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<channel>
	<title>ph &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/ph/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "ph"</description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 16:33:10 +0000</pubDate>

	<generator>http://en.wordpress.com/tags/</generator>
	<language>en</language>

<item>
<title><![CDATA[HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS-IN WATER]]></title>
<link>http://ecopackindia.wordpress.com/2009/12/01/health-effects-of-chemical-parameters/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 10:47:49 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ecopackindia</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ecopackindia.wordpress.com/2009/12/01/health-effects-of-chemical-parameters/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Parameter BIS Guidelinevalue (maximum allowable) &nbsp; General &amp; Health effect Total dissolved ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><table border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" width="640">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Parameter</span></strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">BIS   Guidelinevalue (maximum allowable</span>)</strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top">
<p>&#160;</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">General   &#38; Health effect</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Total dissolved   solids</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>2000 mg/L</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Undesirable   taste; gastro intestinal irritations; corrosion or incrustation</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>PH</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>6.5-8.5</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Affects mucous   membrane; bitter taste; corrosion; affects aquatic life</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong> Alkalinity</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>600 mg/L</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Boiled rice   turns yellowish</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Hardness</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>600 mg/L</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Poor lathering   with soap; deterioration of the quality of clothes; scale forming; skin   irritation; boiled meat and food become poor in quality</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Calcium</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>200</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Poor lathering   and deterioration of the quality of clothes; incrustation in pipes; scale   formation</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Magnesium</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>100</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Poor lathering   and deterioration of clothes; with sulfate laxative</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Iron</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>1.0</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Poor or   sometimes bitter taste, color and turbidity; staining of clothes materials;   iron bacteria causing slime</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Manganese</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.3</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Poor taste,   color and turbidity; staining; black slime</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Aluminum</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.2</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Neurological   disorders; Alzheimer&#8217;s disease</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Copper</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>1.5</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Liver damage;   mucosal irritation, renal damage and depression; restricts growth of aquatic   plants</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Zinc</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>15</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Astringent   taste; opalescence in water; gastro intestinal irritation; vomiting,   dehydration, abdominal pain, nausea and dizziness</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Ammonia</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong>-</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Indicates   pollution; growth of algae</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Nitrite</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong>-</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Forms   nitrosoamines which are carcinogenic</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Nitrate</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>100</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Blue baby   disease (methemoglobineamia); algal growth</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Sulfate</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>400</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Taste affected;   laxative effect; gastro intestinal irritation</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Chloride</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>1000</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Taste affected;   corrosive</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Fluoride</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>1.5</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Dental and   skeletal fluorosis; non-skeletal manifestations</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Phosphate</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong>-</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Algal growth</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Arsenic</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.05</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Toxic;   bio-accumulation; central nervous system affected; carcinogenic</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Mercury</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.001</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Highly toxic;   causes &#8216;minamata&#8217; disease-neurological impairment and renal disturbances;   mutagenic</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Cadmium</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.01</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Highly toxic;   causes &#8216;itai-itai&#8217; disease-painful rheumatic condition; cardio vascular   system affected; gastro