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	<title>lech-walesa &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/lech-walesa/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "lech-walesa"</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 07 Dec 2009 07:21:09 +0000</pubDate>

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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Most Important Event]]></title>
<link>http://uzar.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/most-important-event/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 06 Dec 2009 19:37:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Raf Uzar</dc:creator>
<guid>http://uzar.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/most-important-event/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Soaring Eagle? It occurred to me that it has been twenty years since Poland regained its freedom way]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_2135" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/orzel-bialy-21.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-2135" title="Soaring Eagle? (c) Tomasz Musiał" src="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/orzel-bialy-21.jpg?w=150" alt="Soaring Eagle?" width="150" height="150" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Soaring Eagle?</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It occurred to me that it has been twenty years since Poland regained its freedom way back in 1989. Twenty years of ‘transformation’ (as Polish people like to call it) have fashioned the country that we now call Poland. I wonder whether everything that has happened over these twenty years is a consequence of the baggage of communism. Could some things have been avoided? Could Poland have taken a different route? Below is a list of (what I think to be) the most important events in Poland of the last twenty years (in chronological order):</p>
<div id="attachment_2136" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/okragly_stol2.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-2136" title="Defining Moment?" src="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/okragly_stol2.jpg?w=150" alt="Defining Moment?" width="150" height="96" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Defining Moment?</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Round Table" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" target="_blank">Round Table Talks</a></strong> (5th April 1989)<strong><br />
</strong>A constant bone of contention between Law and Justice (PiS) and Poland’s other political parties. This is the moment when the communists decide to sit down and discuss with Solidarity the future of Poland.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Rydzyk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Maryja" target="_blank">Rydzyk Radio</a></strong> (9th December 1991)<strong><br />
</strong>Radio Maryja is founded in Toruń. After a mere three years this local Catholic radio station, the patron of which is controversial cleric Father Tadeusz Rydzyk, obtains a licence to broadcast nationally helping it later become the voice of right-wing Polish Catholicism.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Olszewski" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Olszewski" target="_blank">War Upstairs</a></strong> (4th June 1992)<strong><br />
</strong>Jan Olszewski’s weak minority government is toppled by President Lech Wałęsa who, fearing a backlash and possible coup d’etat following Antoni Macierewicz’s much-maligned Vetting Act, decides to put an end to the Olszewski-Kaczyński-Macierewicz madness.</p>
<div id="attachment_2137" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/owsiak1.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-2137" title="Charitable Change?" src="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/owsiak1.jpg?w=150" alt="Charitable Change?" width="150" height="99" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Charitable Change?</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="WOŚP" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WO%C5%9AP" target="_blank">Orchestrating Help</a></strong> (3rd January 1993)<strong><br />
</strong>Jerzy Owsiak sets in motion what will later become the largest and most celebrated charitable event in Polish history. The very first Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity raised $1.5 million, an unprecedented sum in a country new to such events.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Warsaw Pact" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" target="_blank">Russians Leave</a></strong> (17th September 1993)<strong><br />
</strong>In what turns out to be a major coup for Lech Wałęsa and a welcome surprise for Poles, Russian President Boris Yeltsin agrees to the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Poland. In mid September, President Wałęsa bids farewell to the last of the Russian soldiers.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="NATO" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO#Post_Cold_War" target="_blank">Poland Joins NATO</a></strong> (12th March 1999)<strong><br />
</strong>Finally, after years of oppression, Polish people around the world breathe a sigh of relief when Minister of Foreign Affairs Bronisław Geremek signs Poland’s NATO membership agreement.</p>
<div id="attachment_2140" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/flags.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-2140" title="Changing Europe?" src="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/flags.jpg?w=150" alt="Changing Europe?" width="150" height="99" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Changing Europe?</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="EU" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" target="_blank">Poland Joins EU</a></strong> (1st May 2004)<strong><br />
</strong>Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) leader and Prime Minister, Leszek Miller signs the paperwork in April 2003, the referendum takes place in June 2003 and within less than a year, Poland becomes a fully-fledged member of Europe’s finest club.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Funeral" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_of_Pope_John_Paul_II" target="_blank">Death of Hope</a></strong> (2nd April 2005)<strong><br />
</strong>The death of John Paul II marked the end of an era for many. During his papacy he travelled to more countries than any previous Vicar of Rome. For Poles, his death also marked the passing of their chief flag-bearer, spiritual leader and beacon of hope.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Euro 2012" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_2012" target="_blank">Poland Going Euro</a></strong> (18th April 2007)<strong><br />
</strong>Much to the amazement of all concerned, Michel Platini, head of UEFA, announces that the joint bid by Poland and Ukraine to host the European Football Championships in 2012 is victorious. Poland’s future is looking brighter&#8230;</p>
<div id="attachment_2141" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/jerzy_buzek1.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-2141" title="Soaring Higher?" src="http://uzar.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/jerzy_buzek1.jpg?w=150" alt="Soaring Higher?" width="150" height="109" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Soaring Higher?</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong><a title="Buzek" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" target="_blank">Buzek Tops</a></strong> (14th July 2009)<strong><br />
</strong>Former Polish Prime Minister takes the helm of the European Parliament becoming Poland’s first ever President of the European Parliament. Although not a particularly powerful post, it demonstrates Poland’s increasing influence in the EU.</p>
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<div id="_mcePaste" style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;text-align:justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]&#62;  Normal 0     false false false  EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE              MicrosoftInternetExplorer4              &#60;![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]&#62;                                                                                                                                            &#60;![endif]--><!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:"Cambria Math"; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:238; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Calibri; 	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:238; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Tahoma; 	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:238; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-520082689 -1073717157 41 0 66047 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	text-align:justify; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 	{size:595.3pt 841.9pt; 	margin:2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:35.45pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.45pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --><!--[if gte mso 10]&#62; &#60;!   /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:&#34;Table Normal&#34;; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&#34;&#34;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&#34;Calibri&#34;,&#34;sans-serif&#34;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It occurred to me that it has been over twenty years since Poland regained its freedom way back in 1989. Twenty years of ‘transformation’ (as Polish people like to call it) have fashioned the country that we now call Poland. I wonder whether everything that has happened over these twenty years is a consequence of the baggage of communism. Could some things have been avoided? Could Poland have taken a different route?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Some may argue that such questions are always futile and lead to nothing but frustration. I disagree. They may help us re-evaluate the reasons why certain decisions were taken, why leaders, politicians and media personalities did what they did, how this affected society, and how, in the future, we might be able to avoid some of the needless mistakes that were made.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Below is a list of (what I think to be) the most important events in Poland of the last twenty years (in chronological order):</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 1: The Round Table Talks (5<sup>th</sup> April 1989)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A constant bone of contention between Law and Justice (PiS) and seemingly Poland’s other political parties. This was the moment when the communists decided to sit down and discuss with Solidarity the future of Poland.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 2: Rydzyk Radio (9<sup>th</sup> December 1991)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Radio Maryja is founded in Toruń. This local Catholic radio station, the patron of which is controversial cleric Father Tadeusz Rydzyk, obtains a licence to broadcast nationally three years after being founded later becoming the voice of right-wing Polish Catholicism.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 3: The Change Upstairs (4<sup>th</sup> June 1992)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jan Olszewski’s weak minority government is toppled by President Lech Wałęsa who, fearing a backlash and possible coup d’etat following Antoni Macierewicz’s much-maligned Vetting Act, decides to put an end to the Olszewski-Kaczyński-Macierewicz madness.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 4: Orchestrating Help (3<sup>rd</sup> January 1993)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jerzy Owsiak sets in motion what will later become the largest and most celebrated charitable event in Polish history. The very first Great Orchestra of Christmas Help raised $1.5 million, an unprecedented sum in a country new to such events.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 5: Russians Leave (17<sup>th</sup> September 1993)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What turned out to be one Lech Wałęsa’s major coups and much to the joyous surprise of the whole country, Russian President Boris Yelcyn agrees to the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Poland. In mid September, President Wałęsa bids farewell to the last of the Russian soldiers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 6: Poland joins NATO (12<sup>th</sup> March 1999)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Finally, after years of oppression, Polish people around the world breathe a sigh of relief when Minister of Foreign Affairs Bronisław Geremek signs Poland’s NATO membership agreement.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 7: Poland joins the EU (1<sup>st</sup> May 2004)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Left Democratic Alliance (SLD) leader and Prime Minister, Leszek Miller signs the paperwork in April 2003, the referendum takes place in June 2003 and within less than a year, Poland becomes a fully-fledged member of Europe’s finest club.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 8: Death of Hope (2<sup>nd</sup> April 2005)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The death of John Paul II marked the end of an era for many. During his papacy he travelled to more countries than any previous Vicar of Rome. For Poles, his passing marked also the passing of their chief flag-bearer, spiritual leader and beacon of hope.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 9: Poland Going Euro (18<sup>th</sup> April 2007)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Much to the amazement of all concerned, Michel Platini, head of UEFA, announces that the joint bid by Poland and Ukraine to host the European Football Championships in 2012 is victorious. Poland’s future is looking brighter&#8230;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal">Event No. 10: Buzek Tops (14<sup>th</sup> July 2009)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Former Polish Prime Minister takes the helm of the European Parliament becoming Poland’s first ever President of the European Parliament. Although not a particularly powerful post, it demonstrates Poland’s increasing influence in the EU.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[News you may have missed #0198]]></title>
<link>http://intelligencenews.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/01-320/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 10:48:55 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>intelNews</dc:creator>
