Jason West

First, I pass along an alum update from Jason West, who completed his PhD in our Department in 2003.  Jason says “after completing the PhD, I taught at St. Jerome’s for a year and then came to Edmonton to teach philosophy at Newman Theological College. I’ve been here for 8 years. After a year as Academic Dean I was appointed President in November of 2012. Hope all is well at Waterloo.”  Congratulations on your appointment, and thanks for keeping in touch!

Also, I happened to be corresponding with Wendy O’Brien, who is in the last stages of completing her PhD thesis with us, and she mentioned this — I thought it might be of general interest.  Wendy says, “I became involved as a founding member and co-ordinator of an organization that is putting on conferences in interdisciplinary studies at sites in Canada, Spain, France and Mexico ( and it looks like we might be going to India.) Not sure if you have students or colleagues who might be interested in the themes we are exploring. Our next conferences are in May (13th – 27th) co-hosted with Humber here in Toronto and then in Barcelona in June. They can be found at http://alternative-academia.net/ocs-2.3.5/

In more general Department news, some of our members have been having a reading group on structural realism in the philosophy of science.  The group meets every Thursday afternoon in the lounge and consists of half a dozen grad students and faculty members.  Graduate student Nathan Haydon explains:

“Structural realism claims that our best scientific theories tell us about the structure of the world. But what is meant by structure? And does the apparent retention of structure across theory change really provide a connection to what the world is like?  In our reading group, we began with John Worrall’s paper “Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds” that led to the modern resurgence of structural realism. By appealing to the continuity of structure across theory change, Worrall argues that the realist can account for the success of science while giving credit to the radical theory change that seems to occur on the level of theoretical entities.

While Worrall lays the groundwork for such a position, the job remains for the structural realist to fill in the details. We continued by looking at several articles that offer more specific accounts of what is meant by structure. These included “The Intelligibility of the Universe” by Michael Redhead and “Remodeling Structural Realism” by Steven French and James Ladyman. Both argue for structure as a type of shared mathematical relation, either shared at a more abstract level between scientific theories or shared between theory and data models, respectively.  Following concerns raised while reading some of Doreen Fraser’s current work, however, it is not clear that a shared mathematical structure can necessarily be given the same physical interpretation in different applications and thus provide a unique account of how the world is. Is this something the structural realist can agree with? If not, can the structural realist offer a response? The group is now focusing on responding to these questions.”

Finally, the PGSA conference!  The PGSA held its 20th annual Graduate Student Conference on Friday March 22 and Saturday March 23.  PGSA president Rosalind Abdool and co-organizer Nathan Haydon write “The quality of the papers submitted and accepted this year was outstanding and the presentations were philosophically engaging and thought-provoking. There were lively discussions on various philosophical topics, including the role of desires in decision-making, a new account of weakness of will and different kinds of moral responsibility, just to name a few. Attendance and participation from our graduate students, faculty, retired professors, guests, keynote speaker and others made this conference a huge success.

Avery Archer and Kian Mintz-Woo engage in some philosophical discussion at the PGSA conference.

Christa Johnson delivers her paper at the PGSA conference.

The keynote address was by Dr. Nomy Arpaly from Brown University. Her talk on “strong will” was philosophically stimulating and Dr. Arpaly had a wonderful charm and humor that captivated the audience. Dr. Arpaly discussed concerns about controlling our will and our ability to be responsible for our wills, especially in light of studies that reveal how “willpower” can be manipulated by external factors.

While an important part of a philosophy conference depends on the quality of  presentations, the PGSA also provides a rich social experience. Events during the conference included group meals for attendees on both Friday and Saturday and a conference dinner that took place at Masala Bay, an excellent local Indian restaurant. PGSA members also provided places for speakers to stay (even including a few home-cooked meals), transportation to and from the airport, and were always around to discuss philosophy over a few drinks in the evening. We heard nothing but good things from the speakers.”

In case you missed it, the full conference booklet has some great photos in which the organizers attempted to recreates photos from the past, in honor of this being the 20th year.  You can check it out here:  2013 Conference Program Booklet.  You can also see more great photos.

Rosalind would like to extend a huge thank you to both Nathan Haydon and Benjamin Nelson for their very hard work organizing this year’s conference, and thanks to everyone else involved in the conference who made it an overwhelming success!

Don’t forget, as always, you can see more news and check out upcoming events at our Department website.

