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<title><![CDATA[Courage to Be]]></title>
<link>http://socialhistorytimelines.wordpress.com/2009/12/16/courage-to-be/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 17:44:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Maureen Flynn-Burhoe</dc:creator>
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<description><![CDATA[Paul Tillich (1886-1965) ???? BCE Kabbalah and Hassidism, based on an ancient Midrashic source (Bere]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Paul Tillich (1886-1965)</p>
<p><strong>???? BCE</strong> Kabbalah and Hassidism, based on an ancient Midrashic source (Bereishit Rabbah 14:9) describe five levels of the soul, the animating life or consciousness within man: Nefesh (&#8220;creature&#8221; &#8212; the lower soul) relates to behavior and action, Ruach (&#8220;spirit&#8221;) relates to the emotions, Neshamah (&#8220;inner soul&#8221;) relates to the mind and intelligence, Chayah (&#8220;living one&#8221;) relates to the bridge between the first flash of conscious insight and its super-conscious origin. Experiencing awareness of God as continually crating the world, Yecidah (&#8220;single one&#8221;) relates to the ultimate unity of the soul in God, as manifest by pure faith, absolute devotion and the continuous readiness to sacrifice one&#8217;s life for God. The Ba&#8217;al Shem Tov taught that everything exists in three dimensions: Worlds, Souls, and Divinity. &#8220;Worlds&#8221; is the lowest, the physical dimension; &#8220;Souls&#8221; is the middle, the spiritual dimension; &#8220;Divinity&#8221; is the highest, Godly dimension. This concept of soul is similar to Plato&#8217;s (380 BC) three parts of the soul: phylakes: rational (intellectual), thymos: spirited (courageous) and appetitive (sensual-desire).</p>
<p><strong>399</strong> BCE The classical Athenian philosopher Socrates was convicted of corrupting the youth and impiety <em>asebeia</em>: of ‘failing to acknowledging the city&#8217;s deities and introducing new deities. The jury composed of Athenian citizensdetermined his guilt and Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking a toxic hemlock drink.  Socrates’ students&#8217;  Plato and Xenophon wrote accounts of the trial.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Stoic courage is not an invention of the Stoic philosophers. They gave it classical expression in rational terms; but its roots go back to mythological stories, legends of heroic deeds, words of early wisdom, poetry and tragedy, and to centuries of philosophy preceding the rise of Stoicism. One event especially gave the Stoics&#8217; courage lasting power-the death of Socrates. That became for the whole ancient world both a fact and a symbol. It showed the human situation in the face of fate and death. It showed a courage which could affirm life because it could affirm life. And it brought a profound change in the traditional meaning of courage. In Socrates the heroic courage of the past was made rational and universal. A democratic idea of courage was created as against the aristocratic idea of it. Soldierly fortitude was transcended by the courage of wisdom. In this form it gave &#8220;philosophical consolation&#8221; to many people in all sections of the ancient world throughout a period of catastrophes and transformations (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>) .&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>380 B.C.</strong> Plato wrote <em><a title="380 B.C. Plato wrote Laches, or Courage. Trans. Jowett, Benjamin. " href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/laches.html" target="_blank">Laches</a></em>, or <em>Courage. </em>Trans. Jowett, Benjamin. In this <em>Dialogue</em>, Lysimachus, son of Aristides, Melesias, son of Thucydides, their sons, Nicias, Laches and  Socrates. The grandfathers Aristides and Thucydides were courageous in battle. However, their sons Lysimachus and Melesias who live together, are ashamed that they were brought up spoiled and protected and cannot share their own stories of courage with their sons Aristides and Thucydides because they have never seen battle. They seek out the advice of the elders Nicias, Laches and Socrates so they can teach courage to their sons. Using the Socratic method they come to the conclusion that they do not know what courage is. Socrates finally asks, &#8220;Then courage is not the science which is concerned with the fearful and hopeful, for they are future only; courage, like the other sciences, is concerned not only with good and evil of the future, but of the present and past, and of any time?&#8221; Unable to answer they decide that they should all seek out the best teacher so they could study the nature of courage alongside their sons regardless of the expense or even ridicule of their peers. Socrates ended the Dialogue by citing Homer, &#8220;Modesty is not good for a needy man. Let us, then, regardless of what may be said of us, make the education of the youths our own education.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>360 B.C.</strong> Plato wrote <em><a title="360 B.C. Plato wrote The Republic. Trans. Jowett, Benjamin. " href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.5.iv.html" target="_blank">The Republic</a></em><em>. </em>Trans. Jowett, Benjamin. There are three parts of the human soul: phylakes: rational (intellectual), thymos: spirited (courageous) and appetitive (sensual-desire) which correspond to the three part of an ideal state: 1) guardians or Philosopher-Kings, 2) soldiers or enforcers and 3) worker class of merchants and simple laborers. The enforcers ensure that the dictates of reason from the philosopher kings are obeyed by all. The enforcers require courage informed by spiritedness or thymos which is related to victory, anger, honour and excelling. Tillich (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">1952</a>) described the phylakes or Philosopher Kings as the &#8220;armed aristocracy, the representatives of what is noble and graceful. Out of them the bearers of wisdom arise, adding wisdom to courage.&#8221; Plato believed that though education each part of the ideal state or individual could refine the necessary virtues. For example soldiers could be educated through music and gymnastics to be spirited persons using persuasion not force to guide them to justice, to prevent dissension, tyranny, harshness, cowardice or enslavement to flattery. However, Plato also believed that these roles in society were transmitted through generations. Rulers&#8217; sons became rulers, soldiers&#8217; sons became soldiers and citizens&#8217; sons were simply citizens. Tillich argued that in spite of the central bridging position of the thymos-spiritedness-courage-will between the reason and desire, Platonic thought was dualistic. Tillich claimed that from Descartes to Kant western philosophers maintained that duality and eliminated the middle man, the center of the soul, the <em>thymoeides. <!--more--></em></p>
<p>Socrates and Adeimantus discuss courage: Citizens who are either courageous or cowardly will not make the city courageous or cowardly. The city is courageous to the extent that the city itself maintains clearly that which is to be feared and not to be feared according to the legislators. Courage is a kind of salvation. If the white ground dyers use is not prepared and dressed carefully, then the true sea-purple dye will not take in full perfection and will take on a washed-out look. If the ground is well prepared then whatever is dyed becomes a fast colour and will not fade with washing. Soldiers who are educated in music and gymnastic are being prepared so they will &#8220;take the dye of the laws in perfection, and the colour of their opinion about dangers and of every other opinion was to be indelibly fixed by their nurture and training, not to be washed away by such potent lyes as pleasure &#8211;mightier agent far in washing the soul than any soda or lye; or by sorrow, fear, and desire, the mightiest of all other solvents. And this sort of universal saving power of true opinion in conformity with law about real and false dangers I call and maintain to be courage.&#8221; A wild beast or a slave has uneducated unspirited courage which is excluded from this definition of courage.</p>
<p><strong>65 CE Nero</strong> ordered Seneca to commit suicide. In Tacitus&#8217; narrative Seneca&#8217;s only concern then becomes to have his death resemble that of Socrates. He reproaches his friends to remember that his soul is immortal that they should not express grief. Wise men show equanimity. &#8220;Where were those precepts of wisdom, where was the rational attitude against disaster, which they had mediated for so many years?&#8221; Seneca&#8217;s wife insists that she too will commit suicide (although she is rescued from death). Both Seneca and his wife slit their arms but their advanced age slows the flow of blood. Even after Seneca slit the veins of his knees and legs other means had to be used to end his life.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The description of Stoic courage by a man like Seneca shows the interdependence of the fear of death and the fear of life, as well as the interdependence of the courage to die and the courage to live. He points to those who &#8220;do not want to live and do not know how to die.&#8221; He speaks of a libido moriendi, the exact Latin term for Freud&#8217;s &#8221;death instinct.&#8221; He tells of people who feel life as meaningless and superfluous and who, as in the book of Ecclesiastes say: I cannot do anything new, I cannot see anything new! This, according to Seneca, is a consequence of the acceptance of the pleasure principle or, as he calls it, anticipating a recent American phrase, the &#8220;good-time&#8221; attitude, which he finds especially in the younger generation. As, in Freud, the death instinct is the negative side of the ever-unsatisfied drives of the libido, so, according to Seneca, the acceptance of the pleasure principle necessarily leads to disgust and despair about life. But Seneca knew (as Freud did) that the inability to affirm life does not imply the ability to affirm death. The anxiety of fate and death controls the lives even of those who have lost the will to live. This shows that the Stoic recommendation of suicide is not directed to those who are conquered by life but to those who have conquered life, are able both to live and to die, and can choose freely between them. Suicide as an escape, dictated by fear, contradicts the Stoic courage to be. The Stoic courage is, in the ontological as well as the moral sense, &#8220;courage to be.&#8221; It is based on the control of reason in man. But reason is not in either the old or the new Stoic what it is in contemporary terminology. Reason, in the Stoic sense, is not the power of &#8220;reasoning,&#8221; i.e. of arguing on the basis of experience and with the tools of ordinary or mathematical logic. Reason for the Stoics is the Logos, the meaningful structure of reality as a whole and of the human mind in particular. &#8220;If there is,&#8221; says Seneca, &#8220;no other attribute which belongs to man as man except reason, then reason will be his one good (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>) .&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>170-180 </strong>CE Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the &#8220;Five Good Emperors&#8221;, and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers. While on campaign between 170 and 180, Aurelius wrote his <em>Meditations</em> in Greek as a source for his own guidance and self-improvement. He had been a priest at the sacrificial altars of Roman service and was an eager patriot. He had a logical mind and his notes were representative of Stoic philosophy and spirituality. Meditations is still revered as a literary monument to a government of service and duty. The book has been a favourite of Frederick the Great, John Stuart Mill, Matthew Arnold, Goethe and Wen Jiabao. His stoic ideas often involve avoiding indulgence in emotion, a skill which, he says, will free a man from the pains and pleasures of the material world. He claims that the only way a man can be harmed by others is to allow his reaction to overpower him. An order or <em>logos</em> permeates existence. Rationality and clear-mindedness allow one to live in harmony with the logos. This allows one to rise above faulty perceptions of &#8220;good&#8221; and &#8220;bad.&#8221; wiki</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Stoic courage is not an invention of the Stoic philosophers. They gave it classical expression in rational terms; but its roots go back to mythological stories, legends of heroic deeds, words of early wisdom, poetry and tragedy, and to centuries of philosophy preceding the rise of Stoicism. One event especially gave the Stoics&#8217; courage lasting power-the death of Socrates. That became for the whole ancient world both a fact and a symbol. It showed the human situation in the face of fate and death. It showed a courage which could affirm life because it could affirm life. And it brought a profound change in the traditional meaning of courage. In Socrates the heroic courage of the past was made rational and universal. A democratic idea of courage was created as against the aristocratic idea of it. Soldierly fortitude was transcended by the courage of wisdom. In this form it gave &#8220;philosophical consolation&#8221; to many people in all sections of the ancient world throughout a period of catastrophes and transformations (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>) .&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>c 85 to 105 AD. </strong>&#8220;Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father (Matthew 10:29).&#8221; This citation is used to argue for the Calvinist concept of predestination, whereby God controls every minute action and individuals have no power over their own fate. They must put all their trust and faith in God. Tillich refers to this as a belief in the God upstairs which he argued needs to be conceptualized as the God above God. Shakespeare refers to this citation in Hamlet (1599-1602).</p>
<p><strong>1126 – 1198</strong> Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ابن رشد‎) Averroes (1126 – 1198) renowned Muslim scholar who founded a school of philosophy known as Averroism. He has been described by some as the founding father of secular thought in Western Europe (Fakhry 2001) and &#8220;one of the spiritual fathers of Europe (De Libera 1991:121).&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>c. 1256</strong> Sa&#8217;di (1184-1292) wrote <em>The Gulistan</em> or Flower-Garden.</p>
<div><strong>1225-1274</strong> &#8220;Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) lived at a critical juncture of western culture when the arrival of the Aristotelian corpus in Latin translation reopened the question of the relation between faith and reason, calling into question the modus vivendi that had obtained for centuries. This crisis flared up just as universities were being founded. Thomas, after early studies at Montecassino, moved on to the University of Naples, where he met members of the new Dominican Order. It was at Naples too that Thomas had his first extended contact with the new learning. When he joined the Dominican Order he went north to study with Albertus Magnus, author of a paraphrase of the Aristotelian corpus. Thomas completed his studies at the University of Paris, which had been formed out of the monastic schools on the Left Bank and the cathedral school at Notre Dame. In two stints as a regent master Thomas defended the mendicant orders and, of greater historical importance, countered both the Averroistic interpretations of Aristotle and the Franciscan tendency to reject Greek philosophy. The result was a new <em>modus vivendi</em> between faith and philosophy which survived until the rise of the new physics. The Catholic Church has over the centuries regularly and consistently reaffirmed the central importance of Thomas&#8217;s work for understanding its teachings concerning the Christian revelation, and his close textual commentaries on Aristotle represent a cultural resource which is now receiving increased recognition (<a title="McInerny, Ralph; O'Callaghan, John. 1999-2009. &#34;Thomas Aquinas.&#34; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy." href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aquinas/" target="_blank">McInerny and O&#8217;Callaghan 1999-2009)</a>.&#8221;</div>
<p><strong>1505</strong> German theologian and Augustinian monk Martin Luther (1483-1546), leader of the Reformation became an Augustinian monk in his early twenties only to reject the corruption of the Catholic Church in 1517. Throughout his years in the monastery he struggled with doubt, uncertainty and sought enlightenment including five years of study in humanism and the Bible in its original Hebrew and Greek.</p>
<p><strong>1517</strong> German theologian and Augustinian monk Martin Luther (1483-1546), leader of the Reformation, posted his 95 Theses in which he asked his superiors to put an end the the profitable sale of indulgences to the door of the Wittenberg church.</p>
<p><strong>1521</strong> The Pope excommunicated Martin Luther (1483-1546) from the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther (1483-1546) was in danger of being murdered for his radical stance. While in exile for his own safety in Wartburg Castle in Eisenach, hiding under the name, Junker Jörg (Knight George), Luther suffered extreme doubts that bordered on paranoia.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;It has rightly been said that Albrecht Dürer&#8217;s (1471-1528) engraving, &#8220;<a title="Duerer - Ritter, Tod und Teufel (Der Reuther) Creative Commons wiki" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Duerer_-_Ritter,_Tod_und_Teufel_(Der_Reuther).jpg">Knight, Death, and the Devil</a> (1519),&#8221; is a classic expression of the spirit of the Lutheran Reformation and it might be added of Luther&#8217;s courage of confidence, of his form of the courage to be. A knight in full armor is riding through a valley, accompanied by the figure of death on one side, the devil on the other. Fearlessly, concentrated, confident he looks ahead. He is alone but he is not lonely. In his solitude he participates in the power which gives him the courage to affirm himself in spite of the presence of the negativities of existence. His courage is certainly not the courage to be as a part. The Reformation broke away from the semicollectivism of the Middle Ages. Luther&#8217;s courage of confidence is personal confidence, derived from a person-to-person encounter with God . . . (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:162)</p>