<guid>http://intelligencenews.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/01-320/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Walesa libel trial over spy claim starts in Poland. A libel trial has started in Poland over allegat]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Walesa libel trial over spy claim starts in Poland. A libel trial has started in Poland over allegat]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Lichtgeschwindigkeit 58]]></title>
<link>http://lichtgeschwindigkeit.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/lichtgeschwindigkeit-58-2/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 22:26:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dietmarmoews</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lichtgeschwindigkeit.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/lichtgeschwindigkeit-58-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Lichtgeschwindigkeit 58 Piraten-Liquid mit Egon Krenz Piraten-Presseschau am Montag, 9./10. November]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Lichtgeschwindigkeit 58 Piraten-Liquid mit Egon Krenz</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Piraten-Presseschau am Montag, 9./10. November 2009, </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">von Dr. Dietmar Moews im Alphons-Silbermann-Zentrum </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Berlin Niederschönhausen; Aufnahmezeit um 2 Uhr; </span></span></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Piratenthema hier: der 33-Tage Papst Giovanni Paolo I. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">starb und der Pole Carol Woytila</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">folgte, mit seiner Mission in Polen öffneten sich die Herzen zur Freiheit </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">und Lech Walesas Solidarnoc brach die Staatsmacht in den Werften, </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">bis Budapest die ungarische Grenze zu Österreich öffnete. Generalsekretär </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">im ZK der SED Egon Krenz entglitt am 13. November 2009 im Zentralkommitee </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">ein Fluch auf Liquid Democracy im SED-Barfußstil, wie das eingespielte </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">O-Tondokument belegt. Die Piraten wollen offen, demokratisch und </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">menschlich sein, dehalb: Soldaten, raus aus Afghanistan. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">So zeigte es auch das Neue Deutschland (der 9. November </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">wäre bei Regen ausgefallen) und die FAZ: Psychiatrisch-kranke </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Soldaten kommen aus dem Krieg zurück. Liquid Democracy und </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">das Ende der DDR vor zwanzig Jahren sowie die zweite Bundesrepublik </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Deutschland, dazu vom 9. November 2009 Bild, Neues Deutschland </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">und die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, ferner das wichtige </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Leitmedium Deutschlandfunk.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Produktion, Performance, Autor, Direktion: Dr. Dietmar Moews; </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Sindbad;"><span style="font-size:small;">Aufnahmetechnik und Admin: Piratencrew Berlin</span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Il muro di ieri, le testimonianze di oggi, le paure del domani. ]]></title>
<link>http://yleniacitino.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/il-muro-di-ieri-le-testimonianze-di-oggi-le-paure-del-domani/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:35:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Redazione</dc:creator>
<guid>http://yleniacitino.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/il-muro-di-ieri-le-testimonianze-di-oggi-le-paure-del-domani/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Non poteva andare meglio la trasferta a Berlino dei giovani del coordinamento romano di Giovane Ital]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Non poteva andare meglio la trasferta a Berlino dei giovani del coordinamento romano di Giovane Ital]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[In The End, Fall Of Berlin Wall Was Gorbachev's Call]]></title>
<link>http://bbvm.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/in-the-end-fall-of-berlin-wall-was-gorbachevs-call/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 06:31:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>BBVM</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bbvm.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/in-the-end-fall-of-berlin-wall-was-gorbachevs-call/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Twenty years ago, the world was transfixed by images of spirited Germans clambering on top of the fo]]></description>
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<td><a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120188545&#38;ft=1&#38;f=1004" target="_blank"> <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg/225px-Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg" alt="" width="225" height="228" /></a></td>
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<p>Twenty years ago, the world was transfixed by images of spirited Germans  	clambering on top of the forbidding 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall" target="_blank">Berlin  	Wall</a> and beginning to dismantle its legacy with each swing of their  	pickaxes and hammers.</p>
<p>The events of Nov. 9, 1989 — the day the wall fell — became the primary  	symbol of renewal and rebirth for all of Eastern Europe.</p>
<p>But historians who are reviewing formerly classified documents and  	materials from the period say the events of Nov. 9 looked very different at  	the time.</p>
<p>&#8220;Looking back, we feel the happiness and the joy,&#8221; says <strong>Thomas  	Blanton</strong>, who runs the 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Archive" target="_blank"> National Security Archive</a> at 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University" target="_blank"> George Washington University</a>. &#8220;We&#8217;re so far away from the real anxiety  	and fear of the speed of change.&#8221;</p>
<p>Blanton and his colleagues have been working to assemble a massive  	collection of internal government documents from the United States, Western  	Europe and the former 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_bloc" target="_blank">Soviet  	bloc</a>. Their book, <em><strong>&#8216;Masterpieces of History&#8217;: The Peaceful  	End of the Cold War in Europe 1989</strong></em>, is scheduled to be  	published early next year, but some of the key documents are being released  	early on <a href="http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/" target="_blank">the group&#8217;s  	Web site.</a></p>
<p>The wall&#8217;s fall is remembered in the United States as a triumph of U.S.  	diplomacy and the administration of 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" target="_blank"> George H. W. Bush</a> over Soviet leader 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" target="_blank"> Mikhail Gorbachev</a>. But Blanton says the documents tell a different  	story.</p>
<p>&#8220;The United States was in many ways peripheral to the events,&#8221; he says.  	&#8220;There is a profound sense of the missed opportunities of the period when  	Gorbachev was at the height of his powers.&#8221;</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<p>With many senior U.S. officials still deeply skeptical about whether  	Gorbachev&#8217;s political and economic reforms were for real, events were driven  	more by bold reformers in Eastern Europe and a Soviet regime that made a  	conscious decision to support the opening up of its longtime satellite  	states, documents collected by the National Security Archive reveal.</p>
<p>At the time, one of the biggest questions in the West was whether Soviet  	or East German security forces would use force to put down a series of  	demonstrations that had been building in East Germany.</p>
<p>This question became particularly urgent as thousands of East Germans  	converged on border crossings on the night of Nov. 9. They began to gather  	after the government in East Berlin made an ambiguous announcement that  	travel restrictions would be loosened immediately.</p>
<p><strong>Soviets Never Contemplated Show Of Force</strong></p>
<p>But <strong>Svetlana Savranskaya</strong>, a Soviet historian and analyst  	at the National Security Archive, says that for Moscow, at least, there  	never was any consideration of using violent measures. As far back as 1986,  	Gorbachev, whose formal title was general secretary of the <strong>Communist  	Party</strong>, formally told the 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Politburo" target="_blank"> Soviet Politburo</a> that he would not support using force against  	demonstrators.</p>
<p>&#8220;With all the documents we&#8217;ve seen, there is not a single indication that  	any senior security, military or political official even raised the issue,&#8221;  	Savranskaya says. &#8220;If the general secretary already said it was off the  	table, they would have been concerned about their careers if they raised the  	issue.&#8221;</p>
<p>In fact, the Soviet leadership almost welcomed the events in Berlin,  	which had followed months of refugee crises in Eastern Europe.</p>
<p>Hungary, with explicit permission from Moscow, had opened its border with  	Austria in August, sending thousands of East German tourists into  	long-forbidden countries. Czechoslovakia later followed suit.</p>
<p>&#8220;For the Soviets, when the wall came down, it was just another border  	opening up,&#8221; says Savranskaya. &#8220;They just wanted to keep it peaceful.&#8221;</p>
<p>Earlier in the day on Nov. 9, the Politburo was meeting, but the topic of  	East Germany never came up, according to the records. Instead, officials  	were more focused on events inside the Soviet Union, particularly burgeoning  	independence movements in the restive Baltic States and Georgia.</p>
<p>When the wall fell that night, Gorbachev wasn&#8217;t even awakened by his  	advisers. The next day, the Politburo did not bother to hold an emergency  	meeting.</p>
<p>Gorbachev&#8217;s foreign affairs adviser, <strong>Anatoly Chernyaev</strong>,  	recorded the moment in his diary.</p>
<p>&#8220;The Berlin Wall has collapsed. This entire era in the history of the  	socialist system is over,&#8221; he wrote. &#8220;Today we received messages about the  	retirement of [China's] 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaopeng" target="_blank">Deng  	Xiaopeng</a> and [Bulgaria's] 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov" target="_blank">Todor  	Zhivkov</a>. Only our &#8216;best friends&#8217; 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro" target="_blank">Fidel  	Castro</a>, [Romania's) 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceausescu" target="_blank"> Nicolae Ceausescu</a>, and [North Korea's] 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" target="_blank">Kim Il  	Sung</a> are still around — people who hate our guts.&#8221;</p>
<p>Savranskaya says that Soviet leaders had decided that closer integration  	with Europe was the only solution for their deep economic woes. For this to  	happen, Eastern Europe had to be opened up.</p>
<p>In his diary entry, Chernyaev remarkably goes on to praise Gorbachev for  	his role in the events in Berlin. &#8220;This is the end of 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalta" target="_blank">Yalta</a>, the 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalinist" target="_blank">Stalinist</a> legacy, and the &#8216;defeat of 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler%27s_Germany" target="_blank"> Hitlerlite Germany</a>,&#8217;&#8221; he writes. &#8220;This is what Gorbachev has done. And  	he has indeed turned out to be a great leader. He has sensed the pace of  	history and helped history find a natural channel.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>In Washington, Anxiety And A Muted Response</strong></p>
<p>By contrast, the reaction of the Bush administration in Washington was  	muted. In a press conference, Bush was even asked why he wasn&#8217;t more elated.  	&#8220;I am not an emotional kind of guy,&#8221; he responded.</p>
<p>But privately, Bush had been worried for several months that &#8220;things were  	moving too fast,&#8221; Blanton says.</p>
<p>In a revealing telephone conversation on Nov. 10, German leader 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" target="_blank">Helmut  	Kohl</a> was gushing about the previous night&#8217;s events. &#8220;It is like  	witnessing an enormous fair,&#8221; he told Bush, according to notes taken by  	Robert Gates, the current defense secretary and then a member of the White  	House staff. &#8220;It has the atmosphere of a festival.&#8221;</p>
<p>Bush&#8217;s reaction was noticeably cautious. &#8220;I want to see our people  	continue to avoid especially hot rhetoric that might by mistake cause a  	problem,&#8221; he said to Kohl. &#8220;I&#8217;m proud of the way you&#8217;re handling an  	extraordinarily difficult problem.&#8221;</p>
<p>The United States wasn&#8217;t the only country worried about how quickly  	events were moving.</p>
<p>On the morning of Nov. 9, Kohl was in Warsaw to meet with 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Walesa" target="_blank">Lech  	Walesa</a>, the Polish opposition leader.</p>
<p>The German account of the meeting reveals that Walesa, despite his own  	efforts to oust the 	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Communist_Party" target="_blank"> Polish Communist Party</a>, saw the developments in East Germany as &#8220;deeply  	dangerous.&#8221;</p>
<p>Walesa tells Kohl that he is worried that West Germany will be too  	distracted by events in East Germany and will end up neglecting Polish  	reform efforts. He goes on to wonder whether the wall will still be standing  	in one or two weeks.</p>
<p>Later that night, the wall was breached.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Herman Van Rompuy]]></title>
<link>http://dorisbrazil.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/herman-van-rampuy/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:56:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Doris</dc:creator>
