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	<title>jean-paul-sartre &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
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<title><![CDATA[Magui / Boni]]></title>
<link>http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/2009/12/01/magui-boni/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 07:18:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kapirasongkritika</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/2009/12/01/magui-boni/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Magui. Pansinin ang lugar ng kababaihan sa nangyaring masaker sa Maguindanao. Malamang, inisip ni Vi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Magui. </strong>Pansinin ang<strong> </strong>lugar ng kababaihan sa nangyaring masaker sa Maguindanao. Malamang, inisip ni Vice Mayor Esmael Mangudadatu ng Buluan na hindi dadahasin ng mga kalaban niya sa pulitika ang kanyang asawa, dalawang anak na babae at dalawang abogadong babae – kaya sila ang pinag-<em>file</em> ng sertipiko ng kandidatura niya.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Totoo nga naman, sa maraming marahas na labanan ng mga pangkating dominante ang lalake – mula sa “digmaan” ng mga <em>fraternity</em> hanggang sa digmaan ng mga militar ng mga bansa – itinuturing ang kababaihan na labas sa labanan. (Sa isang pelikula tungkol sa gera sa Vietnam noong dekada 1960 at 1970, nakakagulat na ang magaling na <em>sniper</em> na Vietcong ay isang babae.) Nakasandig ito sa pinagsasaluhang “pagrespeto” sa mga  babae ng dalawang kampo – dapat igalang, walang kakayahang manlaban, at iba pa.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Sa naganap na masaker sa Maguindanao, tila itinuring na hamon o pusta ng mga pumaslang – na, syempre pa, ay pinaghihinalaang mga tauhan ni Mayor Andal Ampatuan, Jr. ng Datu Unsay – ang pagdahas at pagpaslang sa mga babae. “Akala ninyo, hindi kami papatay ng babae, ha.” Kaya pinagpapatay nila ang mga babae.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Pero hindi lang sila basta pinatay. Ayon sa mga ulat, bukas ang mga <em>zipper</em> ng mga pantalon nila, indikasyon na posibleng ginahasa sila bago – o pagkatapos? – patayin. Binaril at nilaslas din daw ang kanilang mga ari at suso. Hindi lang sila basta pinatay, sinalaula ang kanilang mga katawan o “pagkababae” bago o pagkatapos silang patayin.</p>
<p><a href="http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/rolfe-horn-1.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1381 aligncenter" title="Rolfe Horn 1" src="http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/rolfe-horn-1.jpg" alt="" width="377" height="377" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Hindi malayong maisip, batay sa ganitong mga datos, na gustong ipangalandakan, gustong ipakita sa bansa at sa mundo, ang paraan ng pagpatay sa kanila. Tila gustong ipakitang hindi lang mga lalake ang kayang patayin, kundi mga babae rin. At hindi lang kayang patayin ang mga babae, kaya rin silang “salaulain” bilang mga babae.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Malamang, ang layunin ay maghasik ng mas matinding pinaghalong takot at pagkasuklam. Marahil, ang gusto nila ay masuklam ang mga tao hindi lang sa pagpatay kundi sa kawalan din ng magagawa sa kaso, bunsod ng takot. At matakot dahil sa kawalan ng magagawa sa harap ng kasuklam-suklam na kakayahan ng mga kriminal.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Pero dahil maagang nabuking ang karumal-dumal na krimen, mas tampok ngayon ang pagkasuklam kaysa takot sa nangyari. Hindi pagmamaliit sa pagkasuklam na ito, at lalong hindi pagpuri sa nagawa ng mga pumaslang, gayunman, ang sabihing kasalo pa rin ang pagkasuklam na ito ng pagtingin sa kababaihan na ipinakita ng mga Mangudadatu at pwersa ng mga Ampatuan. Hindi dapat dinadahas ang mga babae, kundi iginagalang – at, ayon sa isang kasabihan, minamahal. Pero ang pagtratong ito rin ang pinag-ugatan ng todong pagdahas sa mga babaeng namatay sa masaker. At ang pagtratong ito ang pinag-uugatan ng matinding pagkondena ngayon sa naganap.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Paano matatapos ang salimbayang ito ng pagrespeto at paglampaso sa kababaihan?</p>
<p><a href="http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/rolfe-horn-2.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1382 aligncenter" title="Rolfe Horn 2" src="http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/rolfe-horn-2.jpg" alt="" width="397" height="402" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Boni. </strong>Ang Araw ni Bonifacio ngayong taon, isang araw bago ang <em>deadline</em> ng pag-<em>file</em> ng kandidatura sa Comelec para sa eleksyong 2010. Ginugunita ang pagsisimula ng buhay ng rebolusyunaryo isang araw bago pormal na matapos ang pagsasampa ng kandidatura sa isang eleksyong natatangi – dahil higit sa huling mga eleksyon, tampok ito ngayon ng kagustuhan ng mga mamamayan na magkaroon ng “pagbabago.”</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Pero radikal na pagbabago ang gusto ni Bonifacio. Gusto niya ang paglaya sa mga dayuhang mananakop ng Pilipinas. Gusto niya ang pamamahagi ng lupain ng mga panginoong maylupa at Simbahan sa bansa. Kalayaan at pagkakapantay-pantay – ito ang dahilan kung bakit tinawag itong isang pambansa-demokratikong rebolusyon. Sabi ng makabayang iskolar na si Alice G. Guillermo, mas naging tampok ang pagiging “pambansa” kaysa “demokratiko” ng rebolusyong ito na nagsimula noong 1896.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">At radikal din ang pagsusulong niya sa pagbabagong ito. Sabi ng isang historyador, bagamat laging iniisip ng publiko na bolo ang laging armas ni Bonifacio, ang totoo’y ang pistola niya, ang baril niya, ang paborito niya. Kontra sa pormal na pangangaral ng Simbahang Katoliko – “Huwag kang papatay” – kahit pa marami itong pinapatay sa aktwal at sistemikong dahas na ipinapatupad at itinataguyod nito – pinamunuan niya ang mga Pilipino na mag-armas, lumaban sa mga Espanyol at angkinin ang kalayaan.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Kapag hinahawakan ng pesante ang baril sa kanyang mga kamay, namumutla ang mga lumang mito, at isa-isang nalilimutan ang mga ipinagbabawal. Ang armas ng rebelde ang patunay ng pagkatao niya. Dahil sa mga unang araw ng pag-aaklas, kailangan mong pumatay: ang bumaril at pumatay ng Europeo ay ang pumatay ng dalawang ibon gamit ang isang bato, ang paslangin ang nang-aapi at ang taong inaapi nang magkasabay: naiiwan ang taong patay at taong malaya; ang nakaligtas, sa unang pagkakataon, ay nakakasalat ng lupang </em>pambansa<em> sa kanyang mga paa.</em> – Jean-Paul Sartre, “Preface” sa Frantz Fanon, <em>The Wretched of the Earth</em>, 1963.</p>
<p><a href="http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/rolfe-horn-3.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1383 aligncenter" title="Rolfe Horn 3" src="http://kapirasongkritika.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/rolfe-horn-3.jpg" alt="" width="372" height="372" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Noong una kong narinig, napakalakas ng dating sa akin ng palaging itinatanong kaugnay ng mga ipinaglaban ni Bonifacio, ng Katipunan at ng Rebolusyong 1896. Nakamit na ba natin ang mga pinangarap niya para sa bayan? Nabubuhay ba tayo sa bansang pinangarap niya mahigit sandaang taon na ang nakakaraan? Tunay na malaya na ba ang Pilipinas? May tunay na pagkakapantay-pantay at reporma sa lupa?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Malinaw ang sagot sa mga tanong na ito para sa akin noon at, sa tingin ko, kahit sa marami ngayon. Pero malakas ang dating ng sagot sa tanong dahil may isang implikasyon: na may kailangan tayong gawin nang higit sa ating pang-araw-araw na buhay. Na, sa isang pagtingin, kailangan nga nating humulagpos dito at magpakasakit para sa katuparan ng mga pangarap ng ating mga bayani na matagal nang nabibinbin. Na hindi sapat na sumatsat tungkol sa pagbabago; ang kailangan ay ipaglaban ito.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Sa panahong bukambibig ang abstraktong “pagbabago,” mahalagang mapaalala sa atin kung ano ang ibig sabihin nito para kay Bonifacio at mga katulad niyang Katipunero. Hindi ito maihahatid ng eleksyon lang na, gaya ng obserbasyon ng <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20091201-239488/Emulate-Bonifacio-2010-bets-dared" target="_blank">Kilusang Mayo Uno</a>, ay pumapatak sa petsa ng pagpatay kay Bonifacio – bunsod ng paglaban niya sa resulta ng eleksyong ipinatawag ng mga panginoong maylupa sa pamumuno ni Emilio Aguinaldo. Mas pananatili ng sistema, hindi pagbabago nito, ang dulot ng eleksyon.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Bagamat nagtapos sa trahedya ang buhay ni Bonifacio, at bagamat hindi niya nakamit ang tagumpay sa ipinaglaban niya, may kung anong matamis isipin sa nangyari sa kanya. Ngayon, mahigit sandaang taon matapos niyang mabuhay, ilunsad ang armadong rebolusyon laban sa mga mananakop ng bayan, at mamatay, pinapasalamatan siya ng mga salinlahi ng bayang pinaglingkuran at ipinaglaban niya.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Pilit mang supilin ng mga naghahari ang alaala ni Bonifacio, nananatili siyang buhay at bayani para sa sambayanan. Pwedeng ang mga rebolusyunaryo ngayon ang maging pambansang bayani sa hinaharap – dahil kaya at posibleng mabago ang kasalukuyan.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">01 Disyembre 2009</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Leftist Thought Led To Fascism - And Is Doing So Again]]></title>
<link>http://startthinkingright.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/leftist-thought-led-to-fascism-and-will-again/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 17:45:12 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Michael Eden</dc:creator>
<guid>http://startthinkingright.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/leftist-thought-led-to-fascism-and-will-again/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Liberals think that the title of Jonah Goldberg&#8217;s book Liberal Fascism is an oxymoron.  They]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Liberals think that the title of Jonah Goldberg&#8217;s book <em>Liberal Fascism</em> is an oxymoron.  They&#8217;re wrong.  Goldberg himself writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;For more than sixty years, liberals have insisted that the bacillus of fascism lies semi-dormant in the bloodstream of the political right.  And yet with the notable and complicated exceptions of Leo Strauss and Allan Bloom, no top-tier American conservative intellectual was a devotee of Nietzsche or a serious admirer of Heidegger.  <strong>All</strong> major conservative schools of thought trace themselves back to the champions of the Enlightenment&#8211;John Locke, Adam Smith, Montesquieu, Burke&#8211;and <strong>none</strong> of them have any direct intellectual link to Nazism or Nietzsche, to existentialism, nihilism, or even, for the most part, Pragmatism.  <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Meanwhile, the ranks of the leftwing intellectuals are infested with ideas and thinkers squarely in the fascist tradition</span>.  And yet all it takes is the abracadabra word &#8220;Marxist&#8221; to absolve most of them of any affinity with these currents.  The rest get off the hook merely by attacking bourgeois morality and American values&#8211;even though such attacks are themselves little better than a reprise of fascist arguments&#8221; [page 175].</p>
<p>&#8220;Foucault&#8217;s &#8220;enterprise of Unreason,&#8221; Derrida&#8217;s tyrannical logocentrism, Hitler&#8217;s &#8220;revolt against reason.&#8221;  All fed into a movement that believes action is more important than ideas.  <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Deconstructionism, existentialism, postmodernism, Pragmatism, relativism: all these ideas had the same purpose&#8211;to erode the iron chains of tradition, dissolve the concrete foundations of truth</span>, and firebomb the bunkers where the defenders of the ancient regime still fought and persevered.  These were ideologies of the &#8220;movement.&#8221;  <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The late Richard Rorty admitted as much, conflating Nietzsche and Heidegger with James and Dewey as part of the same grand project&#8221;</span> [Goldberg, <em>Liberal Fascism</em>, page 176].</p></blockquote>
<p>It turns out that most of the moral and philosophical assumptions of liberalism have been shared by not only the Marxists, but the Nazis as well.  NAZI stood for &#8220;National Socialist German Workers Party,&#8221; and was merely a rival brand of the clearly leftist political ideology of socialism.  And given the fact that Marxism was in fact every bit as totalitarian and murderous as Nazism, in hindsight it seems rather bizarre that &#8220;Marxist&#8221; was ever an abracadabra word that the American left was willing to bear to begin with.</p>
<p>The purpose of this article is to explore how the foundational ideas that liberals uphold as being the opposite of fascism in fact actually fed the monster of fascist Nazism, and how the modern American left continue to fall prey to fascist premises and outcomes to this very day.</p>
<p>It is particularly interesting that the supposedly highly individualistic and influential school of thought known as &#8220;existentialism&#8221; became so ensnared by fascism and Nazism.  On the surface, existentialism would seem to be the very polar opposite of fascism and Nazism.  After all, a philosophy of radical freedom centered in the individual would surely be incompatible with a totalitarian social system that denies political liberty in the name of the community.  One would assume that existentialism would be a philosophy of rebellion against all such external authority.  And yet <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Nietzsche-Prophet-Nazism-Superman-Unveiling-Doctrine/dp/1420841211" target="_blank">the Nazis quoted Frederich Nietzsche at great length</a> in support of their ideology (see also <a href="http://www.friesian.com/hicks.htm" target="_blank">here</a>).  Martin Heidegger, one of the foremost existentialist thinkers in history, turned out to have been a proud member of the Nazi Party.  And even famed existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre &#8211; who fought to resist fascism in his Nazi-occupied France during WWII &#8211; ultimately merely chose another totalitarian ideology in its place (Sartre identified himself as a Marxist and a Maoist).</p>
<p>Georg Lukács observed (in <em>The Destruction of Reason</em>, 1954, page 5) that tracing a path to Hitler involved the name of nearly every major German philosopher since Hegel: Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Dilthy, Simmel, Scheler, Heidegger, Jaspers, Weber.  Rather than merely being amoral monsters, the Nazis emerged out of a distinguished liberal secular humanist intellectual tradition.</p>