intestinal upsets and hyper tension</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Lead</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.05</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Causes   plumbism-tiredness, lassitudes, abdominal discomfort, irritability, anaemia;   bio-accumulation; impaired neurological and motor development, and damage to   kidneys</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Chromium</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.05</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Carcinogenic;   ulcerations, respiratory problems and skin complaints</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Pesticide</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>0.001</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong>Affects central   nervous system</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Detergent</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="27%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>-</strong><strong> </strong></td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><strong> </strong><strong>Undesirable foaming</strong><strong> </strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[Larutan Penyangga (Buffer)]]></title>
<link>http://andykimia03.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/larutan-penyangga-buffer/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 04:12:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Andy Adom</dc:creator>
<guid>http://andykimia03.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/larutan-penyangga-buffer/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Dalam tulisan ini, kita akan membahas tentang pengertian larutan penyangga (buffer), fungsi larutan ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Dalam tulisan ini, kita akan membahas tentang pengertian larutan penyangga (buffer), fungsi larutan penyangga (buffer), mekanisme larutan penyangga (buffer) dalam mempertahankan pH larutan, cara pembuatan larutan penyangga (buffer), serta perhitungan pH larutan penyangga (buffer).</p>
<p>Larutan penyangga (buffer) adalah larutan yang dapat menjaga (mempertahankan) pH-nya dari penambahan asam, basa, maupun pengenceran oleh air.  pH larutan buffer tidak berubah (konstan) setelah penambahan sejumlah asam, basa, maupun air.  Larutan buffer mampu menetralkan penambahan asam maupun basa dari luar.</p>
<p>Larutan buffer merupakan campuran dari asam lemah dan basa konyugasinya maupun basa lemah dan asam konyugasinya. Sebagai contoh, campuran dari larutan CH3COOH (asam lemah) dan larutan CH3COONa (basa konyugasi) membentuk larutan buffer asam. Sedangkan salah satu contoh buffer basa yang sering digunakan di laboratorium adalah campuran dari larutan NH3 (basa lemah) dan NH4Cl (asam konyugasi).</p>
<p>Mekanisme kerja larutan buffer adalah menetralkan asam maupun basa dari luar. Masing-masing komponen dalam larutan buffer mampu menetralkan asam maupun basa dari luar. Dalam larutan buffer asam (sebagai contoh : CH3COOH/CH3COONa), terjadi kesetimbangan sebagai berikut :</p>
<p>CH3COOH(aq)  +  H2O(l) &#60;&#8212;&#8212;&#62; CH3COO<sup>-</sup>(aq)  +  H3O<sup>+</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Komponen asam lemah dan basa konyugasi dalam larutan buffer asam membentuk sistem kesetimbangan asam lemah. Saat sejumlah larutan asam ditambahkan dari luar, komponen CH3COO<sup>- </sup>bekerja untuk menetralkan ion H<sup>+</sup> larutan asam. Akibatnya, kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah kiri. Jumlah ion CH3COO<sup>-</sup> akan berkurang dan sebaliknya, jumlah molekul CH3COOH akan meningkat.</p>
<p>CH3COO<sup>-</sup>(aq)  +  H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  →  CH3COOH(aq)</p>
<p>Di sisi lain, saat sejumlah larutan basa ditambahkan dari luar, komponen CH3COOH bekerja untuk menetralkan ion OH<sup>-</sup> larutan basa. Akibatnya, kesetimbangan asam lemah bergeser ke arah kanan. Jumlah molekul CH3COOH akan berkurang dan sebaliknya jumlah ion CH3COO<sup>-</sup> akan meningkat.</p>
<p>CH3COOH(aq)  +  OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  →  CH3COO<sup>-</sup>(aq)  +  H2O(l)</p>
<p>Dalam larutan buffer basa (sebagai contoh : NH3/NH4Cl), terjadi kesetimbangan sebagai berikut :</p>
<p>NH3(aq)  +  H2O(l) &#60;&#8212;&#8212;&#62;  NH4<sup>+</sup>(aq)  +  OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Komponen basa lemah dan asam konyugasi dalam larutan buffer basa membentuk sistem kesetimbangan basa lemah. Saat sejumlah larutan asam ditambahkan dari luar, komponen NH3 bekerja untuk menetralkan ion H<sup>+</sup>larutan asam. Akibatnya, kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah kanan. Jumlah molekul NH3 akan berkurang dan sebaliknya jumlah ion NH4<sup>+</sup> akan meningkat.</p>
<p>NH3(aq)  +  H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  →  NH4<sup>+</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Di sisi lain, saat sejumlah larutan basa ditambahkan dari luar, komponen NH4<sup>+</sup> bekerja untuk menetralkan ion OH<sup>-</sup> larutan basa. Akibatnya, kesetimbangan basa lemah bergeser ke arah kiri. Jumlah ion NH4<sup>+</sup> akan berkurang dan sebaliknya jumlah molekul NH3 akan bertambah.</p>
<p>NH4<sup>+</sup>(aq)  +  OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  →  NH3(aq)  +  H2O(l)</p>
<p>Larutan buffer  dapat dibuat dengan berbagai cara. Larutan buffer asam dapat dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan sejumlah larutan asam lemah dengan larutan basa konyugasinya secara langsung. Selain itu, larutan buffer asam juga dapat dibuat dengan mencampurkan sejumlah larutan basa kuat dengan larutan asam lemah berlebih. Setelah reaksi selesai, campuran dari larutan basa konyugasi yang terbentuk dan sisa larutan asam lemah membentuk larutan buffer asam.</p>
<p>Dengan cara yang serupa, larutan buffer basa juga dapat dibuat melalui dua cara. Pertama, mencampurkan sejumlah larutan basa lemah dengan larutan asam konyugasinya secara langsung. Atau melalui cara kedua, mencampurkan sejumlah larutan asam kuat dengan larutan basa lemah berlebih. Setelah reaksi selesai, campuran dari larutan asam konyugasi yang terbentuk dan sisa larutan basa lemah membentuk larutan buffer basa.</p>
<p>Larutan buffer berkaitan dengan sistem kesetimbangan asam-basa lemah. Dengan demikian, persamaan matematis untuk menentukan pH larutan penyangga dapat diturunkan melalui persamaan reaksi kesetimbangan asam-basa lemah.  	Persamaan untuk menghitung pH larutan buffer asam dapat dipelajari melalui contoh berikut :</p>
