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	<title>modify &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/modify/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "modify"</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2009 16:30:13 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Selecting a Buyers Agent &#39;]]></title>
<link>http://usnotebuyers.wordpress.com/2009/12/24/selecting-a-buyers-agent/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2009 02:42:07 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>iforyouz</dc:creator>
<guid>http://usnotebuyers.wordpress.com/2009/12/24/selecting-a-buyers-agent/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Agents Buyers&#39; are becoming increasingly common for &quot;Top Gun&quot; REALTORS ®. Not the ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p> Agents <b>Buyers&#39; are</b> becoming increasingly common for &#34;Top Gun&#34; REALTORS ®. Not the &#39;agent of Top Gun&#39; often focus on time for <b>buyers</b> during the week, including customers, have just sold their homes to find a new home before escrow closes on the website must be sold. The following is a <b>buyer</b> agent handles these clients and situations, the &#34;Top Gun&#34; free agent for other priorities. But most agents do not use <b>buyer</b> agents to viewspend much time fighting with them. They fight for their management, to coach them and bring them to justice. Many &#34;Top Gun&#34; agents also pay <b>a buyer&#39;s</b> agent exorbitant Commission agrees. If they have the courage to look honestly at their company was going to realize that they are working to realize a profit <b>buyer.</b> This is to raise funds, without his gross compensation of dollars more. The real increase is only in their egos and their salesVolumes. </p>
<p> The first step in renting <b>a buyer&#39;s agent,</b> clearly the role you want to define that person played in the economy, as well as your expectations. Create a job description and minimum requirements of production, before hiring someone. Clearly define the time you spend in communication and coaching with this person daily and weekly newspapers. </p>
<p> As lead agent, you need a clear definition of the role of <b>buyer agents.</b> More important, you need a clear definition of theWho will be this person. What are you looking for in a <b>buyer&#39;s agent?</b> You can not simply be a goal that you can not see. To find the right person, you must have a goal of creating the profile of the person. </p>
<p> Once you have found a few candidates, you must carefully consider each of these three factors: </p>
<p> 1. How are these candidates ability to sell? He may or sell them? </p>
<p> 2. What kind of sales person is the use? Is the volume of business with your philosophy? </p>
<p> 3. If thisPerson? He or she have the desire? </p>
<p> How are these candidates ability to sell? Selling skills are just that &#8211; skills. This person has the skills necessary to excel? He or she focused on improving the level of skill? Your <b>buyers</b> agent <b>&#39;must</b> have knowledge and understanding of principles that can be a successful seller. An applicant has the most beautiful people in the world, someone who really enjoy that on your team, but with limited capacity of thesePerson is not successful, a good return on your investment of time and energy. </p>
<p> What type of business do not use this candidate? What is this person, of course, as in a sales situation? And become invasive, or is so tame that does not ask for the order? How are your organizational skills and the structure of his time every day? You do not want to drive a person to clients with an aggressive style. Nor want the person who shows twenty-five houses, more than one buyer,Eating large amounts of time and energy for each individual. You must evaluate each style of candidates for the style that you defined for your team, and how the team fits together. </p>
<p> This candidate has the desire? He has what he says: &#34;I will kill this or trying to? Is willing to put in long hours and take the refusal to get up to cruising altitude? She did really love the sales process and their work ? FHas the ability to motivate himself, or he must have a constant supply of motivation? </p>
<p> How &#34;Top Gun&#34; agent, the worst thing that leads you can make yourself and your company in the wrong person. Assess your business and your needs carefully before you commit, adding and training new employees, and assess candidates thoroughly before making appointments. With time and effort required to train a qualified agent for your system before he or she canBuilding the budget, it will take months before getting a return on investment. This is front-loading of this relationship difficult. To invest your time, effort and energy will now receive a future reward. Do not short change your company with an insufficient evaluation and selection process that you back too far in the future. </p>
<p> Create your employees for the long haul. You will have the biggest cost is the hiring and training of new employees. Make the right selection of the firstTime. </p>
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<title><![CDATA[Peaches with Formal Greetings]]></title>
<link>http://nyoro2kun.wordpress.com/2009/12/23/peaches-with-formal-greetings/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 21:30:39 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>nyoro2kun</dc:creator>
<guid>http://nyoro2kun.wordpress.com/2009/12/23/peaches-with-formal-greetings/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Image provider &quot;Destructoid Community Blog&quot; and &quot;Agonofinis Blog&quot; Ok, let&#8217;]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 410px"><a href="http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/characters/images/peach/peach_070817b-l.jpg"><img title="Princess Peach Defending Herself with Toad From Bowser" src="http://www.smashbros.com/en_us/characters/images/peach/peach_070817b-l.jpg" alt="Princess Peach" width="400" height="329" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Image provider &#34;Destructoid Community Blog&#34; and &#34;Agonofinis Blog&#34;</p></div>
<p>Ok, let&#8217;s get back in business (after searching the net for new cool items and entertainment for later on use) here is the promised peaches.  </p>
<p>First-off is a mechanism created a brilliant mind out there in the world, simply modding a Nintendo 64 controller and system to the accustom of a portable handheld device. Yes, people a N64 made into portable mechanism; just think of it as a big Gameboy Color that is able to play N64 games directly; the only exception to this device is that it doesn&#8217;t include a &#8220;Z-Trigger Button&#8221; on the back. sacrifices to enjoy simple gaming.  </p>
<p>Second stop is the Geekologic Blog (again), but with some stunning Zelda cosplay pictures (literally); if you try to cosplay Princess Zelda, you will put yourself to shame after seeing this pictures. Some people comment that those pictures were alternated using photoshop, if true, that is some sophisticated photoshop skills.  </p>
<p>Third is still in the same stop, but a person is bringing a sophisticated and delicate decorated Nintendo 64 console simulated to look like Princess Peach&#8217;s Castle; very unique for its kind and well worked around the system. This is why some of us are proud to be gamers (when people don&#8217;t make foolish mistakes).  </p>
<p>Forth is in the same spot, but bringing the Samus love back to the streets of&#8230; here! Some new cosplayer brings their talent and arts craftmanship to the ring center stage, but it shall be hard to decide with previous entry player Pixelninja, but anything is possible in a contest, I guess?!  </p>
<p>Fifth is as random as it comes, the new Assassins Creed II has some reference with the so profound name of good&#8217;ol Mario; some suggest that this is like a fan tribute to the plumber who saves the princess and other sort of arrayments from Bowser and so on; but still cool.   </p>
<p>Sixth makes the mind boggle so much and entertains audiences to its picturize imagination of creativity; simply call this &#8221;Super Mario Meets Star Wars&#8221; concept. Paint illustrations that are interesting and fan-tacular for the ages; and I think that they were for sale at San Francisco.  </p>
<p>Seventh still burns in my arter like heartburn, we know that Fatal Frame 4 didn&#8217;t get release at the States (outside of Japan), but all of this other Horror-Survival games are being release for the  Wii console (such an insult to gamers and fan base). Luckily a group of personals are working on an unofficial translation of the game, but will have to be homebrew for the channel to work. Sometime I wonder why they develop so many channel for the Wii if it has limited memory space.   </p>
<p>Eighth takes on the manga industry in the States, as Viz Media acquires new titles for release including Kirby; never knew that they develop a Kirby Comic Book (I think is because most of this comic books don&#8217;t get popularize until later on). </p>
<p>Ninth takes on the bull by the horns as Plugged-In give out some suggestions on what games we may want to play during the holidays; do note that the majority of these titles are MMO (Massive Multiplayer Online). Depending on your taste: Dragon Age: Origins, The Quest, Grand Thief Auto: Chinatown Wars, Fallout 3, The Sims 3, and Free Realms. </p>
<p>Tenth shall make differences in the U.S. as  the AOL job resources gives out some suggestion on what industries may not last long enough in the face of the Earth, it goes from Department Stores to Newspapers Stands; some we may expect to see changes but others I have doubts on. Expect to see people on horses outside the Post Office. </p>
<p><a title="Play the Nintendo 64 in portable form" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-10410284-17.html?tag=mncol;title" target="_blank">http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-10410284-17.html?tag=mncol;title</a>  </p>
<p><a title="Because I Love You (But Mostly For Myself): Stunning Princess Zelda Cosplay Gallery" href="http://www.geekologie.com/2009/11/because_i_love_you_but_mostly.php" target="_blank">http://www.geekologie.com/2009/11/because_i_love_you_but_mostly.php</a>  </p>
<p><a title="N64 Mod Looks Like Super Mario 64 Castle" href="http://www.geekologie.com/2009/07/n64_mod_looks_like_super_mario.php" target="_blank">http://www.geekologie.com/2009/07/n64_mod_looks_like_super_mario.php</a>  </p>
<p><a title="I'm In Love: New Samus Cosplay Girl *Swoon*" href="http://www.geekologie.com/2009/03/im_in_love_new_samus_cosplay_g.php" target="_blank">http://www.geekologie.com/2009/03/im_in_love_new_samus_cosplay_g.php</a>  </p>
<p><a title="Mario is in Assassin’s Creed 2?" href="http://www.gossipgamers.com/mario-is-in-assassins-creed-2/" target="_blank">http://www.gossipgamers.com/mario-is-in-assassins-creed-2/</a>  </p>
<p><a title="Super Mario Bros. Meets Star Wars" href="http://www.gossipgamers.com/super-mario-bros-meets-star-wars/" target="_blank">http://www.gossipgamers.com/super-mario-bros-meets-star-wars/</a>  </p>
<p><a title="Want Fatal Frame 4? No Problem, English translation on the way!" href="http://www.gossipgamers.com/want-fatal-frame-4-no-problem-english-translation-on-the-way/" target="_blank">http://www.gossipgamers.com/want-fatal-frame-4-no-problem-english-translation-on-the-way/</a>  </p>
<p><a title="Viz Confirms Kirby Manga &#38; Novels by Hayashi, Otsuichi (Updated)" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-15/viz-confirms-kirby-manga-and-novels-by-hayashi-otsuichi" target="_blank">http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-12-15/viz-confirms-kirby-manga-and-novels-by-hayashi-otsuichi</a>  </p>
<p><a title="Six huge games to keep you busy over the holiday" href="http://videogames.yahoo.com/events/plugged-in/six-huge-games-to-keep-you-busy-over-the-holiday/1383530" target="_blank">http://videogames.yahoo.com/events/plugged-in/six-huge-games-to-keep-you-busy-over-the-holiday/1383530</a> </p>
<p><a title="10 Industries Heading for Extinction" href="http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2009/12/17/10-industries-heading-for-extinction/?ncid=AOLCOMMjobsDYNLprim0001&#38;icid=main&#124;search2&#124;dl4&#124;link3&#124;http%3A%2F%2Fjobs.aol.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F12%2F17%2F10-industries-heading-for-extinction%2F%3Fncid%3DAOLCOMMjobsDYNLprim0001" target="_blank">http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2009/12/17/10-industries-heading-for-extinction/?ncid=AOLCOMMjobsDYNLprim0001&#38;icid=main&#124;search2&#124;dl4&#124;link3&#124;http%3A%2F%2Fjobs.aol.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F12%2F17%2F10-industries-heading-for-extinction%2F%3Fncid%3DAOLCOMMjobsDYNLprim0001</a> </p>
<p>Finally, I fixed another error occuring, sorry for the delay but shall make it up with Christmas Special.</p>
<p>~NYORO~ <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_razz.gif' alt=':P' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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<title><![CDATA[CCNP / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)]]></title>
<link>http://itcertified.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/ccnp-bcmsn-exam-tutorial-vlan-trunking-protocol-vtp/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2009 06:47:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cybersam79</dc:creator>
<guid>http://itcertified.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/ccnp-bcmsn-exam-tutorial-vlan-trunking-protocol-vtp/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Passing the BCMSN exam and getting one step closer to the CCNP certification means learning and noti]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Passing the BCMSN exam and getting one step closer to the CCNP certification means learning and noticing details that you were not presented with in your CCNA studies. (Yes, I know – you had more than enough details then, right?)   One protocol you’ve got to learn more details about is VTP, which seemed simple enough in your CCNA studies!  Part of learning the details is mastering the fundamentals, so in this tutorial we’ll review the basics of VTP.</p>
<p>In show vtp status readouts, the &#8220;VTP Operating Mode&#8221; is set to &#8220;Server&#8221; by default.  The more familiar term for VTP Operating Mode is simply VTP Mode, and Server is the default.  It&#8217;s through the usage of VTP modes that we can place limits on which switches can delete and create VLANs.</p>
<p>In Server mode, a VTP switch can be used to create, modify, and delete VLANs.  This means that a VTP deployment has to have at least one switch in Server mode, or VLAN creation will not be possible.  Again, this is the default setting for Cisco switches.</p>
<p>Switches running in Client mode cannot be used to create, modify, or delete VLANs. Clients do listen for VTP advertisements and act accordingly when VTP advertisements notify the Client of VLAN changes.</p>
<p>VTP Transparent mode actually means that the switch isn&#8217;t participating in the VTP domain as Servers and Clients do.  (Bear with me here.)  Transparent VTP switches don&#8217;t synchronize their VTP databases with other VTP speakers. They don&#8217;t even advertise their own VLAN information!  Therefore, any VLANs created on a Transparent VTP switch will not be advertised to other VTP speakers in the domain, making them locally significant only. (I know you remember that phrase from your CCNA studies!)</p>
<p>Devices running VTP Transparent mode do have a little something to do with the other switches in the VTP domain, though.  When a switch running in Transparent mode receives a VTP advertisement, that switch will forward that advertisement to other switches in that VTP domain.</p>
<p>Configuring switches as VTP Clients is a great way to “tie down” VLAN creation capabilities to switches that are under your physical control.  However, this occasionally leads to a situation where only the VTP clients will have ports that belong to a given VLAN, but the VLAN still has to be created on the VTP server.  (VLANs can be created and deleted in transparent mode, but those changes aren&#8217;t advertised to other switches in the VTP domain.)</p>
<p>In the next BCMSN tutorial, we’ll take a look at the details of VTP.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Vintage Gibson Fix]]></title>
<link>http://serviceguitarrepair.com/2009/12/15/vintage-gibson-fix/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:41:11 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>serviceguitarrepair</dc:creator>
