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	<title>homo-sapiens &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/homo-sapiens/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "homo-sapiens"</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 17:50:10 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[La Rosa Oriental]]></title>
<link>http://poetahumilde.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/la-rosa-oriental/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 10:37:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>finn</dc:creator>
<guid>http://poetahumilde.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/la-rosa-oriental/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[“Yo soy la rosa oriental Para arrancarme de aquí Un son sabroso de Oriente Tiene que tocarme a mí…” ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>“Yo soy la rosa oriental</p>
<p>Para arrancarme de aquí</p>
<p>Un son sabroso de Oriente</p>
<p>Tiene que tocarme a mí…”</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>Tren nacional, destino: Santiago de Cuba.</p>
<p>Hemos estado parados en mitad de la isla ni sé por cuántas horas. En mi vagón no hay corriente y todos los hombres se han quitado las camisas, las mujeres se acomodan los rolos y se abanican con los baberos de los niños.</p>
<p>El tren echa a andar otra vez y todos vitorean. A lo largo de las ventanas grandes pasan las palmas reales a toda velocidad, de vez en cuando un bohío, unas vacas, unos perros corriendo tras  unos niños.</p>
<p>Mi papá y yo vamos al final del vagón, allí hay  tres hombres, campesinos. Están apoyados al borde de la puerta y mirando hacia fuera, uno se vira y le dice a mi papá: ¨ya estamos llegando a La Tierra, cará…¨</p>
<p>Mi infancia echó todas sus raíces en Santiago de Cuba, en Pastorita. Treinta casas colindan con el comienzo de El Caney, donde los mangos y todas las otras frutas son reinas jugosas. Allí vivíamos.</p>
<p>Mis recuerdos de Santiago tienen calor y no hablo de la temperatura, sino del alma santiaguera, que es cálida. Recuerdo en particular la casa de Pilar, una amiga entrañable de la familia que vivía en el centro. En su casa siempre había mucha gente, los vecinos irrumpían como pájaros ruidosos y sedientos de café, consejo, consuelo, agua fría, alguna ropa, pintura de uña, ajo, sal… palabras…</p>
<p>La conversación sobre el café de chícharo colado se extendía y retoñaba con el cuento o la opinión del próximo vecino.</p>
<p>En Santiago se siente como que tu casa no es privada, sino que tu vecino tiene parte de ella. Y si a ello te resistes…buena suerte….</p>
<p>La gente pierde el nombre para ser ¨mijo, mija, comadre, chuchi, pupi, papito…¨ y así todos las formas que usa la confianza y/o el cariño.</p>
<p>Un santiaguero te pediría una buena conga y una cervecita fría. Recuerdo una noche de carnaval en la azotea de Pilar, yo era muy niña y nunca antes había visto una conga. Mis padres estaban allá de fiesta y me llamaron:</p>
<p>-¡corre,corre, ven a ver!</p>
<p>Yo corrí por las escaleras y antes de entrar a la azotea algo me paró en seco. Era como un sonido sordo -hijo de los temblores de las montañas santiagueras- que me entró por las piernas y se me coló impetuoso en el pecho y ahí se quedó, sofocándome. Llegué hasta la baranda y lo que vi todavía llena hoy mis ojos: una masa compacta humana se movía toda junta, como la más perfecta amalgama, los hombres sin camisa sudaban y las mujeres les bailaban delante, todos estaban como en celo, en celo por el repique del tambor, la cadera suelta… la vida les corría como un tren despavorido.</p>
<p>Iban cantando lo que aun recuerdo:</p>
<p>¨¡Bueno día sú mercé, Liberato etá loco!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[ZDFneo - ZDF.de]]></title>
<link>http://advocatusdeorum.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/zdfneo-zdf-de/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 01:35:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Gerhard Altenhoff</dc:creator>
<guid>http://advocatusdeorum.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/zdfneo-zdf-de/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[ZDFneo &#8211; ZDF.de. Sorry, liebe Leute, nicht Darwin war der größte Ketzer aller Zeiten, er hat i]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://neo.zdf.de/ZDFde/inhalt/1/0,1872,7620929_idDispatch:9157054,00.html">ZDFneo &#8211; ZDF.de</a>.</p>
<p>Sorry, liebe Leute, nicht Darwin war der größte Ketzer aller Zeiten, er hat ihm nur den Weg gebahnt.</p>
<p>Darwin hat das Bild gemacht, &#8211; daran besteht kein Zweifel.</p>
<p>Aus seiner Zeit heraus mußte es ein &#8220;Negativ&#8221; sein. &#8211; Darwin kannte die &#8220;soziale Wirklichkeit&#8221; des Charles Dickens, in dem jeder, der nicht der &#8220;Upper Class&#8221; angehörte, Tag für Tag um sein Überleben kämpfen mußte.</p>
<p>Kein Wunder also, daß Darwin seine Erfahrungen in die Natur projizierte.</p>
<p>Wir tun dasselbe heute auch noch: Der Sprachgebrauch in Berichten über die Evolution ist militaristisch, unsere sozialen Bedingungen nähern sich dem frühen 19. Jahrhundert erneut an.</p>
<p>Der Gepard, ein schneller, gnadenloser Jäger! &#8211; Fragezeichen! Drehen Sie das Bild einfach einmal um:</p>
<p>Die Gazelle &#8211; eine gnadenlose Gepardenkinderkillerin? &#8211; So sieht es aus, wenn eine Gazelle einer Gepardin davonrennt und deren Kinder mangels Beute verhungern müssen.</p>
<p>Nicht der Jäger &#8220;dominiert&#8221; die Beute. Umgekehrt wird ein Schuh draus. Wer von Pflanzen lebt, kann sich glücklich schätzen, denn diese laufen nicht davon. Wer aber auf die Jagd angewiesen ist, der muß mit dem zufrieden sein, was er erwischen kann. &#8211; Und das ist wenig genug.</p>
<p>&#8220;Tyrannosaurus Rex&#8221; hat niemals die Erde beherrscht. &#8211; Er lebte von den Kadavern, die irgendwo herumlungerten. &#8211; Entgegen anderslautenden Berichten war er kein furchterregender Jäger. Mit seinen lächerlichen Ärmchen hätte er kein Beutetier festhalten können. Seine nächsten Verwandten, die Vögel, haben in der &#8220;Jagdvariante&#8221; samt und sonders leistungsfähige Greiforgange. &#8211; Geier aber nicht. Die Vögel, die sich bei der Beutejagd einzig auf ihren Schnabel verlassen, fressen Insekten. &#8211; Ich kenne keinen Biologen, de unseren guten alten T. Rex jemals einen Insektenfresser genannt hätte.</p>
<p>Vom Standpunkt unserer Mitaffen aus gesehen, haben wir ähnlich lächerliche Ärmchen wie T. Rex. &#8211; Und weil wir geneigt sind, unsere unangenehmen artspezifischen Eigenschaften  in die Natur zu projizieren, würden uns Schimpanse, Bonobo, Gorilla &#38;Co in einer Art Artbetimmungskonferenz &#8211; nicht ohne Humor &#8211; wohl zum</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Tyrannopithecus Majestix</strong></p>
<p>erklären.</p>
<p>Ich brauchte nur das Negativ, das Darwin entwickelt hatte, neu zu belichten und zu entwickeln. Und schon hatte ich das Bild: Die Evolution als nichtlinear-thermodynamisches System.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Das Chaos ist die Gottgewollte Ordnung.</strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Dacă ai fi Pământul pentru o zi, ce le-ai transmite oamenilor?]]></title>
<link>http://carlosinfabula.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/daca-ai-fi-pamantul-pentru-o-zi-ce-le-ai-transmite-oamenilor/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 10:53:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nykaroly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://carlosinfabula.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/daca-ai-fi-pamantul-pentru-o-zi-ce-le-ai-transmite-oamenilor/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ambasada britanica m-a contactat pentru a afla raspunsul la intrebarea din titlu. In viziunea mea, a]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Ambasada britanica m-a contactat pentru a afla raspunsul la intrebarea din titlu. In viziunea mea, ar fi cam asa ceva, scris in rosu cu vulcani activi in loc de pixeli:</p>
<p><strong>&#8220;Incantat de cunostinta. Ati fost chiar mai distractivi decat dinozaurii, dar eu trebuie sa merg mai departe. Tinem legatura la nivel de fosil.&#8221;</strong></p>
<p>In English:</p>
<p>The Brittish Embassy contacted me to find out, what message would I send to the people, if I were the planet for one day. It would be something like this, written in red with activ volcanos as pixels:</p>
<p><strong>&#8220;It was nice to meet you all. You were even more fun than the dinosaurs, but now I&#8217;ll have to move on. Keep in touch at fossil level.&#8221;</strong></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[FUTURE HUMANS: Four Ways We May, or May Not, Evolve]]></title>
<link>http://enviralment.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/future-humans-four-ways-we-may-or-may-not-evolve/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 18:30:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Aizen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://enviralment.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/future-humans-four-ways-we-may-or-may-not-evolve/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Charles Darwin&#8217;s On the Origin of Species, published 150 years ago Tuesday, opened the book on]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong><a href="http://enviralment.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/brainchip.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1535" title="brainchip" src="http://enviralment.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/brainchip.jpg?w=231" alt="" width="231" height="300" /></a>Charles Darwin&#8217;s <em>On the Origin of Species,</em> published 150 years ago Tuesday, opened the book on our evolutionary past, which has since been traced by scientists back to fossil apes.</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<pre>[Via National Geographic]
</pre>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>But where is evolution taking us? Will our descendants hurtle through space as relatively unchanged as the humans on the <a href="http://blogs.ngm.com/blog_central/2009/05/star-treks-new-ship-its-not-your-grandfathers-enterprise.html">starship <em>Enterprise?</em></a> Will they be muscle-bound cyborgs? Or will they chose to digitize their consciousnesses—becoming electronic immortals?</p>
<p>And as odd as the possibilities may seem, it&#8217;s worth remembering that, 150 years ago, the ape-to-human scenario in <em>On the Origin of Species</em> struck many as nothing so much as monkey business.</p>
<p>(Related <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/photogalleries/091123-origin-species-darwin-150-intelligent-design/index.html">pictures: &#8220;Evolution vs. Intelligent Design: Six Bones of Contention.&#8221;</a>)</p>
<p><strong>PREDICTION ONE<br />
Human Evolution Is Dead</strong></p>
<p>&#8220;Because we <em>have</em> evolved, it&#8217;s natural to imagine we will continue to do so, but I think that&#8217;s wrong,&#8221; anthropologist Ian Tattersall of New York&#8217;s American Museum of Natural History said in an email.</p>
<p>&#8220;Everything we know about evolutionary change suggests that genetic innovations are only likely to become fixed in small, isolated populations,&#8221; he said. For example, Darwin&#8217;s famous Galápagos finches each evolved from their mainland ancestor to fit a unique habitat on the isolated islands in the Pacific.</p>
<p>(Take a <a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/02/darwin-legacy/quiz-interactive">Darwin quiz</a>.)</p>
<p>Natural selection, as outlined in <em>On the Origin of Species,</em> occurs when a genetic mutation—say, resulting in a spine suited to upright walking—is passed down through generations, because it affords some benefit. Eventually the mutation becomes the norm.</p>
<p>But if populations aren&#8217;t isolated, crossbreeding makes it much less likely for potentially significant mutations to become established in the gene pool—and that&#8217;s exactly where we are now, Tattersall said.<!--more--></p>
<p>&#8220;Since the advent of settled life, human populations have expanded enormously. <em>Homo sapiens</em> is densely packed across the Earth, and individuals are unprecedentedly mobile.</p>
<p>&#8220;In this situation, the fixation of any meaningful evolutionary novelties in the human population is highly improbable.&#8221; Tattersall said. &#8220;Human beings are just going to have to learn to live with themselves as they are.&#8221;</p>
<p>Steve Jones, a genetics professor at University College London, put forward a similar scenario during a recent <a href="http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/news/chiefeditor/2009/11/evolution-webcast-celebrating.html">lecture series marking the bicentenary of Darwin&#8217;s birth and the 150th anniversary of <em>On the Origin of Species</em></a> at the University of Cambridge.</p>
<p>The human population will become more alike as races merge, he said, but &#8220;Darwin&#8217;s machine has lost its power.&#8221;</p>
<p>That&#8217;s because natural selection—Darwin&#8217;s &#8220;survival of the fittest&#8221; concept—is being sidelined in humans, according to Jones.</p>
<p>The fittest will no longer spearhead evolutionary change, because, thanks to medical advances, the weakest also live on and pass down their genes.</p>
<p>When <em>On the Origin of Species</em> was published in 1859, only about half of British children survived to 21. Today that number has swelled to 99 percent.</p>
<p>In developed countries, &#8220;the fact that everybody stays alive, at least until they&#8217;re sexually mature, means ['survival of the fittest' has] got nothing to work with,&#8221; Jones said. &#8220;That part of the Darwinian fuel has gone.&#8221;</p>
<p>(See <a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2004/11/darwin-wrong/quammen-text">&#8220;Was Darwin Wrong?&#8221;</a> from <em>National Geographic</em> magazine.)</p>
