è ancora tempo per fare gli ultimi download per Asphalt 5.
potete scaricarlo da quì
Ricordo che pesa 240 mb.

è un gioco creato dai creatori di Final Fantasy, Square Enix.
Si basa nei gioci 2D di Final Fantasy per gba, ma ovviamente è una storia totalmente diversa.
Ha delle basi diverse, perchè voi dovrete attaccare dei castelli nel gioco. ma è comunque un RPG molto interessante da giocare.
La pecca di questo gioco è la mancanza della nostra lingua (come sempre).
Il gioco potete scaricarlo da quì
e quì potete vedere il video in considerazione

Il gioco dove utilizzi l’accelerometro per portare la palla a destinazione è stata aggiornata!
Fra poco deve arrivare Labyrinth 2. Molti gli piace di questo gioco, e sono anche impazienti dell’arrivo, in tanto viene questo aggiornamento appena arrivato, e quindi vi invitiamo ad ascoltare a chi piace.
La versione è la 1.7, che include:
- Miglioramento grafica in-game di rendering
- Livello più veloce di carico e di commutazione
- Interfaccia utente grafica
- Miglioramento delle ombre
E dovrebbe includere nuovi livelli che ci aspettiamo nel Labyrinth 2.
Potete comparlo dal link itunes.
Potete scaricare Labyrinth 1.7 da quì

One word…AMAZING!!! Has more of an orange citrus flavor than Stone’s IPA. Rich hop flavor with a nice mixture of floral and herbal flavors. – s

Stefan:

Blind Pig

Name: Blind Pig

Style: IPA

Brewery: Russian River Brewing Company website

Country: USA

Region: Santa Rosa, California

ABV: 6.10%

How served: 500 ml bottle poured into a Duvel Tulip.

My Overall Opinion: Very Good.

I paired this beer with: some pre-thanksgiving snacks.

Tasted on: Thursday November 26, 2009

Note: Great nose, but what does one expect when you get a fresh Californian hopped beer.  Bottled on 10 30 09

 “Blind Pig IPA: Blind Pig IPA was originally brewed by Vinnie at Blind Pig Brewing Co. in Temecula CA. Inspired by the original Blind Pig IPA, this beer is loaded with hop character but only has 6.0% ABV.

6.0%ABV, 1.060 O.G

Silver Medal, 2007 GABF (American IPA)
Gold Medal, 2006 World Beer Cup (American IPA Category)

Available year round in the pub, for distribution, and in 500mL bottles.”

Pour tout ceux qui ne souhaitent pas se compliquer la vie, voilà toutes les réponses aux questions posées sur Appulo.us

Q: Kyek modified a Greasemonkey plugin to allow you to see if an Appulous IPA link was dead before you clicked it. The original plugin was the ________ Links Checker.
A: cavern

Q: You ssh to your phone and decide to rename “Documents” to “Other crap”. Type the command to do it, without using quotes.
A: mv Documents Other\ crap

Q:You’re connected to our IRC server. To join our room, what would you type?
A: /join #chatulous

Q: They need to do way _________ mother.
A: instain

Q: Appulous had a two-page feature in what German publication last September? (It looks like a typo… but it’s not!)
A: pc magazin

Q: I made a job listing on rent-a-coder for someone to make an Appulous knockoff for my site. Kyek accepted the job under another name and pwned me  . But we’re cool now. Who am I?
A: Pr0x

Q: This site made a bad knockoff of Appulous to try to get hits, but ended up getting DDoSed until they took it down. It’s ____________.com.
A: IModZone

Q: My name used to be Omgwtf. Who am I now?
A: saladfork 

Q: Before Genius’ Hackulous tag said “Root Admin”, what did it say?
A: President

Q: Convert this to ASCII: 0×20496c31497c4f306f272222272020. (Okok, so maybe I’m a *little* evil. I’m just looking forward to constantly refreshing the password-sharing sites and laughing maniacally xD)
A: [space]Il1I|O0o’””‘[space][space]      — Copy and Paste what you see inside the brackets —>{Il1I|O0o’””‘  } including spaces but not the {} brackets

Meaning the answer is [space]Il1I|O0o’””‘[space][space] each [space] is a space key with your SPACEBAR. So you would type in… type in spacebarIllI|O0o’””’spacebar spacebar

Q: You ssh into your phone and need to make a symlink from “cow” to “chicken”. Type the command.
A: ln -s cow chicken

Q: I have two Hackulous accounts: My main one, and one I made just for fun. Which is the latter?
A: thepoet

Q: TheMonkeysBall.com was a two-man team: Wyze and _____________.
A: Scuzzy19

Q: Who wrote the code that powered TheMonkeysBall.com?
A: wyze

Q: What parent company hosted TheMonkeysBall.com?
A: OVH

Q: I wrote this command-line app to take revenge on those trying to sell cracked apps.
A: grabulous

Q: Yo dawg we herd you liked trolling so we put a password in your password so you can ______________.
A: Troll while you troll

Q: I was part of the team that discovered how to crack apps. My name is ________-fr.
A: iceman

Q: Who was the first person to start mass-cracking “self-aware” apps? (Transmit your answer in unison, K?)
A: panik

Q: Who did Labrat attempt to con into writing a private Appulous clone for his website?
A: andydam

Q: If the permissions are r-xrwxrwx, who can’t write?
A: owner

Q: ‘Salad fork is slightly _______ ‘ ?
A: forky

Q: To whom did SaladFork turn over the Crackulous project?
A: `Angel

Q: Who leaked the original Crackulous source code?
A: cdecl

Q: What feature of PHP 5.3 does Appulous make the most use of in itsdatabase system?
A: Late static binding

Q: The Appulous test servers, on which new backend code and server configs are tested semi-publicly before moving to production, are provided by what company?
A: Amazon

Q: Approximately how many douchebags are trying to promote their lame websites, youtube accounts, and duplicate facebook groups by claiming they have the answers to these questions?
B: over 9,000

Q: B00sted4fun’s Russian repo was hosted by what company
A: Dreamhost

Q: What was the name of the app written specifically for downloading and installing IPAs from the b00sted4fun repository, and who wrote it? Answer in the format “APPNAME by AUTHOR
A: APPSHARE by FLAWLESS

Q: Who ran the most successful and largest IPA site before Appulous?
A: B00sted4fun (two zeros)

Q: This domain name got popular when the site admin started bundling IPA files into torrents and advertised his website in them.
A: pr0x.org

Q: When Appulous was tiny, it ran on a VPS provided by _________________.com. (Rhymes with SnapsBoasting)
A: bapshosting

Q: I work for Apple’s law firm and have been trying to get Appulous shut down since the beginning. I wish I was better at my job  . What’s Kyek’s nickname for me?
A: rammy

Q: Who is the cracker most credited with discovering the cracking method we use today?
A: lsemtex

Q: Who was the admit of Hackstore?
A: Labrat

Q: The very first public forum dedicated specifically to iPhone 2.0 app cracking was hosted at ___.com
A: haklabs

Q: What did appulous start off as _.net
A: Geniusblog

Q: Four letters. Who am I?
A: Keyk

It’s tremendous news that the brewery museum in Burton upon Trent is to reopen, though my joy that Britain, one of the world’s four or five greatest brewing nations, may finally get the celebration of its beery history that it deserves was turned down a notch by a statement from one of the people who deserves maximum praise for campaigning on behalf of the museum’s future.

Burton, he said, and he really really REALLY ought to know better, “changed the face of brewing in the 19th century with India Pale Ale and then Pale Ale for the domestic market,” which were “the first pale beers brewed anywhere in the world.”