<p>CH3COOH(aq)  +  H2O(l) &#60;&#8212;&#8212;&#62;  CH3COO<sup>-</sup>(aq)  +  H3O<sup>+</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Ka  =  {[H3O<sup>+</sup>][CH3COO<sup>-</sup>]} / [CH3COOH]</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>] = Ka {[CH3COOH]} / [CH3COO<sup>-</sup>]}</p>
<p>Secara umum :</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>] = Ka {[Asam Lemah] / [Basa Konyugasi]}</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>] = Ka  {mol Asam Lemah / mol Basa Konyugasi}</p>
<p>Sebaliknya, persamaan untuk menghitung pH larutan buffer basa dapat dipelajari melalui contoh di bawah ini :</p>
<p>NH3(aq)  +  H2O(l) &#60;&#8212;&#8212;&#62;  NH4+(aq)  +  OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Kb  =  {[OH<sup>-</sup>][NH4<sup>+</sup>]} / [NH3]</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] = Kb  {[NH3] / [NH4<sup>+</sup>]}</p>
<p>Secara umum :</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] = Kb {[Basa Lemah] / [Asam Konyugasi]}</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] = Kb {mol Basa Lemah / mol Asam Konyugasi}</p>
<p>Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh beserta penyelesaian soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan larutan penyangga yang baru saja kita pelajarai bersama :</p>
<p>1.	Berapakah pH larutan penyangga yang terbuat dari campuran larutan CH3COOH 0,2 M sebanyak 100 mL dengan larutan CH3COONa 0,2 M sebanyak 100 mL? (Ka CH3COOH = 1 . 10<sup>-5</sup>)</p>
<p>Penyelesaian :</p>
<p>Saat 100 mL larutan CH3COOH 0,2 M dicampurkan dengan 100 mL larutan CH3COONa 0,2 M, terjadi peristiwa pengenceran larutan.</p>
<p>Konsentrasi larutan CH3COOH setelah diencerkan :</p>
<p>V1 M1  =  V2 M2</p>
<p>100 . 0,2  = 200 . M2</p>
<p>M2  = 0,1 M</p>
<p>Konsentrasi larutan CH3COONa setelah diencerkan :</p>
<p>V1 M1  =  V2 M2</p>
<p>100 . 0,2  = 200 . M2</p>
<p>M2  = 0,1 M</p>
<p>Dengan  demikian, pH larutan buffer tersebut menjadi :</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>] = Ka {[Asam Lemah] / [Basa Konyugasi]}</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>]  =  1 . 10<sup>-5 </sup> {0,1 /0,1}</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>]  =  1  . 10<sup>-5 </sup></p>
<p>pH  =  5 – log 1</p>
<p>2.	Larutan buffer yang tersusun atas larutan NH4OH 0,05 M dengan larutan NH4Cl 0,1 M memiliki pH sebesar 9. Berapakah perbandingan volume larutan basa lemah terhadap larutan asam konyugasinya? (Kb NH4OH = 10<sup>-5 </sup>)</p>
<p>Penyelesaian :</p>
<p>Persamaan untuk menghitung pH larutan buffer basa adalah sebagai berikut :</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] =  Kb  {[NH4OH] / [NH4<sup>+</sup>]}</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>]  =  Kb  {mol NH4OH / mol NH4<sup>+</sup>}</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>]  =  Kb  {Vbasa . Mbasa / Vasam konyugasi . Masam konyugasi}</p>
<p>pH = 9, berarti pOH = 14 –  pH = 14 – 9 = 5</p>
<p>Sehingga : [OH-] = 10<sup>-5</sup> M</p>
<p>Dengan demikian : 10<sup>-5</sup> =  10<sup>-5 </sup>{Vbasa . 0,05 / Vasam konyugasi . 0,1}</p>
<p>Vbasa / Vasam konyugasi  =  0,1 / 0,05  =  2/1</p>
<p>Jadi, perbandingan volume larutan basa lemah terhadap larutan asam konyugasinya adalah 2 : 1</p>
<p>3.	Berapakah pH campuran yang terbentuk saat larutan amonia 0,1 M sebanyak 300 mL dicampurkan dengan 100 mL larutan asam klorida 0,1 M? (Kb  amonia = 10<sup>-5</sup> dan log 2 = 0,3)</p>
<p>Penyelesaian :</p>
<p>Reaksi yang terjadi adalah reaksi netralisasi (asam + basa → garam + air)</p>
<p>NH3  +  HCl  →  NH4Cl</p>
<p>Mol NH3 yang disediakan = V.M = 300.0,1 = 30 mmol</p>
<p>Mol HCl yang disediakan = V.M = 100.0,1 = 10 mmol</p>
<p>Perbandingan stoikiometri NH3 : HCl = 1 : 1</p>
<p>Dengan demikian, sebanyak 10 mmol NH3 tepat bereaksi dengan 10 mmol HCl dan menghasilkan 10 mmol NH4Cl.Pada akhir reaksi, masih tersisa 20 mmol NH3 dan 10 mmol NH4Cl. Campuran tersebut membentuk sistem buffer basa.</p>
<p>Jadi, perhitungan pH larutan buffer basa di atas dapat menggunakan persamaan berikut :</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] = Kb {mol basa lemah / mol asam konyugasi}</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] = 10<sup>-5</sup> {20/10}</p>
<p>[OH<sup>-</sup>] = 2 . 10<sup>-5 </sup>M</p>
<p>pOH = &#8211; log [OH<sup>-</sup>] = 5 – log 2</p>
<p>pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – (5 – log 2) = 9 + log 2 = 9 + 0,3 = 9,3</p>
<p>4.	Berapakah volume larutan NaOH 0,1 M yang diperlukan ditambahkan ke dalam 40 mL larutan asam asetat 0,1 M (Ka = 1.10<sup>-5</sup>) agar diperoleh larutan penyangga dengan pH = 5?</p>
<p>Penyelesaian :</p>
<p>Reaksi kimia yang terjadi adalah sebagai berikut :</p>
<p>CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O</p>
<p>Mol CH3COOH yang disediakan = V.M = 40.0,1 = 4 mmol</p>
<p>Mol NaOH yang disediakan = x mmol</p>
<p>Perbandingan stoikiometri CH3COOH : NaOH = 1 : 1</p>
<p>Agar membentuk larutan penyangga, seluruh mol NaOH harus tepat habis bereaksi. Dengan demikian, sebanyak x mmol NaOH memerlukan x mmol CH3COOH. Pada akhir reaksi, masih tersisa (4 – x) mmol CH3COOH dan terbentuk x mmol CH3COONa.</p>
<p>Persamaan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :</p>
<p>[H3O<sup>+</sup>] = Ka {mol asam lemah / mol basa konyugasi}</p>
<p>pH = 5, berarti [H3O<sup>+</sup>] = 10<sup>-5 </sup> M</p>
<p>10<sup>-5 </sup> =  10<sup>-5 </sup> {4 &#8211; x / x}</p>
<p>4 – x =  x</p>
<p>x =  2 mmol</p>
<p>Mol NaOH yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 2 mmol.</p>
<p>Dengan demikian, volume larutan NaOH 0,1 M yang dibutuhkan adalah sebanyak 2/0,1 = 20 mL</p>
<p><strong>Referensi: </strong></p>
<p><strong>Andy. 2009. Pre-College Chemistry. </strong></p>
<p><strong>Chang, Raymond. 2007. Chemistry Ninth Edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill. </strong></p>
<p><strong>Moore, John T. 2003. <a href="http://www.dummies.com">Kimia For Dummies</a>. Indonesia: Pakar Raya.</strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[ProH! Welfare Full Beta]]></title>
<link>http://jarduac.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/proh-welfare-full-beta/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 19:25:51 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Baby</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jarduac.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/proh-welfare-full-beta/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&nbsp; Ontem finalizei a versão Full Beta (FB) do Ph! Welfare. Faltando a adaptação do Pacote de Idi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>&#160;</p>
<p>Ontem finalizei a versão Full Beta (FB) do Ph! Welfare. Faltando a adaptação do Pacote de Idioma do Ph! Scare p/ o Welfare e terminar alguns detalhes. Se continuar assim lançarei o Ph! Welfare e o Ph! Scare 2.6 juntos.