<p><strong>PREDICTION TWO<br />
Humans Will Continue to Evolve</strong></p>
<p>Other scientists see plenty of evidence that human evolution is far from over.</p>
<p>For instance, <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/10/23/0906199106.abstract">a study published last month in the journal <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> suggested that women of the future could become shorter and stouter</a>.</p>
<p>A team led by Yale University evolutionary biologist Stephen Stearns found that, due to ovulatory characteristics, shorter, slightly plumper women tend to have more children than their peers. These physical traits are passed on to their offspring, suggesting natural selection in humans is alive and well.</p>
<p>Geoffrey Miller, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of New Mexico, believes Darwinian evolution in humans is actually speeding up. He highlighted sexual selection through mate choice as one key driver.</p>
<p>&#8220;You still have powerful mate choice shaping mental traits particularly … traits that are needed to succeed economically and in raising kids,&#8221; Miller said.</p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re also going to get stronger sexual selection, because the more advanced the technology gets, the greater an effect general intelligence will have on each individual&#8217;s economic and social success, because as technology gets more complex, you need more intelligence to master it,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>&#8220;That intelligence results in higher earnings, social status, and sexual attractiveness.&#8221;</p>
<p>Miller added that artificial selection using genetic technologies will likely accentuate these changes in the future.</p>
<p>&#8220;Parents could basically choose which sperm and egg get to meet up to produce a baby based on genetic information about which genes contribute to which physical and mental traits,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>&#8220;If the rich and powerful keep the artificial-selection technology to themselves, then you could get that kind of split between a kind of upper-class, dominant population and a lower-class, genetically oppressed population,&#8221; he added.</p>
<p>&#8220;But I think it&#8217;s very likely the new genetic technologies will be widespread in their use, simply because that&#8217;s more profitable. So I think there will actually be a leveling effect, where both the poor and the rich are going to be able to have the best kids they can genetically.</p>
<p>&#8220;You will probably see a rise in average physical attractiveness and health,&#8221; he added. &#8220;You will probably get selection for physical traits that tend to be attractive in both males and females—things like height, muscularity, energy levels.&#8221;</p>
<p>But &#8220;regular&#8221; natural selection will also continue to play a major role, Miller believes.</p>
<p>&#8220;What you&#8217;re facing now is a global pathogen pool of viruses and bacteria that get spread around by air travel to every corner of the Earth, and that&#8217;s going to increase,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re going to get a lot more epidemics,&#8221; Miller added. &#8220;That will increase the importance of the genetic immune system in human survival&#8221;—and result in a human species with stronger immune systems, he speculated.</p>
<p>(Meet <a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/12/wallace/quammen-text">the &#8220;other Darwin&#8221;</a> in <em>National Geographic</em> magazine.)</p>
<p><strong>PREDICTION THREE<br />
Humans to Achieve Electronic Immortality</strong></p>
<p>A philosophy known as transhumanism sees humans taking charge of their evolution and transcending their biological limitations via technology.</p>
<p>In essence, the old-fashioned evolution of <em>On the Origin of Species</em> may be beside the point: The future may belong to <em>unnatural</em> selection.</p>
<p>Nick Bostrom, director of the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, said Darwinian evolution &#8220;is happening on a very slow time scale now relative to other things that are leading to changes in the human condition&#8221;—cloning, genetic enhancement, robotics, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology, for starters.</p>
<p>Transhumanism raises a spectacular array of possibilities, from supersoldiers and new breeds of athletes to immortal beings who, having had their brains scanned atom by atom, transfer their minds to computers.</p>
<p>In addition to living forever, &#8220;uploaded&#8221; beings would be able to &#8220;travel at the speed of light as an information pattern,&#8221; download themselves into robots for the occasional stroll through the real world, think faster when running on advanced operating systems, and cut their food budget down to zero, Bostrom imagines in his paper &#8220;The Transhumanist FAQ,&#8221; available on the <a href="http://humanityplus.org/learn/philosophy/faq">Humanity+</a> Web site.</p>
<p>If that were to happen, a new type of evolution would emerge, Bostrom said.</p>
<p>&#8220;Evolutionary selection could occur in a population of uploads or artificial intelligence just as much as it could in a population of biological organisms,&#8221; he told National Geographic News. &#8220;In fact, it might operate much faster there, because artificial intellects could reproduce much faster.&#8221;</p>
<p>Whereas the current human generational cycle takes some 20 years, a digitalized individual could replicate themselves in seconds or minutes, Bostrom said.</p>
<p>Of course copying yourself isn&#8217;t without complications, Bostrom acknowledges.</p>
<p>&#8220;Which one of them is you?&#8221; he writes. &#8220;Who owns your property? Who is married to your spouse?&#8221;</p>
<p>(Related: <a href="http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/news/chiefeditor/2009/09/darwin-book-on-evolution.html">&#8220;Darwin Devotees Make &#8216;Father of Evolution&#8217; Facebook Superstar.&#8221;</a>)</p>
<p><strong>PREDICTION FOUR<br />
New Era of Evolution Awaits on Off-World Colonies?</strong></p>
<p>&#8220;Some major new isolating mechanism&#8221; would be needed for a new human species to arise, according to John Hawks, an anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.</p>
<p>Despite up to 30,000 years of partial isolation among populations in places such as Australia and Papua New Guinea, human speciation did not occur, he noted.</p>
<p>But if, in the far distant future, habitable planets beyond our solar system were colonized by Earth migrants, that could provide the necessary isolation for new human species to evolve.</p>
<p>&#8220;If we had spacefaring people who went on one-way voyages to distant stars, that might be enough to trigger speciation,&#8221; Hawks said.</p>
<p>But, he added, &#8220;if you think about it, a small group of people went on a one-way voyage to [the Americas] 14,000 years ago, and then when new people [Europeans] showed up 500 years ago, they were still the same species.&#8221;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[De camino hacia los cyborgs]]></title>
<link>http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/de-camino-hacia-los-cyborgs/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 12:19:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>tsalawaly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/de-camino-hacia-los-cyborgs/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hace algún tiempo conocíamos los resultados de las investigaciones con monos en el control de brazos]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Hace algún tiempo conocíamos los resultados de las investigaciones con monos en el control de brazos robóticos:</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/i96ZCmfsTgc&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/i96ZCmfsTgc&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Con los sorprendentes resultados sobre la mesa, se pusieron en marcha nuevos estudios que desembocaron en imágenes como las siguientes:</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/mSv5Ze0MT3c&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/mSv5Ze0MT3c&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Así, se comenzaron a abrir las puertas para el implante de este tipo de herramientas sobre los seres humanos donde en el día de hoy se ha conseguido perfilar hacia un nuevo nivel. Unos investigadores de la Universidad de Tel Aviv han creado una mano biónica que no sólo recibe información del cerebro y opera según ella, sino que además envía impulsos de tipo táctil al sistema nervioso central. Ekenstam, sujeto de estudio, hablaba así del experimento: <em>&#8220;Estoy utilizando músculos que no había usado en años. Agarro algo con fuerza, y entonces puedo sentirlo en las yemas de los dedos, lo que es extraño, porque ya no las tengo. Es asombroso&#8221;</em>.</p>
<p>Con todo esto, parece que cada vez están más próximos los cyborg de la ciencia ficción. Creo que no cabe duda al respecto. En cuestión de pocos años estemos ante una nueva revolución tecnológica de la especie humana.</p>
<div id="attachment_359" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/kevin.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-359" title="kevin" src="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/kevin.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="196" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">El científico Kevin Warwich</p></div>
<p>Posiblemente ese momento esté llegando poquito a poco de la mano de personas como Kevin Warwick. Este científico es conocido por experimentar con su cuerpo al implantarse diversos chips con los que puede controlar los aparatos de su casa. Incluso su esposa ha aceptado participar implantándose un chip que les permite a ambos estar en conexión empática. Algunas discotecas también se han sumado a la iniciativa. Ofrecen el implante de un chip con el que poder pagar las copas (a modo de tarjeta de crédito) sin tener que llevar una cartera encima.</p>
<div id="attachment_360" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/neilharbisson.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-360" title="NeilHarbisson" src="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/neilharbisson.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="144" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">El primer cyborg reconocido, Neil Harbisson</p></div>
<p>Si os siguen quedando dudas sobre si la ciencia ficción se está haciendo realidad, hablemos de Neil Harbisson. Este hombre es pintor y músico, y ha conseguido que el gobierno británico lo considere directamente como un cyborg. Al sufrir una enfermedad que le hace ver el mundo en blanco y negro, se le ocurrió inventar e implantarse lo que se ha dado a conocer como <em>eyeborg. </em>Este aparato capta los colores de las cosas que Neil está viendo y se los traduce en notas musicales que él interpreta como una escala de colores.</p>
<p>Son pequeñas gotitas, pero así empieza el chaparrón.</p>
<p><strong> </strong><strong>Fuentes: </strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.solociencia.com/ingenieria/09112403.htm" target="_blank">Solociencia</a></p>
<p><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.elmundo.es/navegante/2004/03/17/esociedad/1079536632.html" target="_blank">Una discoteca catalana implantará un chip bajo la piel de personajes famosos.</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Monkeys stole its home]]></title>
<link>http://strategy2c.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/monkeys-stole-its-home/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:39:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>hikingartist</dc:creator>
<guid>http://strategy2c.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/monkeys-stole-its-home/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Homeless elephant]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_518" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://hikingartist.com/art/Free_print_versions_g79-Begging_elephant_p822.html"><img class="size-full wp-image-518" title="elephant-begging" src="http://strategy2c.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/elephant-begging.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="577" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Homeless elephant</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Endangered Species Vs Cultural Tradition]]></title>
<link>http://colleenanderson.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/endangered-species-vs-cultural-tradition/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 21:23:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>colleenanderson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://colleenanderson.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/endangered-species-vs-cultural-tradition/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Our world is in trouble in a lot of ways and anyone, whether an individual or a government, who deni]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Our world is in trouble in a lot of ways and anyone, whether an individual or a government, who denies this is practicing the head in the sand technique. Overfishing has caused the closing of fisheries in numerous countries, caribou herds are threatened, whales are on the endangered list , rhinos and tigers and other large land mammals are in danger of extinction. The list of endangered or near extinct fauna is extensive. Not all are hunted by humans for food or trophyism but the ones that are hunted/farmed/fished for food run into more conflict.</p>
