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	<title>juul &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/juul/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "juul"</description>
	<pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2009 23:49:20 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Nå er det Juul igjen]]></title>
<link>http://bergesen.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/na-er-det-juul-igjen/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2009 07:35:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Eirik Bergesen</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bergesen.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/na-er-det-juul-igjen/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ikke akkurat Cuba-krisen, men oppsiktsvekkende på en ellers søvndyssende arena. Norge og FN driver i]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>Ikke akkurat Cuba-krisen, men oppsiktsvekkende på en ellers søvndyssende arena. Norge og FN driver ikke-gjensidig, eskalerende taktikkeri i forkant av planlagt Ban ki-Moon-besøk: </strong><a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/article3231694.ece"><strong>http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/article3231694.ece</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p>
<p>Det skjer tilsynelatede på et prosessuelt nivå: Støre ønsker på nytt velkommen, Ban ki-Moons folk svarer ikke. FN har enda ikke å bekrefte besøket.</p>
<p>Et avlyst besøk ville være oppsiktsvekkende. Norge er så sentral som premissleverandør for FN, både politisk og økonomisk, at et slik avslag skal begrunnes med en elevert krise for ikke å slå tilbake på generalsekretæren selv. Han risikerer med rette å mistenkes for forfengelighet.</p>
<p>Men det er all grunn til å tro at han kommer, smiler, avviser blidt og overbærende personlige spørsmål &#8211; og fokuserer på politikk. Så vil alt dette være over. Det som forhåpentlig vil være innledet er Norge i frontlinjen på såkalt FN-reform (intern omorganisering i håp om mer politisk effektivitet) som oppreist, artikulert og aldri så lite plagsom. </p>
<p>Obamas stabsjef Rahm Emmanuel beskriver det slik &#8221;Ingen grunn til å kaste bort en god krise&#8221;. Skaden er allerede skjedd. Ban ki-Moon vet nå at Norge er rastløse og at de vurderer hans personlige lederstil som en del av problemet. Det fremste i et meget godt notat var at Juul linket beskrivelsene av generalsekretærens lederstil til politiske prosesser. Dette bør ikke være et smilende &#8220;ser fram til fortsatt godt samarbeid&#8221;-møte.</p>
<p>Møtet bør ta tak i FN-reform på en offensiv måte. Det viste Mona Juuls notat at Norge gjør. I interne UD-dokumenter. Den stemmen som forhåpentlig sier noe liknende i FNs korridorer kan nå nærme seg mikrofonstativene. Forventningene er ikke møtt. Tiden er inne til å trappe opp innsatsen. </p>
<p>På pressekonferansen etterpå bør Ban ki-Moon forventes å redegjøre for hva som kan gjøres annerledes for å møte disse forventningene. For Norge er ikke alene om dem. Men vi er nå inntil videre bjellesauen i FN-bygningen på dette feltet.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Skiter i spelet!!]]></title>
<link>http://bennyblixtarkiv.wordpress.com/2009/05/10/skiter-i-spelet/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2009 15:57:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Benny Blixt</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bennyblixtarkiv.wordpress.com/2009/05/10/skiter-i-spelet/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Jag började nyligen läsa &#8220;Spelet &#8211; En inträngande analys av raggningsexperternas hemliga]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Jag började nyligen läsa <em>&#8220;Spelet &#8211; En inträngande analys av raggningsexperternas hemliga sällskap&#8221;</em> &#8211; av Neil Strauss. Boken är avsedd att antingen läsas som en handbok i raggningsteknik eller som en provocerande berättelse om personförvandling.</p>
<p>Nu ger jag dock upp boken. Tyvärr, det var inget för mig. Den ger mig ingen som helst behållning vare sig som guide för att lyckas ragga eller som berättelse alls. Raggningsteknikerna är så raffinerade och ger resultat som inte är av min värld. Jag fick för mig att boken kanske skulle presentera och utveckla just spelet mellan könen men, även om det tas upp, så kan jag nog bara konstatera att kvinnorna (brudarna, pöken) i boken enbart figurerar som objekt. Objekt som skall erövras. Själv är jag ju ute efter lite mer substans och skulle jag försöka teknikerna som presenteras i boken skulle det krävas så mycket alkohol att det ändå inte skulle skörda framgång.</p>
<p>Nu läser jag istället &#8220;<em>Livet i familjen &#8211; om det viktiga samspelet&#8221; </em>- av Jesper Juul. Handlar om familjen och mycket om tonåringar och vuxet ledarskap. Känner att det är lite närmre för tillfället.</p>
