INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE by S.I. Fishgal
US PTO Application No. 964,280 dated 11-28-78

ABSTRACT OF TIM DISCLOSURE

An internal combustion engine has a cylinder-piston device, an inlet, an exhaust, and a crankshaft with a kinematic chain between the latter and said piston. That chain includes joints and at least one member of the group consisting of a connecting rod, a rocker beam, a piston rod, and a connecting traverse. Said kinematic chain is provided with a resiliently biased means to displace when the cylinder’s gas pressure reaches a predetermined value, to store the gas excess energy and release it during returning the resiliently biased means to the initial position.
Above means represents at least one said member shaped as one or more springs, such as disc springs. The latter are placed in at least one gap between said piston, piston rod, joint with said crankshaft and a telescopic joint of said piston rod, or the spring-actuated movable support of the fulcrum of said rocker beam. Said joints can be made of elastic materials, such as rubber and plastic. The latter joints can have their internal collar biased to the piston and taking up the middle position during the operation.
The natural oscillating frequency of said means can be close to the forced frequency of the piston motions at the rated speed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to internal combustion (diesel and gasoline) engines having a cylinder-piston device, an inlet, an exhaust, and a crankshaft with a kinematic chain between the latter and said piston. Said chain includes joints and at least one member of the group consisting of a connecting rod, a rocker beam, a piston rod, and a connecting traverse.
The objective of the present invention is to decrease the creation of NO and the occurrence of knocking. This is achieved by restricting the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber. Such a restriction lowers the chamber temperature and decreases NO formation too.
Known devices restricting the maximum pressure are mainly hydraulic (e.g. Edward F. Obert. Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution. Intext Educational Publishers, New York (1973); Dizeli (Diesels). Mashinostroenie, Leningrad (1977); US patents Nos. 4,033,304; 4,079,707; 4,016,841; 4,084,557; 3,156,162; 3,161,112; 3,185,137; 3,185,138; 3,303,831; 3,311,096; 3,402,662; 3,418,982; 3,450,111; 3,417,738; 3,417,739; 3,450,112; 3,527,265; 3,405,698; 3,405,697; 3,405,113; 3,407,791; 3,667,433; 3,704,695 and many others). The known devices do not accumulate the energy corresponding to the restricted pressure and, therefore, increase the fuel consumption. That is why another objective of the present invention is to accumulate this energy and then give it back.
Still another objective of this invention is to get the expansion and exhaust which are more complete by their longer lasting strokes (the complete-expansion cycle is described, for example, in above Obert’s book). The cycle with longer strokes for expansion and exhaust, than for induction and compression, is used in a convenient engine (US patents Nos. 4,033,304 and 4,084,557), swing-beam engines (Canadian patent No. 1 020 094 and US patent No. 4,092,957), Swing-Beam Engine. Automotive Engineer, August/September, 1977; David Scott. Quiet Swing-Beam Diesel has Variable Compression Ratio. Automotive Engineering, April 1977) and a cam engine (H. Quigley. The K-Cycle. Canadian Aviation, February 1977; British patent No. 1,467,969 and US patent No. 4,022,167).
Still another objective of the present invention is to decrease the quantity of elements for swing-beam engines by one linkage and joint.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Above objectives are achieved by providing the kinematic chain of the engines with a resiliently biased means to displace when the gas pressure in the cylinder reaches a predetermined value, to store the gas excess energy gas and release it back during returning the resiliently biased means to the initial position.
The resiliently biased means represents a connecting rod, a rocker beam, a piston rod, or a connecting traverse shaped as one or several springs, such as disc springs, placed in at least one gap between the piston, piston rod, joint with the crankshaft, and a telescopic joint of a piston rod. The latter is made of telescopically connected parts.          The joint can be made of elastic materials, such as rubber and plastic (e.g. neoprene).
The elastic joint can have its internal collar biased the piston and taking up the middle position during the operation.
In one embodiment, the resiliently biased means represents the spring-actuated movable support of the fulcrums of the rocker beams.
The natural oscillating frequency of said means can be close to the forced frequency caused by the piston motions at the rated engine speed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a design scheme of an engine with a piston-connecting-rod-crankshaft kinematic chain;
Fig. 2 is a design of a swing-beam engine with the fulcrums of the beams in the middle of the latter (a conditional scheme);
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal sectional view of an elastic joint with its biased internal collar;
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view taken along line V-V in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the same as in Fig. 2, with the fulcrums placed in the beams ends at the pistons;
Fig. 7 is the same as above, with the fulcrums placed in the beams ends at the crankshaft, the joints being elastic;
Fig. 8 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of above engine with spring rods and beams;
Fig. 9 is the same as above with a leaf spring between the fulcrums;
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of an engine with a traverse connecting two crank gears;
Fig. 11 is the same as above with the traverse between the cylinders;
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of an engine with a yoke;
Fig. 13 is a sectional view on line XIII-XIII of Fig. 12;
Fig. 14 is a design of a telescopic piston rod with springs;
Fig. 15 is a comparative P-V diagrams of cycles of a convenient (dash lines) and present (full lines) engines.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A conventional engine (Fig. 1) has a piston 1, a cylinder 2, an inlet 3, an outlet 4 and a crankshaft 5 connected to the piston 1 with a connecting rod 6, a crank 7 and joints 8 and 9. The connecting rod 6 is shaped as a leaf spring (the resiliently biased means).
In a swing-beam engine (I.I. Artobolevsky, Mechanisms in Modern Engineering Design. Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1975, v. 2; L.J.K. Setright, Some Unusual Engines, Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., London (1975); Arthur W. Judge, High Speed Diesel Engines, Chapman & Hall, London (1967); K.G. Draper, The Two-Stroke Engine, Henley-on-Themes (1968); Arthur W. Judge, Automobile Engines, R. Bentley, Cambridge, Mass. (1965); J.N. Seale, Questions and Answers on Diesel Engines, Drake Publishers, N.Y. (1972), different combinations of leaf-spring elements are conditionally shown in Fig. 2 only in way of illustration.
