The recently published list of the Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations, as derived by Innovest, is based on a comprehensive analysis of organisations on four factors; Strategic Governance, Human Capital, Environment and Stakeholder (Not Shareholder) Capital. The Forbes article has been quick to point out that three most admired organisations as of today, Google, Apple and Microsoft, have not featured on the risk because of reasons very particular to them. The way I see it, the factor that stands true for all three of them is that they were all Entrepreneurial ventures to begin with, with clear cut leaders and focus areas. The fact that none of the entrepreneurs behind these three will survive a 100 years, at least two won’t even last another 25 years, is a very important factor. The one attribute common, as per my understanding, to the organisations that do feature on the list is that a majority of them don’t have clear cut leaders on which are the face of the organisation, as is the case with both Apple and Microsoft, are not there. They don’t actually have a face of the organisation, but the organisation itself is a brand in itself, whether through its products/services, logos or size. This is possibly why the authors of the article have stuck to companies without a person representative of their brand. I personally could not think of one person whom I could relate to any of these corporations, which is probably why they are actually sustainable since the responsibility of the organisations representation lays with the organisation itself, and not just with the Entrepreneur himself.

Michelin, the world’s second largest tyre maker, is an Entrepreneurial venture started by André and Edouard Michelin in 1888 to address a gap in the market. It was started when a cyclist with a busted pneumatic tyre approached the brothers, who ran a rubber factory at the time, to fix it. Upon their analysis of the tyre and the fact that it was glued to the rim of the bicycle, they identified a gap in the market in the form of a ‘removable pneumatic tyre’ which didn’t need to be glued to the rim to function properly and could be replaced faster than the conventional pneumatic tyres which took a couple of hours to dry. The brothers filed a patent for the same in 1891.Thereon, the organisation has made a large number of innovations, from improving the design of the pneumatic tyre to the Radial tyre in 1941 to the ActiveWheel system which has motors built into the wheel, and is to be launched in 2012. Michelin is the creator of, arguably the most recognized trademarks in the world, The Michelin Man or Bibendum, which was introduced in 1898 and represents Michelin in over 150 countries. Bibendum is essentially a man made out of numerous stacks of tyres and is used by the organisation in various promotional related activities across the world, and is shown doing a variety of activities in Michelins advertisements.

Innovation then runs in the blood of Michelin. This, for me, is the most prominent feature of an entrepreneurial venture as it is the factor that distinguishes the entrepreneur from the businessman. An Entrepreneur innovates existing products/services and creates one that is more functional or utilitarian, which is exactly what the Michelin brothers established. With tweaks in the design of the pneumatic tyre, they managed to have it grab the rim of the wheel without actually gluing the tyre which essentially allowed the repairing of tyres to become a much quicker and easier job. This transformed the entire industry to develop into what we know it as now. Had this innovation not been thought of, we’d be carrying glue in the back of our vehicles along with the spare tyre. To prove the usability of their version of the pneumatic tyre, the brothers actually scattered nails on the road during a cycle race and depicted to the people there the superiority of their tyre over the conventional tyres. The organisation then went on to focusing on developing tyres for Cars and eventually partnered with Citroën to develop the Radial type tyre.