<p>&#8220;The acceptance by God, his forgiving or justifying act, is the only and ultimate source of a courage to be which is able to take the anxiety of guilt and condemnation into itself. For the ultimate power of self-affirmation can only be the power of being-itself . Everything less than this, one&#8217;s own or anybody else&#8217;s finite power of being, cannot overcome the radical, infinite threat of nonbeing which is experienced in the despair of self-condemnation. This is why the courage of confidence, as it is expressed in a man like Luther, emphasizes unceasingly exclusive trust in God and rejects any other foundation for his courage to be, not only as insufficient but as driving him into more guilt and deeper anxiety. The immense liberation brought to the people of the idth century by the message of the Reformers and the creation of their indomitable courage to accept acceptance was due to the sola fide doctrine, namely to the message that the courage of confidence is conditioned not by anything finite but solely by that which is unconditional itself and which we experience as unconditional in a person-to-person encounter. As the symbolic figures of death and the devil show, the anxiety of this period was not restricted to the anxiety of guilt. It was also an anxiety of death and fate. The astrological ideas of the later ancient world had been revived by the Renaissance and had influenced even those humanists who joined the Reformation. We have already referred to the Neo-Stoic courage, expressed in some Renaissance pictures, where man directs the vessel of his life although it is driven by the winds of fate. Luther faced the anxiety of fate on another level. He experienced the connection between the anxiety of guilt and the anxiety of fate. It is the uneasy conscience which produces innumerable irrational fears in daily life. The rustling of a dry leaf horrifies him who is plagued by guilt. Therefore conquest of the anxiety of guilt is also conquest of the anxiety of fate. The courage of confidence takes the anxiety of fate as well as the anxiety of guilt into itself. It says &#8220;in spite of&#8221; to both of them. This is the genuine meaning of the doctrine of providence. Providence is not a theory about some activities of God; it is the religious symbol of the courage of confidence with respect to fate and death. For the courage of confidence says &#8220;in spite of&#8221; even to death. Like Paul, Luther was well aware of the connection of the anxiety of guilt with the anxiety of death. In Stoicism and Neo-Stoicism the essential self is not threatened by death, because it belongs to being-itself and transcends nonbeing. Socrates, who in the power of his essential self conquered the anxiety of death, has become the symbol for the courage to take death upon oneself. This is the true meaning of Plato&#8217;s so-called doctrine of immortality of the soul. In discussing this doctrine we should neglect the arguments for immortality, even those in Plato&#8217;s Phaedon, and concentrate on the image of the dying Socrates. All the arguments, skeptically treated by Plato himself, are attempts to interpret the courage of Socrates, the courage to take one&#8217;s death into one&#8217;s self -affirmation. Socrates is certain that the self which the executioners will destroy is not the self which affirms itself in his courage to be. He does not say much about the relation of the two selves, and he could not because they are not numerically two, but one in two aspects. But he makes it clear that the courage to die is the test of the courage to be. A self-affirmation which omits taking the affirmation of one&#8217;s death into itself tries to escape the test of courage, the facing of nonbeing in the most radical way (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:167-9).&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Luther had experiences which he describes as attacks of utter despair (<em>Anfechtung</em>), as the frightful threat of a complete meaninglessness. He felt these moments as satanic attacks in which everything was menaced: his Christian faith, the confidence in his work, the Reformation, the forgiveness of sins. Everything broke down in the extreme moments of this despair, nothing was left of the courage to be. Luther in these moments, and in the descriptions he gives of them, anticipated the descriptions of them by modern Existentialism. But for him this was not the last word. The last word was the first commandment, the statement that God is God, It reminded him of the unconditional element in human experience of which one can be aware even in the abyss of meaninglessness. And this awareness saved him (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:169).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1536</strong> Influential French theologian, and pastor during the Protestant Reformation, John Calvin (1509 – 1564) published his seminal work <em>Institutes of the Christian Religion</em> after leaving the Roman Catholic Church c. 1530.</p>
<blockquote><p>Erich Fromm in &#8220;<a href="http://www.erich-fromm.de/biophil/en/images/stories/pdf-Dateien/1939b-e.pdf" target="_blank">Selfishness and Self-Love</a>&#8221; (1939) rejected Calvin&#8217;s harsh recommendation of self-hatred, &#8220;We are not our own therefore neither our reason nor our will should predominate in our deliberations and actions. We are not our own; therefore, let us not propose it as our end, to seek what may be expedient for us according to the flesh. We are not our own; therefore, let us, as far as possible, forget ourselves and all things that are ours. On the contrary, we are God&#8217;s; to him, therefore, let us live and die. For, as it is the most devastating pestilence which ruins people if they obey themselves, it is the only haven of salvation not to know or to want anything by oneself but to be guided by God who walks before us . . .  Man should not only have the conviction of his absolute nothingness. He should do everything to humiliate himself. For I do not call it humility, if you suppose that we have anything left&#8230; we cannot think of ourselves as we ought to think without utterly despising everything that may be supposed an excellence in us. This humility is unfeigned submission of a mind overwhelmed with a weighty sense of its own misery and poverty; for such is the uniform description of it in the word of God (<a href="http://www.erich-fromm.de/biophil/en/images/stories/pdf-Dateien/1939b-e.pdf" target="_blank">Calvin 1536 cited in Fromm 1939</a>).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>158o</strong> Michel de Montaigne&#8217;s collection of 105 essays were published in one manuscript entitled <em>Essais</em>, inventing the literary form of essay, a short subjective treatment of a given topic. His pessimistic writing filled with skepticism and disgust with the Catholic-Protestant vicious rivalries were uncharacteristic of Renaissance literature.</p>
<p><strong>1599-1601</strong> William Shakespeare wrote the play &#8220;The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark&#8221; which is one of the most powerful and influential plays in the English language. Shakespeare chose as its setting, the Protestant modern nation of Denmark while Ophelia&#8217;s funeral was medieval and Catholic. Shakespeare mentioned Wittenberg cathedral the setting of Luther&#8217;s protest that provoked the Reformation. Shakespeare appears to be speaking the concept of predestination, wherein God controls every minute event, when his character Hamlet responds to Horation suggestion of reading the future, saying, &#8220;Not a whit, we defy augury. There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, &#8217;tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come—the readiness is all. Since no man, of aught he leaves, knows what is&#8217;t to leave betimes, let be (Hamlet Act 5, scene 2, 217–224).&#8221;</p>
<blockquote><p>In the section entitled &#8220;Being, Nonbeing, and Anxiety&#8221; Tillich claimed, <span style="font-family:Consolas, Monaco, 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;line-height:18px;font-size:12px;white-space:pre;"><span style="font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;line-height:19px;white-space:normal;font-size:13px;">&#8220;The late Middle Ages was not a period of doubt; and the anxiety of emptiness and loss of meaning appeared only twice, both remarkable occasions, however, and important for the future. One was the Renaissance, when theoretical skepticism was renewed and the question of meaning haunted some of the most sensitive minds. In Michelangelo&#8217;s prophets and sibyls and in Shakespeare&#8217;s Hamlet there are indications of a potential anxiety of meaninglessness (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:60).&#8221; </span></span></p></blockquote>
<div><strong>1673 </strong>Benedict de Spinoza (1632 &#8211; 1677)&#8217;s <em><a title="1673 Benedict de Spinoza (1632 - 1677)'s The Ethics was circulated. It was posthumously published in 1677. " href="http://users.erols.com/nbeach/spinoza.html" target="_blank">Ethics</a></em> was circulated. It was posthumously published in 1677.</div>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Modern humanism is identical with ancient Stoicism that it may be called Neo-Stoicism. Spinoza is its representative. In him as in nobody else the ontology of courage is elaborated. In calling his main ontological work <em><a title="1673 Benedict de Spinoza (1632 - 1677)'s The Ethics was circulated. It was posthumously published in 1677. " href="http://users.erols.com/nbeach/spinoza.html" target="_blank">Ethics</a></em> he indicated in the title itself his intention to show the ontological foundation of man&#8217;s ethical existence, including man&#8217;s courage to be. But for Spinoza as for the Stoics the courage to be is not one thing beside others. It is an expression of the essential act of everything that participates in being, namely self-affirmation. The doctrine of self-affirmation is a central element in Spinoza&#8217;s thought. Its decisive character is manifest in a proposition like this: &#8220;The endeavour, wherewith everything endeavours to persist in its own being, is nothing else but the actual essence of the thing in question&#8221; (<em><a title="1673 Benedict de Spinoza (1632 - 1677)'s The Ethics was circulated. It was posthumously published in 1677. " href="http://users.erols.com/nbeach/spinoza.html" target="_blank">Ethics</a></em> iii. prop. 7). The * Latin word for endeavor is <em>conatus</em>, the striving toward something. This striving is not a contingent aspect of a thing, nor is it an element in its being along with other elements; it is its <em>essentia actualis <span style="font-style:normal;">conatus makes a thing what it is, so that if it disappears the thing itself disappears (Ethics ii, Def . 2 ) . Striving toward self-preservation or toward self-affirmation makes a thing be what it is. Spinoza calls this striving which is the essence of a thing also its power, and he says of the mind that it affirms or posits (affirmat sive ponit) its own power (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>) .&#8221;</span></em></p>
<p>Tillich concludes, Spinoza asks, &#8220;Why is it that the way of salvation (salus) which he has shown is being neglected by almost everyone? Because it is difficult and therefore rare, like everything sublime, he answers in the melancholy last sentence of his book. This was also the answer of the Stoics, but it is an answer not of salvation but of resignation (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1646-1716</strong> The German rationalist philosopher, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), is one of the great renaissance men of Western thought.  Leibniz eliminates the polarity of power and exertion, being in <em>potentia</em> and being in <em>actu</em>.  Terms like dynamis, potentia (Leibnitz) as characterizations of the true nature of being prepare the way for Nietzsche&#8217;s &#8221;will to power.&#8221;</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;In later writings such as the <em>Monadology</em>, Leibniz describes this using the Aristotelian/Medieval idea of entelechy: the becoming actual or achievement of a potential. This word is derived from the idea of perfections. What becomes actual strives to finish or perfect the potential, to realize the complete concept, to unfold itself perfectly as what it is in its entirety. This active power is the essence of the monad. Leibniz has several different names for this property (or closely related properties) of monads: entelechy, active power, conatus or nisus (effort/striving, or urge/desire), primary force, internal principle of change, and even light (in “On the Principle of Indiscernibles”). This activity is not just a property of human souls, but of all types of monads. This inner activity must mean not only being the source of action, but also being affected (passivity), and of resisting (inertia). Again, what one calls “passivity” is just a more complex and subtle form of activity. Both a monad’s activity and resistance, of course, follow from its complete concept, and are expressed in phenomena as causes and as effects. Change in a monad is the intelligible, constantly, and continuously (recalling here the principle of continuity discussed above) unfolding being of a thing, from itself, to itself. “Intelligible” here means: (i) according to sufficient reason, not random or chaotic; and (ii) acting as if designed or purposed, as if alive–hence Leibniz’s contribution to the philosophical tradition of “vitalism” (<a title="Burnham, Douglas. 2005. &#34;Leibniz: Metaphysics.&#34; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. " href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/leib-met/" target="_blank">Burnham 2005)</a>.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1809</strong> Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) one of the three most influential thinkers in the tradition of ‘German Idealism’ (along with J.G. Fichte and G.W.F. Hegel) led the Existentialist attack against Hegel.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The revolt against Hegel&#8217;s Essentialist philosophy was accomplished with the help of Existentialist elements present, though subdued, in Hegel himself. The first to lead the Existentialist attack was Hegel&#8217;s former friend Schelling, on whom Hegel had been dependent in earlier years. In his old age Schelling presented his so-called &#8220;Positive Philosophic,&#8221; most of the concepts of which were used by the revolutionary Existentialists of the 19th century. He called Essentialism &#8220;negative philosophy&#8221; because it abstracts from real existence, and he called Positive Philosophic the thought of the individual who experiences and thinks, and decides within his historical situation. He was the first to use the term &#8220;existence&#8221; in contradicting philosophical Essentialism. Although his philosophy was rejected because of the Christian myth which he reinterpreted philosophically in Existentialist terms, he influenced many people, notably Soren Kierkegaard (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:13).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1830</strong> Auguste Comte&#8217;s Course of Positive Philosophy</p>
<p><strong>1843</strong> Lord Gifford heard a series of lectures by American lecturer, author, essayist, poet, and popular philosopher, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82) in Edinburgh. Emerson who began his career as a Unitarian minister in Boston, achieved worldwide fame as a lecturer and the author. Drawing on English and German Romanticism, Neoplatonism, Kantianism, and Hinduism, Emerson developed a metaphysics of process, an epistemology of moods, and an “existentialist” ethics of self-improvement. He influenced generations of Americans, from his friend Henry David Thoreau to John Dewey, and in Europe, Friedrich Nietzsche, who takes up such Emersonian themes as power, fate, the uses of poetry and history, and the critique of Christianity (<a title="Goodman, Russell. 2002 [2009]. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (Goodman 2002 [2009])" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emerson/" target="_blank">Goodman 2002 [2009]</a>).&#8221;</p>
<p>Folksonomy: Edinburgh, Emersonian, power, fate, poetry, critique of Christianity, Gifford, Nietzsche, Self-Reliance, History, The Over-Soul, Fate, English Romanticism, German Romanticism, Neoplatonism, Kantianism, Hinduism, substance, Hindu incarnation, St. Bernard, metaphysics of process, epistemology of moods, existentialist, existentialism, self-improvement, ethics, Thoreau, Dewey, transcendentalism,</p>
<p><strong>1844</strong> In May 1844, while living in Windsor, in England, American theologian and Swedenborgian, Henry James Sr. (1811-1882), father of the philosopher William James, novelist Henry James, and diarist Alice James, was sitting alone one evening at the family dinner table after the meal, gazing at the fire, when he had the defining spiritual experience of his life, which he would come to interpret as a Swedenborgian &#8220;vastation,&#8221; a stage in the process of spiritual regeneration. This experience was an apprehension of, in his own words, &#8220;a perfectly insane and abject terror, without ostensible cause, and only to be accounted for, to my perplexed imagination, by some damned shape squatting invisible to me within the precincts of the room, and raying out from his fetid personality influences fatal to life.&#8221; James&#8217;s &#8220;vastation&#8221; initiated a spiritual crisis that lasted two years, and was finally resolved through the thorough exploration of the work of Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), the Swedish scientist, religious visionary and teacher, and mystic. James became convinced that, as he put it, &#8220;the curse of mankind, that which keeps our manhood so little and so depraved, is its sense of selfhood, and the absurd abominable opinionativeness it engenders.&#8221; He remained attached to Swedenborg&#8217;s thought for the rest of life, and never traveled without carrying Swedenborg&#8217;s works with him. James returned to the United States in 1845 and began a lifetime of lecturing about his spiritual discoveries. He devoted his mornings to writing, and published a number of discursive, rather repetitive volumes devoted to the exposition of his thought. (See the list of his major writings below.) wiki</p>
<p><strong>1858-1864</strong> The internationally-recognised Schulpforta accepted the fourteen-year-old Nietzsche because Nietzsche was talented in both music and language. Nietzsche&#8217;s father, a Lutheran minister, died of brain injury when Nietzsche was only five. At the Schulpforta Nietzsche was introduced to literature including ancient Greek and Roman.</p>
<p><strong>1865-66</strong> Twenty-one-year old Nietzsche was first introduced to the works of Arthur Schopenhauer which would greatly influence his own writing. The next year he read Friedrich Albert Lange&#8217;s History of Materialism. &#8220;Lange&#8217;s descriptions of Kant&#8217;s anti-materialistic philosophy, the rise of European Materialism, Europe&#8217;s increased concern with science, Darwin&#8217;s theory, and the general rebellion against tradition and authority greatly intrigued Nietzsche. The cultural environment encouraged him to expand his horizons beyond philology and to continue his study of philosophy.&#8221; wiki</p>
<p><strong>1867</strong> Twenty-three-year-old had to leave the Prussian army because of a bad riding accident so he returned to his studies.</p>
<p><strong>1868</strong> Nietzsche met Richard Wagner.</p>
<p><strong>1868</strong> Twenty-four-year old Nietzsche was given a tenured track position as professor of classical philology at the University of Basel. Nietzsche renounced his Prussian citizenship and remained stateless for the rest of his life.</p>