<p>There are the people who make their livelihoods/their jobs from hunting a particular land or marine animal. When they are told they can&#8217;t do this anymore they are rightfully upset, scared of a future that is uncertain at best. Then there are native peoples of the lands, whether they&#8217;re Native Americans/First Nations, Danes, Laplanders, or Fiji Islanders (to name a few), they all have centuries of traditions and customs.</p>
<p>In many pre-industrial societies, food was a focus of stability. Towns and cities were often built on fertile land near water sources. Herds of animals were domesticated or hunted near villages. Customs, rituals and spiritual rites took place around food and the creatures that sustained the life of a people. These were so ingrained that you cannot separate an animal from the ritual. Initiatory rites as well as rituals for sustenance and good hunting were common.</p>
<p>But time is time, and everything changes through time. The land shifts, erodes and buckles. Species ebb and flow with the changing seasons and shift in climates, and from natural disasters. Although a species can hunt another to extinction, especially if it&#8217;s transplanted from its natural habitat, it&#8217;s not common. Only homo sapiens have been so resilient, adaptive and creative to live anywhere and hunt what they need. In most ecosystems if the predator overhunts the prey, the predators flourish but then there is not enough prey and the predators die back, maintaining a natural balance.</p>
<p>Only the human species has been able to circumvent this natural balance, bringing technology to bear on the environment to the point of detriment for every living thing including people. And so we have species all over the world that are endangered, protected or becoming extinct and yes, there are many species becoming memories only. Then we have traditional cultures saying, &#8220;We have always done this. It&#8217;s part of our traditions. It&#8217;s you people who disturbed the balance, not us.&#8221;</p>
<p>Governments are trying to protect dwindling resources so there will be something to hunt in the future and have placed restrictions and moratoria on different species. Sometimes only a certain quota is allowed to be taken and then there is more conflict. As in the missing salmon this year on the Pacific coast. There was nothing to fish. If anyone, Native or other fisherman wanted to take the fish because it was their right, if would diminish a chance for that species to survive. And now we have Innu hunters shooting caribou in Newfoundland and Labrador.</p>
<p>The thing is, it <span style="text-decoration:underline;">is</span> their right to do so and have some protection based on ancestral tradition. That&#8217;s fine, but conservation officials say that a particular type of caribou, the Red Wine, have moved in amongst the other more prolific herd. There is supposed to be less than 100 of the Red Wine caribou left and they&#8217;re protected. The interesting thing is that five years ago Grand Chief Penashue  said about hunters in the protected preserver, &#8220;The hunt in the Red Wine caribou range was not just an illegal protest, it was completely inconsistent with Innu values. &#8230; Putting a threatened caribou herd at further risk can never be justified on the basis of aboriginal rights.&#8221;</p>
<p>Yet today this same chief is supporting the hunting of the caribou because statistically fewer would be hit compared to the George River herd. Seems those ancestral Innu values have changed. So it&#8217;s only good to assert traditional rights when it suits you and because the ministry or the government aren&#8217;t working with you, it&#8217;s now all right to hunt endangered species?</p>
<p>What is not right is asserting traditional and cultural rights over species that are endangered. To do so is pure stupidity because there will be nothing to fight over or use in traditional ways in a very near future. This is the biggest problem when various cultures try to assert their rights because it&#8217;s always been done this way. And where do we draw the timeline if someone says, we&#8217;ve done it this way for a hundred years, a thousand years, or whatever. Just because one&#8217;s ancestors did it doesn&#8217;t mean we can continue to do it, whatever it may be. The world has changed and denying that does no good.</p>
<p>I support the right of people to keep their traditions (that&#8217;s all those unique cultures all over the world) but not at the expense of losing endangered species or in subjugating other people. Our ancestors did all sorts of things, including using outhouses, killing and beating people and eating foods we wouldn&#8217;t touch. They lived without central heating, they sewed everything by hand and only the richest (or the military) might have gone more than a hundred miles from their local village. Life was constant hard work. We cannot always say, because my people once did it I have the right to do it now. We have to be reasonable and holding a species as hostage to get your way is the same as saying well you won&#8217;t listen to me so I&#8217;ll just beat this kid until I get my way. They&#8217;re both innocent (caribou or child) and some healthy reasoning should come in to play as opposed to punishing/speeding the extinction of the species. In this case the Innu should be ashamed of themselves because even killing one more of an endangered herd lessens its chance for viability and recovery.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/labrador-innu-break-hunting-ban-kill-64-caribou/article1370834/" target="_blank">http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/labrador-innu-break-hunting-ban-kill-64-caribou/article1370834/</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Struggling To Adapt To Global Changes]]></title>
<link>http://mygrandmasue.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/struggling-to-adapt-to-global-changes/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 05:33:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mygrandmasue</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mygrandmasue.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/struggling-to-adapt-to-global-changes/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I was all set to write my blog tonight based on my reading of the new issue of National Wildlife by ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I was all set to write my blog tonight based on my reading of the new issue of <a href="http://www.nwf.org/NationalWildlife/index.cfm?issueID=133">National Wildlife</a> by the <a href="http://www.nwf.org/">National Wildlife Federation</a> when I got drawn in to watch tonight&#8217;s PBS Television NOVA Episode <a href="http://video.pbs.org/video/1327194805/#">Becoming Human Part 3</a>. It was too fascinating. I had to watch. This <a href="http://video.pbs.org/video/1327194805/#">link</a> is good until 12/31/09 to watch it right on-line.  So, tonight&#8217;s blog will be short to write but long for you to explore if you want to! </p>
<p>What is so fascinating is how it compares and contrasts with the National Wildlife article I was planning to tell you about &#8211; only it is about wildlife instead of humans.  The article is called <a href="http://www.nwf.org/NationalWildlife/article.cfm?issueID=133&#38;articleID=1788">Desperate Measures: Struggling to adapt to global warming, wildlife species are changing their diets, behaviors and, in a few cases, even their genetic makeup</a> by Jessica Snyder Sachs.  The photos are great &#8211; especially the baby birds, baby squirrels, red and arctic foxes, and polar bears &#8211; actually they are all super!  And&#8230; the article is very much worth reading!</p>
<p>This theme really is the same one that is in the NOVA program!  Enjoy!</p>
<p>More info on <a href="http://mygrandmasue.wordpress.com/"> http://mygrandmasue.wordpress.com </a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[El perezoso II (Homo sapiens)]]></title>
<link>http://lafaunaiberica.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/el-perezoso-ii-homo-sapiens/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 20:40:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>lafaunaiberica</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lafaunaiberica.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/el-perezoso-ii-homo-sapiens/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hombre cansado Mírame y dime que no ha quedado maravillosa la lámpara&#8230; Después de horas de tra]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Hombre cansado Mírame y dime que no ha quedado maravillosa la lámpara&#8230; Después de horas de tra]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[He Ain't Heavy, He's My Bro?]]></title>
<link>http://afeatheradrift.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/he-aint-heavy-hes-my-bro/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 18:34:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Sherry</dc:creator>
<guid>http://afeatheradrift.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/he-aint-heavy-hes-my-bro/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The next time you call your husband a Neanderthal, you might be accurate. Actually not. Just kidding]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://afeatheradrift.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/neaderthal_woman.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-2831" title="neaderthal_woman" src="http://afeatheradrift.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/neaderthal_woman.jpg?w=247" alt="" width="247" height="300" /></a>The next time you call your husband a Neanderthal, you might be accurate. Actually not. Just kidding. Genetic testing tends to suggest that in the human genome there is little if any trace of the Neanderthal in us. But that doesn&#8217;t negate that he was a close relative albeit now extinct.</p>
<p>Let me explain. <em>Nova </em>has been doing a three part series on what makes us human. It has been fascinating, as all such things are to me. Like any science, there are always questions unanswered, and competing theories around the edges. This is what drives science in general and frankly we cannot expect or want certainty. For then we admit there is nothing more to learn.</p>
<p>In the last several years, questions remain and have been looked at afresh about how we came to be us. Exactly how and why did we evolve away from our chimp and ape cousins? I have spoken on this before, but frankly it has always been something of a mystery what happened to the happless Neanderthal. At least now, we have some good theories.</p>
<p>The amazing thing in the area of paleontology, is that like many other disciplines, there is a lot of overlap. This seems obvious when you think about it, since the planetary development of Earth makes it an organic whole. It stands to reason and would be a serious problem should archaeology, geology, astronomy and so forth, not tend to support  each other in conclusions which touch them both.</p>
<p>And that is where real progress has been made. It seems that Neanderthal was part of that initial migration out of Africa. They settled mostly in the northern European lands and frankly soon were busy fighting the climate. Ice ages came and went, and Neanderthal became adept at living in this harsh environment.</p>
<p>From where came this homo sapien then? Well it seems that climate change in Africa, meant the reduction and almost total elimination of the rain forests. Our remaining ancestors, perhaps down to as few as 800 breeding individuals were forced from the in lands to the sea shores around the continent.</p>
<p>Here they learned new techniques. Their tool making became refined, they clearly turned to eating seafood. They adapted to new conditions. And it appears that genetic changes conducive to such adaptation, worked  to enlarge our brains, at least as to the cognitive parts.</p>
<p>An amazing thing can be done with bones these days. We are actually what we eat. It is exactly true. What we eat is translated into our bones in terms of chemical trails. We can now test Neanderthal bones and determine their diet. It was almost exclusively meat. Although their environment contained both eatable plants and berries, they eschewed such fare in favor of meat.</p>
<p>This may be because of all the food available, meat was by far the most numerous and most plentiful, given the harsh climate. Meat provided the fuel necessary to survive.</p>
<p>What happened when the omnivorous creature, Homo sapien entered the picture, having now decided to explore himself?  No doubt confrontations occurred between the two groups. In the past, theories abounded that Neanderthals were either killed off by superior weaponry or inbred with the sapiens, and thus disappeared.</p>
<p>Such seems not to be the case. No trace of Neanderthal DNA is apparent in the human genome as I said.</p>
<p>Most all the bones of Neanderthals found show multiple fractures. Life was harsh and dangerous for this group. Their weapons were spears and they they were not throwing spears. They got up close and personal with game, and no doubt suffered grievous injuries. Few lived beyond their 30&#8217;s.</p>
<p>It is now thought that Neanderthals were basically pushed out of the way, much as American Indians were pushed out of their lands by the white settlers in the US. Finally they were confined to the Rock of Gibraltar, and there they died out. They may have been forced to the extremes of their climate.</p>
<p>Much of this work has been done by the Max Planck Institute in Germany, a premier science institute in paleontology research. There, scientists are working multi-disciplinarily to uncover the rise of humanity.</p>
<p>It seems that the cell deteriorates at a fixed rate, and based on this, we can determine with some clarity when the two, Homo Sapien and Neanderthal had a common ancestor. That appears to be around 200,000 years ago.</p>