<guid>http://dorisbrazil.wordpress.com/2009/11/18/herman-van-rampuy/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Herman Van Who? Herman Van Belgium Prime Minister of course, and he&#8217;s favourite to become Euro]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style="color:#666699;"><a href="http://dorisbrazil.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/herman1.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-198" src="http://dorisbrazil.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/herman1.jpg?w=112" alt="" width="112" height="150" /></a>Herman Van Who? Herman Van Belgium Prime Minister of course, and he&#8217;s favourite to become Europe&#8217;s first Prime Minister. Based on nothing at all he already gets my vote over Tony WOMD Blair but surely, with a population of 500 million to draw upon, we can do better than this pair. Has anyone even bothered to ask Michael Caine? Perhaps I am a little biased when it comes to the next Mr Brazil, I&#8217;m not even sure how interested he is in politics, but plenty of other  names spring to mind. Terry Wogan would be good. Gary Lineker would be popular with the youth of Europe. Flo thinks that Kevin McCloud would do well; he has a certain rakish charm. If we&#8217;re looking beyond these shores then Julio Iglesias is a definite possible. And if it is some political acumen that you&#8217;re looking for, then fill your boots with Lech Walesa, Poland&#8217;s very own Ricky Tomlinson and former Prime Minister. At 66 he&#8217;s a full three years younger than the actor Michael Gambon  although that&#8217;s irrelevant; nobody would take Michael Gambon seriously as European President. </span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mur Berlinski - "upadek" inaczej...]]></title>
<link>http://gegenjay.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/mur-berlinski-upadek-inaczej/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:34:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kilogram13</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gegenjay.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/mur-berlinski-upadek-inaczej/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[(bibula.com) Niby już wszystko wiadomo, bo przecież zgodnie z zatwierdzoną i przez starszych i mądrz]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>(bibula.com)</p>
<p>Niby już wszystko wiadomo, bo przecież zgodnie z zatwierdzoną i przez starszych i mądrzejszych podaną mniej wartościowemu narodowi tubylczemu do wierzenia legendą, komunizm obalił Lech Wałęsa, skacząc przez płot – ale co i rusz pojawiają się niespodzianki. Na przykład – 20 rocznica obalenia muru berlińskiego. To dopiero była rewolucja – ale rewolucja po niemiecku, a rewolucję po niemiecku opisał w swoim czasie Julian Tuwim: „<em>W szkołach rozdano dzieciom „<em>Paketchen</em>”, a w tych Paketchen Fritzl i Gretchen znaleźli bombkę i chorągiewkę, rewolucyjny wierszyk i śpiewkę, trzy proklamacje, notesik, wstążkę i do wyboru maleńką książkę: Warum bin ich ein Sozialist lub Handbuch fur kleinen Anarchist (…) Begeisterung – prima! I władza w zapale w czerwone odświętne przybrana kokardki, ludności dynamit dawała na kartki (przy każdej karteczce był plan demonstracji)</em>”. Jak pamiętamy, burzenie muru rozpoczęło się, kiedy 9 listopada 1989 roku o godzinie 19.00 członek KC SED Gunter Schabowski, „<em>przez pomyłkę</em>” ogłosił otwarcie granicy z RFN. W trzy godziny później tłum „<em>spontanicznie</em>” zaczął „<em>burzyć</em>” mur – co pokazały telewizje.</p>
<p>Inne tłumy atakowały siedziby STASI. Jakie tłumy? A jakież by, jeśli nie tłumy konfidentów, którzy liczyli na to, że wszystkie akta spontanicznie spalą i w ten sposób unikną dekonspiracji? Niestety aż tak dobrze nie poszło, bo np. dokumentacja operacji „<em>Rosenholz</em>”, dotycząca deputowanych do zachodnioniemieckiego Bundestagu (spośród 556 deputowanych 305 było zarejestrowanych przez STASI) została przechwycona przez CIA – być może w ramach przysług, jakie sowiecka razwiedka wyświadczała razwiedce amerykańskiej. Więc z okazji 20 rocznicy i generału Wojciechu Jaruzelskiemu i rosyjskiemu premierowi Włodzimierzowi Putinowi przypomniało się, jak to obalali komunizm. Widocznie musiał paść rozkaz, żeby sobie przypominać, no i stąd ta fala wspomnień.</p>
<p>Generał Wojciech Jaruzelski w wywiadzie dla włoskiej „<em>La Repubblica</em>” opowiada, jak to w sekrecie spiskował z Michałem Gorbaczowem gwoli obalenia komunizmu. Najtrudniej podobnież było z generałami, ale generał Jaruzelski i tutaj sobie poradził. „<em>Pomogłem mu (tj. Gorbaczowowi – SM) uspokoić wojskowych zaniepokojonych zmierzchem imperium. Zapewnić ich, że to leży w interesie świata.</em>” No proszę! – „<em>w interesie świata!</em>” A przecież żyją jeszcze ludzie pamiętający, jak to generał Jaruzelski nam klarował, iż „<em>w interesie świata</em>” i to tym najżywotniejszym leży, żeby imperium sowieckie nie tylko przetrwało, ale w dodatku „<em>ogarnęło ludzki ród</em>”! Najwyraźniej ruskim generałom generał Jaruzelski mówił co innego, a nam, tubylcom – co innego.</p>
<p>Ale mniejsza już o to, chociaż oczywiście ciekawe byłoby sprawdzić, w którą wersję generał Jaruzelski sam wierzył: czy w „<em>generalską</em>”, czy w „<em>cywilną</em>”. Znacznie ciekawsze jest bowiem to, czym generał Jaruzelski n a p r a w d ę przekonał sowieckich marszałów – o ile oczywiście tego wszystkiego nie zmyśla, żeby wykonać jeszcze i ten rozkaz nieśmiertelnej Centrali. Jestem pewien, że gdyby zaczął im opowiadać o „<em>interesie świata</em>”, to długo nie czekając oddaliby go w ręce wraczów, jako podejrzanego o sławną „<em>schizofrenię bezobjawową</em>” i zamiast na stolcu tubylczego prezydenta w prywiślińskiej Warszawie, znalazłby się w jakimś zapomnianym przez Boga i ludzi politizolatorze.</p>
<p>Pewne światło na tę prawdopodobna argumentację rzucają protokoły rozmów Jacka Kuronia z płk Janem Lesiakiem, za którego pośrednictwem Jacek Kuroń, dziś santo subito, przedstawił ówczesnemu hegemonowi na tubylczej politycznej scenie, czyli wojskowej razwiedce, ofertę transformacji ustrojowej. Oferta wydestylowana z tych rozmów wyglądała tak, że jeśli razwiedka pomoże „<em>nam</em>” w oczyszczeniu podziemia z „<em>ekstremy</em>”, to „<em>my</em>” zagwarantujemy razwiedce zachowanie pozycji społecznej w nowych warunkach ustrojowych – oraz pozycji materialnej. A w imieniu jakiego środowiska przemawiał Jacek Kuroń? Ano – w imieniu „<em>lewicy laickiej</em>”, której był wybitnym przedstawicielem, czyli – dawnych stalinowców, którzy obrazili się na partię, tworząc jeden z nurtów demokratycznej opozycji i której wrogiem a co najmniej – politycznym konkurentem była „<em>ekstrema</em>”, czyli nurt opozycji niepodległościowej.</p>
<p>Dlaczego „<em>lewicy laickiej</em>” zależało na monopolu na reprezentowanie wobec razwiedki „<em>strony społecznej</em>” – to osobna sprawa, ale generał Jaruzelski, przyjmując tę ofertę, jako podstawę porozumienia okrągłego stołu, mógł zapewnić sowieckich marszałów, że nie ma czego się obawiać, że jest bezpiecznie tym bardziej, że akta tych wszystkich płomiennych bojowników o demokrację stanowią wystarczającą gwarancję ich lojalności. Chodzi tylko o to, żeby i oni postarali się wylansować sobie jakichś porządnych dysydentów i wszystko będzie jak dawniej, a nawet – jeszcze lepiej. Na stary komunizm moskiewski nikt już nie da ani centa, podczas gdy na „<em>demokrację</em>” – aaa, to co innego! Coś takiego mogło rzeczywiście marszałów przekonać, bo przecież oni też chcieli mieć swoje latyfundia i kremle, pozakładać stare rodziny i tak dalej – a z tego punktu widzenia bolszewickie pryncypia musiały budzić w nich odrazę.</p>
<p>To dopiero są konkrety, a nie jakiś tam „<em>interes świata</em>” – czort z nim! Więc nawet w Bułgarii tamtejsze MSW znalazło Franciszkowi Mitterrandowi „<em>dysydenta śniadaniowego</em>” w osobie późniejszego prezydenta Żeliu Żelewa, a ponieważ w Rumunii nawet i taki się nie znalazł, to w roli opozycji musiała wystąpić Securitate i wojsko. Oczywiście generał Jaruzelski prawdy nam nie powie, to trudno i darmo, ale warto zwrócić uwagę, że skoro zebrało mu się akurat na takie wspomnienia, to nieomylny to znak, iż Centrala postanowiła skorygować dotychczasowe legendy legendami nowymi. To z kolei znaczy, że po ratyfikacji lizbony wkraczamy w nowy etap, na którym obowiązują nowe mądrości.</p>
<p><strong><em>Stanisław Michalkiewicz</em></strong></p>
<p>Felieton  <strong>•</strong> tygodnik „Nasza Polska”  <strong>•</strong> 17 listopada 2009</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Retour sur la fête de la liberté de Berlin]]></title>
<link>http://russiactuprime.com/2009/11/13/retour-sur-la-fete-de-la-liberte-de-berlin/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 09:12:02 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Jérémy Felkowski</dc:creator>
<guid>http://russiactuprime.com/2009/11/13/retour-sur-la-fete-de-la-liberte-de-berlin/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Vingt ans sont déjà passés depuis la chute du Mur de Berlin. C&#8217;est entre la flamme du souvenir]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="Festivités à la Porte de Brandebourg" src="http://www.tsr.ch/xobix_media/images/tsr/2009/swisstxt20091109_11472064_5.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="270" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Vingt ans sont déjà passés depuis la chute du Mur de Berlin. C&#8217;est entre la </strong></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>flamme</strong></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong> du souvenir et l&#8217;espoir de l&#8217;avenir, que l&#8217;Allemagne a célébré, lundi 9 novembre, cette date anniversaire.</strong></span></span></span></em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Dans la capitale allemande,ni le froid glacial, ni la pluie, n&#8217;ont pu éteindre l&#8217;étincelle de la joie populaire. Unis au nom de la liberté et de la paix, de nombreux dirigeants internationaux s&#8217;étaient joints à la chancelière Angela Merkel pour commémorer l&#8217;effondrement du </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>«Mur»</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Les cérémonies officielles ont commencé au milieu de l&#8217;après-midi, quand Mme Merkel a franchi le pont de la Bornholmer Strasse (ancien point de passage entre l&#8217;Est et l&#8217;Ouest), accompagnée de </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Mikhaïl Gorbatchev et Lech Walesa</span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">. </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">La soirée de fête s&#8217;est tenue </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">devant la Porte de Brandebourg. Elle </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">s&#8217;est ouverte par un concert  de l&#8217;orchestre du </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>Staatsoper Berlin</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"> sous la direction de l&#8217;Israelo-Argentin Daniel Barenboïm.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Une fois les discours officiels terminés, l&#8217;ex-dirigeant polonais Lech Walesa a ravivé les esprits en basculant le premier d&#8217;un millier de dominos en polystyrène, décorés spécialement pour l&#8217;occasion par des artistes internationaux. Leur chute en cascade symbolisant la fin d&#8217;une ère: celle de la guerre froide et du communisme. La soirée s&#8217;est conclue par un concert du chanteur Bon Jovi. </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>La paix au sommet de ce grand rendez-vous</strong></span></span></span></em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8220;La liberté n&#8217;advient pas d&#8217;elle-même(…)elle doit être conquise et défendue&#8221;; voici comment la chancelière allemande a résumé 20 ans d&#8217;histoire de son pays, depuis le 9 novembre 1989. </em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">De son côté, Nicolas sarkozy a estimé que</span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em> </em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8220;la chute du mur de Berlin sonne aujourd’hui comme un appel pour nous tous à abattre les murs qui, à travers le monde, divisent encore des villes, des territoires, des peuples&#8221;. &#8221;</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>wir sind  Brüder, wir sind Berliner&#8221; (&#8220;nous sommes frères, nous sommes allemands&#8221;)</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">,  a-t-il conclu. </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Son homologue russe, Dmitri Medvedev, a plaidé pour un </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8220;monde nouveau et meilleur&#8221; </em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">en  serrant </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8221;les coudes contre le terrorisme&#8221;, </em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">et en surmontant </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8221;ensemble la crise qui nous touche&#8221;. </em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Hillary Clinton a </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">décrit l&#8217;effondrement du Mur comme &#8220;un matin nouveau qui a éclos dans les ténèbres de l&#8217;histoire&#8221;. </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">L</span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">e premier ministre britannique, Gordon Brown, a lui, appelé à </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8220;la fin de la prolifération nucléaire, de la pauvreté extrême et de la catastrophe climatique&#8221;. </em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em> </em></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Les discours des chefs d&#8217;Etats et de gouvernements posent un nouveau regard sur cette date symbolique, et plaident pour le retour de la paix dans le monde. Et comme le disait le journaliste québécois, René Lévesque: </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8216;&#8217;s</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>i l&#8217;histoire passée est fixée à jamais, l&#8217;histoire à venir est toujours à faire&#8221;. </em></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>L&#8217;Europe au rendez-vous, 20 ans après la chute du Mur</strong></span></span></span></em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Les capitales européennes ont respiré un vent de liberté, lundi 9 novembre, à  l’occasion du 20ème anniversaire de l&#8217;écroulement du « Mur de la Honte »</span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">.</span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"> Un évènement historique marqué par une multitude de  cérémonies.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">A </span></span></span><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Paris</strong></span></span></span></em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">, un spectacle, fêtant cette date anniversaire, a eu lieu sur la place de la Concorde, en présence du Premier ministre français, François Fillon. </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Vingt-sept violoncellistes européens ont joué sur des stèles symbolisant des fragments du Mur.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">A </span></span></span><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Londres</strong></span></span></span></em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">, le Goethe-Institut a organisé une exposition de photographies de Norbert Enker, accompagnée d&#8217;une projection vidéo, diffusant des archives de télévisions qui datent de 1989.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">A </span></span></span><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Rome</strong></span></span></span></em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">, une installation multimédia, accompagnée d&#8217;une projection de films, était prévue sur l&#8217;escalier de la Trinité des Monts, en plein centre ville. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">A </span></span></span><em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Varsovie</strong></span></span></span></em><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">, un </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>&#8220;Mur de Berlin&#8221;</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"> a été peint, et ensuite détruit, par des étudiants, à l&#8217;initiative de la fondation pro-européenne Robert Schuman. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em><strong>Malek Srioui</strong></em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Chile: Amplia repercusion del 20 aniversario de la caida del muro de Berlin]]></title>