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[10 modi per rinforzare il tuo sistema immunitario!]]></title>
<link>http://crescereleggendo.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/10-modi-per-rinforzare-il-tuo-sistema-immunitario/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 07:30:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>crescereleggendo</dc:creator>
<guid>http://crescereleggendo.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/10-modi-per-rinforzare-il-tuo-sistema-immunitario/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Ti piacerebbe trovare un modo, quest’inverno, per rinforzare il tuo sistema immunitario in modo semp]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Ti piacerebbe trovare un modo, quest’inverno, per rinforzare il tuo sistema immunitario in modo semp]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[sábado, 28 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/sabado-28-de-nov/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 02:23:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/sabado-28-de-nov/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[10:00 &#8211; 1:00 p.m. Hoy estuvo en el laboratorio Juan Miguel Fresneda, estudiante de ingeniería ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc05832.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-194" title="juan fresneda, simplest possible pH meter" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc05832.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>10:00 &#8211; 1:00 p.m.</p>
<p>Hoy estuvo en el laboratorio Juan Miguel Fresneda, estudiante de ingeniería mecatrónica. Estuvimos ensayando la manera de recrear &#8220;the simplest possible pH meter&#8221; empleando el integrado TL082 y la <a href="http://secure.sciencecompany.com/Replacement-pH-Electrode-HI1270-HI-1270-P16316.aspx">sonda de pH del medidor comercial Hanna Checker</a>.</p>
<p>Pero no nos funcionó.</p>
<p>Según el <a href="http://www.66pacific.com/ph/simplest_ph.aspx">texto</a>, la medida obtenida de la sonda a través del multímetro debe oscilar en valores de milivoltios. Por ejemplo, para un pH de 2.5, como el del limón, el multímetro debe arrojar un valor cercano a 250 mV, mientras que para un pH neutro (7), la medida debe estar cercana a los 0 mV. Pero nuestros valores son mucho mayores, del orden de 7.4 voltios. Esto hace que la escala del multímetro no tenga la precisión suficiente para registrar cambios de pocos milivoltios, no marcando diferencias evidentes entre, por ejemplo, agua y limón.</p>
<p>La pista más probable que  tenemos es que la sonda de pH que estamos empleando puede diferir considerablemente de la sonda explicada en el ejemplo.</p>
<p>En el texto no se indica la conexión del electrodo de referencia, está éste incluido en la sonda?</p>
<p>Otra posible alternativa es que el integrado que estamos usando TL082CN difiera del indicado en el texto (TL082).</p>
<p>Vamos a escribir al autor del texto para ver si logramos despejar esta duda.</p>
<p>alejandro</p>
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<title><![CDATA[ASIC1a and the fear of drowning]]></title>
<link>http://genes2brains2mind2me.com/2009/11/27/asic1a-and-the-fear-of-drowning/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 02:40:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>dendrite</dc:creator>
<guid>http://genes2brains2mind2me.com/2009/11/27/asic1a-and-the-fear-of-drowning/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Image by Sbrimbillina via Flickr Here&#8217;s a gene whose relationship to mental function is very s]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="zemanta-img" style="display:block;margin:1em;">
<div>
<dl class="wp-caption alignright">
<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/63927753@N00/2121398830"><img title="Drowning" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2160/2121398830_0c691dcff7_m.jpg" alt="Drowning" width="162" height="240" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd zemanta-img-attribution">Image by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/63927753@N00/2121398830">Sbrimbillina</a> via Flickr</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<p>Here&#8217;s a gene whose relationship to mental function is very straightforward.  If you hold your breath, your blood <a class="zem_slink" title="PH" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH">pH</a> falls (more <a class="zem_slink" title="Carbon dioxide" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide">CO2</a> leads to more free H+ <a class="zem_slink" title="Proton" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton">protons</a> dissolved in your <a class="zem_slink" title="Blood" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood">blood stream</a>).  You also may become anxious, <span style="color:#0000ff;">or worse if you are forced to hold your breath</span>.  How does this process work?</p>
<p>Ziemann <em>et al</em>., in their new paper, &#8220;<strong>The Amygdala Is a Chemosensor that Detects Carbon Dioxide and Acidosis to Elicit Fear Behavior</strong>&#8221; [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.029" target="_blank">doi 10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.029</a>] show that the acid sensing <a class="zem_slink" title="Ion channel" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel">ion channel</a>-1a (<a href="http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ACCN2" target="_blank">ASIC1a</a>) gene is a proton-sensing Na+ and Ca++ channel &#8211; designed to activate dendritic spines when sensing H+ and drive neuronal activity.  Mice that lack this gene are not sensitive to higher CO2 levels, but when the protein is replaced in the <a class="zem_slink" title="Amygdala" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala">amygdala</a>, the mice show fearful behavior in response to higher CO2 levels.  <em>Mother nature has provided a very straightforward way &#8211; ASIC1a activation of our fear center &#8211; of letting us know that no oxygen is a BAD thing!</em></p>
<div class="zemanta-pixie" style="margin-top:10px;height:15px;"><a class="zemanta-pixie-a" title="Reblog this post [with Zemanta]" href="http://reblog.zemanta.com/zemified/674dcca2-73df-4320-aa8a-bc4a0df59f96/"><img class="zemanta-pixie-img" style="border:medium none;float:right;" src="http://img.zemanta.com/reblog_e.png?x-id=674dcca2-73df-4320-aa8a-bc4a0df59f96" alt="Reblog this post [with Zemanta]" /></a></div>