<guid>http://serviceguitarrepair.com/2009/12/15/vintage-gibson-fix/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Here&#8217;s a cool product I recently found very helpful for vintage Gibson acoustic guitars with t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Here&#8217;s a cool product I recently found very helpful for vintage Gibson acoustic guitars with the adjustable bridge. These guitars originally came with either a wooden saddle (one of Gibson&#8217;s brilliant ideas, from the 60&#8217;s) or ceramic. I much prefer the sound of the ceramic version, because it gives a brighter sound, much like a traditional bone saddle, and it doesn&#8217;t wear as easily as the wood version. Unfortunately, finding and purchasing a vintage ceramic replacement can be very difficult and quite pricey. I&#8217;ve seen people ask way too much for these. Some owners choose to completely remove the adjustable bridge system, fill in the entire original slot with rosewood and install a stable saddle in its place. I&#8217;ve never been a fan of doing this to otherwise perfectly original instruments. I&#8217;m very opinionated about being good stewards of vintage instruments.</p>
<div id="attachment_228" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 470px"><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5824.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-228" title="IMG_5824" src="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5824.jpg" alt="" width="460" height="305" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">GIBSON WOOD SADDLE circa 1960&#39;s</p></div>
<div id="attachment_229" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 470px"><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5825.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-229" title="IMG_5825" src="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5825.jpg" alt="" width="460" height="305" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">GIBSON CERAMIC SADDLE circa 1960&#39;s</p></div>
<p>Recently, my good friend Bruce brought in a 1968 Gibson B-45 12 String (see 1st photo) for a fret re-crown. He was excited to have newly acquired this cool old Gibson, but because this guitar also has a trapeze tailpiece, instead of bridge pins, to secure the strings, the sound was quite dull, combined with the wood saddle. Imagine the disappointment. Enter new product&#8230;</p>
<div id="attachment_231" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 470px"><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5830.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-231" title="IMG_5830" src="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5830.jpg" alt="" width="460" height="305" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Graph Tech &#34;TUSQ&#34; replacement for Gibson adjustable bridge</p></div>
<p>The folks at Graph Tech; mostly famous for graphite replacement saddles for electric guitars and &#8220;TUSQ&#8221; material for acoustic guitars, have created a great alternative to the pricey, and elusive, ceramic saddle. It is made with their &#8220;TUSQ&#8221; material and costs only $12.95. We went with it and the results are quite impressive. I am now keeping them in stock, so let me know if you need one installed!</p>
<div id="attachment_230" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 470px"><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5826.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-230" title="IMG_5826" src="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_5826.jpg" alt="" width="460" height="305" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">1968 Gibson B-45 12 String with &#34;TUSQ&#34; replacement saddle</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Out Of The Box]]></title>
<link>http://serviceguitarrepair.com/2009/12/07/out-of-the-box/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 07 Dec 2009 22:23:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>serviceguitarrepair</dc:creator>
<guid>http://serviceguitarrepair.com/2009/12/07/out-of-the-box/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Here&#8217;s a cool solution to a common problem.  My good buddy Doug needed a 5 string bass with an]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Here&#8217;s a cool solution to a common problem.  My good buddy Doug needed a 5 string bass with an active circuit. Problem: December is a tough month to be investing in an expensive bass, but his need was immediate. The solution: we found an inexpensive bass with lacking electronics and performed an upgrade. Doug has always been fond of Lakland basses with the pickup configuration of a Music Man Stingray style pickup in the bridge position and  Fender Jazz Bass pickup in the neck position. So we started with this OLP brand passive version of a Stingray 5 String and gutted everything but the bridge pickup. Then the fun began. I carefully located and traced where I wanted the new neck pickup to go.</p>
<p><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_4838.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-218" title="doug5a" src="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_4838.jpg" alt="" width="460" height="306" /></a></p>
<p>Then I routed the body and installed a compatible neck pickup. In this case the best match was a Fender Standard Jazz Bass 4-string pickup. The pole pieces easily covered the width of the 5 string&#8217;s span.  I followed up with a 3-band active EQ circuit and a coil tap switch for the bridge pickup, allowing for the standard Jazz Bass configuration of 2 single coil pickups.</p>
<p>Lastly, I removed the soft plastic nut and replaced it with a <strong><em><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.com/services/">hand-carved bone nut</a></em></strong>. After a full <a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.com/services/"><strong><em>set-up package</em></strong></a> and a new set of strings it was time to plug in!</p>
<p><a href="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_4842.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-217" title="doug5b" src="http://serviceguitarrepair.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_4842.jpg" alt="" width="460" height="306" /></a></p>
<p>I must say that both Doug and I were more than surprised by the results. This configuration proved to be very versatile and useful.  He called me the next day to say that it was the best sounding bass he&#8217;s ever owned. Doug has owned some pretty high-end basses in the past, so this is really saying something. This whole project cost less than $600, including the bass! It was a huge success!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Stretching Your Lip]]></title>
<link>http://earstretching.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/stretching-your-lip/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:40:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Roger Adams</dc:creator>
<guid>http://earstretching.wordpress.com/2009/11/27/stretching-your-lip/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[If you&#8217;ve watched my videos at all, you will know I have a stretched Labret. Mine sits at arou]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>If you&#8217;ve watched my videos at all, you will know I have a stretched Labret. Mine sits at around 00g, which is about 10mm.</p>
<p>Stretching a labret, is a little bit more involved than stretching an ear. It is alot more taboo, it is alot more in your face (if you excuse the pun). So certainly making sure it is what you want before setting off will leave you in a good frame.</p>
<p>So, how do you do it? Well, its not like you can walk around with a taper hanging out of your mouth is it? So, its almost the same in certain traditions, but you have to edit the rules slightly.</p>
<p>I started by getting mine pierced straight to an 8g. Hurt like hell, made my toes curl, but it eliminated the original and first stage shitty stretches. You can also get it scalpelled,  pierced and stretched, or dermal punched. Scalpelling is good, if you want to get a big size instantly, but obviously you&#8217;ve got the pain threshold thing again. Pierced and stretched is what I got, and as I said it was pretty painful, dermal punching is normally for cartilidge piercings, and the best way to think of it is, its a surgical hole punch. Does exactly what it needs to, and it&#8217;ll put a hole instantly through your lip, or any part it touches.</p>
<p>Right, so you have your lovely freshly pierced hole, how long do you wait? Lips are a little bit different, they&#8217;re used ALL the time, every day, even when you&#8217;re asleep. I waited nearly 8mths before stretching mine, but I have to say, when I did do the initial stretch, it was incredibly easy. I&#8217;d say if you went with the more permanent options of punching and scalpel, then i&#8217;d wait nearly a year as the healing times is so much more due to the ferocity of the method used.</p>
<p>So, HOW do you stretch a lip piercing? I assume this works on Medusa (philtrums), Snakebites, cheeks etc..</p>
<p>Say you&#8217;re starting at your baby sizes of 14,16,12g then the best method I can recommend, is pull on them. Sounds crazy huh? But honestly, wear horseshoe style rings, or Ball Closure Rings, and pull at them. This will eventually start making the lip loosen up. Don&#8217;t buy externally threaded jewellery when stretching lips, as it can tear the hole, and having a swollen lip with piercings in it is uncomfortable as hell. Internally threaded jewellery is more expensive but much much better for the release of your piercing.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
<img class="aligncenter" title="Threaded Jewellery." src="http://www.crazychameleon.net/body-jewelry/images/intextthreading04.gif" alt="" width="200" height="200" /></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">When I stretched my snakebites (R.I.P) I went from 1.6mm to 2mm fairly easily. Same from 2mm &#62; 2.4mm was easy enough. But that initial stretch to 3.0mm was hard. As it went from being a .4mm stretch, to a .6mm stretch. Doesn&#8217;t sound like alot, but when you think of the increase of the hole in % its huge. Its nearly a 35% increase in the diameter of the hole. The method I used was dead stretching, which again if you go back to the first post, is the use of jewellery to increase the size of the diameter, basically pushing through bigger jewellery. You can get labret studs upto about 8g I believe. And then you may have to goto glass, or septum bullets. I&#8217;ll post images below of appropriate lip related jewellery.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">I hope this information helped a bit!</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="Labret" src="http://www.bodyartforms.com/images/6659.jpg" alt="" width="575" height="453" /><img class="aligncenter" title="Labrett0r" src="http://www.bodyartforms.com/images/6347.jpg" alt="" width="464" height="274" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="YO" src="http://www.bodyartforms.com/images/6339.jpg" alt="" width="575" height="796" /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">And finally</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://earstretching.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dscf2708.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-36" title="Me" src="http://earstretching.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dscf2708.jpg?w=225" alt="" width="225" height="300" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[How to help your A.D.H.D. child]]></title>
<link>http://familychiropracticcentre.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/how-to-help-your-a-d-h-d-child/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 23:12:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>familychiropracticcentre</dc:creator>
<guid>http://familychiropracticcentre.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/how-to-help-your-a-d-h-d-child/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[by Dr. Brent Lipke DC Between 3 and 5 % of children are considered to have Attention Deficit Hyperac]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><em>by Dr. Brent Lipke DC</em></p>
<p>Between 3 and 5 % of children are considered to have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.</p>
<p><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-38" title="CB044814" src="http://familychiropracticcentre.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/j0401867.jpg?w=199" alt="CB044814" width="199" height="300" />Psychiatric drugs are given to children, to treat or at least modify their symptoms, but may cause drug-induced behavioral disorders and other unwanted side effects.</p>
<p>Parents concerned with the effects of long term drug use on their children want better answers and better choices.</p>
<p><strong>Clinical studies have reported the effectiveness of Chiropractic care for children with neurological conditions including learning disorders, hyperactivity and dyslexia.</strong></p>
<p>Chiropractic improves brain function by increasing blood flow to the brain, and releasing stress on the spinal cord.  This decreases anxiety and improves brain function, allowing the child to reach their full potential.</p>
<p>To learn more about how a safe, gentle and scientific, Chiropractic adjustment could TRANSFORM your health contact your chiropractor. </p>
<p> If you are interested in a complimentary consultation, CALL  The Family Chiropractic Centre, 519-837-1234. </p>
<p>I’m Dr. Brent Lipke, educating you to help you educate others !</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Reasons to Modify Curriculum]]></title>
<link>http://theeducationcafe.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/reasons-to-modify-curriculum/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:58:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>delanas</dc:creator>
<guid>http://theeducationcafe.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/reasons-to-modify-curriculum/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[(Notes taken from Robert Windham and Machele Kilgore) I. Know Your Child’s Learning Patterns or Lear]]></description>
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<p>(Notes taken from Robert Windham and Machele Kilgore)</p>
<p>I. Know Your Child’s Learning Patterns or Learning Style</p>
<p>A. Find out what your Child’s Modality is: Modality determines the easiest way to <strong>receive information</strong></p>
<p>1. <strong>Visual</strong>: Understands and processes information best when they can visually see it. They learn by observing.</p>
<p>2. <strong>Auditory</strong>: Understands and processes information best when they can hear it. They learn by listening.</p>
<p>3. <strong>Kinesthetic</strong>: Understands and processes information best when they can be actively involved as they process the information. They learn by doing.</p>
<p>B. Discover your child’s Temperament Style: Determines Attitudes toward Instructional Materials and Methods.</p>
<p>1. Where Attention is Focused:</p>
<p>a. Extroversion: Focus is on the outer world of people, events, and objects</p>
<p>b. Introversion: Focus is on the inner world of ideas</p>
<p>2. How information is Acquired:</p>
<p>a. Sensing: Information is acquired directly through the senses.</p>
<p>Focus is on the concrete and the present.</p>
<p>b. Intuition: Information is acquired through insight, inspiration,</p>
<p>and hunches. Focus is on the possible and the future.</p>
<p>3. How Decisions are Made:</p>
<p>a. Thinking: Decisions are based on logical analysis and consideration of cause and effect.</p>
<p>b. Feeling: Decisions are based on personal values and a consideration of how the decisions will affect self and others.</p>
<p>4. Work Habits:</p>
<p>a. Judging: Prefer life to be orderly and planned.</p>
<p>b. Perceiving: Prefers life to be spontaneous and flexible.</p>
<p>C. Understand Multiple Intelligences which determine Interests and Talents</p>
<p>1. Verbal-Linguistic: Speaking, reading, and writing</p>
<p>2. Logical –Mathematical: Forming concepts and finding abstract patterns</p>
<p>3. Visual-Spatial: Thinking in images, pictures, shapes, and colors</p>
<p>4. Musical-Rhythmic: Rhyme, rhythm, and melody</p>
<p>5. Bodily-Kinesthetic: Touching, manipulating, moving, making, doing, balance, and coordination</p>
<p>6. Interpersonal (social): Relating to and cooperating with people</p>
<p>7. Intrapersonal (self): Independence and self-motivation</p>
<p>8. Naturalist: Awareness of sensitivity to the natural environment</p>
<p>D. List the areas that your child prefers the most in his/her learning and temperament styles and intelligences.</p>
<p>E. Understand that you will possibly see a level of each area in your child, but they will definitely have certain styles that they prefer or rely more strongly upon.</p>
<p>II. Know the Curriculum’s Teaching Patterns</p>
<p>A. Does the curriculum vary its approach in communicating and interacting with new information? Or, is it the same over and over again?</p>
<p>**Think of the different approaches you’ve seen the curriculum use for different subject areas and write them down.</p>
