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	<title>errico-malatesta &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
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	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "errico-malatesta"</description>
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<title><![CDATA[Anarchist histories]]></title>
<link>http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/anarchist-histories/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 16:06:11 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>antigerman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/anarchist-histories/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Anarchist histories from Ian Bone. (Plus, below the fold, From the Archive of Struggle no.34, anarch]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Anarchist histories from Ian Bone. (Plus, below the fold, From the Archive of Struggle no.34, anarchist special, and some new books from AK Press.)</p>
<h3><a href="http://ianbone.wordpress.com/2009/09/15/felicia-browne-only-photo-of-spanish-civil-war-fighter/">FELICIA BROWNE – ONLY PHOTO OF SPANISH CIVIL WAR FIGHTER</a><span id="scaledPercentage"><br />
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<h3><a href="http://ianbone.wordpress.com/2009/09/20/kronstadt-video/">KRONSTADT VIDEO</a></h3>
<h3><a href="http://ianbone.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/spanish-anarchists-should-have-eliminated-communists-in-july-1936/">SPANISH ANARCHISTS SHOULD HAVE ELIMINATED COMMUNISTS IN JULY 1936</a></h3>
<p>Ethel MacDonald writing from Barcelona.</p>
<h3><a href="http://ianbone.wordpress.com/2009/09/28/anarchist-medals/">ANARCHIST MEDALS</a></h3>
<p>One for <a href="http://www.lucyparsonsproject.org/anarchism/leah_feldman.html">Leah Feldman</a>.</p>
<h3><a href="http://ianbone.wordpress.com/2009/09/28/malatesta-film-1970/">MALATESTA FILM 1970?</a></h3>
<h2><!--more-->From the Archive of Struggle, no.34</h2>
<p>Usual hat tip to <a href="http://entdinglichung.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/neues-aus-den-archiven-der-radikalen-und-nicht-so-radikalen-linken-4/">Entdinglichung</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Anarkismo:</strong></p>
<p>* Peter Kropotkin for Anarchist Communist Congress, London: <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14591">Attentats and Anarchist Practice</a> (1906) Other languages: <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14585">FR</a>, <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14586">ES</a>.<br />
* <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14567">Report on presentation of first Italian edition of Daniel Guérin&#8217;s <em>Pour un marxisme libertaire</em></a> (2009)<br />
* Santi Fidele: <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14552">Giustizia e Libertà and the Anarchists prior to the Spanish Civil War</a> (2001)<a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14552"></a><br />
* Gerhard Wartenberg (FAUD): <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14551">On National Socialism </a>(1932)<br />
* Luigi Fabbri: <a href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/14544">Bourgeois influences on anarchism</a> (ca.1914) [also at <a href="http://libcom.org/library/bourgeois-influences-anarchism">Libcom</a>]</p>
<p><strong>Spunk:</strong></p>
<p>* Julie Herrada and Tom Hyry: <a href="http://www.spunk.org/agnes.html">Agnes Inglis: Anarchist Librarian</a> (1999) [<a href="http://libr.org/pl/16_Herrada.html">source</a>]<br />
* Nestor Makhno: <em><a href="http://www.spunk.org/library/writers/makhno/sp001781/index.html">The struggle against the state and other essays</a></em> (1928/9) [<a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/russianrevolutioninukraine">Buy from AK</a>]<br />
* Agustin Guillamón: <em><a href="http://www.spunk.org/library/places/spain/sp001780/index.html">The Friends of Durruti Group: 1937-1939</a></em> (1996) [<a href="http://www.akpress.org/1996/items/friendsofdurrutigroup">Buy from AK</a>]</p>
<p><strong>Social Anarchism:</strong></p>
<p>* Brian Morris: <a href="http://www.socialanarchism.org/mod/magazine/display/139/index.php">Reflections on the &#8220;New Anarchism&#8221;</a> (2008)<br />
* Adam Goodwin: <a href="http://www.socialanarchism.org/mod/magazine/display/140/index.php">Anarchism and its Critique of Marxism</a> (2008)<br />
* Thomas Martin: <a href="http://www.socialanarchism.org/mod/magazine/display/147/index.php">Stuart Christie&#8217;s <em>Granny Made Me an Anarchist</em></a> (2008)</p>
<p><strong>CrimetInc</strong>:</p>
<p>* Cienfuegos: <a href="http://www.crimethinc.com/blog/2009/09/08/from-the-archives-critique-of-state-socialism/"><em>Critique of State Socialism</em></a> (1981)</p>
<p><strong>Spaces of Hope:</strong></p>
<p>* Will Durant: <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/socialism-and-anarchism-by-will-durant.html">Socialism and anarchism</a> (1914) [Note: html in 9 parts, pasted from <a href="http://debs.indstate.edu/d951s6_1914.pdf">this pdf of the original</a>]<br />
*Noam Chomsky: <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/notes-on-anarchism-part-1.html">Notes on Anarchism 1</a>, <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/notes-on-anarchism-part-2.html">2</a>, <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/notes-on-anarchism-part-3.html">3</a> (1970)<br />
* Howard Zinn: <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/howard-zinn-on-anarchism-democratic.html">Anarchism and socialism [video]</a><br />
* Maximilien Rubel: <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/marx-theoretician-of-anarchism.html">Marx, theorist of anarchism 1</a>, <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/marx-theoretician-of-anarchism-part-2.html">2</a>, <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/marx-theoretician-of-anarchism-part-3.html">3</a>, <a href="http://spacesofhope.blogspot.com/2009/09/marx-theoretician-of-anarchism-part-4.html">4</a> (1973)</p>
<p><a href="http://libcom.org/"><strong>LibCom</strong></a>:</p>
<p>* <a href="http://libcom.org/history/various-documents-stalinism-anc">Various Documents on the Stalinism of the ANC</a> (1990, zusammengestellt von Baruch Hirson)<br />
* Aufheben: <a href="http://libcom.org/library/class-conflicts-transformation-china">Class conflicts in the transformation of China</a> (2008)<br />
* John Quail: The slow burning fuse – the lost history of the British anarchists (1978)<br />
** <a href="http://libcom.org/library/personal-introduction">A Personal Introduction </a><br />
** <a href="http://libcom.org/library/01-radicals-exiles-socialist-beginnings">01. Radicals, Exiles and Socialist Beginnings</a><br />
** <a href="http://libcom.org/library/02-labour-emancipation-league">02. The Labour Emancipation League</a><br />
** <a href="http://libcom.org/library/03-democratic-federation-socialist-league">03. The Democratic Federation and the Socialist League </a><br />
** <a href="http://libcom.org/library/04-anarchist-freedom-dan-chatterton">04. The Anarchist and Freedom… and Dan Chatterton </a></p>
<p>* Peter Linebaugh: <a href="http://libcom.org/history/peter-linebaughs-new-introduction-works-thomas-paine">Introduction to Tom Paine</a> (2009)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>No.33 <a href="http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/10/02/from-the-archive-of-struggle-no-33/">here</a>. Whole series <a href="http://poumista.wordpress.com/category/from-the-archive-of-struggle/">here</a>.</em></p>
<h2>Libcom Makhnovist material</h2>
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<h3><a href="http://libcom.org/history/fomin-mutiny-don">The Fomin mutiny on the Don </a></h3>
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<div><a href="http://libcom.org/history/fomin-mutiny-don"><img class="alignright" title="Cossack horseman" src="http://libcom.org/files/imagecache/teaser/images/history/Cossacks1.jpg" alt="" width="180" height="140" /></a> The red Cossack who led a revolt against the Bolsheviks in the Don region</div>
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<p>Iakov Efimovich Fomin was born in 1885 in the Cossack hamlet of Rubezhnoe in Elenskaia stanitsa in the Upper Don district (stanitsas were the village units of the Cossacks, primary units in political and economic administration). He served in an elite Don Cossack unit from 1906. He is described as being six feet tall with a red beard.</p>
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<h3><a href="http://libcom.org/history/brova-1921-or-brava-aka-batko-brova">Brova or Brava aka Batko Brova, ?-1921</a></h3>
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<p>A short biography of Brova, Makhnovist commander, anarchist communist and associate of Maslakov</p>
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<p>Brova was born into a peasant family in the village of Novogrigorevka, in the Ekaterinoslav province of the Ukraine. From early childhood, he worked as a mechanic–locksmith at the station at Avdeevka Yuzovsky.</p>
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<h3><a href="http://libcom.org/history/maslakov-mutiny-makhnovists-don">1921: The Maslakov mutiny and the Makhnovists on the Don</a></h3>
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<p>An account of the Maslakov mutiny in the Red Army which threw the Bolsheviks into consternation.</p>
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<p>“ <span style="font-style:italic;">Beside me on the big bay horse raced Brigade Commander Gregory Maslakov. This was a man of great physical strength and desperate courage. There were in his behaviour major shortcomings, but courage in battle, the ability to win over the soldiers by personal example to achieve victory atoned for them</span>.” Budyenny’s Memoirs</p>
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<h3><a href="http://libcom.org/history/dermenzhi-dermendzhi-aka-batko-dermenzhi-around-1880-1921">Dermenzhi (Dermendzhi) aka Batko Dermenzhi (around 1880-1921</a></h3>
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<p>A short biography of Dermenzhi, Potemkin mutineer, Makhnovist commander and anarchist communist.</p>
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<p>Dermenzhi, whose first name remains a mystery for the present, was born in the Ismail district of Bessarabia, within the Russian Empire (and not in Georgia as Skirda states). He came from the middle class. He began to work in the electrical and telegraph services.</p>
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<p>A short biography of Ossip Tsebry, Makhnovist partisan who carried on the armed struggle into the 1940s</p>
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<p>In 1993 the Kate Sharpley Library produced a pamphlet Memories of a Makhnovist Partisan, a translation from the French of an originally Russian article that had been included in a booklet by Alexandre Skirda on Makhno. The article had originally been serialised in the Russian exile anarchist communist paper Dielo Truda-Probuzdeniye in 1949 and 1950. It was written by one Ossip Tsebry.</p>
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<h3><a href="http://libcom.org/history/budanov-avraam-1886-19281929">Budanov, Avraam, 1886?-1928/9? </a></h3>
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<p>A short biography of Avraam Budanov, who fought with the Makhnovists and continued an underground struggle after the defeat of the movement</p>
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<p>Avraam Budanov was born into a peasant family in Slavyanoserbsk in Ekaterinoslav province. From childhood he worked as a fitter in Lugansk. He became an anarchist-communist in 1905, and took part in revolutionary activities in the Donbas basin between1905-1907. In 1917-18 he was an activist of the anarchist movement in the Ukraine, organising anarchist groups and unions among the miners.</p>
<h2>New books from AK</h2>
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<td colspan="2" valign="top"><a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/myrevolutionarylife">My Revolutionary Life</a> <strong>-</strong> <em>Freddy Gomez and Juan Garcia Oliver (Interviewed)</em><br />
<strong>Released:</strong> 2009-09-22</td>
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<td width="50" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/myrevolutionarylife"><img src="http://www.akpress.org/images/cms/5615_mini.jpg" border="1" alt="" hspace="0" width="45" height="73" /> </a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Juan Garcia Oliver, the activist who became the world&#8217;s only anarchist &#8220;Minister for Justice&#8221; tells of his life in the CNT (National Confederation of Labor) and FAI (Iberian Anarchist Federation), and gives his account of the Spanish Revolution and Spanish Civil War.</td>
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<td colspan="2" valign="top"><a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/directactionpouget">Direct Action</a> <strong>-</strong> <em>Emile Pouget</em><br />
<strong>Released:</strong> 2009-09-22</td>
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<td width="50" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/directactionpouget"><img src="http://www.akpress.org/images/cms/5606_mini.jpg" border="1" alt="" hspace="0" width="45" height="72" /> </a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><em>Direct Action</em> is the classic statement of revolutionary syndicalism. Against the slavery that is capitalism, Pouget proposes not faith in the go-betweens of parliament (or union leaderships!) but workers&#8217; own action. Action to win small victories, strengthening and inspiring the working class for the big one: the destruction of capitalism and rebuilding society from the bottom up.</td>
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<td colspan="2" valign="top"><a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/soulofmanundersocialism">The Soul of Man Under Socialism</a> <strong>-</strong> <em>Oscar Wilde</em><br />
<strong>Released:</strong> 2009-09-07</td>
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<td width="50" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.akpress.org/2009/items/soulofmanundersocialism"><img src="http://www.akpress.org/images/cms/5596_mini.jpg" border="1" alt="" hspace="0" width="45" height="70" /> </a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">In this 1891 essay, Oscar Wilde exposes the soul-destroying properties of capitalism—properties that, contrary to capitalist myth, undermine and destroy individualism.</td>
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<title><![CDATA[Dialoghi sull'anarchia]]></title>
<link>http://gruppodilettura.wordpress.com/2009/09/25/dialoghi-sullanarchia/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2009 14:49:41 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>capaldi</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gruppodilettura.wordpress.com/2009/09/25/dialoghi-sullanarchia/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Segnalo questo articolo di Valerio Evangelisti. Si parla di anarchia, ottimismo, intelligenza. E deg]]></description>
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<p>Segnalo <a href="http://www.carmillaonline.com/archives/2009/09/003187.html" target="_blank"><strong>questo articolo</strong></a> di <strong>Valerio Evangelisti</strong>. Si parla di anarchia, ottimismo, intelligenza. E degli isitini purtroppo individualistici e aggressivi che fino ad oggi hanno impedito agli uomini e alle donne di vivere in fratellanza. Lo spunto viene dal libro di <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" target="_blank"><strong>Errico Malatesta</strong></a>, <em><a href="http://ilmessaggero.bol.it/libri/Dialoghi-sull-anarchia/Errico-Malatesta/ea978889557406/;jsessionid=817C5EE4C5291FAB08C6E332DD42188A" target="_blank"><strong>Dialoghi sull’anarchia</strong></a></em>, ripubblicato dall&#8217;editore Gwynplaine.  </p>
<p>Su Errico Malatesta c&#8217;è <a href="http://retroguardia2.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/lanarchia-secondo-errico-malatesta/" target="_blank"><strong>qui</strong></a> un approfondimento.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Malatesta on Anarchism, Individualism and Organization (1907)]]></title>
<link>http://robertgraham.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/malatesta-on-anarchism-individualism-and-organization-1907/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2009 20:23:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Robert Graham</dc:creator>
<guid>http://robertgraham.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/malatesta-on-anarchism-individualism-and-organization-1907/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Errico Malatesta (1853-1932) was one of the founders of the international anarchist movement. He was]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Errico Malatesta (1853-1932) was one of the founders of the international anarchist movement. He was]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Dialoghi sull&#39;anarchia  di  Errico Malatesta   (Gwynplaine Edizioni)]]></title>
<link>http://sharpfirearrow.wordpress.com/2009/08/17/dialoghi-sullanarchia-di-errico-malatesta-gwynplaine-edizioni/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2009 20:42:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Fire Arrow</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sharpfirearrow.wordpress.com/2009/08/17/dialoghi-sullanarchia-di-errico-malatesta-gwynplaine-edizioni/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Mi sono avvicinata a questo saggio con molta curiosità. Non ho mai nutrito passione per l’ideologia ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">Mi sono avvicinata a questo saggio con molta curiosità. Non ho mai nutrito passione per l’ideologia anarchica, né mi sono mai interessata ad essa dal punto di vista politico.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ho sempre immaginato gli anarchici come dei sovversivi, dei ribelli, dei personaggi che rifiutavano di ricevere ordini o consigli. Personaggi scarmigliati e dimessi nei costumi, che preferivano vivere in un mondo dominato dal caos.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Dopo aver acquistato questo libro, ed aver cominciato a leggere le prime righe, è come se un pesante velo scuro si fosse sollevato dai miei occhi e mi fosse stato mostrato un mondo nuovo.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ho dovuto ammettere di essere stata tremendamente avventata nelle mie considerazioni e di aver dimostrato un’eclatante ignoranza in materia.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Man mano che proseguivo nella lettura, mi accorgevo che ogni singolo ideale, ogni singolo principio esposto ricalcava i miei.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ideali di uguaglianza tra esseri umani, di parità assoluta tra uomini e donne, di abolizione dei ceti sociali. Una società che si regge sul lavoro – in egual misura – di tutti, grandi e piccoli, uomini e donne, bambini e anziani. E dove ognuno riceve il necessario per il proprio sostentamento. Dove i bambini sono allevati, alle medesime condizioni, da tutta la società. Anche gli orfani. Dove nessuno ha più motivo o necessità di rubare, di uccidere, di ingannare. Dove ognuno è cittadino del mondo intero perché ha interesse che tutto funzioni e che si regga su un solido e sano principio “Lavorare tutti in egual modo per vivere in armonia e libertà”. Nessun governo che disponga in quale modo comportarsi, nessun organo di polizia che faccia rispettare le leggi, nessuna legge.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Il patto deve essere rispettato da tutti, pena l’allontanamento dalla società e la perdita di ogni sostentamento.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Sarebbe davvero un bel vivere. Ma, al termine della lettura, mi sono domandata “Come potrebbe durare, conoscendo l’animo e l’indole umana?” Siamo realisti; nell’essere umano, da sempre, esiste l’ambizione. Credo che, trascorso un periodo iniziale di uguaglianza, alla fine ci sarebbe chi tenta di prevaricare il prossimo per prevalere nelle idee e nei fatti.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I miei pensieri si sono intrecciati con la trama de “La fattoria degli animali” di Orwell. Mi sembra che gli ideali esposti siano simili. Trascorso un primo periodo di uguaglianza tra animali (liberatisi dal giogo umano), alcuni tra loro hanno cominciato a sentirsi superiori, arrivando – alla fine – a comportarsi esattamente come gli uomini. Insomma, sono cambiati gli attori, ma l’oppressione è rimasta la medesima.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">A mio avviso, comunque, quello anarchico rimane un ideale condivisibile. Se non fosse estremamente utopistico, si intende.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> <img class="size-full wp-image-7 alignnone" title="9788895574066g" src="http://paolamattiazzo.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/9788895574066g.jpg?w=200&#038;h=296" alt="9788895574066g" width="200" height="296" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">“Dialoghi sull’anarchia” è un libro che illustra cosa sia l’anarchia e quali siano gli ideali degli anarchici. Il titolo già ci anticipa come sia strutturato il saggio. Al fine di rendere semplici e chiari gli argomenti, questi sono stati esposti nella forma di dialoghi diretti.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Nella prima parte, “Fra contadini”, il contadino Beppe incontra, dopo molto tempo, Giorgio, un giovane che ha abbracciato gli ideali anarchici. Tramite il loro dialogo, Giorgio illustra a Beppe la causa anarchica e risponde alle sue domande, fino a convincerlo ad aderire.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Nella seconda parte, “Al caffè”, Giorgio è invece sottoposto alle più svariate domande da parte di diversi interlocutori. Risponderà alle loro accuse e alle loro perplessità, fino a convincerli che l’anarchia è l’unica cura in grado di risolvere ogni tipo di problema, da quelli sociali a quelli sanitari, riscuotendo l’ammirazione e l’approvazione degli avventori del caffè.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Pur essendo scritto in un linguaggio ottocentesco, il libro è di facile e piacevole lettura e illustra pensieri e valori condivisibili. Senza necessità di convertirsi agli ideali anarchici, ritengo che la lettura di questo saggio sia indispensabile per coloro che, come la sottoscritta, avevano le idee piuttosto confuse sul tema esposto e su coloro che dichiarano di aderirvi.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[From the archive of struggle, no.25: The anarchist library]]></title>
