A lot of my old photos have been scanned. I haven’t had time to look at them much, but have noticed there has not been applied any automatic dust and scratches removal in the process. I made a company do the job, since my scanner was destroyd by some carpenters some years back. I have tried to remove some dust from the picture above, but everything was impossible. The picture is from a bar in a small town in Southern Morocco in the middle of the 1980′ties. A bar for coffee and tea of course, no alcohol around. And no women, except for a couple of Norwegians. Here is a link to some more photos from Morocco.

Been here two days now, and I have in my possession a sim card, a travel adaptor and a monthly travel card. I had to pay 15 whole euros for one simcard which has no credit in it. I was expecting that price to include at least 10 € of credit, but nope, just an empty piece of plastic!

All in all I would say that I am now a fully fledged member of the Brussels capital!

On my first night here I watched this documentary called ‘Femme de la Rue’ by Sophie Peeters. This young woman moved to a pretty popular area in Brussels to study film and was subjected to daily sexual harassment from men who just sat outside bars on the streets drinking booze and smoking. For her final year project she decides to put together a documentary that highlighted this issue; to do this she wore a secret camera and went about her business. She wore nothing revealing or fashion savvy; once a below-the-knee dress with boots and the other time a pair of jeans and a red cardigan. But the amount of comments that came out of these men were shocking. Some calling her a whore, a bitch, saying that she looked like she was up for sex, inviting her to a hotel … simply for walking by. This reminded me of an encounter with a Spanish woman back in July when I was in Amsterdam. We got talking and when she found out that my next destination was Brussels her mood changed. She said she hated it because some men had hurled so much abuse at her, as she visited some sites in the capital with a friend. I have worn pretty revealing outfits in London before, mainly in the summer and when I am going out , and apart from men bugging you for a number or wolf whistling from their car, I have never felt threatened or insulted!

Anyway I dismissed it thinking ‘hmmmm maybe they are both exaggerating, will have to wait and see.’ So yesterday, I am walking through Rue Neuve – it’s like a mini-version of London’s Oxford Street, and this black lady in leggings and a leather jacket walks by. These boys, I assume were of Arab descent because they spoke Arabic, began to hurl abusive comments at her, ‘chienne, va porter un slip!’ / ‘bitch, go and put on some underwear!’ I was mortified because to me this woman was dressed modestly. Next thing you know one of the boys on a bicycle, gets close to her and starts calling her a whore. She looked distressed, humiliated, and embarrassed. And I was thinking to myself, as a spectator what can you do or say?

I know that it is none of my business, but sometimes it is just disgusting to see that men can feel free to objectify women in such a manner. If she decides to wear a micro mini skirt – that’s her business, you go and mind your own. I mean the way women dress in London, especially with these ass-peep knicker shorts that are currently in fashion; if men who felt that a show of flesh meant permission to humiliate, fondle and propose indecent acts then boy, London would be the rape capital! Not that this type of behavior in London does not exist, I just haven’t experienced it, and hope I never will.

It seems Belgium has taken action by introducing legislation that could see perpetrators fined up to 250 € for sexual intimidation. But then again, how does a victim prove they were harassed by an individual? How do you trace the perpetrator? And to be honest, if you are being harassed by strangers, your instinct is to go far away from them as soon as possible, without making eye contact. It  is a very sensitive area, but at least it is good to know steps are being taken to curb the problem. Otherwise the global HollaBack movement is around to help people who are sexually harassed on the streets to have courage to put the middle finger in the air and holla back!

Anyway, it’s only day 2 and I look forward to my time living and working in this capital. I just hope these Mahgreb men will show me some mercy!

Camera is on its way …. will definitely be sharing with you some sites x

Mauritania

May 24, 2012

The U.S. Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the risks of traveling to Mauritania, and urges extreme caution for those who choose to travel to Mauritania, because of activities by the terrorist group al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). AQIM continues to demonstrate its intent and ability to conduct attacks against foreign nationals, including U.S. citizens. This replaces the Travel Warning for Mauritania, issued on October 10, 2011, to update information on security incidents and remind travelers of security concerns.

The U.S. Embassy in Nouakchott recommends against all non-essential travel to the border regions of Guidimagha, the Hodh El Charghi and Hodh El Gharbi regions of southeastern Mauritania, the eastern half of the Assaba region (east of Kiffa), the eastern half of the Tagant region (east of Tidjika), the eastern half of the Adrar region (east of Chinguetti), and the Zemmour region of northern Mauritania because of the security risk and the threat of kidnapping to Westerners by AQIM.

As noted in the Department of State’s Worldwide Caution, AQIM has been designated as a terrorist organization by both the United States and the European Union.

As a result of perceived Western involvement in counterterrorism efforts, AQIM has declared its intention to attack Western targets. It is possible that AQIM will attempt retaliatory attacks against Western targets of opportunity. While military intervention has moved active terrorist operations to the Malian border regions, AQIM-affiliated support systems for logistics and information are present in Mauritania. Additionally, the rebellion and subsequent coup in Mali have given terrorist groups such as AQIM the opportunity to establish territorial claims in the contested region of northern Mali. This, coupled with the influx of tens of thousands of Malian refugees into Mauritania, presents additional safety and security concerns.

AQIM and terrorists believed to be affiliated with AQIM have been operating in Mauritania since at least 2005. Actions include kidnapping and murder of Western tourists, aid workers, and Mauritanian soldiers, as well as attacks on foreign diplomatic missions in Mauritania. This culminated in the June 2009 attempted kidnapping and murder of a private U.S. citizen in the capital city of Nouakchott.

While there have been no known direct attempts against U.S. citizens since 2009, AQIM continues to threaten Westerners. It has also focused its actions on Mauritanian military installations and personnel. The Mauritanian military continues to actively engage in action against AQIM elements, particularly along the border regions with Mali.

In August 2010, a suicide bomber attacked a Mauritanian military barracks in Nema. In February 2011, Mauritanian security forces successfully prevented a car bombing in the capital city, Nouakchott, by intercepting and destroying a vehicle containing large quantities of explosives. In July 2011, AQIM attacked a military base in Bassiknou, near Nema, in southeastern Mauritania. In December 2011, AQIM abducted a Mauritanian gendarme from his post near the eastern border with Mali.

As a result of safety and security concerns, some NGOs, private aid organizations, and Peace Corps withdrew staff and/or temporarily suspended operations in Mauritania. Faith-based organizations operating in Mauritania, regardless of location, may be particularly targeted.

Travel by U.S. Embassy staff members outside of Nouakchott requires advance approval from the U.S. Embassy’s security office. Travel which has been authorized in such fashion is subject to cancellation at any time. Travel to the eastern half of Mauritania occurs only with Mauritanian government escorts.

Given AQIM’s threats against Western targets in Mauritania and the region, and its desire to kidnap Westerners for ransom, U.S. citizens should remain aware of their surroundings at all times and maintain good personal security practices, including always locking their homes and cars, varying routes and times of travel, and maintaining a low profile by not drawing attention to themselves. When going out, they should avoid being part of large, highly visible groups of Westerners, and refrain from sitting in areas that are easily visible from the street when in restaurants or cafes. U.S. citizens should be particularly alert when frequenting locales associated with Westerners, including hotels, cultural centers, social and recreation clubs, beach areas, and restaurants. Additionally, U.S. citizens should avoid highly publicized events/venues with no visible security presence.

U.S. citizens driving in Mauritania are reminded to heed warnings to stop at security checkpoints, and should be particularly vigilant when traveling by road outside of populated areas, even when traveling along main routes and highways. U.S. citizens should not venture outside urban areas unless in a convoy and accompanied by an experienced guide, and even then only if equipped with sturdy vehicles and ample provisions. Driving after dark outside of urban areas is strongly discouraged. There have been reports of banditry and smuggling in the more remote parts of Mauritania. Landmines remain a danger along the border with the Western Sahara. Travelers should cross borders only at designated border posts.

The U.S. Embassy in Nouakchott strongly encourages U.S. citizens who travel to or remain in Mauritania despite this Travel Warning to enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive the most up-to-date security information. Please keep all of your information in STEP current. It is important when enrolling or updating information to include multiple phone numbers and email addresses to facilitate communication in the event of an emergency.

U.S. citizens should consult the Country Specific Information sheet for the Republic of Mauritania and the Worldwide Caution, both located on the Department of State’s Bureau of Consular Affairs website. Follow us on Twitter and the Bureau of Consular Affairs page on Facebook as well. If you don’t have internet access, current information on safety and security can also be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll-free in the United States, or for callers from other countries, a regular toll line at 1-202-501-4444. These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

The U.S. Embassy is located between the Presidency building and the Spanish Embassy on Rue Abdallaye. The postal address is B.P. 222, Nouakchott, telephone (222) 4-525-2660/2663, 4-525-1141/1145, or 4-525-3038, and fax (222) 4-525-1592. For after-hours emergencies, please call (222) 4-525-3288 or visit the U.S. Embassy Nouakchott web site. In the event of an emergency that interrupts mobile phone (SMS) or Internet communication in Mauritania, U.S. citizens may call the Embassy’s dedicated Consular emergency recording at (222) 4-525-3707 to receive the most up-to-date instructions.