<p><strong>1869-1872 </strong>The founder of the Baha&#8217;i Faith, Baha&#8217;u'llah (1817-1892), while imprisoned in the prison of Acca, wrote the following letter to Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890), a Parsi-Zoroastrian scholar who fought for the civil rights of the Zoroastrians in Iran. Zoroastrians who immigrated to India to escape persecution in Iran centuries earlier ( known as the Parsis in India) flourished as merchants, educators and writers. The Parsis in Bombay (now Mumbai) <span style="font-family:Garamond;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">allied with the British East India Company and facilitated British colonialism. <span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">Baha&#8217;u'llah (1817-1892) had met Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890) in Baghdad in 1854. In 1854-4 Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890) <span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">was gathering data for his report (1855) on the increased persecution of Zoroastrians in Persia</span></span>. Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890),  a British citizen, had excellent relations with the French ambassador, Count de Gobineau and the <span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">British ambassador in Persia, Sir Henry Rawlinson. </span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"> Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890) obtained an audience (1860-05-15) <span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">with Nasir al-Din Shah and the oppressive tax on Zoroastrians was removed.  Baha&#8217;is and Zoroastrians were among the many religious groups harshly persecuted in Iran.  Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890) championed the cause of the promotion of pure non-Arabicised Persian</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> (Parsiy-i-sari).<span style="font-family:Garamond;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;line-height:normal;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"> Baha&#8217;u'llah who spoke Arabicised Persian, Arabic and Parsiy-i-sari, used Parsiy-i-sari for this letter which responded to specific questions asked by his friend Manikji Limji Hataria (1813-1890). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;line-height:normal;font-size:small;border-collapse:collapse;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">British orientalist <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';line-height:normal;font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">Edward Granville Browne (1862-1926) who met with Baha&#8217;u'llah in XXXX translated part of this in his article entitled, &#8220;Three Epistles to the Zorastrians,&#8221; published in the <em>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society </em>24 in 1892.<span style="white-space:pre;"> </span>Neshati, Ramin Neshati provided a <a href="http://bahai-library.org/provisionals/lawh.manikji.html" target="_blank">revised translation and introduction in 2001</a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Praise be unto Him, the Eternal Seer, who through a dewdrop of the ocean of His Generosity raised up the firmament of existence, begemmed it with the stars of knowledge and summoned mankind to the court of perception and understanding! This dewdrop, which is the Primal Word of the Almighty, is at times called the Water of Life for it quickens the lifeless souls in the desert of ignorance and at other times it is known as the First Rays. When this radiance shone forth from the Sun of Wisdom, the Primary Movement was made manifest through the bounty of the Incomparable, the Wise One. He is the Knower, the Merciful! He is sanctified above every statement and attribute! The seen and the unseen fail to attain a measure of His understanding. The world of being and everything therein bears witness to this Utterance. Thus it is established that the First Bestowal of the Almighty is speech and its acceptance by Him is conditioned upon wisdom. It is the First Instructor in the School of Existence and the Primal Emanation of God. All that is visible is but through the radiance of its Light and all that is revealed is through the appearance of its Knowledge. All names originate from His Name and the start and end of all affairs are in His Hand. Your letter reached this Captive of the world in this prison. It brought happiness, increased friendship and renewed the remembrance of former times. Praise be unto the Possessor of the Universe for permitting our meeting in the land of Arabia. We met, we conversed and we listened. It is hoped that forgetfulness shall not follow that encounter, that the passage of time shall not erase its remembrance from the heart and that from what was sown shall sprout the flora of friendship, verdant, luxuriant and imperishable. You have asked about Divine Names. The All-Knowing Physician hath His finger on the pulse of mankind. He perceiveth the disease, and prescribeth, in His unerring wisdom, the remedy. Every age hath its own problem, and every soul its particular aspiration. The remedy the world needeth in its present-day afflictions can never be the same as that which a subsequent age may require. Be anxiously concerned with the needs of the age ye live in, and center your deliberations on its exigencies and requirements. We can well perceive how the whole human race is encompassed with great, with incalculable afflictions. We see it languishing on its bed of sickness, sore-tried and disillusioned. They that are intoxicated by self-conceit have interposed themselves between it and the Divine and infallible Physician. Witness how they have entangled all men, themselves included, in the mesh of their devices. They can neither discover the cause of the disease, nor have they any knowledge of the remedy. They have conceived the straight to be crooked, and have imagined their friend an enemy. Incline your ears to the sweet melody of this Prisoner. Arise, and lift up your voices, that haply they that are fast asleep may be awakened. Say: O ye who are as dead! The Hand of Divine bounty profereth unto you the Water of Life. Hasten and drink your fill. Whoso hath been re-born in this Day, shall never die; whoso remainteth dead, shall never live. You have written regarding languages: Arabic and Persian are both good, for that which one desires of a language is to attain insight into the discourse of the narrator and this can be obtained from either tongue. However, as in this day the Sun of Wisdom shines forth from the horizon of Persia this language is all the more praiseworthy. O friend! When the Primal Word appeared in these latter days, a number of the heavenly souls heard the Melody of the Beloved and hastened toward it, while others, finding the deeds of some at odds with their words, stayed far and were deprived from the radiance of the Sun of Knowledge. Say, O ye sons of earth! Thy Lord, the Pure One, proclaims: In this glorious Day whatever will purge you from corruption and will lead you towards peace and composure, is indeed the Straight Path. Purity from the stains of desire means detachment from all things that occasion loss and abate human nobility, which in turn comes about when one favors his own words and deeds, notwithstanding their merit. Serenity is attained when one becomes the well-wisher of all who are on earth. He who is informed will readily testify that if all the peoples of the earth were to attain to these Heavenly Utterances they would by no means be prevented from the Ocean of Divine Generosity. The heaven of righteousness has no Star, and shall not have any, brighter than this. The first Utterance of the Wise One is this: O ye sons of earth! Turn away from the darkness of alienation and seek the radiance of the Sun of Unity. This is that which shall benefit the people of the world more than aught else. O friend! The Tree of Utterance has no better a Blossom and the Ocean of Wisdom has no brighter a Pearl than this. O ye sons of wisdom! Flimsy as it may be, the eyelid yet prevents the eye from seeing the world and all that is therein. Consider then what would result when the curtain of greed veils the vision of the heart. Say, O people! The darkness of avarice and envy obscures the light of the soul even as clouds eclipse the radiance of the sun. He who listens with the ear of intelligence to this Utterance shall unfurl the wings of freedom and soar with great ease toward the heaven of understanding. When the world was environed with darkness, the Sea of Generosity was set in motion and Divine Illumination made visible the deeds. This is that same illumination foretold in the heavenly books. Should the Almighty desire it, He will sanctify the hearts with pure speech and shine the Light of the Sun of Unity upon the souls and thereby regenerate the world. O people! Words must be demonstrated through deeds, for the latter is the true witness of the former. Words alone shall not quench the thirsty nor unlock the doors of sight to the blind. The Heavenly Wise One proclaims: A harsh word is like unto a sword, while gentle speech like unto milk. In this manner will the children of the world attain to knowledge and improve their lot. The Tongue of Wisdom proclaimeth: He that hath Me not is bereft of all things. Turn ye away from all that is on earth and seek none else but Me. I am the Sun of Wisdom and the Ocean of Knowledge. I cheer the faint and revive the dead. I am the guiding Light that illumineth the way. I am the royal Falcon on the arm of the Almighty. I unfold the drooping wings of every broken bird and start it on its flight. The Peerless Friend says: The path of freedom has been opened! Hasten ye! The Fount of Knowledge is gushing! Drink ye! Say O friends! The tabernacle of unity hath been raised; regard ye not one another as strangers. Ye are the fruits of one tree, and the leaves of one branch.  Truly I say: Whatsoever abates ignorance and augments knowledge has been and shall be pleasing to the Creator. Say, O people! Walk under the shadow of Justice and Righteousness and take shelter under the pavilion of Unity. Say, O thou possessor of sight! The past is the mirror of the future; see and be apprised thereof that perchance you may recognize the Friend and not be the cause of His displeasure. In this day, the best fruit from the Tree of Knowledge is that which benefits mankind and improves his condition. Say! The tongue bears witness to My Truth; do not defile it with falsehood. The soul is the treasury of My Mystery; do not surrender it to avarice. It is hoped that in this Dawn, through which the universe has been illumined with the rays of the Sun of Understanding and Knowledge, we may attain to the good pleasure of the Beloved and drink from the Ocean of Divine Recognition. O friend! As ears are few to hear, for some time now the Pen has been silent in its own chamber, to such an extent that silence has overtaken utterance and has been deemed more favorable. Say, O people! Words are revealed according to capacity, so that newcomers may stay and beginners may make progress. Milk must be given according to prescribed measure, such that the babes of the world may enter into the Realm of Grandeur and be established upon the Court of Unity. O friend! We have seen the pure ground and have sown the seed of knowledge thereupon. Now it is left to the rays of the sun…will they singe the seedling or cause it to grow? Say: In this day, through the greatness of the Peerless, the Wise One, the Sun of Knowledge has appeared from behind the veil of the soul. All the birds of the meadow are inebriated through the wine of Understanding and are content with the remembrance of the Beloved. Well is it with him who comprehends.<br />
(Baha&#8217;u'llah 1869 [1929]).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Baha&#8217;u'llah. 1869. Lawh-i -Manikchi Sahib (Tablet to Manikchi).</p>
<p><strong>1870-1871</strong> Twenty-six-year old Nietzsche served as a voluntary as orderly during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). He was an eye-witness to traumatic events.</p>
<p><strong>1870 <span style="font-weight:normal;">William James  (1842 – 1910), experienced  his own “vastation” at the age of 28 resulting in his breakdown as he searched for his true vocation. He had successfully passed his exams as medical doctor at Harvard University but never practiced medicine.  He wrote about this phenomenon in “The Varieties of Religious Experience,” </span></strong></p>
<p>&#8220;The worst kind of melancholy is that which takes the form of panic fear. Here is an excellent example, for permission to print which I have to thank the sufferer. The original is in French, and though the subject was evidently in a bad nervous condition at the time of which he writes, his case has otherwise the merit of extreme simplicity. I translate freely. &#8221;Whilst in this state of philosophic pessimism and general depression of spirits about my prospects, I went one evening into a dressing-room in the twilight to procure some article that was there; when suddenly there fell upon me without any warning, just as if it came out of the darkness, a horrible fear of my own existence. Simultaneously there arose in my mind the image of an epileptic patient whom I had seen in the asylum, a black-haired youth with greenish skin, entirely idiotic, who used to sit all day on one of the benches, or rather shelves against the wall, with his knees drawn up against his chin, and the coarse gray undershirt, which was his only garment, drawn over them inclosing his entire figure. He sat there like a sort of sculptured Egyptian cat or Peruvian mummy, moving nothing but his black eyes and looking absolutely non-human. This image and my fear entered into a species of combination with each other. That shape am I, I felt, potentially. Nothing that I possess can defend me against that fate, if the hour for it should strike for me as it struck for him. There was such a horror of him, and such a perception of my own merely momentary discrepancy from him, that it was as if something hitherto solid within my breast gave way entirely, and I became a mass of quivering fear. After this the universe was changed for me altogether. I awoke morning after morning with a horrible dread at the pit of my stomach, and with a sense of the insecurity of life that I never knew before, and that I have never felt since. It was like a revelation; and although the immediate feelings passed away, the experience has made me sympathetic with the morbid feelings of others ever since. It gradually faded, but for months I was unable to go out into the dark alone. Compare Bunyan: &#8220;There was I struck into a very great trembling, insomuch that at some times I could, for days together, feel my very body, as well as my mind, to shake and totter under the sense of the dreadful judgment of God, that should fall on those that have sinned that most fearful and unpardonable sin. I felt also such clogging and beat at my stomach, by reason of this my terror, that I was, especially at some times, as if my breast-bone would have split asunder&#8230;. Thus did I wind, and twine, and shrink, under the burden that was upon me; which burden also did so oppress me that I could neither stand, nor go, nor lie, either at rest or quiet.&#8221; &#8221;In general I dreaded to be left alone. I remember wondering how other people could live, how I myself had ever lived, so unconscious of that pit of insecurity beneath the surface of life. My mother in particular, a very cheerful person, seemed to me a perfect paradox in her unconsciousness of danger, which you may well believe I was very careful not to disturb by revelations of my own state of mind. I have always thought that this experience of melancholia of mine had a religious bearing.&#8221; On asking this correspondent to explain more fully what he meant by these last words, the answer he wrote was this: &#8221;I mean that the fear was so invasive and powerful that if I had not clung to scripture-texts like &#8216;The eternal God is my refuge,&#8217; etc., &#8216;Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy-laden,&#8217; etc., &#8216;I am the resurrection and the life,&#8217; etc., I think I should have grown really insane.&#8221; For another case of fear equally sudden, see HENRY JAMES: Society the Redeemed Form of Man, Boston, 1879, pp. 43 ff.</p>
<p>Whereas Henry Sr. battled his demons with mysticism, William wielded philosophical arguments. This led to various <strong><span style="font-weight:normal;">philosophical positions — most profoundly, the assertion of the will’s primacy, even in choosing what to believe. “My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will,” he recorded in his journal, in 1870. The key to so much of James’s thought is his hand-to-hand combat with his own sick soul, his (willed) belief that the will can — that it must — insert itself into the fight and determine how the man shall experience the world. The heroic mind, he wrote in his groundbreaking “Principles of Psychology” (1890), “can stand this Universe,” finding “zest in it” by a “pure inward willingness to face the world with those deterrent objects there.” James put his whole will behind willingness, behind seeking zest and standing life. He eventually began teaching psychology and philosophy at Harvard University (1873-1907). During these years and after his retirement he wrote influential books on the young science of psychology, educational psychology, psychology of religious experience and mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism. &#8221;Philosophers of life and pragmatists tried to derive the split between subject and object from something which precedes both of them &#8220;life&#8221; and to interpret the objectified world as a self -negation of the creative life (Dilthey, Bergson, Simmel, William James (1842 – 1910) <span style="font-family:sans-serif;"><span style="font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;"> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:13).&#8221;  William James </span></span></span></strong></p>
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<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>1870</strong> The German Empire was established on the ruins of the Prussian Empire. Nietzsche followed the establishment and the rule of of Otto von Bismarck with skepticism.</p>
<p><strong>1870</strong> Nietzsche delivered his inaugural address at the University of Basel entitled &#8220;Homer and Classical Philology&#8221;.</p>
<p><strong>1870</strong> During this post war period Nietzsche began his lifelong friendship with theologian  Franz Overbeck.</p>
<p><strong>1873</strong> Nietzsche&#8217;s friend  Russian philosopher, Afrikan Spir published his book entitled <em>Denken und Wirklichkeit</em>. Afrikan Spir influenced Nietzsche at this time.</p>
<p><strong>1873</strong> Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) wrote &#8220;On Truth and Lie in the Extramoral [Nonmoral] Sense&#8221; 1873 which was published posthumously. Heidegger referred to this in his book entitled <em>Being and Time</em> (1929).</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;We can compare it to a tiny grain of sand; more than a kilometer of emptiness extends between it and the next grain of its size; on the surface of this tiny grain of sand lives a stupefied swarm of supposedly clever animals, crawling all over each other, who for a brief moment have invented knowledge (Heidegger 1929:4).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1870s</strong> Nietzsche regularly attended lectures by his colleague the historian Jacob Burckhardt which had a significant influence on him.</p>
<p><strong>1872</strong> Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) published <em>The Birth of Tragedy</em>.</p>
<p>1876 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) published <em>The Untimely Meditations</em>.</p>