Michelin, as an organisation, has grown exponentially in the past, especially with the grown in the global auto sector post-world war 2, which was followed by two decades worth of stagnancy, and then growth again beginning the late 1980’s, during which Michelin picked up OEM, or Original Equipment Manufacturer, contracts with General Motors, Volkswagen and Volvo to name a few. The evolution of Michelin as a company was stupendously fast during the first five decades of its existence, mostly because the tyre market was still maturing, along with the auto industry. Off late, especially in the last three decades, Michelins growth has primarily been focussed on motorsports, primarily Le Mans and A1 GP. The primary reason for this focus, as Michelin puts it, is to help develop better tyres for street cars and motorbikes alike. This has proved to be of some substance with Michelin coming up with continual augmentations being made to tyres already being produced. With a decade of research and few tweaks, Michelin has managed to improve its Energy Saver tyres, which reduce fuel consumption by 0.2 litres per 100 Kilometres, and consequently reduce CO2 emissions by up to 4 grams per kilometre. Another innovation which the company is working on is the ‘Tweel’. The Tweel is a replacement for the very invention that took Michelin from Zero to Hero, the Radial tyre. The Tweel is made out of rubber and doesn’t need any air; instead the spokes of the wheel twist and bend as opposed to staying fixed solid. This not only allows for a more comfortable ride as the surface area of the tyre and the wheel are incorporated, but also allows for more flexibility and of course, punctures will be history once this tyre is put into use. These are just few of the many innovations Michelin is working on, which is why it features on the Forbes 100 list of companies that will survive a 100 years. Another reason why Michelin features on the Forbes 100 list is probably that they’re not afraid to admit failure and pull out of a non-profitable or unviable business. They did so with both Formula 1 and MotoGP because they understood that their products weren’t competent enough to go head to head with the master of all circuit racing tyres, Bridgestone. They do, however, still supply tyres to A1 GP and a host of other races where they know they have the cost advantage. This also is conceivably Michelins Achilles heel. Simply because they could not match the functional superiority of Bridgestone, they packed their bags and bid adieu as opposed to developing their product to meet the rigorous requirements of the pinnacle motorsport divisions. 

Michelins success, at least the way I see it, can be attributed to innovation, and by innovation, I refer specifically to those which were required by the market. The fact that Michelin have been able to sustain their spot in the global tyre market, even when competitors with differentiated, and sometimes superior, products have come in to snatch away segments of the market, is a symbol of their unwavering spirit to succeed, which has primarily been done through a deep, clear understanding of market trends and providing what actually mattered, as opposed to anything out of the sandbox. Whether it’s the Energy Saver Tyres, or the Tweel or the ActiveWheel, they are all innovations which have purely been derived out of the need of the market, and not as an attempt to display technological or operational superiority. Michelin, hence, can, and will, survive over a hundred years, because they don’t just change the rules of the game, they change the entire game.

References:

http://www.michelin.com

http://www.michelinman.com

http://www.michelin-passion.com/passion/home/en/home.jsp?lang=EN

http://www.forbes.com/2009/01/28/long-lived-companies-leadership_0128_sustainability.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin

The feedback we have received from parishioners regarding our renovation process has been very helpful.  Some of the comments that have been made by parishioners have reflected concerns around the way seating could be arranged in a renovated space.

At this point, we have not made any decisions about the way the seating will be arranged.  Our consultation with parishioners has led to our desire to consider the seating arrangement with these two broad goals in mind:

1. Improving the sense of parishioners being gathered around the table of the Word (ambo) and the table of the Eucharist (altar)
2. Bringing the assembly into closer proximity with the ambo and altar, placing them closer to the centre of the Eucharistic action.

To help people understand more about seating arrangements, the upcoming Liturgy Links articles will explain four common seating arrangements that have been used in Catholic churches:

• The Processional arrangement
• The Antiphonal arrangement
• The Radial arrangement, and
• The Central arrangement

Remember that you can ask questions, make suggestions or comments about the renovation process at any time.  To help with this, you can make a written submission and place it in the “Renovation Mailbox” at the display in the parish centre.

Si, se venció finalmente el mapeo de dominio que había hecho con la gente de WordPress… como me daba muchos dolores de cabeza a la hora de actualizar, de cambiar apariencias y demás, finalmente me decidí a poner un servidor de una buena vez por todas…

Seguimos saliendo al aire y estamos a full transmitiendo. La nueva cara la podes ver en Página Oficial del Programa Guerreros del Universo!!!

Los esperamos a todos ahí donde tenemos un chat y otras cositas interesantes!!!

Saludos y Gracias por seguir estando!

Bishoujo Senshi

What we are accomplishing: Creating a radial gradient feather, as opposed to just the directional gradient feather.

The new feather gradient tool is a great asset for any designer.  However, just selecting it from the toolbar won’t always give you the affect you are looking for.  To apply a radial feather gradient, you will need to open your drop down transparency menu located at the top of your screen (CS4).  Here you will have options such as “transparency”, “feather” and “gradient feather.”  Select “gradient feather” to open the gradient feather panel.  Once here, you will be presented with options that are very similar to a regular gradient.  There will be a gradient bar with a black and white swatch at either end.  Right below this is the linear/radial gradient option.  Select the drop down box and select radial.  Viola!  You now have a radial gradient applied to your object!  You can also adjust the the black and white swatches to change the effect of the gradient feather.

