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	<title>pd-envelope &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/pd-envelope/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "pd-envelope"</description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 11:42:16 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Stratification 3: The Definition]]></title>
<link>http://hilbertthm90.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/stratification-3-the-definition/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 20 Aug 2011 17:02:46 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>hilbertthm90</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hilbertthm90.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/stratification-3-the-definition/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Last time we looked at the characteristic case to figure out how our old definition of a connection]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Last time we looked at the characteristic <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B0%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{0}&amp;fg=000000' title='{0}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> case to figure out how our old definition of a connection on a sheaf could be rephrased in terms of a &#8220;parallel transport&#8221; rule. This took the form of giving an isomorphism <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%28p_1%5E%2A%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%29%26%23124%3B_%7BX%5E%7B%282%29%7D%7D%5Crightarrow+%28p_2%5E%2A%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%29%26%23124%3B_%7BX%5E%7B%282%29%7D%7D%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{(p_1^*&#92;mathcal{E})&#124;_{X^{(2)}}&#92;rightarrow (p_2^*&#92;mathcal{E})&#124;_{X^{(2)}}}&amp;fg=000000' title='{(p_1^*&#92;mathcal{E})&#124;_{X^{(2)}}&#92;rightarrow (p_2^*&#92;mathcal{E})&#124;_{X^{(2)}}}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> that restricted to the identity on the diagonal. Moreover, if the connection is integrable you can lift these isomorphisms to all infinitesimal neighborhoods of the diagonal <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7BX%5E%7B%28n%29%7D%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{X^{(n)}}&amp;fg=000000' title='{X^{(n)}}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> so that the restrictions are all the previous ones (they are compatible).</p>
<p>Two times ago we looked at the n-th infinitesimal neighborhood of the PD-envelope of the diagonal in the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%28%5Cnu%2B1%29%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{(&#92;nu+1)}&amp;fg=000000' title='{(&#92;nu+1)}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> product and called it <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7BD_%7BX%2FS%7D%5En%28%5Cnu%29%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{D_{X/S}^n(&#92;nu)}&amp;fg=000000' title='{D_{X/S}^n(&#92;nu)}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />. A theorem that we won&#8217;t prove is that a connection on <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;mathcal{E}}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;mathcal{E}}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> can be lifted compatibly to <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7BD_%7BX%2FS%7D%5En%281%29%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{D_{X/S}^n(1)}&amp;fg=000000' title='{D_{X/S}^n(1)}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> for all <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7Bn%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{n}&amp;fg=000000' title='{n}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> if and only if it is integrable. This finally brings us to our definition of stratification.</p>
<p>If <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;mathcal{E}}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;mathcal{E}}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> is an <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cmathcal%7BO%7D_X%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;mathcal{O}_X}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;mathcal{O}_X}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />-module, a <em>PD stratification on</em> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;mathcal{E}}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;mathcal{E}}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> is a collection of isomorphisms <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cepsilon_n%3A+%5Cmathcal%7BD%7D_%7BX%2FS%7D%5En%281%29%5Cotimes+%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%5Crightarrow+%5Cmathcal%7BE%7D%5Cotimes+%5Cmathcal%7BD%7D_%7BX%2FS%7D%5En%281%29%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;epsilon_n: &#92;mathcal{D}_{X/S}^n(1)&#92;otimes &#92;mathcal{E}&#92;rightarrow &#92;mathcal{E}&#92;otimes &#92;mathcal{D}_{X/S}^n(1)}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;epsilon_n: &#92;mathcal{D}_{X/S}^n(1)&#92;otimes &#92;mathcal{E}&#92;rightarrow &#92;mathcal{E}&#92;otimes &#92;mathcal{D}_{X/S}^n(1)}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> such that each <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cepsilon_n%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;epsilon_n}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;epsilon_n}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> is <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cmathcal%7BD%7D_%7BX%2FS%7D%5En%281%29%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;mathcal{D}_{X/S}^n(1)}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;mathcal{D}_{X/S}^n(1)}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />-linear, the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cepsilon_n%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;epsilon_n}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;epsilon_n}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />&#8216;s are compatible (they restrict to the previous one and the <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B%5Cepsilon_0%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{&#92;epsilon_0}&amp;fg=000000' title='{&#92;epsilon_0}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> is the identity) and they satisfy the standard cocycle condition at all levels.</p>
<p>Essentially, we took the intuition from the characteristic <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7B0%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{0}&amp;fg=000000' title='{0}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> case and just encoded it into a definition. A stratification is just a compatible choice of infinitesimal parallel transport at all levels. I don&#8217;t want to go too far down this road which will involve differential operators and things. I plan to come back to these ideas in the not-to-distant future, but for the next few weeks I want to change gears.</p>
<p>One thing that keeps coming up for me and I keep using is the deformation theory of <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7Bp%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{p}&amp;fg=000000' title='{p}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />-divisible groups. Since we already have some groundwork on <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7Bp%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{p}&amp;fg=000000' title='{p}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />-divisible groups done, I hope we can actually prove that the deformation functor over Artin <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7BW%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{W}&amp;fg=000000' title='{W}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' />-algebras is formally smooth and prorepresentable by <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7BW%5B%5Bt_1%2C+%5Cldots%2C+t_d%5D%5D%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{W[[t_1, &#92;ldots, t_d]]}&amp;fg=000000' title='{W[[t_1, &#92;ldots, t_d]]}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> where <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7Bd%7D%26%2338%3Bfg%3D000000&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000&amp;s=0' alt='{d}&amp;fg=000000' title='{d}&amp;fg=000000' class='latex' /> is the dimension of the group times the dimension of its dual.</p>
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