<p>B. If you were to analyze the curriculum writers, which learning or temperament styles and intelligences have they used the most? What do they use the least?</p>
<p>C. How does the curriculum’s emphasis on a certain learning or temperament style compare with your child’s and his intelligence strengths?</p>
<p>D. What areas can you think of that cause this to be beneficial or problematic?</p>
<p>Can you recall specific instances that your child may have had a difficult time doing an assignment simply because of the contrast in how the information was being presented?</p>
<p>E. You never want to solely teach to your child’s learning or temperament style. They need to develop the weaker areas of these as well, but sometimes when you are in a crunch it’s okay to cater to their strength.</p>
<p>For example: (Brainstorm together)</p>
<p>III. Know the Objective</p>
<p>A. What is the goal? What is the curriculum trying to teach?</p>
<p>B. It is important that you not blindly rely on a curriculum to have an objective and assume it is being taught as you go through the curriculum. You need to know, what you are trying to accomplish in teaching your child. Your child may need to understand and know the objective as well.</p>
<p>C. Here are some ideas to help you pick out the objectives, if they are not clearly listed.</p>
<p>1. Are they presenting new information? If so this can be an objective by itself.</p>
<p>2. Is the information necessary for further education? If the information they are presenting is not necessary for this moment, and <strong>can be taught at a later time </strong>if you think it better, than evaluate whether you’d like to focus on something else. You have the choice to modify – you are the teacher!</p>
<p>3. Are they asking the child to demonstrate understanding? Is it an assessment of some kind?</p>
<p>a. Assessments come in all forms; they are not just tests. Story books, writing assignments, presentations, reports, etc. are all assessments. Anything that is a measurement of what the child has learned or understood is an assessment.</p>
<p>b. If the assessment is not going to show their true understanding, or it can be shown in a way that better suites the child, then modify the assessment. Your objective to understand what the child has learned remains the same; it is just your method that has changed.</p>
<p>4. Are they asking the child to demonstrate understanding and teach a new skill at the same time?</p>
<p>a. If they are trying to teach a new skill along with assessing the child’s understanding, you most likely should make sure that this skill is still taught. You do not want to always change your child’s assessments if it means he or she is not learning new skills along the way.</p>
<p>b. For example, an oral presentation on a book report serves as the measurement of understanding of what took place in the book. However, the process and presentation is a learned skill that must be taught with specific modeling and guided instruction. This is a valuable skill that they will need to build on throughout their educational career and after.</p>
<p>IV. Know your Time Frame</p>
<p>1. Is the time frame in which the curriculum wants your child to complete the assignment reasonable?</p>
<p>2. Does it give enough time for you to model and teach the concept to your child in light of his or her preferred learning style? This does not mean you are catering to your child’s learning style, but if the assignment is pushing him to work in a weaker learning style, you must keep in mind that it will be more of a struggle.</p>
<p>3. Is it too much time? Will your child be overtaken by his or her detail orientations and spend too much time, when he or she could do it quicker? Is it too long of a time frame, and risks the chance of the child becoming bored and unmotivated before the end of the project? If so…MODIFY!</p>
<p>4. Will your child be able to do a good job and feel as though he or she was able to do his or her best? If the child is given little time to accomplish a new skill or understand new information, it only breeds frustration, stress and a lack of motivation for the next time. Keep in mind how you feel when you are rushed and know the job you are doing is not going to be given the chance to be up to the standard that you would like. Your child can feel the same way with his or her work in the classroom. Time limits are necessary for those children that tend to take a long time with everything, but consider whether it is giving your child a fair chance to engage in a positive learning experience with the amount of time the curriculum has allotted. If not…MODIFY!</p>
<p>V. Know what you and your child are capable of: This brings FREEDOM TO MODIFY.</p>
<p>A. You know your child better than anyone else – if the curriculum is not pushing them enough – and you know they are capable of more – it’s time to modify!</p>
<p>B. If you know the curriculum is demanding too much of your child because they spend all day in home school, work on things 2-4 hours after school, and still cannot accomplish what the curriculum is expecting. It’s time to modify!</p>
<p>C. Professional teachers do not always finish the curriculum all the time – they modify and sometimes that means they just don’t finish everything. They are constantly changing and working with curriculum to make it more appealing to the students and a stronger learning experience based upon the learning styles they have in the classroom. You are the teacher and you have freedom to change the book!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Current on my mortgage payment]]></title>
<link>http://ioannoucanhelp.com/2009/10/30/current-on-my-mortgage-payment/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 01:50:34 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>thomasmarcellino</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ioannoucanhelp.com/2009/10/30/current-on-my-mortgage-payment/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I am current on my mortgage payment. One of the first things you should do when looking to modify yo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>I am current on my mortgage payment.</strong></p>
<p>One of the first things you should do when looking to modify your loan is to see if you can refinance. Refinancing is one of the more straightforward options and can help you lower your monthly payments.</p>
<ol>
<li>Do you have at least 10% equity built up in      your home?</li>
<li>Are you current on your payments?</li>
</ol>
<p>If you answered, “yes” to both questions you may qualify for a refinance. If you answered “no” you still may be able to refinance through the Making Home Affordable Program.</p>
<p>Please call <strong>1 866 910 7065</strong> and speak with a <a href="mailto:am@ioannoulaw.com">Home Mortgage Specialist</a> dedicated to this program, or email <strong><a href="mailto:am@ioannoulaw.com">Ioannou &#38; Ioannou, LLP</a> </strong>today.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Paa's title song sung by Master Amitabh!]]></title>
<link>http://fenilandbollywood.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/paas-title-song-sung-by-master-amitabh/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 11:43:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fenilseta</dc:creator>
<guid>http://fenilandbollywood.wordpress.com/2009/10/29/paas-title-song-sung-by-master-amitabh/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Amitabh Bachchan effortlessly sang the title song of Paa in a child’s voice By Subhash K Jha (MUMBAI]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Amitabh Bachchan effortlessly sang the title song of Paa in a child’s voice By Subhash K Jha (MUMBAI]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Continued violence threatens to unmoor Pakistan]]></title>
<link>http://pbaptist.wordpress.com/2009/10/23/continued-violence-threatens-to-unmoor-pakistan/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2009 06:06:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Particular Kev</dc:creator>
<guid>http://pbaptist.wordpress.com/2009/10/23/continued-violence-threatens-to-unmoor-pakistan/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Militant groups are tightening an alliance aimed at bringing down the Pakistani state, reports MNN. ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Militant groups are tightening an alliance aimed at bringing down the Pakistani state, reports MNN. ]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Quickbooks 2007 How to customize emails when sending invoices]]></title>
<link>http://applicationtips.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/quickbooks-2007-how-to-customize-emails-when-sending-invoices/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 22:03:04 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>applicationtips</dc:creator>
<guid>http://applicationtips.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/quickbooks-2007-how-to-customize-emails-when-sending-invoices/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Change preferences for sending forms How to customize emails when sending invoices in Quickbooks 200]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h2>Change preferences for sending forms</h2>
<p>
How to customize emails when sending invoices in Quickbooks 2007.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know why it&#8217;s so difficult to find instructions to customize emails generated by Quickbooks when you send invoices to your client?  Perhaps there are too many companies trying to create addon&#8217;s that you shouldn&#8217;t have to pay for.</p>
<p>I tried the Intuit website&#8217;s help and searching their knowledge base was frustrating.  Eventually I did find it barried in some pages of badly indexed data.</p>
<p>Here is the link on Intuit&#8217;s site:</p>
<p><a title="Quickbooks customize email" href="http://support.quickbooks.intuit.com/support/pages/inproducthelp/core/qb2k8/contentpackage/core/email/nf_prefsendforms.html" target="_blank">http://support.quickbooks.intuit.com/support/pages/inproducthelp/core/qb2k8/contentpackage/core/email/nf_prefsendforms.html</a></p>
<p>Here is my 22 word summary of the 6 page instructions on Quickbooks&#8217; website:</p>
<ol>
<li>From the top menu: Select <strong>Edit&#8211;&#62;Preferences</strong></li>
<li>Scroll down to <strong>Send Form</strong> on the left</li>
<li>Select <strong>Company Preferences</strong></li>
<li>Customize the Form. Done.</li>
</ol>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">
<h1>Change preferences for sending forms</h1>
</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Spacecraft Facemasks and Beanies - Tron, Sink Thrower, Roadkill, Milbury, Scout, Linus, Modify, Sherpa - Spacecraft Has "The Look"]]></title>
<link>http://discountsnowboards.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/spacecraft-facemasks-and-beanies-tron-sink-thrower-roadkill-milbury-scout-linus-modify-sherpa-spacecraft-has-the-look/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2009 19:42:31 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>discountshoppingbargains</dc:creator>
<guid>http://discountsnowboards.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/spacecraft-facemasks-and-beanies-tron-sink-thrower-roadkill-milbury-scout-linus-modify-sherpa-spacecraft-has-the-look/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Spacecraft Tron Facemask Tron Facemask Spacecraft Sink Thrower Facemask Sink Thrower Facemask Spacec]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="99%">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17823" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_tronfacemask_131949.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17823" target="_blank">Spacecraft Tron Facemask</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Tron Facemask</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17831" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_sinkthrowerfacemask_131951.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17831" target="_blank">Spacecraft Sink Thrower Facemask</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Sink Thrower Facemask</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17807" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_roadkillfacemask_A_131941.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17807" target="_blank">Spacecraft Road Kill Facemask</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Road Kill Facemask</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17811" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_milburyfacemask_A_131943.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17811" target="_blank">Spacecraft Milbury Facemask</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Milbury Facemask</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17815" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_bizerkofacemask_A_131945.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17815" target="_blank">Spacecraft Bizerko Facemask</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Bizerko Facemask</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17819" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_scoutfacemask_A_131947.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17819" target="_blank">Spacecraft Scout Facemask</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Scout Facemask</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17623" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_linusbeanie_A_131815.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17623" target="_blank">Spacecraft Linus Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Linus Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17631" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_modifybeanie_A_131823.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17631" target="_blank">Spacecraft Modify Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Modify Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17675" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_linusbeanie_E_131817.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17675" target="_blank">Spacecraft Linus Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Linus Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17679" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_modifybeanie_E_131826.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17679" target="_blank">Spacecraft Modify Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Modify Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17707" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_sherpabeanie_B_131838.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17707" target="_blank">Spacecraft Sherpa Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Sherpa Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17787" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_snufflepombeanie_A_131921.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17787" target="_blank">Spacecraft Snufflepom Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Snufflepom Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17495" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_reversebeanie_C_131500.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17495" target="_blank">Spacecraft Reverse Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Reverse Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17619" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_igloobeanie_C_131810.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17619" target="_blank">Spacecraft Igloo Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Igloo Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17667" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_forcefieldbeanie_E_131805.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17667" target="_blank">Spacecraft Force Field Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Force Field Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17671" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_igloobeanie_I_131808.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17671" target="_blank">Spacecraft Igloo Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Igloo Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17687" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_pilotbeanie_A_131835.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17687" target="_blank">Spacecraft Pilot Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Pilot Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17723" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_storyboadbrimbeanie_A_131858.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17723" target="_blank">Spacecraft Storyboard Brim Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Storyboard Brim Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17743" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_axebeanie_A_131884.