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<title><![CDATA[jueves, 26 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/jueves-26-de-nov/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:29:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/jueves-26-de-nov/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[8:30 &#8211; 10:30 a.m. Comienzo averiguando el pH de la solución resultante de mezclar las dos solu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>8:30 &#8211; 10:30 a.m.</p>
<p>Comienzo averiguando el pH de la solución resultante de mezclar las dos soluciones empleadas para el acondicionamiento de las bolitas: 0.1 M de HCl y 0.1 M de NaOH, ambos disueltos en 150 ml.</p>
<p>Una vez mezcladas en un mismo recipiente, empleo papel indicador para determinar el nivel de pH. El papel se torna inmediatamente de un color oscuro, casi negro. Al mirar en la referencia encuentro que este color equivale a un pH de 12!</p>
<p>Esto significa que la mezcla de ambas soluciones no da como resultado una sustancia neutra (pH 7), como creíamos, sino una sustancia básica.</p>
<p>Ha primado el NaOH sobre el HCl.</p>
<p>Voy a hacer pruebas agregando ácido, observando el cambio de pH.<a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc07097.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-187" title="pH 12!" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc07097.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Mouthwash causes cavities!]]></title>
<link>http://blog.coleparmer.com/2009/11/26/mouthwash-causes-cavities/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 14:00:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Cole-Parmer</dc:creator>
<guid>http://blog.coleparmer.com/2009/11/26/mouthwash-causes-cavities/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Acidity contributes to the development of dental cavities. The source of this acidity is often attri]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toothdecay.png"><img class="alignleft" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Toothdecay.png/150px-Toothdecay.png" alt="" width="150" height="313" /></a>Acidity contributes to the development of dental cavities. The source of this acidity is often attributed to sugar fermentation by endogenous bacteria in the mouth, or to acidic foods and drinks, which lower salivary pH. Paradoxically, oral health mouthwashes may also cause dental cavities, largely due to the inclusion of ethanol (EtOH/&#8221;alcohol&#8221;) as an antiseptic agent, which can be oxidized to acetic acid. However, the potential deleterious effect of these mouthwashes has not been adequately assessed, nor have the chemical changes in pH and total ethanol been<br />
evaluated over time. Here we present data demonstrating changes to pH, total acid, and total ethanol in several popular mouthwashes over time. These changes increase acidity and thus demonstrate an increased risk of dental cavities.  Finally, we evaluate the chemical mechanism of these changes, and propose preventable solutions.</p>
<p>Full article is available here:  <a href="http://www.scientificjournals.org/journals2009/articles/1425.pdf">Determination of pH, total acid, and total ethanol in oral health products: oxidation of ethanol and recommendations to mitigate its association with dental caries</a>  <span style="font-family:Arial;"><br />
Compliments of:  Chunhye Kim Lee and Brian C. Schmitz</span></p>
<h2>Test your own mouthwash using a <a href="http://www.coleparmer.com/catalog/product_index.asp?cls=3415">Cole-Parmer PH/Ion Meter </a>.</h2>
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<title><![CDATA[martes 24, de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov-4/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 04:16:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov-4/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[12:30 &#8211; 1:00 p.m. Lucía nos confirma que la manera de neutralizar los residuos sí puede ser me]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06943.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-184" title="neutralizacion" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06943.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>12:30 &#8211; 1:00 p.m.</p>
<p>Lucía nos confirma que la manera de neutralizar los residuos sí puede ser mezclándolos entre ellos. El resultado de la reacción de HCl y NaOH es una sal + H2O.</p>
<p>Vamos a hacer la prueba y observar los resultados.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[martes, 24 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov-3/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 04:00:13 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov-3/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[2:10 &#8211; 4:10 p.m. Se intercambiaron las bolitas de solución y fueron dejadas por espacio de dos]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06956.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-176" title="acondicionamiento ok?" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06956.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>2:10 &#8211; 4:10 p.m.</p>
<p>Se intercambiaron las bolitas de solución y fueron dejadas por espacio de dos horas.</p>
<p>Al cabo de este tiempo fueron sacadas y guardadas en H2O.</p>
<p>No se ha observado la aparición de ninguna capa de color especial como se indica en el texto que hemos seguido. Podría de igual manera darse por terminado este proceso? O deberían repetirse otra serie de inmersiones?</p>
<p>El paso siguiente consiste en continuar esclareciendo la estructura y funcionamiento del electrodo de referencia Ag/AgCl con el fin de comenzar su construcción.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[martes, 24 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov-2/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 03:47:36 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov-2/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[11:43 &#8211; 1: 43 p.m. Sumergimos una bolita en una solución de HCl, 0.1 M (2.14 ml en 150 ml tota]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc069101.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-173" title="immersion de 2 horas" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc069101.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>11:43 &#8211; 1: 43 p.m.</p>
<p>Sumergimos una bolita en una solución de HCl, 0.1 M (2.14 ml en 150 ml totales) y la otra en una solución de NaOH, 0.1 M (0.598 g en 150 ml).</p>