<p>Max Weinreich documented in <em>Hitler&#8217;s Professors: The Part of Scholarship in Germany&#8217;s Crimes against the Jewish People</em>, an exhaustive study of the complicity of German intellectuals with the Nazi regime.  Far from opposing the Nazi regime, we find that German academia actively provided the intellectual justification for Nazi fascism as well as the conceptual framework for the Holocaust.  Weinreich does not claim that German scholars intended the Holocaust, but he argues that the Holocaust would not have been possible without them.</p>
<p>He asks, &#8220;Did they administer the poison?  By no means; they only wrote the prescription.&#8221;</p>
<p>How could such a thing happen?</p>
<p>Very easily, it turns out.</p>
<p>The existentialists (along with the secular humanists and the liberals), deny the transcendent, deny objective truth, and deny the objective morality that derive from transcendence and objective truth.  Rather than any preordained system &#8211; whether moral or theological &#8211; existentialist anchored meaning not to any ideals or abstractions, but in the individual&#8217;s personal existence.  Life has no ultimate meaning; meaning is personal; and human beings must therefore create their own meaning for themselves.</p>
<p>One should already begin to see the problem: since existentialism, by its very nature, refuses to give objective answers to moral or ideological questions, a particular existentialist might choose to follow either a democrat or totalitarian ideology &#8211; and it frankly doesn&#8217;t matter which.  All that matters is that the choice be a genuine choice.</p>
<p>Existentialists didn&#8217;t merely acknowledge this abandonment of transcendent morality, they positively reveled in it.  In his book <em>St. Genet</em>, Jean-Paul Sartre celebrated the life of a criminal.  Genet was a robber, a drug dealer, and a sexual deviant.  By all conventional moral standards, Genet was an evil man.  But for Sartre, even ostensibly evil actions could be moral if they were performed in &#8220;good faith.&#8221;  And since Sartre&#8217;s Genet consciously chose to do what he did, and took responsibility for his choices and his actions, he was a saint in existentialist terms.</p>
<p>And the problem becomes even worse: by rejecting the concepts of transcendence, objective meaning, truth, and moral law, and by investing ultimate authority in the human will (i.e. Nietzsche&#8217;s &#8220;will to power&#8221;, Hitler&#8217;s &#8220;triumph of the will&#8221;), existentialism played directly into the hands of fascism &#8212; which preached the <strong><em>SAME</em></strong> doctrines.  If fascism can be defined as &#8220;<a href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/2009509" target="_blank">violent and practical resistance against the process of transcendence</a>,&#8221; as Ernst Nolte defined it, then it&#8217;s affinities with existentialism are crystal clear.  The two movements became part of the same stream of thought.</p>
<p>Modern Nietzsche followers argue that Nietzsche was not a racial anti-Semite.  For the sake of argument maybe he wasn&#8217;t; but he was without any question an intellectual anti-Semite, who attacked the Jews for their ideas and their ethics &#8212; particularly as they contributed to Western civilization and to Christianity (which he also actively despised).  And in addition to Nietzsche&#8217;s intellectual anti-Semitism was his utter contempt for any form of abstractions &#8212; particularly as they related to the transcendental categories of morality and reason.  Nietzsche maintained that abstraction of life resulted from abstraction of thought.  And he blamed Christianity &#8211; which he rightly blamed as a creation of the Jews &#8211; for the denial of life manifested in Christian morality.</p>
<p>And, unlike most pseudo-intellectuals of today, Nietzsche was consistent: in his attack against Christianity, he attacked Judeo-Christian morality.  He attacked the Christian value of other-centered love, and argued that notions of compassion and mercy favored the weak and the unfit, thereby breeding more weakness.  Don&#8217;t you dare think for a single nanosecond that Hitler didn&#8217;t take the arguments of this beloved-by-liberals philosopher and run down the field with them toward the death camps.</p>
<p>The Nazis aligned themselves not only against the Jews but against the the Judeo-Christian God and the Judeo-Christian morality the Jews represented.  A transcendent lawgiving God, who reveals His moral law on real tablets of stone for mankind to follow, was anathema to the fascists.  They argued that such transcendence alienates human beings from nature and from themselves (i.e., from their own genuine choices).  The fascist intellectuals sought to forge a new spirituality of immanence, focused upon nature, on human emotions, and on the community.  The fascists sought to restore the ancient pre-Christian consciousness, the ancient mythic sensibility in the form of the land and the blood, in which individuals experience unity with nature, with each other, and with their own deepest impulses.</p>
<p>Gene Edward Veith in his book <em>Modern Fascism: Liquidating the Judeo-Christian worldview</em> writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>The fascist rebellion against transcendence restored the ancient pagan consciousness.  With it came barbarism, a barbarism armed with modern technology and intellectual sophistication.  The liquidation of the transcendent moral law and &#8220;Jewish&#8221; conscience allowed the resurgence of the most primitive and destructive emotions, the unleashing of original sin (page 14).</p></blockquote>
<p>Nietzsche argued that God is dead, and Hitler tried to finish Him off by eradicating the Jews.  What is less known is that he also planned to solve the &#8220;church problem&#8221; after the war.  Hitler himself  said:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The war is going to be over.  The last great task of our age will be to solve the church problem.  It is only then that the nation will be wholly secure&#8221; [From <em>Hitler's Tabletalk </em>(December 1941), quoted in <em>The Nazi Years: A Documentary History</em>, ed. Joachim Remak, 1990, page 105].</p></blockquote>
<p>Hitler boasted that &#8220;I have six divisions of SS composed of men absolutely indifferent in matters of religion.  It doesn&#8217;t prevent them from going to their deaths with serenity in their souls.&#8221;  And Himmler said, &#8220;Men who can&#8217;t divest themselves of manners of previous centuries, and scoff and sling mud at things which are &#8216;holy&#8217; and matters of belief to others, once and for all do not belong in the SS.&#8221;</p>
<p>With the creed &#8220;God is dead&#8221; and the resulting &#8220;death of God,&#8221; Nietzsche predicted that energizing conflict and revolution would reemerge in a great wave of nihilism.  Human beings would continue to evolve, he said, nodding to Darwinism.  And man would ultimately give way to Superman.  And Nietzsche said that this Superman would not accept the anachronistic abstract, transcendental meanings imposed by disembodied Judeo-Christian rationalism or by a life-denying religion.  Rather, this Superman would <strong>CREATE</strong> meaning for himself and for the world as a whole.</p>
<p>The Superman, according to Nietzsche, would be an artist who could shape the human race &#8211; no longer bound by putrefying and stultifying and stupefying transcendence &#8211; to his will.  &#8220;Man is for him an un-form, a material, an ugly stone that needs a sculptor,&#8221; he wrote.  Such a statement did not merely anticipate the Darwinist-based Nazi eugenics movement.  It demonstrated how the exaltation of the human will could and would lead not to general liberty, as one might have expected, but to the control of the many by the elite &#8212; with those of the weaker in will being subjugated to the will of the Supermen.</p>
<p>Nietzsche&#8217;s new ethic became the rationale for all the Nazi atrocities that would follow.  As Nietzsche himself put it, &#8220;The weak and the failures shall perish: the first principle of <em>OUR</em> love of man.  And they shall even be given every possible assistance.  What is more harmful than any vice? Active pity for all the failures and the weak: Christianity&#8221; (in &#8220;The Anti-Christ&#8221; in<em> Portable Nietzsche</em>, p. 570).  We see here also the exemplification of yet another legacy left behind by Nietzsche that was picked up by the Nazi and afterward by secular humanist atheists today: the Nietzschean attitude of flippant, sarcastic contempt for all the ordinary human values that had resulted from Judeo-Christianity.</p>
<p>One of the ordinary human values that had resulted from Judeo-Christianity was the fundamental sanctity of human life.  But the Nazis had their own concept &#8211; <em>Lebensunwertes Leben</em> (&#8220;life unworthy of life&#8221;).  And nearly fifty million of the most innocent and helpless human beings have perished as a result of an existentialist philosophy that survived the fall of the Nazis in liberal thought, which celebrates pro-existentialist &#8220;pro-choice&#8221; above human life.</p>
<p>Nietzsche&#8217;s philosophy underlies the thought of all the later existentialists, and the darker implications of his thought proved impossible to ignore.</p>
<p>And Martin Heidegger, in his own personal choice to commit himself to National Socialism, did not ignore them.</p>
<p>There is more that needs to be understood.</p>
<p>Martin Heidegger invoked Nietzsche in his 1933 Rectoral Address, in his speech entitled, &#8220;<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/MartinHeidegger-TheSelfAssertionOfTheGermanUniversity1933" target="_blank">The Self-Assertion of the German University</a>,&#8221; in which he articulated his commitment to the integration of academia with National Socialism.  He began by asking, if Nietzsche is correct in saying that God is dead, what are the implications for knowledge?</p>
<p>As Heidegger explained, if God is dead, there is no longer a transcendent authority or reference point for objective truth.  Whereas classical thought, exemplified by the Greeks, could confidently search for objective truth, today, after the death of God, truth becomes intrinsically &#8220;hidden and uncertain.&#8221;  Today the process of questioning is &#8220;no longer a preliminary step that is surmounted on the way to the answer and thus to knowing; rather, questioning itself becomes the highest form of knowing.&#8221;</p>
<p>Heidegger&#8217;s conclusion became accepted to the point of becoming a commonplace of contemporary liberal thought: <em>that knowledge is a matter of process, not content</em>.  With the death of God, there is no longer any set of absolutes or abstract ideals by which existence must be ordered.  Such &#8220;essentialism&#8221; is an illusion; and knowledge in the sense of objective, absolute truth must be challenged.  The scholar is not one who knows or searches for some absolute truth, but the one who questions everything that pretends to be true.</p>
<p>Again, one would think that such a skeptical methodology would be highly incompatible with fascism, with its practice of subjecting people to an absolute human authority.  And yet this betrays a fundamental misunderstanding of fascism.  In fact, Heidegger&#8217;s Rectoral Address was warmly endorsed by the National Socialists for a very good reason: the fascists saw themselves as iconoclasts, interrogating the old order and boldly challenging all transcendent absolutes.</p>
<p>We find that in this same address in which Heidegger asserts that &#8220;questioning itself becomes the highest form of knowing,&#8221; Heidegger went on to advocate expelling academic freedom from the university:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;To give oneself the law is the highest freedom.  The much-lauded &#8216;academic freedom&#8217; will be expelled from the university.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Heidegger argued that the traditional canons of academic freedom were not genuine but only negative, encouraging &#8220;lack of concern&#8221; and &#8220;arbitrariness.&#8221;  Scholars must become unified with each other and devote themselves to service.  In doing so, he stated, &#8220;the concept of the freedom of German students is now brought back to it&#8217;s truth.&#8221;</p>
<p>Now, the claim that freedom would somehow emerge when academic freedom is eliminated might be sophistry of the worst kind, but it is not mere rhetorical doublespeak.  Why?  Because Heidegger was speaking existentially, calling not for blind obedience, but for a genuine commitment of the will.  Freedom was preserved because &#8220;to give oneself the law&#8221; was a voluntary, freely chosen commitment.  Academic freedom as the disinterested pursuit of truth shows &#8220;arbitrariness,&#8221; parking of the old essentialist view that truth is objective and transcendent.  The essentialist scholar is detached and disengaged, showing &#8220;lack of concern,&#8221; missing the sense in which truth is ultimately personal, a matter of the will, demanding personal responsibility and choice.  In the new order, the scholar will be fully engaged in service to the community.  Academic freedom is alienating, a function of the old commitment to moral and intellectual absolutes.</p>
<p>And what this meant in practice could be seen in the Bavarian Minister of Culture&#8217;s directive to professors in Munich, that they were no longer to determine whether something &#8220;is true, but whether it is in keeping with the direction of the National Socialist revolution&#8221; (Hans Schemm, quoted in Hermann Glaser, <em>The Cultural Roots of National Socialism</em>, tr. Ernest A. Menze, 1978, p. 99).</p>
<p>I point all of the above out to now say that it is happening all over again, by intellectuals who unknowingly share most of the same tenets that made the horror possible the last time.</p>
<p>We live in a time and in a country in which the all-too modern <a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0713/p09s02-coop.html" target="_blank">left has virtually purged the university of conservatives</a> and conservative thought.  <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html" target="_blank">This is simply a fact that is routinely confirmed</a>.  And as a mater of routine, <a href="http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080530/liberals-again-dominate-commencement-ceremonies/index.html" target="_blank">conservative speakers need not apply at universities</a>.  If they are actually invited to speak, <a href="http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/news/2687/being-shouted-down" target="_blank">they are frequently shouted down by a relative few liberal activists</a>.  And <a href="http://97.74.65.51/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=22229" target="_blank">leftwing censorship is commonplace</a>.  Free speech is largely gone, in a <a href="http://www.adversity.net/education_1_california.htm" target="_blank">process that simply quashes unwanted views</a>.  We have a process today in which a professor who is himself employing fascist tactics calls a student &#8220;<a href="http://chronicle.com/news/article/5976/los-angeles-city-college-is-sued-over-alleged-bias-against-christian-student" target="_blank">a fascist bastard</a>.&#8221;  And why did he do so?  Because the student gave a speech in a speech class choosing a side on a topic that the professor did not like.</p>
