Clean bomb!

[Jonathan Ward's] pcb mill is as impressive as it is inexpensive. Twenty-six plywood parts, labeled A-Z, are used to assemble the machine along with the customary precision rods, stepper motors, and router assembly. His bill of materials prices the unit at $458.18, a small price to pay in order to forgo a multi-step etching process.

His test board shows some fairly fine pitch that could turn out most home-project circuit boards. We’ve contacted [Jonathan] regarding the specifics of milling the plywood parts out of a 2 foot by 4 foot sheet of plywood. Watch for an update with any information he’s willing to share. We hope he’ll make the milling files for the plywood parts available so that you can build a copy of the device for your own use.

[Thanks Charles]

Para poder seguir esta guía, es necesario que tengas instalado y configurado tu servidor Ssh.

Para ejecutar aplicaciones gráficas a través de conexiones ssh,  hay que habilitar X11 Forwarding. Esta opción hay que habilitarla tanto en el Servidor como en el Cliente.

Además en el Servidor tenemos que instalar xorg-xauth:

pacman -S xorg-xauth

Una vez instalado modificamos el archivo sshd_config

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

añadiendo las siguientes líneas:

AllowTcpForwarding yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost yes

En el Cliente también tenemos que editar el archivo de configuración:

nano /etc/ssh/ssh_config

Y por último, para poder ejecutar aplicaciones x11 remotamente, debemos iniciar la sesión ssh con la siguiente orden:

ssh -X -p port user@server-address

Si recibes errores durante la ejecución de aplicaciones, prueba con esta otra orden:

ssh -Y -p port user@server-address

Ahora puedes ejecutar cualquier aplicación gráfica de forma remota gracias a SSH.

Introducción

En todos los discos duros, se reserva un espacio para el MBR (Master Boot Record) o Sector de Arranque. Esta es la estructura básica, sobre el espacio restante se hacen las particiones, y en ellas se puede o no instalar un SO (Sistema Operativo).

Cada SO tiene su gestor de arranque, así que cuando instalamos un SO, en el proceso de instalación se modifica el MBR del disco para que pueda arrancar el SO que hay instalado en la partición x.

En el caso de Windows, ese sector de arranque, solo permite arrancar Windows, sin embargo Linux, utiliza gestores de arranque que permiten arrancar otros SO’s instalados en el disco, gestores de arranque como LiLo o Grub.

Funcionamiento de Grub

Como grub es un cargador de arranque, veremos que pasa desde que encendemos el ordenador:

1. Primero la BIOS, enlaza a un dispositivo de arranque, como el HDD o CD-ROM, en el caso de HDD, se le pasa el control al MBR del Disco.
2. En el MBR se encuentra la Fase 1 del GRUB, ya que el MBR solo tiene 512 bytes de espacio. La fase 1 carga la siguiente fase del GRUB, que puede encontrarse en cualquier parte del disco duro.
3. De la fase 1 se puede pasar a la 1.5 o a la fase 2, de todos modos la 1.5 pasa a la 2, así que obviaremos detalles en esto.
4. La fase 2, que es la que contiene el menú, lo muestra, y una vez el usuario elige la opción, Grub carga el kernel elegido

De modo que Grub se instala en dos partes, primero en el MBR como ya hemos dicho, y después en el disco, bien en una partición /boot o bien en la partición / de la distribución linux principal.

En cualquier caso Grub, una vez instalado se encuentra en /boot , y ahí tiene su archivo de configuración, donde podemos configurar las opciones de arranque.

Como arranca Linux

Para arrancar un SO Linux los pasos son los siguientes:

1. Decirle a Grub la partición en la que se encuentra instalado el SO Linux
2. Iniciar el kernel

Un ejemplo de como cargar un SO Linux, sería el siguiente:

root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro

Como arranca Windows

Para arrancar un SO Windows seguimos estos pasos:

1. Decirle a Grub la partición en la que se encuentra instalado
2. Hacer la partición Activa
3. Llamara al cargador de arranque Windows

El ejemplo de como cargar un SO Windows, es este:

root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

menu.lst

El archivo de configuración para Grub es el menu.lst, que se encuentra en /boot/grub/.

En este archivo debemos de poner las entradas del menú de Grub, con sus opciones de arranque correspondiente, además de algunos valores generales.

Los Discos Duros se enumeran desde 0, y las particiones también se enumeran desde 0. Así por ejemplo para la primera partición del primer disco escribiríamos (hd0,0)

Ejemplo de /boot/grub/menu.lst:

# Configuration General
timeout   5
default   1
color light-blue/black light-cyan/blue

# Entradas del menú
# (0) Arch Linux
title  Arch Linux
root   (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda2 ro vga=773
initrd /boot/kernel26.img

# (1) Windows XP
title Windows XP
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

grub.cfg

El archivo de configuración para Grub2 es el grub.cfg, que se encuentra en /boot/grub/ .