Don’t forget to leave comments or suggestions on my posts.  I enjoy compliments and constructive criticism.

KOMPOSISI GRID

Grid adalah suatu sistem perpotongan dua garis-garis sejajar atau lebih yang berjarak teratur. Grid membentuk suatu pola geometrik dari titik-titik yang berjarak teratur pada perpotongan garis-garis grid dan bidang-bidang beraturan yang dibentuk oleh garis-garis grid itu sendiri.
Grid yang paling umum adalah yang berdasarkan bentuk geometri bujur sangkar. Karena kesamaan demensi dan sifat semetris dua arah, grid bujur sangkar pada prinsipnya, tak berjenjang dan tak berarah. Grid bujur sangkar dapat digunakan sebagai skala yang membagi suatu permukaan menjadi unit-unit yang dapat dihitung dan memberikannya suatu tekstur tertentu. Grid bujur sangkar juga dapat digunakan untuk menutup beberapa permukaan suatu bentuk dan menyatukannya dengan bentuk geometri yang berulang dan mendalam.
Bujur sangkar, bila diproyeksikan kepada dimensi ketiga, akan menimbulkan suatu jaringan ruang dari titik-titik dan garis-garis referensi. Di dalam kerangka kerja modular ini, beberapa bentuk dan ruang dapat diorganisir secara visual

KOMPOSISI LINIER

Komposisi Linier merupakan komposisi yang mempunyai punggung dan mempunyai muka. Ruang linier ini bisa diperpanjang ke samping-samping tanpa mengubah karakternya tersebut.
Ruang tipe linier ini hanya berubah ketika diperluas ke muka sehingga ketebalannya bertambah.
Pada komposisi linier ruang dapat mengalirkan dan diteruskan hingga memiliki panjang yang tidak berujung, maka aliaran ruang komposisi linier dapat dihentikan oleh suatu bentuk (penambahan dinding masif / sirkulasi) atau ruang yang dominan (penambahan ruang / open space).

Penjelasan : Karena panjang karakternnya, ruang komposisi linier dapat mengalir dan diteruskan hingga memiliki panjang yang tidak berujung. Untuk membatasi alirannya, ruang komposisi linier dapat dihentikan oleh suatu bentuk (penambahan dinding masif / sirkulasi) atau ruang yang dominan (penambahan ruang / open space) dengan adanya tempat masuk yang menonjol dan tegas, atau penggabungan dengan bentuk bangunan lain atau karena keadaan topografi tapaknya.

KOMPOSISI TERPUSAT
Merupakan komposisi terpusat dan stabil yang mengelilingi sebuah ruang pusat yang luas dan dominan.
Komposisi terpusat menuntut adanya dominasi secara visual dalam keteratuan geometris, bentuk yang harus ditempatkan terpusat, misalnya seperti bola, kerucut, ataupun silinder. Oleh karena sifatnya yang terpusat, bentuk-bentuk tersebut sangat ideal sebagai struktur yang berdiri sendiri, dikelilingi oleh lingkunganya, mendominasi sebuah titik didalam ruang, atau menempati pusat suatu bidang tertentu. Bentuk ini dapat menjadi symbol tempat-tempat yang suci atau penuh penghormatan, atau untuk mengenang kebesaran seseorang atau suatu peristiwa.

KOMPOSISI CLUSTER

Komposisi cluster merupakan sekumpulan bentuk-bentuk yang tergabung bersama-sama karena saling berdekatan atau saling memberikan kesamaan sifat visual.
Berdasarkan fleksibilitasnya, organisasi kelompok bentuk-bentuk dapat diorganisir dengan berbagai cara sebagai berikut:
1. Dapat dikaitkan sebagai anggota tambahan terhadap suatu bentuk atau ruang induk yang lebih besar
2. Dapat dihubungkan dengan mendekatkan diri untuk menegaskan dan mengekspresikan volumenya sebagai suatu kesatuan individu.
3. Dapat menghubungkan volume-volumenya dan bergabung menjadi suatu bentuk tunggal yang memiliki suatu variasi tampak
Suatu organisasi kelompok dapat juga terdiri dari bentuk-bentuk yang umumnya setera dalam ukuran, wujud dan fungsi. Bentuk-bentuk ini secara visual disusun menjadi sesuatu yang koheren, organisasi nonhirarki, tidak hanya melalui jarak yang saling berdekatan namun juga melalui kesamaan sifat visual yang dimilikinya.