<p>Little by little, we are learning why we stood up, how our thumbs became specialized, how our brains grew, and how we adapted to various climate conditions. They are what drove us upward and onward. Near, at one point, to extinction ourselves, we held on, adapted to new conditions, and ultimately flourished. Perhaps we have kind of over did it now, as our very numbers now threaten the well-being of our planet.</p>
<p>But it is easy enough to sit back and look on in amazement. What has God wrought? Apparently quite a lot of humans!<br />
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<title><![CDATA[YOU are built to be a hunter-gatherer.]]></title>
<link>http://newsfromthefront.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/you-are-built-to-be-a-hunter-gatherer/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 20:05:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>A.</dc:creator>
<guid>http://newsfromthefront.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/you-are-built-to-be-a-hunter-gatherer/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[part of an ongoing series of columns I&#8217;ve written, reprinted from the TU Rambler. November, 20]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style="font-size:x-small;">part of an ongoing series of columns I&#8217;ve written, reprinted from the TU Rambler.<br />
</span><br />
November, 2009.<br />
This week, let’s talk about food.  Most “go green how-to” articles will tell you to shop locally at farmer’s markets, to choose organic, pesticide-free produce, and eat ethically-raised, free-range meat.  This is fine, but for a poor college student, it’s Expensive!  Yes, pesticides in food are bad, but I believe that what are even worse are the foods and drinks which are essentially nothing but chemicals.  Don’t even get me started on corn syrup.  Have you looked at an ingredients list recently?  A box of my roommate’s chicken-flavored pasta and rice has almost the same things in it as a pouch of instant vegetable soup.  What the heck are thiamine mononirate or disodium inosinate or maltodextrin?  The reason these exist is preservation: our current industrial food system means that food packaged in California might be shipped to Maine, where it may sit on the shelf for months; the mysterious additives ensure a long shelf-life.</p>
<p>As an Anthropology student, I’ve a whole lot of my time at Transy talking about pre-agricultural societies.  And I’ve come to the conclusion that humans have never been healthier than we were about 20 or 30,000 years ago.  After that, we discovered agriculture, and it all starts to go downhill.  You see, back in our good ol’ hunter-gatherer days, our diet was varied, we got plenty of exercise, and we sure weren’t eating corn or bread.  Take a look at The Food Pyramid (the 1992 one most of us grew up with, the one with horizontal layers, not that weird new one where everything radiates from the top).  According to it, the foundation of our diet should be “6-11 servings of bread, cereal, rice, and pasta”: these didn’t exist until humans settled down, started farming, and built cities.  The switch to agriculture led to nutrient deficiency and modern diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and obesity (not to mention social stratification, organized religion, and state warfare).</p>
<p>So what can you do?  I’m not saying that you should immediately revert to a hunter-gatherer diet (but if you want to try, get ahold of me and we’ll talk), and I’m definitely not advocating the status-quo diet of soda and Doritos.  But start small—cut out the Twinkies and Gatorade.  Try eating <em>in the style</em> of our ancestors, snacking on fruits, nuts and berries throughout the day, with one big, varied supper at night.  Fiber and meat are great; a bit of dairy (another post-agriculture invention) now and then is good; even Ramen is fine, but pitch the flavor packet and throw the noodles in a hearty stew of meats and vegetables.</p>
<p>There’s a very different way of thinking that comes along with a healthy hundred thousand-year old way of eating.  You start to feel more HUMAN.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Homo Gastronomicus Indianus]]></title>
<link>http://tailrace.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/tastes-of-india/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 05:35:12 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>tailrace</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tailrace.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/tastes-of-india/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[India!! A cradle of civilization. The spiritual bastion of the world. A land whose gods are as numer]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-size:x-small;">India!! A cradle of civilization. The spiritual bastion of the world. A land whose gods are as numerous as people. Where evolution, biological, social and spiritual lost its way and willy-nilly mutated into grotesque shapes, sizes, tastes, lifestyles, faiths and food habits. Where vegetarians outnumber non-vegetarians. Where uber-vegetarians shun everything grown under the earth. The astounding gastronomic diversity of the country has beguiled its ardent followers and fervent critics alike. Culinary art in India reached its epitome in the evolution of a new anthropoid species &#8211; Homo Gastronomicus Indianus (HGI). Marked by insatiable hunger, a canine equivalent olfactory system and an ultra-efficient digestive tract, this species though scarcely distinguishable from Homo sapiens sapiens in appearance, is immediately identifiable by the copious salivating tendencies displayed when confronted with any kind of food or even the merest mention of it. The research and analysis wing of HGI flagship organization, &#8212;&#8212;-, recently circulated a secret report mapping &#8220;Must Try&#8221; cuisines across all sates of India. Yours truly, by a daring act of culinary coup d&#8217;etat acquired a copy of the map, attached here for the benefit of the drooling public. Go ahead; explore it all till your bellies implore you to stop&#8230;.</span></span><span style="font-size:x-small;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-262" title="Cuisines Across India" src="http://tailrace.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/cuisines-across-india.jpg" alt="Cuisines Across India" width="600" height="537" /></span></div>
<p><span style="font-size:x-small;">
<p>&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[To err is (still) human, circa <i>10,000 BC</i>]]></title>
<link>http://thescattering.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/to-err-is-still-human-circa-10000-bc/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 03:48:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>thescattering</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thescattering.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/to-err-is-still-human-circa-10000-bc/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Movies aspiring to epics invariably begin with some sort of dramatic voiceover—10,000 BC doesn’t fai]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Movies aspiring to epics invariably begin with some sort of dramatic voiceover—<em>10,000 BC</em> doesn’t fail, but filmmakers might have done better to listen more closely to their own narrator: if “only time can teach us what is truth, and what is legend,” as the film begins, centuries of modern archeological research should have taught the creators of this prehistoric melodrama at least a few basic facts about early human life.  Considering the sheer number of anachronisms, my suspension of disbelief had snapped long before D’leh and his loyal “spears” arrived at the pyramidal Mountain of the Gods.</p>
<p><em>10,000 BC </em>came out in 2008, so I realize I’m a year late on this one, but my archeology class, it seems, is behind the times—and since the film itself is set at the end of the Pleistocene, I’m not going to worry about it.  Besides, (pre)historical accuracy never gets old.</p>
<p>Fundamental to the plot is the long trek of D’leh, a self-doubting young man of the hunter-gatherer Yagahl, mountain-dwellers whose way of life hunting the “manak” (a not-so-subtle corruption of “mammoth” in the Yagahl’s astounding English) has become less and less sustainable.</p>
<p>This much, at least, could actually be plausible—megafauna such as the woolly mammoth may have begun to die out in Eurasia between 10,000 and 8,000 BCE from a combination of human hunting pressure and climate change during the glacial retreat.</p>
<p>But even the most extraordinary changes in environment and vegetation following on the heels of the Holocene could not account for the radical topographical diversity D’leh encounters on his journey to fulfill the prophecy surrounding “the child with the blue eyes,” his beloved Evolet.  Taking us from mountain blizzards to steaming jungles, the grasslands of North Africa and the banks of the Nile (and all this in disorientingly little time), D’leh’s odyssey makes absolutely no geographical sense.</p>
<p>Add to this an African tribesman’s use of chili peppers—domesticated in 6,000 BCE and not exported beyond the Americas until the voyages of Columbus in the 15<sup>th</sup>-century—and his gift of corn and beans, similarly New World foods, and it would seem that the filmmakers expect audiences not to wonder why their silver screen Pangaea failed to break up all those 250-million years ago.</p>
<p>But all of this is adiophora compared to the absurd treatment of ancient Egypt in the movie’s second half.  Not only does <em>10,000 BC</em> have the pyramids and Great Sphinx of Giza under construction millennia before their time, it also suggests a labor force of slaves (which, <em>Prince of Egypt</em> notwithstanding, is patently untrue) and domesticated mammoths (making the film’s advancement of horse domestication by 6,000 years look almost reasonable).</p>
<p>Most far-fetched is the identity of the mysterious ruler and commissioner of these massive projects, a so-called god whose origin is as shrouded and veiled as his face—“some say they came from the stars,” one of the Yagahl men explains, “and some say they flew across the water when their land sank into the sea,” a comment which leaves audiences to postulate either space aliens or Atlanteans as the primogenitors of the pharaohs.  (It’s things like this that bother me the most—I’m inclined to think human beings can be <em>way</em> more bizarre than anything conspiracy theorists could cook up.  Stranger than fiction and all that.)</p>
<p>If <em>10,000 BC</em> captures <em>anything</em> of the changes in human lifestyles that began around the titular time period, it’s the profound spiritual connotations the Yagahl attach to their transition into a sedentary lifestyle.  D’leh’s entire journey represents the fulfillment of a prophecy promising new life for his people after the last hunt of the mammoth has ended—agriculture.</p>
<p>While I’d be shocked if evidence for a transmigration of souls as happened in the movie surfaced in Neolithic archeological sites, early temples such as <a href="http://www.archaeology.org/0811/abstracts/turkey.html" target="_blank">the stone circles at Gobekli Tepe</a> do suggest a less sensational spirituality.  A megalithic site predating Stonehenge by 7,000 years, the elaborately-carved stone pillars of what may be the world’s earliest temple encircle a space believed to have been used for animal sacrifice and other ritual activities by its architects—nomadic groups like the Yagahl whose religious complexity developed during this pivotal shift in social patterns.</p>
<p>For my part, while I’m clearly willing to throw stones at the writers and directors who signed off on so many bizarre anachronisms, I can’t entirely avoid imagining myself hurling spears alongside the hunters of <em>10,000 BC</em>, at least so long as the film is rolling.</p>
<p>The saving grace of <em>10,000 BC</em>—and the only reason a stickler for historical accuracy can still enjoy the story—is the filmmakers’ successful creation of complex characters who are as recognizably modern in their motives and emotions as any human from 2009 AD.  D’leh, far from being a two-dimensional caricature of a “primitive” man, is introspective, compassionate, and rather unfortunately tormented by self-doubt—his mental demons proving a greater challenge than the four-legged demons who ride off with Evolek.</p>
<p>Glaring mistakes abound in <em>10,000 BC</em>, but they don’t completely blind this viewer, at least, from appreciating the sensitive treatment the film gives the Neolithic men and women we often think of as less than human.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Artikel-Reihe: Der Verein Kirche – Teil 4]]></title>
<link>http://muskelkater.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/artikel-reihe-der-verein-kirche-%e2%80%93-teil-4/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 10:57:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Muskelkater</dc:creator>
<guid>http://muskelkater.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/artikel-reihe-der-verein-kirche-%e2%80%93-teil-4/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Beginn einer Religion? &#8211; Oder Natur? Unser Freund „Bruzel“ aus dem vorherigen Kapitel ist inzw]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h2><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --><span style="color:#00b8ff;"><strong>Beginn einer Religion? &#8211; Oder Natur?</strong></span></h2>
