Mr.Karunanithi-Chairman

Panaromic view of SKPIT

About SKP Institute Of Technology

S.K.P Institute of Technology is a self financing college , sponsored by Sri. S. Kuppusaamy Memorial Educational Trust has been started in the year 2009 with a noble aim of imparting technical education to the rural masses in and around Tiruvannamalai. The institution enables them to be placed as the best professionals in industries and make them enter into high level programmes with competence and confidence. The college is approved by the AICTE, New Delhi and currently affiliated to the Anna University, Chennai. The college, initially approved to start with four B.E. / B.Tech programmes with the student intake of 240, now is offering six B.E. / B.Tech. programmes in UG with annual approved intake of 360 students.

Chairman Message :

With a view of providing high caliber technical manpower to our country, SKP Institute of Technology has been established in 2009 is approved by AICTE and affiliated to the Anna University. The college is administered by a governing council at the apex level to offer an excellent technical expertise. The curricular activity of the college is conducted under the supervision of an academic council. The syllabus and curriculum is crafted by the Anna University to tune the students with respect to the rapidly changing technologies in the world. Brought up in such an environment our students, apart from pursuing good academic records, also actively involve in various co-curricular and extracurricular activities. I assure all the students bright future and quality campus life.
K. Karunanithi, B.E., M.B.A
COURSES :

• B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
• B.E.Computer Science Engineering
• B.E .Electrical and Electronics Engineering
• B.E .Mechanical Engineering
• B.E. Civil Engineering

Contacts :

SKP Institute of Technology
Tiruvannamalai – 606 611. | TamilNadu.
Phone: 04175-253153, 252833
Moble: +91 – 9942922833, +91 9443222833

Official Website

For many years, nickel-cadmium had been the only suitable battery for portable equipment from wireless communications to mobile computing. Nickel-metal-hydride and lithium-ion emerged in the early 1990s, fighting nose-to-nose to gain customer’s acceptance.  Today, lithium-ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemistry.

The lithium-ion battery

Pioneer work with the lithium battery began in 1912 under G.N. Lewis but it was not until the early 1970s when the first non-rechargeable lithium batteries became commercially available.  Lithium is the lightest of all metals, has the greatest electrochemical potential and provides the largest energy density for weight.

Attempts to develop rechargeable lithium batteries failed due to safety problems. Because of the inherent instability of lithium metal, especially during charging, research shifted to a non-metallic lithium battery using lithium ions. Although slightly lower in energy density than lithium metal, lithium-ion is safe, provided certain precautions are met when charging and discharging. In 1991, the Sony Corporation commercialized the first lithium-ion battery. Other manufacturers followed suit.

The energy density of lithium-ion is typically twice that of the standard nickel-cadmium. There is potential for higher energy densities. The load characteristics are reasonably good and behave similarly to nickel-cadmium in terms of discharge. The high cell voltage of 3.6 volts allows battery pack designs with only one cell. Most of today’s mobile phones run on a single cell. A nickel-based pack would require three 1.2-volt cells connected in series.

Lithium-ion is a low maintenance battery, an advantage that most other chemistries cannot claim. There is no memory and no scheduled cycling is required to prolong the battery’s life. In addition, the self-discharge is less than half compared to nickel-cadmium, making lithium-ion well suited for modern fuel gauge applications. Lithium-ion cells cause little harm when disposed.

Despite its overall advantages, lithium-ion has its drawbacks. It is fragile and requires a protection circuit to maintain safe operation. Built into each pack, the protection circuit limits the peak voltage of each cell during charge and prevents the cell voltage from dropping too low on discharge. In addition, the cell temperature is monitored to prevent temperature extremes. The maximum charge and discharge current on most packs are is limited to between 1C and 2C. With these precautions in place, the possibility of metallic lithium plating occurring due to overcharge is virtually eliminated.

Aging is a concern with most lithium-ion batteries and many manufacturers remain silent about this issue. Some capacity deterioration is noticeable after one year, whether the battery is in use or not. The battery frequently fails after two or three years. It should be noted that other chemistries also have age-related degenerative effects. This is especially true for nickel-metal-hydride if exposed to high ambient temperatures. At the same time, lithium-ion packs are known to have served for five years in some applications.