En el archivo debemos de poner las entradas del menú de Grub2, con sus opciones de arranque correspondientes, además de algunos valores generales.

Los Discos Duros se enumeran desde 0, sin embargo lasparticiones se enumeran desde 1. Así por ejemplo para la primera partición del primer disco escribiríamos (hd0,1)

Ejemplo de /boot/grub/gurb.cfg:

# Configuration General
set timeout=5
set default=0

# (0) Arch Linux
menuentry "Arch Linux" {
set root=(hd0,2)
linux /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda2 ro
initrd /kernel26.img
}

# (1) Windows
menuentry "Windows" {
set root=(hd0,1)
chainloader +1
}

Solución a problemas básicos con Grub

Como restaurar Grub

A veces no es posible prescindir de Windows, bien por los juegos o por trabajo, pero no todo se puede hacer en Linux. Pero en Windows es necesario un formateo cada cierto tiempo. Al formatear Windows, el MBR se reescribe para este, perdiendo Grub en 99% de los casos.

La solución es reinstalar grub, para lo que tendremos que arrancar desde alguna distribución live:

• PartedMagic: Es una distribución Live, ideada para trabajar con particiones.
• GParted Live: Es otra distribución Live, ideada para trabajar con particiones.
• Arch Linux: Es el CD de Instalación de Arch Linux, pero arranca una consola desde la que podemos trabajar igual.
• Debian: Igual que Arch, es el CD de Instalación de Debian, arranca una consola desde la que podemos reinstalar grub.

Además prácticamente podemos reinstalar grub desde cualquier CD Linux. Veamos como reinstalar el Grub.

Ejecutamos el interprete de comandos de grub:

grub

Indicamos la localización de la partición donde se encuentra Grub:

root (hdX,Y)

Instalamos grub en el MBR del Disco.

setup (hdX)

Salimos y reiniciamos, ya está grub reinstalado.

quit

Grub no muestra el menú sino su consola

Este error puede darse tanto en Grub como en Grub 2. Suele darse cuando las ordenes escritas en el menu.lst o en el grub.cfg no son correctas. En particular cuando no hemos escrito correctamente el número de disco o partición.

En lugar del menú, aparece el mensaje de debajo.

GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)

[Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first
word, TAB list possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists
the possible completitions of a device/filename. ]

grub>

La respuesta es clara, primero pulsamos TAB, así vemos los posibles comandos a ejecutar. Entre ellos se encuentra cat, con lo que es fácil ver el archivo menu.lst o grub.cfg.

cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Con esto podemos ver las ordenes necesarias para el arranque,  que en el caso de Linux son root y kernel . En realidad este paso no es necesario si sabes lo que hay que poner. El cat es solo para orientarse/recordar comandos.

Una vez vistos basta con escribir los comandos y arrancar el SO Linux, y una vez hecho lo primero es modificar el archivo de configuración, para no volver a obtener este error.

Errores numerados

Además de estos hay otros errores numerados, aunque la solución a veces es parecida a estos dos anteriores, siempre viene bien saber el motivo del error.

Aquí la lista de errores.

El arranque de Grub se divide en dos etapas, Stage 1 y Stage 2 cada una de ellas tiene sus mensajes de error. Listaremos los errores en función de la etapa en la que aparecen:

Stage 1

En esta etapa tan solo se muestra el error y se detiene el sistema:

• Hard Disk Error: No se puede averiguar la geometría ni el tamaño del disco.
• Floppy Error: El error es el mismo que el anterior, pero se refiere a un Diskette.
• Read Error: Error de lectura al intentar pasar a la segunda etapa (stage 2).
• Geom Error: La ubicación en disco del Stage 2 no es accesible mediante llamadas BIOS. Este error suele deberse a modificaciones en la configuración del disco, ya sea modificar la tabla de particiones o cmabiar el disco de máquina.