Have a great week,

–Patricia Marino

I noticed a link (URL) to the Internet Polish Genealogical Source, their 1907 atlas, also known as, “Atlas Geograficzny Illustrowany Królestwa Polskiego” [ Illustrated Geographic Index of the Polish Kingdom]. Now this is a gazetteer/atlas that I have long enjoyed for its beauty as well as its usefulness for locating the parishes.

It took this jester back about 5-6 years to when I volunteered for the PGSA and helped them partially index the very same gazetteer. The PGSA has built a searchable database on their project. So having worked on that effort, I thought I would compare the two web resources. For the record, this jester worked on the STOPNICA (Stopnicki) powiat of the PGSA project. I would recommend my readers volunteer for genealogy projects as they are a great way to meet other expert genealogists and to further become acquainted with some resource that may help you in your research. So it was for me — I was able to locate all of the parishes near my ancestral villages.

As I noted above this is a 1907 map, so it reflects the Kingdom of Poland as an occupied territory of the Russian Empire. So we see the provinces (województwo) are called “gubernia”, the Russian term. My ancestors were predominantly from Kielce gubernia, Stopnica powiat. So I will use that to compare since that is my area of expertise. That would be map number 28 (from the main  index map).

iPGS

The iPGS has done a nice job on presentation and navigation. They provide 1907 names vs 2005 names of villages/towns. They have a nice index to each powiat map and show other info like today’s powiat. Their project also looked to be complete. Now I did not work on the iPGS project, so I hate to be nitpicky, but they were not complete and accurate. On map #28, STOPNICA, I noticed that Piasek Wielki was not marked as having a parish, yet the map image clearly indicates a cross on the circle that represents Piasek Wielki. When I compared it to my work on PGSA, it did in fact list a parish. So now I had to know which was correct. So I went to FamilySearch.org and used their library catalog to do a place name search for Piasek (choose the one for Kielce) .  Clicking on all links to expand upon results leads you to this page, which shows there are two microfilm for the parish spanning the years from 1875-1884  – so indeed it is/was a parish and therefore the PGSA was the correct project.

PGSA

The PGSA project of which I was a member was a substantial effort. Yet, this project was not complete. The PGSA built a small database look-up web-app. That is nice if you want to see a list towns that begin with ‘Bialy’ so you can compare if you do not quite know which ‘Bialy’ town you need. The PGSA also has a powiat map list page listing the volunteers. The navigation probably should be more like iPGS, but the iPGS should probably implement a search form like PGSA.

I cannot offer a comparison of which web site has more accurate data / complete data; The effort would simply be too great for one person. I can only recommend that you look at the map and see if you see a cross on the circle of a town, then you should see a plus in the data results. Of course, the final resolution if you see difference is to look at FamilySearch.org and see if they have microfilm or not. You could look at a Polish web site for a listing of Polish Catholic parishes — but there again parishes may have closed or towns vanished, so there is not one complete index anywhere. Even the FamilySearch.org may not have a microfilm for a perfectly valid parish. PRADZIAD, the Polish National Archive web site for parish / civil records may not have data if data was lost (like in WWII), so it may not be possible to ever really have a complete list of parishes of all time nor know which data is missing/lost. Absence of data does not mean anything (or possibly could mean any of a few things). Never forget that there may be diocesan data in the church archives. Also please note that most sources are CHURCH oriented, so if you are looking for synagogues you are limited to PRADZIAD or to the use of an excellent gazetteer like Brian Lenius’ Galicia Gazetteer.

But at least this new iPGS gazetteer is online and available for all of us to use. Keep in mind there may be limitations on the data you see, but you must not have limitations upon your reasoning ability. Do not assume because you do not see something that it does not exist. Keep looking. Also,  verify what you think you know.

Look at this trophy.

As team leader for Los Tigres Del Norte I have had the pleasure of being part of the winning PGSA quiz team thanks to the combined brilliance of my totally awesome team mates.

Victoria University of Wellington’s Post-Graduate Student Association’s quiz night only happens once a year… and for all 3 rounds our team was clearly the best.  Our winnings include $50 Milk & Honey voucher, this awesome trophy, 2 bottles of goats milk body lotion, 3 Egyptian bookmarks, 6 $40 New World vouchers, and 6 $10 Warehouse vouchers.

