que no me había sucedido en lo personal&#8230; Hasta que un día berry me confirmó mis sospechas y me dijo que no estaba histérica y creanme que lo creí  y desde entonces el niño lo &#8220;pública&#8221; con la esperanza de que alguien lo ayude aw mi vi la verdad si me da ternura pero todavía no decido cual es mi siguiente paso el sí-o el no?</p>
<p>Siempre he considerado que todo mundo merece una oportunidad (aunque la idea tampoco es que le digas si a cualquiera; una cosa es darle una oportunidad y otra totalmente distinta es verte como una zo-rra) nunca me ha sucedido el que hubiera pasado si? Porque yo no me arrepiento de mis decisiones, una vez que las hago me apego a ellas lo único es de que me pregunto porque me cuesta tanto trabajo decidirme?<br />
¿Es miedo lo único que me detiene o en mi inconsciente tengo más razones?<br />
Por lo menos lo que si tengo claro es de que esperare a ver cómo salen las cosas y conforme lo que pase es en lo que basare mi decisión<span style="color:#ff6600;"> (:</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[La oportunidad de dar]]></title>
<link>http://yogaantiguo.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/la-oportunidad-de-dar/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 18:57:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Natalia Sanmartín Gil</dc:creator>
<guid>http://yogaantiguo.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/la-oportunidad-de-dar/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Por Yael Barcesat &#8211; Vía TuVerde Foto: VivirMexico.com. “Mucho pierde quien nada tiene: la opor]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Por <a href="http://www.yaelbarcesat.com.ar" target="_blank">Yael Barcesat</a> &#8211; Vía <a href="http://http://www.tuverde.com/2009/10/calidad-de-vida-en-practica-la-oportunidad-de-dar/" target="_blank">TuVerde</a></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="Dar" src="http://www.tuverde.com/imagenes/2009/10/dar.jpg" alt="Dar" width="500" height="375" /><br />
<em>Foto: <a href="http://vivirmexico.com/">VivirMexico.com</a>.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><strong><em>“Mucho pierde quien nada tiene: la oportunidad de dar”. </em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><strong><em>DeRose.</em></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Dar genera fuerza. Erich Fromm aborda la dinámica de dar y recibir en su libro <em>El arte de amar</em>. El afirma que el placer de dar es mucho mayor que el de recibir, y eso se debe a que para dar es necesario tener. “Para el carácter productivo, dar […] constituye la más alta expresión de potencia”. El hecho de dar es, además, un ejercicio de la libertad.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Cuando uno da sin esperar nada a cambio, por el solo disfrute de la generosidad, recibe a cambio mucho más de lo que ofreció. Dar es más noble que recibir y produce más felicidad. El acto de dar tiene polaridad positiva en relación con el de recibir. Dar mueve el mundo, porque desencadena una reacción&#8230; [<a href="http://http://www.tuverde.com/2009/10/calidad-de-vida-en-practica-la-oportunidad-de-dar/" target="_blank">seguí leyendo acá</a>]</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Cinta Sejati dan Eksistensi Diri..]]></title>
<link>http://panzerjager.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/cinta-sejati-dan-eksistensi-diri/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2009 05:07:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>terow</dc:creator>
<guid>http://panzerjager.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/cinta-sejati-dan-eksistensi-diri/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Setelah mengalami sendiri dan kemudian mendengarkan kisah teman-teman penulis yg merasakan broken he]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Setelah mengalami sendiri dan kemudian mendengarkan kisah teman-teman penulis yg merasakan broken he]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Albert Eisntein, el Mistico]]></title>
<link>http://alsondelduende.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/albert-eisntein-el-mistico/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2009 16:49:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Daniel</dc:creator>
<guid>http://alsondelduende.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/albert-eisntein-el-mistico/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Buenos días, no sabía que Eisntein había dicho esto, y lo quiero resaltar, junto con algo escrito po]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Buenos días, no sabía que Eisntein había dicho esto, y lo quiero resaltar, junto con algo escrito por Erich Fromm y tomo estos dos ejemplos, de una corriente sinuosa y paradójica presente en muchos pensadores &#8230;</p>
<blockquote><p>“Los genios religiosos de todas las épocas se han distinguido por este sentimiento religioso especial, que no reconoce dogmas ni un Dios concebido a imagen y semejanza del hombre; no puede haber en consecuencia, iglesia cuyas doctrinas básicas se apoyen en él. Por tanto es precisamente entre los herejes de todas las épocas donde encontramos hombres imbuidos de ese tipo superior de pensamiento religioso, hombres considerados en muchos casos ateos por sus contemporáneos, y a veces considerados también santos. Si enfocamos de este modo a hombres como Demócrito, Francisco de Asis y Spinoza, veremos que existen entre ellos profundas relaciones.<!--more--><br />
¿Cómo puede comunicar y transmitir a una persona a otra ese sentimiento religiosos y cósmico, si este no puede engendrar ninguna noción definida de un Dios y de una teología? Según mi opinión la función más importante del arte y de la ciencia es la de despertar este sentimiento y mantenerlo vivo en quienes son receptivos a él ”</p></blockquote>
<p>Vea pues que se parece en algo a lo decía Erich Fromm en su libro el Arte de Amar en la parte sobre el amor a dios</p>
<blockquote><p>¿Cómo puede Dios tener un nombre, si no es una persona ni una<br />
cosa?</p>
<p>Cuando Moises habla con dios por primera vez, Moises le dice a dios que los hebreos no creeran que dios los ha enviado a salvarlos a menos que pueda darles el nombre de dios (¿cómo comprenderian los adoreadores de ídolos comprender un dios sin nombre, puesto que la escencia misma de un idolo es tener un nombre?) dios hace una concesión, dios le dice a Moises: &#60;&#60;Yo soy el que soy&#62;&#62;&#60;&#60;yo seré el que seré, ese es mi nombre&#62;&#62; El &#60;&#60; yo soy el que seré&#62;&#62; significa que dios no es finito, que no es una persona, que no es un &#60;&#60;ser&#62;&#62;. La traducción mas adecuada sería: dile que &#60;&#60;mi nombre es sin nombre&#62;&#62;. La prohibición de no hacer imágenes de dios y no pronunciar su nombre en vano y eventualmente de pronunciar su nombre en abssoluto, apunta a la misma finalidad, la de liberar al hombre de la idea de que dios es un padre, una persona. En el desarrollo teológico ulterior, la idea se transforma en el principio de que ni siquiera deben darse a Dios atributos positivos. Decir que dios es sabio, poderoso, bueno, implica nuevamente que es una persona; todo lo que puedo hacer es decir lo que dios no es, enumerar sus atributos negativos, postular que no es limitado, que no es malo, que no es injusto. Cuanto más sé lo que Dios no es, mayor es mi cono­cimiento de Dios</p></blockquote>