Stage 2

1. Filename must be either an absolute filename or blocklist: El fichero solicitado por grub, no cumple la sintaxis exigida.
2. Bad file or directory type: El fichero solicitado por grub, no es un archivo regular sino un enlace simbólico, directorio o pipe (tubería).
3. Bad or corrupt data while decompressing file: Este error aparece cuando la descompresión devuelve un error. Suele tratarse de un fichero dañado.
4. Bad or incompatible header in compressed file: La cabecera de un fichero comprimido es incorrecta.
5. Partition table invalid or corrupt: Este error aparece cuando la verificación de la tabla de particiones falla. A este error hay que temerle.
6. Mismatched or corrupt version of stage1/stage2: Este error se debe a versiones incompatibles o dañadas de stage1 o stage2.
7. Loading below 1MB is not supported: Aparece cuando la dirección más baja de un núcleo está por debajo de la cota de 1MB. El formato zImage de Linux es un caso especial, se puede manejar ya que su dirección de carga es fija y tiene un tamaño máximo.
8. Kernel must be loaded before booting: Si le indicamos a grub que ejecute una secuencia de arranque sin haberle indicado un núcleo antes, aparece este error.
9. Unknown boot failure: Razones desconocidas.
10. Unsupported Multiboot features requested: A veces las características Multiboot requieren una característica que no se reconoce. El kernel requiere una gestión especial que Grub no tiene.
11. Unrecognized device string: Se espera un nombre de dispositivo y el texto encontrado no cumple las reglas de nombres de dispositivos.
12. Invalid device requested: El nombre de dispositivo es válido pero tiene un error en otro sitio.
13. Invalid or unsupported executable format: La imagen del núcleo no se reconoce como multiboot o alguno de los formatos reconocidos.
14. Filesystem compatibility error, cannot read whole file: Algún Sistema de Archivos de los que tiene que leer Grub, tiene una limitación en el tamaño de lectura. Se corrige eliminando dicho límite.
15. File not found: No se encuentra el archivo solicitado, pero la ruta es correcta.
16. Inconsistent filesystem structure: Error en la estructura del sistema de archivos. Suele deberse a un Sistema de Archivos dañado
17. Cannot mount selected partition: La partición existe, pero Grub no la reconoce.
18. Selected cylinder exceeds maximum supported by BIOS: La lectura intenta ir más allá del área direccionada por la BIOS. El error aparece cuando se intentan leer bloques lineales. Suele aparecer en discos IDE de gran tamaño.
19. Linux kernel must be loaded before initrd: El error se debe a que hemos puesto initrd antes que kernel.
20. Multiboot kernel must be loaded before modules: El error se debe a que hemos cargado módulos antes de cargar un núcleo Multiboot.
21. Selected disk does not exist: El disco refereido no está presente o no se reconoce por la BIOS.
22. No such partition: No existe la partición específica.
23. Error while parsing number: Grub espera leer un número y encuentra datos incorrectos.
24. Attempt to access block outside partition: La dirección lineal del bloque está fuera de la partición. Se debe a daños en el sistema de Archivos o a algún bug detectado por Grub.
25. Disk read error: Se ha producido un error de lectura en el disco.
26. Too many symbolic links: Demasiados enlaces simbólicos. El máximo son 5. Puede ser que los enlaces tengan un bucle.
27. Unrecognized command: Cuando introducimos un nombre de orden no reconocido por Grub. Puede tratarse de un error al escribir.
28. Selected item cannot fit into memory: Aparece cuando tratamos de cargar en memoria algo que no cabe.
29. Disk write error: Este error se produce cuando grub intenta escribir en disco. Esto solo puede ocurrir durante la instalación o con la orden makeactive.
30. Invalid argument: Algún argumento de alguna orden es incorrecto.
31. File is not sector aligned: Cuando se accede a una partición ReiserFS. Se debe montar la partición con la opción ‘notail’.
32. Must be authenticated: Se trata de acceder a un arranque protegido por contraseña. Hay que introducir una contraseña válida.
33. Serial device not configured: Se intenta cmabiar el terminal a uno serie, pero no se ha activado ningún dispositivo serie.
34. No spare sectors on the disk: Cuando no queda espacio libre. Si se intenta entrar en los sectores no usados tras el MBR, pero la partición primera empieza justo después del MBR.

Det som behövs, bortsätt utrustning för lödning och en låda

41001293 6.3 mm chassi mono x4
40300085 Lysdiod Orange 3 mm 3500mcd klar x1
41003266 Omkopplare on-on med skylt x1
40210001 Batterikontakt 9V 1 x1
40810347 Resistor 4,7 kohm 0.25W x1
40810322 Resistor 2,2 kohm 0.25W x1
40910272 Pot 500 kohm log PCB stereo x1
Köpt på http://www.electrokit.se/

sen byter man ut "DC jack" mot batteriert istället, allt annat är rätt självklart, hur man ska löda dom

Tomorrow, I should be able to run my final prints. Drypoint might just be my favorite printmaking method.