Here opposed pistons 1 are linked with connecting rods 6 by of rocker beams 12, many variations being possible. For example, either all the elements of the kinematic chain, or even only one, can be shaped as a leaf spring, and an elastic joint 13 in the fulcrums of the beams 12 can be used.                Depending on the flexibility of the kinematic chain elements, a piston rod 14 shown in the right side of Fig. 2 can be omitted (shown in the left). This simplifies the chain.
The elastic joint 13 can be made of materials such as rubber or plastic, e.g. neoprene.
For a better compensation of the deformation caused by the piston motions in swing-beam engines, the elastic joint 13 can have its internal collar 15 biased to the piston and taking up the middle position during its operation (Fig. 4 and 5).
Swing-beam engines with the fulcrums in the beams ends (Fig. 6-9) are more advanced, the expansion and exhaust strokes being longer, than for induction and compression (see above cited Canadian patent, Automotive Engineer and Automotive Engineering, for advantages and disadvantages of different types of awing-beam engines).
Again, many variations are possible.
The fulcrums 13 are placed in the ends of the beams 12 at either the pistons 1 (Fig. 6), or the crankshaft 5 (Fig. 7-9). The engines in Fig. 6 and 7 do not have piston rods and, therefore, depend on the flexibility of their elastic fulcrums 13. The engine in Fig. 7 is analogous to that described in cited Scott’s article, wherein, instead of self-centering eccentric sleeves on wrist pins, the elastic joints 13 are employed.
In way of illustration, connecting rods 6 are shaped as a leaf spring in Fig. 6, so are piston rods 14 and rocker beams 12 in Fig. 8 where the fulcrums 13 are either convenient, or elastic.
A leaf spring 16 can be placed between fulcrums 13, the latter being movable (Fig. 9). The necessity of piston rods here depends on the fulcrums degree of freedom.
For engines, such as marine diesels (e.g. German patent No. 655 093 and US patent No. 3,521,615), with two crank gears connecting to the opposite ends of a connecting traverse resting upon a piston rod, the traverse 20 can be shaped as a leaf spring (Fig. 10).
For engines, such as in US patent No. 4,011,842, wherein a traverse rests upon a connecting rod and connects two double-ended pistons of two double-ended cylinders, the connecting traverse 20 has a similar shape (Fig. 11).
In engines with an yoke 25 of Fig. 12 and 13, said resiliently biased means represents disc springs 26 placed in at least one gap between the piston 1, the piston rod 14 and the yoke 25 (in Fig. 12 and 13 both the two variants are conditionally shown together). That is similar to US patents Nos. 2,122,676; 2,122,677; 2,172,670; 3,906,908 and 4,013,048. Besides, the piston rod 14 can be made of two parts 27 and 28 linked telescopically by disc springs 26 (Fig. 14).
The piston rods 14 can be connected to borings 29 of the pistons 1 and yoke 25 by convenient means, such as pins 30 allowing the piston rods 14 to slide relatively to the borings 29, slots 31 restricting the sliding (Fig. 12 and 13), or thread (Fig. 14).
Operation of described resiliently biased means depends on the purpose in hand. If the objective is only to eliminate a piston rod and joint for each cylinder (as can be in Fig. 6 and 7) at the expense of the flexibility of the elastic fulcrums, the cycle of the engine is similar to that of a convenient engine.
If the objective is to decrease the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber, the resiliently biased means does not operate during the compression stroke and low load operation of the engine. Since the pressure in the combustion chamber at this is less, than the preset load of the means, the combustion cycle is similar to that of a conventional engine.
In case of acceleration or high speed driving, the pressure is maximum and the likelihood of knocking, and NO creation increases. The resiliently biased means is compressed when the pressure reaches a predetermined value. At this the volume of the combustion chamber is increased and the means stores energy corresponding to the restrained pressure. When the pressure in the combustion chamber is gradually decreased after combustion, the means steadily extends to return to its normal position and releases the stored energy. Depending on the regime of operating, the maximum pressure decrease can be between 5% and 25%.
If the resiliently biased means return continues after passing the dead center by the piston, the return of the latter is accelerated under spring action, and the stroke completes quicker, than under only crankshaft action. Such a case is shown in P-V diagram (Fig. 15) by the full line, whereas the dash line shows a convenient cycle. At this, the power stroke can be elongated up to 30%.
It is possible, especially for stationary engines, to elevate the engine efficiency by presetting the natural oscillating frequency of the resiliently biased means close to the forced frequency caused by the piston motions at the rated engine speed.
It is clear for those skilled in the art that many other changes and variations of the illustrated embodiments and working cycles are apparent within the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder-piston device, an inlet, an exhaust, a crankshaft and a kinematic chain between the latter and said piston, said chain including joints and at least one member of the group consisting of a connecting rod, a rocker beam, a piston rod and a connecting traverse, wherein said kinematic chain is provided with a resiliently biased means to displace when the gas pressure in said cylinder reaches a predetermined value, to store the gas excess energy and release it during returning the resiliently biased means to its initial position.
2. The engine of claim 1 wherein said resiliently biased means represents at least one said member shaped as a spring.
3. The engine of claim 1 wherein said resiliently biased means represents at least one said joint made of elastic materials such as rubber or plastic.
4. The engine of claim 3 wherein said elastic joint has its internal collar biased to the cylinder and taking up the middle position during the operation.
5. The engine of claim 1 wherein said resiliently biased means represents the spring-actuated movable support of the rocker beams fulcrums.
6. The engine of claim 1 wherein said resiliently biased means represents a spring, such as disc springs, placed in at least one gap between said piston, piston rod, joint with said crankshaft, and in a telescopic joint of said piston rod made of telescopically connected parts.
7. The engine of claim 1 wherein the natural oscillating frequency of said resiliently biased means is close to the forced frequency caused by the piston motions at the rated engine speed.