<p>Läs även andra bloggares åsikter om <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/litteratur">litteratur</a>, <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/pocket">pocket</a>, <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/spelet">spelet</a>, <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/neil+strauss">neil strauss</a>, <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/jesper+juul">jesper juul</a>, <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/livet">livet</a>, <a rel="tag" href="http://bloggar.se/om/familjen">familjen</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Riktning i barnuppfostran]]></title>
<link>http://matrix.drakengren.com/2009/01/06/riktning-i-barnuppfostran/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2009 13:01:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Thomas Drakengren</dc:creator>
<guid>http://matrix.drakengren.com/2009/01/06/riktning-i-barnuppfostran/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Något som kan vara svårt när man lotsar barn mot vuxenlivet är att bedöma var man är, och vart man v]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Något som kan vara svårt när man <a href="http://www.bokus.com/b/9789113016252.html">lotsar</a> barn mot vuxenlivet är att bedöma var man är, och vart man vill. Så är det förstås överallt annars i livet, men särskilt brännande blir det, tycker jag, när jag funderar över vilket stöd jag behöver ge till barnen för att bli vuxna, vid vilket tillfälle de är mogna för vilka insikter eller vilket ansvar, och så vidare.</p>
<p>Här finns inga patentsvar, förstås. Det gäller att vara medveten, öppen, lyssna, hjälpa barnen att upprätta gränser och förstå andras gränser (<a href="http://www.bokus.com/b/9789146214298.html?pt=search_result">som Jesper Juul förespråkar</a>), och att vara modig och stå för det man tycker är rätt, utan att för den skull vara dogmatisk och kompromisslös. Och ödmjuk inför både barnet och sig själv. Först när man inser att detta är omöjligt, är man på rätt spår. <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Men åter till att bedöma nuläge och riktning i barnuppfostran. En tanke som slog mig häromdagen är att den mall barn har för hur nära relationer skall se ut främst är den de har hemma, med sina syskon och föräldrar. Och att detta förstås innebär att barnets sätt att förhålla sig till sina närmaste i familjen är ungefär samma sätt som barnet förhåller sig till en nära vän, och senare, när barnet är vuxet, kommer han eller hon att förhålla sig till en partner på ett relationellt sätt ungefär som barnet lärde sig hemma i familjen.</p>
<p>Detta är förstås en grov förenkling; när barnet blir tonåring och kanske gör revolt mot föräldrarna, betyder detta förstås inte att barnet gör revolt även mot sina kompisar. Men det emotionella spelet inom familjen kommer ändå att vara grunden för interaktionen med andra människor.</p>
<p>Det lilla roliga tankeexperimentet jag gjorde för mig själv häromdagen var att prova att bedöma hur långt ett barn kommit på vägen mot att kunna ha en ömsesidig jämlik relation med andra vuxna (ja, det är förstås inte så att alla vuxna kan det, heller), genom att föreställa mig hur barnets beteende gentemot mig idag kan översättas till hur en vuxen som skulle ha stannat i utvecklingen i motsvarande stadium (tyvärr finns också sådana, men det är en annan fråga) skulle relatera till andra vuxna. Och på så sätt kan jag få en känsla för vad som är kvar i fråga om insikter och uppfostran för det lilla barnet. Mycket av vad som är kvar kommer förstås automatiskt i form av normala utvecklingssteg, men man behöver förstås också som vuxen lotsa barnet i rätt riktning.</p>
<p>Som ett exempel kan vi ta när den lille killen säger &#8220;pappa, du är dum!&#8221; och springer in på sitt rum och absolut inte vill prata. Hos en vuxen blir det ju ett trist beteende, där problem i relationen blir olösbara när det inte går att prata om dem. Men ett barn kan man lotsa rätt genom att inte skambelägga ett sådant beteende, utan att man tar emot barnet med glädje efteråt, och försiktigt försöker närma sig det konflikten handlar om, för att barnet nästa gång inte skall bli helt överväldigad av sina känslor, utan kan känna en trygghet i att vara omtyckt trots att han blir arg.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[My blog started!]]></title>
<link>http://juulartofglass.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/my-blog-started/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2008 13:21:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Juul Vernooij</dc:creator>