<p>We live in a society in which too many of our judges have despised a system of objective laws from an objective Constitution and have imposed their own will upon both.  Judicial activist judges have largely driven transcendent religion and the transcendent God who gives objective moral laws out of the public sphere.</p>
<p>Today, we live in a society that will not post the Ten Commandments &#8211; the epitome of transcendent divinely-ordained moral law &#8211; in public schools.  And why not?  <a href="http://morallaw.org/blog/?p=31" target="_blank">Because judges ruled that</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>“If the posted copies of the Ten Commandments are to have any effect at all, it will be to induce the schoolchildren to read, meditate upon, perhaps to venerate and obey, the Commandments,” which, the Court said, is “not a permissible state objective under the Establishment Clause.”</p></blockquote>
<p>One can only marvel that such justices so cynically debauched <a href="http://startthinkingright.wordpress.com/2009/07/26/whose-country-do-we-want-our-founding-fathers-or-our-secular-contemporaries/" target="_blank">the thought of the founding fathers</a> whose ideas they professed to be upholding.</p>
<p>Justices of the Supreme Court agreed with this fallacious ruling <a href="http://ten-commandments.us/ten_commandments/publicdisplay.html" target="_blank">even as the figure of Moses holding the Ten Commandments rules atop the very building</a> in which they betrayed our nation&#8217;s founding principles.</p>
<p>And thus the left has stripped the United States of America bare of transcendent moral law, just as their intellectual forebears did prior to WWII in Nazi Germany.   And thus the intellectual left has largely stripped the United States of America from free debate within academia largely by pursuing the same line of reasoning that Nazi philosopher Martin Heidegger employed to do the same in Nazi Germany.  We saw this very feature <a href="http://www.infowars.com/climategate-peer-review-system-was-hijacked-by-warming-alarmists/" target="_blank">evidenced by leftist scientists who threw aside their scientific ethics in order to purge climatologists who came to a different conclusion</a>.</p>
<p>The climate that led to fascism and to Nazism in Germany did not occur overnight, even though the final plunge may have appeared to be such to an uninformed observer.  It occurred over a period of a half a dozen decades or so, with the transcendent and objective moral foundations having been systematically torn away.  And after that degree of cancer had been reached, it only took the right leader or the right event to plunge the world into madness.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[A luz e a sombra de Sartre]]></title>
<link>http://armonte.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/a-luz-e-a-sombra-de-sartre/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2009 13:01:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>alfredomonte</dc:creator>
<guid>http://armonte.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/a-luz-e-a-sombra-de-sartre/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[(resenha publicada em 18 de junho de 2005)     Para comentar o centenário do nascimento de Jean-Paul]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://armonte.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/levy.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-1757" title="lévy" src="http://armonte.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/levy.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="210" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://armonte.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/seculo-de-sartre.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1756" title="século de sartre" src="http://armonte.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/seculo-de-sartre.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="360" /></a></p>
<p>(resenha publicada em 18 de junho de 2005)</p>
<p>    Para comentar o centenário do nascimento de Jean-Paul Sartre (que ocorrerá no dia 21 deste mês) fica-se na dúvida: que obra escolher ? São tantas, e  tantas são apaixonantes, até as obras de filosofia como <em>O ser e o nada</em>&#8230; E Sartre ainda continua a ser publicado, diga-se o que se quiser sobre o declínio de sua influência,  os livros mais inesperados ganham contínuas reedições, como <em>Que é a literatura ?</em>  Para homenageá-lo, seria preciso falar de ambos, do teatro, de  <em>A náusea</em>, dos contos de <em>O muro</em>,  da magnífica trilogia, <em>Os caminhos da liberdade</em>, da qual tantos não gostam, de <em>As palavras</em>, de  <em>Questão de método</em>, de textos das  diversas <em>Situações</em>, do belíssimo roteiro-que-não-foi-filmado, <em>Freud, além da alma</em>, do livro sobre Jean Genet, de <em>A esperança agora</em>&#8230;</p>
<p>    Caminho mais fácil: comentar um livro a respeito dele e que justamente tem a ambição de fazer frente a todas as vertentes sartreanas: <strong><em>O século de Sartre </em></strong>(Nova Fronteira<em>)</em>, publicado por Bernard-Henri Lévy na virada do milênio. Lévy vai tão fundo  que acaba por nos dar a impressão de fazer a Sartre o que este fez a Genet e tantos outros, ao estudar suas biografias e obras, precipitando seu eleito “no buraco negro do seu próprio pensamento. É a desventura de Genet, esmagado pela homenagem que ele lhe presta, canibalizado, reduzido a nada e quase parando de escrever, ou seja, de existir, após a publicação de <em>São Genet</em>, esse livro-mausoléu onde le meio que o enterrou vivo&#8230; longe de ser um acidente&#8230; esse beijo da morte é um dos modos normais de sua relação com os artistas que admira”.</p>
<p>      O nó da questão:  Sartre escreveu <em>São Genet</em>, canibalizou seu objeto de estudo, mas era Sartre, e um escritor muito mais importante do que seu colega. O que era exatamente Bernard-Henri Lévy antes de <strong><em>O século de Sartre</em></strong> ? O mais famoso e vendido dos chamados “novos filósofos” que apareceram na década de 70. Qual foi sua contribuição como pensador? Segundo Michel Winock, no fabuloso <em>O século dos intelectuais</em>,  mereceria um estudo especial a desproporção evidente entre a importância da sua obra e a freqüência com que aparece na tevê  (deve-se lembrar que o próprio Lévy tem um livrinho, <em>Elogio dos intelectuais</em>). No entanto, até que ele revelou certo talento como romancista em <em>O diabo na cabeça</em> e <em>Os últimos dias de Charles Baudelaire</em>.</p>
<p>    Com nó ou sem nó: <strong><em>O século de Sartre</em></strong> é a mais incrível surpresa dos últimos anos. Todos os pontos importantes são esmiuçados, os textos são percorridos com arrepiante minúcia (ainda que a análise peque, às vezes, por uma certa grandiloqüência). Qualquer leitura é sempre redutora, qualquer tipo de  citação poda, mutila, cria um contorno fácil demais ? Nada disso, a sensação é de que o leque Sartre abre-se cada vez, e nunca se esgota. Ele nos resgata a eminência do mais famoso intelectual do século XX, e como ela é constituída por suas próprias qualidades, pelo clima da época e por equívocos, mostra as influências omitidas, tanto literárias (Gide, por exemplo, enquanto ele proclamava Joyce, Kafka e John dos Passos), quanto filosóficas (Bergson, enquanto ele proclamava Husserl e o nazista Heidegger), como ele  pirateava pensamentos e pastichava estilos (moderno, portanto). Acaba com a velha baboseira da filosofia enfraquecer a força do romance sartreano (e finalmente alguém faz justiça a <em>Caminhos da liberdade</em> enquanto obra-prima da ficção), o que não o impede de ser injusto com o teatro praticado por ele (apesar de fazer uma magnífica leitura de <em>Bariona</em>, a primeira peça, ainda amadora). </p>
<p>    Esmiuça o anti-totalitarismo radical do primeiro Sartre (cujas balizas principais são <em>A náusea </em>e<em>  O ser e o nada</em>, mas também aproveita de forma magistral vários textos  circunstanciais) para contrapô-lo ao segundo Sartre que se colocou a serviço do stalinismo (numa fase em que os intelectuais  já saltavam fora do barco) e, posteriormente, do maoísmo, e que passará a renegar sua obra até chegar ao ponto de condenar radicalmente o ato de escrever como uma doença adquirida na infância, uma quimera que destruiu sua vida, por influência do avô, em <em>As palavras</em>. Tudo pela causa do povo, de uma humanidade futura, ele, que afirmara que  “a existência precede a essência”  e que, por isso, jamais poderia acreditar numa abstração desse tipo.</p>
<p>    Nesses descaminhos da liberdade, a última surpresa do velho pensador, já cego, meio que desacreditado até por sua  “família”, ou seja, o grupo de amigos-discípulos liderados por Simone de Beauvoir (e Lévy nos faz repensar o até agora insuspeito relato do “declínio” de Sartre em <em>Cerimônia do Adeus</em>): sob a influência de um homônimo do autor de <strong><em>O século de Sartre</em></strong>, o ex-maoísta radical, o judeu-egípcio Benny Lévy (conhecido como Pierre Victor), a inclinação para o pensamento judaico. Mas a morte chegou antes de se verificar a extensão da nova mudança de rota, aquela anunciada de modo tão simples e comovente quando Benny Lévy pergunta: “Recomeça-se tudo? Recomeça-se aos 75 anos?” “É claro”.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><a href="http://armonte.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/sartre.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1758" title="sartre" src="http://armonte.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/sartre.jpg" alt="" width="485" height="600" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Denksel LXII]]></title>
<link>http://hanniballektor.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/denksel-lxii/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 22:29:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Frank Benedikt</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hanniballektor.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/denksel-lxii/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Das Versagen der Kommunikation ist der Anfang aller Gewalttätigkeit. [Jean-Paul Sartre]]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Das Versagen der Kommunikation ist der Anfang aller Gewalttätigkeit. [Jean-Paul Sartre]]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Sartre e le droghe: le allucinazioni gli facevano vedere mostri e aragoste]]></title>
<link>http://sottoosservazione.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/sartre-e-le-droghe-le-allucinazioni-gli-facevano-vedere-mostri-e-aragoste/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 20:37:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>sottoosservazione</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sottoosservazione.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/sartre-e-le-droghe-le-allucinazioni-gli-facevano-vedere-mostri-e-aragoste/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Il potere immaginativo della filosofia. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) inseguito da battaglioni di ara]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div><a href="http://sottoosservazione.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/images117.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-8665" title="images" src="http://sottoosservazione.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/images117.jpg" alt="" width="124" height="119" /></a>Il potere immaginativo della filosofia.<br />
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) inseguito da battaglioni di aragoste rosse sugli Champs-Elysees, i grandi viali di Parigi. Era questa una delle ricorrenti allucinazioni del filosofo francese negli anni Settanta, quando si drogava con la mescalina, un potente principio attivo contenuto nel peyote, un cactus di piccole dimensioni che cresce prevalentemente in Messico. Il padre dell&#8217;esistenzialismo, che aveva cominciato a sperimentare la sostanza psichedelica già a partire dal 1935, quando ormai era più che sessantenne era talvolta vittima di allucinazioni dove i «mostri» erano crostacei giganti che lo inseguivano.<!--more--></div>
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Le allucinazioni con i granchi e le aragoste nelle strade di Pargi erano collegate a una terribile sensazione di un freddo patita da Sartre. La storia finora conosciuta dalla cerchia degli amici intimi del filosofo è ora rivelata, racconta in un&#8217;anticipazione il sito internet della rivista «Le Nouvel Observateur», per il grande pubblico da un nuovo libro in uscita negli Stati Uniti, che fornisce precisazioni inedite sul flirt di Sartre con la follia della droga.<br />
Il volume si intitola «Talking with Sartre» ed è pubblicato dalla Yale University Press: raccoglie una serie di conversazioni inedite tra l&#8217;autore di «L&#8217;essere e il nulla» e John Gerassi, un professore di scienze politiche del Queens College di New York, i cui genitori frequentavano il filosofo ed i suoi amici intellettuali francesi.<br />
Fernando Gerassi, un ebreo turco, che fu uno dei generali dell&#8217;esercito repubblicano durante la guerra civile spagnola, era il marito dell&#8217;ucraina Stepha: la coppia fece la conoscenza di Sartre e della compagna Simone de Beauvoir durante la frequetazione della Closerie des Lilas, la celebre brasserie parigina, di fronte alla quale si trovava una clinica dove nacque proprio John Gerassi.<br />
«Fu in quella brasserie che mio padre conobbe Sartre, de Beauvoir ma anche Andrè Breton, Marc Chagall e Joan Mirò, che si radunavano lì per bere. E di tanto in tanto mio padre lasciava il locale per precipitarsi per le scale della clinica per vedere se ero nato», racconta John Gerassi. Il giorno in cui il figlio di Fernando e Stepha vide la luce, Sartre arrivò in notevole ritardo alla critica. Ma il filosofo, descritto nel libro come un ateo incallito, accettò l&#8217;invito della coppia di nuovi amici di fare il «non padrino» del neonato. La vicinanza della sua famiglia con Sartre offrì molti anni dopo a John Gerassi l&#8217;occasione di fare una serie di interviste approfondite con il filosofo in vista di una biografia.<br />
L&#8217;autore del romanzo «La nausea», insignito del Premio Nobel della Letteratura nel 1964, che clamorosamente rifiutò, iniziò a sperimentare la mescalina nel 1935 &#8211; racconta John Gerassi nel suo libro &#8211; soprattutto per curiosità, come molti altri scrittori ed artisti, ad esempio come Aldous Huxley e Henri Michaux, con l&#8217;obiettivo di vivere stati di alterazione o espansione della coscienza.<br />
Così Sartre raccontò una sua allucinazione psichedelica a Grenassi: «Dopo aver preso la mescalina, cominciai a vedere in ogni dove granchi intorno a me. Granchi che mi seguivano per la strada, financo in classe. La mattina dopo mi svegliai e dissi loro: &#8220;Bongiorno, piccoli, avete dormito bene?&#8221; E poi: &#8220;Okay ragazzi, ora andiamo in classe&#8221;. E quei granchi rimasero là, circondando il mio ufficio, con grande tranquiillità, fino a quando non suonò la campanella». Secondo John Gerassi, tracce dell&#8217;influenza delle allucinazioni si ritroverebbe anche nella scrittura di Jean-Paul Sartre, ad esempio già nel romanzo «La nausea» del 1938, considerato il manifesto dell&#8217;esistenzialismo, a cui lavorò tre anni dopo la prima assunzione della mescalina, oppure in certe scene del dramma teatrale «I sequestrati di Altona» del 1959, che tre anni più tardi divenne un film del regista Vittorio De Sica.</div>