<link>http://cubaout.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/chile-repercusion-muro-berlin/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:04:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cubaout</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cubaout.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/chile-repercusion-muro-berlin/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[En Chile, la conmemoración del 20 Aniversario de la caida del Muro de berlin ha tenido amplia reperc]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[En Chile, la conmemoración del 20 Aniversario de la caida del Muro de berlin ha tenido amplia reperc]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Bringing down the walls]]></title>
<link>http://insidegreece.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/bringing-down-the-walls/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 21:21:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nickmalkoutzis</dc:creator>
<guid>http://insidegreece.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/bringing-down-the-walls/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Illustration by Manos Symeonakis It’s one of life’s great ironies that the people who would derive m]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_140" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 328px"><a href="http://xpresspapier.blogspot.com/"><img class="size-full wp-image-140  " title="Willy_FLAG_C" src="http://insidegreece.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/willy_flag_c.jpg" alt="Illustration by Manos Symeonakis" width="318" height="345" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Illustration by Manos Symeonakis</p></div>
<p>It’s one of life’s great ironies that the people who would derive most satisfaction from anniversary celebrations are rarely around to enjoy them. So, while German Chancellor Angela Merkel took ex-Polish President Lech Walesa and former Russian leader Mikhail Gorbachev by the hand for a walk through a unified Berlin on Monday to mark 20 years since the fall of the Wall, several key figures were absent.</p>
<p>Late US President John F. Kennedy, who made it clear that America would stand by West Berlin with his “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech in 1963 is an obvious absentee. But perhaps the person that would have enjoyed Monday’s proceedings most was a man who shared the platform with Kennedy on that June afternoon: the late mayor of West Berlin and subsequent Chancellor of Germany Willy Brandt.</p>
<p>Brandt was one of the architects behind the wall’s collapse. As mayor he ensured his city was a beacon of freedom, as chancellor he used this freedom to unite people. Upon being elected West German leader in 1969, he embarked on a policy of “Ostpolitik,” which sought closer relations with East Germany, the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries. While some of his compatriots and many in the West saw this as appeasement of totalitarian regimes, Brandt realized that bringing people closer together would help obliterate the barriers, the walls, between them.</p>
<p>One of Brandt’s defining moments came in 1970 when he spontaneously knelt at a memorial to victims of the Second World War’s Warsaw Ghetto uprising. The gesture didn’t go down well with some Germans but won him many friends in Poland. “His courage was his biggest political asset, his greatest personal characteristic, and was based on deep moral and political convictions,” says Jens Bastian, senior economic research fellow for southeast Europe at ELIAMEP (Hellenic Foundation for Foreign and European Policy). “Such politicians don&#8217;t grow on trees, neither in Germany, nor in Greece.”</p>
<p>Brandt’s gesture in Warsaw sent a clear message: we must embrace our past but not let it hold us back. &#8220;The future will not be mastered by those who dwell on the past,&#8221; he said. His comment came to mind this week when switching attention from events in Berlin to those in Greece, where politicians like Brandt certainly don’t grow on trees. Anyone looking at Greece would gain the impression of a country condemned to live in the past rather than looking to the future.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-146" title="10_okv_" src="http://insidegreece.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/page_10.jpg" alt="10_okv_" width="450" height="552" />The dispute at the port of Piraeus, for example, had on the one side the dockworkers behaving like extras in the Marlon Brando classic “On the Waterfront,” while on the other a government treading on eggshells for fear of triggering a popular revolution &#8211; scenes of industrial relations from a bygone era.</p>
<p>At least in the case of the police, Citizens’ Protection Minister Michalis Chrysochoidis was honest enough to admit that the force is “stuck in the 1950s” as he announced a raft of changes. These came as officers made plans for policing the November 17 protest march that marks the 1973 student uprising against the junta. The event epitomizes how Greeks are so obsessed with the past that they want to keep recreating it: each generation of students feels they have to prove themselves like those of 1973 and even teenagers will talk about an oppressive state when they live in what is possibly the most anarchic country in the European Union.</p>
<p>But even if they want to escape the past, they can’t. The media fuel this obsession with history. They say journalism is the first draft of history but in Greece the media serve as history’s photocopying machine, constantly rehashing, regurgitating and reheating the events of the past through features, supplements and DVDs.</p>
<p>At the center of this historical vortex is the country’s political scene. As the New Democracy leadership contest between Dora Bakoyannis and Antonis Samaras becomes closer, what divides them is not the direction in which they will take the country but what happened in the past – namely, Samaras’s decision to quit the ND government in the early 1990s when Bakoyannis’s father was prime minister.</p>
<p>It’s ironic that Greece’s hopes for breaking the chains of history currently rest with George Papandreou, who wouldn’t even be in this position were it not for the legacy of his father and grandfather. Papandreou is no Willy Brandt but following in the German’s footsteps might prevent Greece from slipping further into history’s quicksand. “Brandt&#8217;s idea of democratic renewal after he took office in 1969 was to “dare democracy&#8221;, in other words to make West German society more tolerant, open, accountable and democratic,” says Bastian.</p>
<p>George Papandreou’s domestic agenda also reflects a desire for more openness. There are similarities in foreign policy as well. “Papandreou’s openings toward Turkey and Skopje are a reflection of his intention to exit from the past, to understand the past, but not be tied by it,” said Bastian. “In other words, Papandreou&#8217;s version of Ostpolitik is his foreign policy courage in Greece&#8217;s immediate neighborhood &#8211; the Balkans, Cyprus and Turkey.”</p>
<p>Papandreou’s efforts to achieve transparency may be arriving a quarter of a century after Gorbachev’s “Glasnost” and his attempts at rapprochement may be a pale imitation of Brandt’s risky diplomacy but they give the impression of the first, tentative steps toward changing the course of history.</p>
<p>Looking back on the fall of the Berlin Wall 20 years later, it might appear that it had been inevitable, but that’s just a trick that time plays on us. The Wall’s collapse was more revolution than evolution. As German daily Die Welt wrote on Monday: “The Wall didn’t fall, it was brought down.”</p>
<p>The walls that hold Greece back won’t fall on their own, they too must be brought down. Papandreou has the task of toppling them. We can only hope he has Brandt’s strength of conviction and that he will finally be the one to master the future rather than dwell on the past.</p>
<p><strong>This commentary was written by Nick Malkoutzis and first appeared in Athens Plus on November 13, 2009.</strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[La caída del Comunismo y el insostenible socialismo]]></title>
<link>http://robertorj.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/la-caida-del-comunismo-y-el-insostenible-socialismo/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:58:22 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Roberto Rodrigo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://robertorj.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/la-caida-del-comunismo-y-el-insostenible-socialismo/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Veinte años después de 1989 los alemanes, Europa y el mundo celebra la caída del muro de Berlín. El ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://robertorj.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/clones091109.jpg"></a><a href="http://robertorj.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/clones0911091.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-598" title="clones091109" src="http://robertorj.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/clones0911091.jpg?w=300" alt="clones091109" width="300" height="173" /></a>Veinte años después de 1989 los alemanes, Europa y el mundo celebra la caída del muro de Berlín. El 9 de noviembre de 1989, el régimen criminal comunista de la República Democrática Alemana (RDA) había llegado a su fin. El régimen totalitario y criminal soviético impuesto en toda la Europa Central tras el nazismo se había derrumbado.</p>
<p>Las palabras que hubo en el emotivo acto que se vivió en Berlín hacían referencia a la frase en la que Don Quijote le habla de la libertad a Sancho y le dice que por ella hay que ser capaz de darlo todo incluso la vida. Y cuantas vidas han caído con el comunismo…</p>
<p>Alemania es la nación que ha padecido con más intensidad el fascismo nazi y el comunismo soviético. El nazismo fue un horror que despedazó las libertades y condujo a este país a la debacle de la Guerra Mundial. El comunismo fue aún peor y más largo. Sumió además en la miseria a uno de los pueblos más ricos del mundo y levantó en la capital alemana un muro de vergüenza y opresión para evitar la sangría de las fugas del este hacia el oeste. Hay que celebrar por lo tanto derrumbe del muro y la caída del comunismo.</p>
<p>Los artífices de este acontecimiento histórico fueron los ciudadanos bajo los gobiernos conservadores de Kohl en Alemania, Thatcher en Inglaterra o Reagan en EE.UU., Lech Walesa en Polonia y la inestimable colaboración del Papa Juan Pablo II.</p>
<p><!--more-->Durante setenta años en la URSS y cincuenta en sus estados vasallos se jugaron libertad y vida y muchas veces perdieron las dos. Millones de cadáveres y muchas decenas de millones de seres humanos enterrados en vida en regímenes opresores son el único legado de la aventura criminal que en principio creímos enterrada aquel nueve de noviembre. Países como Cuba, China, Corea del Norte, Venezuela, Bolivia o Ecuador aún siguen sumidos unos en regímenes dictatoriales y otros en totalitarios.</p>
<p>Cuanto deseo que llegue el día en que pronunciar las palabras dictadura y totalitarismo solamente hagan mera referencia a la historia y no al presente y más que yo las personas que sufren estos regímenes todos los días. La discriminación, la desigualdad, la supervivencia diaria, la censura y el crimen son algunas palabras que van unidas a estos sistemas políticos.</p>
<p>Como muy bien decía una carta enviada al director del periódico El Mundo “El muro no cayó, lo derribaron” y añade “el muro no cayó, lo derribaron los demócratas y lo que realmente cayó fue el comunismo en Europa”.  Lo más vil, criminal y rastrero es que todas las barbaridades que hizo el comunismo lo hizo en nombre de las grandes palabras: democracia popular, dictadura del proletariado, igualdad… todo mentiras e injusticias.</p>
<p>Una buena interpretación de 1989 la dio el economista y socialista americano Robert Heilbroner, que ese mismo año, en un artículo en el New Yorker, afirmaba: “Menos de 75 años después de que oficialmente comenzara la lucha entre capitalismo y socialismo, el socialismo está acabado y el capitalismo ha ganado… El capitalismo organiza los asuntos materiales de la humanidad más satisfactoriamente que el socialismo”. Y poco más tarde escribirá: “Las libertades democráticas no han aparecido sino esporádicamente en ninguna nación que se haya declarado anticapitalista”.</p>
<p>Algo que me explico es que el puñado sectario de comunistas españoles digan en su Congreso que no tienen nada de que arrepentirse del comunismo. Para ellos, su miserable idea vale más que la vida y los sufrimientos de millones de seres humanos. Y que el presidente del Gobierno dijera que el hundimiento del comunismo era equiparable a la muerte del dictador Franco supone un insulto y una trivialización de los crímenes comunistas en Europa que produce náuseas y es propio de un ignorante que no entiende ni sabe de historia.</p>