Manufacturers are constantly improving lithium-ion. New and enhanced chemical combinations are introduced every six months or so. With such rapid progress, it is difficult to assess how well the revised battery will age.

Storage in a cool place slows the aging process of lithium-ion (and other chemistries). Manufacturers recommend storage temperatures of 15°C (59°F). In addition, the battery should be partially charged during storage. The manufacturer recommends a 40% charge.

The most economical lithium-ion battery in terms of cost-to-energy ratio is the cylindrical 18650 (size is 18mm x 65.2mm). This cell is used for mobile computing and other applications that do not demand ultra-thin geometry. If a slim pack is required, the prismatic lithium-ion cell is the best choice. These cells come at a higher cost in terms of stored energy.

Advantages

• High energy density – potential for yet higher capacities.
• Does not need prolonged priming when new. One regular charge is all that’s needed.
• Relatively low self-discharge – self-discharge is less than half that of nickel-based batteries.
• Low Maintenance – no periodic discharge is needed; there is no memory.
• Specialty cells can provide very high current to applications such as power tools.

Limitations

• Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits.
• Subject to aging, even if not in use – storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect.
• Transportation restrictions – shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control. This restriction does not apply to personal carry-on batteries.
• Expensive to manufacture – about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
• Not fully mature – metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.

Graphics for the slide presentation that follows were furnished by Charles Murray, Senior Technical Editor for “Design News”.

Let’s take a tour through existing uses for lithium-ion battery technology to see what technology is currently being applied.

• Engineers of Nissan’s Leaf, which made its debut in 2010, wanted their car to have a battery that wouldn’t lessen valuable rear-seat space. Instead of placing the lithium-ion batteries in the back seat and trunk, they created a 24-kWh pack that resides under the floor.  You can see that application with the JPEG given below.  The issue I have with this design is maintenance and possible replacement.  You must be able to get to the assembly without excessive time for repairs and replacement.   (Source: Nissan)

The Leaf’s 480-lb battery pack is made up of 48 stackable lithium-ion modules.  This is considerable weight and probably means a reduction in weight for other structures.   Composite materials which are lighter but just as strong as steel are being used for total weight reduction.   (Source: Nissan)

• In 2011, Apple’s MacBook Air used lithium polymer batteries to achieve its 0.67-inch thickness.    As you can see, the profile is very thin with smooth-flowing lines, only made possible by the Li-Ion battery pack. (Source: Apple)

• We’ve looked at the Leaf; now let’s take a look at the Chevy Volt battery system.   The Chevy Volt, which reached production late in 2010, uses a familiar T-shaped battery pack that stores about 16 kWh of energy.   (Source: GM)

GM engineers beefed up the battery safety cage to help the Volt resist the kinds of forces seen in NHTSA’s side pole crash test, added a new sensor to monitor coolant levels, and placed a tamper-resistant bracket atop the coolant reservoir.

• Introduced in October 2011, Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner was among the first to employ lithium-ion batteries for auxiliary power back-up. In the past, commercial airliners had typically used nickel-cadmium chemistries.   A fire in a Dreamliner parked at Boston’s Logan Airport drew attention to Boeing’s lithium-ion batteries in January 2013. Using data from the Boeing 787 flight recorder, National Transportation Safety Board investigators determined that the cause of the lithium-ion battery fire was short circuit in one of the battery’s eight cells, which led to a thermal runaway condition.   (Source: NTSB)

• More traditional batteries are made by Panasonic.   In 2011, Panasonic introduced its NCR18650A lithium-ion batteries. Offering a capacity of 3.1 A-h, the batteries were targeted at handheld devices. (Source: Panasonic)

• Ford’s five-passenger Focus Electric, which reached production in 2012, employs a 23-kWh lithium-ion battery pack. Using a fast-charging scheme, it can be recharged in three to four hours at 240V.  (Source: Ford Motor)

• In 2012, start-up Envia Systems said they created a lithium-ion battery that offers three times as much energy as conventional lithium-ion, at half the cost.  (Source: Envia Systems)

• In 2008, Tesla Motors introduced its all-electric two-seat Roadster, which used more than 6,800 lithium-ion cells in an aluminum-enclosed 990-lb package. Inside the pack, cells were organized into 11 modules, with each containing their own control board and microprocessor. Total capacity of the battery was 53 kWh. (Source: Tesla Motors)

This has been a very quick slide show but will demonstrate why Lithium-Ion technology is important and probably will be with us for the foreseeable future.  I definitely will keep you updated relative to this important field of science.  Hope you enjoyed the posting and I certainly look forward to your comments.