<p>Me gusta esta la animación de esta escena en El Principe de Egipto, cuando se presenta dios a moises.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/pDgeKofHFgI&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/pDgeKofHFgI&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Luego :</p>
<blockquote><p>La persona verdaderamente religiosa, que capta la esen­cia de la idea monoteísta, no reza por nada, no espera nada de Dios; no ama a Dios como un niño a su padre o a su madre; ha adquirido la humildad necesaria para percibir sus limitacio­nes, hasta el punto de saber que no sabe nada acerca de Dios</p></blockquote>
<p>En sí, mientras mas &#8220;alejados&#8221; estemos del concepto comun y segun Fromm: inmaduro, de &#8220;Dios&#8221; mas cerca estamos del &#8230; [super hombre] que es un hombre-dios que tiene dentro, en su conciencia, en su &#8220;corazon&#8221; lo que muchos encuentran en un &#60;&#60;ser&#62;&#62; aparte,  divino&#8230;</p>
<p>¿Por qué buscar afuera lo que hay que cultivar adentro?&#8230;.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Wirtschaft und Moral]]></title>
<link>http://teplan.wordpress.com/2009/10/04/wirtschaft-und-moral/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 04 Oct 2009 15:08:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stefan Teplan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://teplan.wordpress.com/2009/10/04/wirtschaft-und-moral/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Gibt es in unserer Wirtschaftordnung Platz für Moral? Rede von Stefan Teplan an der Fach-Hochschule ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:center;"><strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Gibt es in unserer Wirtschaftordnung Platz für Moral?</strong></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Rede von Stefan Teplan an der Fach-Hochschule für Betriebwirtschaft in Landshut 1979</em></p>
<p>Meine Damen und Herren!</p>
<p>Wenn ich im Folgenden Ihnen &#8211; Dozenten und Studenten an einer Hochschule der Betriebswirtschaft &#8211; darlegen werde, dass in unserer Wirtschaftsordnung kein Platz für Moral ist, so werde ich damit ungleich mehr Schwierigkeiten haben, Ihre Zustimmung und Sympathie zu gewinnen als mein Kollege aus dem Parallel-Semester, der Ihnen genau das Gegenteil beweisen möchte. Hieße das doch, Ihnen allen unverfroren ins Gesicht zu sagen, dass Sie  &#8211; und auch ich – uns hier jahrelang mit Unmoralischem beschäftigen, ja, unser ganzes Leben für unmoralische Zwecke einzusetzen gedenken.</p>
<p>Aus der Geschichte ist uns ja bekannt, dass, wo es um wirtschaftliches Wohl ging, man noch nie besonders heikel war, was das menschliche Wohl anbetraf, siehe Sklaverei, siehe Kinderarbeit, siehe kapitalistische Ausbeutung. Doch das sind bei uns Dinge der Vergangenheit und es ist heute, so scheint es, endgültig damit vorbei – spätestens seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Denn da knobelte man in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland eine neue und menschenwürdige Wirtschaftsordnung aus: die soziale Marktwirtschaft.</p>
<p>Wie Sie wissen, muss dabei sehr viel produziert und sollte genau so viel abgesetzt werden. Wettbewerb, Gewinnmaximierung, Wirtschaftswachstum sorgen dafür, dass die Produktion ständig gesteigert wird; der Erfolg eines Unternehmens wird denn auch gemessen am Zuwachs seiner Produktionsrate: Je mehr, desto besser. Im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes geht hier Quantität vor Qualität, denn qualitativ hochwertige Güter – nehmen wir zum Beispiel einmal Autos – haben den Nachteil, länger haltbar zu sein. Das ist zweifellos schlecht – für die Produktions- und Absatzziffern. Was also ist zu tun? Ganz einfach: Der Produzent muss Autos mit schlechterem Blech bauen, der Konsument muss mehr blechen: nämlich für drei mehr oder weniger schnelle, auf jeden Fall schnell verwesliche Autos anstatt für ein länger haltbares.</p>
<p>Sie sehen daran, meine Damen und Herren, dass hier nicht die Wirtschaft nach dem Menschen, sondern vielmehr der Mensch nach der Wirtschaft ausgerichtet wird. Der Mensch in der Industriegesellschaft hat sich gefälligst nach der Wirtschaft zu richten – und so liegt auch sein Wohl nicht in seelischem Glück, Liebe und innerer Zufriedenheit, sondern in wirtschaftlichem Wohlstand. Wir sind von einer wahren Seuche des ökonomischen Nutzdenkens befallen, die – und das ist das ist Schlimme daran – unsere menschlichen Werte langsam zerstört und unseren mitmenschlichen Beziehungen, unseren sittlichen Normen, unserer Moral den langsamen Tod bereitet. Der Psychoanalytiker und Sozialpsychologe Erich Fromm wies darauf hin, dass in früheren Gesellschaften und Kulturen das wirtschaftliche Verhalten bestimmt gewesen sei durch die jeweiligen ethischen und moralischen Normen, heute aber die Wirtschaft die ethischen Werte bestimme.<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn1">[i]</a> Ich zitiere hierzu einen Ausspruch Schumachers. „Die Wirtschaft als Lebensinhalt ist eine tödliche Krankheit, denn unbegrenztes Wachstum passt nicht in eine begrenzte Welt. Dass die Wirtschaft nicht Lebensinhalt sein <em>sollte</em>, ist der Menschheit von allen ihren großen Lehrern gesagt worden; dass sie es nicht sein <em>kann</em>, ist heute evident. Will man diese tödliche Krankheit weiter beschreiben, so könnte man sagen, sie habe Ähnlichkeit mit einer Sucht wie dem Alkoholismus oder dem Drogenmissbrauch … Wenn die geistige Kultur, die Kultur des inneren Menschen, vernachlässigt wird, dann bleibt die Selbstsucht die dominierende Macht. Ein auf Egoismus basierendes System wie der Kapitalismus passt besser zu dieser Orientierung als ein System der Liebe zu seinen Mitmenschen.&#8221;<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn2">[ii]</a></p>
<p>Wenn Sie sich die Mühe machen wollen, meine sehr verehrten Zuhörerinnen und Zuhörer, prüfen Sie doch einmal im Bereich Ihrer eigenen Alltagserfahrungen nach, welcher Geist da vorherrscht: der der Nächstenliebe oder der der Selbstbezogenheit, der Partnerschaft oder der Gegnerschaft? Muus nicht jeder ständig – angestachelt von einem unbarmherzigen Leistungsdruck und Erfolgszwang – krampfhaft auf seinen eigenen Vorteil bedacht sein, um im Wettrennen mitzuhalten oder, noch besser, dabei möglichst noch seinen Gegner zu überflügeln. Wer hart ist, eifrig und zielstrebig, kommt voran; moralische Werte wie Hilfsbereitschaft, Mitleid, Liebe dienen dem Erfolg nicht, vielmehr behindern sie ihn. Also regiert der Egoismus!</p>
<p>Der Psychologe Peter Lauster schreibt, dass der Egoismus sogar in Seminaren für Führungskräfte als Taktik für den beruflichen Erfolg gelehrt werde. Er berichtet dabei von den so genannten „Machiavelli-Seminaren“ der amerikanischen <em>Cornell’s Graduate School Of Business And Public Administration</em> und behauptet, alle Managerschulungen liefen im Grunde auf das Machiavelli-Prinzip hinaus. Zum Verständnis: Machiavelli war ein Staatsphilosoph, der eine Erfolgslehre aufstellte, in der Macht und Erfolg sich rücksichtslos über alle moralischen Grundsätze hinwegsetzen müssen. Nach Peter Lauster zeigt diese Machiavelli-Persönlichkeitsstruktur folgende Merkmale:</p>
<p>„Gefühle werden zurückgedrängt und das persönliche Auftreten wird so weit als möglich emotionslos gehalten, damit keine Regung etwas über die vorgesehene Taktik verrät.</p>