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17743" target="_blank">Spacecraft Axe Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Axe Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17747" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_wullypombeanie_B_131887.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17747" target="_blank">Spacecraft Wully Pom Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Wully Pom Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17779" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_buddhabearbeanie_A_131862.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17779" target="_blank">Spacecraft Buddha Bear Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Buddha Bear Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17791" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_snuffybeanie_A_131922.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17791" target="_blank">Spacecraft Snuffy Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Snuffy Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17795" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_ripplebeanie_C_131926.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17795" target="_blank">Spacecraft Ripple Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Ripple Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17615" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_brimbeanie_A_131798.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17615" target="_blank">Spacecraft Brim Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Brim Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17683" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_brimbeanie_G_131831.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17683" target="_blank">Spacecraft Brim Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Brim Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17719" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_storyboadbeanie_A_131856.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17719" target="_blank">Spacecraft Storyboard Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Storyboard Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17731" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_dupebeanie_A_131868.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17731" target="_blank">Spacecraft Dupe Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Dupe Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17751" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_spacecraftbeanie_A_131889.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17751" target="_blank">Spacecraft Spacecraft Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Spacecraft Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17755" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_youworkbeanie_A_131907.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17755" target="_blank">Spacecraft You Work Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">You Work Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17763" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_visorbeanie_A_131913.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17763" target="_blank">Spacecraft Visor Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Visor Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17783" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_pikabeanie_A_131918.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17783" target="_blank">Spacecraft Pika Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Pika Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17827" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_spacecraft_sorrybeanie_131950.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=17827" target="_blank">Spacecraft Sorry Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Sorry Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#ffffff;">
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6815" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_sherpablackspacecraft.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6815" target="_blank">Spacecraft Sherpa Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Sherpa Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6851" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_specialbluespacecraft.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6851" target="_blank">Spacecraft Special Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Special Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6863" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_80sbrimpurplespacecraft.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6863" target="_blank">Spacecraft 80&#8217;s Brim Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">80&#8217;s Brim Beanie</p>
</td>
<td style="width:25%;" align="center" valign="top"><a href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6867" target="_blank"><img style="border:0;" src="http://www.snowboardconnection.com/product_photos/thumbnails/tn_116418spacecraftgreyhound.jpg" alt="" /></a><br />
<a class="pdb_buy_link" href="http://www.avantlink.com/click.php?tt=pdb&#38;ti=29961&#38;pw=808&#38;pt=3&#38;pri=6867" target="_blank">Spacecraft Greyhound Beanie</a></p>
<p class="pdb_product_description">Greyhound Beanie</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[GYANDOTCOM NOW ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER.]]></title>
<link>http://gyandotcom.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/gyandotcom-now-on-facebook-and-twitter/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 20:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gyandotcom by Rohit Sharma</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gyandotcom.wordpress.com/2009/10/11/gyandotcom-now-on-facebook-and-twitter/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[DEAR FRIENDS GYANDOTCOM NOW ON FACEBOOK AND ON TWITTER TO ADD IN FACE BOOK go to FACEBOOK SEARCH AND]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>DEAR FRIENDS</p>
<p>GYANDOTCOM NOW ON FACEBOOK AND ON TWITTER</p>
<p>TO ADD IN FACE BOOK go to FACEBOOK SEARCH AND TYPE GYANDOTCOM</p>
<p>IN Google SEARCH JUST TYPE  GYANDOTCOM</p>
<p>AND IN TWITTER  CLICK BELOW TO ADD</p>
<p><a href="http://twitter.com/gyandotcom">http://twitter.com/gyandotcom</a></p>
<p>KEEP READING GYANDOTCOM</p>
<p>REGARDS</p>
<p>ROHIT SHARMA</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Title 1, Chapter 3 Definitions]]></title>
<link>http://claycountymn.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/title-1-chapter-3-definitions/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 17:45:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>The Exoteric Legacy of A Woman Once Registered As Valerie Sarah Weiskirch</dc:creator>
<guid>http://claycountymn.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/title-1-chapter-3-definitions/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1-3-1: CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS: A. Whenever any word in any section of this County Code importing the ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[1-3-1: CONSTRUCTION OF WORDS: A. Whenever any word in any section of this County Code importing the ]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[The Reality of (Dooms-Day) December 21-12-2012. by Rohit Sharma]]></title>
<link>http://gyandotcom.wordpress.com/2009/10/02/the-reality-of-doomsday-december-21-12-2012-by-rohit-sharma/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2009 21:25:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>gyandotcom by Rohit Sharma</dc:creator>
<guid>http://gyandotcom.wordpress.com/2009/10/02/the-reality-of-doomsday-december-21-12-2012-by-rohit-sharma/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[First and foremost, the Sun has a natural cycle with a period of approximately 11 years. During the ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">First and foremost, the Sun has a natural cycle with a period of approximately 11 years. During the lifetime of each cycle, the magnetic field lines of the Sun are dragged around the solar body by differential rotation at the solar equator. This means that the equator is spinning faster than the magnetic poles. As this continues, solar plasma drags the magnetic field lines around the Sun, causing stress and a build up of energy (an illustration of this is pictured). As magnetic energy increases, kinks in the magnetic flux form, forcing them to the surface. These kinks are known as coronal loops which become more numerous during periods of high solar activity.This is where the sunspots come in. As coronal loops continue to pop up over the surface, sunspots appear too, often located at the loop footpoints. Coronal loops have the effect of pushing the hotter surface layers of the Sun (the photosphere and chromosphere) aside, exposing the cooler convection zone (the reasons why the solar surface and atmosphere is hotter than the solar interior is down to the coronal heating phenomenon). As magnetic energy builds up, we can expect more and more magnetic flux to be forced together. This is when a phenomenon known as magnetic reconnection occurs.Reconnection is the trigger for solar flares of various sizes. As previously reported, solar flares from &#8220;nanoflares&#8221; to &#8220;X-class flares&#8221; are very energetic events. Granted, the largest flares my generate enough energy for 100 billion atomic explosions, but don&#8217;t let this huge figure concern you. For a start, this flare occurs in the low corona, right near the solar surface. That&#8217;s nearly 100 million miles away (1AU). The Earth is nowhere close to the blast.As the solar magnetic field lines release a huge amount of energy, solar plasma is accelerated and confined within the magnetic environment (solar plasma is superheated particles like protons, electrons and some light elements such as helium nuclei). As the plasma particles interact, X-rays may be generated if the conditions are right and bremsstrahlung is possible. (Bremsstrahlung occurs when charged particles interact, resulting in X-ray emission.) This may create an X-ray flare.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The driver was taking me from  mumbai airport into the pune city. As we chatted on theway , it came out that he was deeply worried. He had a wife and child, and a new baby on the way &#8211; but what was the use of living, he cried, if the world would end in 2012 as predicted by the Mayan prophecies, when his new baby would be just four years old.Prophecies about the end of the world (or at the very least, civilisation as we know it) have been around forever. There was a flurry of them around 2000 AD, and another bunch for 5 May 2005, when all the planets were supposed to line up. (By the way, they didn&#8217;t line up and yep, we&#8217;re still here.)The Mayan civilisation covered the skinny bit of the Americas between North and South America, reaching from the southern states of Mexico down to western Honduras. Its Classic Period was from 250 to 900 AD, so their best years were behind them by the time of the Spanish invasion.At their peak, the Mayans had the only mature written language ever found in the Americas, spectacular and densely populated cities, and very sophisticated systems of mathematics, astronomy and calendars.They were marvelous astronomers, showing what could be done with the naked eye. Their measurements of the lunar month, the period of Venus and the year were more accurate than those of the Ancient Greeks.Which brings us to the calendar that predicts the end of the world in 2012.The Mayans had many calendars, because they saw &#8216;time&#8217; as a meshing of sacred or spiritual cycles. So while our Gregorian calendar organises days for social, administrative and commercial purposes, the Mayan calendars added a religious element. For example, each day had a patron spirit, and so could be good for travel, but bad for business.One of their several calendars was called the Long Count. It was set up around 355 BCE, and had as its chosen starting date 0.0.0.0.0, which corresponds to 11 August 3114 BCE. And on 21 December 2012, the Mayan Long Count calendar will read 13.0.0.0.0.Now here&#8217;s how it works. Our numbering system is based on 10. But the Mayans had a counting system based on 20, so most of the &#8217;slots&#8217; in their calendar had 20 potential numbers (0 to 19). The calendar read a little like the odometer in your car&#8217;s speedo (which run from 0 to 9). The extreme right slot (of five slots) would count through the days, and when it got to 19 days (0.0.0.0.19) would reset to zero, and the next slot across to the left would increase by one (to 0.0.0.1.0).So 0.0.0.0.1 was one day, and 0.0.0.1.0 was 20 days. Then 0.0.1.0.0 was about one year, 0.1.0.0.0 was about 20 years and with 1.0.0.0.0, you&#8217;ve clocked up about 400 years. And on 21 December 2012, the Mayan Long Count calendar will read 13.0.0.0.0.By the way, the time between 0.0.0.0.0 and 13.0.0.0.0 is about 5126 years. Now some Mayan archaeo-astronomers reckon that the calendar should reset back to zero and start again. But others disagree and say it should continue to 20, and then reset again.We don&#8217;t have enough information to know who is correct &#8211; but if it does go up to 20, then this completely destroys the End of Days Conspiracy Theory, as far as the year 2012 is concerned. But let&#8217;s stick to the 13 Conspiracy for the time being.The claims for 21 December 2012 cover a lot of ground. They range from &#8216;nuclear holocaust&#8217; to &#8216;Harmonic Convergence of cosmic energy flowing through the earth, cleansing it and raising it to a higher level of vibration&#8217;, and along the way they include &#8216;the death of two-thirds of humanity&#8217; and &#8216;the north and south poles will split&#8217; &#8211; you get the picture. But there are two problems with this.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">First, when a calendar comes to the end of a cycle, it just rolls over into the next cycle. In our Western society, every year 31 December is followed, not by the End of the World, but by 1 January. So 13.0.0.0.0 in the Mayan calendar will be followed by 0.0.0.0.1 &#8211; or good-ol&#8217; 22 December 2012, with only a few shopping days left to Christmas.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">And the second problem is that it is always remarkably difficult to make predictions, especially about the future, and things that haven&#8217;t happened yet.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Apparently, on December 21st 2012, our planet will experience a powerful event. This time we&#8217;re not talking about Planet X, Nibiru or a &#8220;killer&#8221; solar flare, this event will originate deep within the core of our planet, forcing a catastrophic change in our protective magnetic field. Not only will we notice a rapid reduction in magnetic field strength, we&#8217;ll also see the magnetic poles rapidly reverse polarity (i.e. the north magnetic pole will be located over the South Pole and vice versa). So what does this mean to us? If we are to believe the doomsayers, we&#8217;ll be exposed to the vast quantities of radiation blasting from the Sun; with a reversing magnetic field comes a weakening in the Earth&#8217;s ability to deflect cosmic rays. Our armada of communication and military satellites will drop from orbit, adding to the chaos on the ground. There will be social unrest, warfare, famine and economic collapse. Without GPS, our airliners will also plough into the ground…Using the Mayan Prophecy as an excuse to create new and explosive ways in which our planet may be destroyed, 2012 doomsayers use the geomagnetic shift theory as if it is set in stone. Simply because scientists have said that it might happen within the next millennium appears to be proof enough that it will happen in four years time. Alas, although this theory has some scientific backing, there is no way that anyone can predict when geomagnetic reversal might happen to the nearest day or to the nearest million years…</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Firstly, let&#8217;s differentiate between geomagnetic reversal and polar shift. Geomagnetic reversal is the change in the magnetic field of the Earth, where the magnetic north pole shifts to the South Polar Region and the south magnetic pole shifts to the North Polar Region. Once this process is complete, our compasses would point toward Antarctica, rather than northern Canada. Polar shift is considered to be a less likely event that occurs a few times in the evolutionary timescale of the Solar System. There are a couple of examples of planets that have suffered a catastrophic polar shift, including Venus (which rotates in an opposite direction to all the other planets, therefore it was flipped upside down by some huge event, such as a planetary collision) and Uranus (which rotates on its side, having been knocked off-axis by an impact, or some gravitational effect caused by Jupiter and Saturn). Many authors (including the doomsayers themselves) often cite both geomagnetic reversal and polar shift as being one of the same thing. This isn&#8217;t the case.