Of course he is ignorant; ignorant of our inventions. Time and space are the demarcations of our cultural borders and individual frontiers. From the archaeological to the historical records we have documented borders, frontiers and other dimensions of our mind (as if it were really possible to document the metaphysical).

Jorge Luis Borges (Argentina 1899 – 1986) refuted the concept of time, both past and future. He is not alone in these refutations. In his “Doctrine of Cycles” he reminds us that “the Pythagorians and Stoics argued that God’s knowledge is unable to comprehend infinite things and the eternal rotation of the worldly process serves to familiarize God with it.”

Singular events that occur in the past are joined together by our imaginations (logical and illogical); and the documentation is ubiquitous. These imaginings occur in a matter of split seconds, yet can result in conjunctions of events spread over millennia.

I apologize for using time as my first basis to abnegate time.

There are two documents which stand alone and are separated by almost three millennia. They are not joined by time; yet we have joined them together in our minds. The first document is Plato’s “Republic.” The second one is “Democracy in America” by Tocqueville. We can, without much difficulty and with sufficient perseverance, join them together by placing them in the category of political philosophy. They are stitched together with the writings of Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. This series of writings (The Apology, The Crito, Politics, The Prince, Leviathan, Constitutional Government, Democracy and Participation) make up the intricate needlework offered by Professor Steven Smith, Yale University, in his clear and concise on-line course “Political Philosophy, PLSC 114.”

Each author was a separate man, with separate thoughts modified by separate times. Only the human ability to think has linked them together  .    .   .  and then  .   .   .  linked them together with this thing we call time. As you can clearly see, time is not real, it is an imaginary thing that we have used to tie our thoughts into neat little packages. Space is likewise a tool that we use to identify where one object stands in relationship to another (or the cultural distance between nations and people). Space becomes even more nebulous when we consider the cosmogonies; experts say that our universe is expanding while subsets of it are collapsing.

Our language, “a system of grunts and squeals” (professes Chesterton), serves to assist us in linking unthinkable thoughts together. Professor Smith, due to an oversight or possible lack of time, has failed to mention one other writer who has played a major part in the crocheting (with the thread of the writings mentioned above) political philosophy. That man is Averroes, the physician and thinker of Cordoba, Islamic Spain (Andalusia), eleventh century A.D..

Averroes, through his mental dexterity and perseverance, translated Aristotle. This we know. What we do not know is the name of the adventurous fellow who spirited Averroes’ translations across the Pyrenees. We also know that these translations gave the Renaissance a head start on its way to pre-science.

Andalusia (al Andalus) brings me back to my original thought of a God who is ignorant of borders, frontiers, and their supersets; time and space. When considering al Andalus, or Southern Iberia if you prefer that nomenclature, I am forced to observe the originations of borders that have been long forgotten. I offer the following list of events that depict cultural borders.

• The purported vanishing of borders between Neanderthal and invading Homo Sapien through hybridization (Duarte, et al)
• The expansion of the Iberian Megalithic Culture northward to Stonehenge and Scandinavia
• The invasion of the Celts
• The control of the coastlands by the Phoenicians
• Cultural borders between the Lusitani, the Celitici, the Turditani and the Turdoli
• The invasion of the Romans (stymied for eight years by an Iberian herdsman named Variatus)
• The Visigothic crush of the Romans and establishment of Kingdoms
• Islamic Arabic and Berber force’s invasion of Iberia via the Straights of Gibraltar
• The establishment of an independent Islamic Emirate
• Averroes’ translations during the muddling of borders by the always changing Islamic Party Kingdoms (Tiafas)
• Christian Militias pushing back on Islamic borders until they no longer existed.

The confusion created by this blending, re-blending and folding back of borders and cultures may be shown with a more up-to-date example. Aristotelian logic was translated from Greek to Arabic and absorbed by the Renaissance; then translated to French and modified by European thought. This new Marxist Aristotle was finally translated back to Arabic and forced on the colonized Maghreb. Things that once appeared in a unique fragment of time were now blended to the point where only God knows what actually occurred.

This now offers me my intended opportunity to relate how God is ignorant of time and space; likewise the frontiers and borders that man invents. It also brings me to the point where I admit that time and borders blend into God; a truly spiritual yet unexpected outcome. This circular theme centers in the small village of Loiza Aldea, Puerto Rico. Prior to defining Loiza Aldea I am required to reference Iberia and Africa in pre-Loiza Aldea periods.

In Spain the defeat of the Islamic Moors was celebrated as the result of one main event; the miraculous appearance of St. James the Apostle (Santiago Apostel) to the embattled Catholic Militias. This appearance gave the militias the will to fight. Subsequently these militias became controllers of the Catholic sheep raising cartel (the Mesta). Spanish farmers were severely misused by the cartel. The Mesta was allowed to herd and drove its sheep wherever it wished. Farm crops were overrun and destroyed by the sheep. Compensation was not required to be paid for the damage. The famished and desperate people migrated from Spain by the thousands; many of them establishing their new homes in Puerto Rico.

In Africa, at the same time, Nigerian Yoruba Tribes were decimated by Islamic slave traders. Some of these slaves were brought to Puerto Rico to work the farms. Eventually the class gap between rich and poor grew wider. Many poor Spanish families squatted on the edges of the swampy lagoons of Carolinas east of Old San Juan. This squat village soon became known as El Fangito (the swamp). Over the years some of these families were joined by Yoruban families. The people of El Fangito were eventually forced to move (by their own government who destroyed their homes). Escaped slaves and freemen had previously migrated to Loiza Aldea where a Native Indian (Taino) compound existed.

The native Tiano had, as their queen, “Yuiza.” The Yorubans had, as their warrior god, “Chango.” The Spanish had, as their patron, “Santiago Apostel.”

Each July in Loiza Aldea a ten day festival is held to commemorate the victory of Santiago Apostel. But the borders and frontiers are in voluntary disarray. The Islamic Iberian Moors and slave traders have taken on the persona of “Vijigantes”; played by locals who are dressed in colorful and blousy costumes and frightful masks made of coconut shells. Multiple images of Santiago Apostle, Queen Yuiza and warrior Chango share the streets with each other. St. Peter, patron of the local church, also holds a prominent place. The flag of Loiza Aldea is flown with its multi-cultural simulacrums of the yellow Yoiza River, the bells of the local church, and shared colors of all inhabitants.

God remains ignorant of borders or cultural frontiers in Loiza Aldea. He remains unaffected by the time or space that their ancestors occupied. Yet their God (a trinity of Spanish, African and Carribean cultures) is now One.

© Copyright – Waldo Tomosky

Venturi effect : return of condensation at the top of mountains coming from green slopes retained (my Victoria Peakring mountain of Enlightenment…)

This article is linked to http://safeearthsolutions.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=507&action=edit for rivers soft and clean energy power stations.

 CLEAN Contribution for :

“TerreVivantepourToujours” – “AliveEarthforEver”

!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!

The RICE FIELDS (picture on top of the front page) are not enough ! WHY ? Because atmosphere self-regulation of  perspiration, of evaporation of trees is missing ! Easter Island / isla de Pasqua, in Pacific ocean is dry…(with full of erosion). Then at the same latitude (North) JAVA ISLAND is full of water with trees around rice fields keeping everywhere water a lot ! To stay unmoved with a weight on the head (or around the body), like statues (waiting a “Savior”)…, is it enough ? SAME STARTING CLIMATE CONDITIONS but NOT THE SAME RESULTS…, WHY ? - overpopulation ? - insufficient and inadequate management of landscapes (trees, humus, water) ? - excess of cattle (giving methane with a lot of global warming) ? - waiting of “gods”…, when only inside advises of own help are possible (because we are on Earth, to become better creators… too) ? …All together ????

SOFT & STRONG THERMODYNAMICS EFFECTS

On the slopes of mountains (or big hills)  with high vegetation and embankments enough…, a convection STRONG effect of the humid air begin with it descent along the slopes. Arrived in plate soils around, where sun is stronger, the evaporation (braking of molecules) absorb heat in this air, which go up to the top.

Then accelerated by Ventury effect and the altitude cooler, there is condensation (molecules of water recreated with the heat transported) and refresh. Clouds, rain or smog are created !

This convection exchange in altitude is very strong, but only there…, as pilot of glider live it to fly with ascending air. But, this landscapes arrangement and LOCAL climate efficiency is also a very good system to make rain, or to keep humidity IN PLACE.

 The convection stop the hot wind in summer (and diminish global warming about 35 times more than dry air), because the two types of air (humid an dry) cannot be mixed !

This effect very strong in all conditions of atmosphere, if it is maintained low when each place of the continents (as around Mexico ocean),  to hot, ranges of trees can diminish hot air for humid one (difference rate of  35 times in theory…!), a good and simple manner to low down the difference of temperature starting the tornado’s effects !

So, to prevent tornadoes damages (in center of USA) to solutions should be used :

- around cities to refresh hot soil air, lot of trees and rice fields with watering with sprinklers ;

- in suburbs of too hot cities, to refresh the air with sprinklers (making fine rain, drizzle, mist, more efficient with very little drops to refresh air…) used in each street and garden !