A wise man learns from his mistakes – but an even wiser man learns from others’.

I have started blogging so that I can give you an honest- current viewpoint- on university and how to get through it alive. Mechanical Engineering is what I study at the University of Nottingham, England. As I sit here and write this post I am in my 3rd year of study, coming up to the end of the academic year with final exams looming.

In this website I will detail on the fine points of university, what to expect, what to prepare for, and hopefully some useful advice if I can! If anybody ever reads this blog then I hope it helps, if not..well I guess I was never famed for my literature. Don’t be swayed if you think I am a straight cutting top marks student. I have my moments, like many others, but there have been moments where I’m literally pulling my hair out, staying up after a night out to finish assignments, you name it and I’ve probably done it.

Just an average student, but there are things that have got me through my time at university alive..

Lubricated Air Motors come in seven basic models up to 9.5 HP (7.1 kW); motor speeds are variable from 300 to 10,000 RPM.  Non-lubricated versions, which require absolutely no lubrication, come in three basic models ranging from .18 to .82 HP (0.13 to 0.61 kW) and with motor speeds up to 4,000 RPM.  Choose from hub, foot, face, NEMA C-flange, or Metric D Series interface mountings and clockwise, counter-clockwise, or reversible rotations; four and eight vane models are also available.

Air powered Gear motors are available in right-angle and in-line models offering a maximum torque range of 73 to 5,200 lb. in. (8 to 587 Nm) and gear ratios from 10:1 to 60:1 single reduction gear reducers.  A full line of recommended accessories is also available.

Features:

Typical Applications:

Since 1921, Gast Manufacturing, Inc. has embraced its position as a leader in the design and manufacture of air-moving products, as well as quality air motors, vacuum generators, compressors, and vacuum pumps.

Shavo Technologies Pvt. Ltd.  is a leading Air Motor Supplier and are sole Indian Business Associates of GAST Manufacturing Inc. USA

]]> http://sarvottamitm.wordpress.com/2013/04/26/mechanical-and-automobile-engineers-the-energy-savers/ Fri, 26 Apr 2013 04:30:26 +0000 sarvottamitm http://sarvottamitm.wordpress.com/2013/04/26/mechanical-and-automobile-engineers-the-energy-savers/ Mechanical Engineering is the branch which has been popular from the ages and has survived in a long run which deals with maths and physics and technological designing, production and functioning of machines, other mechanical devices and systems. A mechanical engineer innovates the things and then a design, both the aspects goes hand in hand. In mechanical engineering colleges, one design many complex devices as per current trend and requirements, hence it involve a rich knowledge and hard work. Few of the instances could be industrial machinery such as paper mills, car parts, ship devices.

An ideal mechanical engineer looks for efficient usage of energy in numerous processes and hence designs cooling and heating systems accordingly. Hence mechanical engineering colleges are responsible to prepare high end mechanical engineers where they are involved in the design of equipments or machinery of power production. An ideal college focus on providing its students exclusive education in physics, mathematics, mechanics, hydraulics, thermodynamics and many more related fields, through theoretical, scientific and practical teaching.

Similarly, automobile engineering deals with the design, production, manufacturing, research & development of vehicles like cars ships, trucks etc. In this era of high fuel consumption, an ideal automobile engineer in dedicated to design and develop automobiles which tend to consume less amount of fuel with increased efficiency and speed of vehicles. It is therefore a separate career which in itself is divided into three sections production, development and manufacturing.

In order to choose a best institute in any of the above discipline, you got to decide first which is your interest area and then surf a specialized and best college of these engineering!!

We are not a “leading” company like every other company around, yet. We are founded by people from IIM/NIT, if that matters to you.

Root42 Labs Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in 2012 and is a IIM Rohtak Campus startup. Root42 was started with a vision to use the power of mobile to change the way people interact with technology.