So, after the messy prototype that then broke, we decided to make it neater – a whole lot neater…

We set out to print our own circuit board using hacks that we found on the net. It all started with a circuit design that was translated from the prototype into a vector art app, which was then printed onto treated paper using a laser printer. We then transferred the print onto copper covered fiberglass and put it through an etching process that removes the negative areas of the design, leaving only the circuit tracks.  It was a lot of fun and took a few designs to get it right. Although very simple in design, the final circuit works very well. Check the sweet Lexhag Logo…

Har suttit idag och ritat alla kugghjul jag ska etsa ut för min Gjutning jag ska göra, och det blev en stor vector fil och png, tänkte visa och dela med mig till alla som behöver och har sätt att folk verkar vara på jakt efter just sån här bild.

For the english speaking persons, here is a png vector template of steampunk gears,cogs,Clocks

Download

[ e-ch ]

To crave something . design , letters.

USE :

John asked me to etch his name on his pen.

A lot of these took a lot of skill.

Source:
http://www.holytaco.com/25-amazing-etch-sketches

Var lång tid sen jag uppdetarade min blogg så jag tänkte uppdatera lite idag om att gjuta i mässing.

Jag har varit VÄLIDIGT upptagen på senaste på grund av skolan och att jag har varit sjukt, jag håller på att tentar av Engelska A och det har tagit mycket av min tid, och så har jag haft 3 veckor där det har varit många svåra prov och tränat massor på att få upp mina matimatiska förmågor, så jag ber om ursäkt ifall jag har missat något eller ifall jag har verkat otrevlig mot andra människor.

Men nu till ämnet istället.

Detta är step by step guide till min gjutnings projekt

1. Skisser och ler modeller för att komma fram till vad fungerar i praktiken
2. Införskaffa material , Mässing, Gjutsand, Gjutskål, Nåt som blir mellan 900-1000 grader varmt som kan smälta mässingen, Etsnings material, Lera, Verktyg
3. Rita och skriva ut skisserna och etsa ut dom på mässings plattor, så jag kan etsa ut figurerna och bygga en model av det jag ska gjuta, som jag sedan kan trycka ner i gjutsanden/leran för att få en avbildning så jag kan gjuta
4. Själva gjutande.
5. Göra om och göra rätt, jag tror att något kommer gå snett.

Lite snabbt förklarat, just nu så håller jag på att gör knapparna som jag ska gjuta, enså länge har jag bara ritat ut varje del i photoshop och justerat, ska skriva ut dom är nästa steg, sen efter det kan jag göra en ”transfere” till mässingen så att jag kan etsa ut dom efter det, och fila till dom, och limma fast dom på en knapp, som ska bli själva figuren som jag vill gjuta i sanden/leran.

Mitt etsnings projekt går bra, jag har lyckats över all förväntan, jag kan etsa Koppar/Mässing/Aluminium/Silver/Brons, i teori.

Än så länge har jag bara etsat koppar/mässing/brons, och det har gått felfritt, tack vare dom snälla lärarna på westerlundska specielt dom på El programmet och Estet så klart, och till min gamla lärare på Teknikprogrammet, och efter experiment med olika papper, så har jag hittat ett papper som är perfekt, som ger perfekta avbildningar på det jag har ritat

Musik

Jag håller even på att tillverkar en ny modulär synth, och tänker etsa fram kretskortet och själva front panelen, och beställa delar så fort jag får pengar till att beställa komponenterna. Denna maskin kommer bli en fantastisk ambience maskin, och vacker

Övrigt

Sen vill jag tacka min goda vän Hanna, som gav mig en Skisbok som var helt fantastisk, och gav den i helt rätt tillfälle, och förgyllde min närvaro när jag var lite nere och i alkoholens täta dimma.

Och här är bild på en häst och ritningarna

It’s being put about by their PR team that Kellogg’s are to individually laser etch each of their cornflakes with the company logo. Is it too much to suggest that this might not be absolutely true?

Kellogg’s conflakes laser etched

We’ve all become used to ever more sophisticated and cynical advertising from the food industry as companies have cottoned on to the fact that tinkering with loved brands or unexpectedly removing favourite chocolate bars from the shelves has a desirable viral marketing effect which they can respond to by ‘bringing back’ the product. I blame Coca-Cola. All this trickery means that we tend to view most of the releases and announcements that come from our PR friends with an even healthier dose of suspicion than even our former jaded paranoia.

So what to make of this jaunty little announcement from Kellogg’s yesterday? “Now you’ll always be able to tell your Corn Flakes from your corn fakes!”

The story is, apparently, that the company has new laser technology ready to toast the tiny logo onto a zillion little flakes a day: “We’ve established that it is possible to apply a logo or image onto food, now we need to see if there is a way of repeating it on large quantities of our cereal. We’re looking into it,” the company’s food technologist, Helen Lyons is reported as saying. When we phoned for confirmation we were told that she’s “on holiday at the moment”. Hmm.