<guid>http://juulartofglass.wordpress.com/2008/11/11/my-blog-started/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://juulartofglass.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/img_1786.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4" title="Glasswork May 2008" src="http://juulartofglass.wordpress.com/files/2008/11/img_1786.jpg" alt="Glasswork May 2008" width="460" height="345" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Primer día de cole]]></title>
<link>http://maxylola.wordpress.com/2008/10/07/primer-dia-de-cole/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 10:10:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>maxylola</dc:creator>
<guid>http://maxylola.wordpress.com/2008/10/07/primer-dia-de-cole/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Así ha acabado Félix su primer día de cole: agotado, pero feliz. ¡Tenía tantas ganas de ir! Max y yo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://maxylola.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/07cole.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-473" title="Primer dia de cole" src="http://maxylola.wordpress.com/files/2008/10/07cole.jpg" alt="" width="468" height="351" /></a></p>
<p>Así ha acabado Félix su primer día de cole: agotado, pero feliz.</p>
<p>¡Tenía tantas ganas de ir! Max y yo teníamos claro que no le llevaríamos al cole hasta que él lo pidiese y deseábamos interiormente que ese momento llegase mucho más tarde. Soñábamos para él una educación en casa hasta los seis o siete años, al estilo de Finlandia. Los fineses empiezan tarde la escuela, según la teoría de que el juego libre es el mejor campo de aprendizaje, y sus niños ocupan el puesto número 1 en el ranking del <a title="Informe PISA" href="http://www.pisa.oecd.org/document/2/0,3343,en_32252351_32236191_39718850_1_1_1_1,00.html" target="_blank">Informe PISA</a>, el estudio basado en pruebas realizadas en 57 países a más de 400.000 alumnos que se ha convertido en el punto de referencia para las comparaciones internacionales en materia de calidad de enseñanza.</p>
<p>Pero cual fue nuestra sorpresa cuando, hace poco, Félix nos empezó a decir con insistencia que quería ir al cole. &#8220;¿Por qué, cariño? Podemos ir al parque, a pasear, a comprar, a visitar a tu amiga Paula&#8230;&#8221;, le pregunté. &#8220;No, quiero ir al cole. A hacer amigos. Muchos amigos&#8221;, me contestó tajante. Entendimos que lo que quería era relacionarse con otros niños, muchos niños, y siempre los mismos. Nos dimos cuenta que, aunque en nuestros paseos por el parque vemos niños, unos días son unos, otros días otros, la mayoría más pequeños que Félix, y que de esta forma no es fácil mantener relaciones estables y de calidad.</p>
<p>Así que nos pusimos a buscar un cole que siguiese una pedagogía basada en el juego y lo encontramos.</p>
<p>En pedagogía, nos gusta:</p>
<ul>
<li>El fomento del aprendizaje activo basado en los descubrimientos individuales de cada niño, según el filósofo francés <a title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" target="_blank">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> (1772-1778). Su libro &#8220;<a title="&#34;Emilio, o de la educación&#34; de Jean-Jacques Rousseau" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788420635040" target="_blank">Emilio, o de la educación</a>&#8221; puso las bases de la pedagogía libre.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>El uso de materiales y ambientes preparados de los trabajos de la doctora <a title="Maria Montessori" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Montessori" target="_blank">Maria Montessori </a>(1870-1952). Tiene varios libros interesantes, pero la mayoría de ellos sólo se encuentran en buenas bibliotecas puesto que están descatalogados. En las librerías únicamente se puede conseguir &#8220;<a title="&#34;El método de la pedagogia cientifica aplicado a la educación de la infancia&#34;, de Maria Montessori" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788497420525" target="_blank">El método de la pedagogía científica aplicado a la educación de la infancia</a>&#8220;.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Las contribuciones al desarrollo natural del pedagogo francés <a title="Célestin Freinet" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_Freinet" target="_blank">Célestin Freinet </a>(1896-1966). Su libro &#8220;<a title="&#34;Técnicas Freinet de la escuela moderna&#34;, de Célestin Freinet" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9789682317965" target="_blank">Técnicas Freinet de la escuela moderna</a>&#8221; es un buen compendio práctico de sus ideas.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Los trabajos del psicólogo suizo <a title="Jean Piaget" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget" target="_blank">Jean Piaget </a>(1896-1980) en cuanto al desarrollo psicológico del niño. Recomiendo especialmente su libro <a title="&#34;El nacimiento de la inteligencia en el niño&#34; de Jean Piaget" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788484328957" target="_blank">&#8220;El nacimiento de la inteligencia en el niño&#8221;</a>.