Our Products :

1. Spurfy allows print media to enable e-commerce on the products merchandized.

2. Uberpresent is an app to make presentations on steroids. User can upload the presentations on Google Drive and control the presentations using the app, thus removing the hassles of carrying pen drive and Bluetooth remote controller. To be launched in May 2013

3. Sidekick is the ultimate companion for watching TV. A second-screen app on phone/tablet, it acts as a powerful EPG (Electronic Program Guide), a Remote and provides engagement relevant to the program running on Live TV. The interns will be working on this app.

What For?

Development of Sidekick Android app.

We are looking for Geeky programmers with hacking mindset for the following 2 profiles.

1. Android Developer – Intern

The intern will be working on the android app. Should have earlier worked on Android. Knowledge of Rails is a bonus.

2. Rails Developer – Intern

The intern will be building server-side frameworks for the app on AWS. Should have earlier worked on Rails. Knowledge of Android is a bonus.

Please include links to your Github and other portfolio in your resume.

Who should do that?

Our ideal candidate would be a fool just like us, thinking of changing the world. S/he should be willing to take the app to the top slot on Play Store. Ideally we are looking for students from top institutes who breathe mobile and internet and code like crazy. Most importantly, have passion to work at a startup.

=———————————————————————————————————–
Design Intern for Android app, 1sidekick.com . Assignment will be for 1 month.
Ideal opportunity for design students to get hands-on experience in app design .

We are located in Delhi, but location is not a constraint for right candidate.

Contact Person: Raghuram K B
Founder, 1sidekick.com
+91-8685005044

Book Contents:
Chapter 1. Power Hacksaw, Power Band Saw, and Circular Saws
Chapter 2. Basic Machine Tool Operations
Chapter 3. Drilling Machines
Chapter 4. Drilling Machine Operations
Chapter 5. Vertical Boring Mills and Horizontal Boring Machines
Chapter 6. Lathes
Chapter 7. Lathe Operations
Chapter 8. Cutting Screw Threads on the Lathe

Chapter 9. Lathe Attachments
Chapter 10. Turret Lathes
Chapter 11. Milling Machines
Chapter 12. Milling Machine Operations
Chapter 13. Milling Machine Dividing Heads
Chapter 14. Indexing Operation
Chapter 15. Shapers
Chapter 16. Planers
Chapter 17. Slotters
Chapter 18. Abrasive Metal Finishing Machines
Chapter 19. Electroforming
Chapter 20. Ultrasonics in Metalworking
Chapter 21. Machine Shop Robotics and Electronics.

For free download click HERE…

Job Title: Mechanical Design Engineer, J36099

Location: Westlakes

Employment Type: Contract

Introduction

Assystem are seeking to recruit a Mechanical Design Engineer with solidworks experienced based at our Westlakes offices to work on a Pharmaceutical project.

Main Job Function

• To produce solidworks models and associated 2D drawings for bespoke manufacture
• Produce meeting minutes
• Notes for record and other associated documentation

Requirements

• Experience in Design of bespoke light weight stainless fabrications, cabinets, mechanical linkages, hinges, piping and gaskets

Qualifications

• ONC / HNC Mechanical Engineering or equivalent
• Experience in Mechanical Engineering Design using solidworks may be sufficient

Security Clearance

Due to the nature of work to be undertaken, applicants will be required to meet certain residency criteria in order to attain a minimum level of UK security clearance, if not already security cleared to a minimum SC level.

For an informal, confidential discussion about this role or to discuss other opportunities at Assystem within the Energy & Nuclear market please call Susan Jackson direct on 01772 645083.

To apply for the position you can follow the link from this advert, forward your CV to either nuclearjobs@assystemuk.com or direct to sjackson@assystemuk.com

You can also connect with me on Linked In here http://uk.linkedin.com/in/susanjackson

Review Materi Bab 6. Analisis Differensial Aliran Fluida

Tinjauan Medan Kecepatan dan Percepatan

Berdasarkan kecepatan, percepatan, laju alir, dan sifat aliran, Istilah kecepatan dan percepatan menerapkan konsep “pada suatu titik” dalam fluida.

Dalam persegi panjang sistem koordinat, komponen kecepatan sepanjang arah x, y dan z dilambangkan dengan u, v dan w masing-masing, dan vektor kecepatan pada titik jika, dinotasikan dengan V. Kita dapat menyatakan kecepatan dalam komponen yang saling tegak lurus, yaitu

V= ui + vj + wk

Di mana u, v, dan w adalah komponen-komponen kecepatan dalam arah x, y, dan z dan i, j, dan k adalah vector satuan yang bersesuaian. Tentu saja, masing-masing komponen ini secara umum akan merupakan sebuah fungsi dari x, y, z, dan t.