<p>1878 [1879, 1880] Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) published <em>Human, All Too Human</em>.</p>
<p>1881 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) published <em>The Dawn</em>.</p>
<p><strong>1882 </strong>Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) published <em>Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (The Gay Science). </em></p>
<p>Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) first used the phrase &#8220;Gott ist tot&#8221; (the death of God, God is dead) in <em>The Gay Science</em> (1882) in the sections entitled &#8220;New Struggles&#8221;,&#8221;The Madman&#8221;, &#8220;The Meaning of our Cheerfulness&#8221;. In the section entitled &#8220;The Madman&#8221; (1882) Nietzsche primarily addresses the particular anxieties faced by atheists who must retain a value system in the absence of a divinity, God and a divine order.</p>
<blockquote><p>“God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it? (Nietzsche 1882 in the chapter entitled &#8220;The Madman.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1883–1885</strong> Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) published <em>Also sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra)</em>.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Nietzsche is the most impressive and effective representative of what could be called a &#8220;philosophy of life.&#8221; Life in this term is the process in which the power of being actualizes itself. But in actualizing itself it overcomes that in life which, although belonging to life, negates life. One could call it the will which contradicts the will to power. In his Zarathustra, in the chapter called &#8220;The Preachers of Death&#8221; (Pt. I, chap. 9), Nietzsche points to the different ways in which life is tempted to accept its own negation: &#8220;They meet an invalid, or an old man, or a corpse and immediately they say: &#8216;Life is refuted!&#8217; But they only are refuted, and their eye, which seeth only one aspect of existence.&#8221; Life has many aspects, it is ambiguous. Nietzsche has described its ambiguity most typically in the last fragment of the collection of fragments which is called the Will to Power. Courage is the power of life to affirm itself in spite of this ambiguity, while the negation of life because of its negativity is an expression of cowardice. On this basis Nietzsche develops a prophecy and philosophy of courage in opposition to the mediocrity and decadence of life in the period whose coming he saw (Tillich 1952:27-8).&#8221; Like the earlier philosophers Nietzsche in Zarathustra considered the &#8220;warrior&#8221; (whom he distinguishes from the mere soldier) an outstanding example of courage.&#8221; &#8216;What is good?&#8217; ye ask. To be brave is good&#8221; (I, 10), not to be interested in long life, not to want to be spared, and all this just because of the love for life. The death of the warrior and of the mature man shall not be a reproach to the earth (I, 21). Self-affirmation is the affirmation of life and of the death which belongs to life. Virtue for Nietzsche as for Spinoza is self-affirmation. In the chapter on &#8220;The Virtuous&#8221; Nietzsche writes: &#8220;It is your dearest Self, your virtue. The ring&#8217;s thirst is in you: to reach itself again struggleth every ring, and turneth itself (II, 27). This analogy describes better than any definition the meaning of self-affirmation in the philosophy of life: The Self has itself, but at the same time it tries to reach itself. Here Spinoza&#8217;s conatus becomes dynamic, as, generally speaking, one could say that Nietzsche is a revival of Spinoza in dynamic terms: &#8220;Life&#8221; in Nietzsche replaces &#8220;substance&#8221; in Spinoza. And this is true not only of Nietzsche but of most of the philosophers of life. The truth of virtue is that the Self is in it &#8220;and not an outward thing.&#8221; &#8220;That your very Self be in your action, as the mother is in the child: let that be your formula of virtue! &#8221; (II, 27.) Insofar as courage is the affirmation of one&#8217;s self it is virtue altogether. The self whose self-affirmation is virtue and courage is the self which surpasses itself: &#8220;And this secret spake Life herself unto me. &#8216;Behold,&#8217; said she, 1 am that which must ever surpass itself &#8221; (II, 34) . By italicizing the last words Nietzsche indicates that he wants to give a definition of the essential nature of life. &#8220;. . . There doth Life sacrifice itself for power!&#8221; he continues, and shows in these words that for him self-affirmation includes self -negation, not for the sake of negation but for the sake of the greatest possible affirmation, for what he calls &#8220;power.&#8221; Life creates and life loves what it has created but soon it must turn against it: &#8220;so willeth m[Life's] will.&#8221; Therefore it is wrong to speak of &#8220;will to existence&#8221; or even of &#8220;will to life&#8221;; one must speak of &#8220;will to power,&#8221; i.e. to more life. Life, willing to surpass itself, is the good life, and the good life is the courageous life. It is the life of the &#8220;powerful soul&#8221; and the &#8220;triumphant body&#8221; whose self -enjoyment is virtue. Such a soul banishes &#8220;everything cowardly; it says: bad that is cowardly&#8221; (III, 54) . But in order to reach such a nobility it is necessary to obey and to command and to obey while commanding. This obedience which is included in commanding is the opposite of submissiveness. The latter is the cowardice which does not dare to risk itself. The submissive self is the opposite of the self-affirming self, even if it is submissive to a God. It wants to escape the pain of hurting and being hurt. The obedient self, on the contrary, is the self which commands itself and &#8220;risketh itself thereby&#8221; (II, 34). In commanding itself it becomes its own judge and its own vei?rim. It commands itself according to the law of life, the law of self -transcendence. The will which commands itself is the creative will It makes a whole out of fragments and riddles of life. It does not look back, it stands beyond a bad conscience, it rejects the &#8220;spirit of revenge&#8221; which is the innermost nature of self-accusation and of the consciousness of guilt, it transcends reconciliation, for it is the will to power (II, 42 ) . In doing all this the courageous self is united with life itself and its secret (II, 34). We may conclude our discussion of Nietzsche&#8217;s ontology of courage with the following quotation: &#8220;Have ye courage, O my brethren? . . . Not the courage before witnesses, but anchorite and eagle courage, which not even a God any longer beholdeth? . . . He hath heart who knoweth fear but vanquisheth it; who seeth the abyss, but with pride. He who seeth the abyss but with eagle&#8217;s eyes, he who with eagle&#8217;s talons graspeth the abyss: he hath courage&#8221; (Nietzsche 1886 TSZ IV:4:73 cited in Tillich 1952).</p>
<p>&#8220;&#8216;And what is the saint doing in the forest?&#8217; asked Zarathustra. The saint answered: &#8216;I make songs and sing them; and when I make songs, I laugh, cry, and hum: thus do I praise God. With singing, crying, laughing, and humming do I praise the god who is my god. But what do you bring us as a gift?&#8217; When Zarathustra had heard these words he bade the saint farewell and said: &#8216;What could I have to give you? But let me go quickly lest I take something from you!&#8217; And thus they separated, the old one and the man, laughing as two boys laugh. But when Zarathustra was alone he spoke thus to his heart: &#8216;Could it be possible? This old saint in the forest has not yet heard anything of this, that God is dead!&#8217;&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Zarathustra calls for a new morality in the form of the <em>übermensch</em>, the new man, the overman:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8216;Dead are all the Gods: Now do we desire the overman to live.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)&#8217;s phrase &#8220;Gott ist tot&#8221; (the death of God, God is dead) became popularized through his book entitled <em>Thus Spoke Zarathustra</em>, which is most responsible for popularizing the phrase. German soldiers were given copies of this book during WWI and it was interpreted by the right-wing as promoting militaristic values.</p>
<div><strong>1885</strong> Adam Lord Gifford (1820-1887)  bequeathed for the good of his fellow-men, large sums from his estate, to establish an institute (preferably with Scottish Universities) with a lectureships or classes for the promotion of the study, teaching and diffusion of sound views among the whole population of Scotland on subjects about and relating to the true knowledge of God.  His interest in philosophical religion was well-known in Edinburgh. After retiring in 1881 he gave lectures to popular audiences on such subjects as Emerson, substance, Hindu incarnationism, and St. Bernard. Ralph Waldo Emerson in fact had been something of a hero for Lord Gifford ever since 1843 when he heard a series of lectures by Emerson in Edinburgh. Emerson&#8217;s transcendentalism appealed to Lord Gifford as did his later reading of Spinoza. He did not explore his own religious and metaphysical ideology to the point of answering the question of whether or not he believe God was a person. Of course it is out of this interest, this passion really, that Lord Gifford&#8217;s bequest arises. To use his words he was &#8220;firmly convinced that the true knowledge of God &#8230; when felt and acted on, is the means of man&#8217;s highest well-being, and the security of his upward progress&#8230;&#8221;</div>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#808080;">&#8220;I having been for many years deeply and firmly convinced that the true knowledge of God, that is, of the Being, Nature, and Attributes of the Infinite, of the All, of the First and the Only Cause, that is, the One and Only Substance and Being, and the true and felt knowledge (not mere nominal knowledge) of the relations of man and of the universe to Him, and of the true foundations of all ethics and morals, being, I say, convinced that this knowledge, when really felt and acted on, is the means of man&#8217;s highest well-being, and the security of his upward progress . .  <a title="Gilford, Lord Adam. 1885-08-21 &#34;Lord Adam Gifford’s Will.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/will.asp" target="_blank">(Gifford 1885-08-21)</a>.&#8221;</span></p></blockquote>
<p><strong>Folksonomy</strong>: Emersonian, metaphysical ideology, religious ideology,</p>
<p><strong>1886</strong> Paul Tillich was born in in Starzeddel, then a province of Brandenberg, Germany (now part of Poland) (<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Addison</a>).  Tillich was brought up by the Romantic movement, through which he sensed and realized his particular relation to nature and history (Wu 1999).</p>
<p><strong>1900</strong> Paul Tillich&#8217;s family moved to Berlin when his father was called to a position as a Lutheran pastor (<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Addison</a>).</p>
<p><strong>1901-1902</strong> William James delivered the Gifford Series of Ten Lectures on Natural Religion entitled The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature at the University of Edinburgh.</p>
<p><strong>1904 </strong>Paul Tillich graduated from Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium, an advanced high school for preliminary university education. During these years, he studied the philosophy of Fichte and Kant (Wu 1999).</p>
<p><strong>1911-1912</strong> Paul Tillich received a doctoral degree in philosophy from the university of Breslau, and earned the licentiate in theology from the university of Halle in 1912. Between 1904 and 1911 Tillich matriculated in several universities located in Berlin, Tubingen, and Halle where he became familiar with the works of Schleiermacher, Hegel, and Shelling (Wu 1999).</p>
<p><strong>1912</strong> Paul Tillich was ordained as a minister in the Lutheran Church (<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Addison</a>).</p>
<p><strong>1914-1918</strong> Paul Tillich served as military chaplain in World War I and witnessed the terror and cruelty of the war. Through this experience Tillich realized that much of his classical philosophy was inadequate 1919 to 1924 (Wu 1999).</p>
<p><strong>1920</strong> Miguel Asin Palacios suggested that Dante had drawn on Ibn &#8216;Arabi&#8217;s writings for his <em>Divine Comedy</em>. (Paul Tillich (1952:129) described [<em>La Divina Commedia</em>] as the &#8220;greatest poetic expression of the Existentialist point of view in the Middle Ages. . . [<em>La Divina Commedia</em>] remains, like the religious depth psychology of the monastics, within the framework of scholastic ontology. But within these limits it enters the deepest places of human self-destruction and despair as well as the highest places of courage and salvation, and gives in poetic symbols an all-embracing existential doctrine of man.&#8221;)</p>
<p><strong>1919-1924</strong> Paul Tillich was at the University of Berlin where he lectured on the philosophy of religion by presenting the theology of culture which related religion to politics, art, philosophy, depth psychology, and sociology respectively (Wu 1999).</p>
<p><strong>1924</strong> Paul Tillich taught at the University of Marburg where the neo-orthodoxy theology of Karl Barth was incredibly popular. In this university, cultural problems, social and political ideas were all excluded from the theological agenda (Wu 1999).</p>
<p><strong>1924</strong> Tillich met Martin Heidegger the University of Marburg and was deeply influenced by Heidegger&#8217;s thought. In Tillich&#8217;s words, Heidegger&#8217;s thought could be described as the &#8220;existentialism in its 20<sup>th</sup> century form&#8221; (Kegley and Bretall. Ed. 1964:14 cited in Wu 1999). For Tillich, Heidegger&#8217;s existentialism was not a new way of thinking. Rather, it is an analytical pattern which took Tillich as far back as the thoughts of Hegel, Schelling, and Kierkegaard. Synthesizing what he had learned from Schelling, Kahler and Kierkegaard and Husserl, Tillich reflected himself in his subsequent theological works with tremendous indebtedness to the thought of Existentialism (Wu 1999).&#8221;</p>
<p>Thomson,  J. Arthur. 1925. <em>Concerning Evolution</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Millikan, Robert Andrews. 1927. <em>Evolution in Science and Religion</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Compton, Arthur H. 1927. <em>The Freedom of Man</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Hocking, William Ernest. 1928. <em>The Self: Its Body and Freedom</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Russell, Henry Norris. 1927. <em>Fate and Freedom</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Brown, William. 1930. <em>Science and Personality</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Montague, Wm. Pepperell. 1930. <em>Belief Unbound: A Promethean Religion for the Modern World</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Weyl, Hermann. 1932. <em>The Open World: Three Lectures on the Metaphysical Implications of Science</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Jennings, H. S. 1933. <em>The Universe and Life</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p><strong>1912-1933</strong> Tillich lectured on philosophy and theology at many universities, including Berlin, Dresden and Frankfurt. He also spent four years serving as a military chaplain during World War I. His philosophical and theological views developed as he gained exposure to varied academic environments, from the neo-orthodoxy of Karl Barth to the existentialism of Heidegger (<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Addison</a>).</p>
<p><strong>1933</strong> Paul Tillich was dismissed from his teaching position in Germany because of his liberalism and opposition to the Nazi movement (<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Addison</a>).</p>
<p><strong>1933?</strong> Reinhold Niebuhr, whom he had met in Germany, offered Paul Tillich a position at the Union Theological Seminary in New York (<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Addison</a>).</p>
<p><strong>1940</strong> Paul Tillich became a U.S. citizen.</p>
<p>Simpson, James Young. 1934. <em>Nature: Cosmic, Human and Divine</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Dewey, John. 1934. <em>A Common Faith</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.<br />
Needham, Joseph. <em>Order and Life</em>. 1936. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Macmurray, John. 1936. <em>The Structure of Religious Experience</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Jung, Carl Gustav. 1938. <em>Psychology and Religion</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Barcroft, Sir Joseph. 1939. <em>The Brain and Its Environment</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p><strong>1939</strong> Fromm, Erich. 1939. &#8220;<a title="Fromm, Erich. 1939. &#34;Selfishness and Self-Love.&#34; Psychiatry. Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Process. Washington (The William Alanson Psychiatric Foundation), Vol. 2 (1939), pp. 507-523. " href="http://www.erich-fromm.de/biophil/en/images/stories/pdf-Dateien/1939b-e.pdf" target="_blank">Selfishness and Self-Love</a>.&#8221; <em>Psychiatry. Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Process.</em> Washington (The William Alanson Psychiatric Foundation), Vol. 2 (1939), pp. 507-523.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Erich Fromm has fully expressed the idea that the right self-love and the right love of others are interdependent, and that selfishness and the abuse of others are equally interdependentBut despair is also the despair about guilt and condemnation. And there is no way of escaping it, even by ontic self-negation. Suicide can liberate one from the anxiety of fate and death as the Stoics knew. But it cannot liberate from the anxiety of guilt and condemnation, as the Christians know. This is a highly paradoxical statement, as paradoxical as the relation of the moral sphere to ontic existence generally. But it is a true statement, verified by those who have experienced fully the despair of condemnation. It is impossible to express the inescapable character of condemnation in ontic terms, that is in terms of imaginings about the &#8220;immortality of the soul.&#8221; For every ontic statement must use the categories of finitude, and &#8220;immortality of the soul&#8221; would be the endless prolongation of finitude and of the despair of condemnation (a self -contradictory concept, for &#8220;finis&#8221; means &#8220;end&#8221; (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1944 </strong>In May just before the liberation of Paris, Jean-Paul Sartre&#8217;s existentialist play entitled Huis Clos (No Exit) was first performed at the Vieux-Colombier. Sartre&#8217;s most famous quotation, &#8220;l&#8217;enfer, c&#8217;est les autres&#8221; &#8220;Hell is other people&#8221; is from Huis Clos. Garcin, Serrano and Estelle Rigault are locked inside a gigantic room which seems to get hotter and hotter although that may only be psychosomatic, triggered by anxiety. They realize thourgh time that the sharing of their own sins, memories and experiences is their self-inflicted torture. When Garcin finally demands that the exit be opened, the actors are frozen in place too anxious for the unknown to leave.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;But despair is also the despair about guilt and condemnation. And there is no way of escaping it, even by ontic self-negation. Suicide can liberate one from the anxiety of fate and death as the Stoics knew. But it cannot liberate from the anxiety of guilt and condemnation, as the Christians know. This is a highly paradoxical statement, as paradoxical as the relation of the moral sphere to ontic existence generally. But it is a true statement, verified by those who have experienced fully the despair of condemnation. It is impossible to express the inescapable character of condemnation in ontic terms, that is in terms of imaginings about the &#8220;immortality of the soul.&#8221; For every ontic statement must use the categories of finitude, and &#8220;immortality of the soul&#8221; would be the endless prolongation of finitude and of the despair of condemnation (a self -contradictory concept, for &#8220;finis&#8221; means &#8220;end&#8221;). The experience, there fore, that suicide is no way of escaping guilt must be understood in terms of the qualitative character of the moral demand, and of the qualitative character of its rejection. Guilt and condemnation are qualitatively, not quantitatively, infinite. They have an infinite weight and cannot be removed by a finite act of ontic self -negation. This makes despair desperate, that is, inescapable. There is &#8220;No Exit&#8221; from it (Sartre). The anxiety of emptiness and meaninglessness participates in both the ontic and the moral element in despair. Insofar as it is an expression of finitude it can be removed by ontic self -negation: This drives radical skepticism to suicide. Insofar as it is a consequence of moral disintegration it produces the same paradox as the moral element in despair: there is no ontic exit from it. This frustrates the suicidal trends in emptiness and meaninglessness. One is aware of their futility (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Tillich 1952</a>:56).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1950</strong> Paul Tillich presented his lecture entitled &#8220;Being and Courage&#8221; at the Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. 27th series held at Yale University. The lecture was published as the first chapter of his publication entitled <em>The Courage to Be</em> (1952).</p>