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">So, on with geomagnetic reversal…</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">How often does it happen?</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The Earths interior</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The reasons behind the reversal of the magnetic poles is poorly understood, but it is all down to the internal dynamics of Planet Earth. As our planet spins, the molten iron in the core flows freely, forcing free electrons to flow with it. This convective motion of charged particles sets up a magnetic field which bases its poles in the North and South Polar Regions (a dipole). This is known as the dynamo effect. The resulting magnetic field approximates a bar magnet, allowing the field to envelop our planet.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">This magnetic field passes through the core to the crust and pushes into space as the Earth&#8217;s magnetosphere, a protective bubble constantly being buffeted by the solar wind. As the solar wind particles are usually charged, the Earth&#8217;s powerful magnetosphere deflects the particles, only allowing them into the polar cusp regions where the polar magnetic fieldlines become &#8220;open.&#8221; The regions at which these energetic particles are allowed to enter glow as aurorae.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Usually this situation can last for aeons (a stable magnetic field threaded through the North and South Polar Regions), but occasionally, the magnetic field is known to reverse and alter in strength. Why is this?</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Earths polarity reversals over the last 160 million years. Black = normal polarity, White = reversed polarity.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Again, we simply do not know. We do know that this magnetic pole flip-flop has occurred many times in the last few million years, the last occurred 780,000 years ago according to ferromagnetic sediment. A few scaremongering articles have said geomagnetic reversal occurs with &#8220;clockwork regularity&#8221; – this is simply not true. As can be seen from the diagram (left), magnetic reversal has occurred fairly chaotically in the last 160 million years. Long-term data suggests that the longest stable period between magnetic &#8220;flips&#8221; is nearly 40 million years (during the Cretaceous period over 65 million years BC) and the shortest is a few hundred years.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Some 2012 theories suggest that the Earth&#8217;s geomagnetic reversal is connected to the natural 11-year solar cycle. Again, there is absolutely no scientific evidence to support this claim. No data has ever been produced suggesting a Sun-Earth magnetic polarity change connection.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">So, already this doomsday theory falters in that geomagnetic reversal does not occur with &#8220;clockwork regularity,&#8221; and it has no connection with solar dynamics. We are not due a magnetic flip as we cannot predict when the next one is going to occur, magnetic reversals occur at seemingly random points in history.What causes geomagnetic reversal?</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The model Earth, can a magnetic field be modelled in the lab?</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Research is afoot to try to understand the internal dynamics of our planet. As the Earth spins, the molten iron inside churns and flows in a fairly stable manner for millennia. For some reason during geomagnetic reversal, some instability causes an interruption to the steady generation of a global magnetic field, causing it to flip-flop between the poles.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">In a previous Gyandotcom 2012 Article, we discussed the efforts of geophysicist Dan Lathrop&#8217;s attempts to create his own &#8220;model Earth,&#8221; setting a 26 tonne ball (containing a molten iron analogue, sodium) spinning to see if the internal motion of the fluid could set up a magnetic field. This huge laboratory experiment is testament to the efforts being put into understanding how our Earth even generates a magnetic field, let alone why it randomly reverses.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">A minority view (which, again is used by doomsayers to link geomagnetic reversal with Planet X) is that there may be some external influence that causes the reversal. You will often see associated with the Planet X/Nibiru claims that should this mystery object encounter the inner Solar System during its highly elliptical orbit, the magnetic field disturbance could upset the internal dynamics of the Earth (and the Sun, possibly generating that &#8220;killer&#8221; solar flare I discussed back in June in my article the mood of sun is changing). This theory is a poor attempt to link several doomsday scenarios with a common harbinger of doom (i.e. Planet X). There is no reason to think the strong magnetic field of the Earth can be influenced by any external force, let alone a non-existent planet (or was that a brown dwarf?).</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The magnetic field strength waxes and wanes…</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Variations in geomagnetic field in western US since last reversal. The vertical dashed line is the critical value of intensity below which Guyodo and Valet (1999) consider several directional excursions to have occurred.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">New research into the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field was published recently in the September 26th issue of Science, suggesting that the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field isn&#8217;t as simple as we once believed. In addition to the North-South dipole, there is a weaker magnetic field spread around the planet, probably generated in the outer core of the Earth.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The Earth&#8217;s magnetic field is measured to vary in field strength and it is a well known fact that the magnetic field strength is currently experiencing a downward trend. The new research paper, co-authored by geochronologist Brad Singer of the University of Wisconsin, suggests that the weaker magnetic field is critical to geomagnetic reversal. Should the stronger dipole (north-south) field reduce below the magnetic field strength of this usually weaker, distributed field, a geomagnetic reversal is possible.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">&#8220;The field is not always stable, the convection and the nature of the flow changes, and it can cause the dipole that&#8217;s generated to wax and wane in intensity and strength,&#8221; Singer said. &#8220;When it becomes very weak, it&#8217;s less capable of reaching to the surface of the Earth, and what you start to see emerge is this non-axial dipole, the weaker part of the field that&#8217;s left over.&#8221; Singer&#8217;s research group analysed samples of ancient lava from volcanoes in Tahiti and Germany between 500,000 and 700,000 years ago. By looking at an iron-rich mineral called magnetite in the lava, the researchers were able to deduce the direction of the magnetic field.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The spin of the electrons in the mineral is governed by the dominant magnetic field. During times of strong dipolar field, these electrons pointed toward the magnetic North Pole. During times of weak dipolar field, the electrons pointed to wherever the dominant field was, in this case the distributed magnetic field. They think that when the weakened dipolar field drops below a certain threshold, the distributed field pulls the dipolar field off-axis, causing a geomagnetic shift.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">&#8220;The magnetic field is one of the most fundamental features of the Earth,&#8221; Singer said. &#8220;But it&#8217;s still one of the biggest enigmas in science. Why [the flip] happens is something people have been chasing for more than a hundred years.&#8221;</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Our meandering magnetic pole</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The movement of Earth&#8217;s north magnetic pole across the Canadian arctic, 1831&#8211;2001 (Geological Survey of Canada)</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Although there appears to be a current downward trend in magnetic field strength, the current magnetic field is still considered to be &#8220;above average&#8221; when compared with the variations measured in recent history. According to researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, if the magnetic field continued to decrease at the current trend, the dipolar field would effectively be zero in 500 years time. However, it is more likely that the field strength will simply rebound and increase in strength as it has done over the last several thousand years, continuing with its natural fluctuations.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The positions of the magnetic poles are also known to be wondering over Arctic and Antarctic locations. Take the magnetic north pole for example (pictured left); it has accelerated north over the Canadian plains from 10 km per year in the 20th Century to 40 km per year more recently. It is thought that if the point of magnetic north continues this trend, it will exit North America and enter Siberia in a few decades time. This is not a new phenomenon however. Ever since James Ross&#8217; discovery of the location of the north magnetic pole for the first time in 1831, it&#8217;s location has meandered hundreds of miles (even though today&#8217;s measurements show some acceleration).</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">So, no doomsday then?</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Apparently, the world is going to end on December 21st, 2012. Yes, you read correctly, in some way, shape or form, the Earth (or at least a large portion of humans on the planet) will cease to exist. Stop planning your careers, don&#8217;t bother buying a house, and be sure to spend the last years of your life doing something you always wanted to do but never had the time. Now you have the time, four years of time, to enjoy yourselves before… the end.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">So what is all this crazy talk? We&#8217;ve all heard these doomsday predictions before, we&#8217;re still here, and the planet is still here, why is 2012 so important? Well, the Mayan calendar stops at the end of the year 2012, churning up all sorts of religious, scientific, astrological and historic reasons why this calendar foretells the end of life as we know it. The Mayan Prophecy is gaining strength and appears to be worrying people in all areas of society. Forget Nostradamus, forget the Y2K bug, forget the credit crunch, this event is predicted to be huge and many wholeheartedly believe this is going to happen for real. Planet X could even be making a comeback.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Geomagnetic reversal is an engrossing area of geophysical research that will continue to occupy physicists and geologists for many years to come. Although the dynamics behind this event are not fully understood, there is absolutely no scientific evidence supporting the claim that there could be a geomagnetic reversal around the time of December 21st, 2012.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Besides, the effects of such a reversal have been totally over-hyped. Should we experience geomagnetic reversal in our lifetimes (which we probably won&#8217;t), it is unlikely that we&#8217;ll be cooked alive by the Solar Wind, or be wiped out by cosmic rays. It is unlikely that we&#8217;ll suffer any mass extinction event (after all, early man, homo erectus, lived through the last geomagnetic shift, apparently with ease). We&#8217;ll most likely experience aurorae at all latitudes whilst the dipolar magnetic field settles down to its new, reversed state, and there might be a small increase in energetic particles from space (remember, just because the magnetosphere is weakened, doesn&#8217;t mean we wont have magnetic protection), but we&#8217;ll still be (largely) protected by our thick atmosphere.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Satellites may malfunction and migrating birds may become confused, but to predict world collapse is a hard pill to swallow.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">In conclusion:</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Geomagnetic reversal is chaotic in nature.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">There is no way we can predict it.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Simply because the magnetic field of the Earth is weakening does not mean it is near collapse. Geomagnetic field strength is &#8220;above average&#8221; if we compare today&#8217;s measurements with the last few million years.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The magnetic poles are not set in geographical locations, they move (at varying speeds) and have done ever since measurements began.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">There is no evidence to suggest external forcing of internal geomagnetic dynamics of the Earth. Therefore there is no evidence of the solar cycle-geomagnetic shift connection. Don&#8217;t get me started on Planet X.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">So, do you think there will be a geomagnetic reversal event in 2012? I thought not.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">First and foremost, the Sun has a natural cycle with a period of approximately 11 years. During the lifetime of each cycle, the magnetic field lines of the Sun are dragged around the solar body by differential rotation at the solar equator. This means that the equator is spinning faster than the magnetic poles. As this continues, solar plasma drags the magnetic field lines around the Sun, causing stress and a build up of energy (an illustration of this is pictured). As magnetic energy increases, kinks in the magnetic flux form, forcing them to the surface. These kinks are known as coronal loops which become more numerous during periods of high solar activity.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">This is where the sunspots come in. As coronal loops continue to pop up over the surface, sunspots appear too, often located at the loop footpoints. Coronal loops have the effect of pushing the hotter surface layers of the Sun (the photosphere and chromosphere) aside, exposing the cooler convection zone (the reasons why the solar surface and atmosphere is hotter than the solar interior is down to the coronal heating phenomenon). As magnetic energy builds up, we can expect more and more magnetic flux to be forced together. This is when a phenomenon known as magnetic reconnection occurs.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Reconnection is the trigger for solar flares of various sizes. As previously reported, solar flares from &#8220;nanoflares&#8221; to &#8220;X-class flares&#8221; are very energetic events. Granted, the largest flares my generate enough energy for 100 billion atomic explosions, but don&#8217;t let this huge figure concern you. For a start, this flare occurs in the low corona, right near the solar surface. That&#8217;s nearly 100 million miles away (1AU). The Earth is nowhere close to the blast.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">As the solar magnetic field lines release a huge amount of energy, solar plasma is accelerated and confined within the magnetic environment (solar plasma is superheated particles like protons, electrons and some light elements such as helium nuclei). As the plasma particles interact, X-rays may be generated if the conditions are right and bremsstrahlung is possible. (Bremsstrahlung occurs when charged particles interact, resulting in X-ray emission.) This may create an X-ray flare.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The biggest problem with an X-ray flare is that we get little warning when it is going to happen as X-rays travel at the speed of light (one of the record breaking 2003 solar flares is pictured left). X-rays from an X-class flare will reach the Earth in around eight minutes. As X-rays hit our atmosphere, they are absorbed in the outermost layer called the ionosphere. As you can guess from the name, this is a highly charged, reactive environment, full of ions (atomic nuclei, and free electrons).