Though victory was never in doubt, it couldn’t have been possible with out my brilliant team mates!  Thanks Ronan, Catherine, Miriam, Rebecca, and Paul.  WE ARE THE BEST QUIZ TEAM IN THE UNIVERSE!

When I get a photo of the entire team I will post it here.

You may be asking yourself, “Why ‘Los Tigres Del Norte’?”.

Well, when Jenny and I went down to Kaikoura in March we participated in a pub quiz at the “Strawberry Tree”.  For some reason whilst thinking of a team name we thought it would be really funny to call ourselves after the famous Norteno band “Los Tigres Del Norte”, as clearly no one in New Zealand would have any idea what that meant.  So, it basically started out as an inside joke.  However, by some fluke, we won that pub quiz! That evening, our winnings included a teapot cocktail and a T-shirt (seen modelled by myself below)

The first Los Tigres Del Norte quiz team

As this was the first pub quiz event I had ever won, I decided the team name itself must be lucky.  Therefore, when we entered the PGSA quiz, and none of my team mates had any suggestions for a team name, I suggested Los Tigres Del Norte, and that is how what began as an inside joke ended up our team name though no one but myself on the team knows its origin or significance.

It turned out to be a day dominated by PG issues, with me bumping into quite a few PGs that I know, and discussing various bits and pieces with them. One of the major issues that comes up is the timing of, for example, elections for Post grads – many PGs don’t work to the same academic year as undergraduate, especially PhD students, which makes continuity on any voluntary role quite difficult when it’s vote in at specific times.

Anyway, I went to see Furness JCR that evening, and we had a quick chat about the sort of things that I’d want to achieve before I dashed off to visit PoliSoc with one of the other candidates. After that I headed off to Union Council, where the new Vice Chancellor was speaking on the Lancaster-Liverpool collaboration. He seemed quite nice, although I did only get to hear the last 20 minutes of questions to him. He told Union Council that:

• He won’t be removing student representation on other university committees and bodies (although it may reduce in relative proportion if the size of the committee reduces). He thinks students have more influence on working groups and meetings than we do at Senate. The current LUSU president offered to write up a recommendation as to what the most important issues regarding the Student experience were, which the VC accepted.
• The effect of the Wilson report on the Uni will be decided later
• When questioned on how he would keep his image positive, he said “I’m not paid to be popular”, but noted that he wanted to engage with the student body in order to make better and informed decisions.
• In terms of the £9,000 tution fees, he wants to make sure students get the best value for money. His team are reviewing the VLE (soon to be Moodle), and he notes that tutorials need to be utilised fully. There’s a long term plan to show where the money from each UG goes, although this can get quite complex in terms of what exactly this funds and why.
• He accepted that the Business Process Review needed more consultation, and that various elements of it needed to be progressed at a different rate with more opportunities for input in order for staff and students to be able to help shape it. For now the plans are limited
• As for the future of the college bars, he’s not sure. On closing college bars he said “it’s not a top priority to reduce the number of bars” and that there is no policy to reduce them, because they are “working OK”.

(Please note that this was literally the last 20 minutes, and I have yet to read the minutes for the earlier part of the meeting, so some of the issues may have further context)

Overall I think the new VC seems like he sees the value of communication with various stakeholders within the University, including LUSU and the student body as a whole. The role of a Vice Chancellor really isn’t just to be popular, it’s to steer the University through what looks to be some pretty challenging times ahead, and he was quite open about the fact he was going to have to make some difficult decisions but that he was willing to engage with students on this.

After I’d been to Union Council, we met in Grizedale bar to go on block runs round Grad and Grizedale – it was Carnage night, however, and so we decided to go to Grad college after about an hour of Grizedaleans telling us they were far too busy drinking to listen to us! It worked out quite well, because we got to speak to lots of people in Grad college and get a different perspective on various issues.

After we’d finished block runs, Maeve and I went to Grad bar because they had a live music night on and also I really really really wanted a glass or two of mead (it’s my new favourite drink, I can’t believe I’ve only just discovered it!). It was a lovely evening, and a wonderful example of what’s so good about Lancaster. The only thing that could have improved it was the weather, because as usual it was drizzling slightly – if only my remit could be extended to weather changing!

Anyway, I’m running a drop in session on Monday – I’ll be in Fylde bar from 11-1, chatting to various different people about what they’d like their VP Events and Democracy to do, so if you fancy discussing any of the issues raised here, please swing by!