<link>http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/07/04/from-the-archive-of-struggle-no-24-the-anarchist-library/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2009 09:25:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>antigerman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/07/04/from-the-archive-of-struggle-no-24-the-anarchist-library/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[From Paul Stott&#8217;s site, I have found a new website, the Anarchist Library, which aspires to be]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>From <a href="http://paulstott.typepad.com/i_intend_to_escape_and_co/2009/06/the-anarchist-library.html">Paul Stott&#8217;s site</a>, I have found a new website, <strong>the Anarchist Library</strong>, which aspires to be &#8220;the largest resource on the web for downloadable Anarchist books and publications&#8221;, quite an ambition given how many resources there are of this nature already out there. The archive, however, is just a couple of weeks old, and already it has loads in it. My pick after the fold, with particular highlights in bold.<!--more--></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/about-my-trial-class-struggle-or-class-hatred"> About my trial: Class Struggle or Class Hatred? by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/about-platform"> About the Platform by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/address-international-working-mens-association-congress">Address to the International Working Men&#8217;s Association Congress by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/advice-those-about-emigrate"> Advice to Those About to Emigrate by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/against-constituent-assembly-against-dictatorship">Against the Constituent Assembly as Against the Dictatorship by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchism-and-american-traditions">Anarchism and American Traditions by Voltairine de Cleyre </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchism-and-anarcho-syndicalism"> Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism by Rudolf Rocker </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchism-and-organization"> Anarchism and Organization by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchism-and-sovietism">Anarchism and Sovietism by Rudolf Rocker </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchism-past-and-present">Anarchism: Past and Present by Murray Bookchin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchist-communism-and-elections">Anarchist-Communism and Elections by José Antonio Gutiérrez D. </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchist-organisation-not-leninist-vanguardism">Anarchist Organisation not Leninist Vanguardism by Wayne Price </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchist-propaganda"> Anarchist Propaganda by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchist-revolution-0"><em>(The)</em> Anarchist Revolution by Nestor Makhno </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchist-revolution"><em>(The)</em> Anarchist Revolution by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchists-present-time"><em>(The)</em> Anarchists in the Present Time by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchists-war-and-their-principles"> Anarchists, the War and Their Principles by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchosyndicalism"> Anarchosyndicalism by Rudolf Rocker </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchism-and-other-essays">Anarchy and Other Essays by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchy">Anarchy by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anarchy-defended-anarchists"> Anarchy Defended by Emma Anarchists by Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/anxieties-iron"><em>(The)</em> Anxieties of Iron by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/articles-new-york-times">Articles in the New York Times by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/banning-cars-manhattan">Banning Cars from Manhattan by Paul Goodman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/barricade-and-trench"><em>(The)</em> barricade and the trench by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/bastard-born">Bastard Born by Voltairine de Cleyre </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/beggar-and-thief"><em>(The)</em> beggar and the thief by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/bolshevik-myth-diary-1920-22"><em>(The)</em> Bolshevik Myth (Diary 1920-22) by Alexander Berkman </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/catastrophe"><em>(A)</em> Catastrophe by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/commune-paris"><em>(The)</em> Commune of Paris by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/communism-and-anarchy"> Communism and Anarchy by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/conquest-bread"><em>(The)</em> Conquest of Bread by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/continuing-appeal-nationalism"><em>(The)</em> Continuing Appeal of Nationalism by Fredy Perlman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/contrast"> Contrast by Ret Marut </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/crime-called-freedom-writings-os-cangaceiros-volume-one"><em>(A)</em> Crime Called Freedom by Os Cangaceiros </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/critique-syndicalist-methods"><em>(A)</em> Critique of Syndicalist Methods by Alfredo M. Bonanno </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/cuban-anarchism-history-movement"> <strong>Cuban Anarchism: The History of A Movement by Frank Fernández </strong></a><strong></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/dissonances">Dissonances by Alfredo M. Bonanno </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/durruti-dead-yet-living">Durruti Is Dead, Yet Living by Emma Goldman </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/eclipse-and-re-emergence-communist-movement">Eclipse and Re-Emergence of the Communist Movement by Francois Martin and Jean Barrot (AKA Giles Dauvé) </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/founding-workers-international"> Founding of the Workers&#8217; International by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/francisco-ferrer">Francisco Ferrer by Voltairine de Cleyre </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/frock-coat-and-blouse"><em>(The)</em> frock coat and the blouse by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/defense-emma-goldmann-and-right-expropriation">In Defense of Emma Goldmann and the Right of Expropriation by Voltairine de Cleyre </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/aftermath-spanish-civil-war">In the Aftermath of the Spanish Civil War by Manolo Gonzalez </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/justice">Justice! by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/kronstadt-rebellion"><em>(The)</em> Kronstadt Rebellion by Alexander Berkman </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/kurdish-uprising-and-kurdistans-nationalist-shop-front-and-its-negotiations-baathistfascist-regime"><em>(The)</em> Kurdish Uprising and Kurdistan&#8217;s Nationalist Shop Front and Its Negotiations with the Baathist/Fascist Regime by Various Authors </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/light-and-shadows-life-avant-guard">Light and Shadows in the Life of an Avant-Guard by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/listen-marxist"> Listen, Marxist! by Murray Bookchin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/little-theory"><em>(A)</em> Little Theory by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/living-my-life"> Living My Life by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/majorities-and-minorities">Majorities and Minorities by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/making-anarchist"><em>(The)</em> Making of an Anarchist by Voltairine &#124; de Cleyre </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/malatesta%E2%80%99s-anarchist-vision-life-after-capitalism"> Malatesta’s Anarchist Vision of Life After Capitalism by Wayne Price </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/manifesto-makhnovists"><em>(The)</em> Manifesto of The Makhnovists by Nestor Makhno </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/marx-and-anarchism">Marx and Anarchism by Rudolf Rocker </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/meaning-confederalism"><em>(The)</em> Meaning of Confederalism by Murray Bookchin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/memoirs-revolutionist">Memoirs of a Revolutionist by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/misery-islam"><em>(The)</em> Misery of Islam by Al-Djouhall </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/mutual-aid-essay">Mutual Aid: An Essay by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/my-disillusionment-russia">My Disillusionment in Russia by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/my-further-disillusionment-russia"> My Further Disillusionment in Russia by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/national-catechism"> National Catechism by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/neither-democrats-nor-dictators-anarchists">Neither Democrats, nor Dictators: Anarchists by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/new-declaration-independence"><em>(A)</em> New Declaration of Independence by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/new-life"> New life by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/syndicalism">On Syndicalism by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/international-workingmens-association-and-karl-marx">On the International Workingmen&#8217;s Association and Karl Marx by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/policy-international-workingmens-association"> On the Policy of the International Workingmen&#8217;s Association by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/program-alliance"> On the Program of the Alliance by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/onwards">Onwards! by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/organisational-platform-libertarian-communists">Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists by Dielo Truda </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/paris-commune-and-idea-state"><em>(The)</em> Paris Commune and the Idea of the State by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/place-anarchism-socialistic-evolution"><em>(The)</em> Place of Anarchism in Socialistic Evolution by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/program-international-brotherhood"><em>(The)</em> Program of the International Brotherhood by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/proposed-communist-settlement-new-colony-tyneside-or-wearside">Proposed Communist Settlement: A New Colony for Tyneside or Wearside by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/recollections-marx-and-engels">Recollections on Marx and Engels by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/reformism"> Reformism by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/revolution-practice">Revolution in Practice by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/revolution-everyday-life"><em>(The)</em> Revolution of Everyday Life by Raoul Vaneigem </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/rewarding-merits"> Rewarding merits by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/rifle"><em>(The)</em> rifle by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/rules-and-program-international-alliance-socialist-democracy-founded-geneva-october-1868"><em>(The)</em> Rules and Program of the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy Founded in Geneva in October 1868 by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/russian-revolution-and-communist-party">Russian Revolution and the Communist Party by Alexander Berkman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/russian-revolution-and-soviet-government-letter-workers-western-europe"><em>(The)</em> Russian Revolution and the Soviet Government: Letter to the Workers of Western Europe by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/russian-revolution-ukraine-march-1917-%E2%80%94-april-1918"><em>(The)</em> Russian Revolution in Ukraine (March 1917 — April 1918) by Nestor Makhno </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/russian-tragedy-review-and-outlook"><em>(The)</em> Russian Tragedy (A Review and An Outlook) by Alexander Berkman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/sacco-and-vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/samuel-gompers"> Samuel Gompers by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/social-anarchism-or-lifestyle-anarchism-unbridgeable-chasm">Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm by Murray Bookchin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/social-ecology-versus-deep-ecology-challenge-ecology-movement"> Social Ecology versus Deep Ecology: A Challenge for the Ecology Movement by Murray Bookchin </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/social-importance-modern-school"><em>(The)</em> Social Importance of the Modern School by Emma Goldman </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/some-remarks-war-spirit">Some Remarks on War Spirit by Paul Goodman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/some-reminiscences-kropotkin"> Some Reminiscences of Kropotkin by Alexander Berkman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/node/468/"><em>(The)</em> Spanish Civil War: Anarchism in Action by Edward Conlon </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/speeches-against-conscription">Speeches Against Conscription by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/syndicalism-modern-menace-capitalism">Syndicalism: the Modern Menace to Capitalism by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/talk-about-anarchist-communism-between-two-workers"><em>(A)</em> Talk About Anarchist Communism Between Two Workers by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/remember-spain-anarchist-and-syndicalist-revolution-1936">To Remember Spain: The Anarchist and Syndicalist Revolution of 1936 by Murray Bookchin </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/comrades-international-workingmens-association-locle-and-chaux-de-fonds"><strong> </strong>To The Comrades Of The International Workingmen&#8217;s Association Of Locle And Chaux-De-Fonds by Michail Bakunin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/towards-anarchism">Towards Anarchism by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/tragedy-spain"><em>(The)</em> Tragedy of Spain by Rudolf Rocker </a></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/tragedy-political-exiles"><em>(The)</em> Tragedy of the Political Exiles by Emma Goldman </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/tragic-bandits"><em>(The)</em> Tragic Bandits by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/triumph-social-revolution"><em>(The)</em> Triumph of the Social Revolution by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/trotsky-protests-too-much"> Trotsky Protests Too Much by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/twilight-vanguardism"><em>(The)</em> Twilight of Vanguardism by David Graeber </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/two-pens"><em>(The)</em> two pens by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/two-revolutionaries"> Two revolutionaries by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/unexpected-dash-through-spain"><em>(An)</em> Unexpected Dash Through Spain by Emma Goldman </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/us-deserves-lose-iraq-should-we-%E2%80%9Csupport-iraqi-resistance%E2%80%9D"><em>(The)</em> U.S. Deserves to Lose in Iraq- But Should We “Support the Iraqi Resistance”? by Wayne Price </a></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/victor-serge-and-russian-revolution">Victor Serge and the Russian Revolution by Wayne Price </a></strong></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/voltairine-de-cleyre-introduction"><strong> </strong>Voltairine de Cleyre: An Introduction by Marian Leighton </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/voltairine-de-cleyre"> Voltairine De Cleyre by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/wage-system"><em>(The)</em> Wage System by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/war"> War! by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/war-dictionary"> War Dictionary by Alexander Berkman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/wars-and-capitalism">Wars and Capitalism by Pëtr Kropotkin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/was-my-life-worth-living"> Was My Life Worth Living? by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/what-i-believe">What I Believe by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/what-be-done">What is to be done? by Errico Malatesta </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/white-slave-traffic"><em>(The)</em> White Slave Traffic by Emma Goldman </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/whither-anarchism-reply-recent-anarchist-critics"> Whither Anarchism? A Reply to Recent Anarchist Critics by Murray Bookchin </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/worker-and-machine"><em>(The)</em> worker and the machine by Ricardo Flores Magón </a></li>
<li><a href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/workers-autonomy"> Worker&#8217;s Autonomy by Alfredo M. Bonanno </a></li>
</ul>