<p>Der Mitmensch wird als ein objektartiges Subjekt auf einem Schachbrett angesehen. Er wird emotionslos, mitleidlos, unabhängig von moralischen Bedenken manipuliert.</p>
<p>Moralische Bedenken spielen für den Machiavellisten keine Rolle, weil nur der erreichte Erfolg zählt, auch wenn er mit Selbstbetrug und Lüge zu Stande kommt.</p>
<p>Wichtig ist die realistische und ‚knallharte‘ Realitätsangepasstheit. Die einzig gültigen Idole sind Macht und Erfolg. Der Machiavellist macht sich keine Gedanken über die Verbesserung der Gesellschaft, sondern versucht, von Missständen und Schwächen der Mitmenschen und der Gesellschaft (zum Beispiel Gesetzeslücken) ‚legal‘ zu profitieren.</p>
<p>Es zählt einzig und allein das konkret Machbare, das einen persönlichen Vorteil bringt, auch wenn andere dabei einen Nachteil erleiden.“<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn3">[iii]</a></p>
<p>Es ist, meine Damen und Herren, vielleicht noch interessant zu wissen, dass Machiavelli 1469 geboren wurde – meiner Ansicht nach 500 Jahre zu früh. Er kann vieles nicht mehr erleben.</p>
<p>Ich habe Ihnen nun also eine der grundlegendsten Eigenschaften der sozialen Marktwirtschaft vorgestellt: das Wettbewerbsprinzip, das sich, wie wir gesehen haben, nicht nur auf den wirtschaftlichen Bereich allein erstreckt. Lassen Sie mich jetzt zu einer weiteren Seite dieses Systems übergehen: Eine Marktwirtschaft ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass &#8211; ich zitiere eine Definition aus dem „Handlexikon zur Politikwissenschaft“ -<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn4">[iv]</a> „die Lenkung des Wirtschaftsprozesses dem Marktautomatismus überlassen wird, der die freien Entscheidungen der selbstverantwortlichen privaten Wirtschaftssubjekte über Kauf und Verkauf mit Hilfe des Preismechanismus koordiniert.“ Das klingt sehr kompliziert, bedeutet aber im Grunde nichts anderes als das uns bekannte Gesetz von Angebot und Nachfrage. Angeblich ist es nur auf den Warenmarkt beschränkt, in Wirklichkeit aber wirkt es genau so wie das Wettbewerbsprinzip in den menschlichen Bereich hinein. Wir sehen das schon an der Redewendung, ein Mensch sei „gefragt“. Zwar ist der Mensch heute durch soziale Gesetzgebung vor ausbeuterischen Methoden, wie sie im Kapitalismus des 19. Jahrhunderts praktiziert wurden, zum größten Teil geschützt, doch die Marxsche Kritik, der Mensch sei nur eine Ware auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, trifft immer noch zu. Für den Unternehmer ist der Mensch nur ein Arbeitsapparat, den er sich für eine gewisse Summe kaufen kann. Er kann dabei noch ein gutes soziales Gewissen haben, denn schließlich gibt er einem Menschen Arbeit und gewährleistet so die Sicherung seiner Existenz. Wie weit das soziale Gewissen aber geht, wird besonders seit einigen Jahren deutlich, als sich vermehrt Chancen boten, den Kostenfaktor Mensch auf vielen Gebieten zu ersetzen: das Zauberwort heißt Rationalisierung. Denken Sie an die EDV, denken Sie an den Streit in der Druckereibranche vor einem Jahr.</p>
<p>Betriebswirtschaftlich gesehen ist eine einmalige Anschaffung einer Computeranlage natürlich rentabler als einem Dutzend Arbeiter Monat für Monat Geld zuzustecken. Die Kostenfrage entscheidet stets; deshalb produzieren deutsche Unternehmer auch lieber in unterentwickelten Ländern, wo die Arbeitskräfte nur einen Bruchteil der hiesigen Lohnsätze kosten.</p>
<p>Wo der Mensch nur noch ein ersetzbares Arbeitsmittel mit einem bestimmten Preis ist, ist jedoch kein Platz für Menschenwürde und Moral. Da wird der Mensch degradiert zu einem Objekt, das funktionieren muss und weggeworfen werden kann, wenn es nicht mehr benötigt wird.</p>
<p>Ein Mercedes gilt mehr als ein VW, ein Direktor mehr als ein Verkäufer; die Achtung, die der Mensch genießt, hängt von seinem „Marktwert“ ab. Einen sehr hohen Marktwert besitzen beispielsweise Sportler und Pop-Stars. So ließ auch eine US-amerikanische Schallplattenfirma den Pop-Sänger Elton John auf 50 Millionen Dollar versichern. Der Mensch muss sich zwangsweise erleben als „Gebrauchswert“, als „Tauschwert auf dem Persönlichkeitsmarkt“<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn5">[v]</a>. Das Verhältnis der Menschen zueinander wird davon bestimmt, was man vom anderen hat, was einem der andere bringt. „Noch die intimste Bindung“, schreibt der Soziologe Arno Plack, „wird Bindung von Gnaden des Erfolgs.“<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn6">[vi]</a> Plack berichtet in diesem Zusammenhang von einer jungen Dame, die ihm erzählt habe, sie habe ein Töchterheim besucht, in dem die Mädchen von den Erzieherinnen angehalten werden, junge Männer beim Kennenlernen immer sofort und als erstes nach Beruf und Berufsaussichten zu fragen“ und kommt zu dem Schluss, man dürfe sich nicht wundern, dass dem „Ethos des Erfolges auch die entsprechenden moralischen Anstalten erwachsen.“<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn7">[vii]</a></p>
<p>Man mag mir nun entgegenhalten, dies alles sei doch sehr übertrieben und gerade in unserer Zeit bemühten sich die Unternehmer um humane Arbeitsplätze und Verbesserung der zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen im Betrieb. Wie passt das zu dem gezeigten Bild? Haben die Führungsspitzen plötzlich die Liebe zum Mitmenschen entdeckt? Oder was sonst veranlasst sie zu solchen Schritten? &#8211; Beileibe nicht moralische Gründe, es sei denn „wirtschaftsmoralische“ und das heißt übersetzt: die Gier nach ständig größerer Leistung und Produktion. Man hat klug erkannt, dass der Mensch in einem freundlichen Klima mehr Willen zur Leistung zeigt; ich zitiere hierzu aus dem „Wöhe“, der „Bibel des Betriebswirtschaftlers“, wie ein Dozent an dieser Hochschule einmal bemerkte: „Herrscht zwischen den Angehörigen eines Betriebes Neid, Missgunst und Misstrauen … dann wirkt sich ein solchermaßen gestörtes Betriebsklima hemmend auf den Produktionsprozess aus. Fühlt sich der Arbeitnehmer durch seine Vorgesetzten in seiner Menschenwürde missachtet, glaubt er, dass er durch sie falsch beurteilt und ungerecht behandelt wird … wird er sehr schnell der Arbeit im Betriebe überdrüssig, dann wird der Betrieb nicht mehr mit seinem vollen Arbeitseinsatz …rechnen können.“<a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_edn8">[viii]</a></p>
<p>Ich bleibe also bei meiner Behauptung: Der Mensch wird – in der Arbeitswelt wie auch in seiner privaten Sphäre – nicht mehr als Mensch geachtet, sondern gewinnt nur Wert durch seine wirtschaftliche Leistung.</p>
<p>Was ich als ein wichtiges, ja vielleicht das hauptsächliche Charakteristikum des modernen Industriemenschen ansehe ist, dass er kaum noch ein Charakteristikum besitzt. Er ist genau so genormt wie die Massenkonsumgüter, die er in Massenproduktion herstellt.  Er wird immer unpersönlicher und verliert allmählich seine Identität. Die Redewendung, der Mensch sei bald nur mehr eine Nummer, hat die EDV in wenigen Jahren vielleicht schon sprichwörtlich wahr gemacht. Dadurch würde sich der Begriff der Moral erübrigen, denn gegenüber einer Nummer kann ich mich nicht moralisch oder unmoralisch verhalten. Meine Beziehung zum Mitmenschen kann dann von keiner sittlichen Norm mehr getragen sein; es ist die Beziehung von einem Automaten zu einem Automaten. Wo es Menschen gibt, da gibt es Moral; eine Entmenschlichung führt zwangsweise zu einer Entmoralisierung. So wird nicht nur die Moral aufgelöst, sondern der gesamte Begriff der Moral. Wir können dieses Wort – das uns doch heute schon etwas sehr abstrakt erscheint – dann aus unserem Vokabular streichen, so wie die Sowjet-Union den Begriff „Menschenrechte“ nicht akzeptiert.</p>