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<div>Quando gli stati di alterazioni diventarono sempre più frequenti, racconta Gerassi nel suo libro, come quando vedeva giganteschi ragni sul soffitto, Sartre chiese una consulenza a un giovane psichiatra chiamato a un futuro luminoso, all&#8217;epoca un certo Jacques Lacan, che diagnosticò a Sartre una depressione. La sua ricorrente «visione» di ragni o granchi era provocata da una depressione psichica, innescata dalla paura di restare intrappolato nel ruolo di insegnante. «Dovevo prendere la vita sul serio, era questo ciò che c&#8217;era di peggio &#8211; raccontò Sartre a Gerassi in un colloquio &#8211; I granchi rimasero con me fino al giorno in cui molto semplicemente decisi che essi mi avevano annoiato e fu così che da allora non prestai più a loro nessuna attenzione».</div>
<div>Luigi Mascheroni</div>
<div><a href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/cultura/sartre_e_droghe_allucinazioni_facevano_vedere_mostri_e_aragoste/libri-letteratura_internazionale-sartre-mescalina/26-11-2009/articolo-id=402096-page=0-comments=1" target="_blank">Il Giornale</a></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Primeras sesiones del Seminario de Jóvenes Filósofos]]></title>
<link>http://umanoides.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/primeras-sesiones-del-seminario-de-jovenes-filosofos/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 13:16:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>umanoidemanme</dc:creator>
<guid>http://umanoides.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/primeras-sesiones-del-seminario-de-jovenes-filosofos/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Alejandro Rojas ha subido a la web de www.filosofiaenmalaga.net resúmenes de las dos primeras sesion]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Alejandro Rojas ha subido a la web de www.filosofiaenmalaga.net resúmenes de las dos primeras sesiones del Seminario sobre La verdad de los Jóvenes Filósofos de Málaga.<br />
Aquí está la web:</p>
<p>http://www.filosofiaenmalaga.net/primerasesion.htm</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Desproges et les intellectuels français vus par un Anglais]]></title>
<link>http://vupar.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/desproges-et-les-intellectuels-francais-vus-par-un-anglais/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 08:29:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>vupar</dc:creator>
<guid>http://vupar.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/desproges-et-les-intellectuels-francais-vus-par-un-anglais/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Les intelectuels français ? Verbeux, engagés et brillants  &#8220;Certains mots que nous utilisons p]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#800000;">Les intelectuels français ? Verbeux, engagés et brillants</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">&#8220;Certains mots que nous utilisons pour définir un intellectuel en Angleterre sont carrément méchants : grosse tête, polard, crâne d&#8217;oeuf. Autant de termes moqueurs, agressifs et insultants. A Paris, à un saut d&#8217;ici en Eurostar, ils voient les choses un peu différemment. Là-bas, l&#8217;intellectuel est auréolé de prestige. Il a un poids émotionnel totalement étranger au tempérament pragmatique, flegmatique et antithéâtral des Anglais. Mais en est-il toujours ainsi &#8211; même après la mort du communisme ? Je me suis rendu à Paris pour mener ma propre enquête. Un des kiosques de la gare de Lyon fut ma première étape. La littérature sérieuse de Gallimard domine les rayonnages. L&#8217;autobiographie de Régis Debray, <em>Par amour de l&#8217;art : une éducation intellectuelle</em>, un exercice verbeux de questionnement quasi philosophique, bénéficie d&#8217;une promotion musclée. Tout comme le livre-interview de l&#8217;humoriste Pierre Desproges, dont l&#8217;accroche de couverture a tout du rabâchage cartésien typique : <em>La seule certitude que j&#8217;aie, c&#8217;est d&#8217;être dans le doute</em></span><span style="color:#000000;">. Est-ce qu&#8217;un seul éditeur anglais aurait pu considérer ce titre comme un slogan vendeur ?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><!--more-->J&#8217;achète <em>le Monde, </em>le quotidien parisien le plus dense en informations. Récemment, il a publié un grand article sur les 35 cinéastes qui se sont joints à une manifestation de solidarité avec les sans-papiers. Qui, en Angleterre, irait s&#8217;intéresser à ce que pense une bande de réalisateurs ? D&#8217;autres papiers traitent du débat impitoyable qui divise les intellectuels français quant à l&#8217;Algérie. Un autre attaque le romancier albanais Ismaïl Kadaré pour sa position erronée sur le Kosovo. <em>&#8220;Un grand talent littéraire a perdu sa passion politique&#8221;, </em>cingle l&#8217;éditorialiste. Coup de sang digne de Jean-Paul Sartre, qui déclara autrefois que, pour un écrivain, l&#8217;engagement politique est une nécessité morale fondamentale. En fait, être politiquement discret est considéré comme un acte de trahison. Peut-on être moins anglais ? (&#8230;) Et que pense l&#8217;homme de la rue des intellectuels ? (&#8230;) C&#8217;est un phénomène bourgeois, parisien. L&#8217;idée de la pureté des idées est peut-être un non-sens. Et ils sont si nombreux à s&#8217;être mis dans le pétrin. Ce qui signifie ? <em>&#8220;Ils se sont laissé séduire par l&#8217;idée du pouvoir. Maintenant, les idéologies sont mortes. Il ne nous reste plus que le capitalisme et le marché.&#8221; </em>Je demande [à Delouze] ce qu&#8217;il pense de Philippe Sollers, romancier, biographe, penseur, ancien mari de Julia Kristeva et l&#8217;un des &#8220;grands intellectuels&#8221; du moment, un homme qui vient souvent pontifier sur des sujets culturels à la télévision française. <em>&#8220;Très, très, très brillant&#8221;, </em>commente Delouze avec une emphase triomphale, <em>&#8220;mais aussi un peu versatile. Un homme qui a dîné autrefois avec Valéry Giscard d&#8217;Estaing et qui, plus récemment, s&#8217;est rallié au camp d&#8217;Edouard Balladur. Pour ma part, j&#8217;ai refusé une invitation à l&#8217;Elysée après la guerre du Golfe.&#8221;</em> Il marque une pause le temps de boire un verre ou deux, puis pousse un long soupir.</span></p>
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<p><span style="color:#000000;">Je me rends ensuite à <em>La Closerie des Lilas. </em>Assis au milieu de cette luxueuse splendeur, c&#8217;est là que je le remarque, à quelques pas de moi, occupé à écrire avec un stylo en écaille dans un coûteux carnet de cuir noir (&#8230;)  Nous parlons d&#8217;art, et il m&#8217;affirme que, sans le catholicisme, l&#8217;art est presque impossible. Enfin, presque. Quand il s&#8217;en va, la foule s&#8217;agite dans le restaurant. Un homme se penche vers moi pour me dire : </span><span style="color:#000000;"><em>&#8220;Vous saviez que c&#8217;était Philippe Sollers ?&#8221;<br />
</em>La tête vide, je reviens chez moi et je prends un des livres récents de Sollers dans ma bibliothèque. C&#8217;est une biographie de Vivant Denon**, peintre, graveur et soldat du XVIIIe siècle, égyptologue amateur dont les pillages ont enrichi les collections du Louvre. Mais ce qui m&#8217;intéresse, c&#8217;est plutôt la façon d&#8217;écrire de Sollers. Ici, rien de sec comme dans tant de biographies anglo-saxonnes, mais un texte intime, habile, sur le ton de la conversation, comme s&#8217;il était destiné à quelque petit salon très élitiste d&#8217;un autre intellectuel. Il écrit presque comme s&#8217;il était du XVIIIe siècle et il jouit de la remarquable ouverture intellectuelle d&#8217;un Rousseau, d&#8217;un Voltaire, ces grands esprits dont les idées ont contribué à préparer l&#8217;avènement de la République française il y a deux cents ans.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><br />
En ce temps-là, l&#8217;écrivain philosophe disposait d&#8217;un authentique pouvoir. A l&#8217;époque, il était encore possible de croire que l&#8217;on pouvait accéder à la somme des connaissances humaines et que les êtres humains étaient peut-être même perfectibles si l&#8217;on y réfléchissait suffisamment longtemps, et avec assez de force&#8230; Surtout avec l&#8217;aide d&#8217;une bouteille ou deux de saint-émilion à peu près correct. Quelques heures &#8211; ou quelques jours &#8211; plus tard, je retourne à reculons vers Londres, où m&#8217;accueille une bruine, insidieuse, intellectuellement désespérante.&#8221;</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;">Michael Glover &#8211; The Independent &#8211; 11/06/98</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[La muerte de Dios]]></title>
<link>http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/la-muerte-de-dios/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 03:32:42 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman</dc:creator>
<guid>http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/la-muerte-de-dios/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Es bastante conocida la doctrina de la muerte de Dios, proclamada inicialmente por Friedrich Nietzsc]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">Es bastante conocida la doctrina de la muerte de Dios, proclamada inicialmente por Friedrich Nietzsche, y luego seguida por muchos.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Personalmente, me parece que Jean-Paul Sartre ha sido quien mejor ha expresado el espíritu de esta doctrina en sus obras de literatura—en especial en su teatro—, y justamente quiero compartir en este post un fragmento de <em>El diablo y Dios</em>, en donde me parece se expresa de forma magistral—y concentrada—. Veamos.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Heinrich: ¿Para qué simulas hablarle [a Dios]? De sobra sabes que no responderá.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Goetz: ¿Y por qué ese silencio? Él, que se hizo visible a la burra del profeta, ¿por qué se niega a mostrárseme?</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Heinrich: Porque tú no cuentas. A Dios le importa un bledo que tortures a los débiles o te martirices a ti mismo, que beses los labios de una cortesana o los de un leproso, que mueras de privaciones o de voluptuosidades.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Goetz: ¿Quién cuenta, entonces?</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Heinrich: Nadie. El hombre no es nada. No te hagas el sorprendido; siempre lo supiste. Lo sabías cuando echaste los dados. ¿Por qué, si no, hubieses hecho trampa? (Goetz trata de hablar.) Hiciste trampa: Catalina te vio, forzaste la voz para cubrir el silencio de Dios. Las órdenes que pretendes recibir, eres tú quien te las envías.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Goetz (reflexionando): Sí, yo.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Heinrich (sorprendido): Pues sí. Tú mismo.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Goetz (el mismo tono): Sólo yo.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Heinrich: Sí, te digo que sí.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;text-align:justify;">Goetz (levantando la cabeza): Sólo yo, cura, tienes razón. Sólo yo. Yo suplicaba, mendigaba un signo, enviaba al cielo mis mensajes; y no había respuesta. El cielo ignora hasta mi nombre. A cada minuto me preguntaba lo que podía ser yo a los ojos de Dios. Ahora sé la respuesta: nada. Dios no me ve, Dios no me oye, Dios no me conoce. ¿Ves ese vació por encima de nuestras cabezas? Es Dios. ¿Ves esa brecha en la puerta? Es Dios. ¿Ves ese agujero en la tierra? También es Dios. El silencio, es Dios. La ausencia, es Dios. Dios es la soledad de los hombres. Estaba yo solo; yo solo decidí el Mal; solo, inventé yo el Bien. Fui yo quien hizo trampa, yo quien hizo milagros, yo quien me acuso hoy, sólo yo puedo absolverme; yo, el hombre. Si Dios existe, el hombre es nada; si el hombre existe… ¿Adónde vas?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La cita ya la puse antes en este blog, como parte de <strong><a href="http://tbpd.wordpress.com/2009/07/26/el-caracter-existencialista-del-absurdo-en-temor-y-temblor-de-s%C3%B8ren-kierkegaard/">mi ponencia del Simposio de Estudiantes de Filosofía del año 2008</a></strong>.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Cadernos Sartre]]></title>
<link>http://ressentimento.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/cadernos-sartre-setembro-2009/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 01:38:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ressentimento</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ressentimento.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/cadernos-sartre-setembro-2009/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Tenho finalmente em mãos a revista onde, pela primeira vez, publiquei um artigo acadêmico sobre a fi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://ressentimento.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/cadernos-sartre.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1043" title="cadernos sartre" src="http://ressentimento.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/cadernos-sartre.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="642" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Tenho finalmente em mãos a revista onde, pela primeira vez, publiquei um artigo acadêmico sobre a filosofia de Jean-Paul Sartre. Trata-se dos Cadernos Sartre, organizado pelo GES (Grupo de Estudos Sartre) da Universidade Estadual do Ceará.<br />
A revista conta com nove artigos sobre Sartre, onde diversos estudiosos tratam dos mais diferentes temas &#8211; história, ética, arte, ontologia, subjetividade, intersubjetividade &#8211; sob um ponto de vista sartreano. Meu destaque vai, claro, para o artigo de um conviva muito versado na filosofia sartreana. Adelar Conceição dos Santos, mestre em filosofia pelo programa de pós-graduação da UFSM, nos apresenta a crítica sartreana à Husserl e sua noção de Eu Transcendental, crítica que constitui o tema de <em>A Transcendência do Ego</em>, obra de Sartre que nos apresenta uma noção filosófica de &#8220;eu&#8221; distinta das posições cartesiana, kantiana, husserliana e psicanalítica.<br />
Meu próprio artigo não é senão uma síntese de meu primeiro projeto de mestrado. &#8220;O impasse da moral na ontologia fenomenológica de Sartre&#8221; pretende mostrar como a filosofia de Sartre não pode fundamentar uma moral tradicional, isto é, uma moral com exigência de universalidade dos critérios morais. Acompanhando as reflexões do falecido professor Gerd Bornheim, não faço mais do que expor o problema cuja profundidade receio ser desagradavelmente maior do que meu conhecimento de história da filosofia. De qualquer modo, a idéia de que a idéia sartreana de liberdade perturba os alicerces da moralidade não é nenhuma intuição genial de minha parte. Filósofos como o professor Gerd Bornheim e o filósofo e biógrafo de Sartre Bernard-Henri Levy já pontuaram a questão e o professor Francisco Júnior Damasceno Paiva &#8211; mais um dos que engrossa os Cadernos Sartre com um artigo &#8211; me surpreendeu com um artigo que versa sobre praticamente a mesma temática que o meu, ainda que de um ponto de vista um tanto diferente.<br />