</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">During powerful solar events such as flares, rates of ionization between X-rays and atmospheric gases increase in the D and E region layers of the ionosphere. There is a sudden surge in electron production in these layers. These electrons can cause interference to the passage of radio waves through the atmosphere, absorbing short wave radio signals (in the high frequency range), possibly blocking global communications. These events are known as &#8220;Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances&#8221; (or SIDs) and they become commonplace during periods of high solar activity. Interestingly, the increase in electron density during a SID boosts the propagation of Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio, a phenomenon scientists use to measure the intensity of X-rays coming from the Sun.X-ray solar flare emissions are only part of the story. If the conditions are right, a coronal mass ejection (CME) might be produced at the site of the flare (although either phenomenon can occur independently). CMEs are slower than the propagation of X-rays, but their global effects here on Earth can be more problematic. They may not travel at the speed of light, but they still travel fast; they can travel at a rate of 2 million miles per hour (3.2 million km/hr), meaning they may reach us in a matter of hours.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">This is where much effort is being put into space weather prediction. We have a handful of spacecraft sitting between the Earth and the Sun at the Earth-Sun Lagrangian (L1) point with sensors on board to measure the energy and intensity of the solar wind. Should a CME pass through their location, energetic particles and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) can be measured directly. One mission called the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) sits in the L1 point and provides scientists with up to an hour notice on the approach of a CME. ACE teams up with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO), so CMEs can be tracked from the lower corona into interplanetary space, through the L1 point toward Earth. These solar missions are actively working together to provide space agencies with advanced notice of an Earth-directed CME.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">So what if a CME reaches Earth? For a start, much depends on the magnetic configuration of the IMF (from the Sun) and the geomagnetic field of the Earth (the magnetosphere). Generally speaking, if both magnetic fields are aligned with polarities pointing in the same direction, it is highly probable that the CME will be repelled by the magnetosphere. In this case, the CME will slide past the Earth, causing some pressure and distortion on the magnetosphere, but otherwise passing without a problem. However, if the magnetic field lines are in an anti-parallel configuration (i.e. magnetic polarities in opposite directions), magnetic reconnection may occur at the leading edge of the magnetosphere.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">In this event, the IMF and magnetosphere will merge, connecting the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field with the Sun&#8217;s. This sets the scene for one of the most awe inspiring events in nature: the aurora.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Satellites in Peril</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">As the CME magnetic field connects with the Earth&#8217;s, high energy particles are injected into the magnetosphere. Due to solar wind pressure, the Sun&#8217;s magnetic field lines will fold around the Earth, sweeping behind our planet. The particles injected in the &#8220;dayside&#8221; will be funnelled into the polar regions of the Earth where they interact with our atmosphere, generating light as aurorae. During this time, the Van Allen belt will also become &#8220;super-charged&#8221;, creating a region around the Earth that could cause problems to unprotected astronauts and any unshielded satellites.As if the radiation from the Van Allen belt wasn&#8217;t enough, satellites could succumb to the threat of an expanding atmosphere. As you&#8217;d expect, as if the Sun hits the Earth with X-rays and CMEs, there will be inevitable heating and global expansion of the atmosphere, possibly encroaching into satellite orbital altitudes. If left unchecked, an aerobraking effect on satellites could cause them to slow and drop in altitude. Aerobraking has been used extensively as a space flight tool to slow spacecraft down when being inserted into orbit around another planet, but this will have an adverse effect on satellites orbiting Earth as any slowing of velocity could cause it to re-enter the atmosphere.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">We Feel the Effects on the Ground Too</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Although satellites are on the front line, if there is a powerful surge in energetic particles entering the atmosphere, we may feel the adverse effects down here on Earth too. Due to the X-ray generation of electrons in the ionosphere, some forms of communication may become patchy (or be removed all together), but this isn&#8217;t all that can happen. Particularly in high-latitude regions, a vast electric current, known as an &#8220;electrojet&#8221;, may form through the ionosphere by these incoming particles. With an electric current comes a magnetic field. Depending on the intensity of the solar storm, currents may be induced down here on the ground, possibly overloading national power grids. On March 13th 1989, six million people lost power in the Quebec region of Canada after a huge increase in solar activity caused a surge from ground-induced currents. Quebec was paralysed for nine hours whilst engineers worked on a solution to the problem.Can Our Sun Produce a Killer Flare?</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The short answer to this is &#8220;no&#8221;.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">The longer answer is a little more involved. Whilst a solar flare from out Sun, aimed directly at us, could cause secondary problems such as satellite damage and injury to unprotected astronauts and blackouts, the flare itself is not powerful enough to destroy Earth, certainly not in 2012. I dare say, in the far future when the Sun begins to run out of fuel and swell into a red giant, it might be a bad era for life on Earth, but we have a few billion years to wait for that to happen. There could even be the possibility of several X-class flares being launched and by pure bad luck we may get hit by a series of CMEs and X-ray bursts, but none will be powerful to overcome our magnetosphere, ionosphere and thick atmosphere below.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">&#8220;Killer&#8221; solar flares have been observed on other stars. In 2006, NASA&#8217;s Swift observatory saw the largest stellar flare ever observed 135 light-years away. Estimated to have unleashed an energy of 50 million trillion atomic bombs, the II Pegasi flare will have wiped out most life on Earth if our Sun fired X-rays from a flare of that energy at us. However, our Sun is not II Pegasi. II Pegasi is a violent red giant star with a binary partner in a very close orbit. It is believed the gravitational interaction with its binary partner and the fact II Pegasi is a red giant is the root cause behind this energetic flare event.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Doomsayers point to the Sun as a possible Earth-killer source, but the fact remains that our Sun is a very stable star. It does not have a binary partner (like II Pegasi), it has a predictable cycle (of approximately 11 years) and there is no evidence that our Sun contributed to any mass extinction event in the past via a huge Earth-directed flare. Very large solar flares have been observed (such as the 1859 Carrington white light flare)… but we are still here.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">In an added twist, solar physicists are surprised by the lack of solar activity at the start of this 24th solar cycle, leading to some scientists to speculate we might be on the verge of another Maunder minimum and &#8220;Little Ice Age&#8221;. This is in stark contrast to NASA solar physicist&#8217;s 2006 prediction that this cycle will be a &#8220;doozy&#8221;.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">This leads me to conclude that we still have a long way to go when predicting solar flare events. Although space weather prediction is improving, it will be a few years yet until we can read the Sun accurately enough to say with any certainty just how active a solar cycle is going to be. So, regardless of prophecy, prediction or myth, there is no physical way to say that the Earth will be hit by any flare, let alone a big one in 2012. Even if a big flare did hit us, it will not be an extinction event. Yes, satellites may be damaged, causing secondary problems such as a GPS loss (which might disrupt air traffic control for example) or national power grids may be overwhelmed by auroral electrojets, but nothing more extreme than that.</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">But hold on, to sidestep this issue, doomsayers now tell us that a large solar flare will hit us just as the Earth&#8217;s geomagnetic field weakens and reverses,or Catostrophic Earthquakes will Hit globally leaving us unprotected from the ravages of a CME…</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">by Rohit Sharma</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">to know about Solar Storms&#8230;Read The Changing moods of Sun in Gyandotcom site</div>
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<div>The driver was taking  me from  mumbai airport  to the express highway  to pune city. As we chatted on theway , it came out that he was deeply worried. He had a wife and child, and a new baby on the way &#8211; but what was the use of living, he cried, if the world would end in 2012 as predicted by the Mayan prophecies, when his new baby would be just four years old.Prophecies about the end of the world (or at the very least, civilisation as we know it) have been around forever. There was a flurry of them around 2000 AD, and another bunch for 5 May 2005, when all the planets were supposed to line up. (By the way, they didn&#8217;t line up and yep, we&#8217;re still here.)The Mayan civilisation covered the skinny bit of the Americas between North and South America, reaching from the southern states of Mexico down to western Honduras. Its Classic Period was from 250 to 900 AD, so their best years were behind them by the time of the Spanish invasion.At their peak, the Mayans had the only mature written language ever found in the Americas, spectacular and densely populated cities, and very sophisticated systems of mathematics, astronomy and calendars.They were marvelous astronomers, showing what could be done with the naked eye. Their measurements of the lunar month, the period of Venus and the year were more accurate than those of the Ancient Greeks.Which brings us to the calendar that predicts the end of the world in 2012.The Mayans had many calendars, because they saw &#8216;time&#8217; as a meshing of sacred or spiritual cycles. So while our Gregorian calendar organises days for social, administrative and commercial purposes, the Mayan calendars added a religious element. For example, each day had a patron spirit, and so could be good for travel, but bad for business.One of their several calendars was called the Long Count. It was set up around 355 BCE, and had as its chosen starting date 0.0.0.0.0, which corresponds to 11 August 3114 BCE. And on 21 December 2012, the Mayan Long Count calendar will read 13.0.0.0.0.Now here&#8217;s how it works. Our numbering system is based on 10. But the Mayans had a counting system based on 20, so most of the &#8217;slots&#8217; in their calendar had 20 potential numbers (0 to 19). The calendar read a little like the odometer in your car&#8217;s speedo (which run from 0 to 9). The extreme right slot (of five slots) would count through the days, and when it got to 19 days (0.0.0.0.19) would reset to zero, and the next slot across to the left would increase by one (to 0.0.0.1.0).So 0.0.0.0.1 was one day, and 0.0.0.1.0 was 20 days. Then 0.0.1.0.0 was about one year, 0.1.0.0.0 was about 20 years and with 1.0.0.0.0, you&#8217;ve clocked up about 400 years. And on 21 December 2012, the Mayan Long Count calendar will read 13.0.0.0.0.By the way, the time between 0.0.0.0.0 and 13.0.0.0.0 is about 5126 years. Now some Mayan archaeo-astronomers reckon that the calendar should reset back to zero and start again. But others disagree and say it should continue to 20, and then reset again.We don&#8217;t have enough information to know who is correct &#8211; but if it does go up to 20, then this completely destroys the End of Days Conspiracy Theory, as far as the year 2012 is concerned. But let&#8217;s stick to the 13 Conspiracy for the time being.The claims for 21 December 2012 cover a lot of ground. They range from &#8216;nuclear holocaust&#8217; to &#8216;Harmonic Convergence of cosmic energy flowing through the earth, cleansing it and raising it to a higher level of vibration&#8217;, and along the way they include &#8216;the death of two-thirds of humanity&#8217; and &#8216;the north and south poles will split&#8217; &#8211; you get the picture. But there are two problems with this.</div>
<div>First, when a calendar comes to the end of a cycle, it just rolls over into the next cycle. In our Western society, every year 31 December is followed, not by the End of the World, but by 1 January. So 13.0.0.0.0 in the Mayan calendar will be followed by 0.0.0.0.1 &#8211; or good-ol&#8217; 22 December 2012, with only a few shopping days left to Christmas.</div>
<div>And the second problem is that it is always remarkably difficult to make predictions, especially about the future, and things that haven&#8217;t happened yet.</div>
<div>but the polar shift,global worming catostrophic earthquakes will hit in 2012. lets findout how</div>
</div>
<div>First and foremost, the Sun has a natural cycle with a period of approximately 11 years. During the lifetime of each cycle, the magnetic field lines of the Sun are dragged around the solar body by differential rotation at the solar equator. This means that the equator is spinning faster than the magnetic poles. As this continues, solar plasma drags the magnetic field lines around the Sun, causing stress and a build up of energy (an illustration of this is pictured). As magnetic energy increases, kinks in the magnetic flux form, forcing them to the surface. These kinks are known as coronal loops which become more numerous during periods of high solar activity.This is where the sunspots come in. As coronal loops continue to pop up over the surface, sunspots appear too, often located at the loop footpoints. Coronal loops have the effect of pushing the hotter surface layers of the Sun (the photosphere and chromosphere) aside, exposing the cooler convection zone (the reasons why the solar surface and atmosphere is hotter than the solar interior is down to the coronal heating phenomenon). As magnetic energy builds up, we can expect more and more magnetic flux to be forced together. This is when a phenomenon known as magnetic reconnection occurs.Reconnection is the trigger for solar flares of various sizes. As previously reported, solar flares from &#8220;nanoflares&#8221; to &#8220;X-class flares&#8221; are very energetic events. Granted, the largest flares my generate enough energy for 100 billion atomic explosions, but don&#8217;t let this huge figure concern you. For a start, this flare occurs in the low corona, right near the solar surface. That&#8217;s nearly 100 million miles away (1AU). The Earth is nowhere close to the blast.As the solar magnetic field lines release a huge amount of energy, solar plasma is accelerated and confined within the magnetic environment (solar plasma is superheated particles like protons, electrons and some light elements such as helium nuclei). As the plasma particles interact, X-rays may be generated if the conditions are right and bremsstrahlung is possible. (Bremsstrahlung occurs when charged particles interact, resulting in X-ray emission.) This may create an X-ray flare.</div>