<p>Son dejadas por espacio de dos horas.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[martes, 24 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 02:35:47 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/martes-24-de-nov/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[10:30 &#8211; 4:00 p.m. Hoy (ayer) continuamos con el proceso de adecuación de las bolitas de navida]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06868.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-169" title="adecuacion electrodos" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06868.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>10:30 &#8211; 4:00 p.m.</p>
<p>Hoy (ayer) continuamos con el proceso de adecuación de las bolitas de navidad.</p>
<p>Realizamos el proceso de acondicionamiento (paso 9, los pasos 5 al 8 se refieren a la construcción del electrodo de referencia) a partir de inmersiones sucesivas en HCl y luego en NaOH por espacio de dos horas cada una.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Welcome to Planet Hollywood]]></title>
<link>http://hakansfotografi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/welcome-to-planet-hollywood/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 22:33:30 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Håkan Dahlström</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hakansfotografi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/welcome-to-planet-hollywood/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[http://www.dahlstroms.com]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="pp_item" align="center"><img src="http://static.pixelpipe.com/6c41f0e5-2063-462a-ad1d-b3a6941ae287_b.jpg" style="max-width:100%;" />
<p>http://www.dahlstroms.com</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Wall of Planet Hollywood]]></title>
<link>http://hakansfotografi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/wall-of-planet-hollywood/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 22:32:23 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Håkan Dahlström</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hakansfotografi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/wall-of-planet-hollywood/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[http://www.dahlstroms.com]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="pp_item" align="center"><img src="http://static.pixelpipe.com/805696d1-de46-4fa9-b127-38475f5faf38_b.jpg" style="max-width:100%;" />
<p>http://www.dahlstroms.com</p>
</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Casino Entrance]]></title>
<link>http://hakansfotografi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/casino-entrance/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 22:32:19 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Håkan Dahlström</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hakansfotografi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/casino-entrance/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[http://www.dahlstroms.com]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="pp_item" align="center"><img src="http://static.pixelpipe.com/bfc35bda-1957-4fc8-bc27-83de28ee4e93_b.jpg" style="max-width:100%;" />
<p>http://www.dahlstroms.com</p>
</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Diabetics, Iodine and Health – 4]]></title>
<link>http://diabetesdietdialogue.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/diabetics-iodine-and-health-%e2%80%93-4/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:01:11 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>em</dc:creator>
<guid>http://diabetesdietdialogue.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/diabetics-iodine-and-health-%e2%80%93-4/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Everyone Knows Someone Who Needs This Information!&#8221; (TM) Yes, I know it&#8217;s Thanksg]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[&#8220;Everyone Knows Someone Who Needs This Information!&#8221; (TM) Yes, I know it&#8217;s Thanksg]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[What's In My Soil?]]></title>
<link>http://thegardenguy.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/whats-in-my-soil/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 20:47:25 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>thegardenguy</dc:creator>
<guid>http://thegardenguy.wordpress.com/2009/11/24/whats-in-my-soil/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[November 24, 2009: I havn&#8217;t posted here much in the last few weeks because, well, not too much]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>November 24, 2009:</p>
<p>I havn&#8217;t posted here much in the last few weeks because, well, not too much has been happening garden wise.  But, I did my annual soil test and got the results back.  Here is what the lab showed . . .<br />
Phosphorus &#8211; 220 ppm (between high and very high)<br />
Potassium &#8211; 558 ppm (between high and very high)<br />
Calcium &#8211; 4,776 ppm (between high and very high)<br />
Mangnesium &#8211; 460 ppm (between high and very high)<br />
Organic Matter &#8211; 7.6% (very high)<br />
pH &#8211; 7.1 (perfect)</p>
<p>The bottom line is, my soil is absolutely perfect and deficient in NOTHING!  It is all ready to plant come spring!  There is no way of knowing the true condition your YOUR soil, without a soil test.  Every serious gardener should get one done annually.</p>
<p>If you would like to get your soil tested, go to my website at http://www.thegardenguy.org, click on the SOIL TEST link on the right side of the page.  Along with your test results, I will include my own personal recommendations on what you need to do to bring your soil up to good tilth and composition.  Do yourself a favor, and do it now, to be ready for Spring planting!</p>
<p>Ron Cusano<br />
&#8220;The Garden Guy&#8221;<br />
http://www.TheGardenGuy.org</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Fun times @ 443 Kent St!!]]></title>
<link>http://mingwuphotos.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/fun-times-443-kent-st/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 02:16:43 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Ming Wu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mingwuphotos.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/fun-times-443-kent-st/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Went to a fun crazy house party on November 21st. Review of the party]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Went to a fun crazy house party on November 21st.<br />
<a href="http://wp.me/pleZG-129" target="_blank">Review of the party</a><br />
