Asy Syaikh Abdul Aziz Bin Baz rohimahullaah.

Pertanyaan: Bagaimanakah hukum seorang muslim yang menjual khomr atau obat-obatan terlarang, apakah kita tetap bisa menyebutnya muslim atau tidak? Dan bagaimanakah hukum seorang muslim yang bekerja di tempat pembuatan khomr, apakah wajib atasnya untuk meninggalkan pekerjaannya itu walaupun ia belum mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lain

Jawaban: Menjual khomr dan barang-barang haram yang lain termasuk kemungkaran besar. Begitu pula halnya dengan bekerja di tempat pembuatan khomr, ia termasuk hal yang haram dan merupakan kemungkaran besar berdasarkan firman Allah ‘azza wa jalla:

“..Dan tolong-menolonglah kamu dalam (mengerjakan) kebajikan dan takwa, dan jangan tolong-menolong dalam berbuat dosa dan pelanggaran..” (Q.S.5:2).

Tidak diragukan lagi bahwasanya menjual khomr dan obat-obatan terlarang serta rokok, termasuk sikap saling tolong menolong dalam berbuat dosa dan pelanggaran. Begitu juga dengan bekerja di tempat pembuatan khomr, merupakan sikap tolong menolong dalam berbuat dosa dan pelanggaran. Sedangkan Allah telah berfirman:

“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, sesungguhnya (meminum) khamar, berjudi, (berkorban untuk) berhala, mengundi nasib dengan panah, adalah termasuk perbuatan syaitan. Maka jauhilah perbuatan-perbuatan itu agar kamu mendapat keberuntungan. Sesungguhnya syaitan itu bermaksud hendak menimbulkan permusuhan dan kebencian di antara kamu lantaran (meminum) khamar dan berjudi itu, dan menghalangi kamu dari mengingat Allah dan sembahyang; maka berhentilah kamu (dari mengerjakan pekerjaan itu).” (Q.S.5: 90-91)

Dan telah shahih dari Rasulullah shollallahu’alayhiwasallam bahwasanya beliau melaknat khomr, peminumnya, penuangnya, pemerasnya, yang minta diperaskan, pembawanya, yang minta dibawakan, penjualnya, pembelinya dan yang makan hasil penjualannya.

Dan telah shahih pula dari Rasulullah shollallahu’alayhiwasallam bahwasanya beliau bersabda: sesungguhnya ada sebuah perjanjian atas Allah untuk orang yang mati dalam keadaan meminum khomr, yaitu Ia akan memberinya minum berupa thiinatul khobaal. Lalu dikatakan: wahai Rasulullah, apakah thinatul khobaal itu? Beliau berkata: ia adalah perasan ahli neraka, atau beliau berkata: keringatnya ahli neraka. Adapun hukum orang tersebut, maka ia adalah orang yang bermaksiat dan fasik dengan sebab perbuatannya itu, kurang imannya. Pada hari kiamat nanti ia diserahkan kepada kehendak Allah. Kalau Allah menghendaki, Ia akan mengampuni dan memaafkan orang tersebut. Dan apabila Ia menghendaki, Ia akan menhukumnya kalau orang tersebut mati sebelum bertaubat sebagaimana yang dipahami oleh Ahlussunnah berdasarkan firman Allah: “Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengampuni dosa syirik, dan Dia mengampuni segala dosa yang selain dari (syirik) itu, bagi siapa yang dikehendaki-Nya. Barangsiapa yang mempersekutukan Allah, maka sungguh ia telah berbuat dosa yang besar.” (Q.S. 4:48).

Hukum yang sedemikian itu apabila orang tadi tidak memandang halal khomr. Adapun kalau ia memandangnya sebagai sesuatu yang halal, maka ia dikafirkan dengan sebab penghalalannya itu. Dan jasadnya tidak dimandikan atau dishalatkan kalau sampai mati ia tetap berpandangan seperti itu, menurut semua ulama. Karena dengan begitu, berarti ia telah mendustakan Allah dan Rasul-Nya shollallahu’alayhiwasallam. Demikian pula hukum orang yang menghalalkan zina, liwath, riba dan hal-hal lain yang telah disepakati keharamannya seperti durhaka kepada orang tua, memutuskan silaturahmi dan membunuh secara batil. Sedangkan orang yang mengerjakannya atau mengerjakan salah satu dari perbuatan tersebut, dan dia menyadari bahwa perbuatan tersebut adalah haram, dan bahwasanya dirinya telah bermaksiat kepada Allah dengan perbuatan tersebut, maka orang itu tidak menjadi kafir. Akan tetapi ia adalah orang yang fasiq yang diserahkan kepada kehendak Allah di akhirat nanti, kalau dia belum bertaubat sebelum matinya, seperti yang telah berlalu tentang hukum peminum khomr.

Wallaahu waliyyu t tawfiiq.

Diterjemahkan oleh Abu Abdil Halim Zulkarnain, untuk: http://al-ilmu.biz

Sumber: http://www.alifta.net

Soal
Kalau menggunakan parfum beralkohol itu boleh atau tidak?

Jawab:
banyak orang beranggapan bahwa al-kohol itu najis, karena termasuk ke dalam barang yang haram. Penyebab Alkohol diharamkan adalah karena menyebabkan mabuk (hilang akal), sebagaimana firman Allah.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ * إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلاةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ [المائدة:91]

Hai orang-orang yang beriman, sesungguhnya (meminum) khamar, berjudi, (berkorban untuk) berhala, mengundi nasib dengan panah, adalah termasuk perbuatan syaitan. Maka jauhilah perbuatan-perbuatan itu agar kamu mendapat keberuntungan. Sesungguhnya syaitan itu bermaksud hendak menimbulkan permusuhan dan kebencian di antara kamu lantaran (meminum) khamar dan berjudi itu, dan menghalangi kamu dari mengingat Allah dan sembahyang; maka berhentilah kamu (dari mengerjakan pekerjaan itu). (Al-Maidah:90-91)

Pada ayat ke-90 Allah menjelaskan larangan khamr. Khamr terdiri dari berbagai macam, prinsipnya adalah memabukkan. Jika ada sesuatu yang pada umumnya bersifat memabukkan, maka hal itu dinamakan khamr, sebagaimana hadis nabi

كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ

Segala sesuatu yang memabukkan adalah khamr, dan semua yang memabukkan adalah haram. (HR Muslim)

Hadis ini menjelaskan illah diharamkannya khamr, yaitu karena memabukkan.