KOMPOSISI RADIAL

Komposisi radial terdiri dari atas bentuk-bentuk linier yang berkembang dari suatu unsure inti terpusat kearah luar menurut jari-jarinya. Bentuk ini menggabungkan aspek-aspek pusat dan linier menjadi satu komposisi.
Inti tersebut dapat dipergunakan baik sebagai symbol ataupun sebagai pusat fungsional seluruh organisasi. Posisinya yang terpusat dapat dipertegas dengan suatu bentuk visual dominan, atau dapat digabungkan dan menjadi bagian dari lengan-lengan radialnya.
Lengan-lengan radial memiliki sifat-sifat dasar yang serupa dengan bentuk linier, yaitu sifat ekstrovertnya. Lengan-lengan radial dapat menjangkau ke luar dan berhubungan atau meningkatkan diri dengan sesuatu yang khusus di suatu tapak. Lengan-langan radial dapat membuka permukaanya yang diperpanjang untuk mencapai kondisi sinar matahari, angin, pemandangan atau ruang yang diinginkan.
Organisasi bentuk radial dapat dilihat dan dipahami dengan sempurna dari suatu titik pandang di udara. Bila dilihat dari muka tanah, kemungkinan besar unsure pusatnya tidak akan dengan jelas, dan pola penyeberan lengan-lengan linier menjadi kabur atau menyimpang akibat pandangan perspektif.

Kind of an obvious title there for this post.  However, it never stops being true.

Today was my 2nd real day on the floor, and I had a different patient this time.  My patient assignment today was a 40-year-old woman with metastatic pancreatic cancer.  I didn’t really know what to expect from her condition, but it was a great day.  Pancreatic cancer is a very tough one to deal with, as it mostly presents “silently,” in that it’s often insidious in nature and folks don’t even know about it until it’s too late.  The late Patrick Swayze fought pancreatic cancer for over 2 years, which was an amazing achievement in and of itself.  “Metastatic pancreatic cancer” means that the cancer, which originally began in the pancreas, has spread to other organs.  If it spreads to the bone, for example, it is not then called “bone cancer.”  It’s still pancreatic cancer, but metastasized.  In light of this, my patient’s spirits seemed to be okay today.  She was on an incredible amount of medication.  One of our instructors said recently, “Cancer pain should be an entirely different category of pain altogether.”

The first thing I had to do was perform the head-to-toe assessment.  This was essentially my first time doing this, as last week I had some difficulties in assessing my patient.  Anyway, I spent some time perusing her chart, just to get a good feel of the course of her hospital stay.  This took about 20 minutes or so.  After this I took a thermometer to her room, washed my hands, and then entered.  I introduced myself to her and her husband, and then took her temperature.  It’s sad to say, but she’s obviously done all this before — she’s been through way too much.

After taking her temperature, I took the thermometer back to the nurses’ station where they keep them, and returned to her room.  Unfortunately, one of the doctors beat me back there and had closed the door.  Had the doctor come in when I was in there, I would have stayed and listened to what she had to say, but in this case, I stayed out and waited until she was gone … about 10 minutes later.

Anyway, by this point her husband had left, and I went in for my assessment.  An interesting tidbit:  as I was starting my assessment (I was taking her vital signs, starting with her radial and apical pulses), I noticed that … my hands were shaking!  Also, I felt the beginnings of sweat on my upper lip.  Yikes.  Hopefully she didn’t notice, but if she did, she was certainly very sweet about it.  She was simply exhausted, and was probably in no mood to have some newbie nursing student awkwardly performing an assessment on her.  She just wanted to take a nap, and here I was, poking and prodding and generally just being in the way.  I spent about the next 10 minutes doing my assessment.  She seemed relieved, after I was done, to be able to get in a little nap.  I left her room and headed back to the nurses’ station.