No they blahdy weren’t – absolutely, definitely, not not not. Pale beers were being brewed long before IPA: millennia before IPA, probably. The sun-dried malt that was most likely one of the raw materials for Sumerian beer must have been very pale. Odd Nordland, the great Norwegian brewing historian, collected records of beer being made from sun-dried malt in Norway, in places like Rogaland, on the south-west coast, which “produced a very pale ale”. If you can make sun-dried pale malt in Rogaland, you can make it anywhere in Britain, and I find it almost inconceivable that pale ales weren’t being brewed with pale sun-dried malt from the moment the first brewers arrived in these islands, which was around 6,000 or so years ago.

Now, sun-dried malt, particularly in not-so-sunny climates, is not going to be easy to make and probably wasn’t common: if you sun-dry sprouting wet grain you’re risking it going mouldy before it dries, or taking too long to dry and becoming useless to brew with. Very likely most malt in our northern lands was always dried using artificial heat. If you want something organic left dry, but pale, you’ve got to dry it slowly, over a low heat – think of trying to make pale toast. That’s not necessarily difficult with fires of wood, or straw, or furze, which is what pre-Industrial Revolution maltsters used, but then you have a smoke issue: the longer the time your green malt spends over the fire, the more smoke flavour it will pick up. Smoke flavour in ale was not what most people wanted, as commentators such as William Harrison in 1587 and William Ellis, author of the London and Country Brewer, first published in 1736, make clear.

It was possible to make pale malt dried over wood: here’s William Ellis in another of his many books, The Timber Tree Improved, published in 1744, talking about the hazel tree:

“I must not pass over one other Perfection of the Wood of the Hasel, and that is, what I learned of a Maltster, near Southampton, in 1738; who told me, this Wood, above all others, when cut two Years, will burn well, and dry Malt both pale and sweet, which no other Wood, as he knew of, would, because this Wood has so thin a Rind, and is of so soft a Nature, that it quickly burns away, without sending up that pernicious Smoke, as almost all others are incident to.”

But hazel trees do not produce much burnable wood. The answer was coke, that is, coal heated in the absence of oxygen so that all the unwanted gases, in particular hydrogen sulphide, are driven off. What is left will give heat, but little or no smoke to taint the malt. Coke was invented in the North of England (it appears to be a North Country dialect word, originally meaning “core”, as if the “coakes” were the “core” of the coal), apparently in the 17th century. Its use to make malt was first taking place in Derbyshire in the early 1640s, according to John Houghton, an apothecary and part-time journalist, who issued a weekly bulletin in the 1690s and early 1700s, price two pence, called A Collection for Improvement of Agriculture and Trade. In one issue in 1693 he talked about the coal miners of Derbyshire, and added:

” The reason of Derby malt being so fine and sweet, my friend thinks is the drying it with cowks, which is a sort of coal … ’tis not above half a century of years since they dried their malt with straw (as other places now do) before they used cowkes which made that alteration since that all England admires.”

If Houghton was right in his dates, “half a century of years” before 1693 puts the start of drying malt with coke in Derbyshire back to around 1643 or so. Being shrewd observers, you’ll have noticed that Houghton does not actually mention the colour of the malt made in Derbyshire by drying it with coke, so while it might be a reasonable guess to say some or all of it was pale, to leap to the conclusion that brewers using Derby coke-dried malt were definitely making pale ales in the 1640s would be wrong. However, another late 17th century writer, Mr Christopher Merret*, “surveyor of the Port of Boston”, fills the breach, though writing about Lincolnshire, not Derby. In a paper called “An Account of Several Observables in Lincolnshire, Not Taken Notice of in Camden, or Any Other Author”, presented to the Royal Society in 1695-97, he wrote:

“Here Cool are Charred and then call’d Couk, wherewith they Dry Malt, giving little Colour or Taste to the Drink made therewith.”

So pale ale was definitely being made in Lincolnshire in the 1690s from coke-dried malt. But it was the maltsters of Derby who were producing a product from their coke-fired kilns that gave the local brewers a great reputation: Nathaniel Salmon, writing in 1728, said: “Derby Town, famous for good Beer …”. Quite likely all or most of the production was pale ale: the county was certainly a centre for pale ale production by the middle of the 18th century. The London Magazine said in April 1752, in an article called “A description of Derbyshire”, that the people there “make great quantities of malt and are famous for their pale ale.” Derby was well ahead of Burton in its development as a brewing centre. The historian RA Mott, writing in 1965, said of the town:

“In 1693, when there were 694 family houses, there were 76 malt houses and 120 ale houses, so that malt-making and brewing must have been the dominant occupations. A list of those occupied in the wool, leather, wood, metal and stone trades and the normal supply occupations left room for some 200 maltsters and brewers. Much malt was carried to the ferry on the river Trent, five miles away, whence it could go by water to London; 300 pack-horse loads (each of 6 bushels which each contained 40lb) or 32 tons were taken weekly into Lancashire and Cheshire.”

Mott, who was writing a history of coke making, says it was the demand for coke to dry malt, rather than to warm houses or make iron, that led to the rise of “merchant” coke-makers.

The earliest mention of “pale ale” I have been able to find comes from Nathan Bailey’s Universal etymological English dictionary of 1675, in an entry on “slape ale” (“pale Ale, as opposed to Ale, medicated with Wormwood or Scurvy Grass”). From the start of the 18th century, however mentions of pale ale become more frequent. A song in praise of Burton ale in a collection from 1709 called The Bottle Companions or Bacchanalian Club, being a Choice Collection of merry Drinking Songs and Healths, began: “Give us noble Ale, of the right Burton pale, and let it be sparkling and clear,” letting us know that Burton brewers, quite possibly buying their malt from Derby up the road, were brewing pale ale at least 300 years ago. One strange reference comes from a book published in 1713 called Whig and Tory, or Wit on both Sides, where among the satirical attacks is a poem that includes the lines:

“From Pale Ale with Lime in’t and Parsons’s Bub
From the Gang of Rogues at a Calve’s head Club
And the fiery Tryal of Burges’s Tub
Libera nos .”

“Parsons’s bub” – “bub” is strong drink – was probably a reference to Sir John Parsons, owner of the Red Lion brewery at St Katharine’s, near the Tower of London, later one of the great porter breweries, and the “Calve’s Head Club” was an association of radicals who met to celebrate the beheading of Charles I. Who Burges was I don’t know, although “tub” was an early 18th century slang term for a pulpit. But what’s this “Pale ale with Lime in’t”? Is this the earliest known reference to the twisted tastes that eventually led to Corona?

Whig and Tory was written at the end of the reign of Queen Anne, and it leads us on to a passage in the famous narrative by “Obadiah Poundage”, published in 1760, which said:

“Come we now to the Queen’s time … The gentry now residing in London more than they had done in former times introduced the pale ale and the pale small beer they were habituated to in the country and either engaged some of their friends or the London brewers to make for them these kinds of drinks.”

Assuming that Poundage was remembering correctly, this means that pale ale was actually being brewed in London, alongside the brown beer that was on its way to becoming porter, as far back as 1714 or earlier, and it was being brewed in the countryside, at the homes of the “gentry”, before then.

Certainly the making of pale malt appears to be widespread by the mid-18th century. The London brewer Michael Combrune An Essay on Brewing in 1758 gave a table that listed the different heats to get different colours of malt, from white, through cream, yellow, amber and “High Amber” to “Pale Brown”, “High Brown”, “Brown with Black Specks”, “Colour of Burnt Coffee”, and, finally, “Black”.  Londoners were now definitely brewing the paler article as well as the porter the city had become famous for: the London Chronicle in 1762 said that “Mr Miller, Pale-beer brewer in Shoe-lane” (off Fleet Street) had been elected a common-councilman for the ward of Farringdon without.