<p><strong><span style="color:#000000;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1113" title="verein_kirche_75" src="http://muskelkater.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/verein_kirche_75.jpg" alt="verein_kirche_75" width="143" height="137" />Unser Freund „Bruzel“ aus dem vorherigen Kapitel ist inzwischen schon lange gestorben, aber sein Stamm hatte sich nicht nur vergrößert, sondern einige unter ihnen waren ausgezogen, um neue Jagdgründe zu suchen.</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Dabei war natürlich auch sein eigener Stamm nicht in dieser Höhle geblieben, sondern musste den Herden der Horntiere und der Rüsseltiere folgen, die ihnen Nahrung gaben. Auch passierte es, dass man vor Tieren fliehen musste, die stärker als sie selber waren, oder dass eine Überschwemmung oder ein Vulkanausbruch sie dazu zwang, weiter zu ziehen, weil das Land unbrauchbar oder zu gefährlich geworden war.</span></p>
<p><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --><span style="color:#000000;">Ein neuer weiser Mann stand jetzt an der Spitze des Stammes. Wir nennen ihn der Einfachheit halber einfach mal „Luftirus“, was heißt „Der, der die Winde versteht“. Er war der direkte Nachfahre von „Bruzel“ und hatte die Eigenschaft, Stimmen zu hören, von ihm geerbt. Wobei ein böser Zeitgenosse ja vielleicht mal behaupten könnte, dass Bruzel und Luftirus sich das alles nur selber ausgedacht hatten. Aber nein, das konnten sie doch noch garnicht, denn das würde eine gewisse Logik voraussetzen, aber sie wussten damals doch noch nicht mal, dass sie Denken konnten. Soweit waren unsere Vorfahren noch nicht. Aber der Gedankengang ist nicht mal so schlecht … sollte man mal festhalten &#8230; für spätere Kapitel &#8230;</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><!--more--></span></p>
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<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Luftirus hatte den Stamm also schon mehrmals vor Gefahren gewarnt. Denn er hatte eine gute Nase und kein fremder Geruch blieb vor ihm verborgen. So hatte er einen Vulkanausbruch vorhergesagt oder auch den Brand der Savanne. Jeder im Stamm wusste, dass diese Vorwarnungen mit seiner guten Nase zusammen hing, aber jeder akzeptierte die Aussage, dass Luftirus die Worte von Göttern gehört hatte. So wie Bruzel den „Gott des Feuers“ gehört hatte, hörte Luftirus den „Gott des Donners“ und den „Gott des Windes“. &#8211; Natürlich sprach sich diese neue Erkenntnis so schnell herum, wie es damals möglich war. Denn auch die Sprache war von Grunzlauten und Gesten so langsam übergegangen in zwar nur wenige, aber inzwischen schon klar verständliche Wörter.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Diese Erkenntnisse oder „Erleuchtungen“ und das Wissen über die Götter, die überall in der Natur verborgen waren, wurden auch von anderen Stämmen wohlwollend aufgenommen und brachten seinen eigenen Stamm zur vollen Blüte und auch zur Vorherrschaft. Von allen Seiten strömten die Weisen anderer Stämme hinzu und wollten von ihm und jetzt auch seinem Sohn, welcher auch diese geheimen Stimmen und Eingebungen vererbt bekam, nochmal hören, wie sich alles zugetragen hatte. Luftirus&#8217; Sohn „Radi“ war auch ein ganz gewitzter Bursche, der es verstand, die Massen zu verzaubern. Immer wieder erzählten er und sein Vater von den wundersamen Eingebungen, die sein Ururgroßvater immer so zum besten gegeben hatte, wenn sie am Lagerfeuer zusammen gesessen waren. Und dabei verflochten sie ihre eigenen Erlebnisse so geschickt dazu, dass die Begeisterung immer mehr anwuchs. Dabei ist es beileibe nicht so, dass sie der Weisheit letzten Schluß verkünden wollten. Aber die Stämme liebten solche Reden, die so ganz anders klangen, als wie man sie vorher kannte.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Jetzt muss man sich die Sprache der ersten denkenden Lebewesen aber nicht so vorstellen wie in einem Auditorium, wo die Studenten den Ausführungen des Professors über das Liebesleben der Ameisen äußerst gespannt zuhören. Die Sprache der Urmenschen war immer noch ein Gebrabbel zwischen Grunzlauten, einigen schon bekannten Begriffen und natürlich einer wild gestikulierten Zeichensprache. Aber inzwischen waren einige bekannte Begriffe oder Wörter schon weit verbreitet worden, andere Stämme entwickelten aus diesen Worten, die sie nicht verstanden, eigene Abwandlungen bzw. Dialekte, und Radi wurde als der „Oberprimus“ bei allen Stämmen im Umkreis anerkannt. Es hatten sich sogar schon aufgund der Sprachgemeinsamkeiten verschiedene Gruppen gebildet, die sich die Thesen, Prophezeiungen und teilweise sogar schon Gesetze von Bruzel, Luftirus und Radi zu eigen gemacht hatten.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Und jetzt entstand etwas Außergewöhnliches, etwas ganz Neues, etwas, was es vorher nie gegeben hatte: aus diesen Stämmen, die ja inzwischen alle verschieden waren, formte sich das erste Volk dieser Erde. Die einzelnen Stämme wuchsen zusammen und der, der am besten artikulieren konnte, wurde der Boss. Auch wieder mal eine Einmaligkeit, dass nicht der Stärkste das Sagen hatte, wie bei allen anderen Lebewesen, sondern der, der am „meisten die Klappe aufreißen konnte“ (eine Erkenntnis, die wir auch heute noch sehr gut kennen).</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Und hier unterbrechen wir erst einmal. Natürlich hätte ich jetzt zwischenzeitlich auch noch mal, wie in Kapitel 2, den </span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neandertaler" target="_blank">Neandertaler</a><span style="color:#000000;"> und die Entwicklung der Sprache und des </span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromagnon" target="_blank">CroMagnon</a><span style="color:#000000;">-Menschen und daraus die Entwicklung zum Homo sapiens etwas mehr beschreiben können. Aber dann müsste ich auch die Völkerwanderungen der damaligen Zeit beschreiben und das würde den Rahmen dieser Artikelreihe sprengen. Denn unsere bisher beschriebenen Wesen gehörten ja schon zum Typus </span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" target="_blank">Homo sapiens idaltu</a><span style="color:#000000;">, also schon zum Menschen, und lebten in der Zeit vor etwa 160.000 bis 154.000 Jahren während des </span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" target="_blank">Pleistozän</a><span style="color:#000000;">, also des Eiszeitalters, wobei hier die </span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-Africa-Theorie" target="_blank">Out-of-Africa-Theorie</a><span style="color:#000000;"> maßgeblich ist.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Wichtig dabei ist, zu erkennen, dass die Religionen, so wie wir sie heute alle kennen, aus diesen Begebenheiten entstanden. Nicht die Götter erschufen den Menschen, sondern der Mensch erschuf sich seine Götter, wie er sie brauchte. Unsere fiktiven Freunde Bruzel, Luftirus und Radi waren praktisch die Vorväter, als sie in der Natur Götter sahen. Vielleicht sahen sie wirklich Götter, vielleicht sahen sie auch Außerirdische, in ihrem Geist &#8230; es ist unwichtig. Hier wird die Keimzelle gelegt für alles, was später geschieht. Hier wird die Macht geboren, die uns teilweise heute noch ohnmächtig werden lässt. Hier wird die ungeheure Gewalt des Wortes geboren, die in Göttern und selbst ernannten Heiligen gipfeln wird. Und somit hat die Bibel zwar schon recht, wenn sie sagt: „Zu Anfang stand das Wort!“ &#8211; Aber was für ein Wort, welches Tausende Jahre lang bis heute den Menschen geißelt!</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Und das wird dann der 5. Teil meiner Geschichte: „Hat die Stadtbildung etwas mit dem Glauben zu tun?“. &#8211; Spannend bleibt es auf dieser Zeitreise ganz gewiss&#8230;</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Pan troglodytes]]></title>
<link>http://decalque.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/pan-troglodytes/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 12:49:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>decalque</dc:creator>
<guid>http://decalque.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/pan-troglodytes/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Na atual novela das sete da Rede Globo, o grande Deus ex Machina da trama é um chimpanzé. Mais do qu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Na atual novela das sete da Rede Globo, o grande <em>Deus ex Machina</em> da trama é um chimpanzé.</p>
<p>Mais do que a solução para todas as tramas e problemas, a macaca (que faz papel de macho) é a protagonista do seu núcleo e o personagem mais interessante da dita trama.</p>
<p>Começou pintando quadros assinados por seu &#8220;dono&#8221; e vendendo muito bem. Primeiro ponto: os críticos de arte brasileiros são tão primários que não conseguem avaliar o trabalho real de qualquer artista. E agora, que o fato está claro, todo mundo ainda cobiça a macaca. Ponto dois: a macaca pinta melhor que qualquer artista plástico daquele mundo ficcional. Viva a macaca!</p>
<p>Agora, cansada de pintar, a macaca aprendeu a usar uma câmera fotográfica e resolve todos os mistérios da trama. Nem vou falar do que o roteirista pensa dos fotógrafos, mas acho sensacional o uso do animal pra resolver todas as merdas que os homo sapiens fazem.</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-35" title="chimpanze" src="http://decalque.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/chimpanze.jpg" alt="chimpanze" width="500" height="348" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Agnus]]></title>
<link>http://contingenthistory.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/agnus/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:32:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fedabe</dc:creator>
<guid>http://contingenthistory.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/agnus/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Es lo primero que pasa. Un borrador.  No logro entender gran cosa en realidad. Tengo adormecido todo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-153" title="abraxas" src="http://contingenthistory.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/abraxas.jpg" alt="abraxas" width="450" height="337" /></p>
<p>Es lo primero que pasa. Un borrador.  No logro entender gran cosa en realidad. Tengo adormecido todo el cuerpo. Sólo escucho las voces. Las de siempre. Las que llaman al olvido y a los diafragmas resecos, derruidos. ¿Es esto lo que siempre te espera al regresar? ¿Lo que va aguardando a cada paso? Por que nada de esto me atormenta, me mueve. Allá nunca me gustó el mar. Las premoniciones onduladas entre los ladrillos enterrados en la arena y la basura y los pies pequeños que regalaban sonrisas para quien quisiera leerlas. Me quedaba dormido escuchando el viento que se escondía detrás de la  ventana entreabierta y las estrellas que empezaban a bambolearse al ritmo de las olas. Y hoy me he acordado de esto sin querer. Es la estupidez cotidiana de buscar un refugio, el regreso. Ahora sólo tengo el ladrido de los perros y las historias que me invento (el Tártaro).  El maldito vacío que me hala los intestinos y que apenas disimulo en las pupilas (pequeñas). Es eso. Lo voraz. Lo que no me llena. El olvido lo engulle todo. Absoluto. Coatlicue preciosa, engúlleme a mí porque yo no puedo y es lo que más me tortura. No puedo ni siquiera darme a mí mismo por que no soy, mi sino es el reflejo, la risa fugaz, la burla. Y el frío me muerde la lengua y no puedo hacer nada. ¿Cómo tocar la piel? ¿Cómo carajo tocarte?</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Aurora]]></title>
<link>http://poetahumilde.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/aurora/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 17:23:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>finn</dc:creator>
<guid>http://poetahumilde.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/aurora/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[”Renew thyself completely each day; do it again and again, and forever again.” Philosopher Tsang.  ”]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>”Renew thyself completely each day; do it again and again, and forever again.” Philosopher Tsang.</p>
<p> ”That man who does not believe that each day contains an earlier, more sacred, and auroral hour than he has yet profaned, has despaired of life, and is pursuing a descending and darkening way.” Henry D. Thoreau.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>Si mi cuerpo y mi alma animal dejaran de responder a la luz que es la Aurora, con todos los resortes que trae consigo para hacer el gran <strong><em>intro</em></strong> de la fabulosa orquesta que significa un día…</p>
<p>Cuánto me perdería, digo yo, de esta fabulosa obra que es el Día, de este exquisito pan horneado que muchos desdeñan en la mesa y juzgan de amargo y del culpable de su gordura.</p>
<p>Shakespeare: Teatro eran sus piernas, sus ojos y el tercer ojo, su entendimiento del mundo tenía todo el sabor del telón y del silencio que se partía con las voces proyectadas de los actores.</p>
<p>La aurora es el levante del telón. Se han conjugado tantas piezas mínimas e inmensas, tantos guiños han tenido complicidad, tanto ha colapsado en el punto álgido donde Aurora da el ”sí, abre la casa” y echa a rodar la obra única, efímera, que se llama Día.</p>
<p>Salimos al escenario, tiene el piso de madera, pulido hasta la suavidad y el destello de ciertas luces en él. Deslizamos las zapatillas, los tacones, recibimos una respuesta, un toc toc nos confirma nuestra presencia. ¿Qué hay más allá de esa otra pared que no es el telón, más allá de las paredes laterales que llevan nuestra escenografía?</p>
<p>Actores volátiles. Se romperán en cualquier momento, como si fueran debajo del mar a toda velocidad sin la justa descompresión que necesita el cuerpo.</p>
<p>Somos vulnerables al acto de vivir.</p>
<p>Salimos al escenario y no chequemaos nuestro oxígeno porque, total, siempre ha estado ahí, y ya aparecerá; salimos a caminar al gran desierto y no nos preocupamos de traer agua porque, total, alguien la traerá y de ella beberemos…o habrán señales que nos guien hasta El Oasis y allí tendremos agua y descanso…</p>
<p>Pero una tensión comienza a murmurar su espanto. La tensión se transforma en rugido.</p>