Sedangkan pada ayat ke-91 dijelaskan salah satu dari hikmah diharamkannya khamr, yaitu untuk menghhindarkan permusuhan dan jauh dari mengingat Allah. Terjadinya permusuhan sesama kaum muslimin dan jauhnya dari mengingat Allah itu akan terjadi dengan terjadinya hilang akan (mabuk). Saat mabuk itu akal tidak berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya, sehingga emosi meningkat dan permusuhan akan lebih banyak terjadi. Demikian pula orang mabuk akan lebih jauh dari mengingat Allah.

Adapun alkohol yang ada di dalam parfum, kita mesti melihat. Apakah parfum itu menyebabkan mabuk atau tidak. Jika parfum tersebut bisa menyebabkan mabuk dengan menciumnya maka jelas parfum itu haram. Tetapi jika parfum itu tidak menyebabkan mabuk, maka parfum itu boleh digunakan. Sebab adanya larangan berkaitan dengan mabuk. Maka jika sesuatu tidak menyebabkan mabuk tentu tidak diharamkan.

Pork, the new worst sin

As-Salaam Aleikum wa Rahmatullah wa Barakatuh

(Firstly I want to say that I might be a bit sarcastic in this article so do not think that I mean every thing I write in the article, you can tell the difference.)

Pork seems to be the new worst sin in Islam, at least this is the case for Muslims living in the West.
Now what are the “normal” things for a young Muslim now days?
Well usually it’s just the boys, because apparently boys are allowed to do whatever they want because they are boys and apparently they won’t be accountable for their sins on the Day of Judgment, the girls again have to stay nice and pure and won’t leave the house, so let’s examine what male Muslim youth are allowed to do.
The first is to neglect all the five daily prayers because I mean, who prays anyway? That’s something that you can do when your 50 years old with 10 children and your party days are long gone.
The second thing is drinking alcohol, this is also something that everyone is doing so why not? I mean it is after all more important to look cool in the eyes of the Kuffar than to please Allah.
The third is smoking marijuana, this is for those who don’t want to drink alcohol, cause I mean there is no way that marijuana is a drug right or equally bad as alcohol?
The Forth thing that they can do is commit Zina, I mean, everyone is doing it and isn’t it a bit old fashioned to save yourself for marriage?
And finally the fifth is gambling, cause they put small amounts in it so it’s okay, and a lot of the money the money they loose go to charity.

But what is this one sin that Muslims cannot defy? One sin that is so great that breaking that sin would be totally unforgivable?
Well the consuming of pork meat, apparently eating pork will be such a terrible sin that you can do whatever you want as long as you do not eat pig, eating pig will take you straight out of the fold of Islam and you will burn in Hell
Now let’s examine the different sins:
Zina:
“And do not go near fornication. It is an indecent act, an evil way”[1]
The punishment for Zina was revealed gradually in the Qur’an in three steps first in Surah 4:15 then in Surah 4:16 and finally Allah says in the Qur’an.
“ A woman and a man who commit fornication: flog both of them with one hundred lashes and do not let compassion for either of them possess you where Allah’s din is concerned, if you have iman in Allah and the Last Day. A number of muminun should witness their punishment [2]

Alcohol& Cannabis (Both go under the word Khamr (intoxicant))
Khamr was also forbidden gradually in the Qur’an first in Surah 2:219 then in Surah 4:42 and finally
“You who have iman! wine and gambling, stone altars and divining arrows are filth from the handiwork of Shaytan. Avoid them completely so that hopefully you will be successful. Shaytan wants to stir up enmity and hatred between you by means of wine and gambling, and to debar you from remembrance of Allah and from salat. Will you not then give them up?[3]
This Ayat clearly dictates the prohibition of Gambling.
It is also reported in At-Tirmindi that the Prophet sallallahu aleyhi wa sallam said:
“ That of wich a great deal causes intoxication then a little of it is haram.”[4]
“Jurists of the four schools agree that a drunkard must be punished by flogging. Maliki, Hanafi and Hanbali jurists say that the hadd punishment for drinking wine is eighty lashes, but Imam ash-Shafi said that the punishment for drinking wine is only forty lashes.”[5]
Neglecting the five daily prayers:
Salat is the second pillar in Islam and neglecting this obligation is a great and very dangerous sin indeed.
“Praise be to Allaah.
The scholars have differed concerning the Muslim who deliberately neglects salaah without denying that it is obligatory. Some of them say that he is definitely a kaafir who has gone beyond the pale of Islam. He is considered to be a murtadd (apostate) who is to be given three days to repent – if he does not, he is to be executed for his apostasy. The funeral prayer will not be recited over him, and he will not be buried in the Muslim graveyard. The greeting of salaam is not to be given to him, in life or in death, and his greeting is not to be returned; prayers for forgiveness and mercy for him cannot be offered; he cannot inherit, neither can his wealth be inherited, instead it is to be given to the Muslim treasury (bayt al-maal). This ruling applies whether the number of people who are neglecting their prayers are many or a few.
This opinion is the soundest and most correct, because of the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “The difference between us and them is salaah. Whoever neglects it is a kaafir.” (Reported by Imaam Ahmad and the authors of Sunan with a saheeh isnaad); and: “(Nothing stands) between a man and kufr and shirk, except prayer: (whoever neglects it becomes a kaafir and a mushrik).” (Reported by Imaam Muslim in his Saheeh, with other similar ahaadeeth).”[6]

And then we have eating of pig.
No one can deny that Allah has made pig meat forbidden to us, but even if we were starving we would be allowed to eat pig meat, we are never allowed to drink alcohol or take drugs, commit zina or neglect the 5 daily prayers.
If you commit all these sins and you do not pray, but when you are offered pig, you say no? Do you think that this will just save you from the fire? This sin that does not even have a hadd punishment?
One brother even told me that he saw some men who belonged to a Muslim family and they were Pimps, meaning they “owned” prostitutes and when they were offered pig meat they said: “No, we do not eat pig”
Seriously, eating pig meat is nothing compared to these sins.
No, we should not eat pig, nor should we commit any of these other sins. But do not think that the only sin you have to stay away from is eating pig meat.