If we can believe the anonymous handbook Every Man his Own Brewer, written in 1766, outside the workers of London, in southern England drinkers preferred lighter-coloured brews:

“The beers brewed for domestic use are as various in their complexions and qualities as those for the market or as custom or fancy happens to dictate. In general the northern taste is Brown or Brown and Ambers mixt, the southern Amber, Amber and Pale mixt or Pale only …”

Certainly when Alexander Morrice published A Treatise on Brewing in 1802, he included several beers from southern England that had grain bills composed mostly or entirely of pale malt: Reading beer, for example, all pale malt; Amber beer, 40 per cent Herts amber malt and the rest a mixture of Herts pale and West Country pale; Table beer, 50 per cent Herts white malt, 25 per cent Herts pale and 25 per cent Herts amber (though Table beer also contained “Spanish juice”, or liquorice, which must have darkened it up); Hock, 70 per cent Herts pale and 30 per cent Herts amber; “Welch ale”, made by an elderly brewster in Caernarvon, about which Morrice said: “Their Malt was all Pale, but higher coloured than the Ware and equal to the best I ever saw”; and Windsor ale, all “best Herts pale malt”. Of Windsor ale, Morrice said:

“This Ale has experienced so great a Demand in London and its Vicinity for a few Years past as materially to affect the London Pale Beer Brewery [using "brewery" in its sense of "brewing industry"]. It is a Liquor better calculated for Winter than for the Heat of Summer. The London Brewers, however, were induced to brew upon the same Principle and in many Instances they excel the Original.”

Morrice’s use of the expression “the London Pale Beer Brewery” underlines an often ignored fact. The capital’s brewing industry in the 18th and early 19th century was divided into three classes: a mass of a hundred or more small brewers, who seem to have brewed all kinds of ale and beer; a dozen or so specialist porter brewers, all brewing on a scale somewhere between large and enormous, which included the names we are familiar with today, such as Barclay Perkins, Truman and Whitbread; and eight or so specialist ale brewers, generally smaller than the porter brewers at the beginning of the 19th century, but larger than their other, (mostly?) undifferentiated competitors. These ale brewers seem to have sold their product mostly “mild”, that is unaged, and (this is the killer point) their ale was made entirely, or almost entirely, from pale malt.

To quote just one source, Mackenzie’s Five Thousand Receipts: in All the Domestic Arts, published in 1830, when brewing London ale, “For immediate use the malt should be all pale, but if brewed for keeping or in warm weather one fourth should be amber malt.” Nor was London the only place making pale ale: it was also being brewed in Scotland. David Booth’s The Art of Brewing, first published in 1829, said: “The distinguishing characteristics of Scotch ale are paleness of colour and mildness of flavour.”

To summarise, then, far from India Pale Ale being the first pale ale, and Burton the first place to brew it

Pretty good although I enjoyed the Speakeasy’s Big Daddy IPA a little more. This beer is very hoppy and very bitter. Its high alcohol content (9.5%) is actually covered up reasonably but you can still pick up on it. It is also quite smooth considering the style. – s

Stefan: 4 Thumbs Up

Tastes like caramel backed with a light pine flavor and it’s fairly hoppy. This brew is highly alcoholic at 9.5% and which can definitely be tasted in its bitter finish. It could use a tad bit more malts or hops to cover up the taste of alcohol. – s

Stefan: 3 Thumbs Up

Dewasa ini banyak sekali bencana alam yang terjadi. Hal itu membuktikan bahwa telah terjadi ketidakseimbangan pada alam kita. Belum lagi dengan kasus punah dan terancamnya beberapa spesies hewan. Bagaimana itu bisa terjadi?

‘Ekosistem akan menjadi tidak seimbang jika salah satu komponennya rusak atau bahkan hilang’, hal itulah yang terjadi. Kerusakan ini dapat disebabkan oleh dua kemungkinan:

1.   Bencana Alam

Ekosistem dapat rusak secara alamiah. Misalnya letusan gunung berapi, dimana lahar panasnya dapat mematikan organisme (hewan dan tumbuhan) dan mikroorganisme yang dilaluinya.

2.   Manusia

Manusia merupakan komponen ekosistem yang dapat berpotensi sebagai penyelamat dan perusak ekosistem. Contoh kegiatan manusia yang merusak ekosistem adalah penggundulan hutan dan pembangunan pemukiman tanpa memperhatikan aspek lingkungan.

Terkadang manusia menciptakan sebuah ekosistem yang tadinya bertujuan baik. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, hal itu malah dapat berbalik karena ego manusia sendiri. Misalnya saja pada ekosistem sawah yang terdapat hama belalang, petani akan membasmi hama yang secara tidak langsung ikut memusnahkan pemangsa belalang tersebut. Hal tersebut sama saja mengganggu rantai makanan.

Pada dasarnya ekosistem masih dapat memperbaiki dirinya (self purification) hingga tercapai keseimbangan kembali dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Sebentar atau lama, tergantung dari tingkat kerusakannya. Sayangnya, tak jarang manusia malah semakin merusak ekosistem yang sedang berusaha memperbaiki dirinya. Jadi, bisa dikatakan bahwa komponen yang paling berpotensi sebagai perusak ekosistem adalah manusia.

Mengapa manusia? Bukankah banyak bencana alam yang terjadi dan sangat merusak ekosistem? Jawabannya mudah, ‘Karena sebagian dari bencana itu manusia sendiri yang menciptakan’.

Global Warming atau Pemanasan Global, topik yang sedang hangat diperbincangkan ini juga salah satu akibat ulah manusia. “Sebagian besar peningkatan suhu rata-rata global sejak pertengahan abad ke-20 kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh meningkatnya konsentrasi gas-gas rumah kaca akibat aktivitas manusia melalui efek rumah kaca”, begitulah kesimpulan dari Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Terjadinya Global Warming juga dapat menghancurkan ekosistem. Bayangkan saja jika suhu bumi semakin meningkat sehingga hewan cenderung untuk bermigrasi ke arah kutub atau ke atas pegunungan, tumbuhan akan mengubah arah pertumbuhannya, mencari daerah baru karena habitat lamanya menjadi terlalu hangat. Namun karena pembangunan manusia menghalangi perpindahan ini, spesies-spesies yang bermigrasi terhalangi. Beberapa tipe spesies yang tidak mampu secara cepat berpindah mungkin akan musnah. Bagi manusia, migrasi hewan dapat menjadi masalah besar dengan timbulnya berbagai penyakit dan menyebarnya virus yang dibawa hewan tersebut. Misalnya peningkatan terjadinya Demam Berdarah karena nyamuk memiliki ekosistem baru untuk berkembang biak.

Tentu saja kita tak mau ekosistem bumi hancur. Sebagai penghuni bumi yang paling sempurna seharusnya manusia bisa ikut merawat bumi ini. Hal yang harus dilakukan adalah mengantisipasi aktivitas kita sehari-hari. Kegiatan yang sekiranya merusak lingkungan harus dikurangi dan dihilangkan. Sedangkan tradisi melestarikan lingkungan harus digencarkan. Mulai dari hal kecil seperti menanam pohon hingga aktivitas lainnya. Walaupun sederhana, setidaknya kita ikut andil dalam usaha ‘penyembuhan’ ekosistem. Bukan hanya demi ekosistem dan alam ini, tapi juga demi kehidupan di masa depan.

SAVE OUR NATURE!!!