<p>No estaría de más recordar al presidente Zapatero que él y su Gobierno mantienen complicidad con Fidel Castro, con Hugo Chávez, con Evo Morales, Rafael Correa o Daniel Ortega. Cuba es de lo poco que queda del comunismo soviético y la isla entera se ha convertido en un muro como el de Berlín. Los cubanos escapan del paraíso castrista como pueden, en pateras, cayucos o lanchas improvisadas arriesgando su vida y en muchas ocasiones la pierden. Pero aún quedan algunos desalmados que piensan que los derechos humanos en estos países se cumplen.</p>
<p>Ya hay que ser cínico para con la mano derecha encender una vela en el Muro de Berlín y con la izquierda otra en la Cuba de los dictadores hermanos Castro, que tiranizan al pueblo cubano desde hace 50 años. Mientras que Fidel erradica las libertades en Cuba, ciudadanos como los alemanes, rusos, húngaros, polacos, checos, búlgaros o rumanos empezaron a liberarse del comunismo hace ahora veinte años, fecha  que señala el fin del siglo XX y el comienzo del siglo XXI.</p>
<p>Pero España también tiene su propio muro particular. Está atravesada por una crisis internacional que gracias al desgobierno socialista se ha transformado en una crisis interna. Una crisis tanto económica como institucional en la que el capitán Zapatero del barco ha  ordenado un rumbo incierto con destino a encallar. En el que el contramaestre ha mandado alzar unas velas rotas y desgastadas que no nos dejan avanzar. En el que los oficiales nunca han sido marinos. Y en el que los tripulantes no damos crédito a la incompetencia absoluta del gobernante de la nave.</p>
<p>¿Es sostenible que en pleno siglo XXI, tras la caída del comunismo o del socialismo soviético, aún algunos sigan levantando el brazo puño cerrado y cantando La Internacional a semejanza del más cruel y criminal régimen comunista? ¿Es esto lógico? ¿Quien quiere que nos gobierne un partido que continúa con el mismo discurso de hace 70 años y parte de ese discurso procede del régimen comunista?</p>
<p>Creo que nos encontramos en la época de la batalla de las ideas, de los valores, de los principios y de las libertades.</p>
<p>Quiero acabar con unas palabras de, en mi opinión, el mejor presidente que ha pasado por este país José María Aznar: &#8220;Yo soy optimista porque confío en la fuerza de la gente libre y en la capacidad de las sociedades libres. Creo en el libre mercado, porque ha traído más prosperidad, riqueza y ha reducido más la pobreza que en cualquier otro momento de la historia. Precisamente porque todavía queda mucho por hacer para acabar con la pobreza debemos mantenernos firmes en estos principios&#8221;.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Hace veinte años...caía el muro de Berlín]]></title>
<link>http://potnia.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/hace-veinte-anos-caia-el-muro-de-berlin/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 17:19:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mavipas</dc:creator>
<guid>http://potnia.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/hace-veinte-anos-caia-el-muro-de-berlin/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[El 9 de noviembre de 1989 se empezaba a derribar el muro de Berlín, el muro de la vergüenza. Al día ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>El 9 de noviembre de 1989 se empezaba a derribar el muro de Berlín, el muro de la vergüenza. Al día siguiente, hace justo veinte años, se terminó la hazaña.</p>
<p>Ese muro, se construyó como consecuencia de la división en cuatro zonas de Alemania, que a su vez, se dividiron el dos: la occidental (RFA) y la oriental (RDA), que tuvieron su reflejo en la capital alemana.Pero veamos este proceso más detalladamente.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#808000;">1.- Antes del muro: Guerra Fría en Berlín.</span></h2>
<p><img class="alignleft" style="margin:5px;" title="reparto RDA DFA y Berlín" src="http://www.cprcalahorra.org/alfaro/Material/Historia%20de%204%C2%BA/Divisi%C3%B3n%20Alemania%20Berlin.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="499" />La antigua capital del Reich había sido dividida en cuatro zonas de ocupación y se hallaba situada en el corazón de la zona de ocupación soviética. Las crecientes discrepancias entre los antiguos aliados (vencedores de la Segunda Guerra Mundial) hicieron de la cuestión de Berlín uno de los temas clave de la guerra fría.</p>
<p>Tras el fracaso de negociaciones anteriores, los representantes de EE.UU., Gran Bretaña y Francia se reunieron y alcanzaron los <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>Acuerdos de Londres</strong></span> (abril-junio de 1948) para iniciar un proceso constituyente en sus zonas de ocupación.</p>
<p>En 1948, los aliados occidentales crearon una nueva moneda para sus zonas de ocupación: el <a href="http://diccionario.reverso.net/ingles-espanol/deutschmark">Deutschemark</a>. Cuando trataron de introducirla en sus zonas de ocupación de Berlín, los <span style="color:#808080;">soviéticos </span>actuaron: se inició el <a href="http://historia1imagen.cl/2007/09/11/guerra-fria-el-bloqueo-de-berlin/">bloqueo de Berlín</a>. Consistía en la interrupción de toda comunicación terrestre entre las zonas de ocupación occidental y Berlín occidental. Stalin confiaba en que Berlín oeste caería pronto.</p>
<p>Los <strong><span style="color:#808080;">norteamericanos</span></strong>, con una ayuda <strong><span style="color:#808080;">británica</span></strong>, organizaron un <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>puente aéreo</strong></span> que consiguió abastecer a la población sitiada. Al mismo tiempo, la Casa Blanca hacía saber al Kremlin que no dudaría en usar la fuerza para hacer respetar los &#8220;corredores aéreos&#8221; que unían Berlín con la Alemania occidental. <a href="http://www.historiasiglo20.org/BIO/stalin.htm">Stalin </a>levantó el bloqueo de Berlín (1949).</p>
<p>La crisis de Berlín creó un sentimiento fuerte de solidaridad entre los alemanes occidentales y los norteamericanos. Esta situación facilitó la <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>culminación de la partición de Alemania</strong></span>: las tres zonas occidentales se constituyeron en la <strong><span style="color:#888888;">República Federal de Alemania</span></strong> que se dotó de una <a href="http://constitucion.rediris.es/legis/legextr/ConstitucionAlemana.html">Ley Fundamental (1949)</a>. Esta constitución establecía un sistema liberal democrático. La URSS reaccionó con el establecimiento de la <span style="color:#888888;"><strong>República Democrática de Alemania</strong></span>, siguiendo el modelo de las &#8220;democracias populares&#8221;.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#808000;">2.- El muro.</span></h2>
<p><span style="color:#808000;"><span style="color:#000000;">La huída masiva de población del Este al Oeste en la propia ciudad de Berlín, llevó a las autoridades comunistas a levantar un muro para separar los dos lados de la ciudad. De esta forma, se separaron familias que vivían a distintos lados del muro, hubo trabajadores que perdieron su empleo, por quedar al otro lado del muro, amigos que se separon por separarles el muro&#8230; Este muro, <a href="http://redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/redescolar/act_permanentes/historia/html/caida_del_muro/murodeberlin.htm">dividió a la sociedad alemana</a> de forma física, de manera que sus costumbres, creencias, sistemas económicos, etc, se diferenciaron claramente.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#808000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Este muro se mantuvo hasta que en 1989 se hizo necesaria su demolición. Pero veamos por qué, ya que el proceso, no vino desde el interior de Alemania, como cabría suponer.</span></span></p>
<h2><span style="color:#808000;">3.- Las revoluciones de 1989.</span></h2>
<p><span style="color:#808000;"><span style="color:#000000;">1989 fue un año convulso en Europa de Este. Varios países están implicados en los sucesos de la cídad del muro de Berlín y a otros les salpicaron las consecuencias (Checoslovaquia- que se escindirá en República Checa y Eslocaquía-, Rumanía, Bulgaria, Albania).</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#808000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.iesvirgendelcarmen.com/jorabeji/imagenes_portada/mapa_europa.gif" alt="" width="300" height="226" /><br />
</span></span></p>
<p>La <em>perestroika</em> y la <em>glasnost</em>, políticas de <a href="http://www.historiasiglo20.org/BIO/gorbachov.htm">Gorbachov</a>, tuvieron una inmediata consecuencia en los estados satélite de la Europa del Este.  Sin la intervención soviética, estos gobiernos fueron barridos con extraordinaria facilidad en el corto plazo de unos meses. Aunque el objetivo de Gorbachov era que estos países aplicaran su propia <em>perestroika</em>, manteniéndose en el Pacto de Varsovia, muy pronto la realidad desbordó sus esperanzas.</p>
<p><strong>Polonia</strong> fue el país que <a href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/Estuvo/bien/Gorbachov/fuera/politico/debil/elpepuint/20091110elpepiint_4/Tes">inició </a>el proceso revolucionario. Tras una serie de huelgas en el verano de 1988, el gobierno comunista, dirigido por el general <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">JARUZELSKI</span></strong>, tuvo que sentarse a negociar con el <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>sindicato Solidaridad</strong></span>. Los acuerdos de 1989 significaron el reconocimiento legal del sindicato y la apertura de un proceso de transición democrática. El partido comunista fue duramente derrotado en las elecciones. Se formaba así el primer gobierno no comunista en Europa Oriental desde 1945, con <a href="http://www.elpais.com/todo-sobre/persona/Lech/Walesa/1474/">LECH WALESA</a> como presidente en 1990.</p>
<p>En <strong>Hungría</strong> fueron los propios reformadores comunistas, los que desmontaron con gran celeridad el sistema. Tras expulsar al viejo <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">JANOS KADAR</span></strong> en 1988, en la primavera de 1989 se estableció el multipartidismo y en octubre de ese año el <span style="color:#808000;">Partido Socialista Obrero Húngaro</span> (nombre oficial del partido comunista) se disolvía y se aprobaba una constitución democrática. Las elecciones del primavera de 1990 llevaron al poder a fuerzas democráticas anticomunistas.</p>
<p><span style="color:#808080;"><strong>El cambio en Hungría tuvo una enorme repercusión exterior</strong></span>. La decisión de las autoridades de Budapest de <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>abrir su frontera</strong></span> con Austria en septiembre de 1989 abrió una <span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>&#8220;brecha&#8221; en el telón de acero</strong></span> por el que <span style="color:#808080;"><strong>decenas de miles de habitantes de la República Democrática de Alemania huyeron hacia la República Federal de Alemania,  atravesando Checoslovaquia, Hungría y Austria</strong></span>. Al éxodo de la población se le unió pronto una oleada de <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>manifestaciones </strong></span>a lo largo de toda Alemania Oriental.</p>
<p>El líder de la <strong>RDA</strong>, <strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">ERIC HONNECKER</span></strong>, que acababa de felicitar públicamente al embajador chino por la represión en la <a href="http://www.historiasiglo20.org/TEXT/tiananmen1989.htm">plaza de Tiananmen</a>, se planteó la solución represiva. Gorbachov disipó las últimas dudas con tres declaraciones:</p>
<ul>
<li>que la URSS <em>no debía interferir</em> de ningún modo en los asuntos de la Europa oriental.</li>
<li>que la Doctrina Breznev (anterior gobernante ruso) había sido sustituida por la <em>Doctrina Sinatra</em>, refiriéndose a que la URSS permitía que los países del este hicieran las cosas &#8220;a su manera&#8221; (menudo sentido del humor).</li>
<li>por si las cosas no estuviesen suficientemente claras, Gorbachov, de viaje en Finlandia, condenó inequívocamente la Doctrina Breznev.</li>
</ul>
<p>A partir de aquí los acontecimientos se precipitaron, Honnecker fue sustituido por un comunista reformista, <span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>EGON KRENZ</strong></span>, quién tomó la histórica decisión de <strong>abrir el Muro de Berlín</strong> el 9 de noviembre de 1989.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.librerianovalis.com/caida_muro_Berlin.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="475" /></p>
<h2><span style="color:#808000;"><strong>4.- La caída del muro.</strong></span></h2>
<p>El rápido derrumbamiento de la RDA abrió un proceso de negociación, denominado <a href="http://www.historiasiglo20.org/GLOS/4+2.htm"><strong>Acuerdo 4+2</strong> </a>(EE.UU., Reino Unido, Francia y la URSS más la RFA y la RDA) que posibilitó la <span style="color:#808000;"><strong>reunificación de Alemania el 3 de octubre de 1990</strong></span>. Esta reunificación fue más bien una absorción de la antigua Alemania comunista por la RFA: a cambio de un compromiso de limitación del poder militar alemán, del no estacionamiento de tropas de la OTAN en el territorio de la antigua RDA y de ayudas económicas, la Alemania reunificada siguió siendo miembro de la OTAN y de la Comunidad Económica Europea.</p>
<p>Os dejo con una visión del momento veinte años después:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cuatro.com/noticias/videos/debate-vigesimo-aniversario-caida-muro-berlin/20091109ctoultpro_23/">http://www.cuatro.com/noticias/videos/debate-vigesimo-aniversario-caida-muro-berlin/20091109ctoultpro_23/</a></p>
<p>Y os recomiendo una película que trata este momento con sentido del humor, como trasfondo de una historia cotidiana: <a href="http://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film213013.html">Good bye, Lenin!</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Ecco Berlino: Il cielo sopra New York]]></title>
<link>http://contentistheking.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/muro-ventennale-berlino-new-yrk/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 11:35:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Stefano Ciavatta</dc:creator>