[1] Qur’an 17:32
[2] Qur’an 24:2
[3] Qur’an 5:90-91
[4] At-Tirmindhi
[5] Shariah: Islamic Law, Abd ar-Rahman I.Doi Page.399
[6] http://islamqa.com/en/ref/2182

Nuzulul-Qurãn

Bila orang bicara nuzulul-qurãn, yang mereka maksud  adalah turunnya ayat-ayat tertentu yang berkaitan dengan keaadaan-keadaan atau peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu.

Mereka  mengatakan bahwa nuzulul-qurãn perlu dipelajari karena sangat dibutuhkan untuk menafsirkan Al-Qurãn. Karena itu banyak orang alim yang menekuni bidang itu, di antaranya yang terkenal adalah Ali bin Madini, guru Bukhari, kemudian  Al-Wahidi atau  Abul Hasan Ali bin Ahmad An-Nawawi  Al-Mufassir,  yang menulis kitab Asbabun-Nuzul. Kitab ini selanjutnya diringkas oleh Al-Jabari, dengan menghilangkan isnad-isnadnya (rangkaian nara sumbernya).

Selain mereka, kemudian muncul juga Ibn Hajar, yang  dijuluki Syaikhul Islam, menulis kitab tentang asbabun  nuzul, dan As-Suyuti yang menulis kitab Lubabul-Manqul fi  Asbabin-Nuzul.[1]

Dikatakan oleh mereka bahwa suatu ayat turun  disebabkan oleh dua hal:

1.  Bila terjadi suatu peristiwa, turunlah  ayat  Al-Qurãn mengenai peristiwa itu. Misalnya seperti cerita dari Ibn Abbas:

“Ketika turun: Dan peringatkanlah kerabat-kerabatmu yang terdekat, Nabi pergi naik ke bukit Safa, lalu berseru: ‘Wahai kaumku!’ Maka mereka pun berkumpul ke dekat Nabi.

Ia berkata lagi: ‘Bagaimana pendapatmu bila aku beritahukan kepadamu bahwa di balik gunung ini ada pasukan berkuda yang hendak menyerangmu; percayakah kamu apa yang kukatakan?’

Mereka menjawab: ‘Kami belum pernah melihat engkau berdusta.’ Dan Nabi melajutkan: ‘Aku memperingatkan kamu tentang siksa yang pedih.’ Ketika itu Abu Lahab lalu berkata: ‘Celakalah engkau; apakah engkau mengumpulkan kami hanya untuk urusan ini?’

Lalu ia berdiri. Maka turunlah surah ini: “Celakalah kedua tangan Abu Lahab.”

2. Bila Rasulullah ditanya tentang sesuatu hal, maka turunlah ayat Al-Qurãn menerangkan hukumnya…[2]

Demikian tentang asbabun nuzul.

Pembagian babak

Tentang pembagian  babak atau periode penurunan Al-Qurãn, Muhammad  Quraish Shihab dalam buku  Membumikan Al-Qur’an menulis:

“Para ulama ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an membagi sejarah turunnya Al-Qur’an  dalam dua periode: (1) Periode sebelum  hijrah;  dan (2) Periode sesudah hijrah. Ayat-ayat yang turun pada periode  pertama dinamai ayat-ayat Makkiyyah, dan ayat-ayat  yang turun pada periode kedua dinamai ayat-ayat Madaniyyah…”

Tapi  Quraish sendiri membagi penurunan  Al-Qurãn  tesebut menjadi tiga periode, yaitu: Pertama, pendidikan bagi  Rasulullah saw., dalam membentuk kepribadiannya. Ia menunjuk surat  Al-Mudatsir ayat 1-7, surat Al-Muzzammil ayat 1-5,  dan surat Asy-Syu’ara ayat ayat 214-216.

Kedua, pengetahuan-pengetahuan dasar mengenai sifat  dan af’al (perbuatan) Allah, misalnya dalam surat Al-A’la  (surat  ketujuh) dan surat Al-Ikhlash.

Ketiga, keterangan mengenai dasar-dasar akhlak Islamiah, serta bantahan-bantahan secara umum mengenai pandangan hidup masyarakat jahiliah ketika itu, seperti dalam surat At-Takatsur dan surat Al-Ma’un.

Demikian menurut Quraish Shihab.

Kondisi kejiwaan masyarakat

Sedangkan sebuah  hadis riwayat Bukhari dari ‘Aisyah memberikan gambaran demikian:

“Sebenarnya dia (Allah) menurunkan (wahyu-wahyu) pertama darinya  (Al-Qurãn) adalah surat mufashshil, yang di  dalamnya menerangkan tentang ‘jannah’ dan ‘nar’. Sampai kemudian  setelah  manusia berhimpun memeluk Islam, maka dia menurunkan (wahyu  tentang) halal dan haram. Seandainya dia  menurunkan (wahyu) pertama  (yang  menyatakan)  ’Jangan  kalian  minum khamr‘ (minuman keras), pasti mereka menjawab, ‘Kami tidak akan meninggalkan khamr selamanya.’ Bila dia menurunkan (wahyu) ‘jangan kalian berzina,’ pasti mereka menjawab, ‘Kami tak akan meninggalkan zina selamanya.”