<p>Hay un tramoyista tras el telón. Su indumentaria se ajusta a sus intenciones. Trae el rostro sereno, por encima de todo deseo de control. Descorre la gran tela y sale a caminar, después de cierto tiempo andando, suda y agradece al sudor por ventilar su animal interno, bebe agua y murmura un agradecimiento.</p>
<p>Continúa andando. Busca en su bolsillo el mapa de Su Oasis más próximo y hacia allá se dirige. Hay un cafetín que ofrece de comer y beber. El tramoyista busca en los ojos del mozo la orden de pan y vino. Paga, continúa andando. Tiene sueño, un extraño, que es su hermano, le recomienda un motel y allí duerme en las sábanas que una máquina- que alguien ensambló con las piezas que alguien construyó, del material extraído de la tierra feraz por el humus del mapache muerto, la hoja podrida, el humano decompuesto y más- lavó y secó.</p>
<p>El tramoyista duerme y en su sueño se ve a sí mismo inventándose respuestas, cada personaje en el sueño es él, las cosas que ve en los otros son rasgos de él, el sinfín de caracteres le llevan a una foto compuesta en exquisito encuadre. El en todos y todos en él.</p>
<p>Cuando se va acercando la hora, hay un temblor en sus párpados, el cuerpo se le va entonando, las células corren de un lado al otro- sin acaparar más oxígeno del que necesitan- y dan la voz de abrir las puertas.</p>
<p>Se levantan los párpados, retumba en el tramoyista la Aurora, está abierta la casa.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mecanorreceptores somestésicos]]></title>
<link>http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/mecanorreceptores-somestesicos/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 14:04:09 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>tsalawaly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/mecanorreceptores-somestesicos/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Macanorrecepción: Percepción sensorial de un estímulo que lleva asociado energía mecánica. Los macan]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Macanorrecepción:</span></strong></p>
<p>Percepción sensorial de un estímulo que lleva asociado energía mecánica. Los macanorreceptores informan de tres sensaciones:</p>
<p>-          Tacto: mecanorreceptores somestésicos.</p>
<p>-          Cinestesia: propioceptores y sistema vestivular.</p>
<p>-          Audición: receptores del sistema auditivo.</p>
<p>En todos los mecanorreceptores el estímulo deforma la membrana plasmática del receptor y propicia la apertura de canales de sodio que produce un incremento en la conductancia de sodio. Se lleva a cabo una despolarización de la célula, transduciéndose así el estímulo.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Somestesia:</span></strong></p>
<p>Es  la percepción sensorial através de la piel. Se reciben tres tipos: tacto, temperatura o termorreceptor y dolor o nociceptores.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Mecanorreceptores somestésicos:</span></strong></p>
<p>Informan del tacto y por ello se localizan en la piel. Todos ellos responden al carácter de receptor sensorial primario. Es decir, el estímulo se aplica en la piel y es recibido por una terminación nerviosa diréctamente, cuyo cuerpo está en un ganglio y va al sistema nervioso central.</p>
<p>Tipos:</p>
<p>-          Terminación corpúsculo de  Merkel: más superficial en la dermis.</p>
<p>-          Terminación corpúsculo de  Meissner</p>
<p>-          Terminación corpúsculo de  Pacini</p>
<p>-          Terminación corpúsculo de  Ruffini: más profunda en la dermis.</p>
<p>En la piel que poseen pelos hay otro tipo de receptor llamado receptor del folículo piloso que se localiza en la raiz del pelo. Los cinco tipos se pueden dividir en dos categorías:</p>
<p>-          Receptor de adaptación rápida: sólo perciben los cambios en la intensidad del estímulo. Se engloban dentro de esta categoría: Meissner, Pacini y el receptor del folículo piloso.</p>
<p>-          Receptor de adaptación lenta: reconocen el estímulo mientras está presente. Se engloban dentro de esta categoría: Merkel y Ruffini.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Características del campo receptor</span></strong></p>
<p>Un campo receptor es una región que activa a cierto receptor sensorial.</p>
<p>1)      El tamaño del campo receptor depende de la zona del cuerpo. Siendo los campor receptores más pequeños en la mano (en especial los dedos) y en la cara (en particular en los labios). Son mayores en las zonas del tronco y las extremidades. A menor campo receptivo, mayor sensibilidad tactil. El tamaño de los campos se determina mediante un experimento en el que se usa un compas con dos cerdas o pelos. El compas se aplica abierto en distintas aperturas, sobre la persona en estudio que tiene los ojos tapados. Si la persona percibe dos estímulos, estamos ante dos campos receptores. Si es uno, será un campo.</p>
<p>2)      Los campos receptores suelen mostrar solapamiento. Por lo que hay una región en la que cuando le llega un estímulo, activa a los dos receptores. Sirve para indicar la zona de procedencia.</p>
<p>3)      A lo largo del campo de recepción hay una graduación de la respuesta o de la sensibilidad del receptor. El campo receptor esta graduado en zonas. Si se activa por ejemplo la zona 1, se obtiene una respuesta (x potenciales de acción por segundo). Las otras zonas tienen respuestas distintas. La graduación se produce desde la zona de mayor respuesta hasta el resto de menor respuesta. Por lo tanto la sensibilidad no es homogénea dentro del propio campo.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Vías centrales para la somestesia:</span></strong></p>
<p>Existen dos rutas para reconocer la sensación tactil:</p>
<p>1) Ruta del tacto fino:</p>
<p><a rel="attachment wp-att-338" href="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/mecanorreceptores-somestesicos/ruta-del-tacto-fino/"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-338" title="Ruta del tacto fino" src="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/ruta-del-tacto-fino.jpg" alt="Ruta del tacto fino" width="847" height="298" /></a></p>
<p>El estímulo llega a una región derecha del cuerpo y se transmite la información pasando por la médula espinal. Al llegar al bulbo raquídeo la neurona que transporta la información hace “relevo” y la pasa a otra. De la tarea de pasar la información se encargan los núcleos de la columna dorsal. En el tálamo la información viaja al lado izquierdo del cerebro y se vuelve a pasar el relevo, esta vez en el núcleo ventral. Ya en el telencélo y concretamente en la corteza somatosensorial, se integra la información.</p>
<p>2)  Ruta del tacto grueso.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a rel="attachment wp-att-340" href="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/mecanorreceptores-somestesicos/ruta-del-tacto-grueso-2/"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-340" title="Ruta del tacto grueso" src="http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/ruta-del-tacto-grueso1.jpg" alt="Ruta del tacto grueso" width="710" height="243" /></a></p>
<p>Cuando el estímulo llega a un receptor de la derecha, la información viaja hasta la médula espinal, donde se releva a otra neurona y se cambia el cirtcuito hacia la zona izquierda del cerebro. Desde allí la información viaja directamente hasta el tálamo donde vuelve a hacerse relevo. Ya en el telencéfalo se procesa la información en la coreza somatosensorial.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Procesamiento central de la entrada somestésica:</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span></strong></p>
<p>Obedece a un código de líne marcado. Es decir que se activan las rutas anteriores desde el receptor a la corteza somatosensorial primaria. El campo sensorial también se identifica mediante un código de línea marcada. Esto se conoce cmo representación somatorópica. Cuando recibe un estímulo no se activa toda la corteza, sino la parte que procesa el campo sensorial determinado.</p>
<p>Además la reproducción somatotópica es desproporcionada. Esto quiere decir que regiones pequeñas como las manos y la cara, acupan grandes regiones en la corteza para ser procesadas. En general, regiones con pequeñas campos recpetivos, ocupan grandes regiones de la corteza.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Teoría de la barrera del dolor:</span></strong></p>
<p>Cuando te haces algún tipo de daño (dolor) se tiende a lamer o acariciar la zona de dolor. Esto se debe a que la ruta de dolor y tacto comparten la misma vía. Al activar receptores del tacto se inhiben las vías nociceptivas. En esta base se asienta la acupuntura.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Organización general del sistema nervioso]]></title>
<link>http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/organizacion-general-del-sistema-nervioso/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 12:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>tsalawaly</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tsalawaly.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/organizacion-general-del-sistema-nervioso/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[División del sistema nervioso: Se divide en dos grandes regiones: sistema nervioso central (SNC) y s]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>División del sistema nervioso:</strong></p>
<p>Se divide en dos grandes regiones: sistema nervioso central (SNC) y sistema nervioso periférico (SNP).</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" width="287" valign="top">Sistema nervioso central</td>
<td colspan="3" width="294" valign="top">Sistema nervioso periférico</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="144" valign="top">Encéfalo o cerebro</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="144" valign="top">Médula espinal (columna vertebral)</td>
<td colspan="2" width="150" valign="top">Nervios: agrupaciones de axones que traen o portan información.</td>
<td rowspan="2" width="144" valign="top">Ganglios: agrupaciones de neuronas externas al SNC.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="77" valign="top">Nervios Craneales: parten del encéfalo.</td>
<td width="73" valign="top">Nervios Espinales: conectan al sistema somático.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144"></td>
<td width="144"></td>
<td width="78"></td>
<td width="74"></td>
<td width="144"></td>
</tr>
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<p>&#160;</p>
<p><strong>Macroanatomía del encéfalo:</strong></p>
<p>Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo embrionario lo que primero aparece es el tubo neuronal cuya parte anterior se expande para formar lo que se será el futuro encéfalo. Esta expansión sufre un primer estrechamiento o constricción conocida como flexión cefálica, quedando dividida en dos partes. La aparición de una segunda constricción llamada istmo hará que la expansión se divida en tres zonas (vesículas) que darán lugar a las distintas partes del encéfalo: prosencéfalo, mesencéfalo y rombencéfalo. Estas tres zonas de dividirán en cinco zonas:</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" width="192" valign="top">Prosencéfalo</td>
<td width="192" valign="top">Mesencéfalo</td>
<td colspan="2" width="192" valign="top">Rombencéfalo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="96" valign="top">Telencéfalo (parte más anterior)</td>
<td width="96" valign="top">Diencéfalo</td>
<td width="192" valign="top">Mesencéfalo o cerebro medio</td>
<td width="96" valign="top">Metencéfalo</td>
<td width="96" valign="top">Mielencéfalo</td>
</tr>
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<td width="96"></td>
<td width="96"></td>
<td width="192"></td>
<td width="96"></td>
<td width="96"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><strong>Conceptos básicos de neuroanatomía:</strong></p>
<p>-          Soma o cuerpo neuronal: región de la neurona en la que se localiza el núcleo y la mayor parte de los orgánulos.</p>
<p>-          Sustancia gris: zonas del cerebro de aspecto grisáceo cuando se ve en fresco. Se corresponde con regiones donde hay somas.</p>
<p>-          Sustancia blanca: aspecto blanquecino del tejido en fresco. Está formado por los axones que discurren por el sistema nervioso. Será más blanco conforme tenga más mielina.</p>
<p>Los somas se pueden agrupar de tres formas diferentes:</p>
<p>-          Núcleos: grupo de somas que están muy próximos entre sí. El conjunto de somas es de manera ovoidea.</p>
<p>-          Formación reticular: los somas están dispuestos de manera laxa y poco cercana. En forma de red.</p>
<p>-          Capa o lámina: los somas forman un estrato.</p>
<p>Los axones se organizan en forma de fascículos, vía o tracto. Todas corresponden a paquetes de axones que coinciden en el punto de origen y destino. Ejemplo: tracto cortico/espinal que nace en la corteza y va hasta la médula espinal.</p>
<p><strong>Microanatomía cerebral y espinal:</strong></p>
<p>1)      Telencéfalo: Formado por la corteza y los núcleos de la base (importantes para el tono muscular). La corteza está dividida en lóbulos como el del área motora.</p>
<p>2)      Diencéfalo: Dividido en tres partes. En la parte más dorsal aparece la epífisis o glándula pineal (tercer ojo de los reptiles) importante en el control de los ritmos biológicos. En la parte intermedia aparece el tálamo que posee núcleos que reciben información y la mandan a otra región; y el núcleo geniculado medial que recibe información del oído y la envía a la corteza. En la parte ventral aparece el hipotálamo dónde se encuentra la hipófisis que es importante en el control hormonal.</p>
<p>3)      Mesencéfalo: En su parte dorsal aparece los colículos superiores (implicados en la orientación) y los colículos inferiores (implicados en la percepción auditiva). En la parte intermedia y ventral aparecen diversos núcleos como el núcleo rojo (encargado del control motor) y la formación reticular del mesencéfalo que es el sistema generador del motor y ciclos vigilia/sueño.</p>