<guid>http://contentistheking.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/muro-ventennale-berlino-new-yrk/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[«Oggi qui a Berlino c&#8217;è un gran caos, ed è anche normale viste le celebrazioni ma nella realtà]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-854" title="berlino astronauta" src="http://contentistheking.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/berlino-astronauta.jpg?w=300" alt="berlino astronauta" width="300" height="200" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">«Oggi qui a Berlino c&#8217;è un gran caos, ed è anche normale viste le celebrazioni ma nella realtà di tutti i giorni Berlino è una città tranquilla, quasi vuota. In questi giorni è piena di turisti che vogliono rivivere quell’evento, perchè lo sentono molto. Ci sono molti italiani, tempo fa era raro vederli qui, ma si vede che c’è qualcosa di nuovo». La conosce bene Berlino, Angelo Bolaffi, filosofo della politica e germanista, attualmente Direttore dell&#8217;Istituto di Cultura Italiana di Berlino. Ne è entusiasta, anche perchè sente che l&#8217;attenzione internazionale sulla città sta cambiando, e forse l&#8217;ennesimo appuntamento con la Storia può essere un alibi: «Parlare del muro è la scusa per parlare della Berlino che sarà, una New York del futuro. Oggi c’è una generazione di ventenni tedeschi che non hanno mai visto il Muro. Il decennale non aveva avuto questa intensità nelle celebrazioni. Oggi Berlino è una città nuova e la capitale. E i festeggiamenti di oggi coincidono con la metamorfosi di Berlino. A Berlino si respira atmosfera. Passato e futuro».</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><!--more--></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ma il passato è solo quello del Muro? «No, Berlino oggi si vede ritornare agli anni 20 e 30, ai suoi massimi apici, quando era capitale d’Europa e una città moderna per eccellenza». Eppure la città che oggi agli occhi di tutti appare come un elogio del work in progress, con cantieri aperti ovunque in pieno centro che restituiscono un senso di progettualità e non di speculazione, non ha avuto vita facile nell&#8217;immaginario di più di una generazione impegnata. «Berlino ci son stato con Bonetti, era un po` triste, molto grande» cantava nel 1977 Lucio Dalla in Disperato Erotico Stomp. Oggi molte personalità della cultura corrono a reinventarsi testimoni di quell&#8217;89: «Adesso c’è un opportunismo turistico, “tutti a Berlino!”. Ma Berlino non si scopre ora. Comunque meglio tardi che mai. L’italia è anche questa». Per molti under 40, Berlino significa invece musica elettronica: «La musica elettronica è stata fondamentale, ha attirato moltissimi giovani. Ma mettiamo in conto la lingua, che non viene insegnata come l&#8217;inglese o il francese, e poi Berlino geograficamente è molto lontana. Inoltre era divisa. E ancora, rispetto a Colonia o Francoforte, non era una delle città della classica immigrazione italiana. E anche come meta turistica non è propriamente una città da andare a vedere, non è Parigi, con il classico turismo. Oggi certamente è una città dei musei, ma non museale, a differenza di molte altre. Perchè Berlino è una città che si traforma continuamente».</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Una città che nutre ambizioni, oltre la ricostruzione? «Sì, Berlino ha qualcosa in più, ricorda New York in versione Europa ma più economica, e infatti è diventata la capitale di chi ricerca, e si muove verso una esperienza nuova, d’avanguardia. A Berlino non si vende l&#8217;arte, ma si inventa l&#8217;arte. La città è piena di atelier e buchi attrezzati come laboratori. Intorno a Berlino c&#8217;è stato un passaparola, particolarmente in Italia. Perchè c&#8217;è una forte delusione per la nostra realtà nazionale. Per la difficoltà di lavorare, dei costi, del trovare atelier. Come fa un giovane a Milano o a Roma? Qui ottiene spazio con pochi soldi e soprattutto trova degli interlocutori. È un fatto». Berlino anche economicamente è così forte? «No, anzi. Si mantiene povera, per gravi problemi sociali. Düsseldorf, Colonia, sono citta diverse da questa città bohémien dove le case costano poco ma ci sono grandi problemi di integrazioni, forti tensioni giovanili. La situazione qui non è riappacificata ma vale per tutti, giovani e non. È una città dura proprio come come New York, mentre la ricchezza sta nella cintura del sole: Monaco, Colonia, Stoccarda».</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Chi investe a Berlino? «Molti stranieri, ma ovviamente per gli effetti ci vuole del tempo. Quando l&#8217;aeroporto di Schönefeld verrà terminato nel 2012, sarà il più grande d’Europa. È stata a lungo sovvenzionata da tutte e due le parti, est e ovest, ma è rimasta improduttiva. Però si continua a costruire. Se c&#8217;è un paragone è con Shangai, perchè anche lì nascono palazzi in due mesi. A Berlino si lavora 24h, è una città frenetica, che vuole recuperare il tempo perduto. Non è stata saccheggiata col dopo Muro, come Roma con i palazzinari del dopoguerra. Il saccheggio è avvenuto con le ricostruzioni ideologiche, più che dai bombardamenti. È stata spianata per dire “noi non c’entriamo più nulla”. Ma quale città d’Europa offre degli spazi così in pieno centro? Berlino è un labiratorio». Anche per</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Eraldo Affinati, insegnante alla Città dei Ragazzi, scrittore e autore di una guida personale alla città, Berlin (Rizzoli), molto legato alla capitale tedesca, «i giovani vanno a Berlino come un tempo si andava a Roma e Parigi. È una nuova Europa, piena di energia, che può insegnare. Molti italiani comprano case a Berlino perchè percepiscono una praticabilità rapidità dello scambio, senza lungaggini burocratiche, insomma la sensazione emotiva che possano essere superati». Quanto è cambiata? «Molto, quando ci andai prima del crollo del Muro, sembrava esserci una divisione tra un mondo a colori e uno in bianco e nero. Oggi continua a cambiare giorno dopo giorno, è un laboratorio antropologico, e anche una fortissima risposta al delirio di Adolf Hitler».</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">È possibile dire che è stata una città nascosta alle generazioni più politicizzate? «Forse. Di sicuro è stata una città a rischio di ideologia, destra e sinistra, rossi e neri, tutte categorie inadeguate per comprendere la realtà di Berlino. Vecchi schemi del 900 che hanno rappresentato una zavorra per molti. La nostra versione di Berlino era vederla crescere come una pianta fuori dal fusto, imprevedibile. Così ci siamo accorti che per sentirne il fascino anche dovevi superarne gli schemi. I giovani sono al di là di questi schemi. Andare a Berlino è come andare in Nuova Guinea. Qui da noi abbiamo molte paure da abbattere. Lì si stanno superando questi ostacoli. Lavorando alla Città dei Ragazzi, tutti nati nell&#8217; 89, e di altre nazionalità e continenti, ho capito che questi ragazzi hanno superato tutti i muri venendo a Roma. Dobbiamo superare i muri della nostra identità.». È d&#8217;accordo con chi dice che queste celebrazioni sono quasi un pretesto? «Sì, Berlino è la città del futuro, qui buttano giù i palazzi e li rifanno subito».</p>
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<title><![CDATA[And then there was Alexander Dubček in the Prague Spring of 1968]]></title>
<link>http://independentindian.com/2009/11/10/and-then-there-was-alexander-dubcek-in-the-prague-spring-of-1968/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 02:40:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>drsubrotoroy</dc:creator>
<guid>http://independentindian.com/2009/11/10/and-then-there-was-alexander-dubcek-in-the-prague-spring-of-1968/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[From Facebook: Subroto Roy recalls that long before Gorbachev and Walesa, there was in the Prague Sp]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><em>From Facebook: </em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Subroto Roy recalls that long before Gorbachev and Walesa, there was in the Prague Spring a man named Dubček&#8230;. this is a photograph published in his &#8220;Hope Dies Last&#8221;<br />
</em><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4970" title="ManandtankWenceslas" src="http://drsubrotoroy.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/manandtankwenceslas.jpg" alt="ManandtankWenceslas" width="1024" height="709" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[This Day in History 11/9: The Fall of the Berlin Wall]]></title>
<link>http://mrdsneighborhood.com/2009/11/09/this-day-in-history-119-the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:11:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ldorazio1</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mrdsneighborhood.com/2009/11/09/this-day-in-history-119-the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The announcement of our winner of &#8220;History&#8217;s Greatest A**hole&#8221; contest will have t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-636" title="Thefalloftheberlinwall1989" src="http://mrdsneighborhood.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/thefalloftheberlinwall1989.jpg?w=300" alt="Thefalloftheberlinwall1989" width="300" height="226" />The announcement of our winner of &#8220;History&#8217;s Greatest A**hole&#8221; contest will have to wait, as Mr. D needs to wax nostalgic about today&#8217;s anniversary.</p>
<p>Twenty years ago today, on <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/eu_germany_wall_anniversary">November 9, 1989</a>, the Berlin Wall, the most visible and hated symbol of the Cold War, came tumbling down as the East German government flung open its borders.  The opening of the Wall was the beginning of the end for Communism in Eastern Europe, as (mostly) peaceful revolutions swept across the continent, bringing down regime after regime until the great bear itself, the Soviet Union, dissolved in 1991.</p>
<p>Today, most kids have never even heard of the word Communism or anything like a Cold War.  Yet try to be a child seeing these events unfold.  For my generation, those that witnessed the end of an era, we couldn&#8217;t even believe it was happening.</p>
<p>For most of our lives, we thought that the great conflict between East and West, the Cold War, the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union had reached a meandering stalemate that could last forever.  If the rivalry did heat up, it was usually every four years during the Olympic Games. </p>
<p> I was a precocious kid, and even at that age a rabid anti-Communist.  Most of my friends used words like &#8220;Commie&#8221; and &#8220;Russkie&#8221; pretty casually, but I knew the evil they contained.  When Katerina Witt of East Germany won the gold medal in figure skating in 1988, I left the room.  I screamed at my parents that I refused to listen to an anthem from a Communist dictatorship.    No one booed louder when Nickolai Volkoff sang the Soviet national anthem before wrestling for the WWF (now WWE). </p>
<p>Christ, I made Alex P. Keaton look like Nancy Pelosi.</p>
<p>Yet even I, the great red-baiter that I was, had the inevitable shrug most had when confronting the Soviet menace.  They were there, and they we there to stay.  As long as they don&#8217;t move from where they are, and no sneaky stuff with Typhoon submarines, then I guess we can coexist.  It was even a buzzword of the Brezhnev-era Kremlin: &#8220;peaceful coexistence.&#8221; </p>
<p>Then I heard about what was happening in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_of_Communism_in_Poland_(1989)#End_of_Communist_rule_.281980.E2.80.931990.29">Poland</a>.  Yes, I was a wierd kid: the Solidarity movement of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa">Lech Walesa </a>fascinated me. </p>
<p>I mean, here was a situation that, to a true lover of Marx and Lenin, made absolutely no sense: a &#8220;worker&#8217;s republic&#8221; refusing to let a group of shipyard workers from Gdansk organize into a labor union.  A labor union is the crux of all Communist ideology, and it was turned on its head as Solidarity formed to combat unfair conditions laid down by Warsaw&#8217;s Soviet satellite regime.  The authorities fought back brutally, enforcing martial law from 1981-1982.  Yet the movement survived, and it worked to undermine, and eventually destroy, the Polish dictatorship.</p>
<p>The Polish revolution worked because of a gap in the Soviet clinch on power.  By the 1980s, the Soviets were in economic freefall, and badly needed Western capital and technology just to keep up.  Thus, Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev began a program of gradual liberalization of the economy (perestroika) followed by a loosening of the authoritarian political landscape (glasnost).  On top of this, Moscow basically allowed its satellites to do what they wanted.  There would be no repeat of the crackdowns of years past&#8211;this time the Red Army will not interfere.</p>
<p>The result was a flood of anger and resentment.  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989">Reform movements were going on all over Eastern Europe</a>, mostly among grassroots groups looking for bread-and-butter changes: better housing, higher wages, better working conditions, etc.  The people&#8217;s republics simply grew so stagnant that they were completely divorced from the reality of the people, and rebels like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaclav_Havel">Vaclav Havel</a> and Lech Walesa were considered heroes.</p>
<p>Yet we never thought that wall would ever come down.  And it did, thanks to massive demonstrations, public media attention, and an East German government willing to say &#8220;enough is enough&#8221;, and replace the autocratic Erich Honecker with the more pliant Egon Krenz, who summarily threw open the borders to allow East Germans free access to the west.  That hated wall, that son-of-a-bitch wall finally came down.</p>
<p>As with most things, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of Communism seemed inevitable now.  Today, we are still dealing with the aftereffects of the Revolutions of 1989, both good and bad.  But for kids like me, who never thought it was going to happen, the Berlin Wall was a moment we could never forget.  Like the clamoring hordes in Boston in the 1770&#8217;s, no one was silencing the will of the people anymore.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mur berliński, 73% i "Sputnik"]]></title>
<link>http://thomasorchowski.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/mur-berlinski-73-i-sputnik/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 21:50:31 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>thomasorchowski</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thomasorchowski.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/mur-berlinski-73-i-sputnik/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Dzisiaj dwudziesta rocznica obalenia muru berlińskiego. Cała polityczna elita zjechała do Berlina ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style="color:#800000;">Dzisiaj dwudziesta rocznica obalenia muru berlińskiego.</span> Cała polityczna elita zjechała do Berlina &#8211; Lech Wałęsa trąca kostki domina, Angela Merkel króluje w swoim świecie, a Barackowi Obamie smutno, że nie może być w stolicy Niemiec.  Media dogłębnie analizują niegdysiejszą sytuację i patrzą na ręce przemawiającym dzisiaj politykom. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc – opinia publiczna zalewana jest setkami informacji na temat wydarzeń z tamtych lat (i bardzo dobrze).</p>