NORVIN CAFE RACER WITH THE WOW FACTOR

Mick and his show winning Norvin special

( COPYRIGHT FREE – PLEASE CREDIT ALASTAIR WALKER/MOTORFEATURES UK )

Mick Barton’s Norvin special was one of the stars in the bikes section at the Classic Motor Show, held at the NEC in November 2009, reports Alastair Walker.

Mick had a Norvin when he was a teenager in the 60s, but back then he couldn’t afford to customise the bike with the very best performance parts. So spending the last eight years, `on and off,’ building this ultimate cafe racer Norvin was a real labour of love.

“The hardest part was sourcing an original Vincent engine,” said Mick, “I could have used a re-manufactured motor, but I eventually found a 1955 V-twin and then had it stripped, with bigger valves, hotter cams, low comp pistons fitted, plus GP 32mm carbs and a custom made set of exhaust pipes. The bike really goes well now. I think it’s realised the full potential of the bike, yet sticks with the old cafe racer styling of the 60s.”

Other mods on the bike include Ceriani suspension, many polished and chromed parts, a Yamaha V-Max fly screen and Yamaha TZ spoked wheels. The striking Norvin, finished in Audi orange, took `Best Cafe Racer’ in the concours awards, presented by the Ace Cafe London, at the Classic Motor Show 2009.

Ends.

Vaja veel värvida.
Nõel: 7round liner, 15Magnum2
Tint: K

Needs colouring.
Needle: 7round liner, 15Magnum2
Ink: K

Fuck it ! J’avais prévu d’avoir bouclé la relecture de mon manuscrit le week-end dernier. Mon plan partait du principe que ce lundi, je devrais être en train de faire chauffer les photocopieuses des chinois à Belleville et repartir avec une dizaine de pavés tout chauds. Sauf qu’en fait non. Saleté de moral qui n’en fait qu’à sa guise. C’était un peu le yoyo ces derniers temps, où je compensais comme je pouvais en claquant un tas de thune de partout. Yay DJ Hero ! Me voilà à ma deadline avec encore quelques pages à relire (reuzment je peux les compter sur les doigts d’une main, ce qui est bien mais quand même pas top). Et putain je réalise que je n’ai même pas commencé à bosser sur ma note d’intention. Sans oublier cette foutue mise en page, avec police, taille, marges et interlignes imposés par les éditeurs. Je manque de temps.

Parce que concrètement, j’ai trois semaines pour jouer mes cartes. Pour des raisons dont je reparlerai dans quelques jours, ne comptez pas sur moi pour être disponible en décembre. De toute façon, en période de fêtes/vacances, plus personne ne lit rien, ce qui repousse en janvier. Oui mais janvier c’est la seconde rentrée littéraire ! Oh Noes ! Tout le monde est de nouveau occupé. Comme si c’était déjà pas suffisamment la misère pour placer un manuscrit en temps normal. La semaine dernière en plus j’ai joué avec Dahlia à « Non mais, en vrai, si tu pouvais choisir, tu publierais chez qui ? ». Etablir un ordre de préférence, des pours et des contres, c’est super sympa sur le papier. Bonjour la frustration une fois de retour dans le monde réel. Un an de lobbying depuis ma première tentative sur mon premier manuscrit et le réseau à beau avoir progressé, c’est pas encore tout à fait ça.

Enfin, chaque chose en son temps. Déjà il faut que je survive à ma propre prose. C’est juste insupportable de relire encore et encore un texte qu’on connait par cœur. Je trouve sans cesse de quoi améliorer, procède à des allers-retours, effectue des petites modifs mais aussi quelques compromis. Prenez par exemple tous les personnages uniquement identifiés par un prénom, parce que je déteste inventer des noms. Je me dis que j’aurais toujours le temps de bidouiller ça entre une signature et l’impression. Au moins je remporte quelques victoires. La barre des 400 000 caractères aura été franchie avec un peu de marge (pas trop quand même). Comparé au précédent, ce manuscrit pèse son poids, fait vrai livre qui n’en veut, qui n’est pas là pour déconner. De toute façon c’est dit dans le titre, qui émoustille tous ceux à qui j’en parle.

Tout ce que j’espère c’est boucler le plus vite possible et tomber sur un miracle. Bien meilleur que le précédent, moins bon (ou pas remarque) que le prochain, ce manuscrit j’y crois. L’heure arrive de nouveau d’aller frapper aux portes, enchainer les punchs dans le plafond de verre, le mur de brique. Let’s do this ! Mais vite, parce que chaque seconde qui passe est perdue. Trois semaines.

Demain, j’expliciterai mon usage de Twitter.

Marcus Jones of the UFC is one to watch in the future.

Sorry I haven’t been around much sports fans. By way of excuse, the best that I can offer is that Detroit sports have been really depressing lately. First the Tigers stopped playing about a month before the season ended and tailspun right out of a playoff berth. Then Pistons came out with a new season, a new attitude and the same old .500 record. Meanwhile the Lions apparently got upset at the St. Louis Rams for challenging their title of worst team ever and decided to go out and give them their first win of the season, thereby preserving the Lions 0-16 record for futility for another year. So yeah… down economy, crappy sports teams. I just could not bring myself to write about how much the sports scene here stinks.