<p>4)      Metencéfalo: En la parte dorsal aparece el cerebelo y en las partes intermedias y ventral (conocidas como protuberancia o región del puente) hay núcleos como el núcleo vestibular y la formación reticular.</p>
<p>5)      Mielencéfalo o bulbo raquídeo: Tiene varios núcleos como los núcleos de la columna dorsal (encargados del tacto), control del ritmo cardíaco y tono vascular; y el control de la respiración.</p>
<p><strong>Pares craneales:</strong></p>
<p>Son los nervios que vinculan al encéfalo con el cuerpo. Se denominan pares porque llagan uno a cada lado del cerebro. Son doce:</p>
<p>-           I: nervio olfatorio.</p>
<p>-           II: nervio óptico</p>
<p>-           III: nervio oculomotor</p>
<p>-           IV: nervio troclear</p>
<p>-          V: nercio trigémino.</p>
<p>-          VI: nervio abducens</p>
<p>-          VII: nervio facial</p>
<p>-          VIII: nervio vestibulococlear</p>
<p>-          IX: nervio glosofaríngeo</p>
<p>-          X: nervio vago</p>
<p>-          XI: nervio accesorio espinal</p>
<p>-          XII: nervio hipogloso</p>
<p>Recientes estudios también hacen mención a un par 0 que tiene relación con los nervios que inervan el órgano vomeronasal encargado de la percepción de las hormonas.</p>
<p><strong>Tipos de células del sistema nervioso:</strong></p>
<p>Además de las neuronas aparecen una serie de células accesorias llamadas células de la glía que se dividen en dos grupos.</p>
<p>-          Macroglía: con funciones de sostén y nutricionales. Estas son: oligodendrocitos, células de Schwann y astrocitos.</p>
<p>-          Microglía: participan en las respuestas defensivas.</p>
<p>Actualmente varios estudios han demostrado que además de las funciones de sostén y nutrición, las células de la glía tienen implicación en la coordinación de la información transmitida por las neuronas. Actuarían regulando la velocidad de transmisión de los impulsos eléctricos.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[lions, tigers and bears oh my]]></title>
<link>http://foodistsunited.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/lions-tigers-and-bears-oh-my/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 04:22:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bethwillson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://foodistsunited.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/lions-tigers-and-bears-oh-my/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This isn&#8217;t about food. It&#8217;s about us. It&#8217;s about them. Them, in this case, is all ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>This isn&#8217;t about food. It&#8217;s about us. It&#8217;s about them. Them, in this case, is all the other species. I read the other day that in just one or two more decades there won&#8217;t be any more lions left in the wild. That&#8217;s just 10 -20 years from now! I may have grandchildren who don&#8217;t know what it&#8217;s like to have wild animals on planet earth like I grew up with. A couple of weeks ago I read how there are less than 4000 tigers in the wild and over 10,000 in captivity. Only about 1000 of those being in zoos with the rest owned privately. The point here is that the wildlife on our planet isn&#8217;t very wild anymore. The wild places are being developed, cleared and taken over by us, the homo sapiens. I don’t even like to think about the reported over 27,000 species per year going extinct. The planet is considered by scientists today to be going through a mass extinction even as I write this. It’s not from any sudden cataclysmic event like the causes of past earth extinctions that we know of. As I found on the site: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/2/l_032_04.html , “it&#8217;s not a chance asteroid collision, nor a chain of climatic circumstances alone that&#8217;s at fault. Instead, it is chiefly the activities of an ever-growing human population, in concert with long-term environmental change”. What is wrong with us as a species that we cannot see, acknowledge or figure out how to live on this planet without using up and destroying everything else on a scale rivaling global annihilation of life? I think we have the mental capability to figure out how to do it, easily. We have the resources on the planet, if it&#8217;s not too late, to make the things we need in a sustainable way so we stop the destruction and endless exhaustion of resources. We certainly have the numbers of people to do the physical work required for any project, even on a global scale. We have the pooled finances between us to accomplish anything we want, which shouldn’t even be an issue since it’s our responsibility for messing it up in the first place. There is no reason I can think of why we, the homo sapiens, as a species do not, can not and are not stopping the waste and destruction of the planet itself and every living species on it, including ourselves &#8230; except plain old laziness. I would have said ignorance, but I think even the most remote members of indigenous tribes are getting the gist of things aren&#8217;t going along like they used to. Many or most of us see or have heard things on the planet aren’t all that great. I don’t mean to belittle us all when I say laziness but I feel it myself. It’s too much sometimes to have to think about the burden of changing my whole lifestyle to do my share to effect the changes we all need to make in the world for it to survive. It’s easier for us to just wish it weren’t the way it is. Hope someone else will take care of it. Trust the planet will heal itself and it’ll all just all be ok like we took for granted it always would be, without us as an individual having to do anything or change our life. But it just can’t go on like it has and still is. It is like a bubble getting bigger and bigger. It will burst. There is no place on the planet that is not at least beginning to feel the squeeze of human encroachment from the swell of our population. There are just too many people to support the way the global economy has been set up. Sure it&#8217;s nice to have everything and anything we can think of right down the road, 24/7, but we also have to consider the cost. We must either willingly realize what we are doing and change our ways soon or we will sooner or later, inevitably be forced to change, like it or not. Just like our recent global financial meltdown, the rampant resource-based consumerism will melt down because the stuff to make it all just won&#8217;t be there anymore. I knew someone once who had a job just to earn the money to go shopping at Wal-Mart and other discount stores because it made her happy. That’s what she enjoyed doing. Driving to the stores to buy stuff she didn’t need just to have something enjoyable to do. Seriously, there are alternatives and we have to stop being stupid. What really concerns me most is the soil, water and other resources that won’t be there to make the stuff we call food. We take it for granted more than anything else. Food is everywhere in our world. It’s there in a dazzling array of endless variety in the supermarkets scattered across this country not more than 5 miles away from any of us, if that far and usually at least a convenience store much closer open 24 hours a day! Without lifting a finger, to grow, make or produce it, we have abundant, pretty food at our fingertips practically all the time. I guess this little blog was about food after all. That’s all I have to say about this for now. Don’t know what to do in my immediate world about the lions and tigers but be sad for their plight. And I also wish, hope that somewhere, someone on this planet can effect the changes that need to be made before it’s too late for everything.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Possibility Of Neanderthal/Homo Sapiens Sex?]]></title>
<link>http://gracelessland.wordpress.com/2009/11/08/possibility-of-neanderthalhomo-sapiens-sex/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Eric Nicolas</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gracelessland.wordpress.com/2009/11/08/possibility-of-neanderthalhomo-sapiens-sex/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This Fox News story asks the question: Did Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens do the nasty? Our question ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>This Fox News story asks the question: <a title="Let's shamble over to Fox News and grunt" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,572575,00.html" target="_blank">Did Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens do the nasty?</a> Our question would be: And did they take pictures? And why did we survive and Neanderthals die-out? Was it because they had inadequate health care?</p>
<p>Does Neanderthal/Homo Sapiens inter-breeding explain political conservatism? There are so many questions that only continued research can answer.</p>
<div id="attachment_281" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 460px"><img class="size-full wp-image-281" title="neanderthals" src="http://gracelessland.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/neanderthals.jpg" alt="Early Republicans realize they may have made a mistake" width="450" height="350" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Early Republicans realize they may have made a mistake</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[No apague la luz]]></title>
<link>http://contingenthistory.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/no-apague-la-luz/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:09:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fedabe</dc:creator>
<guid>http://contingenthistory.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/no-apague-la-luz/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[¿Quién eres? ¿Necesito hablar contigo? ¿Lo obvio? ¿Lo que tampoco es real? ¿Quién eres? El frío es t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-149" title="lanterno" src="http://contingenthistory.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/lanterno.jpg" alt="lanterno" width="400" height="299" /></p>
<p>¿Quién eres? ¿Necesito hablar contigo? ¿Lo obvio? ¿Lo que tampoco es real? ¿Quién eres? El frío es todo lo que hay allá afuera, si quieres saber. Los postes de luz y esa luz tan extraña que multiplica las sombras y recrea los pasos en rutas imposibles. Qué bien que te va, que bueno ser lo que sos. Ya logro acomodarme en la palma de una mano. Cor et manus. Tienes razón. No tengo porque hablarte así. Al fin que somos extraños. Esa amabilidad cordial entre desconocidos. Así somos todos aquí, seguro ya se lo han dicho. Las puteadas entre dientes. Pero soy un dictador, no lo olvide.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Artikel-Reihe: Der Verein Kirche – Teil 3]]></title>
<link>http://muskelkater.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/artikel-reihe-der-verein-kirche-%e2%80%93-teil-3/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 16:51:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Muskelkater</dc:creator>
<guid>http://muskelkater.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/artikel-reihe-der-verein-kirche-%e2%80%93-teil-3/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Womit hat denn der Glaube begonnen? Um es gleich zu Anfang noch einmal zu betonen: Hier in dieser Ar]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --></p>
<h2><span style="color:#00ccff;"><strong>Womit hat denn der Glaube begonnen?</strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1113" title="verein_kirche_75" src="http://muskelkater.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/verein_kirche_75.jpg" alt="verein_kirche_75" width="143" height="137" />Um es gleich zu Anfang noch einmal zu betonen: Hier in dieser Artikel-Reihe wird nicht am Glauben jedes einzelnen gerüttelt, gleich welcher Art dieser auch ist. Es wird auch nicht versucht werden, gläubige Menschen mit Gegenbeweisen zu seinem Glauben zu kränken, denn der Glaube ist Privateigentum und deshalb geschützt. &#8211; Gleichwohl werden aber wissenschaftliche Thesen und Beweise erläutert werden, die zwar dem Glauben an sich nicht schaden, aber zu neuen Erkenntnissen führen. Das einzige, was diese Reihe letztendlich möchte, ist die Menschen mit Tatsachen aufzuklären, über die Entstehung des Glaubens und vor allem: den Kirchenverein und dessen Machenschaften im Laufe der Jahrhunderte, die die Menschen zu fügbare Geschöpfe einiger teilweise sogar selbst ernannter Päpste, Päpstinnen, Kardinäle und anderen gewalttätigen Gaunern dieser Vereine machte und sie bis auf den heutigen Tag im Namen des Glaubens immer wieder ausbeutet. Ich werde dieses in dieser Artikel-Reihe auch beweisen und das Ganze auf erzählerischer Art machen, damit dadurch auch etwas mehr Schwung und Spannung in die ganze Sache kommt, obwohl die Menschheitsgeschichte an sich schon spannend genug ist.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">In der Bibel steht in der Übersetzung von Martin Luther: „Gott der Herr schuf in sieben Tagen den Himmel und die Erde und alles, was da fliegt und fleucht“. Viele tun dieses einfach mit der Hand abwinkend als Märchen ab. Das tue ich nicht! &#8211; Denn die Menschen damals haben einfach eine Erklärung gesucht, die ihr Dasein beweisen könnte. Noch vor 500 Jahren glaubten alle Menschen, die Erde sei eine Scheibe, und einige der ewig unbelehrbaren Diener des Kirchenvereins halten die Erde noch heute für den Mittelpunkt des Universums. Ebenfalls bezeichnen viele, vor allem streng gläubige Menschen unserer Tage, die Mondlandung 1969 als Ergebnis einer gut gemachten Studioaufnahme. Und Christopher Columbus war überzeugt, Indien zu entdecken, fand aber die Karibik und damit nach den norwegischen Wikingern als zweiter Europäer den Erdteil Amerika. &#8211; Was hindert uns also daran, diese Aussagen der Bibel oder anderer Glaubensbücher einfach als Erklärungsversuch hinzunehmen und nicht immer wieder auf den Wahrheitsgehalt zu prüfen. Wenn damals also von Welt gesprochen wurde, war das einfach ihre kleine begrenzte Welt, die auch nur aus einem Dorf bestehen konnte, weil sie, die Bewohner, nie darüber hinaus kamen. Erst heute in unserer Zeit entdecken wir das gesamte Ausmaß einer Welt, die teilweise sogar noch über unseren geistigen Horizont hinaus geht, wenn man das Universum mit seinen unzähligen Galaxien mit einbezieht.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><!--more--></span></p>