<p>There&#8217;s also lots of rubbish by the likes of Bakunin, the Unabomberm Nechayevm, Max Stirner, Johan Most, Bob Black, John Zerzan and other over-rated types.</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Poumahoola]]></title>
<link>http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/07/02/poumahoola/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 15:06:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>antigerman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://poumista.wordpress.com/2009/07/02/poumahoola/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Alternative presents: Galician metal workers on the barricades. Interview with Venezuelan anarchists]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Alternative presents:</strong> <a href="http://www.socialistunity.com/?p=4298"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.socialistunity.com/?p=4298">Galician metal workers on the barricades</a>. <a href="http://publish.indymedia.org/en/2009/06/925945.shtml">Interview with Venezuelan anarchists of El Libertario</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Tragic presents:</strong></p>
<p><a title="Permanent Link to &#34;Antisemitism, Human Rights and Acceptable Jews in Buenos Aires&#34;" rel="bookmark" href="http://blog.z-word.com/2009/06/antisemitism-human-rights-and-acceptable-jews-in-buenos-aires/">Antisemitism, Human Rights and Acceptable Jews in Buenos Aires</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Alternative histories:</strong></p>
<p><a title="Read yugoslav “self government”" rel="bookmark" href="http://thecommune.wordpress.com/2009/06/21/yugoslav-self-government/">Yugoslav “self government”</a> by Dan Jakopovich. <a href="http://entdinglichung.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/otto-bauer-im-originalton/">Otto Bauer on film</a>. <a href="http://www.principiadialectica.co.uk/blog/?p=444">Notes on the Portuguese revolution</a>. <a href="http://libertarian-labyrinth.blogspot.com/2009/05/little-theory-from-malatesta_29.html">A little theory by Malatesta</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Iconography/iconoclasm:</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong><a href="http://simplyjews.blogspot.com/2009/06/lenins-butt-remodeled.html">Lenin&#8217;s butt remodelled</a>. <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/5207669/Poland-to-ban-Che-Guevara-image.html">The equivalence of totalitarianisms: no Che on Polish t-shirts</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Fascism and anti-fascism:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://slackbastard.anarchobase.com/?p=3541">SlackBastard writes</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p><a href="http://donpalabraz.com/">Don PalabraZ</a> is a Subversive Historian. mister word’s latest post recalls the day in 1938 <a href="http://donpalabraz.com/2009/06/22/subversive-historian-062209/">Joe Louis defeated Max Schmeling</a> for the heavy-weight boxing title. Curiously, despite being championed by a <a href="http://slackbastard.anarchobase.com/?p=399">dead incestuous coprophiliac dicktator</a>, and acting as a mouthpiece for the Nazi regime, <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/fight/peopleevents/p_schmeling.html">Schmeling</a> was:</p>
<blockquote><p>Compassionate and Modest<br />
…On <em><a href="http://slackbastard.anarchobase.com/?p=937">Kristallnacht</a></em>, Schmeling took an enormous risk and hid the two teenage sons of a Jewish friend in his Berlin hotel room. The boxer claimed to be sick and did not allow any visitors. When the opportunity presented itself, Schmeling smuggled the two boys out of the country. Henri Lewin, who became a Las Vegas hotelier, credits Schmeling with his life; characteristically, the modest Schmeling made no mention of this episode in his own autobiography.</p></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Below the fold &#8211; From the archive of struggle, no.24:<!--more--></strong></p>
<p><span><span><span><span>Added to the <span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/index.htm">International Socialist Review Archive</a></span>:</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol28/no01/kurmod.html" target="new">Jacek Kuron &#38; Karol Modzelewski: Program of the Polish Opposition</a> (1967) </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol30/no01/editors.htm" target="new">The Editors: In Memory of Rosa Luxemburg</a> (editorial) (1969)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol30/no01/saunders.html" target="new">George Saunders: Introduction to Rosa Luxemburg’s <em>Life of Korolenko</em></a> (1969)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol30/no03/fischer.html" target="new">Ernst Fischer Solicits Otto Bauer for the Popular Front in 1936</a> (1968)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol30/no04/alvin.htm" target="new">Milton Alvin: Fiftieth Anniversary of the Communist Party</a> (book review) (1969)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span><span><span><span>Added to the <span> <a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/index.htm">Raya Dunayevskaya  Archive</a></span>:</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1944/revision.htm">A New Revision  of Marxian Economics</a> (<em>American Economic Review</em>, September 1944)<br />
</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1945/marxism.htm">Revision or Reaffirmation of  Marxism?</a> (<em>American Economic Review</em>, September 1945)</span><br />
</span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1951/labor.htm">The Cooperative Form of Labor Vs.  Abstract Labor</a> (March 2, 1951)<br />
</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1960/cuba.htm">The Cuban Revolution: The Year  After</a> (<em>News &#38; Letters </em> December 1960.)<br />
</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1961/domanski.htm">Revolutionary Dynamic of  Hegel?s Thought</a> (Letter to Olga Domanski Feb. 7, 1961)<br />
</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1974/mandel.htm">Today’s Epigones Who Try  to Truncate Marx’s <em>Capital</em></a> (1974)<br />
</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/1981/iran.htm">What has happened to the Iranian  revolution? </a> (June 25, 1981)</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span><span><span><span>Added to the <span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/goldman/index.htm">Albert Goldman Archive</a></span>:</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/goldman/1936/04/party.htm" target="new">Labor Party Confusion </a> (<em>Socialist Appeal</em> April-May, 1936)<br />
</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/index.htm">The Encyclopedia of Trotskyism On-Line</a></span> has completed the entire April-May 1936 issue of <em><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/socialistappeal/index.htm">Socialist Appeal </a></span></em>[Chicago] theoretical journal of the US Trotskyist movement operating inside the Socialist Party of America by adding the following:</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/socialistappeal/vol02/no04/viewpoint.htm">From Our Viewpoint</a> </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/socialistappeal/vol02/no04/adams.htm">What Shall Our War Program Be?</a>, <em> Samuel Adams</em>
<p></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<title><![CDATA[L'Anarchie et l'idéologie libertaire]]></title>
<link>http://viemoderne.wordpress.com/2009/05/04/lanarchie-et-lideologie-libertaire/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2009 17:54:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>AD</dc:creator>
<guid>http://viemoderne.wordpress.com/2009/05/04/lanarchie-et-lideologie-libertaire/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Nous allons faire une analyse de surface de l&#8217;anarchie, je pense que c&#8217;est d&#8217;aille]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h2><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-445" title="anarchie" src="http://viemoderne.wordpress.com/files/2009/05/anarchie.jpg?w=300" alt="anarchie" width="108" height="104" /></h2>
<p>Nous allons faire une analyse de surface de l&#8217;anarchie, je pense que c&#8217;est d&#8217;ailleurs largement sufisant pour en voir les plus flagrants non-sens. Commençons par des analyses de citations (la plupart provenant de <a href="http://anarkeia.free.fr/" target="_blank">cette adresse</a>)</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<p><strong>L&#8217;Homme face à Dieu</strong><em><br />
Oui on commence par ça, puisque l&#8217;anarchisme se veut &#8220;Ni Dieu Ni Maitre&#8221;.</em><strong><br />
</strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Si Dieu existait réellement, il faudrait le faire disparaître.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Là d&#8217;emblée, il faudrait m&#8217;expliquer d&#8217;une : pourquoi ? et ensuite : comment ? D&#8217;autant que si on concidère que Dieu existe, on considère qu&#8217;il est le &#8220;tout&#8221;, donc si on fait disparaitre Dieu dans son hypothétique existence, alors on fait tout disparaitre à priori.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Dieu ne peut être ni bon, ni méchant, ni juste, ni injuste. Il ne peut rien vouloir, ni rien établir, car en réalité il n&#8217;est rien, et ne devient le tout que par crédulité religieuse.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Ah bah voila, lorsqu&#8217;on parle de ce fameux &#8220;tout&#8221;, ce qui est interressant de remarquer c&#8217;est que les croyants savent qu&#8217;ils ne peuvent prouver l&#8217;existence de Dieu, et le disent bien eux même, ils ont foi en Dieu, même s&#8217;ils ne peuvent prouver son existence.</p>
<p>Par contre du coté Athées, on ne peut pas prouver non plus que Dieu n&#8217;existe pas, par contre on a forcément raison, et on affirme avec aisance qu&#8217;il n&#8217;existe pas.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Considérez le chien apprivoisé, implorant une caresse, un regard de son maître : n&#8217;est-ce pas l&#8217;image de l&#8217;homme à genoux devant son Dieu ?&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Donc là soit on considère les religieux de toutes religions confondus comme des chiens, soit on essai de jouer sur le sentiment d&#8217;orgueil. Enfin étant donné que l&#8217;humilité est souvent à la base des religions, ça ne semble pas très pertinent.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;L&#8217;existence de Dieu implique l&#8217;abdication de la raison et de la justice humaine, elle est la négation de l&#8217;humaine liberté et aboutit nécessairement à un esclavage non seulement théorique mais pratique.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Qui veut adorer Dieu doit, sans se faire de puériles illusions, renoncer bravement à sa liberté et à son humanité.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Je ne saisi pas bien, mais pour moi rien que le concept des dix commandements me semble assez &#8220;raisonnable&#8221;, quand à &#8220;l&#8217;humaine liberté&#8221;, dans le judaïsme et le catholicisme, Dieu a donné à l&#8217;Homme le libre arbitre, c&#8217;est un peu ce qui défini son humanité d&#8217;ailleurs dans les écrits de la genèse.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Et s&#8217;il est un être qui avant nous et plus que nous ait mérité l&#8217;enfer, il faut bien que je le nomme, c&#8217;est Dieu.&#8221;<br />
(Pierre-Joseph Proudhon)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Bon bah alors, il existe ou pas ce fameux Dieu au final ? En tout cas il faudrait voir le contexte de cette phrase, mais là dit comme ça ça m&#8217;a l&#8217;air un peu absurde.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Nous avons forgé nos propres chaînes.&#8221;<br />
(Errico Malatesta)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Certains prônant la spiritualité diront la même chose des esprits matérialistes, mais bon la citation est un peu courte pour comprendre de quoi elle parle.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Ceux qui se sont sagement limités à ce qui leur paraissait possible n&#8217;ont jamais avancé d&#8217;un seul pas.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Encore une fois si on chie sur Dieu parce que ça nous semble impossible, on ne peut pas balancer ça par la suite.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;L&#8217;homme devient athée lorsqu&#8217;il se sent meilleur que son Dieu.&#8221;<br />
(Pierre-Joseph Proudhon)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Je ne vois pas comment on pourrait se sentir « meilleur » que son Dieu si l&#8217;on y croit, on devient Athée lorsqu&#8217;on ne croit pas en Dieu, rien d&#8217;autre.</p>
<p><strong>Non sens divers</strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Prolétaires du monde entier, descendez dans vos propres profondeurs, cherchez-y la vérité, créez-la vous-mêmes ! Vous ne la trouverez nulle part ailleurs.&#8221;<br />
(Nestor Makhno)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Bon, donc pour trouver la vérité il faut la créer soit même, même si l&#8217;on en créer une fausse ?</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Comme une fille La rue se déshabille Des pavés s&#8217;entassent Et les flics qui passent Les prennent sur la gueule &#8220;<br />
(Leo Ferre)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Donc prônons l&#8217;humanité, sauf pour les flics, qui eux ont le droit de se faire tabasser. C&#8217;est assez courant cette volonté de déshumaniser les « forces de l&#8217;ordre » dans les mouvements révolutionnaires, mais je ne vois pas comment ça peut être en accord avec l&#8217;anarchisme ou l&#8217;idéologie libertaire qui ont tendance à se dire profondément humains.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Selon nous, tout ce qui tend à détruire l&#8217;oppression économique et politique, tout ce qui sert à élever le niveau moral et intellectuel des hommes, à leur donner conscience de leurs droits et de leurs forces et à les persuader d&#8217;en faire usage eux-mêmes, tout ce qui provoque la haine contre l&#8217;oppression et suscite l&#8217;amour entre les hommes, nous approche de notre but (&#8230;)&#8221;<br />
(Errico Malatesta)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>On remarquera que la religion a un peu cette vocation elle aussi, donc avec de tels propos il serait dur de vouloir la détruire ensuite.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;La république n&#8217;est qu&#8217;une monarchie déguisée. &#8220;<br />
(Pierre-Joseph Proudhon)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Décidément certains semblent spécialistes des phrases à fort taux de branlette, il faudrait revoir les définitions de monarchie et de république.</p>
<p><strong>Divers</strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Le pouvoir n&#8217;est pas là où il se voit, montre ou cache, il est partout. Partout, donc, il faut résister à la manière de Diogène : voilà l&#8217;esprit libertaire.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Onfray)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Haha, j&#8217;adore vraiment les quelques traces qu&#8217;il nous reste de Diogène, et je pense qu&#8217;il est dur de ne pas l&#8217;admirer lorsque l&#8217;on lis ses supposés actes et dires (car on en a peu de traces malheureusement). Cependant j&#8217;aimerais beaucoup savoir ce qu&#8217;on peut entendre par « résister à la manière de Diogène », il faut promener une poule en se foutant de la gueule de Socrate ? Pisser sur un mec pendant un repas ? Se masturber sur la place publique ?&#8230;Enfin bref, cette citation n&#8217;est pas très clair je trouve.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Le travail est probablement ce qu&#8217;il y a sur cette terre de plus bas et de plus ignoble. Il n&#8217;est pas possible de regarder un travailleur sans maudire ce qui a fait que cet homme travaille, alors qu&#8217;il pourrait nager, dormir dans l&#8217;herbe ou simplement lire ou faire l&#8217;amour avec sa femme. &#8220;<br />
(Boris Vian)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Mais évidemment bordel ! Qui n&#8217;en rêve pas ? Il y a des mecs qui ont réussis à faire ça d&#8217;ailleurs,  par contre ils avaient esclaves et serviteurs pour les aider à pas crever de faim.</p>
<p><strong>Élévation/évolution comportementale/intellectuelle</strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;L&#8217;anarchie est la plus haute expression de l&#8217;ordre.&#8221;<br />
(Elysée Reclus)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>(&#8230;)</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Les pauvres sont coupables de l&#8217;existence des riches.&#8221;<br />
(Max Stirner)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>(&#8230;)</p>
<p><strong>Tout le monde doit penser pareil, mais surtout différemment ! (Pardon ?)</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;L&#8217;uniformité, c&#8217;est la mort. La diversité, c&#8217;est la vie.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Bakounine)</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;De toute évidence, si tout le monde vivait comme nous, il n&#8217;y aurait sur la terre ni servitude, ni misère, ni guerre, ni révolte&#8221;<br />
(Lanza Del Vasto)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">Avec ces deux citations on se trouve devant un contre sens total : L&#8217;uniformité c&#8217;est la mort, mais si tout le monde vivait comme nous, de la même façon, dans une uniformité idéologique, alors le monde irait mieux.</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Personne n&#8217;est mon semblable, ma chair n&#8217;est pas leur chair, ni ma pensée leur pensée.&#8221;<br />
(Max Stirner)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">Nous voilà encore bien embêtés.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Résignés, regardez, je crache sur vos idoles; je crache sur Dieu, je crache sur la Patrie, je crache sur le Christ, je crache sur les Drapeaux, je crache sur le Capital et sur le Veau d&#8217;or, je crache sur les Lois et sur les Codes, sur les Symboles et les Religions: ce sont des hochets, je m&#8217;en moque, je m&#8217;en ris&#8230;&#8221;<br />
( Libertad)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">En gros : « Nous sommes contre l&#8217;uniformité, contre la pensée unique, par contre si vous ne pensez pas comme nous, nous ne vous respecterons pas et vous cracherons dessus. »</p>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">
<p style="font-weight:normal;">
<p><strong>Quelques paroles censées</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Si pour vaincre il faut pendre sur les places publiques, je préfère être vaincu. &#8220;<br />
(Errico Malatesta)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;La seule révolution possible, c&#8217;est d&#8217;essayer de s&#8217;améliorer soi-même, en espérant que les autres fassent la même démarche. Le monde ira mieux alors.&#8221;<br />
(Georges Brassens)</span></p></blockquote>
<p>Je ne sais pas trop ce que cette citation de Brassens faisait parmi les citations anarchistes mais Gandhi tenait un peu le même discours :</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">Commencez par changer en vous ce que vous voulez changer autour de vous.<br />
[Gandhi]</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;font-weight:normal;">
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Les élections sont des parodies qui se servent des grands mots &#8211; Démocratie, Peuple, Nation, République, Souveraineté -, mais qui cachent mal le cynisme des gouvernants : il s&#8217;agit pour eux d&#8217;installer et de maintenir en place une tyrannie soft qui produit un homme unidimensionnel &#8211; le consommateur abruti et alièné &#8211; comme jamais aucune dictature n&#8217;a réussi à en produire.&#8221;<br />
(Michel Onfray)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">
<p><strong>La vie en société selon l&#8217;anarchisme :</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;On ne le dira jamais assez, l’anarchisme, c’est l’ordre sans le gouvernement ; c’est la paix sans la violence. C’est le contraire précisément de tout ce qu’on lui reproche, soit par ignorance, soit par mauvaise foi.&#8221;<br />