But lately I ‘ve been hooked on The Ultimate Fighter series on Spike. They are in their 10th season, and coaches, Quinton “Rampage” Jackson and “Sugar” Rashad Evans are battling it out in the first round. And much like the Lions of last year, the question all season has been will Rampage be able to win one at some point? Last night we got the answer to that question in the form of Marcus “Big Baby” Jones. The massive, soft-spoken ex NFLer, Who loves Mixed Martial Arts so much he actually gets giddy during practices. Big Baby, finally got Rampage a win and saved the coach from the humiliation of a clean sweep in the 1st round.

But the show will soon be over, and the winners and losers will not be near as important as what the fighters go on to do after the show. Many of the winning fighters from previous seasons have gone on to very successful UFC careers. But those that have the drive and determination, and the physical skills can easily recover from an Ultimate Fighter loss and go on to have a fantastic career in their own rite. I think that Marcus Jones is one to watch. At 6′6″ and 260 lbs he is a force to be reckoned with for his sheer physicality alone. But beyond that, he actually showed a ground game in his match with the, admittedly overmatched, Mike Wessel. First Jones used his size, and strength to reverse Wessel’s takedown and then he shifted seamlessly from an attempted Americana lock, to a rear naked choke attempt and into an arm bar that submitted Wessel almost immediately and left the onlookers wondering if Wessel’s arm might have been damaged. In terms of potential, Marcus Jones represents a new breed. I have never seen a man that large, move as agilely from submission attempt to attempt. Like some kind of 6′6″ BJ Penn. As they often say in the UFC there are levels to Jujitsu. In all likelihood, Jones is at a very basic level right now. But his thirst for knowledge is tremendous. He truly loves the sport and once he becomes an expert in Jujitsu, a man of his size and strength and agility should be nearly unstoppable. Watch out for Marcus Jones ladies and gentleman. He may be the first opponent that has a legitimate shot at taking down the reigning champion of the heavyweight division, former WWE star Brock Lesnar.

Quick Bits:

Yankees win world series: The Yankees have defeated the Phillies in the world series. Finally, some relief for all those 8 year olds out there that haven’t seen a Yankees championship in their lifetime.

Streaky ‘Stones: It looks like another year of identity crisis for the Detroit Pistons. Losing to teams like the up and coming Oklahoma City Thunder, and Memphis Grizzlies, but beating the Orlando Magic. It’s another case of which Pistons team will show up tonight? If there is one bright spot that has been consistent, it’s the lazarus like revitalization of Ben Wallace who really looks almost as good as the championship Ben Wallace of 2004. Only time will tell if he can keep it up as the season wears on, but it’s been fun to watch him trolling the paint for steals and blocked shot opportunities as he did in the good old days.

Motor 2 langkah

Pada dasarnya prinsip kerja motor 2-tak sangat simpel/sederhana.  Pada satu siklus pembakaran terjadi dua kali langkah seker/piston. sangat berbeda sekali dengan prinsip kerja motor 4-tak. Pada motor 4-tak terjadi 4 langkah pada satu siklus pembakaran. walaupun sama-sama memiliki 4 proses, langkah isap, langkah tekanan/kompresi, langkah putar/tenaga dan langkah buang. yang diteruskan ke saluran buang atau Knalpot. banyak merk-merk kendaraan bermotor yang sangat digemari ABG yang masih duduk di bangku SMP dan SMA. seperti Honda NSR 2T, Kawasaki Ninja, Yamaha RX King, Suzuki RGR, dan masih banyak lagi.

Titik Mati Atas (TMA) dan Titik Mati Bawah (TMB)

Langkah 1 dari TMA ke TMB, Piston bergerak dari TMA ke TMB maka akan terjadi penekanan pada ruang Bilas yang ada di bawah piston. Pada lubang linier terdapat lubang dari Intake dan Exhaust. saat piston bergerak melewati lubang exhaust, gas yang berada pada ruang bakar akan keluar melalui lubang exhaust. saat piston melalui lubang intake maka gas dalam ruang bilas yang terpompa oleh piston akan masuk ke dalam ruang bakar, dan saat langkah ini gas dari sisa pembakaran akan terdorong keluar melalui exhaust.

Langkah 2 dari TMB ke TMA, Piston yang bergerak dari TMB ke TMA akan melakukan penghisapan campuran bahan bakar, udara, dan pelumas (oli samping). setelah piston melewati lubang intake dan lubang exhaust maka piston akan melakukan langkah kompresi yang akan menghasilkan tekanan pada ruang bakar. piston akan terus menekan sampai TMA, dan pada tepat berada di TMA. campuran bahan bakar dan udara yang sudah mendapat tekanan yang dasyat dari piston akan terbakar oleh api yang dipercikkan oleh busi. setelah terjadi ledakan pada ruang bakar maka akan diteruskan ke langkah tenaga, dan tenaga disalurkan ke sistem transmisi.

seperti itulah gambaran prinsip kerja motor 2-tak. hal tersebut terjadi berulang-ulang selama motor masih bekrja. inilah sedikit gambaran prinsip kerja motor 2-tak.

Piston YANMAR 6 Z (L) ST

Piston KOMATSU S 6D170

Harga :  Rp.

Piston CUMMINS NT 855 Series

Harga :  Rp.

“Je suis d’avis que tous ceux qui aident à porter le fardeau du gouvernement doivent en partager les privilèges.”

Finally some juicy news. As some of you guys may have heard, Magic took shots at Isiah in a book he co-wrote with Larry Bird and author Jackie MacMullan. Magic questioned Isiah’s sexuality. Well to be honest, i kinda questioned it too, after seeing him all those days of Knicks coaching. Magic went on to say ” Isiah killed his own chances when it came to the Olympics. Nobody on that team wanted to play with him. … Michael didn’t want to play with him. Scottie [Pippen] wanted no part of him. Bird wasn’t pushing for him. Karl Malone didn’t want him. Who was saying, ‘We need this guy?’ Nobody.”