There are three men in my family tree who volunteered and fought in Haller’s Army:

• Boleslaw Wlecialowski
• Wlodzimierz Kendzierski
• Pawel Elijasz

I do not know how many people have such in their Polish genealogy, but this strikes me as a large number for one family. What is interesting is that the story for each is so different.

Wlecialowski

Last article, I mentioned that you use the PGSA.org database to look-up your ancestors and see if they volunteered. The results should look something like:

So armed with the Name and Location you should be able to tell if it is your ancestor or not without having to order the form(s). However, it is inexpensive enough that you can order multiple people when in doubt. Better yet, go to the Polish Museum of America in Chicago and then you can review the form in person before ordering.

Boleslaw Wlecialowski registered in Hamtramck, MI. on his Form C,  he mentions that his nearest relatives in Poland are Maciej and Katarzyna Wlecialowscy in the Gubernia of Kiecle, Gmina & Miasto of Pacanow. That is invaluable! Of the three forms, Form C is the most valuable because it asks for nearest relatives in both the US and in Poland. Form A has the basic info (name, address, etc.) and Form B (the medical form) is perhaps the least valuable form of the three. Form L is just the collection of all three forms.

Boleslaw Wlecialowski Haller's Army Form: A

Boleslaw Wlecialowski Haller's Army Form: C

 When Boleslaw returned his ship manifest on the SS Princess Matoika said he was returning to his sister Rozalia Gawlikowski in Detroit, MI.

The above ship manifest is an image of the manifest header with lines 17-19 spliced in to show Boleslaw’s record on his return from Haller’s Army. He returned 21-July-1920 and his passage was paid for the by the US Government (on page 2 not shown).

Kendzierski

Now Wlodzimierz Kendzierski (aka Kędzierski) is interesting on two accounts. First he registered twice. Once in Detroit and once in Pittsburgh! Now that was helpful because he listed different contacts in the US in the two documents. It was also interesting because I could not find his returning ship manifest (although I did find his brother Ludwik return — but who had not registered?). Genealogical mysteries! Now we know he served because we have a picture of Wlodzimierz in his Haller’s Army uniform.

Wlodzimierz Kedzierski

So he definitely served. I suspect the Ludwik Kedzierski returning (August 1922) to his cousin in Pittsburgh was really Wlodz. But this is interesting. Perhaps the two registrations are because one registration office said ‘no’ to his volunteering and the second office said ‘yes’.

Once again, it was invaluable that we ordered both sets of forms and both forms indicated he was the same person (naming a sister, brother, brother-in-law, and a wife with known addresses). Although Wlodzimierz is an uncommon first name and the complete combination is rare indeed. What it did do was show a family connection to the Pittsburgh Kedzierski which we did not previously know.

Elijasz

Now the third family member was interesting in yet another way. Both Boleslaw (who became Bill) and Wlodzimierz (who became Walter) returned to US and lived full lives as Americans. However, Pawel Elijasz was an enigma. I could never decide how he was related because I only had a ship manifest and a 1910 US Census from Depew, NY. So until I found his registering for Haller’s Army and finding out that he lived with a cousin of my grandfather’s who was Pawel’s brother I did not know how Pawel fit in. Then I found his birth record from Pacanow and his marriage record from Pacanow and the birth record of Pawel’s daughter and his being a God Father to a nephew all in Pacanow. So those church records which connected him with the Pawel in Haller’s Army and which connected him to the Eliasz/Elijasz in America answered many questions for me. Including what happened to Pawel after 1910. I now knew he registered in 1917 in Toledo, OH for Haller’s Army and that he lived with his brother Wincenty Elijasz at 1054 Campbell Street, Toledo, OH (down the road from my grandparents and next door to a married sister Wiktoria, Elijasz Mylek). So now I had a bit more timeline for Pawel. I just assumed he went back to Poland to live with his wife and daughter (and hence why no 1920 or 1930 US Census records). Imagine my shock when I found this last piece of data at a Polish Genealogical Society website. The link just preceding is to a database: “List of Casualties of the Polish Army, killed in action or died from wounds from the years 1918-1920″ . I found out that Pawel had died, while serving in Haller’s Army ( 2/13/1920 in Łuck, Poland )  [see next image of a book page].