Demikian pula, vektor percepatan pada suatu titik dilambangkan oleh

a = a_xi + a_yj + a_zk

ax, ay dan az, adalah komponen persegi panjang percepatan.

Sebuah gerakan fluida dapat dianalisis dengan mengikuti salah satu dari dua pendekatan alternatif, yaitu Lagrangian dan Eulerian.

Dalam pendekatan Lagrangian, partikel atau elemen cair diidentifikasi dan diikuti selama bergerak dalam waktu tertentu. Diidentifikasi sebagai benjolan fluida yang dapat berubah dalam bentuk, ukuran, dan negara ketika bergerak. Untuk itu hukum Mekanika harus diterapkan setiap saat. Kesulitan dalam menelusuri benjolan tersebut memungkinan penerapan pendekatan Lagrangian.

Pendekatan Euler terdiri dari pengamatan fluida dengan membuat suatu control observasi di medan aliran. Gerak fluida yang ditentukan oleh komponen kecepatan dinyatakan sebagai fungsi ruang dan waktu. Gerakan fluida di semua titik di medan aliran ditentukan dengan menerapkan hukum Mekanika di semua control observasi.

u = u(x,y,z,t)

v = v(x,y,z,t)

w = w(x,y,z,t)

Ketunakan Aliran

Sebuah aliran dianggap tunak, jika variabel terikat fluida pada setiap titik dalam aliran tidak berubah terhadap waktu. Dengan kata lain, laju waktu dari variabel bergantung pada posisi nol.

Ketidaktunakan Aliran

Sebuah aliran dianggap tidak tunak, jika variabel terikat fluida berubah dengan berlalunya waktu terhadap posisi dalam aliran tersebut. Ketunakan aliran menyiratkan bahwa pola aliran tidak berubah terhadap waktu sedangkan ketidaktunakan mengacu pada perubahan pola aliran dengan berlalunya waktu pada titik yang sama dalam ruang tertentu.

Keseragaman Aliran

Sebuah aliran dikatakan seragam pada waktu sesaat jika kecepatan, besarnya, dan arah, identik di seluruh medan aliran (komponen kecepatan harus sama pada posisi yang berbeda dalam suatu aliran). Dengan kata lain, tingkat ruang perubahan komponen kecepatan pada waktu itu harus hilang (nol).

d/ds (dependent fluid) = 0

Keadaan lain yang relevan adalah bahwa aliran dapat dianggap seragam di atas penampang meskipun mungkin tidak seragam dalam arah membujur. Misalnya, air mengalir melalui sebuah pipa dengan perpindahan panas, biasanya diasumsikan seragam atas luas penampang meskipun kecepatan dapat bervariasi secara longitudinal karena adanya variasi kerapatan. Ini benar-benar akan berarti aliran satu dimensi di mana:

du/dr = du/dα = 0

Ketunakan dan Keseragaman Aliran

Ketunakan mengacu pada “tidak adanya perubahan terhadap waktu” dan keseragaman mengacu pada “tidak adanya perubahan dalam ruang” sehingga aliran dapat stabil atau cukup tidak stabil dari keseragaman independen atau non-seragam.

Percepatan

Menyadari fakta bahwa komponen kecepatan dalam aliran fluida, secara umum, fungsi ruang dan waktu, maka

u = u(x,y,z,t); v = v(x,y,z,t); w = w(x,y,z,t)

Dengan kalkulus diferensial, perubahan yang sangat kecil di u diberikan oleh

du = (du/dx)dx + (du/dy)dy + (du/dz)dz

D( )/Dt = d( )/dt + (V.∆)

Percepatan total merupakan jumlah dari percepatan konvektif (tingkat ruang instanteous perubahan kecepatan) dan percepatan lokal (tingkat waktu setempat perubahan kecepatan). Kedua komponen mungkin cukup independen satu sama lain. Dengan mengacu pada volume kontrol diferensial, percepatan lokal mengacu pada tingkat perubahan kecepatan dalam volume kontrol sedangkan percepatan konvektif terkait dengan tingkat penghabisan kecepatan melintasi permukaan atur.