Because the causes of tornadoes is contrast of hot air down…, and fresh air  coming from north regions in clouds upper theses soils.

And, it is so important to know that reverberation of hot an dry soils is more difficult to cold than to heat (like in a cement kiln were bricks need four days to cold when to heat is very quickly : about 24 hours)…, it is why LOT of humid VEGETATION in place (in deep soils) is so important, as inside the too dry countries.

VENTURI STRONG EFFECT of dense atmosphere returned at the top of hills covered of trees, the soils retained by embankments

 TO NEARLY SOLVE CHINA COAL DUST POLLUTION :

In China government said  in 2013 that more than 400 villages are under heavy pollution of dust coal (or chemical in rivers). But in Amazonia “terra negra” with coal was  discovered, on  2or 3 meters deep, on indian’s arrangement during about 400 years to got a soil for goods cultures.

If China choice to make everywhere landscapes arrangements like these two figures, when the trees are transpired, the pollution of dust coil will be lay down by dense air of theses trees. Rest to find a solution in winter !

In that disposal, HEAVY TRACTORS are not the solution in humus and humid soils

Here is a new conception of plugh easy to be tractor-drawn by horse. As half floating plughs with two cylinders closed turning  with helical opposite senses ploughshares parts  to return the soil.

• The cheaper rotated plughs should be made with two straight trunks of oak, machine-turned on them two ends (pillow-bloks of wood and conical parts), to link them with to harness of wood (with grease, as the axis wheels of old carts).

Good Example  of this cycle in “La Reunion” island : (http://videos.arte.tv/fr/videos/x_enius-6293986.html)

Each Day ont this island of La Reunion, because of the relief very high, the cycle of creation of clouds with rain is coming back each day (nearly at the same hour in afternoon). Each evaporation of trees contribute… (at the most hot moment of the day) to push density and humid air down (with humidity of ocean too). Giving a lot of returned hot and humid ocean air in altitude (refreshed at the top of mountains, with more condensation, because of the retractable Ventury effect).

I saw it in the Martinique Island too, enough high…, but not in over ones without relief : like Maurice Island or Guadeloupe islands, or Easter Island (so far and poor)…!

ANY MORE PROBES TO CHANGE OURS TOO HOT LANDSCAPES ?

One’s more PROBE that you can test on a road bordered of big trees in clean campaign (not in USA, they are not except in town, shame on them with theirs deserts in the south…), a road where are running on only “rare” old cars “smoking” a lot. Under the trees, the smoke is not smelled because humid and dense air going down around you. But if you go out of the shadow of the trees, the smoke is dilated, expanded and return to the top of the trees…, beur’kkk’SS !!!

Fever ! You have your micro-climate probe of  ”EarthAliveforEver” !

RESULTS of this type of design with… embankments covered with lot of trees : 

- GAIN OF PERFECT LOCAL CLIMATE (increasing without hot winds of sand ) !

- GAIN OF TREES growing faster TO SELL (or for cooking) !

- GAIN OF HUMUS !

- GAIN OF PERFECT HUMID SOILS because they are RETAINED !

- to STOP AGRICULTURE POLLUTION DISPERSION !

- to solve missing of soils in agriculture productivity !  

There too, it is possible to build WIND MILL on the top of those efficient artificial family hills…, with nearly permanent vertical wind between 5 to 10m/s…, as I discovered it in Morocco in 1969, in light airplane flights (on a forest in light slope, near a little airport not far from Casablanca) : with a VERY STRONG EFFECT of evaporation, so strong that… not able to allow my Cessna to land on landing strip of airport near by the forest !!!

ONE’S MORE, to STOP to keep those DRY VALLEYS…, with lot of erosion like around Colorado River / Great Canyon… and so “on” ???

Were Global warming growing up crazy…!

FOLIAGE of TREES IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SURFACE OF EXCHANGE, OF NATURAL AND SELF-REGULATION REPORTED TO SUMMER OF HUMID PERSPIRATION indispensable on continents !

OTHERS GOOD LIES of the LANDS :

Different forms of landscapes corrections to manage the climate sure and durable

YES…! WITH THE GREEN JILLAROO  WORLD TEAMS : ” WE CAN” !  Said Siting Bull… (now in a clear dimension…, I hope so…).

SITING BULL

So…, dear courageous cow-girls (and cow-boys ‘aah-round’ of ‘Koursk’…), a drawing is better (than a long false speaks of politicians…, not going to poles melted, looking reality in face : overflowing of oceans, may be tomorrow : not only in Holland and Bangladesh or Bangkok)…

… to explain how may change the micro-climates in place, each by each !

THE GLOBAL WARMING… OUT ?

YEAH’SS ‘week Cannes’ ?             Hummmm !              No lie ! WE CAN !

*** Yes…, because LOT of TREES ON EMBANKMENTS around all soils is “the” solution 35 times stronger against Global warming (of heat absorption than dry air, with 100 liters of water per each TREE pumped in deep soils and restore in place in good period as summer need it, without FLOODS or DRYNESS…).  

The reducing coefficient of HEAT with HUMID AIR is 35 MORE EFFICIENT than DRY AIR ... to reduce GLOBAL WARMING !!! ***

To stock water, humus (7cm/25 years) & avoid A LOT floods an dry weather : only THAT SOLUTION (as in oasis…, and nearly in rice fields – but without enough trees !)

Understanding that  is REALLY “little” MORE EFFICIENT…, than damages of 25% of gas of CO2 and NH4 (methane).

Terraces rice fields in North-Vietnam (in DRY countries MORE TREES on each level on embankments are absolutely necessary to report humidity from humid season to dry one !)

(Google Earth source) ALL OF US are CREATORS of our LIFE ! It is SURE…, but only when we need it literal !Like a new Planet of consciousness effectively responsable of the global energies …! Thinking and maintaining :

1. “- I AM… MY BODY IN LOVE (perfect) !
2.  - I AM… THE ENERGIES IN LOVE (air, water, earth, fire/light)
3.  - I AM… THE PLANET IN LOVE (balanced) !
4.  - I AM… THE UNIVERSE IN LOVE !
5.  - The SAFE AIDS and inspirations are always mines !
6.  - I AM GOD TOO (by my intentions) ! And NEVER ALONE !

THE GOD thoughts need all largely PERFECT…, as you need your HEALTHY life too…, not so specialized…, but with a lot of diversity in yours jobs with the nature. Truth, beauty, kindness first !

Dears Girls (and farmers), not only on your horse, and with to much of cows ! With shovels, to love soils, and may be to say you are saved from snakes viewed in peace, them far from you !

It seems that at the beginning of the planet, when the dry continents were not up (all one ocean…), the climate was quiet…, and began to change and disturb the thermal balance when they appeared (look at the good teaching site : http://www.urantia.org ).

!§!§!§!§!

The discovery of millennial stones pyramids give an example of not durable experiences, (like recently in Bosnia, or in Yucatan before). Those pyramids can not growing up like live ones, with embankments and trees around, and are often hidden in the ground under meters of good soils, or destructed by winds of sand…!

To be waiting more energy coming from the sky do not give water and good lives around (as in Egypt, Middle East and so “on”…!). The world population would like to find “real” and “safety” life in HOT and DRY stones cities, but it is not possible ! Only virtual ones not vital at all !!!  Waiting from “gods” and then, avoiding to work in Real Nature well retained and manage… is impossible !

It is not necessary to play radical amish attitudes (or other muslim and catholic only “happy” to pry n stone monuments…) to understand that !

It is enough to open ours eyes : life in desert is impossible… without manage it very exactly, more than in poor oasis (with lot of trees, like in Amazon, but in agroforestery with narrow fields between lines of trees spaced of 9 m. to keep a LOCAL CLIMATE humid and durable…).

Alls yours pets and animals of farm, with them noses near the good energies of grass, know that ! Ask them ! Stay foot nudes in the grass.

Not to “play” “big foots” in dry high mountains like Everest !!! Yeti was certainly a genetics enormous mistake of Atlantis to make slavery of strong animals near humans (given at least towns in the sea is nearly discovered near Cuba) ! Nothing is separate in ours missing of Earth University managements Do we need to learn of our mistakes of the past ?  In our dreams…, we CAN (asking it) !  Better than to go each life in excessive manners and  trying to destroy the planet !

!*!*!*!*!

That explain why dry continents have to be covered of TREES EVERYWHERE, with theses balanced forest-garden in Agroforestery retained !

One example among lot of others… : In south of Spain, So hot town of Cadix have a Natural park on a peninsula just in front, but only dry soils around… The white towns as Cadix are not enough to really change climate. All countries of south and everywhere around the world, need, lot of trees and water retained. Not only castles or big houses, all cars with air-conditioning (the worst against Global warming !).

With ours Bad and hard “plays” in towns, false a lot, each “civilisation” forget the basic attitude with landscapes and climates, thinking that  landscape painter and gardener, peasant, country people are the lower experience on Earth. It is false !

You can control it with this beautiful movie :

http://www.pluzz.fr/frederic-michalak–retour-de-terre-2011-11-01-23h10.html

That is the new real Disney World for the future !