So now I knew the rest of Pawel’s story. But it was his Haller’s Army registration that answered so many questions and connected up church records in Poland with US Vital records.

As an aside, finding out that Pawel was a brother of Wincenty and Wiktoria Elijasz and not a brother of my grandfather was still a great find.  For Pawel’s sister Wiktoria is the only ELIASZ in the whole family tree with the following distinction.

Wiktoria has Vital records in US/Poland with her last name spelled as: ELIASZ, ELIJASZ and HELIASZ.

So now you know why the family tree acknowledges all three names as one family name.

I have had ELIASZ and HELIASZ combos (modern and historical). I have had ELIASZ and ELIJASZ combos in my own family. But Wiktoria is unqiue in that she was the only ELIASZ who has used all three versions of the family name at one time or another in her life.

Wiktoria is also God Mother to two of my uncles. Wiktoria is also related to the lovely Elzbieta Heliasz Kapusta who sent to me, my grandparent’s marriage records (both civil and church) from Poland where Elzbieta lives and who does not speak a single  word of English. So it is a small world indeed.

I do not have a Polish Consulate newspaper article saying any of my three ancestors earned land from Poland for their service. I also do not have any info from PAVA, but the next time I travel to NYC, I will look them up and see if Boleslaw or Wlodzimierz were ever PAVA members. I will try and find an example of the Polish Consulate messages to an American-Pole in a Polish Language US newspaper where they were seeking an Haller’s Army veteran now living in the USA and post it here for you my good readers to see. I hope this series of postings has motivated you the Polish Genealogist to seek out this unique Polish genealogical resource and then track down the other connecting pieces to this puzzle.

Let Stanczyk know!

Background

The era was World War I  (1914-1918) and the world was mad with war and carnage and pestilence. There were 16.5 million deaths and 21 million wounded making it the 6th deadliest conflict (or possibly 2nd/3rd worse if you include the Flu Pandemic deaths). [See: this cheery web page on the estimate of Wars, Pandemics, Disasters,  and Genocides that caused the greatest number of deaths.] Out of this madness, was an army of diaspora Poles formed, of which over 25,000¹

came from the US via a US sanctioned formation of a foreign force, which had to be constituted in Canada due to USA fears and its isolationist policies that limited President Wilson.

These brave 25,000 men were added to another contingent of 35,000 Polish men formed largely from prisoners of war from the German and Austria-Hungarian armies inside France,  who were now willing to fight against Central Powers as a part of the Allied/Central Powers.  They fought bravely in World War I,  before the USA entered the war and for nearly four more years (1918-1922) after World War I officially ended in the Polish-Bolshevik War (aka Polish-Soviet War).

Poster -- from wiki

More Background can be found here (Haller’s Army website) or at the wiki page (Blue Army).

Registration Centers

The recruitment centers were in the Polish Falcons centers. The Polish Falcons were called the Związek Sokołów Polskich w Ameryce (ZSP)  and this is what you will find on Haller’s Army enlistment forms. The Polish Falcons still exist and are headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA. There are reportedly 115 Polish Falcon Nests across 15 states. Each Nest has its own history that it maintains.

PGSA Database

The Polish Genealogical Society of America (PGSA.org) maintains a database of the Haller’s Army registrations that can be searched for your ancestor(s). It is free to search and there is a modest charge to get a copy of the actual documents. The search page is here: (http://www.pgsa.org/haller.php) . These documents are archived by the Polish Museum of America in Chicago. This data is also on LDS Microfilm by region see this page for details .

There are three types of forms. These forms are in Polish. You need not worry about that as the PGSA offers example forms in English (FormA | FormC) in PDF format.  On the forms you find the following info:

• Form A is an intention to volunteer and contains the name, address, age, and marital status.
• Form B is a medical examination report for the volunteer.
• Form C is the final commitment paper. It includes date and place of birth and usually the name and address of a parent or other close relative.  The Form’s family notes include close family in USA and in Poland.

Returning Soldiers

The Allies issued medals to their victorious soldiers so you may have in your family heirlooms one of these. This website has an index of the various medals (with images). Many of the websites whose links are in this article also have pictures of men in uniforms — which included their distinctive hats.

We tend to think the soldiers were all Polish men and that these men were Catholics, but our Polish-Jewish brethren also served in Haller’s Army. This page from Polish Roots is about the Jewish soldiers who served and provides a table of many of the men known to be Jewish.