<a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent001.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent001" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent001_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent001" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent002.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent002" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent002_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent002" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent003.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent003" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent003_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent003" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent004.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent004" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent004_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent004" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent005.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent005" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent005_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent005" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent006.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent006" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent006_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent006" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent007.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent007" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent007_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent007" width="240" height="160" /></a> <a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent009.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent009" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent009_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent009" width="240" height="160" /></a><a href="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent010.jpg"><img style="display:inline;border:0;" title="House party 443 Kent010" src="http://mingwuphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/houseparty443kent010_thumb.jpg?w=240&#038;h=160" border="0" alt="House party 443 Kent010" width="240" height="160" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[DJ Houseparty @ 443 Kent St]]></title>
<link>http://mwmusic.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/dj-houseparty-443-kent-st/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 17:33:26 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Ming Wu</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mwmusic.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/dj-houseparty-443-kent-st/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It was a fun house party on November 21st. More like a house dance party with three different DJs. T]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>It was a fun house party on November 21st.<br />
More like a house dance party with three different DJs.<br />
The show was hosted by <a href="http://www.placemachine.com/" target="_blank">Place Records</a> and held at 443 Kent St.<br />
Playing there were:<br />
<a href="http://www.phmusic.net/music.html" target="_blank"> pH</a><br />
<a title="pH @ 443 Kent St by blurasis, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ming2046/sets/72157622861760498/" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2683/4127870645_91e255eaa3_m.jpg" alt="pH @ 443 Kent St" width="240" height="160" /></a><br />
<a href="http://www.myspace.com/hardhardkarn" target="_blank">Karn</a><br />
<a title="Karn @ 443 Kent St by blurasis, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ming2046/sets/72157622861760498/" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2726/4128666370_ea533dc9a9_m.jpg" alt="Karn @ 443 Kent St" width="240" height="160" /></a><br />
<a href="http://www.cadenceweaponmusic.com/" target="_blank">Cadence Weapon</a><br />
<a title="Cadence Weapon @ 443 Kent St by blurasis, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ming2046/sets/72157622861760498/" target="_blank"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2489/4128681610_727e952118_m.jpg" alt="Cadence Weapon @ 443 Kent St" width="240" height="160" /></a><br />
Decided to go to this show/party while still being sick. Hoping I didn&#8217;t make anyone I know very sick.<br />
Despite being sick, totally enjoyed and had a fun time.<br />
People who attended had a great time.<br />
pH started off the set and it was a fun set.<br />
Karn played next and he was like wow. Surprised he played a remix of Think About Life&#8217;s Sweet Sixteen.<br />
I didn&#8217;t stay long for Cadence Weapon&#8217;s set but his set sounded amazing, he started off with Yeah Yeah Yeah&#8217;s Heads Will Roll.<br />
He mostly did a DJ set so I don&#8217;t think he was doing any rapping for this show.<br />
Stayed there for about 30 minutes. He also played Roy Orbinson&#8217;s &#8220;You Got It&#8221;.<br />
Overall it was a crazy house party/show.</p>
<p>Here is Karn remixing Think About Life&#8217;s Sweet Sixteen (Sorry for the quality of the video since it was really dark)<br />
<span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/N0wC-DMb7ZY&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/N0wC-DMb7ZY&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span><br />
Here is Cadence playing the A-Trak remix of Yeah Yeah Yeahs Heads Will Roll (Sorry for the quality again)<br />
<span style='text-align:center; display: block;'><object width='425' height='350'><param name='movie' value='http://www.youtube.com/v/TNC9biVrWIs&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' /><param name='allowfullscreen' value='true' /><param name='wmode' value='transparent' /><embed src='http://www.youtube.com/v/TNC9biVrWIs&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;hd=0' type='application/x-shockwave-flash' allowfullscreen='true' width='425' height='350' wmode='transparent'></embed></object></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[ProH! Scare 2.6 Full Beta]]></title>
<link>http://jarduac.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/proh-scare-2-6-full-beta/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 18:27:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Baby</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jarduac.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/proh-scare-2-6-full-beta/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[&nbsp; O Scare 2.6 Full Beta foi finalizado Hoje com duas grandes novidades além de correções em rel]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>&#160;</p>
<p>O Scare 2.6 Full Beta foi finalizado Hoje com duas grandes novidades além de correções em relação a versão anterior.
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>O estagio Full Beta Significa que o Programa esta em seu estagio avançado de desenvolvimento.