_{–Diambil dari berbagai sumber–}

Touch Hockey FS5 – V3.1.2   DOWNLOAD   BUY

Cross Fingers V1.0   DOWNLOAD   BUY

00. IPA KLS 9 SAMPUL DEPAN
01. IPA KLS 9 PRELIM
02. IPA KLS 9 BAB 18
03. IPA KLS 9 BAB 2
04. IPA KLS 9 BAB 3
05. IPA KLS 9 BAB 4
06. IPA KLS 9 BAB 5
07. IPA KLS 9 BAB 6
08. IPA KLS 9 BAB 7
09. IPA KLS 9 BAB 8
13. IPA KLS 9 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
14. IPA KLS 9 GLOSARIUM
15. IPA KLS 9 INDEK
16. IPA KLS 9 JAWABAN SOAL TERPILIH
17. IPA KLS 9 SAMPUL BELAKANG

00. IPA KLS 8 SAMPUL DEPAN
01. IPA KLS 8 PRELIM
02. IPA KLS 8 BAB 18
03. IPA KLS 8 BAB 2
04. IPA KLS 8 BAB 3
05. IPA KLS 8 BAB 4
06. IPA KLS 8 BAB 5
07. IPA KLS 8 BAB 6
08. IPA KLS 8 BAB 7
09. IPA KLS 8 BAB 8
10. IPA KLS 8 BAB 9
11. IPA KLS 8 BAB 10
12. IPA KLS 8 BAB 11
13. IPA KLS 8 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
14. IPA KLS 8 GLOSARIUM
15. IPA KLS 7 INDEKS
16. IPA KLS 8 KUNCI JAWABAN EVALUASI
17. IPA KLS 8 SAMPUL BELAKANG

00. IPA KLS 7 SAMPUL DEPAN
01. IPA KLS 7 PRELIM
02. IPA KLS 7 BAB 1
03. IPA KLS 7 BAB 2
04. IPA KLS 7 BAB 3
05. IPA KLS 7 BAB 4
06. IPA KLS 7 BAB 5
07. IPA KLS 7 BAB 6
08. IPA KLS 7 BAB 7
09. IPA KLS 7 BAB 8
10. IPA KLS 7 BAB 9
11. IPA KLS 7 BAB 10
12. IPA KLS 7 BAB 11
13. IPA KLS 7 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
14. IPA KLS 7 GLOSARIUM
15. IPA KLS 7 INDEKS
16. IPA KLS 7 JAWABAN SOAL TERPILIH
17. IPA KLS 7 SAMPUL BELAKANG

Welcome, welcome one and all to the official opening of my new beer blog, Beerspotting.

The purpose of this blog is simple:  to tell you all about my beer-related activity.  I’ll tell you about the beers I’ve tasted, take you to the places where I’ve tasted beer and pass along any beer news that I happen to come across.

Let me fill you in on my beer background.  I don’t consider myself a beer connoisseur and I certainly don’t think I’m a beer snob.  My first beer was a Budweiser and I have many fond memories of drinking Bud, Busch or Miller Lite after Dolphins and Hurricanes games at the Orange Bowl.  And one of my favorite recent beer experiences happened at the Residence Inn in Coconut Grove, Florida.  During the hotel’s social hour, they had Bud on tap.  Feeling a bit snobbish, I reluctantly accepted a glass.  It was so fresh, crisp and clean tasting (and just the right temperature) that I had to just back and enjoy it.  It just goes to show that beer, like anything else, can be a wonderful experience if the circumstances are just right.

I do love Bud but, in the same way that I love Starbucks coffee, I love a good Microbrew.  You get so much more flavor and there’s more to savor with each sip.  Some beers, like some coffees are more of an experience than just a beverage.  Just take the time to breathe in the aroma of a Lagunitas Maximus IPA or a Sierra Nevada Anniversary Ale and you’ll see what I mean.

I must admit, I do sniff my beers a lot.  I tend to sniff all of my food.  I don’t know what it is:  I guess I just want to experience them with all of my senses.  But I recommend you try it sometime, especially when trying a new beer, wine or coffee (it works with chicken wings too).

Back to the blog.  In the coming days, weeks and, hopefully, years I hope to expose you, dear reader, to some wonderful beer experiences.  Now, I know that we all have our tastes.  You won’t see a lot of stouts and porters on this blog.  They’re just something I’ve never developed a taste for (although I hope to pass along a great recipe for chocolate stout cake).  I also hope to convince some of my beer-drinking friends to post on the site as well.  The more the merrier, as far as I’m concerned.

Today’s recommendations (obviously):

Lagunitas Maximus IPA – citrusy aroma, packs a punch. 7.5% alc.

Sierra Nevada Anniversary Ale — also citrusy (I sense a trend here), 5.4%

I promise to be more detailed in my reviews  in the future.  This is just the beginning.

Twilight, Twitards, Twihaters… I probably wouldn’t care (or know so much about the books/movies) if it weren’t for the fact that I CAN’T AVOID IT.  Whether it’s pro or anti, Twilight news is eeeeeeverywhere.  In the Bust newsletter, on my Youtube homepage, there’s even a thread on the Attachment Parenting website I frequent.  And here I am writing about it… crap.

Team Jacob? Team Edward?  I’m more of a Team Buffy.  Or team Spike. Mmmmmm Spike.  Thank goodness for the fact that my baby girl is too new for Twilight to ever be relevant to her life – I would have to teach her that vampires are for staking, not for sparkling.  (As it is I will have my hands full preparing her for the zombie attack.. more on that some other day).  Of course, by the time she is old enough for the teen-screaming-at-pretty-boys phase, there will be some other disturbing crap out for me to roll my eyes at.  Or maybe (hopefully) she’ll take after me – I had my share of stupid teen heroin-chic crushes, but was more the type to draw angst-y journal entries over them than squee about it.

There are plenty of reasons to not like the whole Twilight phenomena.  The little of the first book I managed to rad was CRAP.  Terrible writing.  Bella is frankly pathetic and a Mary Sue at the same time.  If I encountered her in real life I would probably do my best to give her shaken-teen-syndrome.  I got bored with heroines that passively wait to be rescued around the same time I learned to read.  Edward strikes me as an Emo Ken (neutered vampires are just sad… remember when they were monsters?) with little to no emotional depth, designed to be pretty, brooding, and very little else.  Which is enough for most teen girls (and many of their moms), it seems.

Some could point out that Spike from Buffy, who I mentioned earlier (once again, yum), could be described the same way.  The difference is in the Buffy series, the writers go out of their way to crack the brooding facade and then point out how silly the whole thing is (The Season 7 episode with Andrew taping everyone is a perfect example of this… but only other Jossheads will get that one).

Of all the (manymany) reasons to hate Twilight, there are two thrown around that I find disturbing.  The “OMG Stephanie Meyer is a MORMON!!!” thing is just sad.  The author’s religion most likely has influenced the ideals in her books, but so far we still have this nifty little “freedom of religion” thing in America.  There’s not a clause that says “unless it’s an unpopular religion”.  There are plenty of things I could say about the role of women in the Mormon church, but I will never say that Mormon women should not be allowed to write wildly popular teen fiction.

Then there’s the popular “bad role model” argument.  While I have already agreed that no self-respecting girl should want to be anything like Bella, it’s going overboard to say that being a fan of Twilight is going to ruin a girl for healthy relationships for the rest of her life.  The same has been said about Barbie, about Disney princess movies, child-nurturing dolls… the list goes on.  I firmly believe that if I raise my daughter with strong ideals, with the idea that she should always love and respect herself, and fill her life with good role models, that a little crappy pop culture will not ruin her mind.  The best thing I can do to teach her a healthy relationship model is to live that model myself. To have an open and loving relationship with her father, and if something happened to end that relationship to continue living my life as a strong, self-respecting woman.