During the course of the next few hours I would periodically poke my head in her room and ask whether everything was okay.  The rest of my time I spent developing my Patient Data Sheet.  This is a form that’s all-encompassing in its breadth, and lists just about everything you can think of.  It took most of us a few hours to complete this form.  The majority of the information was found in the patient’s chart, which is held in a little carousel at the nurses’ station.

You know … it felt very weird to have access to all of these things.  I’ve spent some significant time in hospitals, but I’ve always been a patient or a visitor.  Never been someone who’s actually allowed in the “Staff Only” areas.  It’s bizarre to me that I can just walk into the nurses’ station, pull out a patient’s chart, and have access to everything therein — all that personal information … all that medical information … all that history!  It’s just crazy.  Also, now when visitors come onto our floor, they’re asking me where things are.  Again … crazy!

It was extremely interesting to sit at the computer in the hallway for a while and look up all the tests/labs/procedures that my patient has undergone in her duration of stay.  We’re starting to learn all the different lab values and what they mean — when potassium is high or low; why the white blood cell counts (WBCs) might rise or fall; what ALT and AST mean (NOTE:  I’m not entirely sure yet myself), etc etc.

The highlight of my day was definitely popping in quickly and asking my patient whether she needed anything.  She never did, but it just felt “right” to be checking on her.  The last time I checked on her, about 7:45PM, her sister was visiting and they were chatting.  They were funny — they “quizzed” me on what two medical terms meant … in Latin. For the record, they wanted to know the Latin for NPO and PRN (which mean “nothing by mouth” and “as needed,” respectively).  I was thoroughly stumped, and admitted I was a giant failure of a nursing student and should probably never come back, and we had a nice little laugh.  It was nice to be teased a bit — maybe my hazing was beginning.  Felt like maybe, just maybe, I was starting to bond with my patient.  Felt great!

Anyway, I didn’t know the Latin for NPO or PRN, but as soon as I left her room, I took out my PDA and looked up both terms to see what the Latin was.  After this, I took out a piece of paper, started writing, and then slipped into the patient’s room and handed her the following note, folded up with her name on the front:

Dear [Patient's Name],

NPO = nil per os = nothing by mouth

PRN = pro re nata = as needed

See you tomorrow!

Ken

Then, before she could open it, I wished her and her sister a great night, her a good night’s rest, and quietly left the room.  I was happy to see a big smile on her face as she started to open the note.

We then had Post-Conference, during which our instructor just told us what to expect for tomorrow — more of assessing the patient, completing our Patient Data Sheet, and starting to document all of this in the computer charting system.  I will have the same patient tomorrow — looking forward to seeing how she’s doing.

After leaving the hospital, M2, L, and I spent some quality time at WaWa … and now I’m sitting at home watching the DVR of the Phillies’ win over the Rockies from this afternoon!

More to come about this patient tomorrow …

A parte de ser uno de los libros escritos por Stephen  Jay Gould, es una clara evidencia a favor de la teoría de la selección natural. ¿Que tiene de particular el panda en su pulgar? Realmente nada, su pulgar es igual al del resto de osos y mamíferos, obviamente con ligeras diferencias. La gran diferencia reside en la aparición de un sexto dedo en las palmas de los pandas, las cuales les son de gran utilidad a la hora de rascar/cortar el bambú para comérselo. Exteriormente da la sensación de tener un sexto dedo, pero análisis mas detallados dieron la conclusión de que no se trata de un dedo realmente. Mas bien es una modificación de un hueso conocido como sesamoideo radial y de la musculatura que acompaña a este. Con esto, logra que el hueso posea movimiento. Este claro ejemplo de evolución fue el que utilizo Jay Gould para demostrar que la evolución no sigue un camino perfecto, pues si no hubiera aparecido un pulgar, cuando realmente no lo es. También ayuda a comprender que los órganos no surgen de novo, es decir, que no aparecen de la nada, debe de existir una base. Para más y mejor información os recomiendo el libro, El pulgar del Panda de Stephen Jay Gould en el que trata de este tema y un gracioso ejemplo del que mas adelante hablare sobre como “evolucionarían” las orejas de Mickey Mouse y otros muchos temas.

