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	<title>robert-jackson &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://en.wordpress.com/tag/robert-jackson/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "robert-jackson"</description>
	<pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:25:29 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Brandywine Valley Visit]]></title>
<link>http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/brandywine-valley-visit/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2009 16:09:36 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>hnartisan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/brandywine-valley-visit/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Earlier this week Pat and Finnegan and I took a day off and drove over the river and through the woo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Earlier this week Pat and Finnegan and I took a day off and drove over the river and through the woods to visit Robert Jackson in his Kennet Square studio. Bob is a highly accomplished realist painter and a magnificently kind and generous spirited human. I&#8217;ve followed his work for a while now and after meeting for the first time earlier this year we&#8217;ve started down the road towards a friendship that I hope will endure well after we both can no longer lift our paint brushes.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a look inside his studio at Bob and his wall of boxes&#8230;</p>
<p><a href="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/bob-jackson.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1352" title="bob jackson" src="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/bob-jackson.jpg" alt="" width="497" height="662" /></a></p>
<p>To see some of his work and appreciate the skill of this story teller and his wonderfully rich sense of humor&#8230; <a href="http://robertcjackson.com/">click here.</a></p>
<p>We traveled a little further on down the pike to the <a href="http://www.brandywinemuseum.org/">Brandywine River Museum</a> to soak up some of the Wyeth family inspiration.</p>
<p><a href="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/museum.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1354" title="museum" src="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/museum.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="281" /></a></p>
<p>If you live in the area and have young children their model train display is a must see. And they currently have an exhibit featuring illustrations from Alice in Wonderland throughout the years. But it&#8217;s the magic of Snowy River that I go to see.</p>
<p><a href="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/snowy-river.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1355" title="snowy river" src="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/snowy-river.jpg" alt="" width="497" height="331" /></a></p>
<p>But with the sun setting earlier each day now we soon headed back home along the country roads&#8230;passing Amish farmers getting one more plow in before the coming snow&#8230;</p>
<p><a href="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/plowing-at-sunset.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1357" title="plowing at sunset" src="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/plowing-at-sunset.jpg" alt="" width="497" height="173" /></a></p>
<p>Since Kennet Square is also the mushroom capitol of the world we stopped at an organic farm and bought a giant box of freshly picked mushrooms to bring home for our first snow of the season tradition&#8230;mushroom soup.</p>
<p>Right on cue the biggest storm of this century is in full blizzard mode outside of the studio today. We&#8217;re right in the one to two feet swath and&#8230; with the heaviest snow yet to fall&#8230;I just may get to use that snow blower that has been sitting in the garage for three years now !</p>
<p>But first&#8230; the soup.  I&#8217;m too excited to paint.</p>
<p><a href="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_0349.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1358" title="snowy studio" src="http://hnartisan.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/img_0349.jpg" alt="" width="497" height="372" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Algorithmic Allure]]></title>
<link>http://anthem-group.net/2009/12/19/algorithmic-allure/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2009 02:07:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>PE</dc:creator>