(Hem Day)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">Voir la suite de l&#8217;article pour essayer d&#8217;appliquer cette idée.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Toutes les lois sont scélérates, tous les jugements sont iniques, tous les juges sont mauvais, tous les condamnés sont innocents.&#8221;<br />
( Libertad)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">Alors là, il faudrait m&#8217;expliquer, mais bon il faut reconnaître que ce n&#8217;est pas allez jusqu&#8217;à « tous les coupables sont innocents », la ça deviendrait encore plus compliqué.</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;Toutes les lois sont oppressives et criminelles. Elles ne protègent que les riches et les heureux.&#8221;<br />
(Octave Mirbeau)</span></p></blockquote>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">Socrate dans « La République » (il m&#8217;inspire beaucoup dans cet article) arrive à la conclusion que seul les hommes bons et justes sont véritablement heureux, donc si la loi les protège à la limite pourquoi pas. Concernant le fait qu&#8217;elle ne protège que les riches, ça me semble assez raccourci, mais bon  Octave Mirbeau a surtout vécu fin 19ème donc ça ne se passait peut être pas comme aujourd&#8217;hui non plus.</p>
<p style="font-weight:normal;">
<p style="font-weight:normal;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<h2 style="margin-bottom:0;"><strong>A présent, jouons un peu</strong></h2>
<blockquote>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">&#8220;A l’heure de la globalisation et de l’uniformisation comme mode sociétal, niant les entités et dévalorisant les individus, quelle est la place de l’humain à ce jour ? Les problématiques qui se posent actuellement à nous telles que dématérialisation des échanges humains, libéralisation à outrance dans le monde du travail et les échanges économiques, culture et médias de masse, bio-génétique, traçage ADN, etc., remettent-elles en cause cette notion d’humanité, non pas en tant que corps social constitué, mais comme individu ; alors que l&#8217;individuel, le singulier, le particulier, est une singularité spécifiquement humaine nécessaire à la construction positive d’une société ou d’un groupe.&#8221;</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Source : <a href="http://www.federation-anarchiste.org/rl/" target="_blank">http://www.federation-anarchiste.org/rl/</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Nous avons donc une idéologie qui prône l&#8217;individu dans la société, donc une société unie par pleins d&#8217;individus. La dessus, je pense qu&#8217;on peut être largement d&#8217;accord.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Maintenant donc,  jouons un peu à Socrate (en essayant de pas trop se branler) comme dans &#8220;La République&#8221; et imaginons une société crée ainsi, avec pleins d&#8217;individus, dont aucun ne décide pour autre que lui même comme le veulent les principes idéologiques anarchistes et libertaires.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">On va faire ça petit, sur une échelle d&#8217;une communauté de 10 personnes formant cette fameuse société. Pour commencer Socrate et ses potes établissent les bases de leur société : il nous faut plusieurs corps de métiers, un cordonnier, un boulanger, un boucher etc etc&#8230; Leur société grandit donc ainsi en y ajoutant toutes les interactions de métiers entre les hommes. Bon, nous comme on veut faire une &#8220;société anarchique&#8221;, on est un peut dans la merde, vu que personne ne doit dépendre de personne, ni se sentir supérieur ou inférieur, ça a donc pour conséquence presque obligatoire que chaque personne doit être capable d&#8217;assurer tous les corps de métiers à la fois pour que chacun subvienne lui même à ses propres besoins.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Ok, imaginons que les hommes soient suffisamment balaises pour êtres à la fois éleveurs, cultivateurs, bouchers, tisseurs, cordonniers, et tout ce dont ils ont besoin à la fois, après tout le multifonctions c&#8217;est peut être ça la véritable évolution.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Mais premier problème : L&#8217;individu A entre en conflit avec l&#8217;individu B, et ce à cause d&#8217;une sombre histoire dont on se fou un peu.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Que faire ?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">- Selon certaines pensées anarchistes : pétez vous la gueule et on verra qui survit.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Soit, à la limite, ça peut supprimer les problèmes les uns après les autres, jusqu&#8217;à ce qu&#8217;il ne reste qu&#8217;un homme sur terre.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">- Selon les pratiques les plus courantes des mouvements aux idéologies anarchistes : Les 10 individus de la société se réunissent pour &#8220;décider tous ensemble&#8221; de ce qu&#8217;il y a de mieux à faire.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Nouveau problème, une scission d&#8217;opinions se créer entre ceux qui sont pour la solution A et ceux pour la B. Il y a donc deux solutions, soit ceux de la solution A ou B cèdent, mais dans ce cas le principe de &#8220;Ni Dieu Ni Maitre&#8221; est bafoué puisqu&#8217;ils se retrouveront soumis à la décision de l&#8217;autre; soit les deux groupes se séparent, créant ainsi une nouvelle communauté de disons : 5 personnes chacune.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Évidemment, dans ces 2 communautés de 5 personnes chacune, plusieurs ne sont pas d&#8217;accord sur le fait que la meilleur solution soit de diviser la communauté/société, certains décident donc de péter la gueule à certains, d&#8217;autres décident de partir créer une autre communauté à leur tour.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Tout cela aboutit donc à une multitude de &#8220;sociétés unicellulaires&#8221;, étant donné qu&#8217;il y aura toujours un différent d&#8217;opinion et qu&#8217;il est inconcevable dans l&#8217;anarchisme de se soumettre à un avis qui n&#8217;est pas le sien.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><strong>Conclusion</strong></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">L&#8217;anarchisme prône donc de vivre ensemble, mais seul.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">A moins que l&#8217;on soit anarchiste et que l&#8217;on considère que l&#8217;homme est bon et juste, mais dans ce cas contre qui les anarchistes luttent-ils ? On rencontre aussi parfois des anarchistes qui nous disent qu&#8217;ils croient au principe de l&#8217;anarchie, mais qu&#8217;ils ne croient pas en l&#8217;Homme, comment est-ce possible d&#8217;y croire dans ce cas puisque ce principe est basé sur l&#8217;Homme et ne peut théoriquement marcher que si l&#8217;homme est bon et juste ? Si l&#8217;on sait que l&#8217;Homme ne l&#8217;est pas, alors on ne peu croire au principe de l&#8217;anarchie.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">Autre point à noter, il semble y avoir autant de visions de l&#8217;anarchisme que de gens qui se disent anarchistes.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Anarchy: a pamphlet By Errico Malatesta]]></title>
<link>http://peoplesinformative.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/anarchy-a-pamphlet-by-errico-malatesta/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2009 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>peoplesinformative</dc:creator>
<guid>http://peoplesinformative.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/anarchy-a-pamphlet-by-errico-malatesta/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Thank you to one of are readers for suggesting Malatesta. We stole this from anarchy archives. This ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><em>Thank you to one of are readers for suggesting Malatesta. We stole this from <a href="http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_Archives/malatesta/anarchy.html">anarchy archives.</a> This is a introductory essay that explains (in by no means, simple terms) what anarchism is.  If you are know of something you would like us to review, post, or just look at, please feel free to <a href="mailto:peoplesinformative@riseup.net">contact us</a>.</em></p>
<p>Anarchy is a word that comes from the Greek, and signifies, strictly speaking, &#8220;without government&#8221;: the state of a people without any constituted authority.</p>
<p>    Before such an organization had begun to be considered possible and desirable by a whole class of thinkers, so as to be taken as the aim of a movement (which has now become one of the most important factors in modern social warfare), the word &#8220;anarchy&#8221; was used universally in the sense of disorder and confusion, and it is still adopted in that sense by the ignorant and by adversaries interested in distorting the truth.</p>
<p>    We shall not enter into philological discussions, for the question is not philological but historical. The common interpretation of the word does not misconceive its true etymological signification, but is derived from it, owing to the prejudice that government must be a necessity of the organization of social life, and that consequently a society without government must be given up to disorder, and oscillate between the unbridled dominion of some and the blind vengeance of others.</p>
<p>    <strong>The existence of this prejudice and its influence on the meaning that the public has given to the word is easily explained.</strong></p>
<p>    Man, like all living beings, adapts himself to the conditions in which he lives, and transmits by inheritance his acquired habits. Thus, being born and having lived in bondage, being the descendant of a long line of slaves, man, when he began to think, believed that slavery was an essential condition of life, and liberty seemed to him impossible. In like manner, the workman, forced for centuries to depend upon the goodwill of his employer for work, that is, for bread, and accustomed to see his own life at the disposal of those who possess the land and capital, has ended in believing that it is his master who gives him food, and asks ingenuously how it would be possible to live, if there were no master over him?</p>
<p>    In the same way, a man whose limbs had been bound from birth, but who had neverless found out how to hobble about, might attribute to the very bands that bound him his ability to move, while, on the contrary, they would diminish and paralyze the muscular energy of his limbs.</p>
<p>    If then we add to the natural effect of habit the education given to him by his master, the parson, the teacher, etc., who are all interested in teaching that the employer and the government are necessary, if we add the judge and the policeman to force those who think differently &#8212; and might try to propagate their opinion &#8212; to keep silence, we shall understand how the prejudice as to the utility and necessity of masters and governments has become established. Suppose a doctor brought forward a complete theory, with a thousand ably invented illustrations, to persuade the man with bound limbs that, if his limbs were freed, he could not walk, or even live. The man would defend his bands furiously and consider anyone his enemy who tried to tear them off.</p>
<p>    Thus, if it is believed that government is necessary and that without government there must be disorder and confusion, it is natural and logical to suppose that anarchy, which signifies absence of government, must also mean absence of order.</p>
<p>    Nor is this fact without parallel in the history of words. In those epochs and countries where people have considered government by one man (monarchy) necessary, the word &#8220;republic&#8221; (that is, the government of many) has been used precisely like &#8220;anarchy,&#8221; to imply disorder and confusion. Traces of this meaning of the word are still to be found in the popular languages of almost all countries.</p>
<p>    When this opinion is changed, and the public are convinced that government is not necessary, but extremely harmful, the word &#8220;anarchy,&#8221; precisely because it signifies &#8220;without government,&#8221; will become equal to saying &#8220;natural order, harmony of needs and interests of all, complete liberty with complete solidarity.&#8221;</p>
<p>    Therefore, those are wrong who say that anarchists have chosen their name badly, because it is erroneously understood by the masses and leads to a false interpretation. The error does not come from the word, but from the thing. The difficulty which anarchists meet in spreading their views does not depend upon the name they have given themselves, but upon the fact that their conceptions strike as all the inveterate prejudices which people have about the function of government, or &#8220;the state,&#8221; as it is called.</p>
<p>    Before proceeding further, it will be well to explain this last word (the &#8220;State&#8221;) which, in our opinion, is the real cause of much misunderstanding.</p>
<p>    Anarchists generally make use if the word &#8220;State&#8221; to mean all the collection of institutions, political, legislative, judicial, military, financial, etc., by means of which management of their own affairs, the guidance of their personal conduct, and the care of ensuring their own safety are taken from the people and confided to certain individuals, and these, whether by usurpation or delegation, are invested with the right to make laws over and for all, and to constrain the public to respect them, making use of the collective force of the community to this end.</p>
<p>    In this case the word &#8220;State&#8221; means &#8220;government,&#8221; or, if you like, it is the abstract expression of which government is the personification. Then such expressions as &#8220;Abolition of the State,&#8221; or &#8220;Society without the State,&#8221; agree perfectly with the conception which anarchists wish to express of the destruction of every political institution based on authority, and of the constitution of a free and equal society, based upon harmony of interests, and the voluntary contribution of all to the satisfaction of social needs.</p>
<p>    However, the word &#8220;State&#8221; has many other meanings, and among these some that lend themselves to misconstruction, particularly when used among men whose sad social position has not afforded them leisure to become accustomed to the subtle distinction of scientific language, or, still worse, when adopted treacherously by adversaries, who are interested in confounding the sense, or do not wish to comprehend it. Thus the word &#8220;State&#8221; is often used to indicate any given society, or collection of human beings, united on a given territory and constituting what is called a &#8220;social unit,&#8221; independently of the way in which the members of the said body are grouped, or of the relations existing between them. &#8220;State&#8221; is used also simply as a synonym for &#8220;society.&#8221; Owning to these meanings of the word, our adversaries believe, or rather profess to believe, that anarchists wish to abolish every social relation and all collective work, and to reduce man to a condition of isolation, that is, to a state worse than savagery.</p>
<p>    By &#8220;State&#8221; again is meant only the supreme administration of a country, the central power, as distinct from provincial or communal power, and therefore others think that anarchists wish merely for a territorial decentralization, leaving the principle of government intact, and thus confounding anarchy with cantonical or communal government.</p>
<p>    Finally, &#8220;State&#8221; signifies &#8220;condition, mode of living, the order of social life,&#8221; etc., and therefore we say, for example, that it is necessary to change the economic state of the working classes, or that the anarchical State is the only State founded on the principles of solidarity, and other similar phrases. So that if we say also in another sense that we wish to abolish the State, we may at once appear absurd or contradictory.</p>
<p>    For these reasons, we believe that it would be better to use the expression &#8220;abolition of the State&#8221; as little as possible, and to substitute for it another, clearer, and more concrete &#8211;&#8221;abolition of government.&#8221;</p>
<p>    The latter will be the expression used in the course of this essay.</p>
<p>    <strong>We have said that anarchy is society without government. But is the suppression of government possible, desirable, or wise? Let us see.</strong></p>
<p>    What is the government? There is a disease of the human mind, called the metaphysical tendency, that causes man, after he has by a logical process abstracted the quality from an object, to be subject to a kind of hallucination that makes him take the abstraction for the real thing. This metaphysical tendency, in spite of the blows of positive science, has still strong root in the minds of the majority of our contemporary fellowmen. It has such influence that many consider government an actual entity, with certain given attributes of reason, justice, equity, independent of the people who compose the government.</p>
<p>    For those who think in this way, government, or the State, is the abstract social power, and it represents, always in the abstract, the general interest. It is the expression of the rights of all and is considered as limited by the rights of each. This way of understanding government is supported by those interested, to whom it is an urgent necessity that the principle of authority should be maintained and should always survive the faults and errors of the persons who exercise power.</p>
<p>    For us, the government is the aggregate of the governors, and the governors &#8212; kings, presidents, ministers, members of parliament, and what not &#8212; are those who have the power to make laws regulating the relations between men, and to force obedience to these laws. They are those who decide upon and claim the taxes, enforce military service, judge and punish transgressors of the laws. They subject men to regulations, and supervise and sanction private contracts. They monopolize certain branches of production and public services, or, if they wish, all production and public service. They promote or hinder the exchange of goods. They make war or peace with governments of other countries. They concede or withhold free trade and many things else. In short, the governors are those who have the power, in a greater or lesser degree, to make use of the collective force of society, that is, of the physical, intellectual, and economic force of all, to oblige each to their (the governors&#8217;) wish. And this power constitutes, in our opinion, the very principle of government and authority.</p>
<p>    <strong>But what reason is there for the existence of government?</strong></p>
<p>    Why abdicate one&#8217;s own liberty, one&#8217;s own initiative in favor of other individuals? Why give them the power to be the masters, with or against the wish of each, to dispose of the forces of all in their own way? Are the governors such exceptionally gifted men as to enable them, with some show of reason, to represent the masses and act in the interests of all men better than all men would be able to act for themselves? Are they so infallible and incorruptible that one can confide to them, with any semblance of prudence, the fate of each and all, trusting to their knowledge and goodness?</p>
<p>    And even if there existed men of infinite goodness and knowledge, even if we assume what has never happened in history and what we believe could never happen, namely, that the government might devolve upon the ablest and best, would the possession of government power add anything to their beneficent influence? Would it not rather paralyze or destroy it? For those who govern find it necessary to occupy themselves with things which they do not understand, and, above all, to waste the greater part of their energy in keeping themselves in power, striving to satisfy their friends, holding the discontented in check, and mastering the rebellious.</p>