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>O Projeto ProH! Psy, esta estacionado por enquanto e estou desenvolvendo ja em estagio Alpha o Projeto Welfare que pretendo lançar antes do Projeto Ph! Psy e talvez junto com o Scare 2.6
<p>&#160;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Study Hell]]></title>
<link>http://lawstudentatlast.com/2009/11/21/study-hell/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 06:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>At Last</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lawstudentatlast.com/2009/11/21/study-hell/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m afraid I can&#8217;t do this!  I wonder if any other 1L has ever said that.  It&#8217;s fu]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>I&#8217;m afraid I can&#8217;t do this!  I wonder if any other 1L has ever said that.  It&#8217;s funny, too, cause at school there are 2 types of people &#8211; those who love to complain about how hard it all is and how much work we all have and those who empathize with you, giving off the impression that they have no idea what I am feeling.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s my take on that &#8211; ALL 1L&#8217;s are stressed out!  I am sorry, but there is simply NO WAY anyone could be feeling like this is easy.  Even those who did well on the mid terms or memos so far HAVE to know how hard these finals are going to be, right??  Personally, I think the real two categories should be:  Those who realize how insanely hard all of this is but are hiding it brilliantly, and Those who fly their &#8220;I&#8217;m freaking out&#8221; freak flag high in the sky, for all to see!!! </p>
<p>Unfortunately, I have fallen in to category two!  I don&#8217;t particularly enjoy complaining &#8211; I tend to consider myself quite optimistic, actually, but these last 3 months have been one fat kick in the teeth after another!  Every day or two I catch myself saying, &#8220;Seriously?!?!?!?  I cannot take ANOTHER crappy thing happening to me!!&#8221;  and then sure enough one more crap-ass thing happens!!  Yet, here I am, little Mary sunshine, back again, ready to take another punch!<br />
<!--more--><br />
I am SOO determined to master this &#8211; to beat the odds &#8211; to prove to one and all I CAN DO THIS!!!  Problem is, I am running out of time and I feel like I need another month!  There are a few in my section who I, damn me for saying this, almost can&#8217;t stand simply because they seem to have their shit together!!  That makes me feel like an asshole just saying it outloud!!  Who am I to begrudge someone their right to having this all figured out?!?!  There&#8217;s this one girl, let&#8217;s call her PP (Perfect Polly) &#8211; she has by the classic definition her SHIT TOGETHER!!  I mean it&#8217;s disgusting!  She is gorgeous, atheletic, smart, always prepared, not nervous at all, sleeps a lot, probably has a cute boyfriend too &#8211; the BITCH!!  <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>PP drives me NUTS!!  I would like to be friends with her, but clearly I am below her standards!  She is no bitch, don&#8217;t get me wrong, I mean that is part of what annoys me - she&#8217;s really nice!!!  I shouldn&#8217;t be her friend &#8211; all I really want is to understand how she does it!!!  She really has the whole school/play balance down pat!</p>
<p>History tells us, those like PP are not always at the top of their class at grade time &#8211; we shall see!!!  I keep hearing from Professors and this seminar I went to that mid term grades don&#8217;t matter -even those that say they count for 20% of grade.  Everyone says that if you get an A on final, doesnt matter what other grade you got &#8211; you get an A!  So, that is all I am thinking about.  Except for legal writing, I REALLY still have a chance!  I want that so bad! </p>
<p>Reasons for wanting top grades:<br />
1.  Transfer to NW<br />
2.  Scholarships<br />
3.  Journals<br />
4.  Moot Court<br />
5.  Judicial Externship<br />
6.  Perkins<br />
7.  To truly feel like I belong</p>
<p>Much more on all that later&#8230;I MUST OUTLINE!!!!!!!</p>
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<title><![CDATA[jueves, 19 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/jueves-nov-19/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 06:09:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/jueves-nov-19/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1:45 &#8211; 2:00 p.m. Preparación de los electrodos Paso 4: Lavar con abundante agua. Observaciones]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06775.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-153" title="lavado" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06775.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>1:45 &#8211; 2:00 p.m.</p>
<p>Preparación de los electrodos</p>
<p>Paso 4: Lavar con abundante agua.</p>
<p>Observaciones:</p>
<p>- Se constata que la película metálica interior se ha terminado de desprender.</p>
<p>- No se observa ninguna característica especial de color en la superficie.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[jueves, 19 de nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/viernes-19-de-nov/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 06:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/viernes-19-de-nov/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1:30 &#8211; 1:45 p.m. Preparación de los electrodos Paso 3: Immersión en 0.1 M de HCl durante 5 min]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06765.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-149" title="immersión en HCl durante 5 min." src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc06765.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>1:30 &#8211; 1:45 p.m.</p>
<p>Preparación de los electrodos</p>
<p>Paso 3: Immersión en 0.1 M de HCl durante 5 min.</p>
<p>Observaciones:</p>
<p>El HCl es agredado al interior de las bolitas con ayuda de una jeringa.</p>
<p>El acido clorhídrico ayudó a desprender la película metálica interior que había quedado en las bolitas.</p>
<p>Ya no se obseva la capa blanquecina que había quedado del paso 1.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[jueves, 19 nov.]]></title>
<link>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/jueves-19-nov/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 05:39:35 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>objetosmagicos</dc:creator>
<guid>http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/jueves-19-nov/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[1:15 &#8211; 1:30 p.m. Preparación de los electrodos Paso 2: Se sacan las bolitas empleando una cuch]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><a href="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc067001.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-141" title="sacado luego de 30 minutos" src="http://computadordefrutas.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/dsc067001.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>1:15 &#8211; 1:30 p.m.</p>
<p>Preparación de los electrodos</p>
<p>Paso 2:</p>
<p>Se sacan las bolitas empleando una cuchara plástica y se extrae el residuo de NaOH con ayuda de una jeringa.</p>
<p>Obervaciones:</p>
<p>Recomendamos usar guantes y tapa bocas para este proceso.</p>
<p>alejandro.</p>
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