<guid>http://anthem-group.net/2009/12/19/algorithmic-allure/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It is nice to learn from Graham Harman that his Bournemouth talk last year on Heidegger&#8217;s ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>It is nice to learn from Graham Harman that <a title="AIB talk" href="http://anthem-group.net/2008/02/08/recording-of-graham-harmans-talk-at-aib/" target="_blank">his Bournemouth talk</a> last year on Heidegger&#8217;s &#8220;origin of the work of art&#8221; essay has directly inspired this interesting forthcoming paper by Robert Jackson: “<a title="Jackson's abstract" href="http://doctorzamalek2.wordpress.com/2009/12/17/heidegger-harman-and-algorithmic-alllure/" target="_blank">Heidegger, Harman and Algorithmic Allure</a>.” That event was actually organised by <a title="Tammy Lu" href="http://tammylu.net/" target="_blank">Tammy Lu</a> at the Arts Institute at Bournemouth (since then  renamed as the <a title="AUCB" href="http://www.aucb.ac.uk/" target="_blank">Arts University College at Bournemouth</a>), although I was the one who took this crazy photo of Graham:</p>
<p><a href="http://anthem.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/graham_harman_hammer.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1401" title="graham_harman_hammer" src="http://anthem.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/graham_harman_hammer.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p>Three days later Graham gave another talk on “<a title="McLuhan talk recording" href="http://anthem-group.net/2008/02/08/recording-of-graham-harmans-talk-at-the-media-school-at-bournemouth-university/" target="_blank">The Greatness of McLuhan</a>” at the <a title="Bournemouth Media School" href="http://media.bournemouth.ac.uk/" target="_blank">Media School</a> at Bournemouth University. We posted the recordings of both talks on this blog and they both became quite popular, however the Heidegger talk has the edge: it has been downloaded 1,027 times since 8 February 2008, as opposed to the 884 downloads of the McLuhan talk.</p>
<p>Strangely, both of these talks are more popular than <a title="Harman's first LSE talk" href="http://anthem-group.net/2007/11/30/recording-of-graham-harmans-talk-on-heidegger-and-latour/" target="_blank">Harman&#8217;s first lecture</a> at the LSE  &#8220;On Actors, Networks, and Plasma: Heidegger vs. Latour vs. Heidegger&#8221; on 29 November 2007, which has been downloaded 778 times, even though that was the event that launched the Heideggero-Latourian project most explicitly. I would have thought that the juxtaposition of Heidegger and Latour and the invocation of Latour&#8217;s concept of the plasma would be provocatively alluring (or alluringly provocative) enough to attract more attention. But the most popular Harman download (besides the respectable 1,688 downloads of the <a title="recording of the Harman Review" href="http://anthem-group.net/2008/02/08/recording-of-the-harman-review-bruno-latours-empirical-metaphysics/" target="_blank">Harman Review</a> itself) seems to be his &#8220;<a title="Harman on DeLanda recording" href="http://anthem-group.net/2008/12/04/harman-on-delanda-recording-fixed/" target="_blank">Assemblages According to Manuel DeLanda</a>&#8221; from November 2008, with 1,385 downloads since then.</p>
<p>[Although I should hasten to add that these figures are somewhat misleading, as both the plasma talk and the Harman Review are also available on the LSE website, so probably just as many people if not more would have downloaded them from there. As for the DeLanda talk, it received a boost after being listed on <a title="Speculative Heresy resources" href="http://speculativeheresy.wordpress.com/resources/" target="_blank">Speculative Heresy</a>.]</p>
<p>Jackson&#8217;s paper sounds very interesting though, so I&#8217;ll reproduce his abstract here:</p>
<p><!--more--></p>
<blockquote><p>Abstract for “Heidegger and the Work of Art History”</p>
<p>Session at Association of Art Historians (AAH) Annual Conference, April 15-17, 2010,</p>
<p>Glasgow, UK.</p>
<p>“Heidegger, Harman and Algorithmic Allure”</p>
<p>Robert Jackson BA (Hons)</p>
<p>School of Computing, Communications and Electronics</p>
<p><a title="Art and Social Technologies" href="http://www.art-social.net/" target="_blank">Art and Social Technologies</a></p>
<p>Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth.</p>
<p>In recent years the contemporary philosopher Graham Harman has surfaced with a “realist” re-reading of Martin Heidegger‟s Tool-analysis, pushing it to its logical limits (Tool-Being – 2002). Dismissing Dasein as the root of truth for human beings, Harman instead argues that “Readiness-to-hand” and “Present-at-hand” are qualities available to all entities in the cosmos even if humans created such objects.</p>
<p>In January 2008 Harman‟s paper “On the Origin of the Work of Art (atonal remix)” attempts to perform an “object-oriented-philosophy” reading of Heidegger‟s influential essay on aesthetics, identifying Heidegger’s “strife” as a philosophical idea which escapes into the qualities of all objects and not just privileged artworks. But the extension of Heidegger’s strife hints to the idea of aesthetic “allure,” which Harman describes as “a special and intermittent experience in which the intimate bond between a thing’s unity and its plurality of notes somehow partly disintegrates.” “Allure” occurs when objects are split from their qualities, exhibiting tensions between its essence of “Being” and the way it has been described. Artworks, metaphors and jokes turn out not to be affecting features of human literary culture, but primordial constructions of the universe itself.</p>