And of course, to teach her the importance of a long-distance head shot on a charging zombie.  Gotta avoid that virus-infected splatterback.

*looks at title* Hmm.. pretty off topic today.  So in Homebrewing news, I had my housemates crack open the first bottle of Bouncin’ Baby IPA to see how it was coming along (bottled 11-15-09).  There’s a trace of carbonation, but it still has a way to go.  I’m planning on it being ready right around my due date! Hurrah!

And in knitting… still killing myself on xmas presents.  I’ve been making a lot of progress, but have been reduced to applying tiger balm and taking Tylenol on a regular basis.  Traitor wrists.  Once I am done with gift knitting, I have my eye on making this poncho with this stashed yard.  And I really really am going to make myself some socks. This time I mean it.  The Great Stash Cleanup yesterday unearthed three different sets of DPNs with the beginning of a ribbed sock cuff.  I frogged them all and swore I will actually make some damn socks instead of an almost-wristband.

Tsau!

Ei kyselty meikäläiseltä kulu- ja käyttökatteen eroja, ei… oliskin kyselty, ne olis kuitenkin ollu jotenkin sepustettavissa. Mulla oli siis eilen se työhaastattelu kaksikielisen toimittajan duuniin, mitä varten sunnuntaina karkasin Jonten sikalenssua Testoksesta P-manin luo Huhtiin… Nyt köllitäänkin P-manin kans Ipassa Jonten piikkiin, kerta ei sen tauti tunnu viel hellittävän…

Mut takas aiheeseen. Ei menny ihan putkeen se haastattelu sit. Eikä tällä kertaa syynä ollu ees sunnuntaiset kaljottelut. Siinä työpaikkailmotuksessahan ei tosiaan lukenu millasia toimittajan hommia olis tiedossa… kyse olikin loppupeleis jostain suomalaisruotsalaisen muotitoimittajan duunista. Ei tsiisus… voin kertoa, et oli pokassa pitelemistä kyl moneen otteeseen ku tiedusteltiin mun olematonta muotitietämystä. Vittu mä tiedä mistään muusta paitsi skeitti-, snoukka- ja surffitrendeistä… xD vissiin ei ihan natsaa jos pitäis kirjotella jostai naisten kuumimmasta hotista ja viel asiaa kahella kielellä… osaan sanoo ainoostaan mikä näyttää mun silmään hyvältä, mut jos pitäis arvioida jotain vaatematskuja ja niiden koostumuksia, niin voinyjjjumalauta. En ala.

Noh, enhän mä fiksuna poikana tietenkää paljastanu missään vaihees haastista etten haltsaa muotialaa, vaan yritin improta minkä kerkesin… Mua haastatteli semmonen hieman hintahtava mies, joka kyl vaikutti tietävän alasta kaiken. Homot on yleisesti ihan ookoo, mut tää kyseinen tapitti ja flirttaili(!!) vähän turhan innokkaasti ollakseen potentiaalinen työnantaja/työkaveri/whatever.

Enhän mä tätä ennen kovin mones työhaastattelus oo ollut, kerta faijan kautta oon enemmistön duuneistani saanu… se oli ennen se. En tarkkaan siis tiedä millasia kyssäreitä niiden pitäis kysellä tai sanoa, mut oon aika varma ettei ainakaa ehdotella mihkään viihteelle lähtöö. Kai se innostu kun kuuli mun asuvan kahen jätkän kans kommuunis. Jumalauta ei se ja puolikas ruotsalaisuus tee homoo!! Joku roti tähän maailman touhuun. Tätäkö haastattelua varten pakenin yhtä nuhaa? Voihan sanonko mikä….

No joo, kyseli se sit lopulta niitä ihan perus järkeenkäypiäkin kyssäreitä, kuten “miksi juuri sinut tulisi valita tähän työhön?” ja “miten koet kielellisen lahjakkuutesi pelaavan eduksemme, mikäli sinut valitaan?” ym. diipadaapaa… jätin sit mainitsematta ansioituneen urani tääl ristipissarina.

Se haastattelu kesti kaikkiaan abt tunnin. Oli yllättävän piinallinen tunti se… ei maininnut P-man sunnuntaisessa preppauksessaan, et vastassa voi olla homo, joka yrittää iskee kesken haastattelun. Tarviin viel tänäänki erän nalleja tähän ahistukseeni, onneks ei oo huomenna ku pari tuntii koulua. ;____;

EKOSISTEM merupakan kesatuan struktural dan fungsional yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya. Ekosistem dibentuk oleh kumpulan berbagai macam makhluk hidup beserta benda-benda tak hidup. Semua makhluk hidup yang menyusun suatu ekosistem disebut komponen biotik. Sedangkan benda-benda tak hidup dalam suatu ekosistem disebut komponen abiotik. Dalam suatu ekosistem, hubungan antarkomponen berlangsung sangat erat dan saling memengaruhi. Oleh karena itu gangguan atau kerusakan pada salah satu komponen dapat menyebabkan kerusakan seluruh ekosistem.

Ilmu yang mempelajari ekosistem disebut Ekologi. Ekologi berasal dari dua kata dalam bahasa Yunani, yaitu oikos dan logos. Oikos berarti rumah atau tempat tinggal, dan logos artinya ilmu. Istilah ekologi pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Ernst Haeckel (1834 – 1914). Ekologi merupakan cabang ilmu yang masih relatif baru, yang baru muncul pada tahun 70-an. Akan tetapi, ekologi mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap cabang biologinya. Ekologi diartikan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari baik interaksi antar makhluk hidup maupun interaksi antara makhluk hidup dan lingkungannya.

Yang dipelajari dalam ekologi:

¤    Perpindahan energi dan materi dari makhluk hidup yang satu ke makhluk hidup yang lain ke dalam lingkungannya dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya.

¤    Perubahan populasi atau spesies pada waktu yang berbeda dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya.

¤    Interaksi antarspesies makhluk hidup dan hubungan antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya.

A.   KOMPONEN PENYUSUN EKOSISTEM

1.   Komponen Biotik (bio = hidup)

Komponen biotik meliputi semua makhluk hidup yang terdapat dalam ekosistem. Berdasarkan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu:

a.   Produsen

Produsen adalah makhluk hidup yang dapat menghasilkan makanan sendiri. Yang  termasuk  dalam kelompok  ini adalah  tumbuhan hijau atau  tumbuhan yang mempunyai klorofil serta organisme autotrof. Di  dalam  ekosistem  perairan,  komponen  biotik  yang  berfungsi  sebagai produsen adalah berbagai jenis alga dan fitoplankton.

>>—–>>

Autotrof >>> organisme yang mampu menyediakan makanan sendiri yang berupa bahan organik dari bahan anorganik dengan bantuan energi seperti matahari dan kimia.

Alga >>> sekelompok organisme autotrof yang tidak memiliki organ dengan perbedaan fungsi yang nyata. Alga bahkan dapat dianggap tidak memiliki “organ” seperti yang dimiliki tumbuhan (akar, batang, daun, dan sebagainya).

Fitoplankton >>> salah satu komponen autotrof plankton yang memperoleh energi melalui proses fotosintesis sehingga mereka harus berada pada bagian permukaan (disebut sebagai zona euphotic) lautan, danau atau kumpulan air yang lain. Melalui fotosintesis, fitoplankton menghasilkan banyak oksigen yang memenuhi atmosfer Bumi.

<<—–<<

b.   Konsumen

Konsumen adalah makhluk hidup yang memperoleh energi dari bahan makanan yang dibuat oleh produsen. Yang  termasuk  dalam kelompok  ini adalah manusia dan hewan. Karena tidak dapat membuat makanan sendiri dan selalu bergantung pada makhluk hidup lain, maka konsumen bersifat  heterotrof. Berdasarkan jenis makanannya, konsumen dapat dibagi menjadi tiga jenis:

¤   Herbivora, konsumen yang hanya mengonsumsi tumbuhan dan merupakan konsumen tingkat pertama.