Shortly before throwing her Blackberry to the wind and hotfooting it out of Kellogg’s HQ to pack her holiday suitcase, Ms Lyons told the Metro, Mail and Telegraph that “giving our golden flakes of corn an official stamp of approval could be the answer”. At last technology has made it possible to confound the makers of all those damned inferior flakes that would masquerade as Kellogg’s.

Presumably the technology isn’t that ready at all, given it hasn’t been used in the photograph above, which is, instead, ahem, digitally manipulated.

So what do we think ? is it an important development in food branding technology?

How about they try doing it with Rice Krispies 

Idag så har jag försökt att photoshopa ihop en logo för mig själv och lite annat shopande. här är lite exempel.

Och btw

• ICEHOUSE Fast Pitch 09: Starts 8th October. RSVP here
• Entrepreneurs Challenge

The 16 qualifiers have been announced. Finalists notified 12th October with the prizegiving later in November.

• Etch B2B Blind Date Event
• $Unlimited Investment Challenge: Finalists announced 12th October
• The Big Debate: NZ will get to the top half of the OECD by 2020 – 18th November
• Spark 100K Prizegiving – 22nd October

After six weeks of mentoring and business plan development, the winner of Spark’s 100K Challenge will be announced. RSVP here

• NZVCA Conference  – 4th November

NZ’s Annual Private Equity and Venture Capital Conference is being held at the Sky  City Convention Centre.

• Global Entrepreneurship Week 2009 – 16-22 November 2009.

____________________________

Graeme @ graemefielder.com

This summer when we visited Australia, we ate at a ton of amazing restaurants. With a couple of exceptions, you’ll want to call ahead to book a reservation at these spots. Here are a few highlights:

Melbourne

• Cumulus, Inc, 45 Flinders Lane

Cumulus, Inc is run by the same folks who own Cutler and Co.  We had our first and best meal in Melbourne here. They don’t take reservations and the wait wasn’t too long, which is nice when you’ve just gotten off of a 20 hour flight! They serve lunch and dinner and also have cafe tables to sip coffee.

Port Douglas

• Port Douglas District & Combined Clubs, Ashford Street, Port Douglas, Tel: 4099 5553

This town is great for scuba diving or snorkeling on the Reef. Unfortunately, most of the restaurants tend to be kind bland/overpriced resort food. However, we were lucky and a local steered us towards the Port Douglas District & Combined Clubs. Folks in town call it the “Tin Shed,” and it’s not clearly identified by a restaurant until you get inside. This spot is not fancy and doesn’t take reservations, but it has a huge deck looking over the harbor. They have a good bar and a terrific menu of fish and comfort food. We enjoyed ourselves so much we went back twice for dinner. The scene is a mix of locals and families visiting from other parts of Australia and the place can be loud, but it’s a blast.

Sydney

By far, our favorite places were in Sydney. We loved it there.

• Etch, 62 Bridge Street, Phone: + 61 2 9247 4777

You’ll definitely want to call and make a reservation for this one. The chef, Justin North, focuses on sustainable local foods. Everything we ate was amazing here. L* is still talking about the steak that she ate at Etch. It was an amazing meal and convenient to the Opera house if you wanted to make it into a nice evening.

• Spicy I am, 296-300 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Phone: 02 9332 2445

We didn’t have a reservation for dinner here, but we also arrived early. If it’s a weekend, you should definitely book ahead. This is probably the best Thai food I’ve ever had. We especially loved the prawn & kaffir lime leave fritters. They’re serious about the spiciness of their food, so make sure you tell the waiter what you can handle. It was delicious, but L* was literally shaking from the heat in the food. The cocktails are also delicious.

• Mamak, 15 Goulburn Street Haymarket, Phone: +612 9211 1668

This casual spot has a line wrapping around it every night. It’s  especially crazy on Friday nights during the Night Market in Chinatown. Everyone’s lined up for a good reason. The roti at this place is out of this world. It completely changed how I thought of Malaysian food. Our two favorites were probably the Roti telur bawang (made w/ egg and onions) and the Roti pisang (made with bananas).

Speaking of the Night Market in Chinatown, be sure to walk through it and get a few skewers or enjoy some fresh tofu. It’s near the aquarium, which is open late. The night we went to the aquarium they were playing Bach over the audio system, which made watching the fish, turtles, and sharks especially beautiful (there are also fewer people and hardly any kids, which was also nice).