Hadis ini mengisyaratkan bahwa wahyu turun dengan mempertimbankan kondisi kejiwaan masyarakat yang bersangkutan.

Hal ini seharusnya menjadi dasar pertimbangan dalam da’wah, khususnya pengajaran Al-Qurãn  di masa sekarang.

[2] idem, hal. 110-111.

Bismillaah

From Yahoo

Alcohol has been the scourge of human society since time immemorial. It continues to cost countless human lives, and causes terrible misery to millions throughout the world. Alcohol is the root cause of several problems facing society. The statistics of soaring crime rates, increasing instances of mental illnesses and millions of broken homes throughout the world bear mute testimony to the destructive power of alcohol.

1. Prohibition of alcohol in the Qur’an

The Glorious Qur’an prohibits the consumption of alcohol in the following verse:

“O ye who believe!
Intoxicants and Gambling,
(Dedication of) stones,
And (divination by) arrows,
Are an Abomination –
Of Satan’s handiwork;
Eschew such (abomination),
That ye may prosper.”
[Al-Qur’an 5:90]

2. Prohibition of alcohol in the Bible

The Bible prohibits the consumption of alcohol in the following verses:

“Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging; and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.”
[Proverbs 20:1]

“And be not drunk with wine.”
[Ephesians 5:18]

3. Alcohol inhibits the inhibitory centre
The human beings possess an inhibitory centre in their brains. This inhibitory centre prevents the person from doing things that he considers wrong. For instance a person does not normally use abusive language while addressing his parents or elders. If he has to answer the call of nature, his inhibitory centre will prevent him from doing so in public. Therefore he uses the toilet.

When a person consumes alcohol, the inhibitory centre itself is inhibited. That is precisely the reason that an inebriated person is often found to be indulging in behaviour that is completely uncharacteristic of him. For instance the intoxicated person is found to use abusive and foul language and does not realize his mistake even if he is addressing his parents. Many even urinate in their clothes. Neither do they talk nor walk properly. They even misbehave.

4. Cases of adultery, rape, incest and AIDS are found more among alcoholics
According to National Crime Victimization Survey Bureau of Justice (U.S. Department of Justice) in the year 1996 alone everyday on an average 2,713 rapes took place. The statistics tell us that the majority of the rapists, were intoxicated while committing the crime. The same is true in cases of molestation.

According to statistics, 8% of Americans commit incest i.e. one in every twelve to thirteen persons in America is involved in incest. Almost all the cases of incest are due to intoxication of one or both the persons involved.

One of the major factors associated with the spread of AIDS, the most dreaded disease, is alcoholism.

5. Every alcoholic was initially a social drinker
Many may argue in favour of liquor by calling themselves ‘social drinkers’. They claim that they only have one or two pegs and they have self-control and so never get intoxicated. Investigations reveal that every alcoholic started as a social drinker. Not a single alcoholic or drunkard initially starts drinking with the intention of becoming an alcoholic or a drunkard. No social drinker can say that I have been having alcohol for several years and that I have so much self-control that I have never been intoxicated even a single time.

6. If a person is intoxicated just once and commits something shameful, it will remain with him for a lifetime.
Suppose a ‘social drinker’ loses his self-control just once. In a state of intoxication he commits rape or incest. Even if the act is later regretted, a normal human being is likely to carry the guilt throughout his life. Both the perpetrator and the victim are irreparably and irreversibly damaged.

7. Alcohol is prohibited in the Hadith
The Prophet of Islam Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

In Sunan Ibn-I-Majah Volume 3, Book of Intoxicants, Chapter 30 Hadith No. 3371.

“Alcohol is the mother of all evils and it is the most shameful of evils.”

In Sunan Ibn-I-Majah Volume 3, Book of Intoxicants, Chapter 30 Hadith No. 3392

“Anything which intoxicates in a large quantity, is prohibited even in a small quantity.”

Thus there is no excuse for a nip or a tot.

Not only those who drink alcohol are cursed but also those who deal with them directly or indirectly are cursed by Allah.

According to Sunan Ibn-I-Majah Volume 3, Book of Intoxicants, Chapter 30 Hadith No. 3380.

It was reported by Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said:

“God’s curse falls on ten groups of people who deal with alcohol. The one who distills it, the one for whom it has been distilled, the one who drinks it, the one who transports it, the one to who it has been brought, the one whom serves it, the one who sells it, the one who utilizes money from it, the one who buys it and the one who buys it for someone else.”

8. Diseases associated with alcoholism
There are several scientific reasons for the prohibition of consumption of intoxicants i.e. alcohol. The maximum number of deaths in the world related to any one particular cause is due to the consumption of alcohol. Millions of people die every year only because of intake of alcohol. I need not go into the details of all the ill-effects of alcohol since most of them are commonly known. Below is a simple list of few of the alcohol related illnesses:

Cirrhosis of Liver is the most well known alcohol associated disease.

Others are Cancer of Oesophagus, Cancer of Head and Neck, Cancer of Liver (Hepatoma), Cancer of Bowel, etc.

Oesophagitis, Gastritis, Pancreatitis and Hepatitis are linked with alcohol consumption.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, Coronary Artherosclerosis, Angina and Heart Attacks are linked with heavy alcohol intakes.

Strokes, Apoplexy, Fits and different types of Paralysis are linked with alcohol intake.

Peripheral Neuropathy, Cortical Atrophy, Cerebellar Atrophy are well-known syndromes caused by alcohol consumption.

Wernicke – Korsakoff syndrome with amnesia of recent events, confabulations and retainment of memory to old events with different types of paralysis are mainly due to thiamine deficiency due to excessive alcohol intake.

Beriberi and other deficiencies are not uncommon among alcoholics. Even Pellagra occurs in alcoholics.