<p>    Again, be the governors good or bad, wise or ignorant, how do they gain power? Do they impose themselves by right of war, conquest, or revolution? If so, what guarantees have the public that their rules have the general good at heart? In this case it is simply a question of usurpation, and if the subjects are discontented, nothing is left to them but to throw off the yoke by an appeal to arms. Are the governors chosen from a certain class or party? Then inevitably the ideas and interests of that class or party will triumph, and the wishes and interests of the others will be sacrificed. Are they elected by universal suffrage? Now numbers are the sole criteria, and numbers are clearly no proof of reason, justice, or capacity. Under universal suffrage the elected are those who know best how to take in the masses. The minority, which may happen to be the half minus one, is sacrificed. Moreover, experience has shown it is impossible to hit upon an electoral system that really ensures election by the actual majority.</p>
<p>    Many and various are the theories by which men have sought to justify the existence of government. All, however, are founded, confessedly or not, on the assumption that the individuals of a society have contrary interests, and that an external superior power is necessary to oblige some to respect the interests of others, by prescribing and imposing a rule of conduct, according to which each may obtain the maximum of satisfaction with the minimum of sacrifice. If, say the theorists of the authoritarian school, the interests, tendencies, and desires of an individual are in opposition to those of another individual, or perhaps all society, who will have the right and the power to oblige the one to respect the interests of the other or others? Who will be able to prevent the individual citizen from offending the general will? The liberty of each, they say, has for its limit the liberty of others: but who will establish those limits, and who will cause them to be respected? The natural antagonism of interests and passions creates the necessity for government, and justifies authority. Authority intervenes as moderator of the social strife and defines the limits of the rights and duties of each.</p>
<p>    This is the theory; but to be sound the theory should be based upon an explanation of facts. We know well how in social economy theories are too often invented to justify facts, that is, to defend privilege and cause it to be accepted tranquilly by those who are its victims. Let us here look at the facts themselves.</p>
<p>    In all the course of history, as in the present epoch, government is either brutal, violent, arbitrary domination of the few over the many, or it is an instrument devised to secure domination and privilege to those who, by force, or cunning, or inheritance, have taken to themselves all the means of life, first and foremost the soil, whereby they hold the people in servitude, making them work for their advantage.</p>
<p>    Governments oppress mankind in two ways, either directly, by brute force, that is physical violence, or indirectly, by depriving them of the means of subsistence and thus reducing them to helplessness. Political power originated in the first method; economic privilege arose from the second. Governments can also oppress man by acting on his emotional nature, and in this way constitute religious authority. There is no reason for the propagation of religious superstitions but that they defend and consolidate political and economic privileges.</p>
<p>    In primitive society, when the world was not so densely populated as now and social relations were less complicated, if any circumstance prevented the formation of habits and customs of solidarity, or destroyed those which already existed and established the domination of man over man, the two powers, political and economic, were united in the same hands &#8212; often in those of a single individual. Those who by force had conquered and impoverished the others, constrained them to become their servants and to perform all things according to their caprice. The victors were at once proprietors, legislators, kings, judges, and executioners.</p>
<p>    But with the increase of population, with the growth of needs, with the complication of social relationships, the prolonged continuance of such despotism became impossible. For their own security the rulers, often much against their will, were obliged to depend upon a privileged class, that is, a certain number of cointerested individuals, and were also obliged to let each of these individuals provide for his own sustenance. Nevertheless they reserved to themselves the supreme or ultimate control. In other words, the rulers reserved to themselves the right to exploit all at their own convenience, and so to satisfy their kingly vanity. Thus private wealth was developed under the shadow of the ruling power, for its protection and &#8212; often unconsciously &#8212; as its accomplice. The class of proprietors arose, and, concentrated little by little into their hands all the means of production, the very fountain of life &#8212; agriculture, industry, and exchange &#8212; ended by becoming a power in themselves. This power, by the superiority of its means of action and the great mass of interests it embraces, always ends by subjugating more or less openly the political power, that is, the government, which it makes its policeman.</p>
<p>    This phenomenon has been repeated often in history. Every time that, by military enterprise, physical brute force has taken the upper hand in society, the conquerors have shown the tendency to concentrate government and property in their own hands. In every case, however, because the government cannot attend to the production of wealth and overlook and direct everything, it finds it necessary to conciliate a powerful class, and private property is again established. With it comes the division of the two sorts of society, and that of the persons who control the collective force of society, and that of the proprietors, upon whom these governors become essentially dependent, because the proprietors command the sources of the said collective force.</p>
<p>    Never has this state of affairs been so accentuated as in modern times. The development of production, the immense extension of commerce, the extensive power that money has acquired, and all the economic results flowing from the discovery of America, the invention of machinery, etc., have secured the supremacy to the capitalist class that it is no longer content to trust to the support of the government and has come to wish that the government composed of members from its own class, continually under its control and specially organized to defend it against the possible revenge of the disinherited. Hence the origin of the modern parliamentary system.</p>
<p>    Today the government is composed of proprietors, or people of their class so entirely under their influence that the richest do not find it necessary to take an active part themselves. Rothschild, for instance, does not need to be either M.P. or minister, it is enough for him to keep M.P.&#8217;s and ministers dependent upon him.</p>
<p>    In many countries, the proletariat participates nominally in the election of the government. This is a concession which the bourgeois (i.e., proprietory) class have made, either to avail themselves of popular support in the strife against royal or aristocratic power, or to divert the attention of the people from their own emancipation by giving them an apparent share in political power. However, whether the bourgeoisie foresaw it or not, when first they conceded to the people the right to vote, the fact is that the right has proved in reality a mockery, serving only to consolidate the power of the bourgeoisie, while giving to the most energetic only of the proletariat the illusory hope of arriving at power.</p>
<p>    So also with universal suffrage &#8212; we might say, especially with universal suffrage &#8212; the government has remained the servant and police of the bourgeois class. How could it be otherwise? If the government should reach the point of becoming hostile, if the hope of democracy should ever be more than a delusion deceiving the people, the proprietory class, menaced in its interests would at once rebel and would use all the force and influence that come from the possession of wealth, to reduce the government to the simple function of acting as policeman.</p>
<p>    In all times and in all places, whatever may be the name of that the government takes, whatever has been its origin, or its organization, its essential function is always that of oppressing and exploiting the masses, and of defending the oppressors and exploiters. Its principal characteristic and indispensable instruments are the policeman and the tax collector, the soldier and the prison. And to these are necessarily added the time serving priest or teacher, as the case may be, supported and protected by the government, to render the spirit of the people servile and make them docile under the yoke.</p>
<p>    Certainly, in addition to this primary business, to this essential department of governmental action other departments have been added in the course of time. We even admit that never, or hardly ever, has a government been able to exist in a country that was civilized without adding to its oppressing and exploiting functions others useful and indispensable to social life. But this fact makes it nonetheless true that government is in its nature a means of exploitation, and that its position doom it to be the defense of a dominant class, thus confirming and increasing the evils of domination.</p>
<p>    The government assumes the business of protecting, more or less vigilantly, the life of citizens against direct or brutal attacks; acknowledges and legalizes a certain number of rights and primitive usages and customs, without which it is impossible to live in society. It organizes and directs certain public services, such as the post, preservation of the public health, benevolent institutions, workhouses, etc., and poses as the protector and benefactor of the poor and weak. But to prove our point it is sufficient to notice how and why it fulfills these functions. The fact is that everything the government undertakes is always inspired with the spirit of domination and intended to defend, enlarge, and perpetuate the privileges of property and of those classes of which the government is representative and defender.</p>
<p>    A government cannot rule for any length of time without hiding its true nature behind the pretense of general utility. It cannot respect the lives of the privileged without assuming the air of wishing to respect the lives of all. It cannot cause the privileges of some to be tolerated without appearing as the custodian of the rights of everyone. &#8220;The law&#8221; (and, of course, those who have made the law, i.e., the government) &#8220;has utilized,&#8221; says Kropotkin, &#8220;the social sentiments of man, working into them those precepts of morality, which man has accepted, together with arrangements useful to the minority &#8212; the exploiters &#8212; and opposed to the interests of those who might have rebelled, had it not been for this show of a moral ground.&#8221;</p>
<p>    A government cannot wish the destruction of the community, for then it and the dominant class could not claim their wealth from exploitation; nor could the government leave the community to manage its own affairs, for then the people would soon discover that it (the government) was necessary for no other end than to defend the proprietory class who impoverish them, and would hasten to rid themselves of both government and proprietory class.</p>
<p>    Today, in the face of the persistent and menacing demands of the proletariat, governments show a tendency to interfere in the relations between employers and work people. Thus they try to arrest the labor movement and to impede with delusive reforms the attempts of the poor to take to themselves what is due to them, namely, an equal share of the good things of life that others enjoy.</p>
<p>    We must also remember that on one hand the bourgeoisie, that is, the proprietory class, make war among themselves and destroy one another continually, and that, on the other hand, the government, although composed of the bourgeoisie and, acting as their servants and protector, is still, like every servant or protector, continually striving to emancipate itself and to domineer over its charge. Thus, this seesaw game, this swaying between conceding and withdrawing, this seeking allies among the people and against the classes, and among classes against the masses, forms the science of the governors and blinds the ingenuous and phlegmatic, who are always expecting that salvation is coming to them from on high.</p>
<p>    With all this, the government does not change its nature. If it acts as regulator or guarantor of the rights and duties of each, it perverts the sentiments of justice. It justifies wrong and punishes every act that offends or menaces the privileges of the governors and proprietors. It declares just and legal the most atrocious exploitation of the miserable, which means a slow and continuous material and moral murder, perpetrated by those who have on those who have not. Again, if it administers public services, it always considers the interests of the governors and proprietors, not occupying itself with the interests of the working masses, except insofar as is necessary to make the masses willing to endure their share of taxation. If it instructs, it fetters and curtails the truth, and tends to prepare the minds and hearts of the young to become either implacable tyrants or docile slaves, according to the class to which they belong. In the hands of the government everything becomes a means of exploitation, everything serves as a police measure, useful to hold the people in check. And it must be thus. If the life of mankind consists in strife between man and man, naturally there must be conquerors and conquered, and the government, which is the means of securing to the victors the results of their victory and perpetuating those results, will certainly never fall to those who have lost, whether the battle be on the grounds of physical or intellectual strength, or in the field of economics. And those who have fought to secure to themselves better conditions than others can have, to win privilege and add domination to power, and have attained the victory, will certainly not use it to defend the rights of the vanquished, and to place limits to their own power and to that of their friends and partisans.</p>
<p>    The government &#8212; or the State, if you will &#8212; as judge, moderator of social strife, impartial administrator of the public interests, is a lie, an illusion, a Utopia, never realized and never realizable. If, in fact, the interests of men must always be contrary to one another, if, indeed, the strife between mankind has made laws necessary to human society, and the liberty of the individual must be limited by the liberty of other individuals, then each one would always seek to make his interests triumph over those of others. Each would strive to enlarge his own liberty at the cost of the liberty of others, and there would be government. Not simply because it was more or less useful to the totality of the members of society to have a government, but because the conquerors would wish to secure themselves the fruits of victory. They would wish effectually to subject the vanquished and relieve themselves of the trouble of being always on the defensive, and they would appoint men, specially adapted to the business, to act as police. Were this indeed actually the case, then humanity would be destined to perish amid periodical contests between the tyranny of the dominators and the rebellion of the conquered.</p>
<p>    But fortunately the future of humanity is a happier one, because the law that governs it is milder.</p>
<p>    Thus, in the contest of centuries between liberty and authority, or, in other words, between social equality and social castes, the question at issue has not really been the relations between society and the individual, or the increase of individual independence at the cost of social control, or vice versa. Rather it has had to do with preventing any one individual from oppressing the others; with giving to everyone the same rights and the same means of action. It has had to do with substituting the initiative of all, which must naturally result in the advantage of all, for the initiative of the few, which necessarily results in the suppression of all the others. It is always, in short, the question of putting an end to the domination and exploitation of man by man in such a way that all are interested in the common welfare, and that the individual force of each, instead of oppressing, combating, or suppressing others, will find the possibility of complete development, and everyone will seek to associate with others for the greater advantage of all.</p>
<p>    From what we have said, it follows that the existence of a government, even upon the hypothesis that the ideal government of authoritarian socialists were possible, far from producing an increase of productive force, would immensely diminish it, because the government would restrict initiative to the few. It would give these few the right to do all things, without being able, of course, to endow them with the knowledge or understanding of all things.</p>
<p>    In fact, if you divest legislation and all the operations of government of what is intended to protect the privileged, and what represents the wishes of the privileged classes alone, nothing remains but the aggregate of individual governors. &#8220;The State,&#8221; says Sismondi, &#8220;is always a conservative power which authorizes, regulates, and organizes the conquests of progress (and history testifies that it applies them to the profit of its own and the other privileged classes) but never does it inaugurate them. New ideas always originate from beneath, are conceived in the foundations of society, and then, when divulged, they become opinion and grow. But they must always meet on their path, and combat the constituted powers of tradition, custom, privilege and error.&#8221;</p>
<p>    In order to understand how society could exist without a government, it is sufficient to turn our attention for a short space to what actually goes on in our present society. We shall see that in reality the most important functions are fulfilled even nowadays outside the intervention of government. Also that government only interferes to exploit the masses, or defend the privileged, or, lastly, to sanction, most unnecessarily, all that has been done without its aid, often in spite of and opposition to it. Men work, exchange, study, travel, follow as they choose the current rules of morality or hygiene; they profit by the progress of science and art, have numberless mutual interests without ever feeling the need of ant one to direct them how to conduct themselves in regard to these matters. On the contrary, it is just those things in which no governmental interference that prosper best and give rise to the least contention, being unconsciously adapted to the wish of all in the way found most useful and agreeable.</p>
<p>    Nor is government more necessary for large undertakings, or for those public services which require the constant cooperation of many people of different conditions and countries. Thousands of these undertakings are even now the work of voluntarily formed associations. And these are, by the acknowledgment of everyone, the undertakings that succeed the best. We do not refer to the associations of capitalists, organized by means of exploitation, although even they show capabilities and powers of free association, which may extended until it embraces all the people of all lands and includes the widest and most varying interests. We speak rather of those associations inspired by the love of humanity, or by the passion for knowledge, or even simply by the desire for amusement and love of applause, as these represent better such groupings as will exist in a society where, private property and internal strife between men being abolished, each will find his interests compatible with the interest of everyone else and his greatest satisfaction in doing good and pleasing others. Scientific societies and congresses, international lifeboat and Red Cross associations, laborers&#8217; unions, peace societies, volunteers who hasten to the rescue at times of great public calamity, are all examples, among thousands, of that power of the spirit of association which always shows itself when a need arises or an enthusiasm takes hold, and the means do not fail. That voluntary associations do not cover the world and do not embrace every branch of material and moral activity is the fault of the obstacles placed in their way by governments, of the antagonisms create by the possession of private property, and of the impotence and degradation to which the monopolizing of wealth on the part of the few reduces the majority of mankind.</p>