The ship manifests in Ellis Island record the return Haller’s Army soldiers, who returned en masse. You can see the soldiers who are listed on pages together with a note on the bottom, “Reservists”. That notation should eliminate any confusion with other possible passengers/crew members. The soldiers returning from the European theater are known to have arrived via Ellis Island on the following ships:

• SS Antigone (from Danzig – April 18, 1920)
• SS Latvia (August 17, 1922)
• SS Pocahontas (from Danzig – June 16, 1920)
• SS Princess Matoika (from Danzig – May 23, 1920)
• SAT (US Army Transport) Mercury, from Danzig on June 16, 1920, and arrived at New York June 28 1920

 Links to the Ship Manifests

http://bit.ly/rlVaaQ  SS Princess Matoika from Danzig in 1920 [more dates than shown above] 4253 Returning Troops

http://bit.ly/p3ViM2 SS Pocahontas from Danzig  in 1920 [please note the ship name is P-O-C-A-H-O-N-T-A-S. It was misspelled on the PGSA.org website].   4199 Returning Troops

http://bit.ly/nwYwsx SAT Mercury from Danzig June 1920.  2074 Returning Troops

http://bit.ly/n6YRot SS Antigone from Danzig April 1920. 1628 Returning Troops

http://bit.ly/pGwQa5 SS Latvia from Danzig  August 1922. 1517 Returning Troops

Returning passage – Payment of passage was split between the Polish and United States Governments. [see column 16] on ship manifest. It appears some soldiers returned with wives and children too [so those numbers above are not all soldiers].

One more connection. Like the VFW for veterans, there is an Polish-American organization in NYC called POLISH ARMY VETERANS ASSOCIATION²

They (PAVA) have genealogical data from their membership forms. According to Dr Valasek, the membership application for the association has the usual, date, place of birth, current address, and occupation; It also had something most descendants of Hallerczycy desperately want to know:  the unit in which the man fought, and his rank upon leaving the army. There is also the identification of which post the soldier joined.  Each post has its own history, as well as photos, banquet books, anniversary booklets, etc. All valuable adjuncts to your research once you identify the correct post, (or, as it’s known in Polish, placówka). There is also a question on the form, Do jakich organizacji należy? , to what organizations does he belong. More avenues for research.

Fallen Soldiers

In any war, there are casualties. Haller’s Army is no different. Stanczyk likes this Polish Genealogical Society (http://genealodzy.pl/name-Straty.phtml) named aptly, The Polish Genealogical Society. They have many databases, but they have search front-ends for two related to Haller’s Army. The one from the link above is for:  List of Casualties of the Polish Army, killed in action or died from wounds from the years 1918-1920.

With this link I was finally able to determine that one of my ancestors who was in America up through the 1910 census, but was missing from the 1920/1930 censuses, whom I had previously thought had returned to Poland — had really died while serving in Haller’s Army. I found his Haller’s Army Forms at PGSA and then from this Polish website I found a scanned image of a Polish book listing his name, date/place of death.

Soldier Benefits

Some soldiers who came to America who served in Haller’s Army, earned benefits from the new Polish nation. I have seend land grants awarded (not to my ancestors). They often had to be contacted through the Polish Consulates in America. This leads to my final recommendation — using Historical Polish Language Newspapers from that era to find out about your soldier. The newspaper may write about the returning units in a story and possibly a picture. I have also seen that the Polish Consulate took out listings in the newspaper and referred to Haller’s Army veterans they were seeking to inform them of their veteran benefits. See my Dziennik Polski (Detroit) page at the top menu-tabs for an example what these Polish Consulate ads might look like.

Let me finish today’s article by mentioning Dr. Paul S. Valasek’s book on the subject matter: Haller’s Polish Army in France http://www.amazon.com/Hallers-Polish-Army-France-Valasek/dp/0977975703 and also another book entitled: Remembrance http://www.hallersarmy.com/store/Remembrance.php. written by Charles Casimer Krawczyk.

Tomorrow … Haller’s Army in My Family Tree

–Stanczyk

Notes

^{1=Polish Falcons History page . Paul Valasek says the number is above 24,000. The wikipedia says the number is 23,000.}

2=PAVA,   119 East 15th Street,  New York,  NY 10003   -   e-mail <info@pava-swap.org>, telephone 212-358-0306