<div>Folksonomy:  acceptance, affirm, andere, anderen, anxiety:of fate anxiety:of guilt, Ausdruck, Bedeutung, Begriff, being-itself,Bewegung, Bewegungen, Bewußtsein, Boden, Buddhism, bürgerlichen, Gesellschaft, character, Christianity, collectivism, courage, creative, culture, Dämonie, Dämonische, Dämonischen, Dasein, denen, despair, Dinge, divine, doubt, eigentliche, Einzelnen, elements, encounter, Endlichkeit, Ewigen, existential, Existentialist, Existenz, expression, finite, finitude, Form, Formen, Frage, Gegensatz, gegenüber, Gegenwart, Geist der bürgerlichen, geistige, geistigen, gibt, Gott, Göttlichen, Haltung, holy, human, individual, Kampf, Kirche, Kraft, Leben lich, lichen, liegt, Macht, man&#8217;s meaning, meaninglessness, Menschen, muß, mystical, myth, nature, Nietzsche, nonbeing, one&#8217;s oneself, ontic, ontological, participation, Paul Tillich, philosophy, Protestant, Protestantism, Protestantismus, quasi-religions, question, reality, religion, religiöse, religiösen, religious, Richtung, Rudolf Otto, schaft, sche, Schriften, secular, Seite, Seiten, Sekte, self-affirmation, Sinn, Sozialismus, Sphäre, spiritual, steht, Stoic, Stoicism, symbols, theism, Theologie, Theonomie, Tiefe, Tillich, tion, transcends, truth of faith, ultimacy, ultimate concern, unbedingt, Unbedingten, unconditional, unserer, Welt, Widerstand, wieder, Wirklichkeit, wurde, zeigt, Zeit, zugleich,</div>
<p><strong>1951</strong> Paul Tillich book entitled <em>Systematic Theology </em>was published.</p>
<p>Folksonomy: liberalism, neo-orthodoxy, idealism, realism, Protestant theology, Roman Catholic theology, philosophical theology, correlation method, interpretation, systematic theology,</p>
<p><strong>1952</strong> Paul Tillich&#8217;s lectures were compiled into the publication entitled <em><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">The Courage to Be</a></em>.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The courage to be is rooted in the God who appears when God has disappeared in the anxiety of doubt (Tillich 1952).&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>1953–1954</strong> Paul Tillich presented lectures entitled &#8220;Systematic Theology.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>1953–1954</strong> Paul Tillich presented lectures entitled &#8220;Systematic Theology: Existence and the Christ.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>1953–1954</strong> Paul Tillich presented lectures entitled &#8220;Systematic Theology: Life in the Spirit.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>1954</strong> Paul Tillich took up a position at Harvard University</p>
<p><strong>1959 </strong>Henry Corbin&#8217;s book (1958) entitled <em>L’Imagination Creatrice dans le Soufisme d’Ibn ‘Arabi</em> was translated into English. In the introduction of the 1997 reprint/publication Harold Bloom wrote &#8221;Henry Corbin&#8217;s works are the best guide to the visionary tradition&#8230;. Henry Corbin, like Scholem and Jonas, is remembered as a scholar of genius. He was uniquely equipped not only to recover Iranian Sufism for the West, but also to defend the principal Western traditions of esoteric spirituality.&#8221;  His book on ’Ibn ‘Arabi is &#8220;a profoundly moving and beautiful volume [that] stands as one of the great works of theology and comparative philosophy of the 20th century.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>1962-1965</strong> Paul Tillich taught at the University of Chicago.</p>
<p><strong>1986</strong> On the occasion of his 100th anniversary of Paul Tillich&#8217;s birth, <em>Writings on Religion </em>with introduction by Robert P. Scharlemann was published.</p>
<p><strong>2000</strong> Peter J. Gomes wrote the &#8220;Introduction&#8221; to Paul Tillich&#8217;s publication <em>The Courage to Be</em>.</p>
<h3>Folksonomy</h3>
<p>self-affirmation, anxiety, doubt, Heidegger, existentialism, Karl Barth,</p>
<h3>Webliography and Bibliography</h3>
<p>Addison, Sam. No Date. &#8220;<a title="Addison, Sam. No Date. &#34;Gifford Lecture Series - Biography - Paul Tillich.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169" target="_blank">Gifford Lecture Series &#8211; Biography &#8211; Paul Tillich</a>.&#8221;</p>
<p>Corbin, Henry. 1958. <em>L’Imagination Creatrice dans le Soufisme d’Ibn ‘Arabi</em>. Collection Homo Sapiens. Paris: Flammarion. <a href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/assr_0003-9659_1959_num_7_1_1704_t1_0167_0000_3" target="_blank">Review</a></p>
<p>Burnham, Douglas. 2005. &#8220;<a title="Burnham, Douglas. 2005. &#34;Leibniz: Metaphysics.&#34; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. " href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/leib-met/" target="_blank">Leibniz: Metaphysics</a>.&#8221; <em>Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</em>.</p>
<p>De Libera, Alain. 1991. <em>Averroès et l&#8217;averroïsme.</em> PUF: p.121.</p>
<p>Donaghy, John Albert. 1990. &#8220;<a title="Donaghy, John Albert. 1990. &#34;Spiritedness in Plato's &#34;Republic&#34;: The education of to thymoeides.&#34; PhD dissertation. Boston College. " href="http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&#38;Exp=12-15-2014&#38;FMT=7&#38;DID=746081721&#38;RQT=309&#38;attempt=1&#38;cfc=1" target="_blank">Spiritedness in Plato&#8217;s &#8220;Republic&#8221;: The education of to thymoeides</a>.&#8221; PhD dissertation. Boston College.</p>
<p>Fakhry, Majid. 2001. <em>Averroes:  His Life, Works and Influence</em>.  Oneworld Publications.</p>
<p>Gilford, Lord Adam. 1885-08-21 &#8220;<a title="Gilford, Lord Adam. 1885-08-21 &#34;Lord Adam Gifford’s Will.&#34; " href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/will.asp" target="_blank">Lord Adam Gifford’s Will</a>.&#8221;</p>
<p>Goodman, Russell. 2002 [2009]. <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emerson/" target="_blank">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>. <em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</em>.</p>
<p>Gomes, Peter J. 2000. &#8221;Introduction&#8221; in Tillich, Paul. 1952 [2000]. <em>The Courage to Be</em>.</p>
<p>James, William. 1901-1902. &#8220;The Sick Soul.&#8221; in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. Gifford Series of Ten Lectures on Natural Religion. Delivered at the University of Edinburgh.</p>
<p>Tillich, Paul. 1952. <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/courageofbe011129mbp/courageofbe011129mbp_djvu.txt" target="_blank">The Courage to Be</a>.</p>
<p>Wu, James. 1999. &#8220;<a href="http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/mwt/dictionary/mwt_themes_755_tillich.htm">Paul Tillich: Biography and Systematic Theology I</a>. <em>Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Western Theology</em>.</p>
<p>McInerny, Ralph; O&#8217;Callaghan, John. 1999-2009. &#8220;<a title="McInerny, Ralph; O'Callaghan, John. 1999-2009. &#34;Thomas Aquinas.&#34; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy." href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aquinas/" target="_blank">Thomas Aquinas</a>.&#8221; <em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</em>.</p>
<p>Selected Publications in the Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<div id="_mcePaste">Compton, Arthur H. 1927. <em>The Freedom of Man</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</div>
<p>Thomson,  J. Arthur. 1925. <em>Concerning Evolution</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<div>Millikan, Robert Andrews. 1927. <em>Evolution in Science and Religion</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</div>
<p>Hocking, William Ernest. 1928. <em>The Self: Its Body and Freedom</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Russell, Henry Norris. 1927. <em>Fate and Freedom</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Brown, William. 1930. <em>Science and Personality</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Sa&#8217;di. c. 1256. <em>The Gulistan</em>. Trans. Ross, James. 1890. <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/sadi-gulistan2.html" target="_blank"><em>The Gulistan of Sadi</em></a>. Sacred Books of the East Series. London.</p>
<div>Simpson, James Young. 1934. <em>Nature: Cosmic, Human and Divine</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</div>
<p>Montague, Wm. Pepperell. 1930. <em>Belief Unbound: A Promethean Religion for the Modern World</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Weyl, Hermann. 1932. <em>The Open World: Three Lectures on the Metaphysical Implications of Science</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Jennings, H. S. 1933. <em>The Universe and Life</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Dewey, John. 1934. <em>A Common Faith</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Needham, Joseph. <em>Order and Life</em>. 1936. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Macmurray, John. 1936. <em>The Structure of Religious Experience</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Barcroft, Sir Joseph. 1939. <em>The Brain and Its Environment</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<p>Jung, Carl Gustav. 1938. <em>Psychology and Religion</em>. Dwight Harrington Terry Foundation Lectures on Religion in the Light of Science and Philosophy. Yale University.</p>
<div>Tillich, Paul. 1950. <em>Being and Courage</em>.</div>
<div>Neshati, Ramin. 2001-10. Introduction to Baha&#8217;u'llah&#8217;s Tablet to Manikji Sahib. <a href="http://bahai-library.org/provisionals/lawh.manikji.html">http://bahai-library.org/provisionals/lawh.manikji.html</a></div>
<h3>Trackbacks</h3>
<p><a href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169">http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=169</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.giffordlectures.org/will.asp">http://www.giffordlectures.org/will.asp</a></p>
<p><a href="http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/mwt/dictionary/mwt_themes_755_tillich.htm">http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/mwt/dictionary/mwt_themes_755_tillich.htm</a></p>
<p><a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/laches.html">http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/laches.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://bahai-library.org/provisionals/lawh.manikji.html">http://bahai-library.org/provisionals/lawh.manikji.html</a></p>
<p>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/assr_0003-9659_1959_num_7_1_1704_t1_0167_0000_3</p>
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<title><![CDATA[accumulated rain]]></title>
<link>http://mentalponcho.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/accumulated-rain/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 18:48:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mentalponcho</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mentalponcho.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/accumulated-rain/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Years of rain &#8212; inside rain &#8212; clouding over so that your heart is a grey wet and you can]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Years of rain &#8212; inside rain &#8212; clouding over so that your heart is a grey wet and you can&#8217;t remember what the sun feels like.  A soaking wet existence with the splashing and the cold seems normal &#8212; if this is indeed how it should be or  how it is.  And maybe its easier to believe that you are thus &#8212; wet and cold &#8211; some part of a cosmic deterministic impersonal mechanism that churns on. But easier is hardly satisfying and why then do we have this hunger for the good, the better even as it seems we have learned nothing from the past?  The rain goes on soaking the ground and you have mudslide nightmares.  A distant voice is calling you in from the rain&#8230;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mageres Weihnachten?]]></title>
<link>http://earthwitch.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/mageres-weihnachten/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 11:33:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>earthwitch</dc:creator>
<guid>http://earthwitch.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/mageres-weihnachten/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ich weiß nicht, wie es euch so geht&#8230; für mich kommt Weihnachten immer plötzlich; zu plötzlich ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Ich weiß nicht, wie es euch so geht&#8230; für mich kommt Weihnachten immer plötzlich; zu plötzlich für mich und vor Allem für meinen Geldbeutel.</p>
<p>Im Winter hat eine Kräuterhexe nicht allzuviel zu tun. Einerseits schade&#8230; weils Portemonnaie abnimmt, andererseit hat sie Zeit, sich ihren Gebräuen und Elixieren zu widmen.</p>
<p>Davon kann ich leider nur noch nicht leben&#8230;</p>
<p>Darum lebe ich noch in einer zweiten Welt: Die Welt der Zahlen und des Geldes. Ich kümmere mich um Buchhaltung und Bilanz. Tja&#8230; wenn ich mal die eigene Bilanz ziehe: Die Menschen haben nicht viel Geld, die sparen, wo sie können, auch am Buchhalter. Und die Deutschen haben so ein paar feste Gewohnheiten, zum Beispiel das sie das Bankkonto oder den Steuerberater lebenslänglich nicht wechseln. Das auch auf diesen Gebieten Marktwirtschaft herrscht und es durchaus Preis und Qualitätsunterschiede gibt, hat sich noch nicht so rumgesprochen.</p>
<p>Also auch als Zahlenhexe lebt es sich nicht üppig.</p>
<p>Ich habe vorher auch schon als Angestellte in größeren Firmen oder Konzernen gearbeitet. Ich habs nicht ausgehalten. Was da so läuft, geht mir absolut gegen das Gewissen. Versteht mich nicht falsch: Wenn jemand das Gesetz ein wenig weitläufig auslegt, um seine Schäfchen ins Trockene zu bringen, steh ich nicht da und halte Moralpredigten. Aber was da so lief, sind schon Straftatbestände.<br />
Ich dachte zunächst, das wäre eine Ausnahme, aber ich habe das bisher in jeder größeren Firma erlebt, wo ich gearbeitet habe&#8230;</p>
<p>Deswegen hab ich mich auf Selbständigsein zurückgezogen. Und das &#8220;zieht&#8221; sich wirklich. Ist das die Strafe fürs Ehrlichsein? Einer meiner ehemaligen Arbeitskollegen hat bei der letzten Firma gleichzeitig mit mir gekündigt. Er war ebenfalls in leitender Position und meinte: &#8220;Lieber lutsche ich 12 Wochen Kieselsteine, als hier noch länger meinen guten Namen herzugeben!&#8221;</p>
<p>Von solchen Menschen sollte es mehr geben. Nur das grade diese wahrscheinlich wieder keinen Job bekommen. Gesucht wird der billige, als hinnehmende, nie kränkelnde, schleimende Arbeitnehmer&#8230;</p>
<p>Gibt es noch Jobs für ehrliche Menschen, die auch anständig bezahlt werden?</p>
<p>Ich fürchte, die sind besetzt. Wer geht da schon freiwillig. Nein, ich will auch nicht mehr&#8230; ich arbeite gern und auch viel&#8230; aber ich erwarte auch von einem Arbeitgeber Respekt. Gegenseitiger Respekt&#8230; das wäre die Geheimformel. Ich fürchte, Deutschland ist da längst auf anderen Wegen&#8230;</p>
<p>Also Kieselsteine mit Zuckerguss und selbständig arbeiten. Es gibt auch unter den Selbständigen kleinere, die um ihre Existenz kämpfen und die mich wirklich brauchen&#8230; ich muss sie nur finden.</p>
<p>Tja und Weihnachten? So fett wirds wohl nicht. Aber gemütlich bestimmt. Wir werden Kekse backen, singen, dass die Wände wackeln und spielen. Vielleicht wickel ich die ganze Familie in Geschenkband und wir rollen uns so unter den Weihnachtsbaum. Damit hab ich das Wichtigste, was ein Mensch braucht: andere Menschen, die in lieben und respektieren (und wertschätzen).</p>
<p>Ich wünsche euch, dass auch ihr ein wundervolles Weihnachten erlebt, egal wie dick euer Geldbeutel ist!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Erkenne die Wahrheit durch die Natur, die Schöpfung Allahs]]></title>
<link>http://unserekorruptewelt.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/nur-in-der-natur-wirst-du-die-wahrheit-erkennen/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 15:57:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ourcorruptworld</dc:creator>
<guid>http://unserekorruptewelt.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/nur-in-der-natur-wirst-du-die-wahrheit-erkennen/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Es gab mal eine Zeit und einen Ort, an dem sich Menschen über den Sinn des Lebens gefragt haben. Sie]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Es gab mal eine Zeit und einen Ort, an dem sich Menschen über den Sinn des Lebens gefragt haben. Sie lagen die Nächte wach in ihren Betten und dachten über dass Leben, über den Tod, über ihre Bestimmung und über ihre Existenz nach. Sie wussten, dass dieses Leben ein Wunder, etwas großes und einzigartiges ist. Sie dachten über ihr eigenes Bewusstsein, über ihr ICH nach und sie fragten sich wahrhaftig nach der Wahrheit und nach dem Sinn des Lebens.<!--more--></p>
<p>Die meisten Menschen, die über dass Wunder des Lebens nachdenken und sich auf die lange Reise nach der Wahrheit begeben, und sich ernsthaft nach der Wahrheit sehnen, diese werden die Wahrheit früher oder später auch finden und erkennen, denn wer nach der Wahrheit sucht, wird die Wahrheit finden. Und Allah selbst ist die Wahrheit. Und Allah selbst ist der Frieden und Allah ist dass Licht. Allah wird jeden fragenden eine Antwort geben und die guten und gerechten Menschen werden die Antwort Allahs in ihren Herzen hören und die Wahrheit erfahren.</p>