Sebuah elemen fluida dapat bergerak dalam aliran dan menjalani (a) gerak translasi irrotasional atau murni (b) rotasi murni atau translasi rotasi (c) distorsi murni atau deformasi.

Laju Regangan Geser

Tingkat regangan geser atau sudut pada titik dalam cairan didefinisikan sebagai setengah dari selisih tingkat perubahan sudut untuk dua elemen fluida saling tegak lurus linier yang terdapat pada titik tersebut.

Laju Regangan Geser dapat direpresentasikan

Laju Regangan Geser Langsung

Laju regangan yang diberikan secara langsung oleh

Semua enam komponen independen laju regangan yang demikian telah ditetapkan dalam derivatif parsial dari komponen kecepatan.

Vortisitas

Curl U disebut vortisitas

Untuk aliran dua dimensi, pada bidang xy

Persamaan untuk strain rate-komponen dan komponen rotasi berlaku terlepas dari sifat cairan dan jenis aliran karena mereka berasal dari perilaku kinematik partikel tersebut.

Persamaan Kontinuitas

Tingkat massa Bersih meninggalkan volume control ditambah tingkat akumulasi massa dalam volume kontrol harus nol. Dengan asumsi bahwa fluida memasuki sisi ABCO dengan kecepatan u dan meninggalkan sisi EFGH dengan kecepatan yang 

Untuk aliran mampat cairan, atau akan konstan

Tingkat massa memasuki sisi ABCO

Tingkat massa meninggalkan sisi EFGH

Oleh karena itu, tingkat massa bersih, meninggalkan dalam arah x

Laju akumulasi massa di dalam volume control

Karena r adalah konstan untuk aliran mampat, istilah ini hilang yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada akumulasi massa dengan waktu di dalam volume atur dalam aliran mampat. Dengan neraca massa, tingkat bersih penghabisan massa di seluruh volume konstan harus nol.

Persamaan ini berlaku untuk aliran tunak dan tidak tunak, viskos atau fluida inviscid. Cairan dapat berupa udara, air, sungai, minyak atau lainnya asalkan kecepatan aliran cukup di bawah kecepatan sonik dalam cairan, efek kompresibilitas dapat diabaikan dan bentuk mampat dari persamaan kontinuitas dapat digunakan. Persamaan kontinuitas untuk aliran mampat dapat ditulis kembali dalam bentuk.

Persamaan kontinuitas, oleh karena itu, setara dengan pernyataan bahwa perbedaan dari vektor kecepatan harus lenyap.

Streamline

Dalam aliran, komponen kecepatan (vektor kecepatan) tidak dapat berubah dengan waktu. Pola merampingkan sama harus terus setiap saat. Dalam aliran mantap, merampingkan-pola akan berubah dari instan ke instan. Streamline pada bidang xy

Aliran Mampat Dua-Dimensi

Secara matematis, fungsi arus untuk aliran dalam bidang xy didefinisikan sebagai fungsi dari x dan y seperti itu, komponen kecepatan diberikan oleh

Fakta bahwa definisi ini sesuai dengan konsep fisik fungsi aliran ini ditunjukkan dengan dua tetangga garis arus ditentukan oleh fungsi y sungai dan y +dy sejak

Pemeriksaan persamaan kontinuitas untuk aliran mampat dua dimensi

Oleh karena itu keberadaan y untuk aliran menyiratkan aliran mungkin dan sebaliknya, untuk setiap aliran mungkin, fungsi y harus ada

Kepatuhan dari persamaan kontinuitas dan keberadaan fungsi sungai yang persis sama

Keberadaan Arus

Sebuah cairan, menjadi tubuh material, harus taat pada hukum kekekalan massa selama proses aliran. Dengan kata lain, jika aliran fluida dengan kecepatan medan U = ui + vj + wk yang ada, komponen kecepatan harus sesuai dengan prinsip konservasi massa

Komponen kecepatan sesuai dengan prinsip konservasi massa juga dikatakan merupakan aliran fluida mungkin sementara melanggar prinsip ini dikatakan terdiri dari sebuah aliran mustahil