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Los descubrimientos a nivel de desarrollo psicomotriz de la pediatra austriaca <a title="The Pikler Institute" href="http://www.pikler.org/" target="_blank">Emmi Pikler </a>(1902-1984), plasmados en &#8220;<a title="Desarrollo de la motricidad global&#34; de Emmi Pikler" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788427706729" target="_blank">Moverse en libertad: Desarrollo de la motricidad global</a>&#8220;.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Las ideas de aprendizaje activo del arte del pedagogo italiano <a title="Loris Malaguzzi" href="http://www.sarel.es/index.php?id=33" target="_blank">Loris Malaguzzi </a>(1920-1994), recopiladas en &#8220;<a title="&#34;La educación infantil en Reggio Emilia&#34; de Loris Malaguzzi" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788480634984" target="_blank">La educación infantil en Reggio Emilia</a>&#8220;.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Las teorías y estudios del biólogo chileno <a title="Humberto Maturana" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" target="_blank">Humberto Maturana </a>(1928), así como la integración de descubrimientos en neurobiologia sobre gestación y primera infancia. De su obra, destacaría &#8220;<a title="&#34;El árbol del conocimiento. Las bases biológicas del entendimiento humano&#34; de Humberto Maturana" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9789870003588" target="_blank">El árbol del conocimiento. Las bases biológicas del entendimiento humano</a>&#8221; y &#8220;<a title="&#34;Amor y juego. Fundamentos olvidados de lo humano&#34; de Humberto Maturana" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9789567802524" target="_blank">Amor y juego. Fundamentos olvidados de lo humano</a>&#8220;.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Las teorías sobre la competencia de los niños del pedagogo danés <a title="Jesper Juul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesper_Juul_(family_therapist)" target="_blank">Jesper Juul </a>(1948). Merece la pena leer &#8220;<a title="hacia los nuevos valores básicos de la familia&#34; de Jesper Juul" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788425422690" target="_blank">Su hijo, una persona competente: hacia los nuevos valores básicos de la familia</a>&#8220;.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>A nivel internacional, las experiencias prácticas de escuelas libres, activas y no directivas como <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312141378?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=wwwmaxylolaes-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=9325&#38;creativeASIN=0312141378" target="_blank">Summerhill</a>, fundada en Inglaterra en 1927 por el pedagogo escocés <a title="Alexander Sutherland Neill" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Sutherland_Neill" target="_blank">Alexander Sutherland Neill </a>(1883-1973); <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/9993183393?ie=UTF8&#38;tag=wwwmaxylolaes-20&#38;linkCode=as2&#38;camp=1789&#38;creative=9325&#38;creativeASIN=9993183393" target="_blank">Sudbury Valley School</a>, fundada en 1968 en Estados Unidos por el educador norteamericano <a title="Daniel Greenberg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Greenberg" target="_blank">Daniel Greenberg </a>(1934); y la escuela Pestalozzi, fundada en 1977 en Ecuador por los pedagogos alemanes Rebeca y Mauricio Wild. De Rebeca Wild recomiendo todos sus libros, aunque me gusta especialmente &#8220;<a title="&#34;Libertad y limites. Amor y respeto&#34; de Rebeca Wild" href="http://www.casadellibro.com/homeAfiliado?ca=2899&#38;isbn=9788425424854" target="_blank">Libertad y límites. Amor y respeto</a>&#8220;.A nivel estatal, las experiencias prácticas de las numerosas escuelas libres, ya sean públicas o privadas, que existen en la actualidad en nuestro país. Por poner sólo dos ejemplos: de escuelas públicas: la <a title="CEIP Joan Coromines" href="http://escolacoromines.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Joan Coromines </a>de Mataró y <a title="CEIP El Martinet" href="http://amicsmartinet.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">El Martinet </a>de Ripollet.</li>
<p> </p>
<li>Y, claro, aprender mirando a nuestro hijo. No todo está en los libros&#8230;</li>
</ul>
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<title><![CDATA[Ignition Summer Opening 2008]]></title>