I personally think this is B**** move. Come on, your a freaking man, man!!!. Stand up to him, if you really question his sexuality, the highest he could do is sissy slap you. Well, the BROOOOKlYNNN native, Thomas replied by saying.

“Let’s be real. I’m not going to say the things Magic said in private about Larry, but I do know the public stance he’s taken [in becoming Bird's friend],” Thomas said. I know that’s not how he felt about Larry Bird. Magic hated Larry, and he tried to make other people hate Larry. Magic was no friend of Larry Bird’s during that time. And his Laker teammates will tell you that. And I’m sure they’ve got to be disgusted with the way he’s carried on with this whole me-and-Larry bull.”

I guess he decided not to let the cat out of the bag, but he is just giving a peek. I think it would be great, if Thomas had told the world what Magic said about bird, this manaje trois beef will be so sick. Haven’t heard from bird, but the silence cant be too long. But in the mean time people….stay tuned.

” Stay Balling My Friends”

“La démocratie dont je suis partisan, c’est celle qui donne à tous les mêmes chances de réussite, selon la capacité de chacun. Celle que je repousse, c’est celle qui prétend remettre au nombre l’autorité qui appartient au mérite.”

“Le gouvernement a un bras long et l’autre court : le long sert à prendre, et il arrive partout ; le bras court sert à donner et il n’atteint que les plus proches.”

“Désormais ce qui compte en France pour réussir, ce n’est plus d’être bien né, c’est d’avoir travaillé dur et d’avoir fait la preuve par ses études de sa valeur.”

Discours de Nicolas Sarkozy, au moment de l’annonce de la réforme des lycées, il y quelques jours.

” Ce que tu es parle tellement fort, que je n’entends pas ce que tu dis .”

Thomas Jefferson .

“Nous avons le devoir d’être en mouvement de bâtir l’identité de notre département autour d’un projet partagé, de refuser les dogmes et les immobilismes . Notre responsabilité est de porter le changement et d’en être à la pointe.”

Phrase slogan du site internet du groupe UMP des Hauts de Seine.

Ou comment une affaire de famille peut devenir une affaire d’état.

A l’heure actuelle, le bagage unniversitaire de Jean Sarkozy, est mince, fiston voyage léger : à 23 ans , il a fait deux années de droit, en tout et pour tout.

Et voilà que grâce à papa … voilà un jeune homme bien né ! …il va être propulsé président de l’établissement public d’aménagement le plus important d’Europe, l’EPAD de la défense .

Pour jean Sarkozy , le fiston comment les choses se sont jouées ?

Elu conseiller général en 2007 canton sud de Neuilly, ça aide !

Au nom du père …

Les Balkani comme parents adoptifs . Particulièrement Isabelle.

Bataille contre Devedjian en relation malade avec Isabelle Balkani .

Les abeilles deviennent des guêpes .

Par peur, flatterie, courtisanerie, vis à vis du père et action des Balkani ses parents adoptifs, il est élu à 22 ans , président du groupe UMP au conseil général .

Le groupe UMP étant majoritaire au Conseil général des Hauts de Seine, il est sur les rangs pour la prochaine élection comme président du Conseil général .

Jusqu’en 2014 où le conseil général disparaîtra au profit de la nouvelle institution territoriale, dont il deviendrait président .

Maintenant passons à l’EPAD.

Patrick Devedjian, 65 ans  président de l’Epad, atteint par la limite d’âge ne peut plus se présenter , une case apparaît pour le fiston, mais pour cela il faut le faire entrer au conseil d’administration de l’Epad, c’est à dire libérer une case en déplaçant une pièce. Entretemps ( merci au Canard ) octobre 2008 Sarkozy père installe comme directeur général de l’Epad , un sarkozien pur sucre, le sous préfet Philippe Chaix, qui a été secrétaire général des Hauts de Seine.

Devedjian essaye de faire passer en douce un amendement prolongeant jusqu’à 70 ans , l’âge limite pour les patrons des établissements publics, avec l’avis favorable de Matignon , alors que l’Elysée freine des quatre fers . Cet amendement est retoqué par le conseil constitutionnel .

Reste maintenant à faire entrer fiston au conseil d’administration de l’EPAD Les statuts prévoient que la présidence revient à un des deux représentants du département au conseil d’administration, exit Deviedjian, il revient donc d’office à Hervé Marseille, conseiller général Nouveau centre des Hauts de Seine,le président Sarkozy s’en occupe en le nommant membre du conseil économique et social, avec la promesse d’un poste de sénateur en 2011. Le 29 septembre les élus UMP du département sont convoqués pour prendre acte de la démission d’Hervé Marseille.

Hervé Marseille;

Cette nomination libératrice, ouvre la case nécessaire pour que le jeune fou de fiston entre dans la diagonale .

Une fois que le fiston occupe la case du conseil d’administration de l’EPAD, il faut le faire élire ,aux dernières nouvelles les fonctionnaires de l’état ne voteraient pas . Il reste donc pour élire le président, deux conseillers généraux UMP, et deux conseillers généraux PC, plus le président de la Chambre de Commerce des hauts de Seine, qui se trouve être oh miracle, un ancien haut fonctionnaire de la mairie de Neuilly sur Seine, du temps où Nicolas Sarkozy en était maire.

Le 5 octobre fiston Jean Sarkozy annonce en tête à tête à Devedjian, que pour lui la partie est terminée .

La partie était sous contrôle de la pièce maitresse le père du fiston , qui par hasard se trouvait aussi être le président de la République.

Seulement à ce moment là les fées se fâchent au dessus du berceau du fiston !