Not an other one more complicated ! With reals various animals (not only Mickey and Peter Pan, or stupid humans like Laurel and Hardy). But like  a real doe and her fawn, not only discovered in a zoo, not Bamby only on cartoons…!

Like me to day, in a real garden forest with two pools, I can see that ! Beautiful fawn jumping upon hedges ! Marvelous ! ‘Mare-voeux-l’USeee’ (joke of french & english) !

Better than the dry steps of rocks of false terraces in Angkor Vat ! To “go toward God” is first to learn how to balance the climate with soft tools (first lesson indeed). Why the populations forget it so quickly ? because they learn that Nature is dangerous !

But THE NATURE WILL COME to US (gods too…), only as we wait it…! “Dangerous” if we fear it ; but also, literally, sure if we LOVE IT ! As energies waiting in OUR OWN belief ! Eden garden may be in front of us, step by step ! With a little help in landscapes works (more than to come without seed of trees or vegetables, more than to travel too much to visit only false temples in rocks).

PEAK-RING OF LIGHT are they the only REAL MONTS ?

All our so beautiful Nature is the Real Temple of God…! The “alone” TRUTH of good and saved experiences ! 

So…, naïve, ingenious citizens…, we all have to CHANGE a lot ! But not to stay all our life in false towns…! It is wrong, with the worst EXCESS ! The job is not to make more children, but to cure the inlet child, of excess of heavy false belief, if not enough in phase quiet and healthy with our body (Lise Bourbeau cure is eye to want to free herself of lot of work excessive obligations, and explain very well diseases front to believe all in excess – E.T.C. Inc, Canada – Book “Ecoute ton corps / Listen your body”).

In 1987 August, during the Harmonics Convergence of Peace, an CALM earth angel came in my life, out of space and time, to help my inside lightning and awaking : her name Victoria Pickering (based in MONT-REAL…!), probe that angels levels need a REAL CHANGE on Earth with lot of Garden of Eden everywhere, as in the old past centuries !

Our so beautiful Earth offer us a lot of various lessons, but not being always closed, not breathing and moving  enough : one life in palaces, the others in slums…, never being free to appreciate a lot a Nature well-managed, and here, in one of billions physical words to control our productions and overpopulation REALLY !!!

Not like a dark movie to see far from US…, to pray GOD just changing…  the “others” (never us first… for the Best to Live) ! No way “fatal” ! No, never Juge “upstairs” other than US…

We are GODS too, experimental ones, first for oneself ! Ours best solutions must said coming perfect, as the universe do it !

Not in false… dreams…, comedies in theatre with air-conditioned…, fables of world imperfect…, stories of end of the world…, fairytale of Blanche Neige…, movies of man in black…, wars with oneself only on “play”… stations.

NO !

The Human Body was build TO MOVE CALM a LOT in clear and healthy HUMID Nature, clean centuries after clean centuries !

In accord with that, how to change easily overpopulation (and unemployment) : the pregnant girls and women continue to give breast, bosom, few years to her child, or continue to pull out milk. That give her sterile the time she need !

As in Congo, the primate Bonobo does perfectly for 6 years…, to stay in accord with the fruits production of the primary forest !!!

 From the  Earth native : Jacques “Tests-Serve” (France) 68 y.o., – old fellow of natural joy in various landscapes, many lives ago…, as YOU are, on Earth…, a “deep mortal” world …, may be, only if you think so (quickly out…, if you see it like a ‘ss’st’hard’, as not enough healthy moved Michael Jackson Witney Huston too ?) and lot of citizens in artificial and difficult lives of dirty towns, “moved” false  (without real JOY in stupid artificial technical engines and ‘costumes’) !

To collect branches of old trees is an so easy and pleasant job for an old man like me !

!*!———–!*!———–!*!

REAL EXAMPLE OF RECTIFIED DESERT (IN FRANCE)

A part of French Department of “Drôme des collines” with OLD HILLS of SAND is now occupied on their top by little fields bordered of little forests. During summer, the very dry and hot climate, with lot of wind (very strong in that large “vallée du Rhône” call “Mistral”) do not arrive to destruct this vegetation (oaks,chesnuts). But, the farmers must take care to not use the same methods as productive ones run ! Not to plough deeply, because the sand is not far under…! A son of an old farmer (happy to have a big tractor as a FAST “toy” of stupid boy with “big arms”…) made this enormous mistake…, and is father was furious, speaking to me ! It was too late ! The false was there ! Lot of farmers need not understand that they have to SAY to be helped inside for theirs choices. There is the constant help they need ! The universal knowledge “one”, very large and wise !

!*!———–!*!———–!*!

Natural agroforestery…, or centuries forgotten one ? Is it enough  in dry climate ? NO : retained water and humus too !!!

 Google Earth – Socotra island جزيرة سقطرى

EXAMPLE OF POSSIBLE LOCAL CLIMATES RECTIFIED DESERTS EVERYWHERE 

Two manners to stop deserts inflation : near oceans and in mountains, with terraces, bordered of embankments covered of trees a lot !                                                         With this kind of forests in slope or green pyramids, it is possible to manage in SEA SIDE (and inside countries with RANGE of PYRAMIDS of  date palms) : FREE AIRPLANE TRANSPORTS by glider, fly wing, parachute, with convection of air ascension ! The date palms pyramids growing up by steps as the sand deposed in center of them.  The other transports by little sail boat should be used on narrow canals between pyramids valleys… No petrol at all !

YES WE CAN…”CLEANGREENAIRWATERDESERTROADS”

New type of soft and clean transport modes by air and canal (or river) without energy more, only the wind existing or auto-produced by pyramids (very STRONG on midday of summer…, as i discovered it very astonish, in Morocco during the 7 th, in altitude with courses of driving a light plane on a forest in little slope).

On the blog http://safeearthsolutions.wordpress.com (subtitle in french) is given simple solution to produce clean hydro-electricity with basins of 12 m diam. disposed along the rivers and drived by current of rivers. They may be used in this solution to give electricity to lot of fans pushing the boats when wind is missing (or not enough) !

Like around mouth of river “oued Draâ” in Africa, it is possible to build Green-air-water-desert-”roads” through deserts, without any help of petrol, gas or asphalt road…! LET US CHANGE ! And not only in USA ! Where they cry :”Time is money !”…, but only a limit relative to an obsolete model, when petrol disappear…, with those so fast lives give the worst to our durable health…, as to ours children, and the Planet !”

NO “NEWS” RESEARCH to “wait”, to hope with hard, dirty and expensive “science” (as in France… very long & expensive they “sell” it…), but to occupy the land, feeling it and change it… of bad lives in “pretty” town, always in sitting, out of real FULL effects ! THE CLEAN ENERGIZE INDEPENDENCE IS NOT SO FAR from US…The plenty answer, to recuperate current of rivers everywhere, with manners soft and durable is on http://safeearthsolutions.wordpress.com (click the subtitle in french)

!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!

WHAT KIND OF “PAYS-SAGE”(Fr)…, OF WISE COUNTRY FOR THE FUTURE ?

No ” Universal rule” at all put “obligation” to got OVERPOPULATION… IN TOWNS, as describe on : http://www.urantia.org/urantia-book-standardized/paper-72-government-neighboring-planet http://www.urantia.org/fr/le-livre-d-urantia/fascicule-72-le-gouvernement-sur-une-planete-voisine (in french, the same in english on the web site)  . So on this world, they have wise manners to manage their continent  ! Not so stupid as “US” in our planet thinking to be “at the top” with crazy arms… and fights, then this other world (nearly the same) decrease her police forces  !

And where they have to know to teach other “late” countries with students coming on their soil, formed and going back overseas to share theirs new know-how at home…, not to stay in the “advanced” country as slaved over workers…! Because, each part of a world is different (as his varied nature) and must stay it a lot  !

First of them rules is to keep families in nature on 1/2 hectare (1.25 acre, as 75m x 75m of soils). If not, no marriage and family is allowed and possible… And the towns must not growing more than 1 billion of inhabitant !!!

Government is very wisely organised and managed too, without vote “holdall”… !

Yes, on Earth, we HAVE REALLY TO CHANGE !

!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!*!

BEST ENERGIES ARE THEY PEACE, CALM ONE’S ?

Face to my three times of self-cures, a little bit different, the commun denominator was only : to recover CALM, PEACE inside myself (at a spirit level, but cellular too) !

My conclusion is that Universal energies answered best to CALM wishes and attitude, than in chaotic tendency of our losed society (in phobic research to not “move” false with more and more dirty & dangerous energies…).

Excursion, trip (outing, run…) VERY USEFUL with HORSES in autumn 

Please, be useful to HELP nature “DESERTIFIED”, with your horse, the saddlebags full of acorns, to plant trees first at top of dry hills…(the slopes doing the rest…), sowing of coak (cork in south, or green sort). And also, the same for yours pips or pits of fruits eating on your road !

Every Burn since Roman times BurningMan and Deathguild’s Thunderdome has hosted a DeathMatch between two hardened brigands. In the fight where both win a prize – the sweet silence of everlasting death for one and freedom from imprisonment for the other – this year, 2011, is MUST WATCH DEATHMATCH.