Fungsi Potensi Kondisi Kecepatan Irrotasional

Untuk aliran tak berotasi, setiap komponen rotasi atau vortisitas harus lenyap. Secara khusus, untuk aliran pesawat di bidang xy

Sebuah fungsi potensial kecepatan f = f (x, y) dapat didefinisikan dengan upaya untuk memenuhi kondisi irrotationality identik. Untuk aliran tiga dimensi

memenuhi kondisi irrotasional identik

Untuk aliran dua dimensi bidang xy

memenuhi kondisi irrotasional identik

Ini mungkin ditekankan bahwa jika aliran yang tak berotasi, kecepatan potensial fungsi f harus ada. Sebaliknya, jika f fungsi yang ditentukan maka arus diwakili oleh komponen kecepatan yang diperoleh dari f harus irrotational.

Untuk koordinat kutub, kondisi irrotationality untuk aliran pesawat di r-q pesawat

Potensial kecepatan fungsi f dapat didefinisikan sebagai berikut untuk memenuhi itu

Sebuah kasus potensial khusus murni aliran sirkulasi (ur = 0) disebut aliran vortex bebas, yang diberikan oleh

Mengganti definisi y dalam kondisi irrotasional

Untuk merampingkan didefinisikan oleh y = C (konstan)

Untuk garis potensial kecepatan didefinisikan oleh f = K (konstan)

Arus Bersih

Jelas, semua arus bersih sesuai dengan

(A) Kemungkinan adanya arus

(B) Aliran irrotasional

(C) Kondisi sesaat dan

(D) Satu aliran dua dimensi atau axisymmetric.

Namun, jika aliran tidak irrotational, f adalah tidak dapat didefinisikan dan karenanya f = garis K yang tidak dapat ditarik tapi f didefinisikan, dan pola penyederhanaan masih bisa diplot.

note: f = teta = psi = lambang-lambang yang lain

Sumber: Munson, Bruce, R., Young, Donald, F., Okiishi, Theodore, H. 2003. Mekanika Fluida (Terjemahan). Jakarta: Erlangga.

“When we first got our car on the track, I had a good feeling,” said Aydh Alajmi,  who served as the team’s project manager. “I never thought that six months ago, when we were doing fuel calculations back at school that I would be doing it here in real life. It’s unbelievable.”

The seventh-annual competition, held in Houston on April 5-7, drew 134 high school and college teams from North and South America, including the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico and Guatemala. Students competed in a Prototype category, which focused on futuristic vehicles that achieved extreme fuel efficiency, and in an Urban Design category, which focused on more practical vehicles that could conceivably be driven on roadways. All vehicles could use diesel, gasoline, ethanol, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), hydrogen or battery electric for power. Alajmi’s team won in the prototype, hydrogen-fueled category.

The team secured funding from Saudi Aramco, which is sponsoring Alajmi’s education at the university, and built a 120-pound, three-wheeled vehicle from carbon fiber and a honeycomb core ribbing system that used hydrogen fuel cells for power. The vehicle, called the H2 Eco Challenger, also utilized a trapezoidal steering mechanism and a mountain bike hydraulic disc brake system to minimize friction and drag. To further their chances of winning, the team selected a 112-pound male driver – making the 10 required laps around a 0.6-mile track extra light.

“When Aramco approved sponsoring my team, it showed the support it provides for creativity, technology and new ideas,” Alajmi said.

The investment proved successful, as the team’s vehicle was tested on the streets of Houston. “The road was very rough. There were potholes and lots of vibrations, so that was a little scary,” said Surawud Martinez, the driver. Wearing a headset that allowed the team to communicate with him as he drove the circular course, Martinez said, “Each time I was whipping around, they were telling me what lap number I was on and how to make better turns and passes.”

The team’s advisor, Ron Rorrer, associate professor of mechanical engineering, said he attributes the success of the project to it being solely student driven, including the vehicle’s design, materials and even how the vehicle was shipped to the competition. “When they pick the things they want to do, that’s where you get the commitment. That’s where you get a student for a three-credit hour class putting in 1,000 hours over nine months,” he said.

Alajmi can attest to that, admitting he has been in the machine shop some nights until 2 or 3 a.m. trying to build the vehicle this spring semester. It was designed last semester by the same team. “This project has been my life. It’s been everything for me this past year. There are not even words to describe my feelings. We’ve been working even for 12 hours and sometimes 15 hours a day.”