Para entrar em contato com o GES da UECE, o e-mail é <a href="sartre@uece.br" target="_blank">sartre@uece.br</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Tête-à-tête - Hazel Rowley]]></title>
<link>http://sensacoesliterarias.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/tete-a-tete-hazel-rowley/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:38:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Marianna</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sensacoesliterarias.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/tete-a-tete-hazel-rowley/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Falo do amor de forma mística, sei o preço. (&#8230;) Sou muito inteligente, muito exigente e]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Falo do amor de forma mística, sei o preço. (&#8230;) Sou muito inteligente, muito exigente e muito engenhosa para alguém ser capaz de se encarregar completamente de mim. Ninguém me conhece nem me ama completamente. Só tenho a mim&#8221; (S. de Beauvoir).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">&#8220;Isso responde à pergunta que a atormentava: meu amor, você não é &#8216;uma coisa em minha vida&#8217; &#8211; nem mesmo a mais importante -, porque minha vida já não me pertence, porque (&#8230;) você é sempre eu&#8221; (Sartre).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Em meio a processos, recursos e exames finais eu tento levar adiante esse meu (pequeno) projeto literário, pelo qual eu sinto muito carinho e levo comigo uma grande culpa pela falta de tempo de concluir as minhas leituras e rechear este <em>blog</em> mais rapidamente.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Hoje eu finalizei a leitura de &#8220;Tête-à-tête&#8221;, livro que mostra, com intimidade, a relação que existiu entre Simone de Beauvoir e Jean-Paul Sartre. Já tinha dito aqui que eu gosto muito de biografias, mas devo dizer que esta foi a que eu mais gostei de ler. Sentia muito por não estar lendo o livro quando estava ocupada com outras questões, até mesmo quando estava dirigindo! rs.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Hazel Rowley demonstrou muito cuidado na sua pesquisa para a confecção do livro: apesar de não ter sido uma das testemunhas oculares da relação Beauvoir-Sartre, ela conseguiu obter todas as informações necessárias para encantar o leitor com o seu livro (apesar de ter ouvido que o texto parecia uma tese de mestrado, eu adorei a forma de escrita dela&#8230;).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">No livro nós podemos perceber a beleza e a lealdade da relação dos dois escritores, tanto entre si como com os outros amores de sua vida, os seus filhos adotivos, as causas que abraçaram &#8211; e ainda ficamos com muita vontade de devorar os livros deles, no meu caso, especialmente, os de Beauvoir.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Apesar de algumas desavenças e outros atritos do chamado &#8220;Grupo Sartreano&#8221; não são páreo para destruir a imagem que eu tinha deles; muito pelo contrário, se solidificou em mim uma representação linda deles dois, da França, dos livros, dos intelectuais, dos movimentos socias que antigamente davam sentido à sociedade.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Bom demais, lindo demais, ótimo!</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://sensacoesliterarias.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/imagem.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-109" title="imagem" src="http://sensacoesliterarias.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/imagem.jpg?w=101" alt="" width="101" height="150" /></a>O livro é encontrado nas livrarias pelo preço médio de R$ 70.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Monday Mobile Moments (11/23/09)]]></title>
<link>http://sometimestheresaman.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/monday-mobile-moments-112309/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 20:34:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>croatoa</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sometimestheresaman.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/monday-mobile-moments-112309/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This was pasted on a locked door of a post office. Someone felt to add to it.]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 471px"><img title="No Exit" src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3164/2537546747_73fa0faa2f_b.jpg" alt="" width="461" height="614" /><p class="wp-caption-text">This was pasted on a locked door of a post office. Someone felt to add to it. </p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Sartre on God and Meaning in Life]]></title>
<link>http://greatcloud.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/sartre-on-god-and-meaning-in-life/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 02:38:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fleance7</dc:creator>
<guid>http://greatcloud.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/sartre-on-god-and-meaning-in-life/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[“The existentialist . . . finds it extremely embarrassing that God does not exist, for there disappe]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>“The existentialist . . . finds it extremely embarrassing that God does not exist, for there disappears with Him all possibility of finding values in an intelligible heaven. There can no longer be any good <em>a priori</em>, since there is no infinite and perfect consciousness to think it. It is nowhere written that “the good” exists, that one must be honest or must not lie, since we are now upon the plane where there are only men. Dostoevsky once wrote: ‘If God did not exist, everything would be permitted’; and that, for existentialism, is the starting point. Everything is indeed permitted if God does not exist, and man is in consequence forlorn, for he cannot find anything to depend upon either within or outside himself. . . . Nor, on the other hand, if God does not exist, are we provided with any values or commands that could legitimise our behaviour. Thus we have neither behind us, nor before us in a luminous realm of values, any means of justification or excuse. – We are left alone, without excuse. That is what I mean when I say that man is condemned to be free.”</p>
<p>Jean Paul Sartre, “<a href="http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/works/exist/sartre.htm">Existentialism Is a Humanism</a>,” 1946</p>
<p><a href="http://greatcloud.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/image4.png"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="image" src="http://greatcloud.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/image_thumb4.png?w=138&#038;h=141" border="0" alt="image" width="138" height="141" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[We can't stop here, this is lobster country!]]></title>
<link>http://totallygonzo.org/2009/11/22/we-cant-stop-here-this-is-lobster-country/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 22 Nov 2009 18:42:34 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Rory</dc:creator>
<guid>http://totallygonzo.org/2009/11/22/we-cant-stop-here-this-is-lobster-country/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This is a strange one folks and I can&#8217;t help but wonder what Jean- Paul Sartre would have thou]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;">This is a strange one folks and I can&#8217;t help but wonder what Jean- Paul Sartre would have thought of <em>Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas</em>. The full story appears over at The Times Online but you can read the bones of it below:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>&#8220;As one of the great European thinkers of the 20th century, Jean-Paul Sartre popularised existentialism, became a working-class hero — and was chased down the Champs Elysées by a pack of imaginary lobsters. </em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>A previously unpublished account of the late French philosopher’s improbable drug-induced crustacean visions has surfaced in New York, where a new book of conversations between Sartre and an old family friend will be published later this month. </em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>John Gerassi, a New York professor of political science whose parents were close friends of Sartre, talked at length to the philosopher in the 1970s about his experiments with mescaline, a powerful hallucinogenic drug derived from a Mexican cactus. </em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Although it has long been known that Sartre experienced visions of lobsters — which he sometimes referred to as crabs — Gerassi’s account offers startling new details of the philosopher’s descent into near-madness as he battled to make sense of what he had come to regard as the intellectual absurdity of his life.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>“Yeah, after I took mescaline I started seeing crabs around me all the time,” he says in Gerassi’s new book, Talking With Sartre. “They followed me in the streets, into class &#8230; I would wake up in the morning and say, ‘Good morning, my little ones, how did you sleep?’ I would say, ‘Okay guys, we’re going into class now . . . ’ and they would be there, around my desk, absolutely still, until the bell rang.”</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Like numerous other free-thinking writers from Aldous Huxley to Hunter S Thompson, Sartre was intrigued by the mind-expanding properties of the peyote cactus. His mescaline experiments started in 1935 and affected his thinking for more than a year.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>They proved a big influence in the writing of his 1938 novel, Nausea — now regarded as a manifesto of existentialism. Shellfish visions also featured in his 1959 play, The Condemned of Altona, in which a race of crabs sits in judgment on humanity.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>In between, Sartre told Gerassi, “I began to think I was going crazy.”</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>He consulted a young psychiatrist named Jacques Lacan — who later became another of France’s foremost intellectuals — and they attributed Sartre’s crab-infested depression to his fear that he was being pigeon-holed as a teacher.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>“That was the worst part, to have to be serious about life,” said Sartre. “The crabs stayed with me until the day I simply decided that they bored me and I wouldn’t pay attention to them.” By then it was the 1940s, France was occupied and Sartre had other things to worry about.&#8221;</em></p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><strong>Read the entire article here</strong>: <a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6926971.ece">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6926971.ece</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[114. Pantheonisierung]]></title>
<link>http://lyrikzeitung.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/114-pantheonisierung/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 22 Nov 2009 15:02:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>lyrikzeitung</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lyrikzeitung.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/114-pantheonisierung/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Der Sohn von Albert Camus möchte nicht, daß sein Vater ins Pantheon kommt. Er fürchtet die politisch]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Der Sohn von Albert Camus möchte nicht, daß sein Vater ins Pantheon kommt. Er fürchtet die politische Vereinnahmung. Die Camus scheuen das sarkozyanische Pantheon wie die Pest. Was für eine Naivität. Man pantheonisiert immer aus schlechten Gründen: die Pantheonisation ist immer Mißbrauch des Genies für die (zeitweiligen) Bedürfnisse der Republik. pardon: des Präsidenten der Republik.  &#8230;</p>
<p>Nie wird man den Marquis de Sade dort erblicken, nie Céline. Man wird weder Rimbaud noch Lautréamont einlassen, und es ist gut, daß Péguy nicht drin ist. Jean Genet kommt nicht hinein. Und wenn Proust hineinkommt, dann aus unguten Gründen. Vielleicht kommt Sartre hinein, denn er tut keinem mehr weh, aber immerhin hat er vielen wehgetan. Doch hat man viel zuviel Angst, daß sich sein Leichnam weigern wird. / Yann Moix, <a href="http://laregledujeu.org/2009/11/21/532/camus-fuit-le-pantheon-comme-la-peste/" target="_blank">La règle du jeu</a> 21.11.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Något inte riktigt viktigt.]]></title>
<link>http://thetalkingwhale.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/nagot-inte-riktigt-viktigt/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 23:38:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>thetalkingwhale</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thetalkingwhale.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/nagot-inte-riktigt-viktigt/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Det finns egentligen ingenting som jag kan skriva som betyder någonting för alla. Samtidigt finns de]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Det finns egentligen ingenting som jag kan skriva som betyder någonting för alla. Samtidigt finns det ingenting jag kan skriva som inte betyder någonting alls för alla. Allting har en viss betydelse, även om den betydelsen kanske för det mesta är försumbar.</p>
<p>Jag önskar att hela världen vore en bättre plats, men även om jag önskar det mest innerligt av alla mina önskningar, vilket alla borde göra, så undrar jag om det skulle göra någon skillnad. Jag har testat. Svaret är Nej. Världen blev inte en bättre plats, men den blev en mindre plats. Och en större plats. Världen formade sig efter mig som om jag vore en sol, som om vi levde i en Jennycentrisk världsbild. Jag var av samma slag, lika likgiltig, men jag såg längre bortom mina tidigare gränser. Jag tryckte samtidigt ner andra i min..jakt på att försöka leva med mig själv. Vi föll alltså allihopa när jag önskade att världen vore en bättre plats.</p>
<p>Jag önskar nu att jag kan leva. Det finns nu ingenting viktigare än att jag kan leva med det liv jag har och de förutsättningar jag haft sedan jag blev mig själv. Även om ingen verkar kunna förstå det, kanske minst av alla jag själv, måste man försöka se att livet är meningslöst men gott nog att bejaka som det är. &#8220;Det är fel att leva i självbedrägeri.&#8221; (<em>Sartre</em>)</p>
<p>Jag undrar om Sartre och Camus gick igenom det här också. Som någon slags avgiftningsperiod för egoister. Jag önskar också lite att jag fick lite mer stycke hjärnceller så att jag kunde planera min utmätta tid bättre. Allting är ju relativt, men man kan alltid hoppas&#8230;att det kanske kommer en förändring.</p>