<p>Ja osobiście ten okres znam jedynie z przekazów werbalnych, zdjęć i filmów. Nijak nie mogę sobie wyobrazić transformacji, która wtedy zaszła. Jakież to szczęście musiało zawitać w serca naszych rodaków, kiedy się o tym dowiedzieli. Ile radości dał im fakt, że kończy się era komunistycznych zabójców spod ciemnej gwiazdy. Wyobrażacie to sobie? Ja nie potrafię – takie to musiały być pięknie abstrakcyjne czasy.</p>
<p>A okres to był przecież niezwykle tajemniczy i zawiły. Kto tak naprawdę doprowadził do upadku muru? Gorbaczow, który stał się teraz nie lada dostojnikiem odbywającym regularne pielgrzymki na zachód? Margaret Thatcher? A może Francuzi? Patrząc na ostatnie doniesienia z archiwów – raczej nie. Ronald Reagan i determinacja Amerykanów, która wykończyła ledwo funkcjonującą gospodarkę ZSRR? Ten wariant jest chyba najbardziej prawdopodobny. Może jednak jest tak, że to zasługa zwykłych Europejczyków? Prawdopodobne? Chciałbym tak sądzić i &#8211; uwierzcie mi – staram się.</p>
<p>W gruncie rzeczy to ja nie o tym… Zaintrygował mnie sondaż przeprowadzony przez Gfk Polonia na zlecenie „Rzeczpospolitej”. Według niego Polacy dopatrują się największego zagrożenia dla niepodległości naszego kraju w… Unii Europejskiej (a dokładniej w przejmowaniu przez nią uprawnień polskich władz). W taki sposób odpowiedziało aż 73% ankietowanych. Sprawa niebywała, bo dotychczas naszych rodaków można było określać mianem euroentuzjastów. Widać, że po orzeczeniu <span style="color:#800000;">Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w Strasburgu</span>, który sprzeciwił się wieszaniu krzyży w szkołach, Polacy zmienili nieco percepcję. Traktat Lizboński też przecież zrobił swoje. Ciekaw jestem w takiej sytuacji wyników sondażu, w którym zapytałoby się Polaków o ich stosunek do samej UE.  Domniemywam, że nie czekałyby na nas takie same wyniki, jak w tej ostatniej o „zagrożeniach dla niepodległości”. Jak to możliwe, skoro według znamienitej większości tracimy wolność? W szczególności, że rzekomo 90% naszych rodaków jest w stanie oddać za ojczyznę życie. Wyraźnie widać w naszym toku rozumowania sprzeczność…</p>
<p>Na koniec coś bardziej optymistycznie nastrajającego – Festiwal Filmów Rosyjskich „Sputnik”. Niezwykła okazja do obejrzenia dzieł <span style="color:#800000;">Andrieja Tarkowskiego</span> &#8211; wybitnego rosyjskiego reżysera. Ja osobiście wybieram na się na trzy: <span style="color:#800000;">„Stalker”, „Andriej Rublow”,” Zwierciadło”.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#800000;"><img class="aligncenter" src="http://www.sfp.org.pl/grafiki/e9495489896244d.jpg" alt="" width="219" height="314" />Czas trwania: 6.11-16.11.2009</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#800000;"><br />
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<title><![CDATA[La certitude du doute...]]></title>
<link>http://souklaye.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/la-certitude-du-doute-273/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 19:53:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>souklaye</dc:creator>
<guid>http://souklaye.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/la-certitude-du-doute-273/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Je n&#8217;arrive pas à choisir entre les limites d&#8217;une loi et une journée de gala (Service mi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3822" title="rer A" src="http://souklaye.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/rer-a.jpg" alt="rer A" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Je n&#8217;arrive pas à choisir entre les limites d&#8217;une loi et une journée de gala<br />
(Service minimum 0 &#8211; Mur de Berlin 1)<br />
<img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3819" title="humpty dumpty" src="http://souklaye.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/humpty-dumpty.jpg" alt="humpty dumpty" width="500" height="666" /></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Looking to Lech]]></title>
<link>http://www2.macleans.ca/2009/11/09/looking-to-lech/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 18:29:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Aaron Wherry</dc:creator>
<guid>http://www2.macleans.ca/2009/11/09/looking-to-lech/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[On the occasion of that little anniversary in Berlin today, former Polish president Lech Walesa is o]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[On the occasion of that little anniversary in Berlin today, former Polish president Lech Walesa is o]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Tear Down This Wall!]]></title>
<link>http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/11/09/tear-down-this-wall/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 17:54:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Donald R. McClarey</dc:creator>
<guid>http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/11/09/tear-down-this-wall/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ronald Wilson Reagan, how I miss you. When talking about Ronald Reagan, I have to be personal. We in]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/WjWDrTXMgF8&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/WjWDrTXMgF8&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/wnYXbJ_bcLc&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/wnYXbJ_bcLc&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p>Ronald Wilson Reagan, how I miss you.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/ZZgjlo-7daA&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/ZZgjlo-7daA&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
<p><em>When talking about Ronald Reagan, I have to be personal. We in Poland took him so personally. Why? Because we owe him our liberty. This can’t be said often enough by people who lived under oppression for half a century, until communism fell in 1989.Poles fought for their freedom for so many years that they hold in special esteem those who backed them in their struggle. Support was the test of friendship. President Reagan was such a friend. His policy of aiding democratic movements in Central and Eastern Europe in the dark days of the Cold War meant a lot to us. We knew he believed in a few simple principles such as human rights, democracy and civil society. He was someone who was convinced that the citizen is not for the state, but vice-versa, and that freedom is an innate right.I often wondered why Ronald Reagan did this, taking the risks he did, in supporting us at Solidarity, as well as dissident movements in other countries behind the Iron Curtain, while pushing a defense buildup that pushed the Soviet economy over the brink. Let’s remember that it was a time of recession in the U.S. and a time when the American public was more interested in their own domestic affairs. It took a leader with a vision to convince them that there are greater things worth fighting for. Did he seek any profit in such a policy? Though our freedom movements were in line with the foreign policy of the United States, I doubt it.President Reagan, in a radio address from his ranch on Oct. 9, 1982, announces trade sanctions against Poland in retaliation for the outlawing of Solidarity.I distinguish between two kinds of politicians. There are those who view politics as a tactical game, a game in which they do not reveal any individuality, in which they lose their own face. There are, however, leaders for whom politics is a means of defending and furthering values. For them, it is a moral pursuit. They do so because the values they cherish are endangered. They’re convinced that there are values worth living for, and even values worth dying for.<!--more--></em></p>
<p><em>Otherwise they would consider their life and work pointless. Only such politicians are great politicians and Ronald Reagan was one of them.The 1980s were a curious time — a time of realization that a new age was upon us. Communism was coming to an end. It had used up its means and possibilities. The ground was set for change. But this change needed the cooperation, or unspoken understanding, of different political players. Now, from the perspective of our time, it is obvious that like the pieces of a global chain of events, Ronald Reagan, John Paul II, Margaret Thatcher and even Mikhail Gorbachev helped bring about this new age in Europe. We at Solidarity like to claim more than a little credit, too, for bringing about the end of the Cold War.In the Europe of the 1980s, Ronald Reagan presented a vision. For us in Central and Eastern Europe, that meant freedom from the Soviets. Mr. Reagan was no ostrich who hoped that problems might just go away. He thought that problems are there to be faced. This is exactly what he did.Every time I met President Reagan, at his private estate in California or at the Lenin shipyard here in Gdansk, I was amazed by his modesty and even temper. He didn’t fit the stereotype of the world leader that he was. Privately, we were like opposite sides of a magnet: He was always composed; I was a raging tower of emotions eager to act. We were so different yet we never had a problem with understanding one another. I respected his honesty and good humor. It gave me confidence in his policies and his resolve. He supported my struggle, but what unified us, unmistakably, were our similar values and shared goals.* * *</em></p>
<p><em>I have often been asked in the United States to sign the poster that many Americans consider very significant. Prepared for the first almost-free parliamentary elections in Poland in 1989, the poster shows Gary Cooper as the lonely sheriff in the American Western, “High Noon.” Under the headline “At High Noon” runs the red Solidarity banner and the date — June 4, 1989 — of the poll. It was a simple but effective gimmick that, at the time, was misunderstood by the Communists. They, in fact, tried to ridicule the freedom movement in Poland as an invention of the “Wild” West, especially the U.S.But the poster had the opposite impact: Cowboys in Western clothes had become a powerful symbol for Poles. Cowboys fight for justice, fight against evil, and fight for freedom, both physical and spiritual. Solidarity trounced the Communists in that election, paving the way for a democratic government in Poland. It is always so touching when people bring this poster up to me to autograph it. They have cherished it for so many years and it has become the emblem of the battle that we all fought together.As I say repeatedly, we owe so much to all those who supported us. Perhaps in the early years, we didn’t express enough gratitude. We were so busy introducing all the necessary economic and political reforms in our reborn country. Yet President Ronald Reagan must have realized what remarkable changes he brought to Poland, and indeed the rest of the world.  And I hope he felt gratified. He should have.</em></p>
<p><em>Lech Walesa</em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Fall of the Berlin Wall...20 Years Ago Today]]></title>
<link>http://kreuzer33.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall-20-years-ago-today/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:34:33 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>kreuzer33</dc:creator>
<guid>http://kreuzer33.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall-20-years-ago-today/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I can&#8217;t believe it&#8217;s actually been 20 years since the Berlin Wall came crumbling down on]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I can&#8217;t believe it&#8217;s actually been 20 years since the Berlin Wall came crumbling down on November 9, 1989. I&#8217;m starting to accept the fact that I&#8217;m actually getting older. Hell&#8230;I&#8217;ve reached 31! <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>At the time this historical event took place, I understood what it meant. But, looking back, I think that I only understood the significance of the day in general terms. I remember that I was in 6th grade and had read about its origins and the affect it had on the people of Germany, Europe and even the rest of the world in school.</p>
<p>I heard the stories of my grandfather fighting in World War II in Germany and all the stories that he had to tell of going back years later and seeing the wall in person. It&#8217;s amazing to look back at all of the history and realize what a momentous day that November day actually was.</p>
<p>So&#8230;where were you when the Berlin Wall fell? Do you have any memories? Do you live, or have you ever traveled to Germany either before the wall fell&#8230;or after?</p>
<p>From <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE5A82OE20091109">Reuters</a>:</p>
<p><em>It&#8217;s not often that a historic announcement comes, as an afterthought, almost by accident, at the end of an otherwise stultifyingly tedious press conference. </em></p>
<p><em>But that&#8217;s how the Communist East German government told an incredulous world that the Berlin Wall, that most potent symbol of the Cold War, would be thrown open after three decades.</em></p>
<p><em>I was fortunate enough to witness that most famous news conference of modern German history on November 9, 1989, called with no great fanfare by Politburo member and spokesman Guenter Schabowski.</em></p>
<p><em>For an hour he had rambled through the dull deliberations of a meeting of the Communist Party&#8217;s ruling Central Committee.</em></p>
<p><em>Many journalists had already left the small, stuffy windowless room on the first floor of the International Press Center where news conferences were held. Some had headed home, some drifted to the restaurant where the Stasi security police routinely observed foreign reporters by hidden camera.</em></p>
<p><em>Even though pressure had been building on the East German government for months to grant &#8220;Reisefreiheit&#8221; &#8212; or freedom to travel &#8212; Schabowski had nothing to say about that until near the end of his presentation when he was asked about travel rules by Riccardo Ehrman of the Italian news agency ANSA at 6:53 p.m.</em></p>
<p><em>&#8220;Therefore&#8230;um&#8230;we have decided today&#8230;um&#8230;to implement a regulation that allows every citizen of the German Democratic Republic&#8230;um&#8230;to&#8230;um&#8230;leave East Germany through any of the border crossings,&#8221; said Schabowski.</em></p>
<p>From <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/TRAVEL/11/09/berlin.germany.travel/">CNN</a>:</p>