<p>Und die Frage „Gibt es in unserer Wirtschaftsordnung Platz für Moral?“ können wir nicht mehr mit Nein beantworten, sondern überhaupt nicht oder höchstens so: „Es gibt nur Wirtschaft.“</p>
<p>Meine Damen und Herren, lassen Sie mich zum Schluss kommen. Der Versuch, eine gerechte und menschenwürdige Wirtschaftsordnung zu errichten, ist – so viel kann man abschließend urteilen – gescheitert. Die Gründe sind:</p>
<ol>
<li>Man hat den wirtschaftlichen Fortschritt zum Selbstzweck erhoben und die ethischen und moralischen Werte des menschlichen Zusammenlebens dabei übergangen.</li>
<li>Man hat den Menschen selbst zu einem Objekt auf dem wirtschaftlichen Markt gemacht und so die Achtung und Würde vor seiner Natur verloren und</li>
<li>Man hat durch die totale Entfremdung und Entpersonalisierung die Zukunft des Menschen <em>als</em> Mensch auf das Äußerste bedroht und so dem Bestehen einer Moral jeglichen Boden entzogen.</li>
</ol>
<p>Zu warten und zu hoffen ist auf eine neue Konzeption einer gerechten und menschlichen Wirtschaftsform, wozu in diversen wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Theorien – ich nenne als ein Beispiel jene von Ota Sik – bereits Ansätze zu finden sind.</p>
<p>Ich danke Ihnen allen sehr herzlich für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit.</p>
<hr size="1" /><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref1"><em>[i]</em></a><em> Fromm, Erich, Haben oder Sein, Deutsche Verlagsanstalt Stuttgart, 1976</em></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref2"><em>[ii]</em></a><em> a.a.O., S.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref3"><em>[iii]</em></a><em> Lauster, Peter, Lassen Sie sich nichts gefallen, Econ Verlag, Wien und Düsseldorf,1976, S. 135 f.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref4"><em>[iv]</em></a><em> Görlitz, Axel, Handlexikon zur Politikwissenschaft, Franz Ehrenwirt KG, München 1972, S. 234</em></p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref5"><em>[v]</em></a><em> Fromm, Erich, Haben oder Sein, Deutsche Verlagsanstalt Stuttgart 1976, S. 144</em></p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref6"><em>[vi]</em></a><em> Plack, Arno, Die Gesellschaft und das Böse, Paul List Verlag, München 1967</em></p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref7"><em>[vii]</em></a><em> a.a.O.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://teplan.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ednref8"><em>[viii]</em></a><em> Wöhe, Günther, Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Frazn Vahlen Verlag, München 1975</em></p>
<p><em>Ferner wurden zum Studium verwendet:</em></p>
<p><em>Ottomeyer, Klaus, Ökonomische Zwänge und menschliche Beziehungen, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1977</em></p>
<p><em>Ostermeyer, Helmut, Die Revolution der Vernunft, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1977</em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Copyright: Stefan Teplan</p>
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<title><![CDATA[(ir)Racionalidad]]></title>
<link>http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/10/02/irracionalidad/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2009 20:36:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/10/02/irracionalidad/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ya en un artículo anterior, citando a Erich Fromm, dije que los aportes del Psicoanálisis no contrad]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">Ya en <strong><a href="http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/09/06/etica-y-psicoanalisis/">un artículo anterior</a></strong>, citando a Erich Fromm, dije que los aportes del Psicoanálisis no contradicen el desarrollo de una ética universalista—como la ética kantiana, por ejemplo—. Y es que el conflicto aparente que lleva a enfrentar ambas teorías no es otro que el de la racionalidad frente a la irracionalidad.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Mucho se dice de la irracionalidad, a tal punto que parece haberse puesto de moda. Sin embargo, tal conflicto—me parece—es superficial, y en realidad la racionalidad es el conjunto más amplio, que incluye a la irracionalidad, y la hace inteligible en primer lugar.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">
<p style="text-align:justify;">Citaré una vez más al infalible Allen W. Wood, que incluso en sus notas al pie de página (página 301, nota 19) nos brinda análisis invaluables.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">
<div id="attachment_690" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 254px"><img class="size-full wp-image-690 " title="Caricatura irracional" src="http://tbpd.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/rman3953l.jpg" alt="La irracionalidad se muestra mejor en la política." width="244" height="280" /><p class="wp-caption-text">La irracionalidad se muestra mejor en la política.</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding-left:60px;">A veces actuamos por razones de las cuales no somos conscientes, o sobre las cuales estamos en negación. La gente a veces piensa que casos como éste cuentan contra la libertad del albedrío. Pero claramente presuponen una libertad práctica en sentido negativo tanto como en casos que actuamos por las razones que creemos actuamos. Las explicaciones freudianas a veces atribuyen a subsistemas inconscientes u organismos en la mente el comportamiento que está motivado por razones. Por ejemplo, una persona obsesivo-compulsiva puede lavarse las manos con frecuencia porque esa es la mejor manera de reducir un conflicto psíquico del que no es consciente (excepto en la forma de una poderosa necesidad de lavarse las manos). Para reducir este conflicto en su comportamiento existe, entonces, no una explicación causal, sino una basada en razones; incluso si el comportamiento es en un sentido amplio &#8220;irracional&#8221; e incluso si la persona no es consciente (o está suprimiendo) la razón real de por qué está haciendo lo que hace. Por lo general, el comportamiento &#8220;irracional&#8221; no es más que una especie de comportamiento racional — no es un comportamiento que podamos explicar como el de un robot, de acuerdo a causas mecánicas, sino que es usualmente explicado por un conjunto de razones de las que el agente no es consciente (y que usualmente no serían vistas como buenas razones, si pudiesen ser sopesadas racionalmente). Sólo los seres con la capacidad de actuar de acuerdo a razones, por lo tanto con libertad práctica en sentido negativo, que implican múltiples posibilidades, y con la ausencia de una necesitación externa son capaces de comportarse irracionalmente<strong>[1]</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La cita de Wood, como habrán podido notar, se da en el contexto de la discusión sobre la libertad del albedrío, <strong><a href="http://tbpd.wordpress.com/tag/libertad-del-albedrio/">tema que estoy tratando también</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">. </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ah, y efectivamente este post no tiene nada que ver con <strong><a href="http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/08/24/irracionalidades/">el simposio de estudiantes de nombre similar</a></strong>.</p>