<p><a href="http://thetalkingwhale.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/klassresa-finnhamn_053-intkon.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-570" title="Minnen är en lyx, ibland önskar att jag kunde unna mig sådant." src="http://thetalkingwhale.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/klassresa-finnhamn_053-intkon.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="382" /></a></p>
<p>Egentligen behöver jag ingen ny iPod, för dessa tre artister och låtar är nästan det enda som behövs. Musiktrio som alltid finns som stöd/fördärv/sanning/klarhet/beslut:</p>
<p>►<strong>KENT</strong> &#8211; <a href="http://open.spotify.com/track/35t9BeQUOB9ij3SdzJFiR6" target="_blank">Beskyddaren</a><br />
►<strong>LARS WINNERBÄCK</strong> &#8211; <a href="http://open.spotify.com/track/4utrfABF1iANt2tsDIKmw4" target="_blank">Tidvis</a><br />
►<strong>REGINA SPEKTOR</strong> &#8211; <a href="http://open.spotify.com/track/2KsAsQ7C3X3WaMsUOhvvE3" target="_blank">Laughing With</a></p>
<p>Om du vill? Ska jag&#8230; jag släpar på ett höghus./Jenny</p>
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<title><![CDATA[[FUMO DI PARIGI]]]></title>
<link>http://blaluca.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/fumo-di-parigi/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 15:59:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>blaluca</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blaluca.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/fumo-di-parigi/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sono un fumatore; senza accanimento ma fumo. Posso anche passare una settimana senza aver voglia di ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;">Sono un fumatore; senza accanimento ma fumo. Posso anche passare una settimana senza aver voglia di accendere una sigaretta come posso fumarne dieci in una sola serata (lunga). Le lotte per i diritti dei fumatori però mi sono sempre sembrate ridicole, imbarazzanti, da perditempo: in poche parole penso che il modo di fumarsi una sigaretta si trovi sempre. Detto ciò quanto sta succedendo in Francia va oltre la contrapposizione fumo o non fumo e questioni derivate. In questo caso c&#8217;entra (anche) il cinema. La legge Évin, adottata oltralpe nel dicembre 1990 durante il secondo Governo Rocard &#8211; quando il Presidente della Repubblica era ancora François Mitterrand -, è stata promulgata nel gennaio 1991 ed è relativa alla lotta contro il tabagismo e l&#8217;alcolismo. Una parte della legge proibisce, tra l&#8217;altro, qualsiasi propaganda o pubblicità diretta o indiretta a favore del tabacco. Beh, la società dei trasporti municipali di Parigi, <a href="http://www.ratp.fr/">RATP</a>, da qualche tempo la sta applicando rigidamente creando così varie polemiche.<br />
Nell&#8217;Aprile 2009 la <a href="http://www.cinematheque.fr/">Cinémathèque Française</a> ha organizzato una mostra dedicata a Jacques Tati (1907 &#8211; 1982) e sui manifesti promozionali campeggiava un&#8217;immagine del regista e attore francese a passeggio in bicicletta mentre trasportava sul sellino un bambino; Tati in quell&#8217;immagine culto tratta dal film <em>Mio zio</em> (1958) fuma la pipa. La RATP, a differenza di riviste, muri, musei e bar parigini, ha censurato proprio quella pipa sostituendola, sui manifesti affissi sui bus e nella zona della Metropolitana, con una girandola gialla. Un precedente simile di applicazione rigorosa della legge Évin risaliva al 2005 quando la <a href="http://www.bnf.fr/">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> aveva tolto la cicca dalla mano di Jean-Paul Sartre su una foto utilizzata per la copertina del catalogo di una mostra; ma il caso, forse per la minore rilevanza popolare dell&#8217;evento, era passato più in sordina.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_1510" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 672px"><a href="http://blaluca.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/jacques-tati-prima-e-dopo-la-censura.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1510" title="Jacques tati prima e dopo la censura" src="http://blaluca.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/jacques-tati-prima-e-dopo-la-censura.jpg" alt="Particolare del poster dell'esposizione dedicata a Jacques Tati prima e dopo la cura RATP" width="662" height="336" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Particolare del poster dell&#39;esposizione dedicata a Jacques Tati; prima e dopo la cura RATP</p></div>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;">Passati pochi giorni dall’«Affaire Tati» sorte simile per il poster di <em>Coco avant Chanel &#8211; L&#8217;amore prima del mito</em>, film della passata stagione con Audrey Tautou e dedicato alla storia della creatrice di moda Gabrielle &#8220;Coco&#8221; Chanel. RATP non ne ha voluto sapere; poster rifiutato.<br />
Ora, notizia di ieri, è toccato anche a un altro mito francese, Serge Gainsbourg: nonostante Joann Sfar, regista del film <em>Gainsbourg, vie héroïque</em>, e la distribuzione Universal abbiano deciso di non far figurare nel poster una sigaretta ma solo una nuvoletta di fumo che esce dalla bocca del protagonista dell&#8217;opera, niente da fare, RATP continua, solitaria, a non voler diffondere l&#8217;immagine sui mezzi pubblici e nelle aree di sua responsabilità.<br />
Gli intellettuali e gli addetti alla cultura francese parlano di integralismo della RATP; tra questi Costa-Gravas, attuale presidente della Cinémathèque Française, definisce l&#8217;atteggiamento inaccettabile. La società dei trasporti dal suo canto ha dichiarato di voler prevenire eventuali azioni legali di associazioni di diritti di non fumatori. Questo nonostante l&#8217;<a href="http://www.arpp-pub.org/">ARPP, Autorité de Régulation Professionnelle de la Publicité</a>, nel maggio scorso abbia dichiarato che dei prodotti legati al tabacco possano figurare sulle pubblicità sottostando ad alcune condizioni tra cui la &#8220;finalità culturale o artistica&#8221;. In Francia il dibattito è aperto. In questo caso so da ora che sia nelle serate lunghe in cui mi ammazzo di sigarette sia nelle settimane di astinenza penserò che chi si oppone alla RATP stia sostenendo una lotta sacrosanta. Perché qui si tratta di censura e non di lotta al tabagismo.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;"> </span></p>
<div id="attachment_1511" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 710px"><a href="http://blaluca.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/coco-chanel-poster-e-gainsbourg-poster.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1511" title="Coco Chanel poster e Gainsbourg poster" src="http://blaluca.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/coco-chanel-poster-e-gainsbourg-poster.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="464" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">I due poster rifiutati da RATP</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[PORTE CHIUSE di Jean Paul Sartre]]></title>
<link>http://samgha.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/porte-chiuse-di-jean-paul-sartre/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 07:00:48 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>samgha</dc:creator>
<guid>http://samgha.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/porte-chiuse-di-jean-paul-sartre/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[di Ivano Mugnaini   “Sono morto troppo presto. Non mi è stato concesso il tempo per compiere i miei ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://samgha.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/porte-chiuse.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-373" title="porte chiuse" src="http://samgha.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/porte-chiuse.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="182" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">di<strong><em> </em>Ivano Mugnaini</strong></p>
<p><strong><br />
</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong><br />
“Sono morto troppo presto. Non mi è stato concesso il tempo per compiere i <em>miei </em>atti”. Questa affermazione di Garcin, uno dei protagonisti di <em>Porte Chiuse</em>, pièce in un solo atto (come è giusto e opportuno che sia, visto il tema), racchiude in sé la polpa amara del dramma, ma anche, a suo modo, una materia sarcasticamente molle, come una sorta di chewing-gum masticabile in eterno. L’idea di base architettata da Sartre è semplice e spiazzante: la scena si svolge in un moderno quanto squallido hotel. Non si tarda a intuire che in realtà si tratta della rappresentazione, anzi della sostanza resa visibile e ironicamente abitabile, del più antico e tenace degli incubi: l’Inferno. Senza effetti speciali di fuoco e fiamme e diavoli più o meno danteschi con tanto di forcone e bava alla bocca. Piuttosto un Inferno in versione ergonomica, quasi sobrio, tanto più terribile quanto più credibile, vicino sia dal punto di vista dello spazio che del tempo ai nostri moderni palazzotti superaffollati.<br />
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I personaggi ci sono presentati da un cameriere acuto e disincantato, tendente ad un umorismo asprigno. Ci fa fare conoscenza con il già citato Joseph Garcin, giornalista e uomo di lettere di Rio, e con due donne, Estelle Rigault, “donna di mondo” parigina, e Inès Serrano, un’impiegata delle Poste. Tre “poveri diavoli”, in apparenza, che appaiono lì per caso. In realtà, riflettendo un po’, emerge il loro potere di rappresentare, quasi loro malgrado, e forse anche nostro malgrado, l’umanità moderna. C’è la componente intellettuale e quella pratica, l’integrato e l’eversivo, il sognatore e il ragionatore, il cinico e l’idealista. Un po’ del tutto e un po’ del niente che costituisce la base delle infinite potenzialità della vita: le scelte, quelle che fanno la differenza. Alla fine. E appunto, proprio alla fine si trovano i personaggi del dramma. Con divertita e cruda naturalezza veniamo informati che i nostri eroi sono in realtà dei morti. Il loro destino è quello di subire ora un supplizio adeguato. A questo punto, ed è questo uno dei punti cardini della pièce, tenersi addosso le maschere (comiche o tragiche, alla Plauto o alla Pirandello) ha davvero poco senso. Conviene giocare, perché pur sempre di gioco continua a trattarsi, a volto scoperto. Ciascuno mette a nudo se stesso e i propri crimini. Ognuno cerca nella propria sincerità un ponte, qualcosa che sia finalmente in grado di superare le barriere e i fossati, facendolo sentire simile, affine agli altri. Fosse pure nel dolore di una colpa condivisa. L’urlo della coscienza prelude al gesto di tendere le mani per cercare ed offrire un aiuto. Ma il responso di Sartre, prima ancora che quello dei guardiani dell’Hotel-Inferno, è perentorio e impietoso: non c’è possibilità di condivisione né di aiuto reciproco. Anzi, la pena vera, reale, ostinata, nell’Inferno concreto e in quello immaginario, non è negli strumenti di tortura, nei forconi e nei pali incandescenti. “L’enfer, c’est les autres”, scrive Sartre. Gli altri, lo sguardo altrui che illumina implacabilmente le nostre più segrete colpe. La sofferenza corporea è poca cosa, tutto sommato, all’interno delle Porte Chiuse di questo lavoro teatrale. Le ferite più acute e profonde sono quelle morali.<br />
Garcin, giornalista idealista, si chiede se la sua condotta di vita è stata quella di un uomo che ha obbedito alle sue idee fino in fondo, o, semplicemente, quella di un inetto che si è lasciato condurre dalla corrente. La risposta a questo enigma non può darsela da solo. Sarebbe vano oltre che intimamente comico. Non può però rivolgersi a Estella, che lo ama e sarebbe pronta a dargli ragione sempre e comunque, pur di compiacerlo. Chiedere a Estella sarebbe ancora una volta come chiederlo al proprio sé, alla vanità, alla paura, alla menzogna. Non resta che Inès, quindi, molto più lucida e dura. Inès però non può che giocare il ruolo dell’aguzzina. Pur essendo lei stessa colpevole, non ha scelta. La sua sola libertà è quella di contrastare ininterrottamente Garcin, incitandolo a provare a convincerla, a mostrarle che è ed è stato un uomo giusto. Il forcone rovente di Inès sono le parole. La ragione che conficca battuta dopo battuta nel petto di Garcin, e, di ritorno, volta per volta, nel proprio.<br />
Ciascuno interpreta il proprio ruolo. La libertà sognata, il sollievo della confessione, la pace anelata, nascono e muoiono costantemente gli uni negli altri, così come i personaggi si danno reciprocamente vita e morte. Scoprono di aver senso, con la più aspra e paradossale ironia, solo nella convivenza, perfino post mortem. Nell’atto stesso della distruzione, dell’assillo senza tregua. Ciò che dà senso alla vita, e alla libertà, è la condivisione, necessaria e forzata, secondo Sartre. Ciò che dà senso alla libertà, in sostanza, è ciò che la toglie.<br />
Non è una caso forse che nel momento del “colpo di scena”, il solo di una pièce filosofica e meditativa, quello in cui Garcin prova a bussare alla porta del salone e, contro ogni attesa, la vede spalancarsi, accade un fatto del tutto strano: Garcin si trova ad avere via libera, la strada sgombra verso la fuga, la solitudine. Potrebbe darsi alla macchia, libero, incondizionato. Ma si blocca. Resta fermo, impietrito. Bloccato dal terrore come davanti ad un baratro. I tre dannati si ritrovano fatalmente riuniti. Inseparabili, per sempre.<br />
Risuona, agra e tagliente, la frase di Inès: “Si muore sempre troppo presto o troppo tardi. E nonostante ciò la vita è là, conclusa. Il dado è tratto. Bisogna fare le somme. Non si possiede altro che la propria vita”. Già, certo. Ma questa saggezza ineludibile non ha salvato né lei, né il suo paradossale alter ego, Estelle, né, meno che mai, Garcin. Anche di fronte alla via di fuga potenziale, le loro porte sono rimaste chiuse. La sola scelta reale è stata la mancanza di scelta.<br />
Di fronte al meccanismo sottile e stritolante del dramma che ci propone Sartre, il lettore è posto con lucida nitidezza davanti ad un muro. Si prende atto della sua geometrica solidità e consistenza. Il passo ulteriore, istintivo, è quello di cercare un varco. Di qualunque natura, senza badare troppo per il sottile. Può andare bene anche una grata traballante di speranza e banalità: dirsi che, per scoprire che non si è altro che le proprie scelte e le proprie azioni, ciò che si fa, si dice, si pensa e si sente, è bene giocare il più possibile d’anticipo. Prima di arrivare nel parcheggio del fatidico Hotel, prezzi modici e trattamento di mezza pensione. Prima che ci venga ad accogliere all’ingresso qualche cameriere solerte. Tanto spiritoso quanto esoso. Presente e incalzante per l’eternità.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[El entorno de Robert Doisneau]]></title>
<link>http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/el-entorno-de-robert-doisneau/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:45:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>París desde el objetivo de Robert Doisneau</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/el-entorno-de-robert-doisneau/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[André Vigneau ANDRÉ VIGNEAU: (1892-1968) Fotógrafo, pintor, escultor y cineasta francés. Artista sur]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://ethnologie.chaire.ulaval.ca/sons/Andre%20%20Vigneau.mp3"></a></p>