<p><em>As Germany celebrates the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, I can&#8217;t help remembering my spooky 1971 visit during the Cold War. When we crossed back to the West, tour buses were emptied at the border so mirrors could be rolled under the bus. They wanted to see if anyone was trying to escape with us. </em></p>
<p><em>Back then, life in the East was bleak, gray and demoralizing because of ongoing political repression and their unresponsive Soviet-style command economy.</em></p>
<p><em>Today, Berlin feels like the nuclear fuel rod of a great nation. It&#8217;s so vibrant with youth, energy and an anything-goes-and-anything&#8217;s-possible buzz that Munich feels spent in comparison.</em></p>
<p>From the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/world/europe/10germany.html">New York Times</a>:</p>
<p>Flanked by leaders from the former Eastern Bloc in Communism’s last days, and mobbed by a cheering crowd, Chancellor <a title="More articles about Angela Merkel." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/angela_merkel/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Angela Merkel</a> launched a day of commemoration Monday of the fall of the <a title="More articles about Berlin Wall." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/b/berlin_wall/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">Berlin Wall</a>, retracing the steps of the first East Germans, herself included,  surging to West Berlin 20 years ago.</p>
<p><em>Mrs. Merkel’s symbolic walk across  the Bornholmer Strasse bridge, accompanied by <a title="More articles about Mikhail S. Gorbachev." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/mikhail_s_gorbachev/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</a>, the last leader of the Soviet Union, and <a title="More articles about Lech Walesa." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/w/lech_walesa/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Lech Walesa</a>, the former shipyard worker who led a fight against Moscow-backed Communism in Poland, came as Berlin prepared for an evening of celebration to mark the moments on Nov. 9, 1989, when the wall began to crumble.</em></p>
<p><em>In a light drizzle hundreds of people gathered to observe the moment, some recalling the crowds who swelled the former East German checkpoint at the Bornholmer Street crossing point after an East German official announced that, with immediate effect, travel restrictions would be eased.</em></p>
<p><em>Mrs. Merkel has told reporters recently that she was one of those to walk into the west that night across the gray iron bridge at Bornholmer Strasse. Many of the hundreds crowding onto the bridge with her on Monday were former East German civil rights activists.</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Noticias: Mérito principal de la caída del Muro de Berlín es del Papa Juan Pablo II]]></title>
<link>http://entreamigosyfamiliacatolica.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/noticias-merito-principal-de-la-caida-del-muro-de-berlin-es-del-papa-juan-pablo-ii/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:06:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>eafcatolica</dc:creator>
<guid>http://entreamigosyfamiliacatolica.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/noticias-merito-principal-de-la-caida-del-muro-de-berlin-es-del-papa-juan-pablo-ii/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Noticias24.- El mérito principal de la caída del Muro de Berlín corresponde al Papa Juan Pablo II y ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Noticias24.-</p>
<p><img class="alignleft" src="http://doc.noticias24.com/0909/wa033.jpg" alt="" width="256" height="181" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>El mérito principal de la caída del Muro de Berlín corresponde al Papa Juan Pablo II</strong> y atribuírselo al ex presidente soviético Mijail Gorbachov “es una mentira”, declaró en un programa televisivo el jefe histórico del sindicato polaco Solidaridad, Lech Walesa.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">“<strong>Lo que hoy me entristece es que convertimos en héroes a los que no lo fueron</strong>“, declaró Walesa desde Berlín, donde participa en las ceremonias conmemorativas del vigésimo aniversario de la caída del Muro.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">“<strong>Gorbachov nunca quiso derribar el comunismo ni el Muro de Berlín, no era su camino”</strong>, declaró Walesa, que el lunes debía participar en las ceremonias junto el ex líder soviético.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">“<strong>Si se presentan las cosas de esa manera, quiere decir que se edifica Europa en base a una mentira, eso me aterroriza</strong>“, dijo Walesa visiblemente indignado.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">“La verdad es que un 50% de la caída del Muro corresponde a Juan Pablo II, 30% a Solidaridad y a Lech Walesa y sólo 20% al resto del mundo. Esta es la verdad de esos días”, agregó.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Juan Pablo II había llamado a los pueblos de Europa a “<strong>cambiar la cara del mundo y su mensaje liberó a los pueblos que obligaron a los políticos a sancionar los cambios</strong>“, sostuvo Walesa.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">En la tarde del lunes, en el marco de los festejos de la caída del Muro, la canciller alemana Angela Merkel debía cruzar el puesto fronterizo de Bornholmer Strasse junto a Gorbachov y Walesa.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>© 1994-2009 Agence France-Presse</em></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Lech Walesa and the Fall of the Wall]]></title>
<link>http://awesometificamerican.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/lech-walesa-and-the-fall-of-the-wall/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 15:27:01 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>awesometificamerican</dc:creator>
<guid>http://awesometificamerican.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/lech-walesa-and-the-fall-of-the-wall/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;There is a risk right now that we might lose the victory that we fought so hard for. The ques]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[&#8220;There is a risk right now that we might lose the victory that we fought so hard for. The ques]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Berlín es hoy centro del mundo 20 años después]]></title>
<link>http://noticieroalternativo.com/2009/11/09/berlin-es-hoy-centro-del-mundo-20-anos-despues/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 13:22:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>noticieroalternativo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://noticieroalternativo.com/2009/11/09/berlin-es-hoy-centro-del-mundo-20-anos-despues/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Merkel firma en uno de los paneles del antiguo Muro de Berlín, ayer Más de 30 gobernantes mundiales,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:center;">
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 308px"><img src="http://files.publico.es/resources/archivos/2009/11/9/1257751675712GERMANY-HISTORY-WALL-683347-01-06-20091108-170927dn.jpg" alt="" width="298" height="400" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Merkel firma en uno de los paneles del antiguo Muro de Berlín, ayer</p></div>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Más de 30 gobernantes mundiales, unos en activo y otros retirados, celebrarán hoy una cumbre sin precedentes en Berlín para recordar la caída del Muro hace veinte años. Las mil piezas de dominó de 2,50 metros de altura colocadas sobre dos kilómetros del antiguo trazado fronterizo atraen desde el sábado la atención de miles de curiosos.<!--more--></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Al final de los actos, el dominó se desmoronará simbólicamente como los regímenes del este de Europa tras la histórica noche del 9 de noviembre de 1989. El ex líder del sindicato polaco Solidaridad,<strong>Lech Walesa</strong>, será el encargado de dar el empujón a la primera pieza de uno de los extremos, mientras que en el otro harán lo mismo a cuatro manos el presidente de la Comisión Europea, José Manuel Barroso, y el presidente del Parlamento Europeo, Jerzy Buzek.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">En la Puerta de Brandeburgo, los <strong>principales oradores</strong> serán el último líder soviético, Mijaíl Gorbachov, y el ex ministro alemán de Exteriores, Hans-Dietrich Genscher.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La fiesta unirá en ese escenario a tres músicos que no tienen nada que ver entre sí. Daniel Barenboim inaugurará el festejo al frente de la orquesta Staatskapelle Berlin, con obras de Wagner, Schönberg y Beethoven en el programa.</p>
<h3 style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Bon Jovi derribó el Muro</strong></h3>
<p style="text-align:justify;">El rockero estadounidense Jon Bon Jovi interpretará luego <em>We werent born to follow</em>, una canción de su último álbum compuesta por él mismo. Bon Jovi se ha colado en el programa con la ayuda de su amigo Phil Murphy, embajador de EEUU en Alemania. &#8220;Le expliqué por carta que esta canción encajaría muy bien para la ocasión. La invitación es un gran honor&#8221;, señaló el rockero al diario <em>Bild</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Bon Jovi no estaba en Berlín en la histórica noche, pero unos días después llegó para arrancar a martillazos un trozo del Muro que conserva aún en plexiglás sobre su escritorio.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">El tercer músico es la estrella del techno Paul van Dyk, que ha compuesto especialmente para la ocasión el tema <em>We are one</em>, que sonará al final del acto a modo de himno.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Tampoco Vladímir Putin estaba en Berlín, sino en Dresde, donde trabajó como oficial del KGB entre 1985 y 1990. Pero el primer ministro ruso también ha querido recordar su ánimo de entonces. &#8220;Siento una cierta nostalgia. Pero Alemania ha experimentado una evolución positiva desde la unificación, y sus relaciones con Rusia se asientan sobre una nueva y sólida base, así que el sentimiento de nostalgia es secundario&#8221;, dice Putin en una entrevista con la televisión rusa NTV.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">La fiesta de hoy tendrá también algunos escenarios fuera de Berlín. En Helmstedt-Marienborn, un antiguo paso fronterizo entre Baja Sajonia y Sajonia-Anhalt, habrá una actuación del grupo Karat y la cantante Ute Freudenberg, dos leyendas del pop germano-oriental.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Fuente: Público.es España</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Gorbachev]]></title>
<link>http://thewallmemories.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/gorbachev/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 11:30:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>thewallmemories</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thewallmemories.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/gorbachev/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Todos os links postados aqui estão em inglês. / All the links in this post are in English. Há quem o]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Todos os links postados aqui estão em inglês. / All the links in this post are in English.</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Há quem o julgue <a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,659752,00.html">um político fraco</a>. Ou um verdadeiro heroi. Independente das muitas opiniões acerca de sua figura simbólica, o homem com um mapinha na cabeça é peça chave nas mudanças ocorridas em 1989. O ano que marcou o fim de uma era histórica.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="http://www.thenation.com/doc/20091116/kvh_cohen">Aqui uma entrevista que Gorbachev concedeu recentemente ao jornal The Nation</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Já o vídeo abaixo, traz o mesmo Gorbachev falando a um repórter da rede Al Jazeera.</p>
<p><span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/wIKTZ3Z8SEo&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/wIKTZ3Z8SEo&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Vent'anni sembran pochi, poi ti giri e non li trovi più]]></title>
<link>http://pizzeriaitalia.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/ventanni-sembran-pochi-poi-ti-giri-e-non-li-trovi-piu/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 08:37:04 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>vuerre</dc:creator>
<guid>http://pizzeriaitalia.wordpress.com/2009/11/09/ventanni-sembran-pochi-poi-ti-giri-e-non-li-trovi-piu/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[A rifletterci bene &#8211; oggi &#8211; è anche difficile da spiegare, da credere&#8230; nell&#8217;]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>A rifletterci bene &#8211; oggi &#8211; è anche difficile da spiegare, da credere&#8230; nell&#8217;era della globalità, di Twitter, di FaceBook.., credere che solo 20 anni fa c&#8217;era un muro, vero, di cemento armato, col filo spinato&#8230; che si proponeva di preservare la follia comunista dal contagio occidentale&#8230; non ci crederebbe nessuno.</p>
<p>Eppure per tanti è stato &#8220;normale&#8221;, tanto da portare l&#8217;allora segretario del Partito Comunista Italiano (si, c&#8217;era il Partito Comunista&#8230;) Alessandro Natta a <a href="http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/esteri/200911articoli/49200girata.asp" target="_blank">dichiarare</a> che quella era la vittoria del disegno di Hitler:</p>
<ul>
<blockquote>
<li>Petruccioli: «Che facciamo?».</li>
<li>Natta: «Ma caro Petruccioli, cosa volete fare!».</li>
<li>Petruccioli: «Ma come cosa vogliamo fare? Telefonano da tutta Italia, non possiamo star zitti! Con quel che sta succedendo, come facciamo ad andare in giro con questo nome&#8230;».</li>
<li>Natta: «Vedi, io non considero intoccabile il nome&#8230; ma cosa volete fare&#8230; Qui crolla un mondo, cambia la storia&#8230; ha vinto Hitler&#8230; Si realizza il suo disegno, dopo mezzo secolo».</li>
</blockquote>
</ul>
<p>(ma d&#8217;altronde sono quelli che ad ogni innovazione ordinamentale dicono che si tratta della vittoria del disegno di Licio Gelli&#8230;)</p>
<p>Va ricordato anche che la caduta del muro del novembre 1989 inizia dieci anni prima con la lotta del sindacato &#8220;<em>clandestino</em>&#8221; polacco Solidarnosc, guidato da Lech Walesa in vece del vero leader, Karol Woitila, momentaneamente impegnato a Roma in un secondo lavoro.</p>
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