While this year’s winners basked in their successes, many teams had to cope with disappointment, as the competition was not without its hiccups. Many vehicles were towed from the course for various mechanical failures, and some teams were disqualified for not following the required technical and safety requirements, including wearing safety glasses as they made last-minute adjustments inside designated construction areas at the city’s George R. Brown Convention Center.

But the purpose of the competition is to learn lessons and experience the trial and error process of mechanical design, Rorrer said.

The team members included Alajmi, Martinez, Ryan Anderson, Ibrahim Alzamanan, David Edelman, John Van Ngo, Dong Nguyen, Ronnie Prado and Nick Wager. Their website, which describes the design of the vehicle and includes photos and video of its performance, is http://h2ecomarathon.wordpress.com.

By Heather Saucier, Aramco Services Company

In the last few weeks I have been tasked with a new challenge, taking on the role of Project Controller for a job on the crushing and screening facilities. In normal circumstances, my co-worker would lead and I would shadow, but due to some unforeseen circumstances, I was given more responsibility in this project. The thought of being a Project Controller so early on was quite daunting and indeed, I was quite nervous leading up to the day. However, I realised that by giving me the lead role, it also meant that my colleagues trust my abilities as an engineer and this gave me the confidence boost I needed to get me through the project. The ability to be a Project Controller is also an amazing opportunity for me as a new graduate and I look forward to meeting this new challenge.

Recently, my time has been primarily focused on planning for this project. Still being at the beginning stages of the project, I spent time talking to the various tradesmen, shift workers and co-ordinators to get to know them and gain their opinion on the project. With so much information and data to process, my next job was to sift through everything and try to find a solution which will hopefully satisfy everyone’s requirements.

After completing, this it was time to get down to business. The day started off with a toolbox meeting, where every person working on the project was given a briefing on what procedures are in place, what protocols we should adhere to and a general reminder on safety in the workplace. Before any work could be started however, the appropriate paperwork, such as the safe systems of work (SSOW) had to be checked. By verifying that my workers had signed onto the SSOW, I was assured they were aware of any dangers that may entail and know how to mitigate such risks.

Once work had started, I stayed around to keep a watchful eye on our progress. Thankfully, most of our work for that day went according to plan, with few unforeseen incidences. Although the project was challenging and exhausting, I believe that this experience has been very rewarding and that if given a chance, I would do it all over again.

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Notification http://www.cseb.gov.in/csphcl/recruitment/AE_JE_Shift%20Chemist/Advt.AE-JE-Shift.Chemist.pdf
Notification of Physically Challenged Persons http://www.cseb.gov.in/csphcl/recruitment/circular%20for%20physically%20handicapped%20291-21012010.pdf
Online Application http://www.csphclrectt13.in/

On this very night alhamdulilah, there is still a chance to write an article about that above major in my Institute. Mechanical Engineering is a major that focus on 4 topics. They are manufacture, design, material and energi conversion. Firstly it’s not a major who should make you to be a “montir”, it study about how we create and design something ergonomic with some aspects of physics and mathematic.

Okay, let’s break down one by one, manufacture will divided into manufacturing system, automation and maintenance etc. It will study about supply chain management, maintenance, and kinds of diagram or chart. Secondly, its about design, its not art or some kind of design usually stand for. Design in mechanical engineering talk about chasis and main part of equipment, car, or something we want to make by engineer.

Then third, its about material. All the things in 4 topics keeps major things actually. For example, without the knowledge of material its impossible for you to build a craine or a bridge, the benefits is we know what material should be used to avoid some accidents we don’t want to. Here we study about composite, carbon, stainless steel and etc.

At last but not least Energi conversion, will divide into some laboratorium like heat and mass transfer energy, fluids mechanics, study thermodynamics, and conversion energy itself. As we know, some of energy we used come from no-renewable energy, it means in a one day there would be demanded crisis where the demand much higher than stock itself.

In my campus there are 13 Laboratorium research about those 4 major topics. They are all alhamdulilah well organized because the lecturer head want us to make it as Lab based education. When I write this article, I just in early semester ‘period’ to share, so there must be any kind of mistakes about the information above, sorry for that inconvenience, wish it would be take a benefits after you read it.

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