John Mayne

It started out simply enough early in 2004. I saw the listing for a laminate brake standard on the Worsley Works web site and thinking it was a model of the 1958 brake composites, I bought the coach and a Deutz loco kit. I had been involved with the MRSI Loughrea group for many years and thought these models would give us a more accurate representation of the branch line in the “modern image era.” The only thing was that I was in the middle of planning a move to New Zealand!  So the Deutz and coach have never had a trip on the Loughrea layout. The Deutz is essentially a complete loco kit without wheels motor, detail castings and turnings, the coach basically consists of sides ends and underframe, the builder has to source roof, bogies, interior, detail casting and bogies. While the Worsley Works coaches are basically similar in design to Comet, the main issue is in forming a roof as most Irish stock is wider than the British; Comet and MJT extrusions are too narrow.  I model on 21mm gauge and while proprietary Commonwealth bogies might pass muster, I wanted the model to be as accurate as possible and bogies would require custom made side-frames. I was impressed with the detail of the coach and ordered an AEC railcar set, a Laminate second and a Park Royal coach: in for a penny,  in for a pound. Basically the idea was to commission any special components required such as bogies, roof extrusions or pressings and detail parts from UK manufacturers, to complete my own models and test the potential market.

Disappointingly, few of those I contacted responded or demonstrated a willingness to follow up on a serious enquiry for the design and  manufacture of components to compete the project. I had experimented with forming the roof profile variously from brass, plasticard and balsawood without much success, there is little practical guidance on scratch building coaches or metalwork in the contemporary model press. Commissioning an extrusion locally was prohibitive. Eventually I followed Allen Doherty’s suggestion of using a proprietary extrusion as a basis for cutting and filling to a wider profile. Bogies are based on MJT torsion bar compensation units which are easily adaptable to the wider gauge, and other details are a mixture of Comet and MJT components.

The Coaches:
Unlike the relatively rapid development of the BR Mk.1 stock, Inchicore like the GWR in the 1930’s, seemed to have difficulty in building two batches of coaches to the same design and went through several stages of development before the arrival of the Craven stock in 1963. Briefly the 1953-4 period  saw the introduction of a wide range of hauled stock based on a development of Bredin’s GSR flush sided timber framed designs, including open and compartment coaches, buffet, restaurant cars and mail vans. The earliest vehicles ran on GSR design bogies and traditional steel under-frames, later batches incorporated Bulleid triangulated under-frames and Commonwealth bogies. Even in the 1950’s such stock would have been expensive and labour intensive to produce and not readily adaptable to mass production, requiring a large highly skilled workforce to machine and assemble components. The Park Royals with their prefabricated components allowed volume construction using a semi-skilled workforce. Significantly though designed for suburban and main line use, only one design of body shell was produced.

1379 class Park Royal suburban coach

The laminates (aluminium, insulation, plywood panel) are best described as of modular construction with several body designs (based round a small number of components), again allowing rapid construction. There appear to have been at least four designs: a brake composite, 70 and 64 seat main line standards and a suburban coach. I recall laminate coaches being refurbished at Inchicore in the late 1970’s. Each coach was stripped down to roof, ends and under-frames, and re-skinned; either CIE still had a stock of body panels or the manufacturing capability existed. One theory was that it was originally planned to replace the bodies after 20 years, but this was no longer required following the introduction of monocoque design in the 1960’s. Inchicore appears have briefly reverted to timber frame body design for its final batch of twelve coaches (ten standards and two firsts) before the arrival of the Cravens in 1963. Significantly these coaches used the heavier BR pattern of Commonwealth bogie.

The brake standard appears to be based on the 1970’s conversion of laminate coaches to brake standards rather than the 1958 brake composite design. The brake standards of this era were converted from laminate suburban stock and 1953-4 composites. The Worsley Works kit is of a different pattern and appears to be based on a conversion of a main line laminate standard. Two laminate brakes are preserved one the DCDR at Downpatrick, another by the RPSI as a service vehicle in their Dublin excursion train rake. The laminate standard and the Park Royal appear are to be accurate representations.

1448 class laminate standard

The etchings make up in a similar manner to the Comet coach kits, with the body sides and ends designed to be removable from the chassis. There is a half etched representation of the joints between the body panels, a distinctive feature of the laminates. The chassis comprises a main floor etching, with fold down truss rods, with separate etchings for solebars and a lower body stiffener making up into a nice solid chassis.  The solebars on the laminates and Park Royal coaches do not run parallel with the sides, the coaches running on Bulleid’s triangulated under-frames.  I have left well enough alone, though solebars, say from brass angle, could be set up in a jig to capture this subtle and distinctive feature of CIE stock of the era. The sides are easy enough to curve using brass bars and a straight edge. The Park Royal sides are etched in three sections with over lapping tags but are a bit flimsy being half etched.