A obra de revitalização da avenida 28 de Setembro, antiga Radial A, será anunciada, na segunda-feira (28/09), pelo prefeito Luiz Caetano durante as atividades comemorativas dos 251 anos de Camaçari.

Na ocasião, será assinada a ordem de serviço para o inicio das intervenções. O projeto beneficia cerca de 5 mil pessoas, entre moradores e comerciantes.

As ordens de serviços serão liberadas por etapa. A primeira compreende o trecho do bairro do Triângulo e vai até a transversal da avenida Concêntrica.

As obras começam na terça-feira (29/09), com a demolição das estruturas, retirada de entulhos, rebaixamento do solo, e instalação de tubulação de utilidade (luz, água e esgoto). A revitalização está prevista para ficar pronta em cinco meses. O investimento municipal é de R$ 2 milhões.

Nos próximos dias, o prefeito vai apresentar o projeto à comunidade. A finalidade do encontro é mostrar os benefícios da obra que, além de deixar a cidade mais bonita, valoriza os imóveis e dar mais segurança aos moradores e comerciantes da região.

Para o proprietário da loja Lindaxan, localizada ao longo da avenida, Daniel Edson Cruz, a iniciativa é extremamente positiva, além de refletir nas vendas, melhora o fluxo de carros que passam a contar com mais opções para estacionar. “Se vai refletir no aumento das vendas, que venham mais obras”, brinca.

OBRAS
As obras incluem nova pavimentação, colocação de meio fio, calçadas, rampas de acesso para pessoas com deficiência, sistema de iluminação pública, e trabalhos paisagísticos. A avenida vai ganhar ainda cesta de lixos, totem de informações e pontos de ônibus. Por último, serão construídos os quiosques de utilidade e serviços.

Todos os pontos comerciais que ocupam o passeio público serão transferidos para uma nova área, próxima a praça da Noite, na Gleba A. Os comerciantes mudarão o ramo de atividade já que a venda de bebida alcoólica será proibida. Quem não tiver interesse pode optar pela indenização.

A Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Urbano (Sedur) está desenvolvendo normas e procedimentos para adaptação do comércio local, tendo em vista a desocupação do espaço público e o ordenamento das vias. Com isso, os proprietários de lojas da avenida não poderão expor os produtos no passeio, o que favorece os pedestres.

Fonte Prefeitura de Camaçari

Today was the last day of Labs!  We had a fun scavenger hunt-type activity, where we visited 5 different rooms and tried to point out everything that was wrong about those rooms.  Some things were obvious (patient found lying on floor with his ankle broken and his gown off) and others were not so obvious (patient’s name incorrect on chart), but all mistakes were visible if we took the time to find them.  It was a fun day.

Then we were off to different rooms to be tested on our vital signs.  An instructor sat with us as we took vitals from another student:  radial pulse, apical pulse, blood pressure, and respirations.  I passed this test, and then K and I went to the Terminal Market for lunchie munchies.  Mmm …

Next week most of our other classes start, and then Wednesday/Thursday are my first 2 days in the hospital!  Exciting!  I think the first day is computer training (to learn how to chart and document everything you do), and then it’s off to the floor to meet my patients.  Cannot wait.

STAT OF THE DAY:  At this point in my education I have completed approximately 58 clinical hours!

Now I’m off to go pick up my bike and get a much-needed Slurpee.  Have a great weekend, everyone.

Los chicos de Comunicación participaron en la grabación del spot radial que se trasmite por RadioVox. Si no lo han escuchado todavía aquí se los dejo.

click aquí para escuchar el audio

El objetivo es motivar a la gente para que participe en el drill de comunicación, que se realizará todos los días de lunes a viernes a las 9 de la noche en el local del Gobierno Regional. Ya hay varios inscritos, pero todavía hay cupos para los/las que quieren entrar. Pueden ir el 4 de Septiembre al primer ensayo y enterarse de cómo se realizará todo este año. Ah, y ya hay tema de Olimpiadas 2009 pero no puedo revelarlo porque la Comisión de Olimpiadas me lo impide, pero está muy chévere, sólo puedo decir que es muy característico a la carrera de comunicación.