<p>The paper will argue that these rich conceptualisations offer insightful commentary on technological artworks which utilise computational algorithms. I claim that artists such as John F Simon and Antoine Schmitt create generative and emergent aesthetic objects which display “allure” in all of their partial opacity, leading to the idea that technological artworks can propel vigorous independence, worlds away from superficial artificiality.</p></blockquote>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;"><em>“Heidegger, Harman and Algorithmic Allure”</em>“Heidegger, Harman and Algorithmic Allure”</div>
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<title><![CDATA[De Facto States, Quasi- States and the New Sovereignty Game]]></title>
<link>http://sovereignsphere.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/de-facto-states-quasi-states-and-the-new-sovereignty-game/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 12 Dec 2009 12:44:53 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>sovereignsphere</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sovereignsphere.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/de-facto-states-quasi-states-and-the-new-sovereignty-game/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Robert Jackson, former U.S. Attorney General Robert Jackson pioneered the term “new sovereignty game]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_148" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 242px"><a href="http://sovereignsphere.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/robert_jackson21.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-148" title="robert_jackson2" src="http://sovereignsphere.wordpress.com/files/2009/12/robert_jackson21.jpg?w=232" alt="" width="232" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Robert Jackson, former U.S. Attorney General</p></div>
<p>Robert Jackson pioneered the term “new sovereignty game: in which he identifies two main distinctions in the post 1945 world. (1) Rules can acquire independence or statehood solely in virtue of being successors of colonial government rather than having to demonstrate the ability to govern. (2) Weak states may no longer be deprived of their sovereignty through colonialism, conquest of partition. Accordingly, the new sovereignty game created a large number of quasi states – states that lack most capabilities protecting sovereignty, yet which have the same rights as all other state because of the principle of juridical equality of states.</p>
<p>The new sovereignty game created a second type of state: the de factor state. The same principle which uphold quasi states also prevent the acceptance of other groups regardless of how legitimate their grievances, how broad their popular support, or how effective their governance. It is evident that the new sovereignty regime has given birth to both quasi states and de facto states. In sum, quasi states have recognition but lacks capabilities and de facto states have capabilities but lacks recognition.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Cedar Fever Season: Juniperus ashei on the rise]]></title>
<link>http://cgwilliams.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/cedar-fever-season/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 06 Dec 2009 01:48:27 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Claire Williams</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cgwilliams.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/cedar-fever-season/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Cedar fever season &#8211; about three months of it - will start soon in some parts of the United St]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Cedar fever season &#8211; about three months of it - will start soon in some parts of the United States so this is the right time to write about what’s pertinent to conifer reproductive biology. The worst cases of cedar fever that I know about occur in the south-central part of the United States and pollen from <em>Juniperus ashei</em> Buchholz (or mountain cedar) is the culprit in this case.</p>
<p><strong>The bad news.</strong> Mountain cedar&#8217;s allergen-laden pollen is capable of moving at least 500 km from source and its concentrations are highest at night (3).</p>
<p>My best guess &#8211; and that of others - is that <em>Juniperus ashei</em> and some of its North American relatives will spread, not contract, as a species under prolonged drought. The ability of the adult sporophyte to withstand extreme drought is part of the reason but perhaps less known is that an unusual feature of its reproductive biology also plays a role.</p>