DeathGuild and BurningMan held a joint press conference on the ashes of Empire, NV to announce the first DeathMatch Gladiator:

He’ll hit you as many ways as you can spell his name.

His bizarre fashion sense will blind you like playa dust thrown in your eyes.

He’s as crazy as San Francisco Giants Relief pitcher Brian Wilson.

His lengthy rambling talks will feel like 100 bodyshots.

He’s won more prize money than Floyd “The MoneyMaker” Mayweather.

After stepping in the ring with him you’ll soon be begging for the services of his voluptuous blonde Ukrainian nurse.

Yes folks, weighing in at 10 stone not counting the chemical weapons hidden in his rhinestone covered boxer briefs the 42 time Libyan heavy weight champion and war criminal…

The Terror of Tripoli

The Bashaw of Benghazi

The Marader of the Mahgreb

The Jumping Jehoshaphat of Juventus

wait for it…wait for it…wait for it

Muammar Ghaddafi!

At the time of the press release The Colonel was not available for comment. The whereabouts of his secret training facility, rumored to be at a Toureg desert Oasis, hidden from the press and the world.

Stay Tuned to find out which War Criminal Ghaddafi will be facing off against. Because the Man Burns in less than 90 days and justice will Burn even brighter.

On May 27, inFOCUS editor Matthew RJ Brodsky interviewed Michael Chertoff, the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security from 2005-2009. As secretary he developed and implemented border security policy, homeland security regulations, and a national cyber security strategy. He also served periodically on the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, and on the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. Prior to his appointment to the Cabinet, Mr. Chertoff served as the assistant attorney general for the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, where he oversaw the investigation of the 9/11 attacks. Today, he is senior of counsel at the law firm of Covington & Burling in Washington, DC.

iF: The Obama administration decided to abandon the term “war on terror” in favor of “overseas contingency operation.” Is this a semantic shift, or does it have practical consequences?

MC: Actually, I don’t know if that’s accurate. I don’t know that they have abandoned it. Sometimes I hear them use it and sometimes I hear them not using it, so I don’t want to characterize what their position is.

I think that the problem with the war on terror is that it is treating terror as a tactic. Although I think we all know what we mean when we say it, but I mean if you want to be literal it’s not literally accurate because terror is a tactic. I think that we are at war. I do think that the enemy is radical Islamist ideologues and their network. Obviously, al-Qaeda is part of that network but there are other parts of that network as well. And, we are in different degrees of war. We are in a hot war with some and a cold war with others. So it’s a little more complicated than the sound-bite but I think it is more accurate.

iF: Just yesterday the president’s top counterterrorism advisor, John Brennan, described the violent extremists as victims of political and economic social forces. But he said that those plotting attacks in the U.S. should not be described in religious terms. So if America’s adversaries are very clear in how they define us as enemies, why is it so difficult for the U.S. to identify with whom we are at war? Is the administration currently missing the boat here?

MC: Well again, I spent a lot of time when I was secretary talking to people, including many Muslims, about what is the right way to refer to adherents to the ideology that we’re fighting. And, there is an Arabic term, takfirism, which means basically the view is that everybody who disagrees with me is an apostate and should be killed, which is probably the most accurate but unintelligible. I don’t think you can avoid the fact that the people in this ideology are arguing, incorrectly, but nevertheless arguing, that they are reflecting a religious mandate. And so what I like about the term “radical Islamism” or “extremist Islamism” is that it makes it clear that we’re talking about Islam not as a religion but as a political doctrine – and that we’re talking not about all political Islam but extremist political Islam.

That being said, if we are not willing to be candid about the fact that it is a self-described movement that claims religious roots, then we’re not being honest about what it is we’re facing. Similarly, when I was a prosecutor, we did organized crime. I’ll never forget Governor Cuomo criticized us for using the term “La Cosa Nostra mafia.” Then I was the U.S. attorney prosecuting a case called the “Commission Case,” and we had tapes where the guys on the tapes said: “we’re the mafia, we’re La Cosa Nostra.” And so when the tapes got played in court, Cuomo got embarrassed. And Rudy [Giuliani] was Italian. But nevertheless he acknowledged that the group itself, while not emblematic of Italians by any means, did select only Italians or people of Italian lineage to be made members, and that was a self-imposed rule. So you can’t ignore that; that was part of how the group set itself up. So, to me, radical Islamism or extreme Islamism is probably the right balance to have.

iF: Do you see a pattern in the recent spate of terrorist incidents at Fort Hood, the Christmas Day bomber and Times Square. What do these mean?

MC: Well, we’ve had homegrown terrorists before. If you go back to 2002-2003, the Lackawanna Six – the people that we convicted up in Oregon and Washington. It does seem like there’s an uptick. And I think it’s attributable to two reasons. First, there’s been a self-conscious effort on the part of the extremists to recruit Americans or lawful residents because its gotten much harder to bring foreigners into the country. And second, I think that there’s been a tendency for some populations that have been alienated in this country to become a little bit more active. I think we’ve got much less of that than the Europeans have, by a considerable measure. But we’re a large country and you’re going to find some people who are alienated, and this ideology is one attractive way for them to deal with their alienation.

iF: In January the Pentagon released its report on the Fort Hood massacre carried out by Major Nidal Hasan. Defense Department Secretary Gates said there were “shortcomings” in the Department’s ability to defend against internal influences. In his speech after the failed Christmas Day bombing, President Obama said there were “systematic failures.” Janet Napolitano said, “the system worked.” Which is it? What is the state of our counterterrorism capabilities?

MC: I think our counterterrorism capabilities are good and they’re very much better than they were prior to September 11. They are not perfect, and I think in some cases what you see is human error – people who just didn’t see something they should have seen or perhaps didn’t work as urgently as they should have worked. And that’s what my focus would be. You need to drive this as a matter of leadership; it’s got to be a front-burner issue. The second piece is that you need to continually adapt. The tactics and strategies that worked last year are not all going to work this year because the enemy has adapted. So there’s a need for continuous improvement and focus. And you also finally have to support your field operatives. You know, the people you’re sending out in the field – you’ve got to have their back.

iF: Are we doing that?

MC: Well, I think the decision to go back and revisit the issue of prosecuting CIA agents after that was previously declined was probably not a helpful message. Right now, according to the newspapers, we’re using armed force against people in Pakistan and Yemen. So assuming that to be true, I hope and I would expect that we have the backs of the people who are doing that and in a year or two somebody’s not going to come back and say: “Whoa, wait a second. This is murder and we’ve got to investigate that.” To me, it’s leadership, it’s adaptation, and it is supporting your troops. Those are the three pillars of staying ahead of this.

iF: Did the decision to quickly pivot to charging the Christmas Day bomber as a criminal interfere with investigators’ ability to obtain the maximum amount of information? Was it the right decision?

MC: I can’t answer that because I wasn’t in the room. I think what they did with the Times Square bomber shows a more deliberate and thoughtful approach. Now, sometimes the answer may be that you give a person his Miranda rights because you’ve exhausted everything you can get out of him and, you know, in some of the cases we had we had been investigating people for months. So we had wiretaps and stuff, so we knew everything. The point is that it’s got to be a thoughtful decision; it can’t be a reflex to automatically default to the criminal justice system.

iF: The attempted car bombing in New York on May 1 has been traced back to a Pakistani-born U.S. citizen who spent five months in Pakistan last year. The Tehrik e Taliban Pakistan has claimed responsibility for the attack. What do you make of the fact that nearly every attempted or successful terror attack on Western targets in recent years has been traced back to Pakistan in some capacity?

MC: Well, the Christmas Day would-be bomber was Nigerian who went to Yemen. And we’ve had cases of Somalians. I think that Pakistan is probably still the epicenter of where this extremism is planning and training. But I think we have to watch Somalia, we have to watch Yemen, and we even have to start watching North Africa. I was in North Africa about a week ago and there’s a growing concern there about al-Qaeda in the Maghreb, which is involved in drug trafficking and kidnapping. That group could become the next Yemen. So this is a spreading problem; this is not limited to one geographic area.

iF: The United States has been using unmanned aerial drones to target al-Qaeda and Taliban leaders in Pakistan’s lawless tribal areas. Some have questioned the legality of these “targeted assassinations” while the Obama administration has insisted they are lawful acts of war done in conjunction with the Pakistani government. What is your take?

MC: Well, assuming this to be true, what’s reported, I’m not going to confirm anything, but assuming that to be true I don’t have a problem legally with using force when you’re at war. But some people on the left have not at least hitherto accepted that we are at war, so they’re going to have to figure out how they deal with this issue. I don’t have a problem with it.

iF: Attorney General Eric Holder has been widely criticized, first for deciding to try terrorist mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in civilian court in New York City, and then for reversing his decision earlier this year. What do you think is the appropriate venue for trying terrorism suspects – civilian court or military tribunal?

MC: I think for people who are captured oversees, I would put them in a military commission. Unless they’re American citizens who under the current law are not allowed to be in a military commission. But if you’re not an American and you’re captured oversees, I see no reason to import you to the United States. Now, people captured in the United States present a different set of issues…

iF: Even if they’re foreign-born?