<hr size="1" />
<p style="line-height:18px;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 15px;padding:0;"><strong>[1]</strong> Allen W. Wood, <em><strong><a href="http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/07/30/kantian-ethics/">Kantian Ethics</a></strong></em><em> </em>(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008). La imperfecta y apurada traducción es mía, así que para referencia, pongo la cita también en su idioma original.</p>
<p style="line-height:18px;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 15px;padding:0;">
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:91px;width:1px;height:1px;">Sometimes we act for reasons of which we are not aware, or about which we are in denial. People sometimes think cases like this count against freedom of the will. But clearly they presuppose practical freedom in the negative sense every bit as much as cases in which we act for the reasons we think we act. Freudian explanations</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:91px;width:1px;height:1px;">sometimes ascribe to unconscious subsystems or agencies in the mind behavior that is motivated by reasons. For example, an obsessive-compulsive person might wash his hands frequently because this is the best way to reduce a psychic conflict of which he is not consciously aware (except in the form of a powerful need to wash his hands). To reduce this conflict is then not a causal but a reasons-explanation for his behavior, even if the behavior is in a larger sense “irrational” and even if the person is unaware of (or suppressing) the real reason why he is doing what he is doing. In general, “irrational” behavior is merely a species of rational behavior – it is not behavior that is to be explained like the behavior of a robot, according to mechanical causes, but is usually explained by a set of reasons of which the agent is not aware (and which usually would not be seen as good reasons for it, if they could be weighed rationally). Only beings that have the capacity to act for reasons, hence practical freedom in the negative sense, involving multiple possibilities, and an absence of external necessitation are capable of irrational behavior. This and the behavior of birds and cats are merely two respects in which those who think it is easy to deny freedom of the will, or who think they can rid themselves of the problem of freedom at zero metaphysical cost by some easy form of compatibilism, underestimate the difficulty of taking either of these positions.</div>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Sometimes we act for reasons of which we are not aware, or about which we are in denial. People sometimes think cases like this count against freedom of the will. But clearly they presuppose practical freedom in the negative sense every bit as much as cases in which we act for the reasons we think we act. Freudian explanations sometimes ascribe to unconscious subsystems or agencies in the mind behavior that is motivated by reasons. For example, an obsessive-compulsive person might wash his hands frequently because this is the best way to reduce a psychic conflict of which he is not consciously aware (except in the form of a powerful need to wash his hands). To reduce this conflict is then not a causal but a reasons-explanation for his behavior, even if the behavior is in a larger sense “irrational” and even if the person is unaware of (or suppressing) the real reason why he is doing what he is doing. In general, “irrational” behavior is merely a species of rational behavior — it is not behavior that is to be explained like the behavior of a robot, according to mechanical causes, but is usually explained by a set of reasons of which the agent is not aware (and which usually would not be seen as good reasons for it, if they could be weighed rationally). Only beings that have the capacity to act for reasons, hence practical freedom in the negative sense, involving multiple possibilities, and an absence of external necessitation are capable of irrational behavior.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[La rarefazione dell'amore]]></title>
<link>http://andreapomella.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/la-rarefazione-dellamore/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 10:06:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Andrea Pomella</dc:creator>
<guid>http://andreapomella.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/la-rarefazione-dellamore/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Secondo i poeti l’amore è un sentimento rimasto uguale a se stesso per secoli. Da parte mia credo ch]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Secondo i poeti l’amore è un sentimento rimasto uguale a se stesso per secoli. Da parte mia credo ch]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[The September Issue (2009) - The Lair of the Clockwork God]]></title>
<link>http://ruthlessculture.com/2009/09/28/the-september-issue-2009-the-lair-of-the-clockwork-god/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2009 22:29:29 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jonathan McCalmont</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ruthlessculture.com/2009/09/28/the-september-issue-2009-the-lair-of-the-clockwork-god/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Due to a lack of money, a lack of time, a lack of people to impress and a lack of a body that someon]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Due to a lack of money, a lack of time, a lack of people to impress and a lack of a body that someone would want to make clothes for, I have little interest in what is fashionable.  I dress in pretty much the same way I did when I was 14 and I think I still have some of the same socks.  As a result, you might expect me to have little interest in R. J. Cutler’s documentary about the construction of the September 2007 issue of <em>Vogue</em> magazine.  Well, you might very well expect that, but you would be utterly wrong.  It is precisely because I have no interest in what is fashionable that I find the world of fashion so profoundly compelling. Films about the fashion industry are explorations of another culture completely different to my own.  A culture with a good deal of impact upon the world that we all inhabit.  Because of its power and the strangeness of its people and institutions, the fashion industry is a fascinating subject for a film.  Regardless of whether it is explored through mockery (as with Robert Altman’s 1994 <em>Pret-a-Porter</em>), hagiography (as with Rodolphe Marconi’s 1997<em> Lagerfeld Confidential</em>) or thinly veiled contempt (as with David Frankel’s 2006 <em>The Devil Wears Prada</em>).</p>
<p>R.J. Cutler’s <em><strong>The September Issue</strong></em> approaches the subject with a mixture of awe and mockery but, despite some initial setbacks, the film provides some genuine insight into how it is that the world of fashion functions and why it is that it has so much power over our society.</p>