<p>Alles natürliche, wie die materielle Natur oder aber auch die Natur des Menschen, ist eine Brücke zur Wahrheit, denn Allah gibt sich durch seine Schöpfung zu erkennen. Allah setzt deutliche Zeichen in seine Schöpfung und jeder Mensch von Verstand, jeder sehende Mensch wird diese Zeichen erkennen, denn es liegt in der Natur des Menschen, Allahs Schöpfung als solche zu erkennen. Beobachtet die Natur, beobachtet dass Essen, dass ihr tagtäglich zu euch nimmt, denkt darüber nach, über dieses unglaublich große Wunder, denkt darüber nach, wie dass Gemüse und dass Obst aus der Erde gewachsen ist und denkt darüber nach, zu welchem Zweck diese Nahrungsmittel aus der Erde gewachsen sind.</p>
<p>Allah, hoch Erhaben ist er, Allmächtig und Allwissend ist Allah, der Allweise, der Gnadenreiche, der die Lebewesen jede Sekunde lang versorgt. Allah ist es, der den Regen auf die Erde niedersendet und damit Früchte von aller Art aus der Erde hervorbringt. Denkt über dieses und unzählige weitere Wunder der Natur nach. Denkt darüber nach&#8230;</p>
<p>Und genau hier liegt dass größte Problem unser heutigen Zeit. Die &#8220;modernen&#8221; Industrieländer zerstören die Natur und vernichten dass Leben auf dieser Erde. Die &#8220;moderne&#8221; Welt fertigt eine Infrastuktur an aus Beton, Metall, Plastik und Elektrizität. In der modernen, gottlosen Welt werden wir unserer Natur entrissen, der materiellen Natur.</p>
<p>Die modernen Industriestaaten fertigen ein Gefängnis für uns oder besser gesagt, sie fertigen ein Gefängnis für unseren Verstand. Indem sie die Natur zerstören und im Gegenzug Städte errichten, in der nur Gefühlskälte und Egoismus vorherschen, in der wir manipuliert und dressiert werden, in der wir genormten, gottlosen, kapitalistisch globalisierte Gesetze befolgen müssen, werden wir selbst einer Norm unterlaufen. Sie errichten Fabriken, Produktionshallen, Industrien und Gebäude Komplexe voll mit Maschinen in einer global vernetzen Welt. Und in dieser global vernetzen Welt stellen die Menschen nichts weiteres dar, als Personal, als Futter für die Maschinen, als Treibstoff für die Globalisation. <a title="5 Wege die neue Weltordnung zu bekämpfen" href="http://unserekorruptewelt.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/stoppt-die-neue-weltordnung-5-tips-zur-bekampfung/" target="_blank">Und die Globalisation ist dass größte unrecht, dass der Menschheit jemals wiederfahren ist.</a></p>
<p>In der fürhen deutschen Geschichte hies es noch Person im deutschen Ausweis. Seit neuerer Zeit werden die Bürger Deutschlands als PERSONAL in ihren Pässen beschrieben.</p>
<p>Personal, gefühlskalt, nur eine Maschine. Wir werden zu Sklaven unserer eigenen satanischen Regierungen. Die Anzeichen dafür sind überall ersichtlich.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/j0yY252S0Mk&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/j0yY252S0Mk&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Die Regierung hat Gefängniszellen errichtet, Gefängniszellen für die Menschen, derren Gitter jedoch unsichtbar sind.</p>
<p><img class="alignleft" title="Globale Versklavung" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/15/22101227_e0d6768a7c.jpg?v=0" alt="Globale Versklavung" width="230" height="182" /><img class="alignleft" title="Versklavung" src="http://www.bdia.org/e182/e297/projects1150/projimgdetails1152/Gesamtansicht-411.jpg" alt="" width="247" height="185" /></p>
<p>Wir sind nur der Treibstoff für die Marktwirtschaft, die Batterie für den Antrieb des Globalismus. Stellt euch diese Wohnblocks doch einfach mal als Aufladestationen für Batterien vor, dann sollte auch den letzten leugner ein Licht aufgehen.</p>
<p>Die moderne gottlose Welt will die Menschen in gefühllose Objekte verwandeln. Sie wollen, dass die Menschen zu willenlosen Sklaven werden, sie wollen die Wahrheit mit ihren Mündern auslöschen, sie wollen die Natur vernichten und die Wahrheit aus unseren Herzen vertreiben. Ihre Waffen sind der Globalismus und der Kapitalismus, Gehirnwäsche durch TV und Werbung, Desinformation und Lügen aus den medialen Nachrichten. Sie füttern uns mit sinnlosem &#8220;Entertainment&#8221; und beschäftigen uns mit schwachsinn aus aller Welt in ihren TV Sendungen.</p>
<p>Die &#8220;schöne&#8221; &#8220;moderne&#8221; Welt, dass Leben in den Industriestaaten, nichts weiter als eine furchtbare große Täuschung.</p>
<p>Deshalb ist es von ungeheuerer wichtigkeit, dass die Menschen wieder damit beginnen, nach dem Sinn des Lebens zu suchen. Die Menschen müssen aufstehen und sich auf die Suche nach der Wahrheit begeben, nach dem Sinn ihrer Schöpfung. Die gottlose moderne Welt will den Menschen eintrichtern, dass es keinen Sinn im Leben gibt, stattdessen wollen sie euch einreden, dass der &#8220;Sinn&#8221; des Lebens sei, soviel Spass wie nur möglich zu haben und dass Leben in vollen zügen zu genießen, indem die Menschen sich mit Entertainment vergnügen und schön fleißig weiter konsumieren und weiter den Globalismus und den Kapitalismus fördern.</p>
<p>Es mag sein, dass sie es zum Teil geschafft haben, euch von der äußeren Natur abzuschotten, aber da ist noch die menschliche Natur, die Wahrheit in euren Herzen. Sie sind nicht in der Lage, ohne weiteres die Wahrheit in euren Herzen auszulöschen. Die Wahrheit in euren Herzen erlischt nur dann, wenn ihr es selbst zulässt, sprich, wenn ihr euere Seelen verkauft für ein bisschen Spass und Vergnügen, wenn ihr euch dem globalen System unterwerft und nach den Spielregeln der modernen gottlosen Welt spielt.</p>
<p>Verliert niemals eure menschlichkeit. Schaut nicht weg, leugnet nicht die Wahrheit und trettet ein für Gerechtigkeit und Frieden. Kämpft um den Frieden und die Gerechtigkeit und dient Allah. Denn sie hassen es, wenn ihr Allah dient und gute Taten vollbringt. Sie hassen es, wenn ihr die Wahrheit erfährt und die Wahrheit verbreitet, denn die finsteren Mächte mächten, dass ihr die Wahrheit verwerft und stattdessen den korrupten Regierungen, dem Kapitalismus und dem Globalismus dient, indem ihr euch an dass System anpasst und dass System fördert, indem ihr den Treibstoff, die Energie für sie liefert.</p>
<p>In ihren Augen seid ihr nichts weiter, als Personal, eine austauschbare Batterie, ein gefühlloses, Seelenloses Objekt.</p>
<p>WACH AUF, BEVOR ES ZU SPÄT IST!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Shimmering Little Morphs]]></title>
<link>http://marcelo717.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/shimmering-little-morphs/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 16:04:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Castro</dc:creator>
<guid>http://marcelo717.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/shimmering-little-morphs/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/fPqpv__NiD0&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/fPqpv__NiD0&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Weltherrschaft des Managements - Der Anfang des "gerechten" Wirtschaftskrieges ]]></title>
<link>http://nokturnaltimes.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/weltherrschaft-des-managements-der-anfang-des-gerechten-wirtschaftskrieges/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 11:09:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jazariel</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nokturnaltimes.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/weltherrschaft-des-managements-der-anfang-des-gerechten-wirtschaftskrieges/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Mit der Globalisierung der Wirtschaft haben sich auch die Verwaltungsstrukturen der Unternehmen über]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Mit der Globalisierung der Wirtschaft haben sich auch die Verwaltungsstrukturen der Unternehmen über die Welt verbreitet. Management ist zu einem weltumspannenden Schlagwort geworden und bestimmt die Handlungsweise von Amerika bis Asien.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/MszVLKBCahQ&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/MszVLKBCahQ&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Organisieren, koordinieren, kommandieren, kontrollieren &#8211; die hölzerne, inzwischen weit verbreitete Sprache der Wirtschaftstechnokraten kündet von unfehlbarer Verwaltungseffizienz. Allerorten macht sich der neue Glaubenssatz von Industrialisierung und Verwestlichung breit. Von Stanford bis Tokio, von Madrid bis Dakar, von Athen bis zu den Pariser Vorstädten &#8211; überall befindet man sich im &#8220;Reich, in dem die Sonne nie untergeht&#8221;, im allmächtigen Managementimperium.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/DKwTn_AfrBI&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/DKwTn_AfrBI&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>„Management“ heißt der kommunikationswirksame Verkaufsschlager der westlichen Industrieländer. Hinter dem Zeitgeist-Konzept verbirgt sich ein uralter, der westlichen Tradition entsprungener Begriff, der sich ursprünglich auf Haus, Familie, Gerätschaften und Haushaltsführung bezog.<br />
Von Ökonomen aufbereitet und mit einer wissenschaftlich-technischen Aura versehen, wurde „Management“ zur Wirtschaftsdoktrin, zu einem Propagandainstrument der neuen Globalisierung eines Marktes ohne Grenzen.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/fSKn4MDiIi8&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/fSKn4MDiIi8&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Genau wie die großen religiösen und politischen Imperien ist auch das weltweite Management ein Teil der Geschichte. Wer den Versuch wagt, die Entwicklung der Gesellschaft über einen sehr langen Zeitraum nach dem Muster der Erdgeschichte zu analysieren, wird auf die „geologischen“ Schichten einer Zeitarchitektur stoßen, die den Ist-Zustand der Zivilisationen in sich tragen. Traditionen überlagern sich wie Sedimente, auf deren Oberfläche jeweils eine neue Epoche entsteht, die dessen harrt, was unausweichlich auf den Menschen zukommt.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/JQ2WcfyKTko&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/JQ2WcfyKTko&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Jede Form von Modernität ruht daher gewissermaßen auf einer verschütteten Vergangenheit, die sich der Mensch in Mythen oder wissenschaftlichen Deutungen zu erklären versucht. Doch um sich mit der Endlichkeit abzufinden, sie gewissermaßen zu bezähmen, bedarf eine menschliche Gesellschaft der Fähigkeit, die Schattenlinie zu erkennen, die jene Momente markiert, an denen Unumkehrbares geschieht. So gesehen, ist die lange Geschichte einer Zivilisation ein einziges, aus Schriftsedimenten bestehendes Textkompositum, durchzogen von eben dieser Schattenlinie, die eine nie endende Inszenierung der Zeit gestattet, eine Untiefe der Erinnerung, die ihr Spiel mit der Wirklichkeit treibt und dem Unsagbaren huldigt.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/k57FSk1xqXk&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/k57FSk1xqXk&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Der Film versteht sich als eine Reflexion über den globalisierenden Westen. Er will an der Oberfläche der Sedimentschicht unserer Epoche den Moment entschlüsseln, der eine neue Qualität gegenüber den Brüchen und Übergängen der Vergangenheit darstellt: Wir leben heute in einer Ideenwüste leben, die aus dem Irrglauben geboren wurde, dass die Menschheit &#8211; unter der Wirkung der wissenschaftlich-technischen Wirtschaftsallmacht &#8211; zu einer dem Glück geweihten und von allen Zwängen befreiten „Post-Menschheit“ mutiert.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/48RejSoHKAs&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/48RejSoHKAs&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Laut diesem neuen Glauben befinden sich die desaktivierten, zu bloßer Folklore verkommenden Zivilisationen auf dem Wege der Selbstvernichtung. Damit erübrigen sich die Analyse des Textkompositums der Gesellschaft und die Suche nach der Schattenlinie, auch ist es nicht mehr nötig, eine Gesellschaft mit ihren unfassbaren Geheimnissen, ihrer Verletzlichkeit begreifen und ihr schöpferisches Potenzial und ihren Umgang mit den ihr eigenen Todestrieben erkennen zu wollen.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/W8cdC0oxvpc&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/W8cdC0oxvpc&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Die Arbeitsthese dieses filmischen Essays ist ein Satz, den Jean Paulhan in einer Abhandlung über die kubistische Malerei verwendete: „Entfernt die Bäume, die mir den Blick auf den Wald verstellen.“ Diese Metapher aus dem Pflanzenreich habe ich mir zum Grundsatz gemacht, denn unserer Zeit fehlt es an Erklärungen; ein Defizit, das durch die Fragmentierung und Abschottung des Wissens weiter akzentuiert wird. Doch genau diese Erstarrung hindert uns daran, eine Welt zu begreifen, die aus den Fugen gerät, aber nach wie vor in tief wurzelnden, noch immer wirksamen Traditionen verankert ist. Manche dieser Traditionen sind im Untergang begriffen, andere aber trotzen der Gleichschaltung durch die westlichen Systeme.<br />
In dieser Partie mit unsicherem Ausgang ist das weltweite Management &#8211; vom Westen als reines Instrument der Vereinheitlichung mittels wissenschaftlich begründeten Verwaltens konzipiert &#8211; ein neuer Einsatz/Trumpf.</p>
<p>Wie bereits frühere Filme des Autors stellt auch „Dominium Mundi – Die Weltherrschaft des Managements“ von Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftswissenschaftlern, Biologen und anderen zementierte Gewissheiten infrage. Die Methode des Films besteht nicht darin, sein Sujet – die Funktionsweise einer Zivilisation – zu zerpflücken und zu zerstückeln. Vielmehr seziert er es in der Manier des Kubismus: aus allen Perspektiven, von innen und von außen.</p>
<p>Grundansatz und Anliegen des Films ist es, die Fähigkeit zum Widerstand und die Fortdauer des „Materials Mensch“ sowie die immer währenden Widersprüche, die gewaltigen industriellen Umbrüche und die poetischen Rückzugsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, die ein Film greifbar machen kann, wenn er mit der Gründlichkeit einer literarischen Erzählung vorgeht. Formal handelt es sich bei dem Film also nicht um ein Lehrstück, sondern um die Enthüllung miteinander verquickter Fragestellungen, die aus einem ganz einfachen Grunde undurchsichtig und schwer zu umreißen sind: Denn was der Westen vom Westen nicht wahrnimmt, kann auch in unsere Analysen nicht einfließen.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Existenzgründung aus Alg. I u. Hartz IV (Teil 2)]]></title>
<link>http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/existenzgrundung-aus-alg-i-u-hartz-iv-teil-2/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 14:05:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gooluxer09</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/existenzgrundung-aus-alg-i-u-hartz-iv-teil-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Wie ich gestern bereits angekündigt habe, folgen hier nun die Unterlagen die Sie im ersten Seminarte]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Wie ich gestern bereits angekündigt habe, folgen hier nun die Unterlagen die Sie im ersten Seminartermin zur Bearbeitung als Hausaufgabe erhalten. Als Punkt 2 folgt eine Powerpointpräsentation, die ich aus Speicherplatzgründen in Teil 3 integrieren musste.</p>
<p>1.<a href="http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dokumentation-stammdaten.docx">Dokumentation-Stammdaten</a></p>
<p>2. <a href="http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/info-aktuell-ab-07-07-2009-ppt.pdf">Info-aktuell ab 07.07.2009.ppt</a></p>
<p><strong>&#62;Je nach DSL-Bandbreite kann das Hochladen bis zu 3 Min. dauern.&#60;</strong></p>
<p>3. <a href="http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/m1_2c-geschaftsplan-2009.docx">Geschäftsplan &#8211; 2009</a></p>
<p>4. <a href="http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/planungstool-bnw-3-0_mit-beispiel_ab-15-07-2009.pdf">Planungstool BNW 3.0_mit Beispiel_ab 15-07-2009</a></p>
<p>Alle Angaben aus Teil 2 u. 3 beziehen sich auf den Arbeitsagenturbereich Hannover.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Existenzgründung aus Alg. I u Hartz IV heraus]]></title>
<link>http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/existenzgrundung-aus-alg-i-u-hartz-iv-heraus/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:08:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gooluxer09</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gooluxer09.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/existenzgrundung-aus-alg-i-u-hartz-iv-heraus/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Auch aus der Arbeitslosigkeit heraus kann man sich mit Hilfe der Bundesagentur/des JobCenters eine E]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Auch aus der Arbeitslosigkeit heraus kann man sich mit Hilfe der Bundesagentur/des JobCenters eine Existenzgründung leicht finanzieren lassen:<br />
<strong>1. Grundförderung ALG I:</strong><br />
Mit einem Antrag auf einen Gründungszuschuss nach nach<strong> § 57 SGB III</strong>, der maximal für 13 Monate in Höhe von 300,- € monatlich gewährt werden kann.</p>
<p>Oder <strong>ALG II</strong>:</p>
<p>mit einem Antrag auf Einstiegsgeld nach <strong>§ 16 b II SGB II</strong>, der maximal für 24 Monate von bis zu 175,- € monatlich gewährt werden kann.<br />
<strong>Beide Förderarten werden zusätzlich</strong> zu den Grundzahlungen aus ALG I oder II geleistet.<br />
<strong>2.</strong> Einmalförderung Bei Existenzgründungen aus ALG I und II ist zudem auf eine individuelle Förderung durch eine Kostenübernahme der Leistungsträger für einzelne sinnvolle und unterstützende Maßnahmen durch <strong>Kostenübernahmen nach §§ 16 f SGB II und 10 SGB III</strong> möglich:<br />
In der Regel stellen die Leistungsträger dafür keine Formularanträge, weshalb man diese selbst schriftlich einreichen muss. Wichtig ist, dass man neben diesen Regelleistungen auch noch einen Antrag auf Einmalleistungen stellen kann, also finanzielle Einmalleistungen zur Unterstützung der Existenzgründung. Im Fall einer Selbständigkeitsgründung über<strong> <span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>® könnten daher Kostenübernahmeanträge für folgende Positionen gestellt werden:<br />
<strong>PC / Laptop / Netbook (erste)</strong></p>
<p><strong>PC- Kurse</strong></p>
<p><strong> Digitalkamera &#38;xnbsp</strong></p>
<p><strong>Übernahme der Lizenz- und Ausbildungsgebühren für das erste Jahr von 799,40 €</strong></p>
<p><strong>Skype- Technik ( Kopfhörer – Kamera ) </strong></p>
<p><strong>1. Jahresgebühren für die eigene Domain</strong></p>
<p><strong>Einmalige Jahresgeb. für Geschäftspartnerschaft Japan 98,00 €</strong><br />
<strong>3.</strong> Antragsanlagen. Zur Erläuterung der gewünschten späteren Tätigkeit bei <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>® sollten Sie sich unbedingt aus dem <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>®-Portal folgende Dokumente ausdrucken und Ihrem Antrag als Erläuterung in Kopie beifügen:</p>
<p>Die Geschäftsidee <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>®</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>®-Vision, <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>® hilft Kindern</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span></strong>®-Ausbildung Provisionsplan<br />