Delerium Tremens is a serious complication that may occur during recurrent infection of alcoholics or post operatively. It also occurs during abstention as a sign of withdrawal effect. It is quite serious and may cause death even if treated in well equipped centres.

Numerous Endocrine Disorders have been associated with alcoholism ranging from Myxodema to Hyperthyroidism and Florid Cushing Syndrome.

Hematological ill effects are long and variable. Folic acid deficiency, however, is the most common manifestation of alcoholic abuse resulting in Macrocytic Anemia. Zeive’s syndrome is a triad of Hemolytic Anemia, Jaundice and Hyperlipaedemia that follows alcoholic binges.

Thrombocytopenia and other platelet abnormalities are not rare in alcoholics.

The commonly used tablet metronidazole (flagyl) interacts badly with alcohol.

Recurrent infection is very common among chronic alcoholics. The resistance to disease and the immunological defense system are compromised by alcohol intake.

Chest infections are notorious in alcoholics. Pneumonia, Lung Abcess, Emphysema and Pulmonary Tuberculosis are all common in alcoholics.

During acute alcoholic intoxication, the drunk person usually vomits, the cough reflexes which are protective are paralysed. The vomitus thus easily pass to the lung causing Pneumonia or Lung Abscess. Occasionally it may even cause suffocation and death.

The ill effects of alcohol consumption on women deserves special mention. Females are more vulnerable to alcohol-related Cirrhosis than men. During pregnancy alcohol consumption has a severe detrimental effect on the foetus. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is being recognised more and more in the medical profession.

Skin diseases are also related to alcohol indulgence.

Eczema, Alopecia, Nail Dystrophy, Paronychia (infection around the nails) and Angular Stomatitis (inflammation of the angle of the mouth) are common diseases among alcoholics.

9. Alcoholism is a ‘disease’
Medical doctors have now turned liberal towards alcoholics and call alcoholism a disease rather than an addiction.

The Islamic Research Foundation has published a pamphlet that says:

If alcohol is a disease, it is the only disease that:

- Is sold in bottles

- Is advertised in newspapers, magazines, on radio and television

- Has licensed outlets to spread it

- Produces revenue for the government

- Brings violent deaths on the highways

- Destroys family life and increases crime

- Has no germs or viral cause

ALCOHOLISM IS NOT A DISEASE – IT IS SATAN’S HANDIWORK

Allah (swt) in His Infinite Wisdom has warned us against this snare of Satan. Islam is called the “Deen-ul-Fitrah” or the natural religion of Man. All its injunctions are aimed at preserving the natural state of man. Alcohol is a deviation from this natural state, for the individual as well as for society. It degrades man to a level below that of the beasts he claims to be superior to. Hence the consumption of alcohol is prohibited in Islam.

“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, sesungguhnya (meminum) khamr, berjudi, (berkurban untuk) berhala, mengundi nasib dengan panah adalah perbuatan keji, termasuk perbuatan setan. Maka jauhilah perbuatan-perbuatan itu agar kamu mendapat keberuntungan.”(QS.Al-Ma’idah :90)

Khamr merupakan jenis minuman yang dapat memabukkan dan menghilangkan kesadaran seseorang yang meminumnya. Dan Alkohol termasuk ke dalam jenis khamr. Khamr diharamkan oleh Allah terhadap seorang muslim untuk memilikinya apalagi mengkonsumsinya. Hal ini juga dikarenakan Khamr merupakan jenis minuman yang mudharat ataupun keburukannya jauh lebih banyak dibandingkan manfaat yang terkandung di dalamnya. Allah swt berfirman:

“Mereka bertanya kepadamu tentang khamr dan judi. Katakanlah pada keduanya terdapat dosa besar dan beberapa manfaat bagi manusia. Tetapi dosanya lebih besar dari manfaatnya. (QS: Al Baqarah :219).

Ayat di atas merupakan ayat yang diturunkan untuk memperingatkan akan kebiasaan buruk bangsa Arab meminum khamr. Kebiasaan buruk ini sangat sering dilakukan oleh bangsa Arab saat itu. Kemudian Allah memberikan penegasan mengenai larangan meminum khamr dengan firman-Nya dalam Al Qur’an:

“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu sholat sedang kamu dalam keadaan mabuk sehingga kamu mengerti apa yang kamu ucapkan”. (QS. An-Nisa. :43).

Dengan diturunkannya ayat di atas maka dipertegas bagaimana khamr itu dilarang dikonsumsi dengan melarang kaum mukmin untuk shalat dalam keadaan mabuk dengan meminum khamr. Dan sekali lagi Allah menurunkan ayat Al Qur’an yang dengan sangat tegas melarang seorang mukmin untuk mendekati khamr sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam Surah Al Maidah ayat 90 di atas.

Dalam sebuah hadits, Rasulullah saw bersabda,

Dari Abdullah bin Umar, Rasulullah SAW bersabda: “Setiap yang memabukkan adalah khamr (termasuk khamr) dan setiap khamr adalah diharamkan”.(HR. Ahmad dan Abu Dawud)

Bukhari dan Muslim meriwayatkan, Umar bin Khattab pernah berpidato: “Kemudian dari pada itu wahai manusia: sesungguhnya telah diturunkan hukum yang mengharamkan khamr. Ia terbuat dari salah satu dari lima unsur: anggur, korma, madu, jagung dan gandum. Khamr adalah sesuatu yang mengacaukan akal.” Apa yang dikatakan Umar bin Khttab sebagai Amirul Mukminin pada waktu itu sama sekali tidak dibantah oleh para sahabat yang lain.

Khamr merupakan suatu minuman yang dapat mengacaukan akal sehat seseorang yang meminumnya dan memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatan yang mengkonsumsinya. Hal ini merupakan penyebab diharamkannya Khamr bagi setiap mukmin untuk memilikinya apalagi mengkonsumsinya.