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<div id="attachment_859" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-859" title="september-issue-poster-horizontal" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/september-issue-poster-horizontal.jpg?w=300" alt="Film Poster" width="300" height="195" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Film Poster</p></div>
<p>Initially, Cutler’s film seems wide of the mark.  Because the film is reliant upon the access granted to it by <em>Vogue</em>’s editor Anna Wintour, it spends a lot of time following her around and trying to understand her.  But this was always profoundly wrong-headed.  Wintour has spent decades carefully building up a reputation for being distant, cold and autocratic and she is the editor of the most influential magazine in an industry that is all about the projection of image.  At this point, to suggest that there is a real, thinking and feeling person behind the façade would be devastating to Wintour’s credibility and it will take more that a camera crew to do her that kind of damage.  Indeed, aside from a few rather fruitless interviews with Wintour about her childhood and her feelings about the job, we mostly see her politely trying not to cringe and effortlessly shooting down the carefully constructed and exquisitely produced lay-outs pieced together by her long-term collaborator and foil, the wonderfully sardonic former model Grace Coddington.  Perhaps realising that he was getting nowhere with Wintour, Cutler then switches the emphasis towards Coddington, who works with Wintour enough that we at least see the impact of her editorial style and choices, if not the motivations behind them.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<div id="attachment_860" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 209px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-860" title="AnnaWintour" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/annawintour.jpg?w=199" alt="Anna Wintour in armour" width="199" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Anna Wintour in armour</p></div>
<p>Coddington is very much the star of the film.  Where Wintour is carefully poker-faced, Coddington is an open book.  A striking woman with a mane of wild red hair, a slightly asymmetrical face due to a car accident and a fondness for almost shapeless black dresses, she mutters and grinds her teeth as she pops into the lay-out room to discover that even more of her precious photographs have been binned by the autocratic Wintour.  Wintour’s refusal to explain herself often has Coddington close to tears, laying the basis for one of the film’s real achievements.</p>
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<div id="attachment_861" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 210px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-861" title="grace-coddington" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/grace-coddington.jpg?w=200" alt="Grace Coddington" width="200" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Grace Coddington</p></div>
<p><strong><em>The September Issue</em></strong> argues that, beneath the glitz and silliness (provided by the wonderful <em>Vogue</em> Editor at Large Andre Leon Talley, who arrives at a tennis lesson with a suite of Louis Vitton luggage filled with towels and bottles of water), fashion is an institution with roots firmly embedded in artistic soil.  To watch the way in which Coddington seeks inspiration and carefully constructs the wardrobes and looks of her shoots is undeniably to see an artist at work.  The photos are not about selling clothes, they are about communicating a mood, a feeling and a trend that is currently central to the global fashion community.  It is a process reminiscent of the Renaissance : Decisions are made about what is in and artistic people are sent off to find ways of visually representing the intuitions and the diktats and the management.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<div id="attachment_862" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 210px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-862" title="AndreLeonTalley" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/andreleontalley.jpg?w=200" alt="Andre Leon Talley" width="200" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Andre Leon Talley</p></div>
<p>However, while <strong><em>The September Issue</em></strong> undeniably fails to come to grips with Anna Wintour, its resulting decision to look at the ways in which she influences the people around her, does yield some real food for thought.  In particular when it comes to answering the question of why it is that Wintour has so much power.</p>
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<div id="attachment_863" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 294px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-863" title="AristotleU" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/aristotleu.gif?w=284" alt="The Aristotelean Universe" width="284" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">The Aristotelean Universe</p></div>
<p>We are told, repeatedly. that Wintour gets it right.  However, what this means is not particularly clear.  We learn that Wintour hates black and loves fur.  We also learn that she pre-empted the rise of celebrities but what this actually means is not clear either&#8230; were there no celebrities prior to the late 80s?  As the film progresses, it becomes clear that Wintour’s power is not due to any particularly refined aesthetic sensibility, if anything, the film presents her as a philistine, playing her decisions for laughs and pathos as she is forever shooting down the much more sensitive and sympathetic Coddington.  Nor does it flow from any particular  insight into what the punters want.  Vogue has no interest in what people like.  People will like what they are told to like.  Instead, Wintour’s power seems to flow from a sense of responsibility.  Indeed, Wintour is responsible not just for everything that goes on in <em>Vogue</em>, but also everything that goes on in the fashion industry.</p>
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<div id="attachment_864" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-864" title="AristotleU2" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/aristotleu2.jpg?w=300" alt="An artistic depiction of Aristotle's Universe" width="300" height="234" /><p class="wp-caption-text">An artistic depiction of Aristotle&#39;s Universe</p></div>