¤    Karnivora, organisme pemakan daging saja dan juga memakan hewan herbivora sehingga disebut dengan konsumen kedua.

¤    Omnivora, pemakan segala (tumbuhan dan hewan).

>>—–>>

Heterotrof >>> organisme yang tergantung pada organisme lain untuk mendapatkan makanan.

<<—–<<

c.   Dekomposer

Dekomposer atau Pengurai adalah komponen biotik yang berperan menguraikan bahan organik yang berasal dari organisme yang telah mati ataupun hasil pembuangan sisa pencernaan. Makhluk hidup yang berperan sebagai pengurai adalah bakteri dan jamur saprofit. Dengan adanya organisme pengurai, zat mineral atau unsur hara hasil penguraian yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh tumbuhan dapat meresap ke dalam tanah.

>>—–>>

Bakteri Saprofit >>> bakteri yang menguraikan tumbuhan atau hewan mati, serta sisa-sisa atau kotoran organisme. Bakteri saprofit menguraikan protein, karbohidrat, dan senyawa organik lain menjadi CO₂, gas amoniak, dan senyawa-senyawa lain yang lebih sederhana sehingga keberadannya sangat berperan dalam membersihkan sampah organik di lingkungan sekitar.

<<—–<<

2.   Komponen Abiotik (a = tidak, bio = hidup)

Abiotik adalah komponen yang tidak hidup. Komponen abiotik menyediakan tempat hidup, makanan, dan kondisi yang diperlukan oleh komponen biotik, sehingga komposisi komponen abiotik sangat memengaruhi jenis komponen biotik yang dapat hidup. Komponen abiotik yang memengaruhi komponen biotik dalam suatu ekosistem antara lain air, tanah, suhu, cahaya matahari, dan udara.

a.   Air

Air berfungsi sebagai pelarut zat-zat dalam tubuh, sistem pengangkut, dan tempat berlangsungnya reaksi-reaksi biokimia di dalam tubuh. Keberadaan air pada suatu ekosistem sangat memengaruhi jenis makhluk hidup yang dapat hidup. Hewan dan tumbuhan juga beradaptasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan keadaan air di lingkungannya.

b.   Tanah

Keadaan tanah menentukan jenis tumbuhan yang dapat hidup dan jenis-jenis tumbuhan akan menentukan jenis-jenis hewan yang dapat hidup.

c.   Suhu

Suhu memengaruhi reaksi biokimiawi di dalam tubuh. Suhu yang terlalu rendah atau terlalu tinggi dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada reaksi-reaksi biokimiawi di dalam tubuh sehingga aktivitasnya terganggu. Oleh karena itu setiap makhluk hidup memerlukan suhu optimum untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya.

d.   Cahaya Matahari

Cahaya matahari diperlukan untuk proses fotosintesis tumbuhan hijau. Cahaya matahari juga memengaruhi suhu bumi menjadi sesuai untuk kehidupan berbagai makhluk hidup.

e.   Udara

Udara merupakan campuran berbagai macam gas. Gas-gas tersebut memiliki fungsi berbeda pada ekosistem. Misalnya Oksigen diperlukan oleh makhluk hidup untuk respirasi/bernapas.

B.   Tingkat Organisasi dalam Ekosistem

Makhluk hidup dalam ekosistem membentuk tatanan atau organisasi tertentu.

1.   Individu

Individu merupakan satuan fungsional terkecil penyusun ekosistem (makhluk hidup tunggal) yang dapat hidup secara fisiologis. Misalnya seekor rusa yang dapat mencari rumput sendiri sebagai kebutuhan makanannya.

2.   Populasi

Populasi merupakan kumpulan individu sejenis pada suatu daerah dalam jangka waktu  tertentu. Misalnya sekumpulan penduduk (manusia) dalam suatu kelurahan. Kehidupan suatu populasi dipengaruhi oleh populasi makhluk hidup yang lain. Jumlah individu sejenis dalam satuan luas tertentu pada jangka waktu tertentu disebut kepadatan populasi.

3.   Komunitas

Komunitas merupakan kumpulan beberapa populasi yang berbeda yang saling berinteraksi pada daerah dan waktu tertentu. Pada komunitas terjadi interaksi antara berbagai populasi dan dalam interaksi itu terjadi perpindahan materi dan energi. Misalnya di suatu kolam populasi ikan berinteraksi dengan populasi plankton (yaitu ikan memakan plankton), maka terjadi perpindahan bahan makanan (materi) dari plankton ke tubuh ikan.

4.   Ekosistem

Ekosistem merupakan interaksi antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan abiotiknya. Interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan pada suatu ekosistem bersifat khusus. Jadi, setiap lingkungan memiliki ekosistem yang berbeda. Komunitas yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan abiotik yang spesifik menghasilkan ekosistem yang spesifik pula. Berdasarkan proses terbentuknya ekosistem dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu:

a.   Ekosistem alami, yaitu ekosistem yang terbentuk secara alami. Misalnya ekosistem hutan, laut, sungai, dan rawa.

b.   Ekosistem buatan, yaitu ekosistem yang dibentuk secara sengaja oleh manusia. Misalnya ekosistem sawah, kolam, perkebunan, dan hutan budidaya.

5.   Bioma

Bioma adalah ekosistem-ekosistem yang terbentuk karena perbedaan letak geografis dan astronomis. Bioma terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, ditentukan oleh curah hujan dan intensitas cahaya mataharinya.

a.   Tundra

Tundra adalah suatu area dimana pertumbuhan pohon terhambat dengan rendahnya suhu lingkungan sekitar. Bioma ini terletak di kawasan lingkungan Kutub Utara sehingga iklimnya adalah iklim kutub. Istilah tundra berarti dataran tanpa pohon, vegetasinya didominasi oleh lumut dan lumut kerak, vegetasi lainnya adalah rumput-rumputan dan sedikit tumbuhan berbunga berukuran kecil. Ciri-ciri tundra:

¤   Mendapat sedikit energi radiasi matahari, musim dingin sangat panjang dapat berlangsung selama 9 bulan dengan suasana gelap.

¤    Musim panas berlangsung selama 3 bulan, pada masa inilah vegetasi mengalami pertumbuhan.

¤    Fauna khas bioma tundra adalah Muskoxem (bison berhulu tebal) dan Reindeer/Caribou (rusa kutub).

b.   Taiga

Bioma ini kebanyakan terdapat di daerah antara subtropika dengan daerah kutub, seperti di daerah Skandinavia, Rusia, Siberia, Alaska, Kanada. Ciri-ciri taiga:

¤    Perbedaan antara suhu musim panas dan musim dingin cukup tinggi, pada musim panas suhu tinggi, pada musim dingin suhu sangat rendah.

¤    Pertumbuhan tanaman terjadi pada musim panas yang berlangsung antara 3 sampai 6 bulan.

¤    Flora khasnya adalah pohon berdaun jarum/pohon konifer, contoh pohon konifer adalah Pinus merkusii (pinus). Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di bioma taiga rendah, vegetasinya nyaris seragam, dominan pohon-pohon konifer karena nyaris seragam, hutannya disebut hutan homogen. Tumbuhannya hijau sepanjang tahun, meskipun dalam musim dingin dengan suhu sangat rendah.