<strong>4.</strong> Praktische Tipps. Wenn Sie Ihren Antrag mit allen Anlagen schriftlich abgeben, <strong>lassen Sie sich</strong> bitte immer auf dem Aktendoppel Ihres Anschreibens den <strong>Eingang/die Abgabe des Originals bestätigen</strong>. Sonst können Sie später keinen Zugangsnachweis führen, wenn es heißt:</p>
<p><strong>„Haben wir doch aber gar nicht bekommen…“ </strong></p>
<p>Denkbar ist auch, dass Sie den Antrag mit allen Anlagen <strong>per E-Mail</strong> einreichen, allerdings <strong>nur, wenn Sie die Funktion „Eingangsbestätigung“ nutzen können.</strong> Sollte der jeweilige Leistungsträger über sogenannte Fallmanager verfügen, empfiehlt sich unbedingt den schriftlichen Antrag, die Existenzgründung mit dessen Begleitung vorzubereiten und durchzuführen. Denn in der Regel haben diese Mitarbeiter durch besondere Schulungen oder vorherige eigene<br />
berufliche Tätigkeiten ein breiteres Ausbildungs- und Erfahrungswissen, von dem Existenszgründer profitieren können.<br />
<strong>5.</strong> Weitere Informationen Weitere Detailinfos zu den Themen Existenzgründung und Businessplan können Sie auch auf folgenden Internet-Portalen finden:</p>
<p><a href="www.existenzgründer.de">www.existenzgründer.de</a></p>
<p><a href="www.checkliste.de www.">www.checkliste.de</a></p>
<p><a href="www.gruenderlexikon.de">www.gruenderlexikon.de</a></p>
<p><a href="www.gruenderstadt.de">www.gruenderstadt.de</a><br />
<strong>6. </strong>Fachkundige Stellen:<br />
Sollte Ihre Agentur für Arbeit oder Ihr Jobcenter im Rahmen der von Ihnen geplanten Existenzgründung einen Businessplan und eine Stellungnahme einer Fachkundigen Stelle haben wollen, dann haben Sie mehrere Möglichkeiten: Sie gehen zu einem Steuerberater, der entsprechend spezialisiert ist Sie lassen sich von Ihrer örtlichen IHK einen Fachmann für diese Fragen benennen oder Sie suchen die von der Berliner IHK empfohlene nächste Gschäftsstelle des &#8220;Berliner Beratungsdienstes e.V. im Portal www.bbdev.de für eine kostenlose Erstberatung auf.<br />
<strong>Also, wann werden Sie mit<span style="color:#ff0000;"> Goo</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Lux</span>® Ihr eigener Chef …?</strong></p>
<p>Vor 2 Tagen erhielt einer meiner Teampartner, der mit diesem Bloginhalt zu seinem Jobcneter ging, Unter lagen von einem Existenzgründerseminar, zu dem er verdonnert wurde, um eventuell Zuschüsse zu bekommen. Dies werde ich in den den nächsten Tagen online stellen, dann kann sie sich jeder kopieren, ausdrucken und schon mal Vorabeit leisten so gut er kann.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[blah blah, gaga, einerlei. ]]></title>
<link>http://n0surprisesplease.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/blah-blah-gaga-einerlei/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 15:34:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Madame Schnitz</dc:creator>
<guid>http://n0surprisesplease.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/blah-blah-gaga-einerlei/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Alles ist blah blah: langweilig, papperlapapp und einerlei. Aber das, was nicht  blah blah ist, ist ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:left;">Alles ist <strong>blah blah</strong>: langweilig, papperlapapp und einerlei.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Aber das, was nicht  <strong>blah blah</strong> ist, ist das Gegenteil von diesem. Also alles andere als <strong>blah blah</strong>. Leider ist <strong>alles andere</strong> rar. Nicht leicht zu finden.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><strong>Alles andere</strong> als<strong> blah blah </strong>ist erwähnenswert. In einem Gewirr von<strong> blah blah</strong> zu <em>sein</em>, ist nicht <em>seins</em>wert. Das was sich von &#8220;papperlapapp und einerlei&#8221; abgrenzt, muss gefunden werden.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Hier findet man: Existierendes, welches wert ist erwähnt zu werden. Existierendes, das weder <strong>blah blah</strong>, noch <strong>einerlei </strong>ist. Existierendes, das das Sein <em>seins</em>wert macht.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Anmerkung: Diese Worte müssen so gelesen werden, dass sie zusammenhängend weder <strong>dramatisch</strong>, noch <strong>wichtig</strong> (noch auf irgend erdenkliche Weise ähnlich wie eben beschrieben) klingen. Am besten werden sie <strong>einfach so</strong> gelesen. Also so, dass sie möglichst <strong>banal</strong>, <strong>egal</strong>, <strong>irrelevant</strong>, <strong>blah blah</strong>&#8230; klingen.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Kühe machen Muh...]]></title>
<link>http://davidaguirre.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/kuhe-machen-muh/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 22:39:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>David Imanuel Aguirre Cañar</dc:creator>
<guid>http://davidaguirre.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/kuhe-machen-muh/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8230;Bälle sind rund, Kaffee macht wach, Strom kostet Geld, Handystrahlung macht impotent und ach,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>&#8230;Bälle sind rund, Kaffee macht wach, Strom kostet Geld, Handystrahlung macht impotent und ach, all das was so festgelegt ist.</p>
<p>Aber was ist rund? Was ist wach? Und gibt es überhaupt Geld.</p>
<p>Immer diese Fragen zur Nacht &#8211; diese Grundlegenden Existenzfragen. Was wäre wenn das nicht die Realität ist.</p>
<p>Ich grübel noch eine Runde und wenn ich zu interessanten, weltbewegenden Erkenntnissen komme update ich den Post nochmal.</p>
<p>Bis dahin, gute Nacht und auf morgen einen guten Dienstag.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Wie Sie kostenlos mehr Interessenten für Ihr Geschäft gewinnen!]]></title>
<link>http://feriengeld.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/die-mlm-erfolgs-formel/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 12:40:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>feriengeld</dc:creator>
<guid>http://feriengeld.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/die-mlm-erfolgs-formel/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Meine besondere Empfehlung! Ein Online-Marketing-Konzept zum gewinnen von Kunden und Geschäftspartne]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Meine besondere Empfehlung! Ein Online-Marketing-Konzept zum gewinnen von Kunden und Geschäftspartnern.  Diese Methode ist sehr einfach in der Umsetzung und für jedes MLM-Geschäft geeignet. Ein fertiges Marketingsystem mit allem was Sie brauchen um Geschäftsinteressenten kostenlos zu generieren, bis hin zu dem Punkt, wo sich der Interessent bei Ihnen meldet.</p>
<p><a title="MLM-Erfolg-Formel" href="http://www.mlm-erfolgs-formel.com/cap/?a_aid=e580aa54" target="_blank"><img title="MLM-Erfolgs-Formel" src="http://www.mlm-success-formula.com/pap4/accounts/default1/banners/MLMEF_Banner_250x250_2-1.png" alt="MLM-Erfolgs-Formel" /></a><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.mlm-success-formula.com/pap4/scripts/imp.php?a_aid=e580aa54&#38;a_bid=8bc3dfa7" alt="" width="1" height="1" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Sinn des Lebens]]></title>
<link>http://anni1990.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/sinn-des-lebens/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 23:05:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Anni</dc:creator>
<guid>http://anni1990.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/sinn-des-lebens/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Der Sinn des Lebens… Eine Sache über die ich mir in letzter Zeit viele Gedanken gemacht habe. Nicht ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Der Sinn des Lebens… Eine Sache über die ich mir in letzter Zeit viele Gedanken gemacht habe. Nicht weil ich irgendwelche depressiven Neigungen habe, sondern einfach weil ich es interessant finde darüber nachzudenken. Meiner Meinung nach gibt es ihn nicht. Also den übergeordneten Sinn für das Phänomen Leben. Natürlich kann jeder sich seinen eigenen Sinn „erschaffen“ bzw. Dinge erstreben, die seinem Leben einen Sinn geben. Jeder tut das, wenn auch unterbewusst, einfach um in seinem Leben möglichst viel Glück zu erleben auch ohne konkret einen Sinn zu erfassen. Aber das meine ich nicht. Was ist der Sinn allen Lebens, der Sinn des Existierens von Leben, der Sinn der Erde, der Sinn des Universums? Für mich gibt es ihn nicht. Was für einen Unterschied würde es machen, wenn es das alles nicht gäbe?</p>
<p>Man könnte jetzt natürlich sagen, Leben ist da, um es weiterzuführen, um Nachkommen zu zeugen, um erlernte Dinge und Gedanken an die folgenden Generationen weiterzugeben. Aber auch das hat im Großen und Ganzen betrachtet keinen Sinn. Denn alles Leben ist einmal zu Ende und danach bleibt nichts mehr.</p>
<p>Jeder lebt vor sich hin, man geht zur Schule, um später eine Arbeit zu finden, dann geht man zur Arbeit, um zu überleben, dann geht man in Rente und stirbt irgendwann. Zwischendurch bekommt man vielleicht noch Kinder, für sein eigenes Glück, aber hauptsächlich von der Natur aus gesehen, um seine Art zu erhalten. Aber was hat das Ganze dann gebracht, wenn man schließlich stirbt und von einem nichts weiter bleibt als Erinnerungen. Vor allem werden auch diese Erinnerungen irgendwann zu Ende gehen, spätestens wenn jeder der einen kannte tot ist. Die Erinnerungen an einige Personen bleibt vielleicht länger erhalten, weil sie etwas &#8220;weltbewegendes&#8221; für die Allgemeinheit sinnvolles während ihrer Lebzeit getan haben. Aber auch das spielt eigentlich keine Rolle, denn wozu das alles? Den einzigen Sinn den ich vielleicht sehe ist die Existenz des Lebens selbst. Obwohl ich mich damit eigentlich nicht zufrieden geben kann, weil das ja kein Ziel verfolgt.</p>
<p>Naja, solange ich überlege, ich komme einfach auf kein Ergebnis, außer dass es keinen Sinn gibt.</p>
<p>Meinem Leben an sich schadet das nicht wirklich, da ich einfach wie die meisten Leute auch, vor mich hinlebe, versuche möglichst glücklich zu sein und während der meisten Zeit einfach nicht darüber nachzudenken.</p>
<p>Aber mich würde trotzdem mal interessieren, was andere Leute so darüber denken&#8230;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[La estética del error de Hisae Ikenaga.]]></title>
<link>http://nicolamariani.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/la-estetica-del-error-de-hisae-ikenaga/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 15:41:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Nicola Mariani</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nicolamariani.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/la-estetica-del-error-de-hisae-ikenaga/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sistema métrico/Malformaciones. Exposición personal de Hisae Ikenaga: Galería Formato Comodo. C/ Lop]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Sistema métrico/Malformaciones. Exposición personal de Hisae Ikenaga: Galería Formato Comodo. C/ Lop]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Du kannst die Wohlfühldiktatur nicht ändern!]]></title>
<link>http://jazariel.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/du-kannst-die-wohlfuhldiktatur-nicht-andern/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 03:03:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jazariel</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jazariel.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/du-kannst-die-wohlfuhldiktatur-nicht-andern/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Seit Generationen zwingen wir uns gegenseitig innerhalb eines globalen Wettbewerbs gegeneinander um ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Seit Generationen zwingen wir uns gegenseitig innerhalb eines globalen Wettbewerbs gegeneinander um Profite, Gehälter, Karrieren, Status usw. zu kämpfen. Das Leben von uns, unseren Eltern, deren Eltern und deren Eltern und so weiter ist nichts weiter als ständiger Kampf, jeder ist der Feind und daher muss jedem Menschen misstraut werden. </p>
<p>Es gibt keine Alternative, die Alternativen sind gescheitert, wir können uns nur im permanenten Wettbewerb gegenseitig zerfleischen und alljene die dafür zu schwach sind oder das einfach nicht mitmachen wollen haben eben zu verrecken! Das ist Kapitalismus, das ist Marktwirtschaft, politisch u.a. durch unser demokratisches System, in welchem wir zwischen Pest und Cholera &#8220;wählen&#8221;, legitimiert. </p>
<p>Laut Ansicht von Generationen, also hunderten von Millionen von Menschen, ist die bestmögliche Freiheit in dieser Welt die Wahl zwischen Pepsi und Cola, die bestmögliche Freiheit ist 1 Monat Urlaub bei 11 Monaten Arbeit, ist 1 Milliarde Menschen in Hunger, während andere Menschen in ihrem Fett erkranken und erdrückt werden. Arbeit und Konsum die perfekte Harmonie auf dem Weg zur Freiheit! Alljene die das hinterfragen sind arbeitsscheue Schmarotzer die man zur Arbeit peitschen sollte!</p>
<p>Ist es nicht merkwürdig, wenn andere täglich 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 ja teilweise sogar 20 Stunden arbeiten und trotzdem nicht reich werden? Das ist halt so, daran ist nichts merkwürdig.</p>
<p>Ist es nicht merkwürdig, wenn andere innerhalb von 1 Jahr hunderte Millionen Euro verdienen, obwohl sie täglich sehr viel weniger Stunden arbeiten? Das ist halt so, daran ist nichts merkwürdig.</p>
<p>Ist es nicht merkwürdig, seit 60 Jahren Demokratie nur verwaltet, ignoriert und verarscht zu werden, statt befreit zu werden von menschlichen Illusionen, Gewalt und Ausbeutung? Das ist halt so, daran ist nichts merkwürdig. </p>
<p><strong><br />
Alles was meine Familie zu meinen Gedanken sagen kann: Das ist halt so. Es war schon immer so. Du kannst es nicht ändern. Mach etwas vernünftiges, geh arbeiten, so kann Dich immerhin keiner als asozial beschimpfen! </strong></p>
<p>Aber gleichzeitig soll ich zusehen wie meine Familie und Milliarden andere Menschen sich zu tode arbeiten und kaum etwas vom Leben haben! Ich soll einfach so tun als sei alles so, wie man es mir von Geburt an vorgelebt und gelehrt hat. Ich soll versuchen ein glücklicher Sklave zu werden und Ausbeutung als höhere Gewalt, für die niemand verantwortlich ist, akzeptieren. </p>
<p>Man sagt mir ich wäre ein Träumer, Teil einer Sekte und ich soll aufhören mir einzubilden ich sei ein idealistischer Messiahs der das Paradies auf Erden schaffen kann. Soetwas bekomme ich zuhören wenn ich Zustände nicht ertragen kann und diese anspreche! Es scheint für diese Menschen eine Qual zu sein, darauf hingewiesen zu werden, dass sie ihre Möglichkeiten zur grundsätzlichen Veränderung der Gesellschaft nicht genutzt haben. Und damit meine ich ganz klar Revolution, damit verbundenen Generalstreik, Selbstorganisation in völliger Gewaltlosigkeit. </p>
<p>Politiker, Bosse, Bonzen müssen entmachtet werden und dazu gehört nunmal die völlig Auflösung der jetzigen Praktizierung der unterdrückenden Ideologien und Institutionen. Dieses muss natürlich friedlich geschehen, dieses muss mit dem entsprechenden Bewusstsein der Massen geschehen, sonst wird alles dahingehende weitgehend scheitern. Daher ist es dringend erforderlich Theorien zu entwickeln und in der Praxis zu erproben. Genau dieses tue ich in Berlin und werde dafür nicht einmal von meiner Familie gelobt oder unterstützt, &#8211; stattdessen diese Phrasen ich hätte durchgedreht und würde ja nur so leben weil ich faul wäre!</p>
<p>Dabei ist das völliger Irrsinn, &#8211; ich tue mir im Gegenteil sehr viel mehr Arbeit an als viele andere Arbeiter die sich brav in das Heer der Arbeiter einreihen, &#8211; denn ich kämpfe gegen sämtliche Fronten der Zivilisation, die durch die Ignoranz und Dekadenz entstanden sind. Keiner will seine Lebensweise hinterfragt haben, daher hat sich jeder einen gewissen Panzer zugelegt und diesen aufzulösen ist eigentlich eine Lebensaufgabe und bedarf unheimliches Wissen, Beharrlichkeit und Idealismus. Inwieweit man so überleben kann, erprobe ich gerade. Aber es ist alles andere als Faulheit, so zu leben. Es ist hochgradig unangenehm, aber notwendig, weil es keine Alternative gibt, als Aktivismus gegen diese Zustände! Und ich fordere jeden dazu auf, seine im Alltag aufkommenden Gedanken und Gefühle exakt wahrzunehmen, deren Quelle nachzugehen, vielleicht erhaltet ihr dann eine ähnliche Motivation wie ich.</p>
<p>Die Kriege zwischen Nationen, Konzernen, Haushalten, Individuen sind es die die Menschen reihenweise leiden und zerstören lassen. Diese Kriege beruhen zurzeit, also seit einigen Jahrhunderten, auf Ängsten, u.a. der Angst &#8220;zu kurz zu kommen&#8221;. Jeder fürchtet sich vor irgendetwas und braucht die Unterstützung anderer Menschen, auch wenn es um wesentlich grundlegendere Bedürfnisse wie Nahrung, Kleidung, Lebensraum und so weiter geht, brauchen wir die Unterstützung anderer Menschen. </p>
<p>Es ist doch absolut logisch das jeder Mensch gewisse Rechte hat, die ab seiner Geburt in Kraft treten und erst enden wenn er gestorben ist. Warum kämpfen wir nicht um diese Rechte und die Durchsetzung der Rechte? Warum nehmen wir unseren Schmerz einfach hin, &#8211; der übrigens vorallem aus der gesellschaftlichen Unterdrückung und Ausbeutung resultiert?</p>
<p>Kooperation statt Konkurrenzkampf, das ist mein Wunsch und meine Forderung an alle. Es gibt bereits Kooperationen, oft meist kapitalistischer Art oder vom &#8220;Sozialstaat&#8221; ausgehend, &#8211; aber das sind rein oberflächliche Zugeständnisse die nicht ausreichen um das Leben tatsächlich qualitativ zu verbessern.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Stockholm Syndrome: a Hegemonic Strategy.]]></title>
<link>http://mediacon.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/stockholm-syndrome-a-hegemonic-strategy/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 20:39:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mediacon</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mediacon.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/stockholm-syndrome-a-hegemonic-strategy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This week has some interesting elements involving how a narratively starved culture is ripe for visu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>This week has some interesting elements involving how a narratively starved culture is ripe for visual/physical over-stimulation and hungry for distraction. As explored in <a title="imdb" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1034032/" target="_blank">Gamer </a>(Neveldine-Taylor, 2009), <a title="imdb" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120907/" target="_blank">eXistenZ</a> (Cronenberg, 1999), and <a title="imdb" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/" target="_blank">The Matrix</a> (Wachowski, 1999), the level of engagement with cyberspace causes the physical body to atrophy and become weakened. <em>Gamer</em> presents game-users diets as a white-bread and sugar spread regime, which also shows us a womb-like setting as the environment of game-console interaction. The absence of nutrition and exercise makes it easy for apathy to set-in and like a drug addict&#8217;s chase for the next &#8216;high&#8217;, as in <em>eXistenZ</em>, the game-users have to find a cheap hotel to setup-in for a few days to &#8216;plug-in&#8217;. All three of these films, and <a title="imdb" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086541/" target="_blank">Videodrome</a> (Cronenberg, 1983), associate female reproductive organs to game-console interaction. This level of external forces, penetrating or surrounding the user, allows for outside forces to easily influence and control the flesh/mind of users. <em>Gamer</em> shows us a humorous dance sequence where the creator of the &#8216;nano-technology&#8217;, which is how remote control is possible,  acts as a puppet-master over his dance/fighting troop which seeks to prevent the protagonist from reuniting with his family and exposing the truth about the unbridled use of the &#8216;nano-bots&#8217;. The line between game-environment and real life is blurred and incites us to consider &#8212; as Lia M. Hotchkiss&#8217;s book <a title="Project muse" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_velvet_light_trap/v052/52.1hotchkiss.html" target="_blank">&#8220;Still in the Game&#8217;: Cybertransformations of the &#8220;New Flesh&#8221; in David Cronenberg&#8217;s <em>eXistenZ</em></a> &#8212; that the connection to the cyber-medium goes beyond formal perceptions of an &#8216;on/off&#8217; button.</p>