MC: Even if they’re foreign-born presents a different set of issues. But, certainly if you’re captured oversees I think it’s the right course to put them in a military commission. And frankly I don’t think you need to bring them into the U.S. to do that. I think you can try them somewhere else.

iF: What do you make of the decision to close Guantanamo Bay?

MC: I think it’s going to turn out to be a lot harder than was originally projected. Part of the problem is this: In a way, the easiest way to deal with it is that if someone’s been convicted and they’ve gotten life imprisonment or execution, that’s the easiest thing. You could then put them in a U.S. facility; lock them up at a place like Florence and that would be that.

The people who have not been tried yet or who are being detained, that’s the hard problem because what do you do if at the end of the day you can’t make a criminal case under U.S. criminal law? Do you release them in the U.S.? Do you deport them? Well, look what just happened in Great Britain. A week ago an immigration court in Britain said we have two terrorists that were acquitted, or there was insufficient evidence to charge them with a terror plot. But the court said: these are terrorists. One is clearly a member of al-Qaeda and the other is clearly ready to carry out al-Qaeda’s orders. But, under European law, because there is a slight risk they can be mistreated back in Pakistan, we’re not going to send them back but they have to remain in Great Britain. Now what? Are they going to put them under these control orders? That’s controversial, too. Well, we don’t want to have that in the United States. I can guarantee you that would be a huge mistake. So, before you start bringing people from Guantanamo into the United States you better have all the legal ducks in a row as to what happens if people can’t be convicted. And I don’t think we’re there yet.

iF: What do you make of the report of the transfer of Scud missiles from Syria to Lebanon-based Hezbollah? Is this a “game-changer,” as the Israeli’s have insisted? How should the U.S. respond and does Hezbollah present a threat to the United States or American interests?

MC: Without commenting on the specific report, I think Hezbollah, as I think I’ve said publicly before, is in terms of sophistication the most powerful of the terrorist groups. I mean, they are much more sophisticated than al-Qaeda. They have not attacked Americans directly to my knowledge since the Khobar Tower in 1996. But they do have a growing presence in this hemisphere, which they’ve been in the process of gaining over a period of decades now. I think that the issue has always been: at what point would they engage in hostilities with the United States? I think a lot of that is frankly tied to where we are with Iran. So I think they’re a piece of a larger geo-political issue having to do with Iran and its relationship with the United States and its relationship with the other countries in the region.

iF: Some have argued that the creation of the Homeland Security department merely adds one more level of bureaucracy and red tape to the government. How essential is the department to keeping the U.S. safe? Does it help or hinder the flow of information between governmental agencies?

MC: Actually, it made it much easier. We used to have the various pockets of things that were involved with border and infrastructure security scattered in different departments. So you had a piece of the border stuff in the Department of Justice, another piece in Treasury, another piece in the Department of Transportation, and they never worked together. They had uncoordinated plans. By bringing this department together, we for the first time built a coordinated border plan, which is one of the reasons that – contrary to what you hear on the news – we’ve actually had significant decreases in flow across the border in the last couple of years. We now share platforms between the Coast Guard and Customs and Border Protection. They share intelligence, they have joint planning, and they have joint exercises. So I think like any other maturing organization there are some growing pains, but I think it is significantly far ahead in terms of coordinating on border and infrastructure security than was the case when they were in separate departments.

iF: Excellent. Thank you very much for your time.

*
Preceding reprinted with permission from inFocus Quarterly published by the Jewish Policy Center in Washington, D.C.

L’Emir Abd El-Krim

Le colonialisme et sa première grande défaite

On ne peut pas parler de la guerre du Rif, de Mohamed  Abdelkrim El Khettabi sans citer ce haut fait d’arme qui bouleversa le monde : la bataille d’Anoual .Car cet évènement historique n’est pas seulement une simple victoire  sur l’occupant espagnol, comme tentent de le minimiser certains historiens, mais ce fut sans conteste le déclenchement d’un grand jeu de dominos qui allait entrainer toutes les révolutions populaires à travers le monde contre le colonialisme et l’impérialisme. Tous les grands  soulèvements  populaires qu’a connu la période de colonisation, tels que la guerre du Vietnam, la révolution cubaine, la guerre  d’Algérie… allaient se nourrir de l’énergie et des techniques de guérira adoptées par la révolution marocaine.

Au début du siècle, le monde arabe faisait face à l’avancée des puissances occidentales. Cela  entraina l’apparition d’un mouvement de renaissance en Egypte, la “Salafiya“, qui devait engendrer un  murissement de l’opposition politique et culturelle islamo-arabe face à l’impérialisme mondial. La pensée de la “Fraternité islamique“ naquit  avec Djamel Eddine El Afghani, puis fut reprise et développée par Mohammed Abou. Au Maghreb la “nahda islamique“ allait être l’élément déclencheur du soulèvement de tout le peuple marocain.

Le colonialisme occidental, à sa tête l’Espagne et la France principalement, dans sa conquête d‘une Afrique minée par le sous-développement et les guerres tribales, allait connaitre son premier grand échec  et le début d’une contre offensive à l’échelle planétaire, grâce au courage d’un peuple uni autour d’un homme ingénieux, habile et audacieux : Abdelkrim El Khettabi.

Le Maroc fut le dernier pays du Maghreb à être colonisé. La résistance à la conquête et la dureté des luttes n’en furent pas moins grandes.

La bataille d’Anoual

Abdelkrim commença par mobiliser les rifains autour de sa propre tribu les Béni Ouriaghel. Le ralliement des autres tribus rifaines a été facilité par ailleurs par la violente répression menée par le général Manuel Fernandez Sylvestre, requise par les autorités espagnoles. Aidé par son frère M’Hamed, Abdelkrim a su convaincre les rifains, grâce à son charisme et son honnêteté intellectuelle  de la nécessité impérieuse de combattre les espagnols.

En avril 1921, la réunion du Djebel El Qama cimenta l’accord d’union des différentes tribus rifaines dans leur lutte contre l’occupant. Par le serment d’El Qama, l’Emir Abd El-Krim arriva par s’imposer aux délégués des autres  tribus et à les engager au respect total des décisions collégiales qui allaient dans le sens de la lutte contre l’agresseur espagnol. C’est en 1921 que fut célébrée l’investiture de l’Emir Abd El-Krim sous l’arbre, suivant le rite islamique, du temps du Prophète Mohammed (QSDSL).Cet accord avec l’Emir dans une région sapée par les clivages était une première victoire avant celle d’Anoual qui allait affermir définitivement l’union sacrée de tous les marocains face à l’occupation espagnole.

Tout au début, les moudjahidines marocains se contentèrent d’embuscades et d’actes de sabotage épisodiques. L’Emir organisa ensuite ses troupes en petites unités très mobiles dans les maquis du Rif qu’il connaissait parfaitement. Cette nouvelle technique de guerre dite “guerria “fut donc inaugurée par l’Emir Abd El-Krim au début du XXème siècle.

Plus tard Ho Chi Min et Mao Tse Toung, admiratifs et  redevables envers cet héros pour son génie militaire, le nommèrent le “précurseur“ de la guerria. Surs de leur puissance de feu et décidés à occuper tout le Maroc méridional, les espagnols avancèrent vers la région du Rif jusqu’à présent épargnée. Face à ce mouvement Abd El-Krim tenta d’abord de dissuader les espagnols dans leur avancée, en envoyant un message au général Manuel Fernandez Sylvestre, lui annonçant que le franchissement du fleuve Amekran serait considéré par les rifains comme un acte de déclaration de guerre. On dit que le général espagnol se serait gaussé en apprenant le contenu du message de l’Emir. Se moquant de l’avertissement, les espagnols décidèrent d’installer un poste militaire sur le fleuve Abarran, dirigé par le chef de bataillon Jésus Villar.Le jour même de l’installation de ce poste, le 1^er juin 1921,les militaires espagnols furent encerclés par les combattants rifains.179 soldats espagnols furent tués, le reste du bataillon a fui. Poursuivant son offensive Abd El-Krim lança une grande attaque à Anoual près de Nador.

3000 combattants rifains  postés sur les hauteurs du djebel Gourougou, au dessus de Melilla, se lancèrent sur les soldats espagnols. Les troupes d’occupation furent littéralement écrasées ; plus de 15000 soldats ennemis furent tués et 700 autres faits prisonniers. Aucune autre bataille durant toute l’histoire de la colonisation ne peut être comparée à celle d’Anoual, de par l’éclat et la grandeur de l’engagement. Elle fut aussi la plus héroïque et la plus symbolique du courage d’un peuple opprimé. Face à ce désastre, le général Manuel Fernandez Sylvestre se suicida.

Pour l’Espagne chrétienne la défaite d’Anoual était tout un symbole, avant que ce soit l’un des évènements les plus douloureux de toute son histoire. C’était la victoire de l’Orient sur l’Occident, l’humiliation de la civilisation par la “barbarie», après des dizaines d’années de domination. La victoire d’Abd El-Krim était aussi l’annonce de la fin du mythe d’invincibilité de l’Occident.