¤    Fauna yang terdapat di daerah ini adalah beruang hitam, ajak, srigala dan burung-burung yang bermigrasi kedaerah tropis bila musim dingin tiba. Beberapa jenis hewan seperti tupai dan mammalia kecil lainnya maupun berhibernasi pada saat musim dingin.

c.   Gurun

Gurun adalah suatu daerah yang menerima curah hujan yang sedikit. Gurun dianggap memiliki kemampuan kecil untuk mendukung kehidupan namun gurun sering kali memiliki kehidupan yang biasanya tersembunyi. Gurun banyak ditemukan di Amerika Utara, Afrika Utara, Australia dan Asia Barat. Ciri-ciri gurun:

¤    Curah hujan sangat rendah, ± 25 cm/tahun.

¤    Kecepatan penguapan air lebih cepat dari presipitasi.

¤    Kelembaban udara sangat rendah.

¤    Perbedaan suhu siang hari dengan malam hari sangat tinggi (siang dapat mencapai 45 C, malam dapat turun sampai 0 C).

¤    Tanah sangat tandus karena tidak mampu menyimpan air.

d.   Padang Rumput

Padang rumput merupakan area yang dipenuhi oleh rumput dan tanaman tak berkayu. Bioma padang rumput membentang mulai dari daerah tropis sampai dengan daerah beriklim sedang, seperti Hongaria, Rusia Selatan, Asia Tengah, Amerika Selatan, dan Australia. Ciri-ciri padang rumput:

¤    Curah hujan antara 25 – 50 cm/tahun, di beberapa daerah padang rumput curah hajannya dapat mencapai 100 cm/tahun.

¤    Curah hujan yang relatif rendah turun secara tidak teratur.

¤    Turunnya hujan yang tidak teratur tersebut menyebabkan porositas dan drainase kurang baik sehingga tumbuh-tumbuhan sukar mengambil air.

e.   Hutan Gugur

Ciri khas bioma hutan gugur adalah tumbuhannya sewaktu musim dingin, daun-daunnya meranggas. Bioma ini dapat dijumpai di Amerika Serikat, Eropa Barat, Asia Timur, dan Chili. Ciri-ciri hutan gugur:

¤    Curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun, 75 – 100 cm/tahun.

¤    Mempunyai 4 musim: musim panas, musim dingin, musim gugur, dan musim semi.

¤    Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan lebih rendah daripada bioma hutan tropis.

f.    Hutan Hujan Tropis

Hutan hujan tropis adalah ekosistem yang dapat ditemui di wilayah khatulistiwa (Asia, Australia, Afrika, Amerika Selatan, Amerika Tengah, Meksiko dan Kepulauan Pasifik). Hutan hujan tropis merupakan rumah untuk setengah spesies flora dan fauna di seluruh dunia. Hutan hujan tropis juga dijuluki sebagai “farmasi terbesar dunia” karena hampir 1/4 obat modern berasal dari tumbuhan di hutan hujan tropis. Ciri-ciri hutan hujan tropis:

¤    Curah hujan sangat tinggi, lebih dari 2.000 mm/tahun.

¤    Pohon-pohon utama memiliki ketinggian antara 20 – 40 m.

¤    Cabang pohon berdaun lebat dan lebar serta selalu hijau sepanjang tahun.

¤    Mendapat sinar matahari yang cukup, tetapi sinar matahari tersebut tidak mampu menembus dasar hutan.

¤   Mempunyai iklim mikro di lingkungan sekitar permukaan tanah/di bawah kanopi (daun pada pohon-pohon besar yang membentuk tudung).

6.   Biosfer

Biosfer adalah sistem ekologis global yang menyatukan seluruh makhluk hidup dan hubungan antarmereka, termasuk interaksinya dengan unsur litosfer (batuan), hidrosfer (air), dan atmosfer (udara) Bumi. Biosfer merupakan keseluruhan ekosistem/bioma yang ada di bumi.

C.   Hubungan Saling Ketergantungan

Hubungan saling ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dan komponen abiotik:

1.   Komponen biotik memengaruhi komponen abiotik.

2.   Komponen abiotik memengaruhi komponen biotik.

Hubungan saling ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dengan sesama komponen biotik:

1.   Saling ketergantungan intraspesies (makhluk hidup sejenis).

2.   Saling ketergantungan antarspesies (makhluk hidup tidak sejenis).

Saling ketergantungan antarspesies yang berbeda jenis juga terjadi dalam peristiwa makan dan dimakan. Peristiwa makan dan dimakan menimbulkan perpindahan materi dan energi. Hal ini akan membentuk jaring-jaring kehidupan yang terdiri dari:

1.   Rantai Makanan

Rantai makanan adalah peristiwa makan dan dimakan yang digambarkan secara skematis dalam bentuk garis lurus searah dan tidak bercabang. Misalnya rumput >> belalang >> ayam >> ular, maka terjadi perpindahan energi dari produsen >> konsumen I >> konsumen II >> konsumen III.

2.   Jaring-jaring Makanan

Beberapa rantai makanan dengan pola yang lebih rumit dari contoh rantai makanan di atas dan saling berkaitan membentuk sebuah  jaring-jaring makanan. Misalnya ular tidak hanya makan ayam dan ayam tidak hanya makan belalang. Jaring-jaring makanan selalu berawal dari produsen dan diakhiri oleh pengurai. Bahan-bahan yang diuraikan itu akan kembali digunakan oleh produsen sehingga daur materi dan energi tidak pernah terputus.

3.   Piramida Makanan

Piramida makanan adalah suatu piramida yang menggambarkan perbandingan komposisi jumlah biomassa dan energi dari produsen sampai konsumen puncak dalam suatu ekosistem. Komposisi biomassa terbesar terdapat pada produsen yang menempati dasar piramida. Demikian pula jumlah energi terbesar terdapat pada dasar piramida. Komposisi biomassa dan energi ini semakin ke atas semakin kecil karena selama proses perpindahan energi terjadi penyusutan jumlah energi pada setiap tingkat trofik.

D.   Jenis-Jenis Interaksi Antarorganisme

1.   Hubungan Netral

Hubungan netral yaitu hubungan yang tidak saling memengaruhi. Namun sesungguhnya hubungan yang benar-benar netral tidak ada, sebab setiap organisme memerlukan komponen abiotik (udara, ruangan, air, dan cahaya) yang sama, sehingga timbul persaingan.

2.   Hubungan Simbiosis

Hubungan simbiosis yaitu hubungan saling memengaruhi antara dua organisme. Hubungan simbiosis ada tiga jenis:

a.   Simbiosis Mutualisme

Simbiosis mutualisme yaitu hubungan antara dua jenis organisme yang saling menguntungkan.

b.   Simbiosis Komensalisme

Simbiosis komensalisme yaitu hubungan antara dua jenis organisme di mana yang satu diuntungkan dan yang lain tidak dirugikan saat saling berinteraksi.

c.   Simbiosis Parasitisme

Simbiosis parasitisme yaitu hubungan antara dua jenis organisme yang merugikan salah satu pihak, sedangkan pihak yang lain diuntungkan saat berinteraksi.

3.   Hubungan Kompetisi

Hubungan kompetisi terjadi jika dalam suatu ekosistem terjadi ketidakseimbangan, misalnya kekurangan air, makanan, dan ruang. Hubungan kompetisi dapat terjadi antara individu-individu dalam satu spesies maupun individu-individu yang berbeda spesies.

4.   Hubungan Predasi

Hubungan predasi yaitu hubungan antara organisme yang memangsa dan organisme yang dimangsa.

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“Gonna walk around and drink some more”- the Hold Steady

You know, Terminal Gravity’s IPA has a crispness at the end that works for this beer. Still quite bitter but the finish is lightened by the crisp quality. 