<div id="attachment_59" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://ethnologie.chaire.ulaval.ca/sons/Andre%20%20Vigneau.mp3"><img class="size-medium wp-image-59 " title="André Vigneau" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/andre-vigneau.jpeg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">André Vigneau</p></div>
<p><a href="http://www.portaleureka.com/content/view/354/47/lang,es/">ANDRÉ VIGNEAU</a>: (1892-1968)</p>
<p>Fotógrafo, pintor, escultor y cineasta francés. Artista surrealista, además de uno de los exponentes de vanguardia. Contrató en su estudio de diseño , durante los años 30, a Robert Doisneau como ayudante.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nrGKWMaX-4"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nrGKWMaX-4"></a></p>
<div class="mceTemp"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nrGKWMaX-4"></a>
<dl class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nrGKWMaX-4"></a>
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nrGKWMaX-4"><img class="size-medium wp-image-167 " title="Man Ray" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/man-ray2.jpg?w=203" alt="" width="203" height="300" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Man Ray</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p><a href="http://www.manraytrust.com/">MAN RAY</a>: (1890-1976)</p>
<p>Nació en Philadelphia (EEUU). Fue fotógrafo , pintor, escultor,ilustrator, cineasta y filósofo. Además  de ser uno más de los representantes del Dadaísmo y el Surrealismo. Fue una persona clave y muy influyente en la fotografía de Robert Doisneau.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZnkNglLjlU"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZnkNglLjlU"></a></p>
<div class="mceTemp"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZnkNglLjlU"></a>
<p>&#160;</p>
<dl class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZnkNglLjlU"></a>
<p>&#160;</p>
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZnkNglLjlU"><img class="size-medium wp-image-163 " title="Robert Capa" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/robert-capa1.jpg?w=272" alt="" width="272" height="300" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd">Robert Capa</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p><a href="http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/capa.htm">ROBERT CAPA</a>: (1913-1954)</p>
<p>Fotógrafo húngaro y corresponsal de guerra. En 1936, junto con su compañera Gerda Taro, inventó la figura de Robert Capa, fascinante periodista estadounidense. Aunque la ficción no tardó en ser descubierta, decidió conservar ese nombre. Murió en Vietnam.</p>
<div id="attachment_62" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 207px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/cartier-bresson.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-62" title="Cartier Bresson" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/cartier-bresson.jpg?w=197" alt="" width="197" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Cartier Bresson</p></div>
<p>CARTIER &#8211; BRESSON: (1908-2004)</p>
<div id="attachment_64" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 309px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/robert-giraud.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-64" title="Robert Giraud" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/robert-giraud.jpg?w=299" alt="" width="299" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Robert Giraud</p></div>
<p>ROBERT GIRAUD: (1921-1997)</p>
<p>JEAN PAUL SARTRE:</p>
<div id="attachment_67" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/albert-camus.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-67" title="Albert Camus" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/albert-camus.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="236" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Albert Camus</p></div>
<p>ALBERT CAMUS: (1913-1960)</p>
<div id="attachment_68" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 241px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/brasai.jpeg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-68" title="Brasaï" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/brasai.jpeg?w=231" alt="" width="231" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Brasaï</p></div>
<p>BRASSAÏ (GYULA HALÀZ): (1899-1984)</p>
<p>IZIS (ISRAEL BIDERMANAS):</p>
<div id="attachment_69" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/willy-ronis.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-69" title="Willy Ronis" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/willy-ronis.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Willy Ronis</p></div>
<p>WILLY RONIS: (1910-2009)</p>
<div id="attachment_70" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 260px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/rene-clair.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-70" title="René Clair" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/rene-clair.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="270" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">René Clair</p></div>
<p>RENÉ CLAIR: (1898-1981)</p>
<p>NICOLE VÉDRÈS:</p>
<div id="attachment_71" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/truffaut.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-71" title="Truffaut" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/truffaut.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="199" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Truffaut</p></div>
<p>TRUFFAUT: (1932-1984)</p>
<div id="attachment_72" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/tavernier.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-72" title="Tavernier" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/tavernier.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="202" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Tavernier</p></div>
<p>TAVERNIER: ()</p>
<div id="attachment_73" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/francoise-bornet.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-73" title="Francoise Bornet" src="http://hiloagujaydedal.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/francoise-bornet.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="201" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Francoise Bornet</p></div>
<p>FRANÇOISE BORNET: ()</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Jean-Paul Sartre and Mescaline]]></title>
<link>http://namhenderson.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/jean-paul-sartre-and-mescaline/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2009 18:38:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>namhenderson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://namhenderson.wordpress.com/2009/11/15/jean-paul-sartre-and-mescaline/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In a conversation in 1971 with John Gerassi, a political science professor at Queens College in New ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span class="italic">In a conversation in 1971 with John Gerassi, a  political science professor  at <a title="More articles about Queens College" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/q/queens_college/index.html?inline=nyt-org">Queens College</a> in New York, <a title="More articles about Jean-Paul Sartre." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/jeanpaul_sartre/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> recalled  an  experience with drugs in 1929  while attending the École Normale Supérieure.</span></p>
<p><em>Sartre: Yeah, after I took mescaline, I started seeing crabs around me all the time. They followed me in the streets, into class. I got used to them. I would wake up in the morning and say, “Good morning, my little ones, how did you sleep?” I would talk to them all the time. I would say, “O.K., guys, we’re going into class now, so we have to be still and quiet,” and they would be there, around my desk, absolutely still, until the bell rang.</em></p>
<p>Via NYT (<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/weekinreview/15grist.html?ref=weekinreview">here</a>)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Iadul din celălalt]]></title>
<link>http://ionetecatalin.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/iadul-din-celalalt-2/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 11:37:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ionetecatalin</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ionetecatalin.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/iadul-din-celalalt-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sartre credea că iadul este celălalt. Prin asta voia să spună, cred, că în celălalt libertatea noast]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Sartre credea că iadul este celălalt. Prin asta voia să spună, cred, că în celălalt libertatea noastră îşi găseşte limita, că ceilalţi, prin simplul fapt că suferă şi ei, la fel ca noi, de păcatul de a exista, se pun în calea devenirii noastre libere. Toată „moralitatea” e, în viziunea asta, un sistem opresiv ce mă mutilează pe mine ca individ, la fel ca şi toate convenţiile sociale etc. Poate Sartre se gîndea la mai mult decît atît, sau la mai puţin, nu ştiu, cînd zicea că iadul este celălalt.</p>
<p>Eu nu cred că iadul este celălalt, dar cred noi ne dorim ca celălalt să fie iadul. De fiecare dată cînd cineva zice „Du-te dracu!”, mai în glumă sau mai în serios, îşi exprima dorinţa de a-l trimite pe celălat în iad, nu-i aşa? Sau, în orice caz, în altă dimensiune, să respire alt aer, să nu mai ocupe acelaşi spaţiu în care sîntem nevoiţi să ne ciocnim unii de alţii. Dar ce voiam să spun prin faptul că noi <strong>ne dorim</strong> ca celălat să <strong>fie</strong> iadul, e altceva. Se întîmplă frecvent ca cei din jurul nostru să facă lucruri urîte. Cînd cel care face lucruri urîte e o persoană care ne e cu totul indiferentă sau pe care nu putem să o înghiţim, chestiile urîte pe care le face respectivul ne procură un sentiment oarecum vecin cu fericirea. O fericire josnică, întemeiată pe sentimentul de high pe care ni-l procurăm din înjosirea altcuiva. Nimeni nu e cruţat de fericirea asta, nici chiar cele mai înalte spirite. Dar chiar şi atunci cînd o persoană apropiată, iubită sau frate, tată sau prieten, face chestii urîte, încercăm un sentiment asemănător în esenţa lui. Această esenţă nu e fericirea, ci simpla bucurie a răului. Poate sîntem dezamăgiţi, răniţi, indignaţi de chestia urîtă, care poate să fie mică sau mare, nu contează atît de mult asta. Poate plîngem, poate ne vine să ne spargem capul de pereţi  ca un drogat în sevraj, să ne zgîriem pielea. Dar cu toate astea, aproape de fiecare dată, undeva acolo în abisurile fiinţei noastre, zace bucuria răului, bucuria că prin chestia urîtă pe care fiinţa dragă a făcut-o, respectivul ne-a dat cumva dreptul să nu-l mai tratăm ca pe o fiinţă umană, să ni-l închipuim ca pe o entitate rea în mod radical şi de care nu mai vrem să auzim niciodată.</p>
<p>Gîndurile astea sînt bazate pe observarea modului în care eu îi tratez pe ceilalţi şi în care ei mă tratează ei pe mine. Am observat toate astea cu ochiul meu de vultur, de la o înălţime la care ştiu că pot ajunge. Dar să nu mai continui, că încep să semăn cu Nietzsche.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Iadul din celălalt]]></title>
<link>http://ionetecatalin.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/iadul-din-celalalt/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 11:34:13 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ionetecatalin</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ionetecatalin.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/iadul-din-celalalt/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sartre credea că iadul este celălalt. Prin asta voia să spună, cred, că în celălalt libertatea noast]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Sartre credea că iadul este celălalt. Prin asta voia să spună, cred, că în celălalt libertatea noastră îşi găseşte limita, că ceilalţi, prin simplul fapt că suferă şi ei, la fel ca noi, de păcatul de a exista, se pun în calea devenirii noastre libere. Toată „moralitatea” e, în viziunea asta, un sistem opresiv ce mă mutilează pe mine ca individ, la fel ca şi toate convenţiile sociale etc. Poate Sartre se gîndea la mai mult decît atît, sau la mai puţin, nu ştiu, cînd zicea că iadul este celălalt.</p>
<p>Eu nu cred că iadul este celălalt, dar cred noi ne dorim ca celălalt să fie iadul. De fiecare dată cînd cineva zice „Du-te dracu!”, mai în glumă sau mai în serios, îşi exprima dorinţa de a-l trimite pe celălat în iad, nu-i aşa? Sau, în orice caz, în altă dimensiune, să respire alt aer, să nu mai ocupe acelaşi spaţiu în care sîntem nevoiţi să ne ciocnim unii de alţii. Dar ce voiam să spun prin faptul că noi <strong>ne dorim</strong> ca celălat să <strong>fie</strong> iadul, e altceva. Se întîmplă frecvent ca cei din jurul nostru să facă lucruri urîte. Cînd cel care face lucruri urîte e o persoană care ne e cu totul indiferentă sau pe care nu putem să o înghiţim, chestiile urîte pe care le face respectivul ne procură un sentiment oarecum vecin cu fericirea. O fericire josnică, întemeiată pe sentimentul de high pe care ni-l procurăm din înjosirea altcuiva. Nimeni nu e cruţat de fericirea asta, nici chiar cele mai înalte spirite. Dar chiar şi atunci cînd o persoană apropiată, iubită sau frate, tată sau prieten, face chestii urîte, încercăm un sentiment asemănător în esenţa lui. Această esenţă nu e fericirea, ci simpla bucurie a răului. Poate sîntem dezamăgiţi, răniţi, indignaţi de chestia urîtă, care poate să fie mică sau mare, nu contează atît de mult asta. Poate plîngem, poate ne vine să ne spargem capul de pereţi  ca un drogat în sevraj, să ne zgîriem pielea. Dar cu toate astea, aproape de fiecare dată, undeva acolo în abisurile fiinţei noastre, zace bucuria răului, bucuria că prin chestia urîtă pe care fiinţa dragă a făcut-o, respectivul ne-a dat cumva dreptul să nu-l mai tratăm ca pe o fiinţă umană, să ni-l închipuim ca pe o entitate rea în mod radical şi de care nu mai vrem să auzim niciodată.</p>
<p>Gîndurile astea sînt bazate pe observarea modului în care eu îi tratez pe ceilalţi şi în care ei mă tratează ei pe mine. Am observat toate astea cu ochiul meu de vultur, de la o înălţime la care ştiu că pot ajunge. Dar să nu mai continui, că încep să semăn cu Nietzsche.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[O Inferno São os Outros]]></title>
<link>http://meucriadomudo.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/o-inferno-sao-os-outros/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 02:26:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Bruna Pinheiro</dc:creator>
<guid>http://meucriadomudo.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/o-inferno-sao-os-outros/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Essa música simplesmente não para de tocar no meu mp3, no meu celular e principalmente no meu comput]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Essa música simplesmente não para de tocar no meu mp3, no meu celular e principalmente no meu comput]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Valences of the Dialectic - Fredric Jameson]]></title>