Cuidas que o genesíaco prazer,
Fome do átomo e eurítmico transporte
De todas as moléculas, aborte
Na hora em que a nossa carne apodrecer?!

Para ler o restante clique no link abaixo e conheçam nosso novo blog

http://www.poemasepensamentos.com.br/2009/08/25/volupia-imortal/

Hoy se pasearon los chicos de la comisión de olimpiadas 2009 diciendo que para la elección del tema de este año todos van a tener opción de participar. Antes, la comisión ancargada se reunía y entre ellos sacaban sus ideas para el tema, pero al parecer este año va a ser distinto.

El ánfora que está afuera de la oficina de Fernando Huamán, en una mesita junto a la Copa, es donde cualquiera puede meter en un papel el tema que quiera, solo tiene que explicar cómo sería el carro y el drill.

Creo que solo estará hasta la mitad de la próxima semana. Y para los oyentes de RadioVox, seguramente ya han escuchado este spot Radial que me cuentan que lo grabaron las Gemelas Caman jajaja y Margony Palacios. Si no lo han escuchado aquí se los dejo.

577 // August 18, 2009

Maybe you do or don’t know – I hate spiders and flying thingies in unnatural places (house, office, car…). However, being quite the outdoor-sy girl, I can say that holding my own in Mother Nature is different. I can handle it because I’m prepared and that is where these creatures should be.

That’s why when I come across a spider web as beautiful as this one where it belongs – outside – I find it absolutley beautiful. Wouldn’t you agree?

1. Study a freshly cut stem of an herbaceous and woody dicot and a monocot plant

1.2 What stem has the most prominent node and internode? Why?

Dicot.

2. Study a vigorously growing coleus plant.

2. 1 Where do new leaves and internodes originate?

Nodes.

3. Study a longitudinal section of a coleus shoot apex under the LPO and observe the following: promeristem, leaf primordium, and primary meristems.

3.1 Tabulate the differences between a shoot tip and root tip.

Root tip has neither a leaf primordia nor axillary buds. Shoot tip has no root cap.

5. Follow the subsequent development of the stem tissues by examining cut sections from the uppermost to the lowermost internodes of coleus.

5.1 In which internode do you find differentiated tissues?

Lower internodes.

6. Study a prepared slide or free-hand section of a monocot stem.

6.2 How do primary tissues of this stem differ from those in coleus?

Monocot vascular bundles are scattered and the ground tissue isn’t partitioned into pith and cortex.

7. Focus on a single vascular bundle of a monocot stem under the LPO.

7.2 What is the pattern of xylem differentiation in the stem?

endarchy

7.3 Tabulate the anatomical differences between a monocot and dicot stem.

Monocot: scattered vascular bundles, no distinction between pith and cortex, no cambium, no secondary thickening.

Dicot: vascular bundles in a ring

8. Examine prepared slides of a woody dicot and pine stems. Study the different tissues under a compound microscope.

8.1 Which tissues constitute the bulk of the stem?

Secondary xylem

8.2 What tissues may have produced the additional cells? How do you account for this?

Vascular cambium. Secondary growth.

8.3 What protective tissue)s) is/are present in your specimen?

Periderm

8.4 What do you call the region with the loosely arranged parenchyma cells? What is its function?

Lenticel for gas diffusion.

8.5 Do you see companion cells and vessel elements in the pine stem?

Yes

8.6 Do you observe resin ducts and secretory cells in your specimens?

Yes

9. Examine cross, radial and tangential sections of a dicot and pine wood.

9.1 Differentiate the arrangement, shape and size of the wood rays in each section of the two specimens.

Cross section: Thin strands

Radial: Box-like

Tangetial: Pod-like

9.2 Tabulate the similarities and differences between a dicot and pine stem

Dicot: No resin canal

10. Examine various modified stems

Plant Specimen – Modification – Function

Water hyacinth – Enlarged – Buoyancy

Potato – Tuber – Storage and Vegetative reproduction

Ginger – Rhizome – Storage

Grass – Stolon – Vegetative reproduction

Cactus – Photosynthetic stem – Photosynthesis

Notes:

Some answers differ for each class/group. You need to do the experiment.