<p>    The government takes charge, for instance, of the postal and telegraph services. But in what way does it really assist them? When the people are in such a condition as to be able to enjoy and feel the need of such services they will think about organizing them, and the man with the necessary technical knowledge will not require a certificate from a government to enable him to set to work. The more general and urgent the need, the more volunteers will offer to satisfy it. Would the people have the ability necessary to provide and distribute provisions? Never fear, they will not die of hunger waiting for government to pass a law on the subject. Wherever a government exists, it must wait until the people have first organized everything, and then come with its laws to sanction and exploit what has already been done. It is evident that private interest is the great motive for all activity. That being so, when the interest of every one becomes the interest of each (and it necessarily will become so as soon as private property is abolished), then all will be active. If they work now in the interest of the few, so much more and so much better will they work to satisfy the interests of all. It is hard to understand how anyone can believe that public services indispensable to social life can be better secured by order of a government than through the workers themselves who by their own choice or by agreement with others carry them out under the immediate control of all those interested.</p>
<p>    Certainly in every collective undertaking on a large scale there is need for division of labor, for technical direction, administration, etc. But the authoritarians are merely playing with words, when they deduce a reason for the existence of government, from the very real necessity for organization of labor. The government, we must repeat, is the aggregate of the individuals who have received or have taken the right or the mean to make laws, and force the people to obey them. The administrators, engineers, etc., on the other hand, are men who receive or assume the charge of doing a certain work. Government signifies delegation of power, that is, abdication of the initiative and sovereignty of everyone into the hand of the few. Administration signifies delegation of work, that is, the free exchange of services founded on free agreement.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[MATERIALE RESISTENTE]]></title>
<link>http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/2009/04/25/materiale-resistente/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2009 11:11:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Sendivogius</dc:creator>
<guid>http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/2009/04/25/materiale-resistente/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[  “C’era una volta il 25 Aprile&#8230;”   Annegata nei fiumi della retorica istituzionale, irrisa da]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:18pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>C’era una volta il 25 Aprile&#8230;</em>”</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:8pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-483" title="vauro-25-aprile-2009" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/vauro-25-aprile-2009.jpg" alt="vauro-25-aprile-2009" width="410" height="277" /></span></span><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Annegata nei fiumi della retorica istituzionale, irrisa dagli eredi della RSI al governo e platealmente snobbata dal ducetto di Arcore, quella del 25 Aprile 2009 sarà una strana <em>Festa della Liberazione</em><strong> </strong>dove non si parlerà di <strong>‘Resistenza’ </strong>e, soprattutto, non si pronuncerà mai la parola <strong>ANTIFASCISMO</strong>. Sarà la celebrazione dei “vincitori e dei vinti”, “delle ragioni condivise”, “della libertà”: un’orgia <em>bipartisan</em> nell’alcova del negazionismo revisionista, in nome della ritrovata “concordia nazionale”. In pratica, si consumerà una non-festa svuotata di senso e di ideali, manipolata per esigenze di ritorno elettorale, con l’ennesima passerella abruzzese del <em>premier</em> in cerca di consensi. L’ascesa al Colle di Re Silvio val bene l’adesione ad almeno un 25 Aprile, dopo 14 anni di assenza.  </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">E siccome nessuna ‘ascesa’ è irresistibile, in questa ricorrenza celebreremo quegli eroi sconosciuti che al fascismo si opposero prima che questo diventasse regime. Uomini liberi che combatterono (e morirono), in totale solitudine, tra l’ostilità istituzionale di coloro che dell’antifascismo fecero una professione rituale, piuttosto che una militanza attiva.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Pertanto, tracciare una breve storia dello <em>spontaneismo militante </em>e dei movimenti che si opposero al fascismo al suo nascere è un lavoro complesso che, speriamo, non deluderà quei lettori eventualmente interessati ad una sintesi d’insieme.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;">Le prime organizzazioni antifasciste </span></strong><strong></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Dopo la grande mobilitazione popolare del 1919-1920 e l’inconcludente sbornia collettiva del cosiddetto <em>Biennio Rosso</em>, si scatena la reazione di agrari e industriali coagulati attorno al nascente movimento fascista, che agisce in maniera capillare dai piccoli centri alle grandi città. Con l’intensificarsi dello squadrismo, <span style="color:#888888;">nel primo semestre del </span></span><a title="1921" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">1921</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;"> si registrano 726 distruzioni operate dalle squadre fasciste: 17 </span></span><a title="Giornale" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornale"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">giornali</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;"> e </span></span><a title="Tipografia" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipografia"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">tipografie</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">, 59 </span></span><a title="Casa del popolo (pagina inesistente)" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casa_del_popolo&#38;action=edit&#38;redlink=1"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">case del popolo</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">, 119 </span></span><a title="Camera del lavoro (pagina inesistente)" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camera_del_lavoro&#38;action=edit&#38;redlink=1"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">camere del lavoro</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">, 107 </span></span><a title="Cooperativa" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperativa"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">cooperative</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">, 83 </span></span><a title="Lega" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">leghe</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;"> contadine, 8 </span></span><a title="Società" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SocietÃ "><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">società</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;"> di mutuo soccorso, 141 sezioni socialiste, 100 circoli di </span></span><a title="Cultura" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">cultura</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">, 10 </span></span><a title="Biblioteca" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">biblioteche</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">, 28 centri sindacali, 53 circoli operai ricreativi, una </span></span><a title="Università popolare" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniversitÃ _popolare"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">università popolare</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">.</span> A questo si aggiungono intimidazioni, pestaggi e uccisioni, ai danni di sindacalisti, militanti di sinistra ed esponenti socialisti, nella sostanziale indifferenza del <strong>governo liberale</strong> e delle forze di polizia che, di fatto, tollerano lo squadrismo, quando non lo agevolano apertamente. Il Partito Socialista ed il Partito Repubblicano considerano il fascismo un fenomeno transitorio, come un’influenza di passaggio. Perciò scelgono una politica attendistica basata sulla resistenza passiva, confidando nell’intervento governativo e nel ripristino dell’ordine pubblico. E infatti la Regia Guardia e Reali Carabinieri intervengono eccome: nei quindici mesi conosciuti come “biennio rosso”, uccidono circa 150 operai e ne feriscono quasi 500 in modo grave. Forniscono armi e sostegno logistico ai fascisti, intervengono in loro aiuto quando questi sono messi in difficoltà dalla reazione popolare.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Per difendersi dalle violenze fasciste, nascono (soprattutto nel Centro-Nord) comitati di autodifesa su base spontanea, insieme alle prime “formazioni di difesa proletaria” legate alle posizioni politiche di partito, ma scarsamente efficaci in quanto prive di coordinamento e di appoggi concreti, nonostante molti degli appartenenti fossero reduci di guerra. I rapporti di forza cambiano notevolmente con l’entrata in scena degli <strong>“Arditi del Popolo”</strong>: uomini di comprovata esperienza militare, versati nell’uso delle armi e nelle tattiche di guerra. Si trattava spesso di ex militari pluridecorati e di ufficiali competenti, provenienti dai reparti d’assalto e da corpi scelti come gli Arditi: temprati dall’esperienza sul campo negli spietati fronti della “Grande Guerra” e specialisti in missioni impossibili.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>Benché l&#8217;antifascismo &#8211; inteso sia come teorizzazione politica che come risposta militare &#8211; nasca quasi contemporaneamente alla comparsa dello squadrismo, le prime forme di resistenza al fascismo sono sicuramente meno note di quelle legate alle esperienze della guerra civile spagnola e della Resistenza. <strong>Nel secondo dopoguerra, l&#8217;antifascismo sconfitto degli </strong></em><strong>Arditi del popolo<em> è stato relegato ai margini della storiografia, benché dietro esso vi fossero le stesse ragioni fondanti della Resistenza.</em></strong><em> Tra le ragioni di questa parziale rimozione, vi possono essere quella delle origini e della natura della prima associazione antifascista (permeata da miti arditistico-dannunziani, successivamente fatti propri dal fascismo e, al contempo, attestata su posizioni genericamente rivoluzionarie) e quella della difficile autocritica degli attori di allora (dalle istituzioni alle forze politiche e sociali) le quali non compresero appieno la portata del fenomeno fascista e che, tranne qualche eccezione, ostacolarono la diffusione dell&#8217;antifascismo del 1921-22. Un antifascismo forse (e comunque solo per taluni aspetti) distante, per contenuti e forme, da quello istituzionalizzatosi nell&#8217;Italia repubblicana; ma pur sempre un antifascismo nel quale l&#8217;esperienza resistenziale e il movimento democratico sorto da essa trovano la loro origine.</em>” </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">[Fonte: romacivica.net/anpiroma. </span></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">Il testo integrale lo avreste potute leggere <strong><a href="http://www.romacivica.net/anpiroma/antifascismo/antifascismo3.html">qui</a></strong>. Coerentemente con il nuovo corso politico, al momento il sito risulta oscurato, pare, per intervento dello stesso Comune di Roma. Confidiamo in un rapido ripristino.<strong>]</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ARDITI DEL POPOLO (1921-1922)</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-487" title="arditi-del-popolo" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/arditi-del-popolo.jpg?w=300" alt="arditi-del-popolo" width="300" height="295" /> “<em>Essi furono il primo movimento antifascista, organizzato militarmente, che la nostra storia abbia conosciuto in quanto combatté duce e compari prima ancora che questi stessi prendessero il potere. Gli Arditi del Popolo, ovunque si sentisse puzza di imminenti aggressioni squadristiche, si piantavano lì arrabbiati e soli, dannatamente soli, pronti a spezzare il sopruso.</em>”<strong> </strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> [<em>Gli Arditi del Popolo</em> di A. Liparoto]</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Gli Arditi del Popolo nascono tra il 27 Giugno e il 2 Luglio 1921 all’interno della sezione romana dell’Associazione Nazionale Arditi Italiani, in contrapposizione con la sede milanese schierata apertamente col fascismo. Il nuovo direttorio romano è guidato da <strong>Argo Secondari</strong>, anarchico, e da altri sottufficiali di idee libertarie, provenienti dalla sinistra interventista. Al fianco di Secondari si schierarono altri ex-arditi di diversa matrice politica: dannunziani, repubblicani, anarchici individualisti, motivati da un medesimo obiettivo: <span style="color:#888888;">“<em>Fino a quando i fascisti continueranno a bruciare le case del popolo, case sacre ai lavoratori, fino a quando i fascisti assassineranno i fratelli operai, fino a quando continueranno la guerra fratricida gli Arditi d&#8217;Italia non potranno con loro aver nulla di comune. Un solco profondo di sangue e di macerie fumanti divide fascisti e Arditi.</em>”</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ffcc99;">[Dichiarazione di Argo Secondari all’assemblea degli Arditi del Popolo del 27 giugno 1921, riportata da “Umanità Nova” del 29 giugno 1921]</span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">L’Associazione Nazionale Arditi d’Italia (A.N.A.I.), era stata costituita il 1° Gennaio 1919 da <strong>Mario Carli</strong>, un ex capitano degli Arditi, orientato su posizioni di sinistra e vicino ai futuristi di Marinetti: nel 1918 Carli aveva fondato il periodico <em>Roma Futurista</em>. L’A.N.A.I, creata da Carli, si proponeva come punto di riferimento per quei 40.000 ex Arditi che, da osannata truppa di elite durante il conflitto, erano diventati degli spiantati di difficile ricollocazione in tempo di pace. Uniti dal comune disprezzo dei reduci per gli “imboscati”, disgustati dal pacifismo socialista, molti ex arditi sono sensibili alle lusinghe del fascismo emergente. Nonostante l’assalto del 15 Aprile 1919 alla sede del quotidiano socialista <em>L’Avanti!</em> il connubio tra arditi è fascismo non è né scontanto né unanime. A tal proposito Carli, facendosi interprete dei malumori all’interno del movimento, si dissociava apertamente con un indignato articolo dal titolo inequivocabile: <em>Arditi non gendarmi!</em>  </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nel settembre del 1919 gli Arditi aderiscono in massa all’Impresa di Fiume. E nel 1920 anche Carli raggiunge Gabriele D’Annunzio, che intanto ha proclamato la <strong>Reggenza del Carnaro</strong> alla quale aderirono non pochi socialrivoluzionari.<strong> </strong>A Fiume, Guido Carli rappresenta la parte filobolscevica e, da esterno, appoggerà il nuovo movimento creato a Roma da Secondari, prima di convertirsi anche lui al fascismo.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>Si trattava di una importantissima svolta nella storia degli arditi. Su forte impulso di Secondari si decideva infatti di virare la sezione romana in senso antifascista. L’imperativo categorico era proteggere le associazioni proletarie dagli attacchi degli squadristi.</em>”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> [<em>Gli Arditi del Popolo</em> di A. Liparoto]</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-488" title="argo-secondari-e-arditi" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/argo-secondari-e-arditi.jpg?w=270" alt="argo-secondari-e-arditi" width="270" height="300" />Argo Secondari è un ex tenente delle “fiamme nere” (Arditi provenienti dalla fanteria), decorato con la medaglia d’argento al valor militare. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nel 1919 ha cercato di promuovere una insurrezione anarchica  a Roma, con elementi repubblicani, nota come “Complotto di Pietralata”, insieme al ten. Ferrari ed al sergente maggiore Pierdominici. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Il 6 Luglio 1921, Secondari partecipa con i suoi Arditi del Popolo, circa 2000 reduci, alla manifestazione organizzata all’Orto Botanico di Roma dal “Comitato romano di difesa proletaria” contro lo squadrismo fascista.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> “<em>La nuova associazione veniva inizialmente ben accolta dai cosiddetti partiti sovversivi (Partito socialista, Partito repubblicano, Partito comunista, Unione anarchica), oltre che dai sindacati di classe (Cgl e Usi), tanto che numerosi proletari e militanti antifascisti aderirono alla neonata formazione, nella speranza e con la determinazione di difendere le strutture del movimento operaio dalle sistematiche aggressioni compiute, con metodi paramilitari, dallo squadrismo fascista </em>(&#8230;)<em> Secondo un rapporto dello stesso prefetto di Roma, agli Arditi del Popolo si andavano iscrivendo numerosi simpatizzanti appartenenti ai vari partiti rivoluzionari, nonché lavoratori postelegrafonici facenti capo al comunista Cesare De Fabiani e molti fornaciai anarchici del quartiere di Porta Trionfale, dove abitava anche </em><strong>Errico Malatesta</strong>.”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[Marco Rossi. “<em>Una storia romana: gli Arditi del Popolo</em>”]</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-490" title="malatesta-con-gli-arditi_del_popolo" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/malatesta-con-gli-arditi_del_popolo.jpg?w=300" alt="malatesta-con-gli-arditi_del_popolo" width="300" height="205" />Considerando le sole sezioni la cui esistenza è certa, gli Arditi del Popolo contano, nell’estate del 1921, 144 sezioni con 20 mila aderenti circa: Lazio (12 sezioni, 3.340 associati), Toscana (18 sezioni, 3.056 iscritti), Umbria (16 sezioni, 2000 aderenti), Marche (12 strutture organizzate, circa 1000 iscritti), Lombardia (17 sezioni, più di 2.100 Arditi del popolo), nel Veneto e Friuli (15 nuclei, circa 2.200 militanti), Emilia Romagna (18 sezioni, 1.400 associati), Liguria (1080 associati, 4 battaglioni nella sola Genova), Piemonte (8 raggruppamenti, circa 1.300 aderenti), Trentino (1 sezione con 200 associati), Sicilia (7 sezioni, circa 600 aderenti), Campania (536 aderenti), Puglia (6 sezioni, circa 500 aderenti), Abruzzo e Calabria (1 sezione, circa 200 aderenti), Sardegna (2 sezioni, 150 iscritti). Insieme a simpatizzanti e sostenitori esterni, non iscritti, è possibile che l’organizzazione raggiungesse però le 50.000 unità.