<p>Due to its bizarre combination of art and commerce, the fashion industry is not just a pretentious way of talking about the rag trade.  It is not a nakedly Darwinian case of survival of the company who gives people what it wants.  Instead, fashion is a much more top down market-place where the clocks are re-wound every season. Indeed, a designer might well have a terrible autumn but there is nothing stopping them from bringing out a great collection in the spring and taking the world by storm.  So, rather than being like a Darwinian jungle, the fashion industry functions more like the clockwork universe of Aristotle : There are commercial forces sure enough, but they are stopped and started at arbitrary points.  As with Aristotle’s metaphysics, the clockwork economics of the fashion industry requires an unmoved mover; a spark of change that will set the artistic agenda and re-start the market forces.  Wintour, according to Cutler, is that unmoved mover.  She is aloof and impenetrable because she cannot be second-guessed or be seen to be making arbitrary decisions.  Because of this, she wears a poker face in meetings and attends fashion shows wearing huge dark glasses that hide any involuntary emotional reactions she might have to the clothes.  Wintour has power because she is willing to take responsibility.  She is willing to cut a swathe through the commercial concerns of clothing retailers, the preciousness of designers and the opinions of her staff and say that she wants the September issue to have lots of textures and colours.  Everyone willingly surrenders this power to her and she happily carries it on her shoulders.  She is the great decider.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<div id="attachment_865" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 221px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-865" title="LouisXIV" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/0louisxiv.jpg?w=211" alt="Louis XIV" width="211" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Louis XIV</p></div>
<p>Of course, why it is that the fashion industry should require such an unmoved mover is never really touched upon.  Wintour is a clockwork god to whom the fashion world owes obeisance and because this film required her consent and access to her and her offices, we never get an outsider’s perspective on the weirdly co-dependent relationship between the editor of Vogue and the institutions of the fashion industry.  Indeed,  <strong><em>The September Issue</em></strong> is clearly a film in which agendas are advanced : Coddington gets a name for herself as an artistic genius (Wintour drops the G-bomb towards the end of the film) while Wintour bolsters her reputation for being the fashion world’s answer to Louis XIV : <em>L&#8217;Etat, C&#8217;est Moi.</em></p>
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<div id="attachment_866" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 221px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-866" title="dictator" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/dictator.jpg?w=211" alt="Film Poster" width="211" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Film Poster</p></div>
<p>However, despite the tangible sense that the film is ‘spun’, <strong><em>The September Issue</em></strong>’s thesis of Wintour as a clockwork god of fashion is a compelling one that provides some explanations of why Vogue matters to people and why people allow themselves to be told what to wear.  The film is essentially arguing that people are sheep and they yearn for someone who will tell them what to do and while this vision of humanity may well be deeply misanthropic, it does make sense.  Given so many choices of how we should look, is it not natural to want someone to tell us what will make us look good and what will make us fit in?  In <em>Existentialism is a Humanism</em>, Sartre speaks of people who, when they realise that they are free are crippled with fear.  They would rather surrender their free will rather than accept responsibility for not only their actions but also the moral codes that bind their actions.  In fact, Erich Fromm saw this urge as central to explaining the rise of Fascism.  He called it a desire to Escape from Freedom.  If making our own moral judgements can be such an alienating and unpleasant experience, why should the same not be true of decisions as to what colour of jumper to buy or what kind of shoes to wear?  Someone has to make these decisions&#8230; will you?</p>
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<div id="attachment_867" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 206px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-867" title="Fromm" src="http://ruthlessculture.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/fromm.jpg?w=196" alt="Cover picture of Erich Fromm's Escape from Freedom" width="196" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Cover picture of Erich Fromm&#39;s Escape from Freedom</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Mike Papantonio and Max Blumenthal on Republican Gomorrah]]></title>
<link>http://fuckconservatives.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/mike-papantonio-and-max-blumenthal-on-republican-gomorrah/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 06:49:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jr</dc:creator>
<guid>http://fuckconservatives.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/mike-papantonio-and-max-blumenthal-on-republican-gomorrah/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[part 1 part 2]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>part 1</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/PZfsevsbAhM&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/PZfsevsbAhM&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>part 2</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/LLet8uKEw74&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/LLet8uKEw74&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Il patriottismo, la sofferenza e le Frecce Tricolori]]></title>
<link>http://zamparini.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/il-patriottismo-la-sofferenza-e-le-frecce-tricolori/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2009 16:28:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>zamparini</dc:creator>
<guid>http://zamparini.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/il-patriottismo-la-sofferenza-e-le-frecce-tricolori/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[la voce della ragione, conosciuta anche come vox populi, vox dei In questa messa in scena dello spet]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_681" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 460px"><a href="http://zamparini.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/pace.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-681 " title="pace" src="http://zamparini.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/pace.jpg" alt="la voce della ragione, conosciuta anche come vox populi, vox dei" width="450" height="325" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">la voce della ragione, conosciuta anche come vox populi, vox dei</p></div>
<p>In questa messa in scena dello spettacolo propagandistico attorno alla morte dei militari italiani in Afganistan, i mezzi d&#8217;informazione non hanno non potuto registrare la v<em>ox populi </em>diretta al governo del paese: <a href="http://www.repubblica.it/2009/09/sezioni/esteri/afghanistan-20/folla-berlusconi/folla-berlusconi.html" target="_blank"><strong><strong>&#8220;Ritirateli, quanti morti ancora?&#8221;</strong></strong></a>.</p>
<p>Il patriottismo ideologico &#8211; che fu definito come <em>l&#8217;ultimo rifugio dei mascalzoni</em> &#8211; ci ha bombardati di luoghi comuni, usando tutti i trucchi della propaganda, Frecce Tricolori incluse. E tuttavia la voce della ragione è risuonata piu&#8217; volte e come la voce del bambino che vede il re nudo, <a href="http://www.repubblica.it/2009/09/sezioni/esteri/afghanistan-20/folla-berlusconi/folla-berlusconi.html" target="_blank">ha rotto l&#8217;incantesimo dell&#8217;ipocrisia</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Poi l&#8217;incidente durante lo scambio del segno della pace, quando un uomo ha preso un microfono ed è andato sull&#8217;altare gridando più volte <strong>&#8220;pace subito&#8221;</strong> prima di essere portato via dalla sicurezza.</p></blockquote>