<p><a title="vimeo" href="http://www.vimeo.com/5204772" target="_blank">http://www.vimeo.com/5204772</a></p>
<p>Hotchkiss explores &#8220;the transformation of human experience: on the one hand, they seem attracted to the capabilities of new communications technologies but, on the other, evince suspicion of the corporate interests being served by the promulgation of those new technologies.&#8221; (p. 18) The naive positivist, of technological advance, fall prey to manipulation too easily and yet I still believe that grass-roots approach of communication technologies wins &#8212; over the narratively starved,  apathetic, spectacle junkie. Interesting how Hotchkiss uses the <a title="Cronenberg" href="http://www.davidcronenberg.de/cr_rushd.htm" target="_blank">1995 Cronenberg interview</a>, with Salmon Rushdie, to parallel video game design creation with religious doctrine creation as a fictional endeavor. Notions of divine inspiration are put into doubt and the &#8220;divine word becomes a human construction&#8221;, which works to destabilize any interpretations, for that matter, surrounding the real and the virtual as &#8220;life itself is a hybrid of the real and the representational&#8221; (p. 29). Technophobes and tech-addicts both are shackled to their ideologies just as any religious sects or secular mindsets defend theirs. However, the corporate agenda preys on all divisive environments and sells to both sides. The ultimate distraction is one that lives inside or wholly surrounds the subject and impregnates its ideology into the host, just as the films discussed above make it difficult to see the line &#8212; the actual cable connection and the dividing line: real/representational.</p>

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<title><![CDATA[kaputt]]></title>
<link>http://kopfgefickt.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/kaputt/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 10:33:01 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kopfgefickt</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kopfgefickt.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/kaputt/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8230; bin ich heute. mal wieder habe ich ein tief abgewehrt, aber jedes zehrt mehr kraft, jedes ve]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>&#8230; bin ich heute. mal wieder habe ich ein tief abgewehrt, aber jedes zehrt mehr kraft, jedes verlangt mehr aufmerksamkeit. die therapie wühlt mehr auf, als ich gebrauchen kann. zweimal wöchentlich quirle ich in meinem gefickten kopf. zweimal wöchentlich zerre ich mehr gespenster aus der vergangenheit nach oben. und es werden so immer mehr von ihnen. leider habe ich keine ghostbusters, die sie einfangen könnten. und so spuken sie herum, halten mich vom denken ab, lassen mich meine konzentration vergessen, bringen mich dazu, dass ich gerade wieder hier blogge statt geld zu verdienen.</p>
<p>immer mehr sehe ich, dass es mir nichts bringt, in dieser starre zu verharren, dass ich weitergehen will. allein finde ich keinen weg, mit meiner therapeutin aber auch nicht. sie kann oder will mir keinen weg zeigen, sie will, dass ich ihn allein finde. aber ich kann nicht mehr suchen. ich weiß nicht mehr, wo ich ansetzen soll. ich brauche hilfe, nicht nur organisatorisch, sondern konkret. ich brauche ein: &#8220;versuch mal diesen weg, da vorn ist eine kreuzung, wenn der weg dir nicht hilft, bieg einfach rechts oder links ab. aber geh los.&#8221;</p>
<p>ich brauche ganz konkret:</p>
<ul>
<li>motivation</li>
<li>konzentration</li>
<li>GELD</li>
<li>techniken</li>
</ul>
<p>die motivation ist theoretisch da, nur wird sie von der fehlenden konzentration weggewischt. es hilft mir nicht, mir zu sagen, dass ich daran nicht selbst schuld bin, sondern depressionen einfach arschlöcher sind, die das mit einem machen. denn diese erkenntnis bringt kein geld auf mein konto. darum brauche ich techniken, um das zu umgehen.</p>
<p>ob ich diese in einer auf psychoanalyse angelegten therapie finden werde, weiß ich nicht, aber mein gefühl sagt nein. momentan bin ich schon genervt, wenn ich bei ihr ankomme, weil ich weiß, dass wieder nur gequatscht wird. ich fühle mich auch langsam nicht mehr ernstgenommen. sie weiß um die konsequenzen, die die depression finanziell mir schon gebracht haben, und trotzdem ist sie nicht willens oder in der lage, mir da konkret zu helfen.</p>
<p>wenn ich aus der sitzung komme, brauche ich erstmal oft stunden, manchmal auch tage, um wieder mit mir klarzukommen und einigermaßen arbeitsfähig zu sein. diese stunden und tage fehlen mir jeden monat in der bilanz. das weiß sie, ich habe es ihr gesagt. und doch: nichts. nur fragen wie: &#8220;kennen sie diese existenzängste? hatten sie das schon mal?&#8221; oder &#8220;dürfen sie erfolgreich sein?&#8221;. das sind fragen, die mir nicht helfen. sie machen mich eher noch verzweifelter und lassen das gedankenkarussel wieder anspringen und damit den kreislauf der prokrastination und damit die spirale nach unten und damit das schlechtfühlen und damit&#8230;.</p>
<p>so kann es nicht weitergehen. es muss eine andere lösung geben. ideen und kommentare sind gern gesehen.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[bergauf?]]></title>
<link>http://kopfgefickt.wordpress.com/2009/11/04/bergauf/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2009 08:59:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kopfgefickt</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kopfgefickt.wordpress.com/2009/11/04/bergauf/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[das leben von uns depris ist ja nicht so leicht. nein, ich will nicht jammern. das passt nicht zu mi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>das leben von uns depris ist ja nicht so leicht. nein, ich will nicht jammern. das passt nicht zu mir im moment. denn es scheint bergauf zu gehen. nicht nur, dass ich verliebt bin und diesem einen tag entgegenfiebere (noch 37 tage!). nein auch beruflich geht es aufwärts. gestern konnte ich einen kunden akquirieren, der nicht nur den von mir geforderten stundensatz ohne zu murren zahlt, sondern der auftrag wird außerdem dafür sorgen, dass mein name in käuflichen printmedien, kostenlosen mitgaben und online erscheint. also wieder eine referenz mehr für mich, wieder ein neues verkaufsargument bei den nächsten kunden.</p>
<p>außerdem habe ich beschlossen, meine finanziellen unzulänglichkeiten endlich mal aufzuräumen. leider wird das ohne kredit nicht möglich sein, dafür zahle ich dann allerdings nur noch eine rate an eine bank statt 10 raten an 10 verschiedene stellen und es kommen keine stundingszinsen hinzu. nicht, dass ich mich mit einem kaufrausch dorthin manövriert hätte, wo ich jetzt bin. ich war lange arbeitslos und bin ein schmales portemonnaie gewöhnt. auch in der studienzeit schwimmt man ja nicht gerade im geld. aber die jobcentermitarbeiter sind offenbar sowohl in meiner alten stadt als auch in meiner neuen nicht in der lage, aus allen unterlagen, die ihnen vorliegen, das richtige zu berechnen. und dann kommt irgendwann ein brief: april april, sie haben dann und dann das und das geld bekommen und das war zuviel gezahlt. zwar unser fehler, aber bügeln sie das mal aus. bis vorgestern wäre schön. wenn man dann wie ich im dezember eine rate á 25 euro nicht bezahlen kann, wird direkt mit dem gerichtsvollzieher gedroht.</p>
<p>als ich in die selbstständigkeit ging und voll ausgebucht war, lief alles super. ich zog um und konnte selbst neben meinem normalen alltag meine kaution abzahlen, immerhin 1250 euro und noch einen monat 350 euro für die küche. bis dahin lief das super. aber dann kam die depression, mit ihr die demotivation, dann sprangen kunden ab, die aufträge wurden weniger, ich kam nicht einmal mehr auf das mindestmaß dessen, was ich hätte verdienen können und puff: stehe ich am ende des dispos.</p>
<p>das letzte, was ich im moment gebrauchen kann, sind noch mehr baustellen. daher muss diese beendet werden. also: termin bei der schuldnerberatung, kredit aufnehmen, alles glatt machen, bei null anfangen. wenn das hinter mir liegt, werde ich mich wohler fühlen.</p>
<p>es fühlt sich gut an, das leben in die hand zu nehmen.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Rezension: J.B.O. - I don't like Metal - I love it!]]></title>
<link>http://wolfrevo.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/rezension-j-b-o-i-dont-like-metal-i-love-it/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 19:34:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>WolfRevo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wolfrevo.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/rezension-j-b-o-i-dont-like-metal-i-love-it/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Wahnsinn: eine Neuheit für mein Blog! Ich schreibe eine Rezension über ein Album. Und da das Blog ei]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Wahnsinn: eine Neuheit für mein Blog! Ich schreibe eine Rezension über ein Album. Und da das Blog ei]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Network-Legende Hagen Horst startet beim Weltverlag]]></title>
<link>http://millionaere.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/network-legende-hagen-horst-startet-beim-weltverlag/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2009 08:45:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>millionaere</dc:creator>
<guid>http://millionaere.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/network-legende-hagen-horst-startet-beim-weltverlag/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Gute Konzepte erzeugen Sog, so auch das Geschäftsmodell der Weltverlag Aktiengesellschaft. Wer die S]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p> Gute Konzepte erzeugen Sog, so auch das Geschäftsmodell der Weltverlag Aktiengesellschaft. Wer die Schlagzeilen der Network-Medien in den vergangenen Monaten verfolgt hat, dem dürfte nicht entgangen sein, dass sich bereits einige sehr bekannte Führungskräfte der Network-Branche dem Unternehmen angeschlossen und hier einen neuen Heimathafen gefunden haben.</p>
<p>Hagen Horst, der bereits zu Lebzeiten als Network-Legende gilt und zu den bekanntesten Führungskräften der Branche zählt, sagt über den Weltverlag: „Ein derart professionelles Management und einen solchen Karriereplan habe ich in meiner gesamten Laufbahn noch nie gesehen. Das Weltverlag-Geschäftsmodell wird mit Sicherheit einige Milliardenmärkte revolutionieren. Hierzu wird auch der Direktvertrieb gehören,“ so Horst.</p>
<p>Aber nicht nur ein Top-Networker wie Hagen Horst, der innerhalb der Branche über eine Fangemeinde von zigtausenden Networkern verfügt, ist vom Weltverlag-Marketingkonzept begeistert. Im Hintergrund sind bereits eine Reihe ebenfalls bekannter Networkgrößen beim Weltverlag eingestiegen, deren Geschichten wir bislang aus Diskretionsgründen noch nicht veröffentlicht haben. Beachten Sie hierzu auch unsere weiteren Pressemitteilungen und Anzeigenkampagnen in den bekannten Medien aus der Network-Marketing-Branche.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Gewalt einmal anders]]></title>
<link>http://paradiesstaub.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/gewalt-einmal-anders/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 11:12:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Paradiesstaub</dc:creator>
<guid>http://paradiesstaub.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/gewalt-einmal-anders/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Mit Gewalt richtig umzugehen ist wichtig. Alles ist Gewallt. Es gibt positive und negative Gewalt. Z]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --><span style="font-size:medium;">Mit Gewalt richtig umzugehen ist wichtig.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Alles ist Gewallt.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Es gibt positive und negative Gewalt.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Zu viel von der einen Form, noch von der anderen ist gut.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">In beiden Fällen nimmt sie sich, was ihr nicht gehört.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="en-US"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Zuwenig Gewalt ist nicht förderlich.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Gewalt ist Interaktion.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Jedes Lebewesen hat durch seine bloße Existenz ein Recht auf Gewalt.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:medium;">Jedes Lebewesen übt von Anfang an Gewalt aus.</span></p>
<p>﻿</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Abraham Lincoln]]></title>
<link>http://wolfrevo.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/abraham-lincoln/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 22:20:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>WolfRevo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://wolfrevo.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/abraham-lincoln/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must no]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must no]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Existenzgründung easy]]></title>
<link>http://micha101.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/existenzgrundung-easy/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 18:11:04 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Michael</dc:creator>
<guid>http://micha101.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/existenzgrundung-easy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[So arbeiten Sie von Anfang an profitabel und erfolgreich Was zeichnet einen guten und wertvollen Lei]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[So arbeiten Sie von Anfang an profitabel und erfolgreich Was zeichnet einen guten und wertvollen Lei]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Wer ist Hose und warum ist er nichtmehr da?]]></title>
<link>http://hosenwelt.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/wer-ist-hose-und-warum-ist-er-nichtmehr-da/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2009 15:34:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Hose</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hosenwelt.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/wer-ist-hose-und-warum-ist-er-nichtmehr-da/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ich bin Hose und warum bin ich nichtmehr da? Umgezogen und kein Internet ..jaaa, so läuft das. Da zi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Ich bin Hose und warum bin ich nichtmehr da?</p>
<p>Umgezogen und kein Internet ..jaaa, so läuft das. Da zieht man in ne Superduper Wohnung und nach 2 Tagen Kram reintragen, Möbelschleppen und neuen Toilettendeckel und Duschkopf installieren fällt einem auf, dass der Telefonanschluss wohl irgendwo unter dem weißen Nirvana der wohl schönsten Raufasertapete der Welt verschwunden ist. BAM. &#8220;in your face&#8221; sagte die Tapete und der Typ an der Kundenhotline der Telekom, als er mir den wohl teuersten Vertrag der Welt aufschwatzen wollte. 1&#38;1 macht dasselbe letztendlich für 30 Tacken, aber ich muss bis zum 27. warten .. ._.&#8221;&#8217; Naja .. EGAL. Hauptsache danach hab ich Internet und Festnetz .. meine Güte, was ein Terror. Ohne Internet fühlt man sich total abgeschottet von der Welt, total einsam und verlassen .. bah. Dafür hatte ich unglaublich viel &#8220;Reallife&#8221;. Trotz Umzug war ich vielleicht jeden Tag so 20 Minuten zuhause und dann schon wieder weg. Bilder vom BlackBerry, der mein ständiger Begleiter ist/war, folgend demnächst, mit dem nächsten Blogeintrag ;&#8217;)</p>
<p>Nicht nur mein BlackBerry &#8211; sondern auch Twitter war mein ständiger Begleiter, so bekam ich von <a href="http://twitter.com/weizenspreu" target="_blank">@weizenspreu</a> das Blogstöckchen zugeworfen, was auch seine Beantwortung finden wird!</p>
<p>Zudem wird man meine abenteuerlichen Erlebnisse mit dem &#8220;blau.de&#8221;-Internetstick zu lesen bekommen, die aufhörten, bevor sie begannen, denn ich bin immernoch ohne Internet und blogge von meinem alten Zimmer aus &#8211; was übrigens ne recht schöne Abstellkammer geworden ist.</p>
<p>Desweiteren schlage ich mich mit Stundenplan-erstellung und Uni-sch.. rum. Lustige Sache, ich glaube dieser ganze Schrott ist viel schwerer und komplizierter als das ganze Studium. Nachdem ich meinen Stundenplan 10 mal falsch gemacht habe und zwar so, dass es gar nicht sein kann (30+ Überschneidungen .. ?! oder alles gelb = alles Vorlersungen .. ?!). Ein Hoch auf die heutige Technik, wer auch immer dieses Online-System programmierte war ein verdammter Sadist! Hätte ich das vorher gewusst hätte ich alles daran gesetzt nicht studieren zu müssen. Ich bin von Natur aus ein gestresster und hektischer Mensch, aber diese auch noch fristgerecht geplante Scheiße muss ich mir echt nicht antun. Kein Wunder, dass die Menschen immer dummer (ACHTUNG! Absicht!!) werden &#8211; ist ja auch viel bequemer. Warum soll ich mich eigentlich anstrengen und rumknobeln, damit der Staat mir Zugang zum Lernen ermöglicht? Wikipedia ist da einfacher, sorry. Wiki 1:0 Uni.</p>
<p>Weiterhin bin ich leider bis zum 27. wohl nur per SMS, E-Mail und Twitter zu erreichen :/ Nagut, immerhin das.</p>
<p>Mal schaun, was noch so kommen wird, ihr dürft gerne kommentieren, das kann ich nämlich vom BlackBerry aus mitlesen <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' />  Nur so einen langen Text schreibe ich ungerne auf dem kleinen Display, das ist mir zu unübersichtlich und die Tasten auf Dauer nicht bequem genug^^</p>
<p>Sooo, fühlt sich gut an, endlich mal wieder gebloggt zu haben. Bis hoffentlich bald <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Verdoppeln Sie Ihr Einkommen!]]></title>
<link>http://info1a.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/verdoppeln-sie-ihr-einkommen/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2009 09:41:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>info1a</dc:creator>
<guid>http://info1a.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/verdoppeln-sie-ihr-einkommen/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Holen Sie sich jetzt ein Vermögen &#8230; anstatt sich nur mit Cent&#8217;s zu begnügen! http://www.]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Holen Sie sich jetzt ein Vermögen &#8230;</strong></p>
<div><strong>anstatt sich nur mit Cent&#8217;s zu begnügen!</strong></div>
<div><span style="color:#00008b;"><strong><a href="http://www.verdienen.htu.biz/">http://www.Verdienen.htu.biz</a></strong></span></div>
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