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Agli Arditi del Popolo aderiscono pure ferrovieri e operai delle ferrovie, metalmeccanici, braccianti agricoli e contadini, metalmeccanici, operai edili, operai dei cantieri navali, portuali e marittimi. “Ma vi sono anche, in misura minore e soprattutto tra i gruppi dirigenti, impiegati, pubblicisti, studenti, artigiani e qualche libero professionista”. Agli occhi dei ceti operai e dei lavoratori infatti gli Arditi del Popolo appaiono come l’unica organizzazione in grado di tutelarli con successo contro le violenze fasciste. E il movimento di Secondari si estende a macchia d’olio nelle varie città italiane, diventando un’organizzazione strutturata a livello nazionale nella quale confluiscono le precedenti formazioni di difesa proletaria, ripartite su base locale e politica:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Abbasso la legge</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: anarchici <span style="color:#c0c0c0;">(Carrara)  </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Gruppi Arditi Rossi</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">, o semplicemente <strong>Arditi Rossi</strong>: socialisti, poi comunisti (Venezia Giulia) di <span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Vittorio Ambrosini</strong></span>, capitano degli Arditi, vicino all&#8217;ambiente futurista, personaggio singolare che attraverserà lo scenario combattentistico di entrambi i conflitti mondiali, fonda con <a title="Giuseppe Bottai" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Bottai"><span style="text-decoration:none;"><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Giuseppe Bottai</strong></span></span></a><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>, </strong></span><a title="Mario Carli" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Carli"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;"><strong><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Mario</span> <span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Carli</span></strong></span></a><strong><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">,</span> </strong>ed altri la &#8220;Associazione fra gli Arditi d&#8217;Italia&#8221; e segue Argo Secondari nella scissione che da vita agli Arditi del Popolo, dai quali <span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Giuseppe Bottai</span> prende le distanze. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Gruppi rivoluzionari di azione</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: anarchici e socialisti (Torino e centri industriali dintorni) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Guardie Rosse</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: socialisti, poi comunisti (Empoli, Torino, Alessandria e centri industriali dei dintorni) ad Empoli è importante il meccanismo di provocazione (poi ripetuto innumerevoli volte) messo in atto da organi istituzionali d&#8217;accordo con i fascisti; una forte formazione di Guardie Rosse agisce anche ad Imola in collaborazione con le formazioni antifasciste anarchiche </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Squadre di azione antifascista</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: anarchici e comunisti <span style="color:#c0c0c0;">(Livorno) </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Centurie proletarie</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: comunisti e socialisti (Torino) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Figli di nessuno</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: anarchici (Genova, Vercelli, Novara) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Lupi Rossi</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: socialisti (Genova) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nel “Fronte unito nazionale degli Arditi del Popolo”<strong> </strong>militavano in comune sinergia:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Legione Arditi Proletari Filippo Corridoni</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">(Legione Proletaria Filippo Corridoni)</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: repubblicani, socialisti rivoluzionari, sindacalisti rivoluzionari (Parma) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Arditi Ferrovieri</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">: fronte unito riconducibile al battaglione Arditi del Popolo (Milano e dintorni) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Centurie proletarie</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">: </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">fronte unito riconducibile a battaglione/i Arditi del Popolo (basso Friuli) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Ciclisti Rossi</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">: </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">socialisti, comunisti, anarchici fronte unito riconducibile a battaglione/i Arditi del Popolo (Cremona e provincia, Venezia Giulia) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Corpo di Difesa Operaia</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">: </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">fronte unito riconducibile a battaglione/i Arditi del Popolo (Torino e centri industriali dintorni) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Guardie Rosse Volanti</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">: </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">fronte unito riconducibile a battaglione/i Arditi del Popolo: comunisti e socialisti (Crema e dintorni) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Squadre Comuniste d&#8217;Azione</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">: </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">comunisti (Italia nord-occidentale)</span><span style="font-size:13pt;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;">Squadre Difesa Proletaria</span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">: </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">anarchici e comunisti (Fermo)</span><span style="font-size:13pt;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-11.35pt;text-align:justify;margin:0 0 0 11.35pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;">§<span style="font:7pt &#34;">   </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="color:#ffcc99;">Squadre Azione Repubblicana</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;color:black;"><span style="color:#ffcc99;">:</span> </span><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">repubblicani (Romagna, Marche; zone di intensa attività furono anche il Lazio, e specificatamente Roma: forte fu la presenza di tale organizzazione dopo la scissione avvenuta nella capitale fra gli Arditi ed avendo la città stessa una forte tradizione insurrezionale. Anche la zona di Bari, dove agiva</span><span style="font-size:13pt;"> </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><a title="Giuseppe Di Vittorio" href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Di_Vittorio"><span style="text-decoration:none;"><strong>Giuseppe Di Vittorio</strong></span></a><strong>,</strong> in quanto pur essendo generalmente riportate le formazioni di difesa proletaria come Arditi del Popolo, nella realtà l&#8217;insieme dei combattenti antifascisti in quell&#8217;area era più complessa)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-489" title="bandiera-arditi1" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/bandiera-arditi1.jpg" alt="bandiera-arditi1" width="275" height="188" /> “<em>Sotto il profilo tecnico-militare, gli Arditi del popolo sono una struttura militare agile, poichè devono essere capaci di convergere in poco tempo laddove si presuma possa avvenire un aggressione fascista. L&#8217;organizzazzione antifascista esercitava il suo controllo anche sotto forma di vera e propria milizia di quartiere, pattugliando il territorio e identificando gli elementi fascisti. Gli arditi del popolo erano strutturati in Battaglioni, a loro volta suddivisi in compagnie (altrimenti dette Centurie) e in squadre. Ogni squadra era composta da 10 elementi più il caposquadra, più battaglioni formavano una compagnia. L&#8217;addestramento dei partecipanti avveniva nelle campagne alle porte della città, oppure in montagna. Dal punto di vista organizzativo la struttura del movimento non è eccessivamente accentrata. Al primo congresso dell&#8217;associazione vengono nominati dei Direttorii dei Comitati Regionali (i quali esistevano solo sulla carta), ai quali sarà dato un ampio margine di autonomia. Nella pratica ogni sezione decide autonomamente il proprio lavoro. In alcune città, come Livorno ad esempio, accade che le varie compagnie di Arditi si raggruppino a seconda dell&#8217;orientamento politico.</em>”<em> </em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">L’adesione sostanzialmente libera, non vincolata dalle fedeltà di partito e dai rigori ideologici, insieme alla presenza di una forte componente anarchica, insospettisce le segreterie di partito che guardano con diffidenza al movimento, come ad uno sgradito concorrente. Nonostante gli esordi positivi, supportati dall’adesione di molti militanti, gli apparati di segreteria decidono quindi di isolare gli Arditi del Popolo, marcandone nettamente le distanze. Il primo a dissociarsi è il Partito Repubblicano, già dalla fine del Luglio 1921, anche se la sua struttura giovanile continuò a parteciparvi attivamente. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Il 2 agosto 1921, viene firmato il <strong>“Patto di Pacificazione”</strong> tra PSI, CGL e Fasci di Combattimento, subito disatteso da quest’ultimi. Col “Patto”, il governo Bonomi disarticola ogni possibile resistenza al fascismo, spezzando le prospettive di un fronte unitario. L’Italia liberale ha fatto la sua scelta di campo con le irreversibili conseguenze. Coerenze del ‘moderatismo’. Peggio di tutti fanno però i comunisti del neonato <strong>PCd’I </strong>che, oltre ad interdire ogni collaborazione, imbastiscono una campagna di stampa calunniosa: gli Arditi vengono definiti <em>avventurieri</em> e <em>nittiani</em>, considerati pericolosi perché non controllabili dal partito e “insufficientemente rivoluzionari”.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>È deplorevole che in alcune province i comunisti si confondano ancora con i cosiddetti Arditi del Popolo. Ciò non deve continuare. È un errore politico e tecnico da cui deriveranno conseguenze morali e materiali deleterie!</em>” </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[Comunicato direttivo del 7 Agosto 1921]</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:13pt;">Nonostante la lucidità analitica di Antonio Gramsci che guarda che non estremo favore alle formazioni di autodifesa, il settarismo di <strong>Amedeo Bordiga</strong> non ammette alcuna deviazione eterodossa. Ma già dal 10 luglio del ’21, in merito ai gruppi di resistenza spontanea, il Comitato esecutivo aveva disposto perentoriamente: </span><span style="font-size:13pt;">“<em>Poiché intanto sorgono in diversi centri italiani iniziative di tal genere da parte di elementi non dipendenti dal Partito comunista, si avvertono tutti i compagni di restare in attesa di disposizioni&#8230; I comunisti non possono né devono partecipare ad iniziative di tal natura provenienti da altri partiti o comunque sorte al di fuori del loro partito&#8230; La parola d’ordine del Partito comunista ai suoi aderenti e ai suoi seguaci è questa: formazione delle squadre comuniste, dirette dal Partito comunista&#8230;</em>”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Simili direttive contribuirono non poco a confondere i militanti di partito che pure continuarono, almeno in parte, a sostenere le formazioni spontanee contrapponendosi all’inerzia dei propri dirigenti. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>Con l&#8217;eccezione del Lazio, del Veneto e della Federazione giovanile, per quanto riguarda i repubblicani, e del Parmense e di Bari, per sindacalisti rivoluzionari e legionari fiumani, le forze politiche della &#8220;sinistra interventista&#8221; si orientano quasi subito anch&#8217;esse verso soluzioni di autodifesa che escludono la confluenza o la collaborazione con gli Arditi del popolo. Anche queste formazioni preferiscono organizzare l&#8217;autodifesa a livello partitico, teorizzando, nella maggioranza dei casi, la perfetta equidistanza tra &#8220;antinazionali&#8221; (anarchici, socialisti e comunisti) e &#8220;reazionari&#8221; (fascisti, nazionalisti e liberal-conservatori). L’unica componente proletaria che sostiene apertamente l’arditismo popolare è quella libertaria. Un&#8217;area composita e numericamente consistente al cui interno vi sono anime tra loro assai diverse. In ogni caso, sia l’Unione sindacale italiana che l’Unione anarchica italiana sono, per tutto il biennio 1921-22, sostanzialmente favorevoli alla struttura paramilitare di autodifesa popolare. Dopo l&#8217;allineamento di Gramsci e de ‘L&#8217;Ordine nuovo’ alle direttive del partito, il quotidiano anarchico ‘Umanità Nova’ rimane infatti l’unica voce proletaria a perorare la causa degli Arditi del popolo.</em>” </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">[Fonte: romacivica.net/anpiroma]</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">A sostegno degli Arditi del Popolo, rimangono perciò l’Unione anarchica italiana così come il resto del movimento libertario, la sinistra repubblicana, l’Unione sindacale italiana e lo SFI, il sindacato dei ferrovieri</span></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">, nonché un elevato numero di proletari senza partito e sovversivi di ogni tendenza in disaccordo con i propri dirigenti. Eppure gli Arditi del Popolo combattono, resistono e vincono: a Sarzana, a Viterbo, a Parma che nell’agosto 1922 respinge l’assalto degli squadristi comandati da Italo Balbo. Proprio il futuro quadrumviro annoterà amaramente: “<em>Parma è rimasta impermeabile al fascismo</em>”. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">E forse gli Arditi del Popolo avrebbero davvero potuto fermare il fascismo, combattendolo attivamente sul suo stesso terreno, prevenendone le mosse, e disarticolandone la macchina militare. Almeno questa è la tesi di storici come <span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Tom Behan e Renzo del Carria.</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">LA RESISTENZA ROMANA </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">DEGLI ARDITI POPOLARI</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>Nonostante tale indebolimento del fronte antifascista e la repressione statale sempre più pesante nei confronti degli Arditi del Popolo, a Roma e nel Lazio (in particolare a Citavecchia e a Genoano) l’organizzazione fondata da Secondari registrò il maggiore radicamento e l’adesione più forti, tanto che per ben tre volte il fascismo dovette fare i conti con l’antifascismo popolare romano. </em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-491" title="bandiera-arditi-di-civitavecchia" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/bandiera-arditi-di-civitavecchia.jpg" alt="bandiera-arditi-di-civitavecchia" width="345" height="350" />La prima fu nel novembre del ’21, in occasione del 3° Congresso nazionale dei Fasci. Già alla fine del giugno precedente, gli Arditi del Popolo avevano costituito un primo battaglione di circa 400 aderenti, suddiviso in tre compagnie denominate Temeraria, Dannata e Folgore. In breve tempo furono costituiti 5 battaglioni nei quartieri Trionfale, Porta Pia &#8211; Salario, Testaccio &#8211; S.Saba &#8211; S.Paolo, Esquilino &#8211; S.Lorenzo, Trastevere, oltre a distaccamenti nei rioni di Ponte Milvio, Ponte, Parione e Borgo, collegati tra loro mediante squadre di ciclisti. Così quando il fascismo decise di compiere una prova di forza proprio nella Capitale, convocandovi il suo Congresso, dovette mobilitare circa 33 mila squadristi armati, anche provenienti in gran parte dalla Toscana e dall’Emilia Romagna, nonostante l’appoggio del governo Bonomi che non esitò a far intervenire le forze dell’ordine, dotate anche di autoblindo, ogni qualvolta i fascisti e le squadre nazionaliste dei </span></em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;">‘Sempre pronti’<em> si trovarono in difficoltà.</em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Il 7 novembre, con l’arrivo e le prime aggressioni fasciste, tra le quali l’assassinio del ferroviere Guglielmo Farsetti, veniva proclamato lo sciopero generale dalle due Camere del Lavoro, quella della Cgl e quella dell’Usi, mentre scattava la mobilitazione degli Arditi del Popolo, giunti anche dalla regione e da Terni, che resero inaccessibili i quartieri popolari. Per quattro giorni, dal 9 al 13 novembre, si susseguirono gli scontri in tutta la città. Per decine di volte gli Arditi del Popolo, assieme alle squadre comuniste e ai gruppi anarchici, respinsero sulle barricate gli attacchi fascisti diretti a S.Lorenzo, Trastevere, Trionfale, Testaccio, impedendo la distruzione delle sedi e dei giornali proletari. A S.Lorenzo la partecipazione popolare vedeva coinvolti sia i ragazzi impegnati a disselciare le strade per recuperare materiale da tirare dalle terrazze e dai tetti, che le donne del quartiere. A Valle Aurelia, zona dove vi erano le fornaci per la cottura dei laterizi, i fascisti ebbero la peggio negli scontri con i fornaciai in rivolta.</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Alla fine, dopo la ritirata degli squadristi da Roma protetti dalle forze dell’ordine, si contarono almeno 7 morti e 120 feriti. I fascisti, avendo contato solo un caduto tra le loro file (anche se qualche fonte riferisce di 4 o 5) cercarono di cantare vittoria, vantando i sei assassini compiuti ai danni di persone isolate e disarmate, ma in realtà avevano subito una sconfitta politico-militare senza precedenti, definita da più parti come una vera Caporetto, tanto che lo stesso Mussolini ritenne che una strategia basata solo sulla violenza non fosse più vincente. </span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">La seconda volta che Roma antifascista si rivoltò contro le camicie nere fu nel maggio del ’22, in coincidenza con la solenne traslazione della salma dell’eroe di guerra Enrico Toti al cimitero del Verano. Ripetutamente attaccati e fatti segno di sparatorie da parte delle Squadre comuniste e degli Arditi del Popolo asserragliati a S.Lorenzo, i fascisti furono costretti a rifugiarsi all’interno del Mausoleo di Augusto, finché furono tratti in salvo dalle autoblindo della polizia. Il bilancio della giornata del 24 maggio fu di 3 morti, una cinquantina di feriti e quasi 200 operai arrestati che furono liberati dopo 36 ore a seguito dello sciopero generale immediatamente proclamato dal Comitato di difesa proletaria.</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Nel contesto nazionale, dopo i risultati fallimentari dello sciopero generale “legalitario” contro le violenze fasciste iniziato il 1° agosto ’22, gli Arditi del Popolo come tutto l’antifascismo, risultavano ormai in grave difficoltà a fronteggiare una situazione caratterizzata da una sempre più stretta alleanza tra i fascisti e gli apparati repressivi e militari dello Stato che fornivano sistematicamente armi, mezzi ed ogni protezione possibile alle squadre di Mussolini. In tale, scoraggiante, quadro soltanto in alcune zone la resistenza proletaria riusciva a fermare l’ondata reazionaria, come avvenuto a Civitavecchia, Bari e Parma: città dove gli Arditi del Popolo erano ancora forti, organizzati e radicati nel rispettivi contesti sociali. Tra l’estate e l’autunno del ‘22, anche a Roma il numero e l’attività degli Arditi del Popolo risultavano ridotti e facenti capo soprattutto al battaglione di Trastevere; le assemblee erano ospitate presso la sezione socialista di via Santini nel quartiere, mentre gli aderenti erano ormai perlopiù anarchici e repubblicani, oltre a qualche socialista e comunista dissidente e la Lega Fornaciai, notoriamente vicina agli anarchici. </span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(&#8230;)<em> La Marcia su Roma e la formazione del primo governo Mussolini rappresentarono quindi anche l’epilogo per il primo antifascismo armato, almeno come fenomeno di massa, ma anche in tale circostanza dimostrò una sua persistente vitalità; nonostante che, a permettere e in alcuni casi anche a proteggere, la farsesca conquista di Roma da parte di 25-30 mila camicie nere fosse intervenuto l’esercito con 28.400 soldati che presidiarono la Capitale non certo con l’ordine fermare il fascismo. Come accaduto l’anno precedente, gli antifascisti si asserragliarono nei quartieri proletari, reagendo ai tentativi fascisti di penetrarvi e compiere rappresaglie.