* Le chômage en hausse.

* Incompétence du fiston : deux ans de droit.

* Des dizaines de milliers de familles d’électeurs de Nicolas Sarkozy ne trouvent pas de boulot pour leur fiston qui a bac + 5 .

* De nombreux élus de droite, et non des moindres ( expérience, compétence), commencent à s’inquiéter de la fulgurance du parcours du fiston à papa -” à quoi ça sert que papa y se décarcasse !” – le voilà bientôt président de l’EPAD Défense, après demain président ddu conseil général le plus riche de France, les Hauts de Seine en 2011, ensuite député, ministre …et bientôt en 2017 pourquoi ne prendrait il pas la place de papa à l’Elysée ? ça s’inquiète sec chez certains ! .

Un nom qui a tellement empli les média : Sarkozy, incognito impossible pour le fiston .

Conclusion .

Les électeurs y compris ceux de droite en viennent à penser : il travaille à son bonheur , alors qu’il a promis de travailler au nôtre !

Palo Alto dixit Thomas Jefferson .

“ce que tu es toi , Nicolas Sarkozy, quand tu donnes du piston à fiston , parle tellement fort, que je n’entends pas ce que tu dis quand tu dis que tu travailles à notre bonheur et à celui de nos fistons !” .

Résultat relation malade entre les Français et Nicolas Sarkozy.

Cristallisation .

L’affaire du fiston devient l’élément déclencheur.Mais la roche Tarpéienne est prêt du Capitole et le chemin est long et plein d’embuches jusqu’au 4 décembre, date de l’élection du président de l’EPAD !

“ Ah quel dommage d’avoir un fils !” …

“Il ira loin ce petit”. Prémonitoire la saillie de Siné lorsque le rejeton présidentiel épousa l’héritière Darty. Mais, avec l’annonce de sa désignation à la tête de l’EPAD, à 23 ans et alors qu’il peine en deuxième année de Droit, c’est surtout en matière de ridicule qu’il bat des records. Face à ce népotisme d’un système Sarko, que même dans les rangs de l’UMP on a du mal à assumer – va falloir aller expliquer à l’électeur dont le gamin trouve pas de stage malgré un bac+5 que les temps sont durs toussa mais que la France se redresse -, il y a de quoi perdre le peu de sang-froid qui nous restait encore. Mais on peut aussi prendre le parti de la dérision tant tout cela est minable. C’est l’option prise par pas mal d’internautes au sujet de la tête à claque et cul à coups de pieds de Neuilly. En voici en quelque sorte un best-off (avec sans doute quelques oublis scandaleux ) de ce #jeansarkozypartout qui est le mème du moment sur Twitter. Heureusement pour le ptit Jeannot que le ridicule a renoncé à tuer…

Commençons par le père, le nabotléon himself qui ne s’est pas rendu compte du ridicule de ce qu’il énonçait hier ou qui se croit tout permis. Au deuxième degré c’est fendard quand même :

Les politiques ont du coup retrouvé quelques traits d’esprit, et Laurent Fabius a été plutôt bon. «Pour diriger “le plus grand quartier d’affaire d’Europe”, “on a besoin d’un très bon juriste. M. Sarkozy est en deuxième année de droit, c’est un élément fort.” Sans compter qu’en matière de connaissance “des affaires”, Jean Sarkozy “peut avoir quelques prédispositions”. Pince-sans-rire, Fabius ajoute: “M.Hirsch a présenté un plan pour la promotion des jeunes. Je suis sûr que c’est dans ce cadre que sa nomination est faite”…».

Le “Posteur” Calvero a, lui, retrouvé la lettre de motivation du fils de:

Petit souci, un autre candidat, Mamadou, titulaire d’un DESS de Droit et lui aussi jeune et dynamique est apparu et un groupe Facebook le soutient (mais il s’agit sans doute d’un élément manipulé par un groupuscule anarcho autonome d’ultra gauche – de la tendance marxiste Groucho peut être ? – pour tenter de mettre la main sur l’EPAD).

Quoiqu’il en soit cette transformation de la République en monarchie fait du pays, après les talonnettes et les moulinets du nain élyséen, la risée du monde (revue de presse ici) et du ouèbe:

Et c’est vrai que difficile d’y échapper car vraiment #jeansarkozypartout comme sur cette série de photos en mode Zelig ou post-soviétique (suivez la flèche ça vaut le coup).

Il a même été appelé en renfort sur un forum de foot dans la compo de l’OM:

Une telle ascension a créé quelques tensions familiales et, alors que la marâtre se confie sur les bienfaits de la psychanalyse (en plus c’est vrai et ça va passer dans la télé) – elle devrait y envoyer monsieur monmari -, il a fallu trouver un poste pour “Galouzeau”. Voilà donc un nouveau scandale en gestation avec le parachutage du chien des Sarkozy à la tête de la SPA (c’est par là).

La princière personne, un Jean qui a hérité des terres de son père et va se charger de garder la thune, avait besoin de son site. Il existe (clic dessus pour la visite):

Mais voyons donc quelques images du jeune prodige accompagnées par un air plus qu’adapté :

Confronté à un même cas, le Groland a réalisé dès le départ ce geste qu’on aurait tous envie de faire face à ce délit de sale gueule ambulant. Quelques images d’archives donc:

Même si face à cet Etat de droite, c’est signer dans un violon – voire sa réaction après une votation sur La poste qui a eu le succès qu’on sait -, cela n’en reste pas moins significatif. La pétition contre ce coup de piston hors norme et aberrant est toujours en ligne (par ici). Elle marche vers les 100000 signataires: plus de 70000 hier soir.

[Edit : le billet à peine terminé je tombe via le Twitter de @hypos sur cette perle:

c'eut été dommage de s'en priver ]

Hey.