Cette grande bataille gagnée par un peuple jugé “inférieur “allait mettre en déroute tout le gouvernement espagnol de l’époque. En effet le 13 septembre 1923 le général Miguel Primo de Rivera prit le pouvoir à Barcelone. Résigné, le Roi Alphonse XIII l’appela à former un gouvernement et lui donna les pleins pouvoirs.

L’Espagne allait se retirer du Maroc après cette défaite. La France, soucieuse de ses intérêts stratégiques dans cette partie du Maghreb, va entrainer la fin de la résistance de l’Emir, grâce à sa coalition avec l’Espagne. Pendant une année (1925-1926), l’Emir va faire face à deux puissances coloniales coalisées : Une armée française de 200 000 hommes, commandée par le maréchal Pétain, lui-même, et l’armée espagnole forte de 250 000 hommes sous les ordres du général Primo de Rivera, le chef du gouvernement. L’aviation dotée de gaz moutarde va faire de terribles ravages sur tous les villages du Rif. Les marocains  furent ainsi les premiers civils gazés massivement dans l’histoire. On dénombre un peu plus de 150 000 le nombre de morts civils durant les années 1925-1926.

Mohamed Abd El-Krim El Khettabi

Fils d’un cadi (juge) Mohamed Abdelkrim El Khettabi est issu de la tribu du clan des Ait Youssef, tribu des Ait Ouriaghel. Il naquit vers 1882 à Ajdir (Maroc).Il fit ses premières études dans les zaouïas traditionnelles et les écoles espagnoles avant d’entrer à l’Université des Qaraouiyines à Fès. Il passa ensuite trois années en Espagne où il étudia la mine et la technologie militaire. Entre 1908 et 1915, il fut journaliste au quotidien de Melilla, où il préconisait déjà la laïcité et la coopération avec les occidentaux pour libérer la “Oumma“ de l’ignorance et du sous développement.

Il entra dans l’administration espagnole et fut nommé Cadi chef de Melilla en 1915. A cette époque il manifestait son opposition à la colonisation espagnole et en 1917 il fut emprisonné pour s’être opposé à l’avancée des espagnols au delà des territoires déjà conquis. Peu après son évasion, il revint à Ajdir et avec son frère M’Hamed, commença à unir les tribus rifaines.

Après la bataille d’Anoual, il proclama en 1922 la République confédérée des tribus du Rif. Un embryon d’Etat amazigh, mais qui se voulait un premier rempart à la colonisation et la naissance d’un Maghreb fondé sur l’Islam et l’amazighité. Durant toute l’année de 1925 la révolution rifaine infligea de lourdes pertes à l’armée française. Ce qui obligea le maréchal Lyautey à la démission.

La France, qui depuis longtemps avait des prétentions sur le Rif méridional, se rendit compte que laisser une coloniale se faire vaincre au Maghreb par des colonisés créerait un hasardeux précédent dans les territoires d’Afrique du Nord. Le maréchal Pétain prit aussitôt la relève et employa les grands moyens, des armes non conventionnelles, les armes chimiques pour mettre un terme à cette guerre. En 1926, Abdelkrim, vaincu par la coalition des armées française et espagnole, se rendit à la France pour épargner aux populations civiles un génocide certain que la France avait déjà commencé en bombardant au gaz des villages entiers du Rif.

Mohamed Abd El-Krim El Khettabi fut le précurseur incontestable de la lutte anticoloniale, non seulement pour le monde arabo-musulman mais pour l’ensemble des peules  opprimés par la colonisation. Il était aussi l’homme providentiel qui allait construire le grand Maghreb arabe, si ce n’est la volenté farouche du colonisateur de mettre un terme à une telle question. Ceci en séparant les  peuples du Maghreb par une double barrière : Une barrière d’abord matérielle par des tracés de frontières artificielles, mais surtout culturelles et identitaires en instituant le sens du  communautarisme arabes, amazigh, sahraouis…au sein d’un même peuple.

Exilé à l’Ile de la Réunion  en 1926, il s’échappa à Suez, à la suite de l’escale qu’à effectué le bateau qui le transportait vers le sud de la France. Il passa le reste de sa vie en Egypte, où il présidera le “Comité de libération pour le Maghreb arabe“. Il mourut  en 1963 au Caire.

Abd El-Krim, le père de la nation maghrébine

En Europe et particulièrement en France la guerre du Rif et la lutte héroïque menée par Abd El-Krim faisait réagir  beaucoup d’observateurs, qui voyaient à travers cette mutation de la résistance armée d’un peuple, l’éveil d’une grande race, d’une grande religion, la religion musulmane. Et le parallèle est vite fait avec les 300 millions de musulmans à travers le monde et l’histoire passée des conquêtes musulmanes. L’Occident tremble. Les communistes européens, qui d’habitude se rangent du coté des peuples colonisés, voient dans cette guerre la réapparition de la civilisation musulmane.

Le député radical français Gaston Thomson posera avec lucidité ce diagnostic : “En présence de telles menaces, on voit qu’il ne s’agit plus seulement du Rif. Tout s’enchaine : Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie et d’autres colonies…“.Avec Abd El-Krim, c’est donc toute l’histoire musulmane de l’Occident colonial, qui, dès 1925 est revisitée par les stratèges français.

“Nous aurions pu libérer l’Algérie, la Tunisie et le Maroc depuis le jour où éclata la guerre du Rif, assure l’Emir en 1950 au quotidien égyptien El Moukkaten.Quelques années avant la tenue de la première conférence des pays non-alignés de Bandoeng, Abd El-Krim avertit les Etats-Unis sur les dangers de  propagation du communisme au Maghreb  due à l’occupation par la France de cette partie du monde. A 70 ans le vieux rebelle reste omnibulé par la libération du Maghreb tout entier de toute occupation étrangère, un Maghreb pour lequel il ambitionne une “Union Fédérale», toujours utopique à l’aube du troisième millénaire.

Kamel Ahriouil

And why not?  At its simplest, tagine is a dish of braised meat, named for the traditional cooking vessel, which is a conical earthenware dish.  The good news is that you can make a tagine in a dutch oven just as easily.  The meat is seasoned with cinnamon, saffron, hot peppers, preserved lemons, olives, dried fruit, or just about any combination thereof.  Recipes for tagines abound, employing all kinds of meat from chicken and rabbit to beef and lamb and sometimes even fish! (Never pork, though.)  As far as I can tell, no two recipes are alike.  It is, however, pretty much always delicious.  The one pictured above was Nick’s creation, a combination of recipes from Robuchon, Clotilde, and a French newspaper.  (Just to illustrate how much a part of daily French cuisine this North African dish has become.)  He used lamb and dried apricots, as well as olives and preserved lemons – which I recommend adding nearer the beginning of the cooking process than the end – and I woke up from my requisite Saturday afternoon nap to an apartment filled with heavenly smells.  We served it over barley couscous procured from the local halal butcher (along with the majority of the other ingredients – yay one-stop shopping!) which is much more complicated to cook than we thought.  Fortunately Robuchon had us covered there, too, and we followed his instructions for steaming the grains three separate times.  That is, the couscous is steamed three times, not that it took us three attempts!

Later, after getting my copy of The Sweet Life in Paris by David Lebovitz, which I devoured in a matter of hours (I can’t find white wine vinegar either!  Why doFrench jeans have zippers all over?), I found that he, too, had included a recipe for tagine.  I could go on and on about what a fun book it is, but I’ll just say that if you want to know what it’s really like to live in Paris, read it.  And then go make a big, fragrant pot of tagine.

Originally published on Croque-Camille.

I happen to work with a guy from Tunisia, and when I expressed an interest in spicy foods, harissa in particular, he offered to bring me some handmade harissa direct from the source.  How could I refuse?  Opening it, I was struck by its deep reddish-brown color and spicy-smoky scent.  This was a far cry from the bright orange condiment I see so often in Paris.  And it tastes wonderful.  Spicy, yes, but also rich and smoky with a pleasant deep sweetness.  Sound anything like everyone’s favorite smoked jalapeños?

On a recent trip to our closest Halal butcher (It bears repeating that those Halal guys really know their way around a roast chicken!), I noticed that they had handmade merguez for sale.  Merguez, for the uninitiated, is a spicy lamb sausage originating from, where else, North Africa.  So our Sunday morning meal was a done deal.  Merguez, scrambled eggs, and harissa – Breakfast of Champions!

Originally published on Croque-Camille.