<link>http://klasojohan.wordpress.com/2008/05/27/ignition-summer-opening-2008/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2008 18:27:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>klasojohan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://klasojohan.wordpress.com/2008/05/27/ignition-summer-opening-2008/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ignition held their annual grand Summer Opening. Read all about it on RISE MAGAZINE. The story is al]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Ignition held their annual grand Summer Opening. Read all about it on RISE MAGAZINE. The story is al]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Getting Philosophical About Games]]></title>
<link>http://digitalworlds.wordpress.com/2008/03/11/getting-philosophical-about-games/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 11 Mar 2008 17:58:12 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Tony Hirst</dc:creator>
<guid>http://digitalworlds.wordpress.com/2008/03/11/getting-philosophical-about-games/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I intend to make this the last post on the question of what is a game, at least for a little while, ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I intend to make this the last post on the question of <a href="http://digitalworlds.wordpress.com/category/what-is-a-game/">what is a game</a>, at least for a little while, so I thought I&#8217;d bring another book to your attention: <a href="http://www.jesperjuul.net/">Jesper Juul</a>&#8217;s “Half-Real: Video Games between Real Rules and Fictional Worlds”, 2003, ISBN 0262101106 (<a href="http://www.half-real.net/">&#8220;official&#8221; book website</a>, <a href="http://www.half-real.net/sample/half-real-introduction.pdf">read the first chapter</a>, or via <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Half-Real-Video-Between-Fictional-Worlds/dp/0262101106?tag=ouseful-21">Amazon</a> or <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ivdOAAAAMAAJ">Google books</a>).</p>
<p>Juul defines a game as follows:</p>
<blockquote><p>A game is a rule-based formal system with a variable and quantifiable outcome, where different outcomes are assigned different values, the player exerts effort in order to influence the outcome, the player feels attached to the outcome, and the consequences of the activity are optional and negotiable.</p></blockquote>
<p>Compare this to the definition I gave in <a href="http://digitalworlds.wordpress.com/2008/03/07/thoughts-on-the-understanding-games-tutorial-episode-1/">Thoughts on the ‘Understanding Games Tutorial, Episode 1′</a>: <em>A game is a directed activity played for entertainment that consists of an aim or set of objectives, which are achieved using specific components by means of a set of rules.</em></p>
<p>The major difference between the two lies in the notion of <em>components</em>, which I didn&#8217;t really justify when I originally gave the definition. At their most obvious level, components might correspond to playing pieces in a board game &#8211; or even the board itself. In a computer game, the components might correspond to the instances of objects that are defined by the game rules.</p>
<p>Of more significance is a six point model that elaborates in more &#8211; and graphical &#8211; detail the attributes that characterise a game. The model was originally described in &#8220;<a href="http://www.jesperjuul.net/text/gameplayerworld/">The Game, the Player, the World: Looking for a Heart of Gameness</a>&#8220;, which is well worth a read if you have half an hour to spare.</p>
<p>Before you read on any further, <em>can you spot <strong>six</strong> characteristics of a game in Juul&#8217;s definition?</em></p>
<p>Using the new &#8216;<a href="http://documents.google.com/support/spreadsheets/bin/answer.py?answer=87809&#38;hl=en">create a form</a>&#8216; feature on Google spreadsheets, I created a form for you to record your answers (or you can post a comment): <a href="http://spreadsheets.google.com/viewform?key=p1rHUqg4g420mFbTT_od1BQ">Juul: &#8220;Six characteristics of a game&#8221; definition quiz</a>. I&#8217;ll make the (anonymised) results (if any!) public in a day or two&#8230;</p>
<p>As well as reviewing several classic definitions of a game (see also <a href="http://digitalworlds.wordpress.com/2008/03/05/so-what-is-a-game/#comment-24">Salen and Zimmerman&#8217;s definition comparison chart referred to in a comment to an earlier post</a>; if you have your own blog, you may like to write a post about these definitions, and how they differ&#8230;) Juul offers this diagram that captures in raw form the model he develops more completely in his book:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.jesperjuul.net/text/gameplayerworld/"><img src="http://www.jesperjuul.net/text/gameplayerworld/6gamefeatures.gif" /></a><br />
Appears in:  <a href="http://www.jesperjuul.net/text/gameplayerworld/">Juul, J., &#8220;The Game, the Player, the World: Looking for a Heart of Gameness&#8221;</a></p>
<p>The six defining characteristic features of a game, that provide the basis for his definition of a game, are shown in the inner wheel of the diagram.</p>