<link>http://rikowski.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/valences-of-the-dialectic-fredric-jameson/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 19:13:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>rikowski</dc:creator>
<guid>http://rikowski.wordpress.com/2009/11/11/valences-of-the-dialectic-fredric-jameson/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Porcupine Tree - The Incident VALANCES OF THE DIALECTIC – FREDRIC JAMESON &nbsp; NEW FROM VERSO VALE]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong></p>
<div id="attachment_1624" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 100px"><a href="http://rikowski.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/porcipine-tree-the-incident1.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1624" title="Porcipine Tree - The Incident" src="http://rikowski.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/porcipine-tree-the-incident1.jpg" alt="Porcipine Tree - The Incident" width="90" height="89" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Porcupine Tree - The Incident</p></div>
<p>VALANCES OF THE DIALECTIC – FREDRIC JAMESON</p>
<p></strong></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>NEW FROM VERSO</p>
<p>VALENCES OF THE DIALECTIC</p>
<p>BY FREDRIC JAMESON</p>
<p>After half a century exploring dialectical thought, renowned cultural critic Fredric Jameson presents a comprehensive study of a misunderstood yet vital strain in Western philosophy.</p>
<p>The dialectic, the concept of the evolution of an idea through conflicts arising from its inherent contradictions, transformed two centuries of Western philosophy. To Hegel, who dominated nineteenth-century thought, it was a metaphysical system. In the work of Marx, the dialectic became a tool for materialist historical analysis. More recently, the dialectic has come under attack from poststructuralist thinkers such as Deleuze or Laclau and Mouffe.</p>
<p>Jameson brings a theoretical scrutiny to bear on the questions that have arisen in the history of this philosophical tradition, contextualizing the debate in terms of commodification and globalization, and with reference to thinkers such as Rousseau, Lukács, Heidegger, Sartre, Derrida, and Althusser.</p>
<p>Through rigorous examination, Valences of the Dialectic charts a movement toward the innovation of a &#8220;spatial&#8221; dialectic. Jameson presents a new synthesis of thought that revitalizes dialectical thinking for the twenty-first century.</p>
<p><a title="http://www.amazon.com/Valences-Dialectic-Fredric-Jameson/dp/185984877X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257803840&#38;sr=1-1" href="http://www.amazon.com/Valences-Dialectic-Fredric-Jameson/dp/185984877X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257803840&#38;sr=1-1">http://www.amazon.com/Valences-Dialectic-Fredric-Jameson/dp/185984877X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257803840&#38;sr=1-1</a></p>
<p>Hardback • $49.95 • ISBN 978-1-84467-877-7 • 640 pages<br />
November 2009<br />
Available now in good bookstores and online<br />
Distributed by W.W. Norton: tel. 1800 233 4830<br />
Please submit desk copy requests to <a title="mailto:clara@versobooks.com" href="mailto:clara@versobooks.com">clara@versobooks.com</a></p>
<p>&#8220;Fredric Jameson is America&#8217;s leading Marxist critic. A prodigiously energetic thinker whose writings sweep majestically from Sophocles to science fiction &#8230; One of the great writers of our times, not just one of the most formidably gifted critics and cultural theorists&#8221; &#8211; Terry Eagleton<br />
&#8220;Probably the most important cultural critic writing in English today &#8230; It can truly be said that nothing cultural is alien to him.&#8221; &#8211; Colin MacCabe</p>
<p>FREDRIC JAMESON is the Distinguished Professor of Comparative Literature at Duke University. His many books include Postmodernism, Brecht and Method, Late Marxism, The Cultural Turn, A Singular Modernity, The Modernist<br />
Papers, Archaeologies of the Future, and The Ideologies of Theory. He was a recipient of the 2008 Holberg International Memorial Prize.</p>
<p> Links:<br />
   1. <a title="http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1" href="http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1">http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1</a><br />
   2. <a title="http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1" href="http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1">http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1</a><br />
   3. <a title="http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1" href="http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1">http://www.amazon.com/Modernist-Papers-Fredric-Jameson/dp/1844670961/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257800242&#38;sr=1-1</a><br />
   4. <a title="http://www.amazon.com/Archaeologies-Future-Desire-Science-Fictions/dp/1844675386/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257805858&#38;sr=1-2" href="http://www.amazon.com/Archaeologies-Future-Desire-Science-Fictions/dp/1844675386/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257805858&#38;sr=1-2">http://www.amazon.com/Archaeologies-Future-Desire-Science-Fictions/dp/1844675386/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&#38;s=books&#38;qid=1257805858&#38;sr=1-2</a></p>
<p>Posted here by Glenn Rikowski</p>
<p>The Flow of Ideas: <a href="http://www.flowideas.co.uk">http://www.flowideas.co.uk</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Stylish sleeping on the Left Bank]]></title>
<link>http://cheriecity.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/stylish-sleeping-on-the-left-bank/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 11:22:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cheriecity</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cheriecity.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/stylish-sleeping-on-the-left-bank/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The Left Bank is synonymous with literary cafes, the Existential philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and S]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:left;">The Left Bank is synonymous with literary cafes, the Existential philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, <em>bourgeois</em> art galleries and <em>gauche chic</em> designers like Yves Saint Laurent and Sonia Rykiel.  Nowadays, the philosophers may have decamped from the Café de Flore, but there are still plenty of students from the Sorbonne university and academic bookshops to keep up its &#8216;intellectual&#8217; atmosphere.</p>
<p>On one of our many Paris visits last year, <a href="http://countlessformulas.wordpress.com" target="_blank">Steven</a> and I stayed at the <a href="http://www.hotelsorbonne.com/index.html" target="_blank">Hotel Design Sorbonne</a>, which is just a few steps away from the Boulevard Saint Germain, the Pantheon, Luxembourg Gardens, the Seine and of course, the Sorbonne.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">The hotel is tucked away on a peaceful side street and is accessed by a quaint courtyard. The reception/lounge area is a mix of a typical French salon interior and bold, contemporary colours, flock wallpaper and striped velvet seating.  There are a number of coffee table books, magazines and Paris attraction maps, as well as an iMac for web browsing. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;"> <img class="size-full wp-image-458      aligncenter" title="hotel sorbonne lobby" src="http://cheriecity.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/hotel-sorbonne-lobby-2.jpg" alt="hotel sorbonne lobby" width="368" height="523" /></p>
<p>The corridor looks like something surreal from a Jeunet and Caro film, with custers of quirky photographs and lines of poetry emblazoned on the carpet. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-463  aligncenter" title="hotel sorbonne " src="http://cheriecity.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/hotel-sorbonne-5.jpg" alt="hotel sorbonne " width="457" height="324" /></p>
<p>Our room had a dark, romantic atmosphere due to colour scheme of chartreuse, silver and black &#8211; even curtains and doors were black!  The bed was extremely comfy, with fluffy pillows, crisp cotton linen and a throw in complementing colours.</p>
<p>The bathroom had beautiful dusky brown and gold flock tiles but was pretty tiny, although I&#8217;ve heard that they have rooms with larger ones if you&#8217;re staying for longer and need more space.</p>
<p>Like most forward-thinking hotel, they have installed an Apple iMac in each room, so you can access the web and watch TV and DVDs without hassle.  It seems that hotels now want to give guests a more homely experience, rather than leaving us detached from the world, charging guests 10 Euros a day for using wifi. It also eases them off unnecessary concierge duties!</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"> <img class="size-full wp-image-460    aligncenter" title="hotel sorbonne" src="http://cheriecity.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/hotel-sorbonn-6-2.jpg" alt="hotel sorbonne" width="500" height="284" /></p>
<p>We ate breakfast outside and tried out the bakeries around the rue de Buci for a croissant and café crème, although the breakfast room at the hotel looked delicious.  </p>
<p>One thing that impressed me most about the hotel is that they have since kept in touch by email and regularly report on their fabulous meanderings around the city on their <a href="http://www.hotels-paris-rive-gauche.com/blog/" target="_blank">Paris newsblog</a>.  I had serious food envy over their <a href="http://www.hotels-paris-rive-gauche.com/blog/2009/08/27/mille-feuille-pierre-herme-paris-limited-edition/" target="_blank">tasting session of </a><em><a href="http://www.hotels-paris-rive-gauche.com/blog/2009/08/27/mille-feuille-pierre-herme-paris-limited-edition/" target="_blank">mille-feuilles</a></em> by legendary Paris <em>pâtissier</em>, Pierre Hermé and am planning to eat at <a href="http://www.hotels-paris-rive-gauche.com/blog/2009/07/19/restaurant-la-bouche-menilmontant-paris/" target="_blank">La Bouche</a>, a laid-back restaurant with innovative cuisine in Ménilmontant, which they visited and recommended.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-466  aligncenter" title="hotel sorbonne breakfast" src="http://cheriecity.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/hotel-sorbonne-breakfast.jpg" alt="hotel sorbonne breakfast" width="417" height="409" /></p>
<p>Hotel Design Sorbonne is part of the <a href="http://www.hotels-paris-rive-gauche.com" target="_blank">Hôtels de Paris Rive Gauche</a> group, that runs three other boutique hotels on the Left Bank, with the hotly anticipated BJ luxury design hotel (formerly the Hotel Ferrandi) opening next Autumn.  If you want a &#8216;home away from home&#8217; or a more private stay, they also have a designer studio in the Marais, a <em>bijou</em> apartment by the Canal Saint Martin for up to four people and a luxury apartment in the Mouffetard area.</p>
<p>Hotel Design Sorbonne is the perfect base for Paris newbies, as it is within walking distance of the chic designer shops on the Boulvard Saint Germain, the buzzy Latin Quarter, the markets on Rue Mouffetard and of course, the Seine.  The hotel is quiet at night due to its side street position, so if it&#8217;s all about getting up and out  in the morning, you&#8217;re pretty much guaranteed a good night&#8217;s sleep.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/hotels-paris-rive-gauche/sets/" target="_blank">Photo Credit</a></p>
<p>Rates range from 100 &#8211; 350 Euros per night and a continental buffet breakfast is 12 Euros.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.hotelsorbonne.com/index.html" target="_blank">Hotel Design Sorbonne</a>, 6,  rue Victor Cousin, 75005 Paris. £</p>
<p>Metro: Line 10 : Cardinal Lemoine, Cluny Sorbonne. RER B : Luxembourg.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Philosophy Word of the Day &ndash; Abandonment]]></title>
<link>http://greatcloud.wordpress.com/2009/11/08/philosophy-word-of-the-day-abandonment/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 04:38:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fleance7</dc:creator>
<guid>http://greatcloud.wordpress.com/2009/11/08/philosophy-word-of-the-day-abandonment/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[aldous huxley via last.fm In the ethical thought of such existentialist writers as Sartre and Heideg]]></description>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://www.last.fm/music/aldous%2Bhuxley"><img title="aldous huxley" src="http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/126/3906822.jpg" alt="aldous huxley" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd zemanta-img-attribution"><a href="http://www.last.fm/music/aldous%2Bhuxley">aldous huxley</a> via <a href="http://www.lastfm.com">last.fm</a></dd>
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<blockquote><p>In the ethical thought of such <a href="http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/e9.htm#exism">existentialist</a> writers as <a href="http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/sart.htm"><em>Sartre</em></a> and <a href="http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/heid.htm"><em>Heidegger</em></a>, abandonment is the awareness that there are no external sources of moral authority. No deity, for example, provides us with guidance or direction; we achieve an <a href="http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/a9.htm#auty">authentic</a> life by depending only on ourselves.</p></blockquote>
<p>(Via <a href="http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/a.htm#a-p">Philosophical Dictionary</a>)</p>
<p><strong>One inevitable consequence of this approach to morality is well described by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, author of <em>Brave New World</em>.</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>For myself as, no doubt, for most of my contemporaries, the philosophy of meaninglessness was essentially an instrument of liberation.  The liberation we desired was simultaneously liberation from a certain political and economic system and liberation from a certain system of morality.  We objected to the morality because it interfered with our sexual freedom.</p></blockquote>
<p>Aldous Huxley, <em>Ends and Means: An Inquiry into the Nature of Ideals and into the Methods Employed for Their Realization</em> (New York: Harper &#38; Bros., 1937), 316.</p>
<p><strong>It turns out to be convenient in many cases that life has no ultimate meaning:  It’s the ideal excuse to fashion a morality that suits one’s individual whims.  Objective meaning and purpose can prevent one from doing things one is inclined to do.  As a result, such things are ignored, attacked, or reinterpreted.  But they never quite go away. </strong></p>
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