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<p><span style="color:#000000;">Auch das der Mensch vom Affen abstammt, bezweifle ich ganz stark. Er ist mit den Affen, wie im letzten Kapitel erwähnt, verwandt, ganz klar. Aber genauso wenig, wie der Schimpanse vom Orang-Utan abstammt, sondern einfach nur ein Verwandter dessen ist, ebenso wenig ist der Mensch ein Bruder des Gorilla. <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Aber:</span> dieser Verwandte des Affen hatte ein besonderes Kennzeichen: Er konnte artikulieren! &#8211; Die Folge davon war, dass er von den Bäumen herunter in die Savanne stieg und anfing, sich aufzurichten. Er stand deshalb auf beiden Beinen, um weit über das hohe Gras der Savanne blicken zu können, falls sich ein Feind nähern sollte.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Dieses Aufrichten auf zwei Beine und Füße hatte aber die erste gravierende neue Entwicklung zum Menschsein eingeläutet. Denn der Abstand von den Geschlechtsorganen zum Gehirn vergrößerte sich physikalischerweise beim aufrechten Gehen. Das Gehirn vergrößerte sich und der Instinkt entwickelte sich dadurch, im Gegensatz zu den anderen immer noch auf vier Beinen laufenden Lebewesen, langsam aber sicher zurück und machte Platz für eine ebenfalls langsam aber sicher verlaufende neue Entwicklung: dem Denken.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Und dieses Denken begann nicht etwa mit der Erfindung des Rades. Nein, dieser Prozess hatte noch viel viel früher seine Premiere und hatte Auswirkungen auf den Glauben der damaligen und heutigen Zeit. Betrachten wir doch einfach mal die Entwicklung des Geistes, so in etwa, wie es sich damals abgespielt haben könnte, im Schnelldurchlauf:</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Der kurz vorher vom Baum gekletterte Verwandte des Affen sucht sich eine Höhle, wo er sich gegen Übergriffe seiner natürlichen Feinde wie etwa dem Tiger besser verteidigen kann und vor den Unwillen des Wetters geschützt ist. Was im Nachhinein betrachtet ja auch wieder ein enormer Wissenszuwachs bedeutet, aber immer noch dem Instinkt zuzuordnen ist. Dort entdeckt er jetzt aber seine Einzigartigkeit gegenüber allen anderen Geschöpfen: er hat einen Daumen, der in einer anderen Richtung funktioniert als die restlichen Finger. Mit diesem und den anderen Fingern kann er viel besser als alle anderen Lebewesen etwas greifen, es umfassen, es … zu seinem wichtigsten körpereigenen Gebrauchsgegenstand machen. Vielleicht war es ihm selber nicht so ganz bewusst, aber es war ein großartiger Sieg des Geistes, der größte Schritt zur Menschwerdung durch diese einzigartige Entdeckung und Erkenntnis. &#8211; Denn er sucht sich daraufhin Steine, die weicher sind als die Höhlenwände und zeichnet damit auf, wie seine Feinde aussehen. Er erfindet Waffen, um seinen Feinden zu begegnen und gleichzeitig entdeckt er, dass er mit den gleichen Waffen auch besser jagen kann, um sich Nahrung zu beschaffen und diese anschließend damit auch in Einzelteile zu zerlegen. Dann zeichnet er an die Höhlenwände auch seine Jagdbeute und mit kleinen Zeichenbewegungen mit Händen und Füßen und vor allem den Fingern und zusätzlichen einigen ganz neuen Grunzlauten macht er sich gegenüber seinen Stammesangehörigen bemerkbar und einige Laute formen ganz urplötzlich Worte und führen damit zu einer Verständigung, die jeder begreift und so langsam aber sicher zu einer Sprache führt, die jeder innerhalb seines Stammes verstehen kann.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Diese Abhandlungen des vorigen Absatzes geschahen natürlich nicht an einem Tag, sondern brauchten auch eine Entwicklungszeit von mehreren tausend Jahren. Aber das Ergebnis bleibt gleich: Mit der Entdeckung des aufrechten Ganges und den Gebrauch aller Finger einschließlich des Daumens begann der Verwandte des Affen, ein Mensch zu werden. Sein Gehirn und damit seine geistige und schöpferische Kraft war zum Leben erweckt worden. Aber auch der Wunsch zur Macht, über andere erhaben zu sein&#8230;</span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Eines Tages versammelte sich ein Stamm dieser neuen „Menschen“ in der Savanne um ein gerade erlegtes Wollnashorn, welches sie in einer Falle erlegt hatten, und schlugen sich gerade den Bauch voll von rohem (!) Fleisch, als es anfing zu regnen. Flugs sammelten sie das Fleisch zusammen und legten es unter einem Affenbrotbaum, um es vor dem Regen zu schützen. Eine dunkle Wolke überzog den Himmel, sodass der Stamm unwillkürlich eng zusammen rückte. Ein Blitz schlug aus dieser dunklen Wolke und traf den Affenbrotbaum, der sofort Feuer fing und das Fleisch des Wollnashornes vernichtete. &#8211; Vernichtete? &#8211; Ein gewitztes Stammesmitglied flitzte sofort hin, um zu sehen, was von dem Fleisch noch übrig geblieben war, kostete von dem vom Blitz und dem Brand gebratenen Fleisch, schrie plötzlich auf und gestikulierte wild, alle sollten herkommen. Denn das jetzt gebratene Fleisch schmeckte einfach köstlich.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Ein anderer vom Stamm saß aber etwas abseits und grübelte. Denn er hatte etwas anderes gesehen und gehört. Etwas, was keiner seiner Kameraden gesehen hatte. Etwas, was ihn und seinesgleichen in späteren Zeiten zu einem Schamanen und/oder Priester werden ließ: Er hatte eine Stimme gehört.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Er hatte eine Stimme gehört, die nur er hören konnte, denn sie entsprang seinem Geist. Er hörte aber diese Stimme, als wenn jemand anderer zu ihm sprach. Er hörte diese Stimme und wusste gleich, dass er auserkoren war, diese Botschaft zu verbreiten. Diese Stimme sagte ihm, dass nur er bestimmt sei, die Wahrheit kund zu tun. Denn diese Stimme sprach zu ihm: „Ich habe dir das Feuer gesandt, damit du mit den Deinen besser leben kannst. Bewahre dieses Feuer und bringe es allen anderen Stämmen. Denn ich bin dein Herr und ich bestimme über dein Wohlsein. Du bist der Auserwählte meines Volkes, um anderen die Wahrheit zu verkünden“.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Selbstredend, dass diese Stimme zuerst einmal Unbehagen bei unserem ersten Priester der Menschheitsgeschichte hervor rief. Aber er fasste sich sofort wieder und machte den anderen seines Stammes mit Gesten und auch mit neuen kurzen Worten zu verstehen, dass sie dieses Feuer nicht löschen, sondern bewahren sollten.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Ebenfalls selbstredend (und es braucht auch nicht mal betont zu werden), dass dieser Stammesgenosse zum quasi Allmächtigen aufstieg und von ihm behauptet wurde, dass er mit den Göttern im Bunde sei, obwohl man annehmen darf, dass die Menschen der Frühzeit noch keinen Gedanken an irgendwelche Götter verschwendeten. Für sie war einfach die Tatsache ausschlaggebend, dass ihr neuer Prophet eine übergeordnete Stimme empfing, die zu etwas Gutem geführt hatte. Gebratenes Fleisch zum Beispiel.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Die Idee des gebratenen Fleisches und der Bewahrung des Feuers verbreitete sich als erste Religion unserer Erde rasend schnell. Und unser erster Priester, nennen wir ihn einfach mal „Bruzel“ (das heißt „Der, der den guten Braten fand“), wurde zum Urfürsten der göttlichen Gabe, denn alles, war er ab diesem Zeitpunkt sagte, wurde als eine Weisheit aufgenommen und damit die Wahrheit des Stammes.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Aber das ist eine neue Geschichte und wird in Teil 4 mit dem Titel „Beginn einer Religion? &#8211; Oder Natur?“ erzählt. Seid also gespannt, was die Geschichte des Lebens sonst noch so bringt&#8230;</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Discovering Our True Diversity]]></title>
<link>http://woowooteacup.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/discovering-our-true-diversity/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2009 01:32:20 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>woowooteacup</dc:creator>
<guid>http://woowooteacup.wordpress.com/2009/11/06/discovering-our-true-diversity/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve made a decision. I&#8217;m no longer going to fill out the race/ethnicity/culture questio]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I&#8217;ve made a decision. I&#8217;m no longer going to fill out the race/ethnicity/culture question on surveys anymore. You know, the question that asks you to indicate whether you are White or Caucasian or Hispanic or Latino or African-American or Asian American or Pacific Islander or Native American or whatever other little box surveyors want to plug you into.</p>
<p>My decision has arisen from an uncomfortable exchange that occurred at a meeting this week. During the exchange, it was pointed out that Hispanic or Latino people can be Caucasian. It was something I had never considered before, but of course makes perfect sense when examining history. Some Hispanics trace their ancestry back to Spain, which is included among historically <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_race" target="_blank">Caucasian</a> countries.</p>
<p>Why, then, has Caucasian come to mean &#8220;white,&#8221; but not Hispanic or Latino?</p>
<p>After the confusion caused by the uncomfortable exchange, a friend of mine posted a link to help clear things up: <a href="http://campello.tripod.com/hispanic.html" target="_blank">Hispanics and Latinos: A Culture, Not a Race!</a></p>
<p>This article points out that Hispanics and Latinos can be white, black, Asian, Indian, and mestizo &#8211; basically any race. What makes Hispanics Hispanic is a shared cultural legacy and common language, although there is plenty of diversity within this larger classification.</p>
<p>Why do surveys, particularly government surveys, insist on listing Hispanic or Latino as though this cultural group is a racial group? (No wonder those of us who don&#8217;t have intimate knowledge of this culture are confused. )</p>
<p>The more I thought about this, the more I realized that the classifications are not truly appropriate all the way around. The boxes given for us to choose from are like comparing apples to bananas; they don&#8217;t compare things equally.</p>
<p>Hispanic or Latino describes a culture; Pacific Islander describes a geographic origin; Native American is supposed to describe the original peoples in what is now the United States (some Latinos also fit this designation), but could just as easily be used to describe anyone born in the country; African-American can describe race and ancestry; and then we come to White, which describes only skin color, but says nothing about ancestry or culture.</p>
<p>The whole answer scheme for this question is a mess and it doesn&#8217;t do justice to the country&#8217;s (or the world&#8217;s) true diversity.</p>
<p>I think surveys need to be rewritten in order to properly account for our racial and cultural diversity. Instead of asking one question with predetermined check-boxes, I&#8217;d have two, maybe three, sections.</p>
<p>One section would ask for birthplace in order to determine country of origin. (Did you know that Dave Matthews could be considered an African-American? He was born in South Africa to parents who were U.S. citizens.)</p>
<p>The second section would ask for cultural association and/or ancestry. While it would be easier for surveyors to supply check-boxes for this, I&#8217;d advise against it. I think people should be able to write in their cultural associations and ancestries. Specificity would be encouraged. A Native American could say he is from the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe and has Anishinaabeg, French, and English ancestry. I could claim my Swedish, Danish, Polish, and French-Austrian heritage and say that I associate with a general Minnesotan or Mid-Western culture.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m iffy on the third section because describing people by skin tone seems to be what causes rancor between races, but if there had to be some identifier along these lines, I&#8217;d supply a gridded skin-tone color chart and allow people to choose the color that most closely matches their skin. The grid would assist surveyors in compiling results. I&#8217;d make this an optional question, not only in the interest of personal sensitivity, but also to take into account those who are color blind or have other eyesight issues.</p>
<p>As this sort of nuanced questioning isn&#8217;t likely in the foreseeable future, I&#8217;ll stick with my decision to skip the race/ethnicity question on surveys. Maybe I&#8217;ll write in &#8220;homo sapiens.&#8221;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Save. Save. Save! ]]></title>
<link>http://esoramarose.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/save-save-save/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2009 18:46:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>esoramarose</dc:creator>
<guid>http://esoramarose.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/save-save-save/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Tired of Spending Too Much? Here are Tips on How to Trim them Down! Confused between your wants and ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Tired of Spending Too Much? Here are Tips on How to Trim them Down! Confused between your wants and ]]></content:encoded>
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