<p>Several examples of &#8220;not games&#8221; are given in the outer wheel of the circle. <em>Can you think of any further examples of &#8220;not games&#8221; that feature different subsets of Juul&#8217;s six defining characteristics of a game?</em></p>
<p>Using graphical techniques like this is one powerful way of clarifying a definition. If you did come up with a definition of a game of your own, <em>can you describe it in a graphical way?</em></p>
<p>(If you want to try drawing your definition, <a href="http://gliffy.com">gliffy.com</a> is an online drawing package that allows you to easily share your drawings with other people &#8211; as well as collaborating with them on the production of the image&#8230;)</p>
<p>If you&#8217;d like to hear from the man himself, here&#8217;s a video recording of a lecture Juul gave at MIT in December, 2006: <a href="http://cms.mit.edu/news/2006/12/halfreal_a_video_game_in_the_h_1.php">Half-Real: A Video Game in the Hands of a Player</a>.</p>
<h3>Inside the Magic Circle</h3>
<p>To wrap up this topic (for now!), I like to briefly return to the notion of &#8220;play&#8221;, the psychological stance we often (always?) take towards a game&#8230;</p>
<p><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/kakadu/1362910278/"><img src="http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1367/1362910278_d04d2e52b1_m_d.jpg" alt="Yin/yang symbol on a go board" /></a><br />
<em>&#8220;Yin and Yang on the Go board&#8221;, by Kakadu</em> (click through the image for full attribution).</p>
<p>The act of play itself has been the focus of much serious philosophical study. Johann Huizinga, author of <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ALeXRMGU1CsC"><em>Homo Ludens</em>: A Study of the Play Element in Culture</a>, likened the act of playing to ritual (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ALeXRMGU1CsC&#38;pg=PA50&#38;source=gbs_search_r&#38;cad=0_2&#38;sig=BWa1LxfSmDq4rfn6PUR_lAKhl04#PPA20,M1">Formally speaking&#8230;</a>).</p>
<p>Drawing on Huizinga&#8217;s original idea of a &#8220;play-ground&#8221;, a hallowed area &#8220;within which special rules obtain&#8221; and within which &#8220;an absolute and peculiar order obtains&#8221;, Salen and Zimmerman popularised the phrase &#8220;magic circle&#8221; to describe &#8220;the boundary that defines the game in time and space&#8221;. (See the quote in context here: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UM-xyczrZuQC&#38;pg=PT77&#38;sig=L7OO0UoDEL8E2wxzLAUpHOReCWg#PPT109,M1">What is going on in these examples&#8230;</a>)</p>
<p>The idea of the &#8220;magic circle&#8221; holds popular sway for many people, and is often thought of as a bubble of &#8216;altered reality&#8217; within which the game world exists. The &#8220;magic circle&#8221; is experienced by the game player when they are immersed in a game. This may be a purely psychological space, or it may extend into the real world, as for example in a board game, or a sports pitch.</p>
<p>When inside the magic circle, the game becomes, to a large extent, &#8216;reality&#8217;, although it is possible to step outside the circle, pause the game, and pop the kettle on&#8230;</p>
<p>&#8230;which is exactly what I&#8217;m going to do now <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Here&#8217;s something I&#8217;ll be pondering as I do so: <em>what is the relationship between &#8220;games&#8221; and &#8220;play&#8221;? Can I do anything with a game other than <strong>play</strong> it? (except <strong>make</strong> it, of course! <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Ludic Reality: a construct for analysing meaning-mapping and epistemology in play]]></title>
<link>http://gameculturebackup.wordpress.com/2007/06/17/ludic-reality-a-construct-for-analysing-meaning-mapping-and-epistemology-in-play/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jun 2007 19:23:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>garethrwhite</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gameculturebackup.wordpress.com/2007/06/17/ludic-reality-a-construct-for-analysing-meaning-mapping-and-epistemology-in-play/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I recently came across a paper by Dan Pinchbeck called Ludic Reality: a construct for analysing mean]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I recently came across a paper by <a href="http://www.danpinchbeck.co.uk/">Dan Pinchbeck</a> called <a href="http://www.danpinchbeck.co.uk/ludicreality.pdf"><em>Ludic Reality: a construct for analysing meaning-mapping and epistemology in play</em></a> which is presumably part of the author&#8217;s PhD in which he cites Dovey and Kennedy&#8217;s discussion of Turner in their book <i>Game Cultures</i>:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;His concept of rituals as liminal spaces, that is, transformative spaces that suspend normal social rules, constraints and affordances, has been co-opted by games theorists to describe the extra-daily structure of play (Dovey &#38; Kennedy 2006, Flynt 2006, Pinchbeck 2006). Dovey &#38; Kennedy draw attention to Turner’s crucial distinction between the liminal and the liminoid, that “the liminoid&#8230; is a commodity, which one selects and pays for [rather] than the liminal, which elicits loyalty and is bound up with one’s membership or desired membership in some highly corporate group. One works at the liminal, one plays with the liminoid.” (Turner 1982: 55).&#8221;</p>