</em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">(&#8230;)<em> Uno scontro avvenne il 29 ottobre nei pressi di Borgo Pio, dove 15 camion di fascisti, dopo aver superato lo sbarramento di Castel Sant’Angelo, furono accolti e respinti dalla popolazione con lanci di tegole e rivoltellate. I carabinieri, intervenuti dopo che i fascisti si erano ritirati, eseguirono vari arresti tra gli operai scesi in strada. Scontri a fuoco anche a S.Lorenzo, tra gli antifascisti appostati dietro le barricate e alle finestre delle case contro due diverse colonne fasciste, provenienti una da Tivoli e una dal centro della città. Di fronte alla decisa resistenza armata popolare, interveniva la forza pubblica, anche con due autoblindo, mentre gli squadristi ricevevano l’ordine di ritirarsi. Altri scontri si accesero pure in via Trionfale, sulla Prenestina e sulla Nomentana, con morti fra entrambi gli schieramenti. </em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Diverse le cifre delle vittime nei giorni della Marcia su Roma: 22, secondo Il Popolo d’Italia; 17 in città e due nelle campagne per il Questore; 13 nel rapporto del generale Pugliese, comandante dei reparti dell’esercito: in ogni caso, molti di più di quelli registrati nei precedenti conflitti.</span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;"> </span></em><span style="font-size:13.5pt;">(&#8230;)<em> Iniziava quindi un ventennio di reazione, durante cui fu soppressa anche l’organizzazione degli Arditi del Popolo, ma non la volontà di tanti di loro che -dalla Spagna alla lotta partigiana- avrebbero continuato a combattere il fascismo. Così come testimonia, tra le tante, la vita dell’anarchico </em><strong>Aldo Eluisi</strong><em> conclusasi tragicamente alle <strong>Fosse Ardeatine il 24 marzo 1944</strong>: già combattente nei Reparti d’assalto era stato Ardito del Popolo a Roma ed aveva preso parte alla resistenza nelle <strong>brigate di Giustizia e Libertà</strong> guidate proprio dal repubblicano </em><strong>Vincenzo Baldazzi</strong><em>, già amico personale di Malatesta e dirigente nazionale degli Arditi del Popolo. Nel 1926 lo stesso “Cencio” Baldazzi aveva fornito la pistola che fu trovata in possesso di </em><strong>Gino Lucetti</strong><em>, anarchico ed ex-volontario dei Reparti d’assalto, in occasione del fallito attentato a Mussolini dell’11 settembre nella capitale. Quasi a suggerire che, nella ricerca storica sugli Arditi del Popolo, tutte le strade portano a Roma&#8230;</em>”<em></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#ffcc99;">[UNA STORIA ROMANA: GLI ARDITI DEL POPOLO intervento di Marco Rossi presentato alla "Due giorni contro i Fascismi", tenutasi a Roma il 4 e 5 maggio 2007]</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:16pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">ULTIME FIAMME</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-492" title="argo-secondari" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/argo-secondari.jpg" alt="argo-secondari" width="104" height="139" /> Il 22 ottobre 1922, <strong>Argo Secondari</strong> (Roma 1895 – Rieti 1942) venne aggredito da una squadraccia fascista, mentre camminava solo e disarmato. Il pestaggio gli procura una grave commozione cerebrale che lo invaliderà in modo permanente. Il fratello Epaminonda, medico cardiologo negli USA, tentò invano di farlo espatriare al fine di assicurargli cure migliori. Il permesso venne sempre negato ed Argo Secondari venne internato nel manicomio di Rieti fino alla sua morte, il 17 maggio del 1942.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size:13pt;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-493" title="antonio-cieri" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/antonio-cieri.jpg" alt="antonio-cieri" width="124" height="183" /> Antonio Cieri</span></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">, anarchico, ex ufficiale degli arditi assaltatori, eroico protagonista della difesa di Parma, per aver difeso il quartiere di <em>Oltretorrente</em> con un battaglione di 250 arditi e la popolazione tutta dall’assalto di 10.000 squadristi in armi (dal 2 al 5 agosto del ’21), fu perseguito dal governo Bonomi, “per attentato alla integrità dello Stato”. In seguito, si unì alle Brigate internazionali e morì in combattimento nella Guerra di Spagna (Huesca, 07 Aprile 1937).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size:13pt;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-494" title="gino-lucetti" src="http://liberthalia.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/gino-lucetti.jpg" alt="gino-lucetti" width="204" height="183" /> Gino Lucetti</span></strong><span style="font-size:13pt;">, ex Ardito Assaltatore, anarchico, nel 1926 attentò alla vita del Duce. Durante la Resistenza il suo nome fu dato ad un reparto partigiano: il battaglione Lucetti, che combattè con valore nell&#8217;alta Toscana. Gli arditi del popolo, come anche il battaglione Lucetti sono ricordati anche in alcune canzoni popolari toscane (<em>battaglion Lucetti&#8230;anarchici e nulla più&#8230;fedeli a Pietro Gori&#8230; Siam del popolo gli arditi&#8230;</em>)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">“<em>Ma la scomparsa degli Arditi del Popolo segnerà non la fine ma l&#8217;inizio della resistenza, saranno molti gli (ex) Arditi che andranno a combattere in Spagna come Giuseppe di Vittorio, Picelli, De Ambris, Teresa Noce, per citarne alcuni, e che in seguito combatteranno i nazifascisti nelle file della resistenza. Come già detto, quella degli Arditi del popolo resta, comunque, la prima organizzazione antifascista a livello nazionale, che saprà unire la necessità di autodifesa della classe proletaria e le rivendicazioni della classe lavoratrice. E rimane, soprattutto, una delle verità più scomode per quegli antifascisti che si ricordano di esserlo giusto il 25 aprile.</em>”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:black;">[</span>http://www.ewriters.it/leggi.asp?W=20919]</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#888888;">“&#8230;<em>E un’Italia diversa, non sporca di astuzie vergognose e codardia</em>”</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">[<em>Gli Arditi del Popolo</em> di A. Liparoto]</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:13pt;color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:13pt;color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">Bibliografia </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">AA.VV., <em>Dietro le barricate, Parma 1922</em>, testi immagini e documenti della mostra (30 aprile &#8211; 30 maggio 1983), edizione a cura del Comune e della Provincia di Parma e dell&#8217;Istituto storico della Resistenza per la Provincia di Parma </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">AA.VV., <em>Pro Memoria. La città, le barricate, il monumento</em>, scritti in occasione della posa el monumento alle barricate del 1922, edizione a cura del Comune di Parma, Parma, 1997 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">AA.VV, <em>La resistenza sconosciuta</em>, Zero in Condotta, Milano 2005.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Balsamini Luigi, “<em>Gli arditi del popolo. Dalla guerra alla difesa del popolo contro le violenze fasciste</em>”<em>,</em> Galzerano Ed. Salerno. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:#888888;">Behan Tom, <em>The Resistible Rise of Benito Mussolini</em> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Cacucci Pino, <em>Oltretorrente</em>, Feltrinelli, Milano, 2003 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Cordova Ferdinando, <em>Arditi e legionari dannunziani</em>, Marsilio, Padova 1969;</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">Del Carria Renzo, <em>Proletari senza rivoluzione</em>, Milano, Savelli, 1975.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Di Lembo Luigi, <em>Guerra di classe e lotta umana, l&#8217;anarchismo in Italia dal Biennio Rosso alla guerra di Spagna (191-1939), edizioni Biblioteca Franco Serantini, Pisa, 2001</em> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Francescangeli Eros, <em>Arditi del popolo</em>, Odradek, Rom, 2000 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Furlotti Gianni, <em>Parma libertaria</em>, edizioni Biblioteca Franco Serantini, Pisa, 2001 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="text-indent:-8.5pt;margin:0 0 0 8.5pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Rochat Giorgio, <em>Gli arditi della grande guerra</em>, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1981.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">Rossi Marco, “<em>Arditi, non gendarmi! Dall&#8217;arditismo di guerra agli Arditi del Popolo, 1917-1922<span style="font-style:normal;">”</span>, </em>edizioni Biblioteca Franco Serantini, Pisa, 1997 </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">Altre fonti </span></strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">(per una breve storia dell’arditismo):<strong></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><a href="http://arditodelpopolo.splinder.com/"><span style="color:#888888;">http://arditodelpopolo.splinder.com/</span></a><span style="color:#888888;"> </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ewriters.it/leggi.asp?W=20919"><span style="color:#888888;">http://www.ewriters.it/leggi.asp?W=20919</span></a></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><strong><span style="font-size:12.5pt;"><span style="color:#888888;">WIKIPEDIA</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"> </p>
<p> </p>
<p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[...and I quote]]></title>
<link>http://yo7kat.wordpress.com/2009/02/06/and-i-quote/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2009 18:45:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>yo!kat</dc:creator>
<guid>http://yo7kat.wordpress.com/2009/02/06/and-i-quote/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Revolutionary Haste Errico Malatesta on Umanita Nova It is our aspiration and our aim that every]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h1 style="text-align:center;">The Revolutionary Haste</h1>
<h2 style="text-align:center;">Errico Malatesta on Umanita Nova</h2>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It is our aspiration and our aim that everyone should become socially conscious and effective; but to achieve this end, it is necessary to provide all with the means of life and for development, and it is therefore necessary to destroy with violence, since one cannot do otherwise, the violence which denies these means to the workers. (Italy, 1921 <em>September)</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Quote of the Day - January 26, 2009]]></title>
<link>http://anarchyfiles.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/quote-of-the-day-january-26-2009/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2009 09:23:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Anarchy Library</dc:creator>
<guid>http://anarchyfiles.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/quote-of-the-day-january-26-2009/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[We anarchists do not want to emancipate the people; we want the people to emancipate themselves. - E]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://anarchyfiles.wordpress.com/files/2009/01/errico-malatesta.gif"><img class="alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-212" title="Errico Malatesta" src="http://anarchyfiles.wordpress.com/files/2009/01/errico-malatesta.gif?w=66&#038;h=95" alt="Errico Malatesta" width="66" height="95" /></a></p>
<blockquote><p>We anarchists do not want to emancipate the people; we want the people to emancipate themselves.<br />
- <a title="Errico Malatesta" href="../about/errico-malatesta/">Errico Malatesta</a></p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Vigilantes Protect Society, Not The Police ]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/vigilantes-protect-society-not-the-police/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2008 19:22:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rob</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/vigilantes-protect-society-not-the-police/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It doesn&#8217;t matter whether it&#8217;s in Brown&#8217;s Britain, Bush&#8217;s America, Mussolini]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[It doesn&#8217;t matter whether it&#8217;s in Brown&#8217;s Britain, Bush&#8217;s America, Mussolini]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[anarquistas progubernamentales]]></title>
<link>http://precursoranarquista.wordpress.com/2008/10/17/anarquistas-progubernamentales/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2008 21:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>precursoranarquista</dc:creator>
<guid>http://precursoranarquista.wordpress.com/2008/10/17/anarquistas-progubernamentales/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[anarquistas-progubernamentales]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://precursoranarquista.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/anarquistas-progubernamentales.doc">anarquistas-progubernamentales</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[entre campesinos]]></title>
<link>http://precursoranarquista.wordpress.com/2008/10/17/entre-campesinos/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2008 21:43:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>precursoranarquista</dc:creator>
<guid>http://precursoranarquista.wordpress.com/2008/10/17/entre-campesinos/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[entre-campesinos]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://precursoranarquista.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/entre-campesinos.pdf">entre-campesinos</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[αναρχισμός και επιστήμη]]></title>
<link>http://aixmi.wordpress.com/2008/10/14/%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b9%cf%83%ce%bc%cf%8c%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b5%cf%80%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b7/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 14 Oct 2008 09:42:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>aixmi</dc:creator>
<guid>http://aixmi.wordpress.com/2008/10/14/%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b9%cf%83%ce%bc%cf%8c%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b5%cf%80%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b7/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Του ERRICO MALATESTA Η επιστήμη, αν και όπλο για να κάνει κάποιος καλό ή κακό, αγνοεί την έννοια του]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Του ERRICO MALATESTA Η επιστήμη, αν και όπλο για να κάνει κάποιος καλό ή κακό, αγνοεί την έννοια του]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[The Anarchists in the Present Time]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/the-anarchists-in-the-present-time/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2008 19:31:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>steph</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/the-anarchists-in-the-present-time/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[by Errico Malatesta A section of our movement is eagerly discussing about the practical problems tha]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[by Errico Malatesta A section of our movement is eagerly discussing about the practical problems tha]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[L'Anarchia secondo Errico Malatesta]]></title>
<link>http://retroguardia2.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/lanarchia-secondo-errico-malatesta/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2008 10:34:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>francesco sasso</dc:creator>
<guid>http://retroguardia2.wordpress.com/2008/05/02/lanarchia-secondo-errico-malatesta/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Vorrei parlarvi di Errico Malatesta (Santa Maria Capua Vetere, 1853 &#8211; Roma, 1932). Egli è stat]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Vorrei parlarvi di Errico Malatesta (Santa Maria Capua Vetere, 1853 &#8211; Roma, 1932). Egli è stat]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Neither Democrats, nor Dictators: Anarchists]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/neither-democrats-nor-dictators-anarchists/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 19:58:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>steph</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/neither-democrats-nor-dictators-anarchists/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[By Errico Malatesta Theoretically ‘democracy’ means popular government; government by all for everyb]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[By Errico Malatesta Theoretically ‘democracy’ means popular government; government by all for everyb]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Democracy and Anarchy]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/democracy-and-anarchy/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 19:56:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>steph</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/democracy-and-anarchy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[By Errico Malatesta, The rampant dictatorial governments in Italy, Spain and Russia, which arouse su]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[By Errico Malatesta, The rampant dictatorial governments in Italy, Spain and Russia, which arouse su]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Anarchy]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/10/anarchy/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2008 17:06:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>steph</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/10/anarchy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[By Errico Malatesta Anarchy is a word that comes from the Greek, and signifies, strictly speaking, “]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[By Errico Malatesta Anarchy is a word that comes from the Greek, and signifies, strictly speaking, “]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Anarchism and Capitalism]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/anarchism-and-capitalism/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2008 15:49:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rob</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/anarchism-and-capitalism/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Errico Malatesta, in his 1891 pamphlet &#8220;Anarchy&#8221;, suggested that anarchism was misunders]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Errico Malatesta, in his 1891 pamphlet &#8220;Anarchy&#8221;, suggested that anarchism was misunders]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Anarchism and the State]]></title>
<link>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/anarchism-and-the-state/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:02:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>steph</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stephiblog.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/anarchism-and-the-state/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Anarchism is often maligned and misrepresented by those who fear it or don&#8217;t understand it. On]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Anarchism is often maligned and misrepresented by those who fear it or don&#8217;t understand it. On]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Ce e Anarhismul?]]></title>
<link>http://bataiosu.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/ce-e-anarhismul/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:30:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bătăiosu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bataiosu.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/ce-e-anarhismul/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Cuvântul anarhie, anarhism provine din grecescul αναρχία (care înseamnă „fară archon“ = fară stăpân)]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Cuvântul anarhie, anarhism provine din grecescul αναρχία (care înseamnă „fară archon“ = fară stăpân)]]></content:encoded>
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