Fig. 1. Approximate location of some sites discussed in the text. Open circles represent sites or levels dated to the late Pleistocene (i.e. older than c. 10000 BP) ; filled circles are sites or levels dated to the early and mid-Holocene. The hatched areas, the limits of which are estimated, mostly contain sites that would be represented by filled circles. a, the main region for Capsian escargotières ; b, the Pyrenean region and southern France in which there are many sites containing abundant land snails ; c, the northeastern Adriatic region which also contains numerous such sites. Individually numbered sites are : 1, the Muge middens – B Moita do Sebastião, Cabeço da Arruda, Cabeço da Amoreira – B where land snails appear to be found only with human burials ; 2, Nerja Cave ; 3, Ifri n’Ammar, Ifri-el- Baroud, Taghit Haddouch, Hassi Ouenzga ; 4, Taforalt ; 5, Afalou bou Rhumel, Tamar Hat ; 6, Grotta di Pozzo, Grotta Continenza ; 7, Grotta della Madonna, Grotta Paglicci, Grotta di Latronico ; 8, Grotta dell’Uzzo, Grotta di Levanzo, Grotta Corruggi ; 9, Rosenburg ; 10, Pupi´ cina Cave and other Istrian sites ; 11, Donja Branjevina ; 12, Foeni Salas ; 13, Cyclope Cave ; 14, Maroulas ; 15, Franchthi Cave ; 16, Haua Fteah ; 17, Laspi VII ; 18, Hoca Çesme ; 19, Ilıpınar ; 20, Öküzini Cave ; 21, Kissonerga Mylouthkia ; 22, Ksar ‘Akil ; 23, Djebel Kafzeh, Hayonim Cave, Erq el-Ahmar, Mugharet ez-Zuitina, Ein Gev ; 24, Asiab, Gerd Banahilk, Jarmo, Karim Shahir, Nemrik 9, Palegawra, Tepe Sarab, Shanidar Cave layer B, Warwasi, Zawi Chemi Shanidar.

Are land snails a signature for the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition?

Prehistoric edible land snails in the circum-Mediterranean : the archaeological evidence.

Early Holocene Maghreb prehistory: an evolutionary approach

In this paper we have presented arevised model of cultural development in the early Holocene of the Maghreb using an evolutionary approach which focuses on adaptive processes rather than a diffusionist approach which emphasizes outside contact. In doing so we have argued the following points:

• 1. There is continuity between the Ibero-maurusian and early Holocene industries of Algeria and Tunisia
• 2. There is little evidence at present for influence, either cultural or biological ,from the east.
• 3. During the early Holocene in Algeria and Tunisia two traditions developed from the Iberomaurusian; one located in the west (vicinity of Sétif and west) and the other in the east (eastern Constantine Plains and the Tébessa-Gafsa region).
• 4. Variations within each of these traditions can probably be explained, at least in part, to functional or activity-related variation rather than ethnicity.
• 5. A phase difference, which divides the Eastern tradition (and possibly theWestern tradition) into two chrono-logical periods (Early and LateCapsian), can be defined on the basis of technological differences in bladelet production.

The primary explanatory processesinvoked in our argument are: (1) adaptation to Late Pleistocene/Early Holo-cene environmental change; (2) the effects of relative geographical isolationon populations moving into a large land mass; and (S) descent with modification from slightly divergent (technologically) ancestor populations (western and eastern Iberomaurusian). We present this model as a hypothesis for examination in the hope that it willstimulate debate and lead to research designed to obtain the types of data(biological, environmental, technological/stylistic) needed to evaluate both it and alternate formulations.

 A paper about the the stone tool cultures in the Mahgreb. Knowing now that the neolithic did introduce some new people into the area, a possible combo of in situ development plus Neolithic influence is most likely for the Capsian culture, IMO.

Mauritania

October 12, 2011

The U.S. Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the risks of traveling to Mauritania, and urges extreme caution for those who chose to travel to Mauritania due to increased activities by the terrorist group al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). AQIM continues to demonstrate its intent and ability to conduct attacks against foreign nationals, including U.S. citizens. This replaces the Travel Warning for Mauritania, issued on March 11, 2011, to update information on security incidents and remind travelers of security concerns.

As noted in the Department of State’s Worldwide Caution dated July 26, 2011, AQIM has been designated as a terrorist organization by both the United States and the European Union.

As a result of perceived Western involvement in counterterrorism efforts, AQIM has declared its intention to attack Western targets. It is possible that AQIM will attempt retaliatory attacks against Western targets of opportunity. The Mauritanian military continues to engage in action against AQIM elements.On June 24, 2011, Mauritanian security forces conducted a raid against an al-Qaida camp in the Wagadou forest region in Northwestern Mali, with assistance from the Malian army. The offensive resulted in the death of 15 AQIM members. On July 5, AQIM retaliated by attacking a military base in Bassiknou, near Nema, in southeastern Mauritania. After a counter-strike by Mauritanian forces, the attackers fled towards Mali.

On February 2, 2011, Mauritanian security forces successfully prevented a car bombing in the capital city, Nouakchott, by intercepting and destroying a vehicle containing large quantities of explosives. A second vehicle containing explosive materials was found abandoned in Rkiz, in southern Mauritania. Mauritanian authorities apprehended the passengers of the abandoned vehicle. AQIM claimed responsibility for both attempted car bombings.

On August 24, 2010, a suicide bomber attacked a Mauritanian military barracks in Nema.

On July 22, 2010 Mauritanian security forces, with French technical assistance, conducted a raid against an AQIM camp in northern Mali. In retaliation, on July 24, AQIM claimed responsibility for the killing of a French hostage abducted in Niger in April.

On December 19, 2009, two Italian citizens were kidnapped by AQIM agents while traveling near Kobenni, in eastern Mauritania, and in November 2009, three Spanish NGO workers were kidnapped from their vehicle while driving from Nouadhibou to Nouakchott. On August 8, 2009, AQIM perpetrated a suicide bombing near the French Embassy in Nouakchott, injuring two French guards and one Mauritanian civilian. On June 23, 2009, AQIM terrorists shot and killed a U.S. citizen in an apparent kidnapping attempt in the capital city of Nouakchott.

In September 2008, terrorists killed 11 Mauritanian soldiers while on patrol approximately 40 miles from the northern town of Zouerate. In February 2008, the Israeli Embassy and an adjoining nightclub in Nouakchott frequented by Westerners were attacked by terrorists associated with AQIM.

In December 2007, terrorists shot and killed four French tourists and wounded a fifth near the town of Aleg in southeastern Mauritania. Two days later, terrorists killed four soldiers near the town of El Ghallaouiya in northern Mauritania.

The perpetrators of these attacks are believed to be linked to, and to have acted on orders from, AQIM. As a result of safety and security concerns, some NGO and private aid organizations have withdrawn staff and/or temporarily suspended operations in Mauritania. Faith-based organizations operating in Mauritania, regardless of location, may be particularly targeted. Travel by U.S. Embassy staff members outside of Nouakchott requires advance approval from the U.S. Embassy’s security office. Travel which has been authorized in such fashion is subject to cancellation at any time.

Travelers should avoid all non-essential travel to the Mali border regions; the Hodh El Charghi and Hodh El Gharbi regions of southeastern Mauritania; the eastern half of the Assaba region (east of Kiffa); the eastern half of the Tagant region (east of Tidjika); the eastern half of the Adrar region (east of Chinguetti); as well as the Zemmour region of northern Mauritania. U.S. Embassy staff members are authorized to travel to these regions only with Mauritanian government escorts.

U.S. citizens driving in Mauritania are reminded to heed warnings to stop at security checkpoints, and should be particularly vigilant when traveling by road outside of populated areas, even when traveling along main routes and highways. U.S. citizens should not venture outside urban areas unless in a convoy and accompanied by an experienced guide, and even then only if equipped with sturdy vehicles and ample provisions. Driving after dark outside of urban areas is strongly discouraged. There have been reports of banditry and smuggling in the more remote parts of Mauritania. Landmines remain a danger along the border with the Western Sahara. Travelers should cross borders only at designated border posts.

Given AQIM’s threats on western targets in Mauritania and the region, and their desire to kidnap Westerners for ransom, U.S. citizens should remain aware of their surroundings at all times and maintain good personal security practices, including always locking their homes and cars, varying routes and times of travel, and maintaining a low profile by not drawing attention to themselves. When going out, they should avoid being part of large, highly visible groups of Westerners, and sitting in areas that are easily visible from the street when in restaurants or cafes. U.S. citizens should be particularly alert when frequenting locales associated with Westerners, including hotels, cultural centers, social and recreation clubs, beach areas, and restaurants. Additionally, U.S. citizens should avoid highly publicized events/venues with no visible security presence.

The U.S. Embassy in Nouakchott strongly encourages U.S. citizens who travel to or remain in Mauritania despite this Travel Warning to enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive the most up-to-date security information. Please keep all of your information in STEP current. It is important when enrolling or updating information to include multiple phone numbers and email addresses to facilitate communication in the event of an emergency.

U.S. citizens should consult the Country Specific Information sheet for the Republic of Mauritania and the Worldwide Caution, both located on the Department of State’s Bureau of Consular Affairs website. Follow us on Twitter and the Bureau of Consular Affairs page on Facebook as well. If you don’t have internet access, current information on safety and security can also be obtained by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll-free in the United States, or for callers from other countries, a regular toll line at 1-202-501-4444. These numbers are available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).

The U.S. Embassy is located between the Presidency building and the Spanish Embassy on Rue Abdallaye. The postal address is B.P. 222, Nouakchott, telephone (222) 4-525-2660/2663, 4-525-1141/1145, or 4-525-3038, and fax (222) 4-525-1592. For after-hours emergencies, please call (222) 4-525-3288 or visit the U.S. Embassy Nouakchott website. In the event of an emergency that interrupts mobile phone (SMS) or Internet communication in Mauritania, U.S. citizens may call the Embassy’s dedicated Consular emergency recording at (222) 4-525-3707 to receive the most up-to-date instructions.