For Table 6.1: Only monocot has leaf sheath and no petiole, only woody dicot has lenticels.

For 7.1:

From subtlerainbow's Multiply album.

Try find your way out of this world we call reality.

I often get wrapped up with ‘having to know the solution’, and I’m a sucker for a design challenge. My wife just loves it. If I just learned some equations, I wouldn’t understand the process.  That’s only useful in 1 instance, and not adaptable.  I gotta know how and why. Like when I was figuring center of gravity while calculating the direct material volume replacement for differing densities to achieve a target combined mass. That was the pinewood derby, using Inventor. (I established the equation using linear vector intersection,  and yes it is linear)

That’s what brings us to our current discussion, “arriving at the resulting angle of the edge of a cone as it passes through a plane that is neither radially or axially orthogonal to the centerline axis of the cone”. The farther off plane you get, the narrower the angle becomes.

We will cover the following topics:

• The Angle
• The Facts
• Model References
• The Trig

The Angle

I need to cut a truncated cone out of the head to create a skirt.  it needs to lie exactly on the edge of the dashed construction geometry line at the base of the pocket. 

We know that the Insert is angled at 30°, so why not feed that to it. So we will.

In the image above, the Green Dashed line adjacent to the target construction geometry, but the cut feature is nowhere near. The Difference is about 4.5°.  That is not what I had in mind.

The Facts

What we need to focus on are the simple facts, and nothing more.  Those  facts are as follows:

We need a cone, that touches 2 specified points, and aligned to a specific axis.

We need to focus on getting the cone to touch the specified points, not a specific angle. The edge of the cone creates a right triangle, and whose vertexes along the hypotenuse and are a specified distance from the perpendicular edge (the edge parallel to the cone axis).  We simply need to know those radial distances.

Knowing where you are going is half the journey.  We are halfway there. 

In the image above, you should notice the red sketch with dotted construction geometry, the Yellow work axis and work points, and the resulting blue sketch that represents the edge of the cone.

Model References

As I proceeded through this, I went on to create 3 references, but we will only discuss the inner 2.  I hope this does not cause too much confusion.

I tied a work axis to each of the target edges, and created work points along the axis at key locations shown above.

I projected a plane from the inner work point, perpendicular to the Z axis (the axis of the cone).

I created a sketch on that plane, projected that work point, and the Z axis, and applied a reference dimension from the axis to the work point. That’s what we needed right, the radial distance to the edge of the cone at a specified location.

Then I repeated the process again.  For this exercise I have modified the dimension names to be D1 (inner=6.017) and D2 (Mid or Lower=8.164). 

In the image above we have the triangular result.  This is important to understand. We have created a triangle that lies on a single plane, out of the facts scattered about on other planes.

At this point there is one more dimension we need, the Height.  We could get it by creating a sketch plane along the axis, and referencing a dimension for the distance between the 2 work planes along that axis.  I went a different way.  The fewer features, the more stable the model.

The Trig

We know the length of the short side of the triangle (the base in the example above) is the result of the difference of 2 Inventor Reference Distances, D2-D1.

Ddif = D2-D1 = 8.164 – 6.017 = 2.147

We know the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle, which is the edge of the insert base length.

SideLen = 5.173

We can determine the height ‘H’ by the A sqr x B Sqr = C sqr, and then feed that back into another equation, but we can cut a step out.  Try this.

AngRes (above denoted as ‘a’) = asin(Ddif/SideLen)

asin(2.174/5.173) = 24.5218°

Feed the Cut Extrusion with these values results:

Diameter  = D2 = 8.164

Taper = AngRes *-1 = –24.5218 deg

If you cared for your work feature properly, the cone will lie exactly as planned.

Gag the guy who just said “but the result is an arc”.  Yes it is, because we are not aligned to the axis, and a cone is circular. However, it does not change the fact that we only need 2 points to be precisely placed on the Cone.

This example was created with the fact that no Axial Rake Angle was present. Next time I will discuss what happens when you don’t plan for complex angles, and watch the tool design fall apart as you introduce the Axial Rake back in.  We will get you a better equation that takes 2 axis into account.

Check Back for Part 2

rotating from a hub to a rim

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