I’m watching Cars. Good movie. Lightning McQueen is racing for the Piston Cup. He’s now got the cars from Radiator Springs supporting him from the sidelines, so he’s happy and he’ll probably win. McQueen is a cool last name.

I’m only writing this out of boredom. I have nothing to do. I’m watching my niece tonight. She’s sleeping now. Which is nice. I’ll probably end up watching Starsky and Hutch after this. Haven’t seen it before.

Oh no, Lighting McQueen has a flat tyre! Oh it’s Ok. It’s pumped up again.
Ohhhhhh, wait I remember how this movie ends! Moral win for Lightning McQueen, awwww.

Ok. I’m sorry. Bye.

The latest Porsches are really something aren’t they? Their looks could kill and their speed could thrill, even more so now thanks to tuners like Switzer which we have all heard about and recently; Sharkwerks who tuned a Porsche 997 GT3RS to produce 500hp! The modifications that make this German monster go woud be a redesigned piston and cylinder kit that ups the displacement from 3.6-3.9L. That even higher than the new GT3RS! Another helpful additive would be an ECU Chip made by Evolution Motorsports.

Thumbs up! Always impressed with a finely tuned Porsche!

Breaking Bad : Season 2 : Episode 8: “Better Call Saul”

Walt and Jesse prepare for illegal activity.

Just when Walt and Jesse think it’s safe to buy a money-counting machine, one of their dealers (or are they considered thoroughbreds now?) is nabbed by the cops. Time to call in the next essential component of a smooth-running drug operation, the criminal lawyer. In this post, I’ll be talking about Walt’s exam paper.

You can read more about this episode at AMC, IMDb and the A.V. Club.

The midterm exam

Towards the end of the episode, just before Saul enters the classroom, it’s possible to sneak a look at the exam papers Walt is marking. This term’s topic is apparently physical chemistry (thermodynamics and the properties of gases).

A mass of air occupies a volume of 5.7 l at a pressure of 0.52 atm. What is the pressure if the same mass of air at the same temperature is transferred to a 2.0 l container?

This question is a straightforward application of Boyle’s Law, which states:

Hence:

The gas inside a piston was heated until the volume of gas had increased from 125 ml to 850 ml. If the temperature inside the piston was originally 15 °C, calculate the new temperature in °C. Pressure remains constant.

This time, we have a straightforward application of Charles’s Law, which states:

The slight twist in this problem is that Charles’s Law, and indeed virtually all relationships in the sciences, require the temperature to be expressed as a thermodynamic temperature. This is an absolute temperature scale, measured in kelvins (K) where 0 K (absolute zero) represents the complete absence of any thermal energy. We can easily convert to the Celsius scale, as the scale divisions are identical and 0 K = -273.15 °C (hence 0 °C = 273.15 K).

Hence:

Elements in the credits

I’m not sure why Michael Slovis wasn’t assigned iodine (I), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), oxygen (O) or vanadium (V).

Midagi mootorite maailmast. Kolb ja keps olid alustatud juba mõnda aega tagasi ühe teise tätoveerija poolt, ma ise ei ole veel jõudnud nendega väga tegeleda. Asusime esimese hooga hoopis tiibu tegema. Täna lasin ühele ka värvid sisse. Suleotstesse tuleb veel laimirohelist ja siia-sinna lillakat ja roosat ehk jne. Aega veel läheb.
Nõel: 11round liner, 15Magnum2
Tint: K, I Aquamarine, I Light Blue, I Bright Yellow

Something for gearheads. Piston and rod we’re already there, made by another tat2artist before I got my hands on it. But I have’nt done much about the piston-n-stuff yet. Instead we started with the wings and today I already added the colours in it. There’s gonne be some limegreen on the tips of feathers and maybe some purple and pink also… We’ll see, there’s lot’s to do anyway.
Needle: 11round liner, 15Magnum2
Ink: K, I Aquamarine, I Light Blue, I Bright Yellow

Seperti manusia, mesin juga bisa melakukan protes bila layanan dan perlakuan yang diberikan pemiliknya tidak layak. Salah satu contoh yang sering terjadi adalah penggunaan jenis bahan bakar. Pada bahasan ini, dikhususkan untuk mesin bensin.

Kalau bahan bakar yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditentukan, mesin juga bisa sakit perut. Kinerjanya tidak lancar dan nantinya bisa sakit-sakitan.  Kondisinya tentu saja lebih parah lagi bila kondisi bahan bakar tercemar!Contohnya adalah penggunaan bensin premium untuk mesin-mesin dengan perbandingan kompresi tinggi, yaitu di atas 9,5: 1. Padahal mesin-mesin sekarang, agar efisisien, perbandingan kompresi tinggi. Beberapa mobil yang dipasarkan di Indonesia malah ada yang mencapai 11: 1

Mesin dengan perbandingan kompresi tinggi tidak bisa bekerja dengan baik bila diberi premium. Kalaupun dipaksa – meski tetap bekerja –  kemampuannya menghasilkan tenaga tidak maksimal. Saat digeber, tidak bisa lari. Ini tandanya mesin protes!

Susah Disulut

Di tanah air, disediakan tiga jenis bensin yang dibedakan berdasarkan nilai oktan. Masing-masing: premium (88), Pertamax Biru (92) dan Pertamax Plus (95). Merek lain seperti Shell memberi label produknya dengan Super (92) dan Super Extra (95). Semakin tinggi oktan bensin, makin mahal harganya.

Faktor harga tersebutlah yang menyebabkan pengguna mobil lebih memilih premium. Apalagi bila harga diturunkan lagi. Perbedaan harga yang makin besar membuat pemilik mobil makin tergoda beralih ke premium. Pasalnya, mereka memperoleh keuntungan biaya operasional yang makin murah. Namun korbannya adalah mesin dan lingkungan.