Sedangkan larangan untuk menjual khamr didasarkan pada hadits,

Dari Ibnu Abbas berkata bahwa seorang laki-laki menghadiahkan sebuah wadah berisi khamr kepada Rasulullah n. Maka Rasulullah saw berkata: “Tidakkah engkau mengetahui bahwa khamr telah diharamkan?” Kemudian ada seseorang yang membisiki laki-laki tersebut untuk menjualnya. Maka Rasulullah saw bersabda, “Sesungguhnya Dzat Yang mengharamkan untuk meminumnya juga mengharamkan untuk menjualnya.”.(HR. Muslim)

Ganjaran bagi Peminum Khamr

Dalam sebuah hadits diriwayatkan bagaimana Rasulullah saw memberikan hukuman bagi orang yang telah meminum khamr,

“Bahwasanya Rasulullah SAW telah mendera orang yang meminum khamr dengan dua pelepah tamar empat puluh kali.” (HR. Muslim).

Sedangkan Saidina Ali r.a berkata: “Rasulullah telah menghukum dengan empat puluh pukulan, Abu Bakar juga dengan empat puluh pukulan dan Umar r.a dengan menghukum delapan puluh pukulan. Hukuman ini (empat puluh kali pukulan) adalah hukuman yang lebih saya sukai”. (HR. Muslim).

Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah menjadi dasar penegakan hukum bagi mukmin yang telah meminum khamr, dan ini sudah menjadi ketetapan bagi setiap mukmin dan acuan bagaimana Rasulullah sangat membenci khamr berada di sekitar ummatnya. Maka hendaknya bagi setiap mukmin sadar bahwa setiap ketentuan Allah merupakan sesuatu yang terbaik bagi dirinya, karena Allah adalah Zat Yang Maha Mengetahui apa-apa yang tidak diketahui hamba-hamba-Nya. Dan semoga kita semua dapat menghindarkan diri dari perbuatan memiliki, menjual apalagi meminum khamr.

Buah buahan tentunya merupakan makanan yang halal, namun pada kondisi tertentu setelah dijus dan diblender akan menjadi minuman yg haram dan memabukkan, karena kandungan etanol di dalamnya menjadi bertambah. lebih jelas tertuang dalam point-point berikut ini :

1. Etanol (alkohol) tidak sama dengan khamr. Etanol adalah salah satu bahan kimia yang status kehalalannya sama dengan status kehalalan bahan kimia lainnya dimana sifatnya didalam bahan pangan tergantung kepada konsentrasinya. Etanol tidak dikonsumsi dalam bentuk murninya, sedangkan khmar adalah sesuatu yang
dikonsumsi.
2. Khamr adalah segala sesuatu yang dikonsumsi yang bersifat memabukkan.
Dasarnya adalah hadis “segala sesuatu yang memabukkan itu khamr dan khamr itu
haram”. Keharaman khamr juga ditegaskan didalam Al Quran surat Al Maidah ayat
90-91.
3. Etanol ada di banyak bahan pangan seperti buah-buahan, itu sebabnya bukan
keberadaan etanol yang menyebabkan suatu bahan haram, akan tetapi lebih kepada
berapa kadarnya. Untuk menetapkan berapa batas kadar etanol yang tidak
diperbolehkan ada didalam bahan pangan atau minuman maka hadis mengenai jus
dapat dirujuk, beberapa hadis tersebut yaitu:
a. “Minumlah itu jus selagi ia belum menjadi keras” . “Berapa lama ia menjadi
keras”, tanya para sahabat, “Ia menjadi keras setelah 3 hari”.
b. Rasulullah biasa menyimpan perasan anggur, pada malam pertama diminumnya,
pada malam kedua diminumnya, sedangkan pada malam ketiga perasan anggur tersebut
telah berubah menjadi bersifat memabukkan maka Rasulullah membuangnya.
c. Pada suatu ketika seorang sahabat membawakan minuman jus ke hadapan
Rasulullah yang akan berbuka puasa, akan tetapi Rasulullah menolak minuman
tersebut karena ternyata telah terbentuk gelembung pada minuman tersebut.
(Keterangan: ini tanda telah terjadinya fermentasi alkohol pada minuman
tersebut).
Dari hadis-hadis tersebut diatas jelaslah jus buah yang mengandung
etanol/alkohol (pada jus jeruk dapat mencapai 0.15% alkohol) adalah halal,
bahkan jus yang disimpan sampai 2 malam itu juga halal, padahal jus yang
disimpan pada suhu kamar dan kondisi aerobik jelas akan mengalami fermentasi
alkohol yang spontan sehingga kadar alkoholnya meningkat. Pada penyimpanan hari
ketiga jus tersebut telah berubah sifatnya menjadi memabukkan, pada kondisi
inilah kadar alkohol ditetapkan menjadi batas dimana suatu minuman menjadi haram
hukumnya.
4. MUI telah memfatwakan bahwa minuman keras adalah minuman yang mengandung
alkohol satu persen atau lebih. Jika suatu minuman mengandung kadar alkohol
kurang dari satu persen akan tetapi minuman tersebut sudah diniatkan untuk
dijadikan minuman yang memabukkan maka statusnya juga haram. Akan tetapi jika
minuman tersebut tidak ditujukan untuk dijadikan minuman memabukkan walaupun
mengandung alkohol kurang dari satu persen tetap halal sepanjang bukan terbuat
dari bahan yang haram atau mengandung bahan yang haram.
5. Kesimpulannya: etanol itu sendiri tidak haram, sama halnya dengan bahan-bahan
kimia lain yang bahkan lebih toksik dari etanol seperti aseton, kloroform, dll.
Keberadaan etanol didalam bahan pangan tidak masalah asalkan kadarnya kurang
dari satu persen. Jika kadar alkohol suatu minuman atau bahan pangan satu persen
atau lebih maka minuman tersebut statusnya haram. Batas 1% merupakan hasil
ijtihad Komisi Fatwa MUI.