Laminate coach - first section of roof in position

I would rather use a formed sheet metal roof like the TMD Bredins, should a suitable one become available. I recently completed a C&L narrow gauge coach: forming the arched roof even with the down ward curving ends was simple enough, though forming a “modern” elliptical roof is a different matter and a subject seldom if ever covered in the main
stream model press. The etched brass assembly is soldered, and the aluminium roof extrusion glued in place using cyno reinforced with epoxy resin, with a strip of plasticard to reinforce the joint between the two sections of aluminium and support  the filler.

Laminate brake standard

In the end on Allen’s suggestion, I used a Comet BR Mk1 roof extrusion cut down the middle the gap filled with body filler. The roof detailing covers a multitude of sins and lifts the model. Comet torpedo ventilators and PC lining strip  gives the roof its distinctive and  jointed appearance.  I decided to include a fairly high level of detail with door hinges, knobs, handles, toilet filler and communication cord pipe-work. Next stage is pattern making and castings for bogie side-frames, dynamo and vacuum cylinders, heating and  vacuum pipes, couplers, finish painting, build layout, couple up to B141!

Laminate coach sides clamped while glue sets

Worsley Works underframe, MJT bogie compensation units, plasticard spacers for 21mm gauge, MJT LNER buffer shanks

Laminate coach with Comet seating units, plasticard floor and bulkheads

There is also a lot of useful information on building etched brass coaches like these on the Comet Kits website: http://www.cometmodels.co.uk/ Follow the links: Downloads  Building Coaches the Comet Way.

[Ed: for more details see the following paper on coaching stock built for or by CIE from 1945 to the arrival of the Cravens: Kennedy D (1965) Modern CIE Coaching Stock Journal of Irish Railway Record Society 7 (37): 14-61]

Jeremy Fletcher

Brass etch kits, or etching sets, provide a useful way to produce good quality models of non-mainstream or obscure prototypes which are not of interest to the larger commercial model manufacturers who need large production runs to cover the costs of specialised tools and dies.  They fill a gap between commercial models and scratch built models which many modellers may not want to attempt. Some people regard brass etchings as ‘hard’ as they usually involve soldering which is anathema.  Soldering is not really all that hard to do once you get started and gain some practice.   Basically it is just like using a liquid glue (Super Glue) which runs between the pieces to be joined.  The solder has to be melted to run by capillary action between the pieces and it sets when it cools off.  As for any glue, the pieces have to be clean and in the case of soldering the final cleaning of the metal surfaces is done by the flux.  The metal is first cleaned of dirt, oxides etc. using emery paper or filing. You could say the filing does ‘mechanical’ cleaning and the flux does ‘chemical’ cleaning. Oxides build up quickly on the hot soldering iron tip and need to be cleaned off regularly with a wire brush.  A potential source of complications occurs when soldering together long pieces.  Thermal expansion can cause warping or buckling.  It is best to ‘tack’ the pieces together in a few places; make sure they have not become buckled; and make corrections as required before going any further.  You may have to unsolder, let the part cool, clean off excess solder and try again.
 
There are various ‘suppliers’ of etching sets.  They generally supply few detail parts such as those mentioned below. Most modellers prefer to supply their own.  My own experience so far has mostly been with the Worsley Works coach etch sets and I can best comment on these.  These come as sets of etched frets and are really intended for use by scratch builders, providing hard-to-make parts such as panelled coach sides, fine grillwork etc.   Bogies, wheels, buffers, coach roofs etc. have to be arranged by the builder. Coach etching sets are generally provided with the walls, ends and floor but, typically no roof.   The floor may have fold down under-trusses and battery boxes etc. It is intended that the coach floor be made removable, held by screws, so that interior details and glazing can be put in after it is painted.  There are no instructions supplied with the sets and it is best to first study the various parts to visualise and decide on the procedures to follow and in what order.  The various sections should not be cut free from the etch frets until they are required for building up.  Care is needed when cutting them free to avoid unnecessarily bending and stretching.  The edges of the sections should be tidied up with a fine file so that they can fit up properly and cleaned where they are going to be soldered. 

The best way to build a coach ‘kit’ is to start with assembling the basic coach body ‘box’. The coach sides should first be curved if appropriate.   The ends can be used as templates for this.  The method of actually bending the sides is up to the discretion of the modeller. It can be done by bending around a suitable piece of pipe or such likes.  Care is needed to avoid stretching or wrinkling the thin etchings as it is difficult to straighten them again. The edges of the coach sides will normally overlap the ends at the corners.  To ensure that the corners can be put together square and also to make sure they are strong and rigid enough to withstand normal handling,  it is a good idea to put stiffeners inside the corners.  The stiffeners can be made from left over strip from the etch frets, bent into right angles.   They are soldered inside the coach ends, flush with the edges.  The coach sides can then be lined up against the stiffeners and first just soldered to these.  After any adjustments to get a proper fit,  the rest of the join can be soldered up.  The soldering is done from inside the coach to prevent ‘runs’ from spoiling the outside.  The coach body should be checked to be square before going further.