Dengan nilai oktan lebih rendah, premium lebih sensitif atau mudah mengalami gejala yang disebut “menembak”. Bahasa kerennya, “auto-ignition” atau pembakaran terjadi dengan sendirinya. Padahal pembakaran harus dipicu oleh bunga api yang dipercikan oleh busi. Waktunya pun telah ditentukan (ignition timing).

Bilangan oktan adalah indikator bensin “tidak mudah terbakar dengan sendirinya”. Makin tinggi bilangan oktan, semakin tinggi kemampuannya melawan godaan untuk terbakar sendiri. Sebaliknya, makin rendah oktannya, gampang tersulut dan terbakar tanpa harus “dikompori” busi.

Efisiensi

Untuk sebuah mesin yang mampu bekerja dengan efisiensi tinggi, yang diperlukan bukan bahan bakar yang mudah terbakar pada suhu lebih rendah. Tetapi bahan bakar yang menghasilkan ledakan besar pada suhu lebih tinggi dan terjadi dalam waktu singkat alias spontan.

Efisiensi yang lebih tinggi hanya diperoleh dengan membuat perbandingan kompresi mesin juga tinggi. Untuk mesin bensin, paling tinggi dibatasi 12: 1. Namun yang umum digunakan saat ini, terutama setelah maraknya teknologi injeksi yang bekerja secara elektronik adalah 9,5 – 11 : 1.

Pada mesin-mesin lama yang masih menggunakan karburator, hubungan antara perbandingan kompresi dengan nilai oktan tidak bisa ditawar (lihat tabel). Sedangkan pada mesin dengan sistem injeksi berdasarkan penelitian masih bisa menggunakan nilai oktan yang lebih rendah berkisar 5-7 poin. Misalnya, perbandingan kompresi 10: 1, masih bisa menggunakan bensin 95 atau 92.

Disamping itu, mesin dengan sistem injeksi sudah dilengkapi dengan “knock sensor” atau sensor gejala menembak. Bila terjadi gejala menembak, komputer akan mengatur waktu pengapian secara otomatis. Komputer mengubah jadwal busi memicu api lebih cepat atau memajukannya. Kalau tidak ada gejala menembak, komputer akan mengembalikannnya ke kondisi semula.

Merusak Mesin

Gejala menembak atau auto-igniton sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan mesin. Selain kemampuannya menghasilkan tenaga tidak maksimal, kemungkinan organ utama mesin mengalami kerusakan dini lebih besar. Kalau sudah begini, tentu saja daya tahan atau umur pakainya jadi pendek. Bahkan, kalau pun harus harus diperbaiki dan beberapa komponen ditransplantasi, biaya perawatannya  justru membengkak. Kemungkinan lain mogok!

Organ utama mesin yang sering kena sasaran tembak “auto ignition” adalah piston (puncaknya berlubang ) atau setangnya (bengkok). Karena getaran yang ditimbulkan besar, kerusakan lain yang bisa terjadi adalah keuasan pada dinding piston dan silinder.

Bensin di dalam mesin mengalami “auto ignition” karena terbakar bakar pada suhu lebih rendah. Saat piston memampatkan udara dan bahan bakar (bergerak menunju titik mati atas atau TMA) di dalam mesin, mengakibatkan suhu udara naik dan tinggi.  Suhu tinggi itulah yang menyebabkan bensin terbakar.

Kalau bahan bakar mudah terbakar pada suhu lebih rendah, dengan sendiri akan terbakar tanpa harus disulut oleh busi. Pembakaran seperti itu menimbulkan ledakan kuat dan tidak bisa dikontrol. Kondisi itulah yang merusak piston.

Di samping itu, karena ledakan terjadi sangat kuat, sebelum piston mencapai TMA sudah harus dipaksa kembali ke bawah atau titi mati bawah (TMA). Akibatnya, kerja mesin jadi tidak mulus atau “mbrebet”.

Lebih parah lagi, setelah bensin terbakar dengan sendirinya, busi juga membakar bahan bakar di sekitarnya. Timbul lagi ledakan! Keduanya saling bertabrakan. Daya rusaknya pun makin besar!Mesin Lama – Peluang terjadinya gejala menembak juga sangat besar pada mesin lama. Terutama bila ruang bakar sudah dipenuhi kerak atau arang. Kerak yang menumpuk di puncak piston dan kepala silinder, menyebabkan kompresi menjadi tinggi. Di samping itu, saat suhu tinggi, arang tersebut juga akan membara dan merupaka pemicu tambahan terjadi gejala menembak atau detonasi.

Kerak menumpuk di ruang bakar karena proses pembakaran berlangsung tidak sempurna. Di samping itu, bisa pula karena komponen mesin, seperti ring piston atau piston, sil katup aus. Akibatnya, oli masuk ke mesin dan lama-lama membentuk kerak. Kemungkinan lain, campuran terlalu kaya, busi kotor dan tidak memercikan api dengan optimal.

Sebagai informasi, semakin tinggi suatu tempat, kebutuhan terhadap oktan justru turun. Setiap perubahan ketinggian 300 meter, kebutuhan nilai oktan turun satu poin.

Bensin berkualitas di Amerika Serikat sekarang ini tidak hanya ditentukan berdasarkan pada nilai oktan. Unsur lainnya adalah kandungan deterjen. Bila kandungan deterjen melebihi takaran minimal yang telah ditentukan EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), bensin itu disebut Top Tier.

Tabel hubungan antara perbandingan kompresi dengan kebutuhan nilai oktan bensin.

Ditulis oleh: Bro Sabdho #022 diolah dari Kompas