<div>Apparently, on December 21st 2012, our planet will experience a powerful event. This time we&#8217;re not talking about Planet X, Nibiru or a &#8220;killer&#8221; solar flare, this event will originate deep within the core of our planet, forcing a catastrophic change in our protective magnetic field. Not only will we notice a rapid reduction in magnetic field strength, we&#8217;ll also see the magnetic poles rapidly reverse polarity (i.e. the north magnetic pole will be located over the South Pole and vice versa). So what does this mean to us? If we are to believe the doomsayers, we&#8217;ll be exposed to the vast quantities of radiation blasting from the Sun; with a reversing magnetic field comes a weakening in the Earth&#8217;s ability to deflect cosmic rays. Our armada of communication and military satellites will drop from orbit, adding to the chaos on the ground. There will be social unrest, warfare, famine and economic collapse. Without GPS, our airliners will also plough into the ground…Using the Mayan Prophecy as an excuse to create new and explosive ways in which our planet may be destroyed, 2012 doomsayers use the geomagnetic shift theory as if it is set in stone. Simply because scientists have said that it might happen within the next millennium appears to be proof enough that it will happen in four years time. Alas, although this theory has some scientific backing, there is no way that anyone can predict when geomagnetic reversal might happen to the nearest day or to the nearest million years…</div>
<div>Firstly, let&#8217;s differentiate between geomagnetic reversal and polar shift. Geomagnetic reversal is the change in the magnetic field of the Earth, where the magnetic north pole shifts to the South Polar Region and the south magnetic pole shifts to the North Polar Region. Once this process is complete, our compasses would point toward Antarctica, rather than northern Canada. Polar shift is considered to be a less likely event that occurs a few times in the evolutionary timescale of the Solar System. There are a couple of examples of planets that have suffered a catastrophic polar shift, including Venus (which rotates in an opposite direction to all the other planets, therefore it was flipped upside down by some huge event, such as a planetary collision) and Uranus (which rotates on its side, having been knocked off-axis by an impact, or some gravitational effect caused by Jupiter and Saturn). Many authors (including the doomsayers themselves) often cite both geomagnetic reversal and polar shift as being one of the same thing. This isn&#8217;t the case.</div>
<div>So, on with geomagnetic reversal…</div>
<div>How often does it happen?</div>
<div>The Earths interior</div>
<div>The reasons behind the reversal of the magnetic poles is poorly understood, but it is all down to the internal dynamics of Planet Earth. As our planet spins, the molten iron in the core flows freely, forcing free electrons to flow with it. This convective motion of charged particles sets up a magnetic field which bases its poles in the North and South Polar Regions (a dipole). This is known as the dynamo effect. The resulting magnetic field approximates a bar magnet, allowing the field to envelop our planet.</div>
<div>This magnetic field passes through the core to the crust and pushes into space as the Earth&#8217;s magnetosphere, a protective bubble constantly being buffeted by the solar wind. As the solar wind particles are usually charged, the Earth&#8217;s powerful magnetosphere deflects the particles, only allowing them into the polar cusp regions where the polar magnetic fieldlines become &#8220;open.&#8221; The regions at which these energetic particles are allowed to enter glow as aurorae.</div>
<div>Usually this situation can last for aeons (a stable magnetic field threaded through the North and South Polar Regions), but occasionally, the magnetic field is known to reverse and alter in strength. Why is this?</div>
<div>Earths polarity reversals over the last 160 million years. Black = normal polarity, White = reversed polarity.</div>
<div>Again, we simply do not know. We do know that this magnetic pole flip-flop has occurred many times in the last few million years, the last occurred 780,000 years ago according to ferromagnetic sediment. A few scaremongering articles have said geomagnetic reversal occurs with &#8220;clockwork regularity&#8221; – this is simply not true. As can be seen from the diagram (left), magnetic reversal has occurred fairly chaotically in the last 160 million years. Long-term data suggests that the longest stable period between magnetic &#8220;flips&#8221; is nearly 40 million years (during the Cretaceous period over 65 million years BC) and the shortest is a few hundred years.</div>
<div>Some 2012 theories suggest that the Earth&#8217;s geomagnetic reversal is connected to the natural 11-year solar cycle. Again, there is absolutely no scientific evidence to support this claim. No data has ever been produced suggesting a Sun-Earth magnetic polarity change connection.</div>
<div>So, already this doomsday theory falters in that geomagnetic reversal does not occur with &#8220;clockwork regularity,&#8221; and it has no connection with solar dynamics. We are not due a magnetic flip as we cannot predict when the next one is going to occur, magnetic reversals occur at seemingly random points in history.What causes geomagnetic reversal?</div>
<div>The model Earth, can a magnetic field be modelled in the lab?</div>
<div>Research is afoot to try to understand the internal dynamics of our planet. As the Earth spins, the molten iron inside churns and flows in a fairly stable manner for millennia. For some reason during geomagnetic reversal, some instability causes an interruption to the steady generation of a global magnetic field, causing it to flip-flop between the poles.</div>
<div>In a previous Gyandotcom the end of days 2012 Article, we discussed the efforts of geophysicist Dan Lathrop&#8217;s attempts to create his own &#8220;model Earth,&#8221; setting a 26 tonne ball (containing a molten iron analogue, sodium) spinning to see if the internal motion of the fluid could set up a magnetic field. This huge laboratory experiment is testament to the efforts being put into understanding how our Earth even generates a magnetic field, let alone why it randomly reverses.</div>
<div>A minority view (which, again is used by doomsayers to link geomagnetic reversal with Planet X) is that there may be some external influence that causes the reversal. You will often see associated with the Planet X/Nibiru claims that should this mystery object encounter the inner Solar System during its highly elliptical orbit, the magnetic field disturbance could upset the internal dynamics of the Earth (and the Sun, possibly generating that &#8220;killer&#8221; solar flare I discussed back in June in my article the mood of sun is changing). This theory is a poor attempt to link several doomsday scenarios with a common harbinger of doom (i.e. Planet X). There is no reason to think the strong magnetic field of the Earth can be influenced by any external force, let alone a non-existent planet (or was that a brown dwarf?).</div>
<div><strong>The magnetic field strength waxes and wanes…</strong></div>
<div>Variations in geomagnetic field in western US since last reversal. The vertical dashed line is the critical value of intensity below which Guyodo and Valet (1999) consider several directional excursions to have occurred.</div>
<div>New research into the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field was published recently in the September 26th issue of Gyandotcom, suggesting that the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field isn&#8217;t as simple as we once believed. In addition to the North-South dipole, there is a weaker magnetic field spread around the planet, probably generated in the outer core of the Earth.</div>
<div>The Earth&#8217;s magnetic field is measured to vary in field strength and it is a well known fact that the magnetic field strength is currently experiencing a downward trend. The new research paper, co-authored by geochronologist Brad Singer of the University of Wisconsin, suggests that the weaker magnetic field is critical to geomagnetic reversal. Should the stronger dipole (north-south) field reduce below the magnetic field strength of this usually weaker, distributed field, a geomagnetic reversal is possible.</div>
<div>&#8220;The field is not always stable, the convection and the nature of the flow changes, and it can cause the dipole that&#8217;s generated to wax and wane in intensity and strength,&#8221; Singer said. &#8220;When it becomes very weak, it&#8217;s less capable of reaching to the surface of the Earth, and what you start to see emerge is this non-axial dipole, the weaker part of the field that&#8217;s left over.&#8221; Singer&#8217;s research group analysed samples of ancient lava from volcanoes in Tahiti and Germany between 500,000 and 700,000 years ago. By looking at an iron-rich mineral called magnetite in the lava, the researchers were able to deduce the direction of the magnetic field.</div>
<div>The spin of the electrons in the mineral is governed by the dominant magnetic field. During times of strong dipolar field, these electrons pointed toward the magnetic North Pole. During times of weak dipolar field, the electrons pointed to wherever the dominant field was, in this case the distributed magnetic field. They think that when the weakened dipolar field drops below a certain threshold, the distributed field pulls the dipolar field off-axis, causing a geomagnetic shift.</div>
<div>&#8220;The magnetic field is one of the most fundamental features of the Earth,&#8221; Singer said. &#8220;But it&#8217;s still one of the biggest enigmas in science. Why [the flip] happens is something people have been chasing for more than a hundred years.&#8221;</div>
<div><strong>Our meandering magnetic pole</strong></div>
<div>The movement of Earth&#8217;s north magnetic pole across the Canadian arctic, 1831&#8211;2001 (Geological Survey of Canada)</div>
<div>Although there appears to be a current downward trend in magnetic field strength, the current magnetic field is still considered to be &#8220;above average&#8221; when compared with the variations measured in recent history. According to researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, if the magnetic field continued to decrease at the current trend, the dipolar field would effectively be zero in 500 years time. However, it is more likely that the field strength will simply rebound and increase in strength as it has done over the last several thousand years, continuing with its natural fluctuations.</div>
<div>The positions of the magnetic poles are also known to be wondering over Arctic and Antarctic locations. Take the magnetic north pole it has accelerated north over the Canadian plains from 10 km per year in the 20th Century to 40 km per year more recently. It is thought that if the point of magnetic north continues this trend, it will exit North America and enter Siberia in a few decades time. This is not a new phenomenon however. Ever since James Ross&#8217; discovery of the location of the north magnetic pole for the first time in 1831, it&#8217;s location has meandered hundreds of miles (even though today&#8217;s measurements show some acceleration).</div>
<div style="text-align:center;"><strong>So, no doomsday then?</strong></div>
<div>Apparently, the world is going to end on December 21st, 2012. Yes, you read correctly, in some way, shape or form, the Earth (or at least a large portion of humans on the planet) will cease to exist. Stop planning your careers, don&#8217;t bother buying a house, and be sure to spend the last years of your life doing something you always wanted to do but never had the time. Now you have the time, four years of time, to enjoy yourselves before… the end.</div>
<div><strong>So what is all this crazy talk?</strong></div>
<div><strong> </strong>We&#8217;ve all heard these doomsday predictions before even in gyandotcom i&#8217;ve written article on mayan calender prophacy, we&#8217;re still here, and the planet is still here, <strong>why is 2012 so important?</strong> Well, the Mayan calendar stops at the end of the year 2012, churning up all sorts of religious, scientific, astrological and historic reasons why this calendar foretells the end of life as we know it. The Mayan Prophecy is gaining strength and appears to be worrying people in all areas of society. Forget Nostradamus, forget the Y2K bug, forget the credit crunch, this event is predicted to be huge and many wholeheartedly believe this is going to happen for real. Planet X could even be making a comeback.</div>
<div>Geomagnetic reversal is an engrossing area of geophysical research that will continue to occupy physicists and geologists for many years to come. Although the dynamics behind this event are not fully understood, there is absolutely no scientific evidence supporting the claim that there could be a geomagnetic reversal around the time of December 21st, 2012.</div>
<div>Besides, the effects of such a reversal have been totally over-hyped. Should we experience geomagnetic reversal in our lifetimes (which we probably won&#8217;t), it is unlikely that we&#8217;ll be cooked alive by the Solar Wind, or be wiped out by cosmic rays. It is unlikely that we&#8217;ll suffer any mass extinction event (after all, early man, homo erectus, lived through the last geomagnetic shift, apparently with ease). We&#8217;ll most likely experience aurorae at all latitudes whilst the dipolar magnetic field settles down to its new, reversed state, and there might be a small increase in energetic particles from space (remember, just because the magnetosphere is weakened, doesn&#8217;t mean we wont have magnetic protection), but we&#8217;ll still be (largely) protected by our thick atmosphere.</div>
<div>Satellites may malfunction and migrating birds may become confused, but to predict world collapse is a hard pill to swallow.</div>
<div><strong>In conclusion:</strong></div>
<div>Geomagnetic reversal is chaotic in nature.</div>
<div>There is no way we can predict it.</div>
<div>Simply because the magnetic field of the Earth is weakening does not mean it is near collapse. Geomagnetic field strength is &#8220;above average&#8221; if we compare today&#8217;s measurements with the last few million years.</div>
<div>The magnetic poles are not set in geographical locations, they move (at varying speeds) and have done ever since measurements began.</div>
<div>There is no evidence to suggest external forcing of internal geomagnetic dynamics of the Earth. Therefore there is no evidence of the solar cycle-geomagnetic shift connection. Don&#8217;t get me started on Planet X.</div>
<div>So, do you think there will be a geomagnetic reversal event in 2012? I thought not.</div>
<div>First and foremost, the Sun has a natural cycle with a period of approximately 11 years. During the lifetime of each cycle, the magnetic field lines of the Sun are dragged around the solar body by differential rotation at the solar equator. This means that the equator is spinning faster than the magnetic poles. As this continues, solar plasma drags the magnetic field lines around the Sun, causing stress and a build up of energy (an illustration of this is pictured). As magnetic energy increases, kinks in the magnetic flux form, forcing them to the surface. These kinks are known as coronal loops which become more numerous during periods of high solar activity.</div>
<div>This is where the sunspots come in. As coronal loops continue to pop up over the surface, sunspots appear too, often located at the loop footpoints. Coronal loops have the effect of pushing the hotter surface layers of the Sun (the photosphere and chromosphere) aside, exposing the cooler convection zone (the reasons why the solar surface and atmosphere is hotter than the solar interior is down to the coronal heating phenomenon). As magnetic energy builds up, we can expect more and more magnetic flux to be forced together. This is when a phenomenon known as magnetic reconnection occurs.</div>
<div>Reconnection is the trigger for solar flares of various sizes. As previously reported, solar flares from &#8220;nanoflares&#8221; to &#8220;X-class flares&#8221; are very energetic events. Granted, the largest flares my generate enough energy for 100 billion atomic explosions, but don&#8217;t let this huge figure concern you. For a start, this flare occurs in the low corona, right near the solar surface. That&#8217;s nearly 100 million miles away (1AU). The Earth is nowhere close to the blast.</div>
<div>As the solar magnetic field lines release a huge amount of energy, solar plasma is accelerated and confined within the magnetic environment (solar plasma is superheated particles like protons, electrons and some light elements such as helium nuclei). As the plasma particles interact, X-rays may be generated if the conditions are right and bremsstrahlung is possible. (Bremsstrahlung occurs when charged particles interact, resulting in X-ray emission.) This may create an X-ray flare.</div>