<p>La voce della ragione puo&#8217; venire dai luoghi piu&#8217; improbabili, come è accaduto quando il ministro Bossi ha dichiarato: <em>&#8220;li abbiamo mandati noi in Afghanistan e sono tornati morti&#8221;.</em></p>
<p><em>Vox populi, vox dei</em>. E&#8217; deprimente che il Partito Democratico ripudi la migliore tradizione dell&#8217;umanità, la ricerca di pace e giustizia, la non-violenza, la compassione, la <em>caritas,</em> la razionalità. E&#8217; deprimente la reazione del Partito Democratico che, con l&#8217;eccezione del Senatore Marino, non si ricorda della Carta costituzionale della Repubblica e si dimentica degli insegnamenti di maestri come Tolstoy, Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, Erich Fromm, John Lennon, Noam Chomsky, Gore Vidal, Aldo Capitini, Tiziano Terzani, Gino Strada, i Quaqqueri, i Menoniti, molte comunità cattoliche di base e molti altri gruppi religiosi non solo cristiani&#8230; soltanto per citare alcuni nomi conosciuti da una lista infinita di pensatori, attivisti, religiosi, umanisti, scienziati, intellettuali e persone comuni di buona volontà, una lista che include sicuramente sia il Signore Buddha sia Gesú Cristo.</p>
<p>Sorprende che nel Partito Democratico non ci sia posto per coloro che gran parte dell&#8217;umanita&#8217; considera spiriti illuminati da ascoltare e a cui ispirarsi e non figure vuote da onorare a parole in qualche celebrazione che serve solo al proprio ego.</p>
<p>Sorprende l&#8217;autolesionismo, l&#8217;arroganza e il disprezzo per la democrazia del Partito democratico che continua a non ascoltare la <em>vox populi</em>.</p>
<p>Indigna che il dolore delle famiglie dei militari uccisi &#8211; a cui torniamo a inviare la nostra solidarietà &#8211; sia usato e manipolato per giustificare altro sangue, altra sofferenza; sofferenza che e&#8217; uguale, sorella della sofferenza delle donne, degli uomini e dei bambini Afgani, uccisi e mutilati dalle armi <em>&#8220;intelligenti&#8221;</em> dei governi che nascondono le loro vere intenzioni dietro il fumo della propaganda e si auto-proclamano i difensori della Liberta&#8217; e della Pace mentre contribuiscono alla loro soppressione con i fatti.</p>
<p>L&#8217;informazione contribuisce al patriottismo ideologico, alla propaganda che inizia a uccidere prima ancora che i proiettili siano stati sparati. La demonizzazione del nemico ufficiale, la sua disumanizzazione è necessaria per convincere la popolazione della bontà dei nostri capi e dei loro fini dichiarati; non c&#8217;è stato ricorso alla violenza nella storia senza che i leader di stati e imperi abbiano dichiarato la nobiltà dei loro fini. Anche Hitler e Mussolini proclamavano di andare a liberare le popolazioni dagli oppressori, di portare liberta&#8217;, pace e civiltà.</p>
<p>L&#8217;unica bandiera che ha senso sventolare è la bandiera della pace, la bandiera che unisce i popoli, fratelli e sorelle nell&#8217;umanità. Alle Frecce preferiamo le colombe. Come diceva Benjamin Franklin,<strong> <em>&#8220;</em></strong><span id="main" style="visibility:visible;"><span id="search" style="visibility:visible;"><em><strong>Non c&#8217;è mai stata una <em>guerra buona</em> o una <em>pace cattiva</em>&#8220;</strong></em>.<br />
</span></span></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">Leggi anche <a title="Link permanente: Guerra, pace e informazione" rel="bookmark" href="../2009/09/17/guerra-pace-e-informazione/">Guerra, pace e informazione.</a></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">Riproponiamo anche: <em><a href="http://www.tizianoterzani.com/" target="_blank">Tiziano Terzani </a>- Lettera da Kabul – <a href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2001/dicembre/24/venditore_patate_gabbia_dei_vecchi_co_0_01122411557.shtml" target="_blank">Il venditore di patate e la gabbia dei vecchi lupi.</a> – 24 dicembre 2001 – Corriere della Sera </em>[grazie a <a href="http://illadrodiciliegie.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/kabul/" target="_blank">Il ladro di ciliege</a> per averci ricordato questo articolo]</p>
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<title><![CDATA[To Have or to Be: The Genius of Erich Fromm]]></title>
<link>http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/to-have-or-to-be-the-genius-of-erich-fromm/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 13:46:12 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Glenn Berger</dc:creator>
<guid>http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/to-have-or-to-be-the-genius-of-erich-fromm/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Thanks to a friend&#8217;s blog, I was turned on to the YouTube excerpts of interviews with the big ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/erich-fromm.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-332" title="Erich Fromm" src="http://glennbergerblog.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/erich-fromm.jpg" alt="Erich Fromm" width="87" height="124" /></a>Thanks to a friend&#8217;s blog, I was turned on to the YouTube excerpts of interviews with the big thinker <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Fromm">Erich Fromm</a>. Fromm, a psychotherapist and humanist philosopher, who lived from 1900-1980, was a man of true heart and huge intellect. His book<a href="http://www.apocatastasis.net/OccultLibrary/Art-of-Loving-Erich-Fromm.html" target="_self"> &#8220;The Art of Loving,&#8221; </a>is a must read. This book was central in the formation of my own philosophy, understanding, and approach to love. In this interview, he claims that our culture is one that overemphasizes &#8220;having&#8221; over &#8220;being.&#8221; He describes the huge price we pay for this way of living in the world.</p>
<p>In part one, he reveals that Karl Marx, rather than being the devil we believe him to be, was actually a man of profound insight about the human condition. Fromm quotes Marx, showing his understanding of alienation, which in his definition, is a distancing from our true nature.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/o7GpHrdXOFI&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/o7GpHrdXOFI&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>In the second part of this interview, Fromm asserts that in contemporary society rather than repressing our sexuality, as Freud suggested, we repress the truth. This repression both protects us from discomfort but is also our greatest danger. This is so because when we don&#8217;t face the truth about ourselves, what we do, and the world, what we avoid will eventually demand a great price.</p>
<p>Fromm&#8217;s universal and timeless insights are as relevant today as they were when he spoke them decades ago. We can mine a great source of wisdom by reading and listening to these great humanist thinkers from our recent past.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/UsyDhlz6qJ8&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/UsyDhlz6qJ8&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
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