Sumber : tulisan Bpk Menteri Anton Apriyantono

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Halal-Baik-Enak

Ada beberapa menu masakan sea food yang biasa di pesan dirumah makan sea food, yaitu sop ikan, ikan bakar, tumis kangkung, baby kaylan, udang goreng tepung, cah taoge ikan asin, sotong goreng tepung, Cap Cay. Biasanya makanan yang proses masakannya dengan ditumis, tak lepas dari angciu yaitu bumbu masakan cina yang artinya adalah arak merah. Angciu bukanlah suatu bahan tambahan atau bumbu yang ditambahkan alkohol melainkan angciu sendiri adalah artinya arak merah dalam bahasa cina. Jelas sekali kalau arak adalah jenis khamar yang kadar alkoholnya sangat tinggi. jadi seandainya ingin makan di sebuah restaurant yang menghadirkan makanan tersebut diatas, pastikan mereka tidak menggunakan arak tersebut. Biasanya ciri-ciri rumah makan yang menggunakan angciu adalah pada saat memasak akan timbul nyala api yang cukup besar. Ada yang mengatakan bahwa bumbu yang hanya ditambahkan sedikit saja tidak mengharamkan makanan tersebut. Padahal jelas dalam Alquran tidak ada ayat yg menyebutkan bahwa boleh ataupun halal mengkonsumsi alkohol sedikit misalnya 1 % ???? So..

Penggunaan angciu ini biasanya hanya sekedar sebagai aroma agar makanan tersebut tercium kelezatannya. Oleh karenanya sudah banyak rumah makan dan koki-koki yang sadar akan kehalalan, segera menggantikan angciu dengan air jahe segar atau bisa juga kecap asin yang ditambah dengan perasan air jeruk nipis atau lemon.

kalau untuk restaurant jepang biasanya mereka menggunakan sejenis mirin atau sake (sejenis arak)untuk bumbu masakannya. Biasanya jarang restaurant jepang yang tidak melepaskan bumbu mirin ini. Jadi Restaurant Jepang yang belum mendapatkan sertifikat halal biasanya kebanyakan memang masih menggunakan bumbu ini. Jika Masakan cina yang sudah banyak dihidangkan dirumah makan pinggir jalan/pujasera ataupun food court bisa diakali dengan bumbu-bumbu alami yang lain, untuk masakan jepang agak sulit. karena masakannya pun jarang dikonsumsi khalayak ramai sebagaimana masakan sea food ala cina (penulis mengatakan demikian karena budaya masakan cina memang sudah mendarah daging di Indonesia) dan kebanyakan di daerah-daerah yang mempunyai menu masakan yang berbeda-beda, masakan sea food ala cina ini pun sudah dimodifikasi sedemikian rupa sehingga penyajiannya pun juga berbeda-beda.

Beberapa alternatif pengganti bahan-bahan tambahan yang beralkohol :

Ang Ciu : Alternatifnya adalah campuran kecap asin dan perasan jeruk limau.
Mirin : Alternatifnya adalah jus anggur yang dicampur dengan perasan air jeruk lemon.
Red Wine : Alternatifnya adalah jus anggur, jus cranberry dan jus tomat.
Bourbon : Alternatifnya adalah ekstrak vanilla, jus cranberry atau jus anggur.
Brandy : Alternatifnya adalah sirup buah cerry atau selai cerry.
Muscat : Alternatifnya adalah jus anggur yang ditambah dengan air dan gula putih.
Vodka : Alternatifnya adalah sari buah apel atau jus anggur dicampur dengan perasan jeruk nipis.
White brandy : Alternatifnya adalah anggur, sari buah apel, kaldu sayuran maupun air biasa.
Apple Brandy : Alternatifnya adalah jus apel tanpa pemanis

Liputan6.com, Malang: Tiga pemuda tewas setelah kendaraan yang mereka tumpangi masuk jurang di sekitar jembatan jalan raya Sulfat, Malang, Jawa Timur, Selasa (13/5). Warga di sekitar lokasi kejadian harus bekerja keras mengevakuasi korban karena keterbatasan alat. Satu orang tewas di tempat, sementara dua lainnya meninggal saat berada di rumah sakit.

Evakuasi korban kecelakaan mobil yang jatuh ke jurang.

Kejadian ini merupakan peristiwa ketiga dalam sebulan terakhir di Jatim. Sebelumnya dalam dua insiden berbeda sembilan orang tewas akibat minuman keras. Sebelum tewas mereka diketahui secara bersama-sama melakukan pesta minuman keras.(IAN/Noor Ramadhan dan Eko Sakti)

This post forms the second and final part in our discussion of Hifdh al-Aql and we look at those things which threaten the Intellect from its intended use.

From the Perspective of That Which Threatens al-’Aql
We mentioned earlier that role of the intellect is twofold, personal reflection and collective thought and planning. Anything which threatens al-’Aql is discouraged, prevented and prohibited. Examples of how this is achieved are as follows:

1) Absolute Prohibition of Alcohol, Drugs and Intoxicants
Although the word used in the Qur’an [5:90] khamr, refers specifically to wine, all alcoholic drinks are prohibited in Islamic Law, as are all intoxicating substances. When the Qur’an was revealed wine was the prevalent alcoholic beverage being consumed, so this was addressed specifically. By referring to several Prophetic sayings and using Legal Analogy (Qiyaas) scholars (‘Ulema) are able to extend the ruling to any type of intoxicant, including drugs.

This generalisation is captured in the words of the Prophet (s) who is reported to have said: “Every intoxicant is khamr, and every khamr is prohibited” [Related by Muslim] and furthermore, outlining a broad definition of khamr he (s) said, “Khamr is that which befogs the mind.” [Related by Bukhari]

From this we can understand exactly what khamr is and the reason why it is haram (prohibited). When defining the intellect in the previous post, one of the definitions presented was “a mind’s ability to apply knowledge to a problem-solving situation.” Of course if someone is drunk, this ability is temporarily suspended and they are no longer in control of their actions.