<div>The biggest problem with an X-ray flare is that we get little warning when it is going to happen as X-rays travel at the speed of light (one of the record breaking 2003 solar flares is pictured left). X-rays from an X-class flare will reach the Earth in around eight minutes. As X-rays hit our atmosphere, they are absorbed in the outermost layer called the ionosphere. As you can guess from the name, this is a highly charged, reactive environment, full of ions (atomic nuclei, and free electrons).</div>
<div>During powerful solar events such as flares, rates of ionization between X-rays and atmospheric gases increase in the D and E region layers of the ionosphere. There is a sudden surge in electron production in these layers. These electrons can cause interference to the passage of radio waves through the atmosphere, absorbing short wave radio signals (in the high frequency range), possibly blocking global communications. These events are known as &#8220;Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances&#8221; (or SIDs) and they become commonplace during periods of high solar activity. Interestingly, the increase in electron density during a SID boosts the propagation of Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio, a phenomenon scientists use to measure the intensity of X-rays coming from the Sun.X-ray solar flare emissions are only part of the story. If the conditions are right, a coronal mass ejection (CME) might be produced at the site of the flare (although either phenomenon can occur independently). CMEs are slower than the propagation of X-rays, but their global effects here on Earth can be more problematic. They may not travel at the speed of light, but they still travel fast; they can travel at a rate of 2 million miles per hour (3.2 million km/hr), meaning they may reach us in a matter of hours.</div>
<div>This is where much effort is being put into space weather prediction. We have a handful of spacecraft sitting between the Earth and the Sun at the Earth-Sun Lagrangian (L1) point with sensors on board to measure the energy and intensity of the solar wind. Should a CME pass through their location, energetic particles and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) can be measured directly. One mission called the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) sits in the L1 point and provides scientists with up to an hour notice on the approach of a CME. ACE teams up with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO), so CMEs can be tracked from the lower corona into interplanetary space, through the L1 point toward Earth. These solar missions are actively working together to provide space agencies with advanced notice of an Earth-directed CME.</div>
<div>So what if a CME reaches Earth? For a start, much depends on the magnetic configuration of the IMF (from the Sun) and the geomagnetic field of the Earth (the magnetosphere). Generally speaking, if both magnetic fields are aligned with polarities pointing in the same direction, it is highly probable that the CME will be repelled by the magnetosphere. In this case, the CME will slide past the Earth, causing some pressure and distortion on the magnetosphere, but otherwise passing without a problem. However, if the magnetic field lines are in an anti-parallel configuration (i.e. magnetic polarities in opposite directions), magnetic reconnection may occur at the leading edge of the magnetosphere.</div>
<div>In this event, the IMF and magnetosphere will merge, connecting the Earth&#8217;s magnetic field with the Sun&#8217;s. This sets the scene for one of the most awe inspiring events in nature: the aurora.</div>
<div>Satellites in Peril</div>
<div>As the CME magnetic field connects with the Earth&#8217;s, high energy particles are injected into the magnetosphere. Due to solar wind pressure, the Sun&#8217;s magnetic field lines will fold around the Earth, sweeping behind our planet. The particles injected in the &#8220;dayside&#8221; will be funnelled into the polar regions of the Earth where they interact with our atmosphere, generating light as aurorae. During this time, the Van Allen belt will also become &#8220;super-charged&#8221;, creating a region around the Earth that could cause problems to unprotected astronauts and any unshielded satellites.As if the radiation from the Van Allen belt wasn&#8217;t enough, satellites could succumb to the threat of an expanding atmosphere. As you&#8217;d expect, as if the Sun hits the Earth with X-rays and CMEs, there will be inevitable heating and global expansion of the atmosphere, possibly encroaching into satellite orbital altitudes. If left unchecked, an aerobraking effect on satellites could cause them to slow and drop in altitude. Aerobraking has been used extensively as a space flight tool to slow spacecraft down when being inserted into orbit around another planet, but this will have an adverse effect on satellites orbiting Earth as any slowing of velocity could cause it to re-enter the atmosphere.</div>
<div>We Feel the Effects on the Ground Too</div>
<div>Although satellites are on the front line, if there is a powerful surge in energetic particles entering the atmosphere, we may feel the adverse effects down here on Earth too. Due to the X-ray generation of electrons in the ionosphere, some forms of communication may become patchy (or be removed all together), but this isn&#8217;t all that can happen. Particularly in high-latitude regions, a vast electric current, known as an &#8220;electrojet&#8221;, may form through the ionosphere by these incoming particles. With an electric current comes a magnetic field. Depending on the intensity of the solar storm, currents may be induced down here on the ground, possibly overloading national power grids. On March 13th 1989, six million people lost power in the Quebec region of Canada after a huge increase in solar activity caused a surge from ground-induced currents. Quebec was paralysed for nine hours whilst engineers worked on a solution to the problem.Can Our Sun Produce a Killer Flare?</div>
<div>The short answer to this is &#8220;no&#8221;.</div>
<div>The longer answer is a little more involved. Whilst a solar flare from out Sun, aimed directly at us, could cause secondary problems such as satellite damage and injury to unprotected astronauts and blackouts, the flare itself is not powerful enough to destroy Earth, certainly not in 2012. I dare say, in the far future when the Sun begins to run out of fuel and swell into a red giant, it might be a bad era for life on Earth, but we have a few billion years to wait for that to happen. There could even be the possibility of several X-class flares being launched and by pure bad luck we may get hit by a series of CMEs and X-ray bursts, but none will be powerful to overcome our magnetosphere, ionosphere and thick atmosphere below.</div>
<div>&#8220;Killer&#8221; solar flares have been observed on other stars. In 2006, NASA&#8217;s Swift observatory saw the largest stellar flare ever observed 135 light-years away. Estimated to have unleashed an energy of 50 million trillion atomic bombs, the II Pegasi flare will have wiped out most life on Earth if our Sun fired X-rays from a flare of that energy at us. However, our Sun is not II Pegasi. II Pegasi is a violent red giant star with a binary partner in a very close orbit. It is believed the gravitational interaction with its binary partner and the fact II Pegasi is a red giant is the root cause behind this energetic flare event.</div>
<div>Doomsayers point to the Sun as a possible Earth-killer source, but the fact remains that our Sun is a very stable star. It does not have a binary partner (like II Pegasi), it has a predictable cycle (of approximately 11 years) and there is no evidence that our Sun contributed to any mass extinction event in the past via a huge Earth-directed flare. Very large solar flares have been observed (such as the 1859 Carrington white light flare)… but we are still here.</div>
<div>In an added twist, solar physicists are surprised by the lack of solar activity at the start of this 24th solar cycle, leading to some scientists to speculate we might be on the verge of another Maunder minimum and &#8220;Little Ice Age&#8221;. This is in stark contrast to NASA solar physicist&#8217;s 2006 prediction that this cycle will be a &#8220;doozy&#8221;.</div>
<div>This leads me to conclude that we still have a long way to go when predicting solar flare events. Although space weather prediction is improving, it will be a few years yet until we can read the Sun accurately enough to say with any certainty just how active a solar cycle is going to be. So, regardless of prophecy, prediction or myth, there is no physical way to say that the Earth will be hit by any flare, let alone a big one in 2012. Even if a big flare did hit us, it will not be an extinction event. Yes, satellites may be damaged, causing secondary problems such as a GPS loss (which might disrupt air traffic control for example) or national power grids may be overwhelmed by auroral electrojets, but nothing more extreme than that.</div>
<div>But hold on, to sidestep this issue, doomsayers now tell us that a large solar flare will hit us just as the Earth&#8217;s geomagnetic field weakens and reverses,or Catostrophic Earthquakes will Hit globally leaving us unprotected from the ravages of a CME…</div>
<div><strong>by Rohit Sharma</strong></div>
<div>to know about Solar Storms&#8230;Read The Changing moods of Sun in Gyandotcom site</div>
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<title><![CDATA[How to change AWR retention, interval,topnsql?]]></title>
<link>http://oraclespin.wordpress.com/2009/09/27/how-to-change-awr-retention-intervaltopnsql/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2009 21:12:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Amin Jaffer</dc:creator>
<guid>http://oraclespin.wordpress.com/2009/09/27/how-to-change-awr-retention-intervaltopnsql/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Using dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings one can modify retention, interval and topns]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Using dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings one can modify retention, interval and topns]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Design Entry and Exit Strategies]]></title>
<link>http://asifjmir.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/design-entry-and-exit-strategies/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2009 02:12:29 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Asif Mir</dc:creator>
<guid>http://asifjmir.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/design-entry-and-exit-strategies/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Astra Zeneca does fundamental research to develop new drugs; Halifax Bank designs new types of accou]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Astra Zeneca does fundamental research to develop new drugs; Halifax Bank designs new types of accounts; Microsoft designs completely new software. These companies look for the high profits that come from new products, but they have to bear the cost of research and development.</p>
<p>These companies follow a product for its entire life cycle. But most organizations do not start with basic research to develop entirely new products – neither do they continue making a product through its entire life. They find existing products that fit into their range, and modify these to create their own ‘new’ product.</p>
<p>Organizations generally start supplying a product that is already some way through its life cycle. The time when they start, and later stop, making a product defines their entry and exit strategy. The best entry and exit strategy depends on your expertise and objectives. Your organization might be:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Research driven </em> these are good at research, design and development, but they lack the resources and production skills to manage a growing  demand. They work in the introduction stage, and leave before the growth stage.</li>
<li><em>New product exploiters. </em>These look for research that has commercial potential and then exploit it during the growth stage. They use strong marketing and process design to get the high prices available during growth, and then exit when profit margins begin to fall.</li>
<li><em>Cost reducers.</em> These design very efficient operations, so they enter the market at the mature stage and produce large quantities efficiently enough to compete with organizations already in the market. They exit when sales fall too low to maintain high production levels.</li>
</ul>
<p>My Consultancy–<a title="Asif J. Mir" href="http://www.asifjmir.com/" target="_blank">Asif J. Mir </a>- Management Consultant–transforms organizations where people have the freedom to be creative, a place that brings out the best in everybody–an open, fair place where people have a sense that what they do matters. For details please visit <a title="Asif J. Mir" href="http://www.asifjmir.com/" target="_blank">www.asifjmir.com</a>, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/asifjmir">Lectures</a>, <a title="Line of Sight" href="http://asifjmir.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Line of Sight</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Productivity: Structural Adjustments]]></title>
<link>http://asifjmir.wordpress.com/2009/09/16/productivity-structural-adjustments/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2009 06:30:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Asif Mir</dc:creator>
<guid>http://asifjmir.wordpress.com/2009/09/16/productivity-structural-adjustments/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Structural changes in society often influence national and enterprise productivity independently of ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Structural changes in society often influence national and enterprise productivity independently of enterprise management. However, in the long term this interaction is two-way. Just as structural changes affect productivity, productivity changes also modify structure. Such changes are not only the result, but also a cause, of economic and social development.</p>
<p>Understanding these changes helps improve government policy, makes enterprise planning more realistic and purpose-oriented and helps develop the economic and social infrastructure. The most important structural changes are economic, and social and demographic.</p>
<p>My Consultancy–<a title="Asif J. Mir" href="http://www.asifjmir.com/" target="_blank">Asif J. Mir </a>- Management Consultant–transforms organizations where people have the freedom to be creative, a place that brings out the best in everybody–an open, fair place where people have a sense that what they do matters. For details please visit <a title="Asif J. Mir" href="http://www.asifjmir.com/" target="_blank">www.asifjmir.com</a>, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/asifjmir">Lectures</a>, <a title="Line of Sight" href="http://asifjmir.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Line of Sight</a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[How to Rename Your Database - SQL Server 2005]]></title>
<link>http://techscribbles.com/2009/09/14/how-to-rename-your-database-sql-server-2005/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2009 04:47:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Kaz</dc:creator>
<guid>http://techscribbles.com/2009/09/14/how-to-rename-your-database-sql-server-2005/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[In SQL Server 2000, you can easily rename your database running sp_renamedb. The syntax from BOL as ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>In SQL Server 2000, you can easily rename your database running sp_renamedb. The syntax from BOL as follows:</p>
<blockquote><p>sp_renamedb [ @dbname = ] &#8216;old_name&#8217; , [ @newname = ] &#8216;new_name&#8217;</p></blockquote>
<p>In SQL Server 2005, however, this has changed. You will need to use ALTER DATABASE MODIFY NAME instead. </p>
<blockquote><p>ALTER DATABASE database_name<br />
MODIFY NAME = new_database_name </p></blockquote>
<p>Although the database name has changed, you probably realise that the logical and physical database filename are still the same!  What it means is if you create another database with the old name at the same server with the same filename, you will get an error.</p>
<p>My favourite way to deal with it is to detach and attach the database. </p>
<blockquote><p>&#8211; execute the sp to detach a database<br />
exec sp_detach_db &#8216;TestDB&#8217;,'true&#8217; </p>
<p>&#8211; rename the physical file to whatever you want</p>
<p>&#8211; execute attach database and specify filenames.<br />
EXEC sp_attach_db @dbname = &#8216;TestDB&#8217;,<br />
    @filename1 = &#8216;C:\SQLData\TestDB.MDF&#8217;,<br />
    @filename2 = &#8216;C:\SQLLog\TestDB_Log.LDF&#8217;</p></blockquote>
<p>I realise that some people have a better way of doing this. If so, you’re welcome to share your thought! </p>
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