The coach body will typically be lacking in rigidity because of the soft flexible etchings and it will be necessary to add some reinforcing.   It is a good idea to solder in stiffener strips along the top edges of the sides.  These could be pieces of brass rod, or can provide a use for salvaged otherwise unwanted brass rail.  However, the coach sides may still be found flexible and it may be necessary to provide extra transverse stiffeners between the sides. A compartment coach will have interior partitions and these will help to reinforce a coach body.   Obviously it is necessary to avoid buckling when soldering on long stiffeners.

Making the roof for a coach is another story.   Normally no material is supplied by Worsley Works for making the coach roof.   It is very difficult to properly form a piece of sheet brass to the correct shape, particularly the more sharply curved edges without a special (i.e. expensive) bending jig. One could adapt a plastic roof from another coach, by (say) splitting it along the centre and widening it out or otherwise adapting to suit the etched coach body  It is possible to buy commercial wood lengths milled to various profiles and one these may be suitable or could be adapted to suit the particular coach.   Another way would be to make one’s own roof, either from solid plastic or built up from plastic sheet and strips or from balsa.  The roof when attached to the coach helps to make the assembly more rigid.

a fart as in a fine arts student.

this blog is about my life as a printmaker. today, i had printmaking class and a lot of good things happened.

the above is an image i made out of a ginseng wrapped around a piece of leaf that i cut from my mom’s plant. she doesn’t know about it yet, but now she will because my mom actually reads my blog. hi mom! anyway, that image is drawn on a stone, and after the stone has been etched you can roll ink over the stone and a water-grease-repelation thing happens and you can make lots of prints of my ginseng animal.

oh yes, the ginseng animal has a name. he is called rufus the super gin.

the below is michelle’s.

this is michelle after she squished her finger under her stone. (this photo is really out of focus. i really have to fix my focus +/- thing on my camera.)

as you can see, her finger is red and there’s skin peeling off of it.

i took a photo as karen was etching her stone. it is a nice photo of karen and her three beautiful bowls that she got for under three dollars.

and here is rufus, sitting happily with the other stones.

this concludes my FArt blog.

oh, one more thing. in this class, blood feuds do happen. there has been a blood feud that started in the beginning of the semester and has yet to be resolved. it is about lockers.

the above note reads: 

“Hello! This locker has not been assigned to you. Please check with Steve to see which locker belongs to you. Thanks!
Hello,
This locker was assigned to me by steve. Thanks! : )    
FIGHT TO THE DEATH!!!“ 

 

 

Segue vários mini tutoriais de como instalar o vmware-tools em hosts ESX quanto ESXi com máquinas Guests Debian 4.0 ( Etch ) e 5.0 ( Lenny ) e Ubuntu 8.04 LTS ( Hardy )

Instale as dependências necessárias

aptitude install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r) psmisc xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-video-vmware

No menu da máquina virtual clique em VM -> Install/Upgrade Vmware tools

Monte o CD virtual

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

Acesse o cd montado e copie o arquivo tar.gz para o diretório tmp na sua pasta /home. Não existindo este diretório crie-o.

cd /mnt && mkdir ~/tmp && cp VMwareTools-3.5.0-176894.tar.gz ~/tmp/ && cd ~/tmp

Descompacte o arquivo copiado

tar -xvf VMwareTools-3.5.0-176894.tar.gz

Desmonte o cd virtual

umount /mnt

Acesse o diretório vmware-tools-distrib

cd vmware-tools-distrib

Instale o vmware-tools. Pressione ENTER para todas as perguntas

./vmware-install.pl

These decals are not just pigments on paper. This is pigment coated with a binding agent. Not only does the binding agent hold the pigment together. The binding agent has special glue in it that helps the decal fit the form like skin. Totally cool!

Well, I learned by accident that I can turn the glue into frost. Looks like an etched surface.

Pretty wild!

Ofcourse, that is how it is with this borosilicate glass rainbow bead. (The soft glass I usually work with absorbs the pigment, and burns off the glue before I have a chance to grap it out of the kiln for its dance with the flame.)

This 2nd bead is clear borosilicate with some more soul gesture decals. (Decal images derived  from past pieces I have sculpted.)   I can burn off that glue, so that I do not get frost too!   The pigments want to be slightly raised, and matte on the borosilicate, with pixels within, creating some shimmer.The magnification of the borosilicate glass is such a mystery. Some of the imagery from the opposite side is larger only because you are looking at it through the glass.

The blues are holding up well with the boro.