A rebuttal to this can be made by saying that if one drinks a single drop of wine, they are not going to end up in a drunken stupor. That’s obviously true, but this goes back to our discussion in MS06 where we presented the concept of a maqsad dhanni (supposed objective). Saying that the only reason alcohol is prohibited is to protect the intellect is tenuous, which is why we say the objective here is dhanni not qat’ee (certain). Furthermore, as our first mode of understanding the Shari’ah is as “dos“‘ and “don’ts” which all Muslims are obliged to follow, this matter is clarified by the following hadith which also gives us one of the general principles of Islamic Law, “Of that which intoxicates in a large amount, a small amount is prohibited” [Related by Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi].

The prohibition of alcohol in Islam is absolute, rather than just being limited to drinking, the prohbition extends to production, selling, buying, transportation etc, namely all those things which support and maintain its presence in society.

The Prophet Muhammad (s) outlined the comprehensive nature of the Islamic stance on alcohol, “Truly Allah has cursed khamr and has cursed the one who produces it, the one for whom it is produced, the one who drinks it, the one who serves it, the one who carries it, the one for whom it is carried, the one who sells it, the one who earns from the sale of it the one who buys it, and the one for whom it is bought.“ [Related by Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]

As something deemed harmful to the very fabric of society, the laws of the Shari’ah are designed to sever it from the root, in an albeit gradual way, from a financial and economic perspective as outlined in the previous hadith as well as well from a social perspective so that it is considered to be something taboo. On this point, in another hadith the Prophet (s) said: Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day must not sit at a table at which khamr is consumed” [Related by Ahmad and Tirmidhi]. This last issue is one of some confusion and occasionally causes feelings of discomfort amongst Muslims and non-Muslims in Western societies particularly in the workplace where the majority of social activities revolve around the consumption of alcohol.

Due to the practical nature of Islamic Law and God’s intimate knowledge of our innermost desires, the Qur’an does not deny the perceived “benefit” in drinking alcohol, namely the pleasant feeling of relaxing one’s inhibitions. However as beings blessed with the faculty of discernment we are able to weigh up any benefit against the associated harm. Shocking crime statistics as well as the negative impact on one’s health should lead any rational person to conclude that the harm does indeed outweigh the benefit. This very issue is related in the Qur’an: “They ask you concerning wine and gambling. ‘Say: ‘In them is great sin, and some benefit, for men; but the sin is greater than the benefit.’” [Qur'an 2:219]. This verse was revealed before the one mentioned earlier [5:90] which indicates the gradual prohibition of alcohol and the Islamic approach to social change, a fascinating subject in itself, which Insha Allah we will revisit as part of Uloom al-Qur’an.

Although we’ve focused here on alcohol, everything that has been said can be applied to any intoxicating substance, whether it be soft drugs such as marijuana, or hard drugs such as heroine, cocaine etc. no distinction is made. IslamOnline has a good general article on the Islamic stance on drugs and intoxicants here.

2) Prohibition of Harmful Thoughts and Ideas
How can thoughts and ideas threaten our intellect? Previously we discussed the reasons why God blessed us with the faculty of intelligence and that there is a specific role intended for its use. Anything which takes us away from this is deemed a threat and discouraged.

On an individual level we said that one is invited to contemplate on the signs of creation and by this process of reflection, come to know their Lord. As our intellects are inherently limited and dependent on our senses, their use is constrained to reflecting on the creation of God and not about God Himself. As it reaches us from the Prophet (s), “Contemplate upon what Allah has created, and do not contemplate upon Allah, for you will never be able to conceive Him” and in a verse of the Qur’an it states: “There is nothing whatsoever comparable to Him.” [Qur'an 42:11]

As we can never comprehend the person of God, we are not permitted to enter into debates about His Being. It is on this point that some sects in Islamic history erred. This was in some part due to influence from Hellenic philosophy and in some areas this negatively affected the Islamic belief in the Divine. There is never any benefit to be gained by asking questions such as where exactly God is, what He looks like etc. Islamic scholars used to say in response to this, that before asking such questions, realise who you are in relation to God, i.e. a small speck on a miniscule planet in a tiny corner of the universe created by the Supreme Being. As the intellect is the means by which we come to recognise our Creator, the prohibition on such pursuits frees up our minds to focus on what is of benefit both for ourselves and others.

In matters of religion and our dealings with others, there are also areas in which it is not permitted to enter debate and reflection. Recall that the second role of the intellect was to think of and develop ways how we can live our religious and wordly lives as best as possible. If we are saying that we are reflecting on the actual nature of the Religion and whether it and its rulings are needed / relevant / incorrect, then this is prohibited as it is not the intended use of the intellect. The areas we mentioned in the previous post were concerned with working out the best way to apply it in our lives today and not whether parts of it’s core principles need to be changed. Reflection and thought are permissible in the methods by which we can arrive at the best application of the Religion and its laws (Kayfiya) though not in the core substance of the Religion itself (Maahiya).

This may sound harsh but it is in accordance with the intellect’s intended use and is the manifestation of the synergy between faith and reason (Naql and ‘Aql). This is succinctly summarised in the famous saying of one of the Islamic philosophers, “al-Insaanu Hurrun fi ‘Aalam il-Quyood” which translates as “Man is free in a world of chains.” This is not just an Islamic observation, the same point was made by the French Enlightenment philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseu, who noted, “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.“

Conclusion
The intellect or ‘Aql is the means by which we know our Lord and by use of which, a successful human society can be built. It is the unique blessing that separates us from animals and its protection is one of the most important of Islamic objectives.

This protection is achieved by strengthening the intellect through education and using its faculties to improve the lives of humanity in both religious and world spheres. Anything which threatens the intellect, whether temporarily, such as intoxicants or more long term such as ignorance, harmful thoughts and ideas are prohibited.

The next post will Insha Allah look at the next in our list of darooriyaat, al-Nasb (Lineage) and how it is protected and preserved by the Shari’ah.