<p>p. 5</p></blockquote>
<p>Here are my notes from the whole paper:</p>
<p>Pinchbeck proposes an approach to analysing FPS game content based on the phenomenological embodiment of player in the transitional object of a &#8216;Ludic Reality&#8217;. He proposes a way to reconcile Juul&#8217;s &#8220;real rules and fictional worlds&#8221; by viewing the &#8216;reality&#8217; of the game to be constituted by the relation between a schema or mental set of rules for being-in-the-world and the player&#8217;s embodied, meaningful experiences in that world. Furthermore, these rules become progressively more constraining as the player advances through the narrative of the game, thereby focussing the sense of immersion.</p>
<p>Four &#8220;homodiegetic devices&#8221; are presented as examples of ways in which the ludic reality is maintained.</p>
<p>1) Drama is presented as a cybernetic process of reduction to control temporal flow and focus player attention.<br />2) The world of the game is considered as structural limitation of affordances available to the player, as a liminoid domain in which schema from actual reality can be rewritten, and also as a space by which the temporal dimension becomes meaningful though virtually physical space.<br />3) NPCs or AI agents are devices which construct the impression of a world with fewer limitations for the player than really exist. Actions which the player expects as reasonable but which are unavailable are delegated to NPC agents. They additionally serve to position the player inside a world with the illusion of temporal and dramatic dimensions existing beyond the extent of the player&#8217;s sessions.<br />4) Player avatars themselves often exhibit cyborg or other unusual qualities which function to limit what we might expect to be reasonable actions for them to take. Furthermore they are often embroiled in mysterious scenarios which force the player to construct meaning local to the ludic reality, thus putting further constraints on what they might consider reasonable. This reduction in affordances results in a vessel into which the player can project.</p>
<p>Each of these devices operates within the system of the game rather as content, but also serves to structure the form of the player&#8217;s experiences.</p>
<p>Reference:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.danpinchbeck.co.uk/">Pinchbeck, Dan</a>. <i>Ludic Reality: a construct for analysing meaning-mapping and epistemology in play.</i> (University of Portsmouth: 13 February 2007) <a href="http://www.danpinchbeck.co.uk/ludicreality.pdf">&#60;http://www.danpinchbeck.co.uk/ludicreality.pdf&#62;</a> (Last accessed 14th June 2007)</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Juul]]></title>
<link>http://gameculturebackup.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/juul/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 05 Feb 2007 14:23:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>garethrwhite</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gameculturebackup.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/juul/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve added a new link on the right hand sidebar, to Jesper Juul&#8217;s blog, The Ludologist.I]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I&#8217;ve added a new link on the right hand sidebar, to Jesper Juul&#8217;s blog, <a href="http://www.jesperjuul.net/ludologist/">The Ludologist</a>.<br />If you&#8217;ve got time before our next seminar, take a look at his site to get some kind of background to his work.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Juul]]></title>
<link>http://cynthialog.wordpress.com/2007/01/16/juul/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jan 2007 18:07:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cynthialog</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cynthialog.wordpress.com/2007/01/16/juul/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Juul, geboren op 14 juli 2006, om 12.34 uur te Den Haag]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img src='http://cynthialog.wordpress.com/files/2007/01/desk.jpg' alt='Juul' /><br />
Juul, geboren op 14 juli 2006, om 12.34 uur te Den Haag</p>
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