The 39th Street Sports Pub. Or Tom’s Bar. The bartender just ran out after a customer she knew to ask him a favor and give him a hug. It’s a human moment in a bland space.

So I’ve gone local for the next series. After a year of needing transport coupled with some recent thoughts I’ve had on staying local, I decided that the thing to do next would be to go to bars that were within walking distance of my house. I’m quite fortunate in that I live near Portland’s infamous ’stumble zone’ where there are ten places to get a drink in a three block area, not counting the liquor store. So that ought to keep me busy. 

In addition, walking distance for me isn’t quite walking distance for most other people. I like to walk, especially at night and so there are more bars within my walking range than what most people might consider walkable. Either way, I reckon this ought to keep me busy for a little while. I probably won’t have the range of beers to try as I did before because even in Portland, sports bars are dominated by more well known beers but I’ll do my best to mix the drinks up as much as the spaces I visit. 

Oh, and there will still be bad photos. 

Tom’s bar makes good use of its length, with the three pool tables at one end and four televisions around and above the bar, it’s the kind of place you could almost play catch in. Surprisingly, there doesn’t seem to be a scent here. Odd because it’s connected to a restaurant so I’d think there would be food cooking but perhaps everyone here is thirsty instead. 

It’s spacious though and I like that. There’s room to spread out and stretch your legs and you don’t have to worry about bumping into someone at a table while you’re shooting pool. 

Sadly, there isn’t much personality to this bar. It has that inoffensive lighting and all the traditional neon signs. One Ducks schedule up, Coors Light sports flags and lights emblazoned with the Camel logo hang around and on a night like tonight, where it isn’t crowded, there isn’t a motivation to sit near strangers to absorb how they give the bar some zing. The TVs encourage absorbsion into the sports world and  the only way someone could have a semi-private conversation would be if it was loud enough to cover the noise from the next table. At that point, though, it’s loud enough that you’re practically shouting anyway so that kind of defeats the purpose. 

I suppose that’s why I’m a bit down on this space; it is devoid of personality or a point of view. Why aren’t there awesome posters on the wall, memorabilia, or little statuettes of victory? Is there a team this place hopes to see win, hopes to see in crushing defeat? 

This is the problem with most sports bars, I find. I could be anywhere in this country once I’m inside this bar. Arizona, Ohio, Minnesota; it wouldn’t matter. I could be in the middle of butt fuck Egypt and it would have the exact same decorations. Sure, there’s some local color with the presence of some misfits at a nearby table, NW style outsiders in puzzle-piece layers and flannel but after that? Nothing. What’s the point of going to your local if it doesn’t give you that local buzz? 

I’m suddenly tired, in the ‘whoa I could use a nap’ way. At 7:30, it’s a little late for a nap so perhaps it’s just time to go home.

Lucky Kat by Magic Hat

Lucky Kat’s label has a picture of a huge pink cat that looks “up to no good.” I immediately thought of the cat from Alice and Wonderland. I was curious to find out whether this brew was a tamed house cat, or a bad street kitty. I was certainly hoping for the latter.

The Lucky Kat is a 5.8% ABV Pale Ale. It is amber in color and pours with a large, light tan head. The head quickly dissipates but leaves behind some nice lacing.

It has a hoppy aroma with undertones of citrusy fruits and sour apples. The taste is pretty straight forward, a little hoppy with tart and bitter fruit flavors.

This isn’t a very complex IPA, which isn’t necessarily a bad thing. In my opinion, this is more of a session beer. It is very easy to drink and goes down smooth.

The Lucky Kat isn’t quite the evil street cat that I was hoping for, but a pretty good beer none the less.

Brewery website: http://www.magichat.net/

Stone is by far one of the best brewing companies out there. They excel in making incredibly strong and full flavored beers. This beer is my favorite IPA. It is extremely hoppy, crisp, and contains a very subtle malt taste which complements the hops, pine and citrus flavors nicely. It is like having an entire field of hops kick in you the face. If you don’t like overly hoppy beers, odds are you will hate this one. – s

Stefan: 5 Thumbs Up

Dry and hoppy yet still fairy smooth. Not as bitter or hoppy as my personal favorite, Stone IPA. It has floral and citrus flavors backing up its hop flavor. This beer is good but pretty average. I would recommend Stone IPA, Deschutes Inversion IPA, and Ninkasi’s Total Domination IPA over this one – s

Stefan: 3 thumbs up

Zack

19 Jahre ist es her, daß in Wladimir ein schreckliches Verbrechen geschah. Ein minderjähriges Mädchen wurde von drei Männern vergewaltigt. Erst jetzt aber hat jeder seine Strafe erhalten. Der erste konnte unmittelbar nach der Untat verhaftet werden, der zweite tauchte unter, fiel aber einige Jahre später in Moskau einem Mord zum Opfer, und der dritte Täter, Oleg Kusnezow, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des Innenministeriums aus der Region Wladimir, setzte sich nach Deutschland ab und erhielt hier – man höre und staune – politisches Asyl.

Inzwischen hat der Peiniger des Mädchens die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft erhalten, die ihn vor dem Zugriff der russischen Rechtsprechung schützt. Doch nun gelang es, im Rahmen der europäischen Konvention über die gegenseitige Rechtshilfe, gegen den Vergewaltiger ein Verfahren einzuleiten. Die Wladimirer Ermittler schickten ihre Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse an das Landgericht Nürnberg – Fürth, und dort sprach man am Freitag Recht. Freilich kam dabei ein unverständlich mildes Urteil zustande: ein halbes Jahr Haft, zwei Jahre auf Bewährung und eine Geldstrafe von € 5.000.

Irina Minina kommentiert denn auch das Strafmaß kritisch: “Für uns ist das schon ein wenig seltsam, daß jemandem, der sich seiner Bestrafung entzogen hat, die verstrichene Zeit angerechnet wird. Dennoch ist es erfreulich, wie die internationale Zusammenarbeit dabei geholfen hat, ein Grundprinzip unserer russischen Strafprozeßordnung durchzusetzen, nämlich die unbedingte und unumkehrbare Bestrafung für eine begangene Straftat. Anderswo hat es derartige Fälle schon gegeben, aber für uns in Wladimir ist dies das erste Mal, daß wir so direkt in der internationalen Partnerschaft kooperieren.”

Ein schöner Erfolg für Europa, daß es keinen Schutzraum, auch nicht im Rahmen von Asyl, für Verbrecher gibt. Daran arbeitet die IPA, von der gewiß nicht zufällig gestern hier zu lesen war, daran arbeitet die Städtepartnerschaft, über deren Vermittlung in obigem Fall übrigens zwei Kommissare schon vor über einem Jahr von Nürnberg nach Wladimir gereist sind. 

Justizia in Europa

Den endgültigen Beweis für die politische, kulturelle und gesellschaftliche Zugehörigkeit Rußlands zu Europa - wenn er denn noch hätte erbracht werden müssen – lieferte am Donnerstag das Verfassungsgericht in Moskau: Es blockierte die von einigen politischen Kräften betriebene Aufhebung des Moratoriums über die Verhängung und Vollstreckung der Todesstrafe. Und zwar, wie Walerij Sorkin, Vorsitzender Richter, sagte, „endgültig und nicht anfechtbar“, begründete durch internationales Recht sowie das in den vergangenen zehn Jahren seit Einführung des Moratoriums gewachsenene Rechtssystem mit seinen „festen Garantien gegen eine Anwendung der Todesstrafe“. Wenn das nur auch in den USA endlich so weit wäre. Washington sollte sich deshalb im Menschenrechtsdialog mit Moskau durchaus auch an die eigene Brust klopfen. Denn: Rußland, du hast es besser!