<p>Evidence for drought tolerance among <em>Juniperus</em> spp. is well-established, especially its hydraulic traits. As a result, many <em>Juniperus</em> species in North America are invading into drier areas because they can survive drought when other conifer species cannot (1). For example, juniper species in the American Southwest have expanded, not contracted, after severe droughts in 1996 and in 2002 even though pinyon pines have died back under the same conditions. And drought tolerance in the sprophyte stage is a characteristic shared by most of the 60 species worldwide: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean islands.</p>
<p>For more detail on this point, I suggest an article by Cynthia Willson and others published in the American Journal of Botany integrating evolutionary biology and physiological traits related to drought tolerance (1).  And the best source for J<em>uniperus</em> taxonomy is Prof. Robert Adams at Baylor University <a href="http://www.baylor.edu/biology/index.php?id=14989">http://www.baylor.edu/biology/index.php?id=14989</a>.</p>
<p>Now, the note about how its reproductive biology confers drought tolerance:</p>
<p>The reproductive biology of <em>Juniperus</em> spp. is another aspect to drought tolerance. <em>Juniperus</em> species do not have berries, just cones that look like berries. <strong>Just as pines do not have nuts, junipers do not have berries</strong>. The tiny female conelet or cone only looks like a berry. It actually has miniscule scales which are fleshy and tightly closed. After all, <em>Juniperus</em> spp. is a gymnosperm and gymnosperms have naked seeds, not fruits, nuts or berries.</p>
<p><em>Juniperus</em> spp. seeds, not just the adult sporophyte, can survive for decades after cone shed in dry conditions. These seeds are unusually long-lived (2): here are data for three juniper species (<em>Juniperus deppeana</em>; <em>J. monosperma</em>, <em>J. osteosp</em>erma) all of which are indigenous to the American Southwest:</p>
<p>Germination after dry storage from 1948-1957 (9 years)</p>
<p>J. deppeana 16%</p>
<p>J. monosperma 46%</p>
<p>J. osteosperma 25%</p>
<p>Germination after storage from 1912-1957 (45 years)</p>
<p>J. osteosperma 17%</p>
<p><strong>Junipers on the rise.</strong> Not only can the pollen move on meso-scale distances but its species range is likely to expand too. Taken together, this attribute &#8211; and the drought tolerance of the adult sporophyte - point to the strong probability that there will more <em>Juniperus </em>trees, not less, in response to climate change. <em>Juniperus ashei</em> and its North American relatives can not only tolerate drought but produce long-lived seeds which survive drought.</p>
<p>(1) Willson, C.J., P.S. Manos, R.B. Jackson. 2008. Hydraulic traits are influenced by phylogenetic history in the drought-resistant invasive genus <em>Juniperus</em> (Cupressaceae). Am. J. Bot. 95: 299-314.</p>
<p>(2) Johnson T.N. 1959. Longevity of stored juniper seeds. Ecology 40: 487-488.</p>
<p>(3) Rogers C.A. and E. Levetin. 1998. Evidence of long-distance transport of mountain cedar pollen into Tulsa Oklahoma. <em>Intl. J. Biometeorology</em> 42: 65-72.</p>
<div class="mceTemp mceIEcenter">
<div id="attachment_524" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://cgwilliams.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/img_22321.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-524" title="IMG_2232" src="http://cgwilliams.wordpress.com/files/2009/11/img_22321.jpg?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Juniper tree in the American Southwest</p></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Meeting the sup]]></title>
<link>http://jcgosj.wordpress.com/2009/10/22/meeting-the-sup/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:54:01 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Fr J</dc:creator>
<guid>http://jcgosj.wordpress.com/2009/10/22/meeting-the-sup/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Finally had that meeting with my supervisor today.  Really interesting discussion, almost disturbing]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Finally had that meeting with my supervisor today.  Really interesting discussion, almost disturbing because of the way he was challenging my assumptions underlying my proposed research on the impact of religious educators&#8217; epistemological, pedagogical, and religious beliefs on their teaching practice.</p>
<p>To wit:</p>
<p>* Does epistemology have anything to do with their teaching practice?  Applying Ockam&#8217;s notoriour razor, he says maybe it&#8217;s just their way of teaching.<!--more--></p>
<p>* Even more fundamentally:  Do ordinary people have epistemologies?  He suspects there is no such thing as tacit epistemologies.  Epistemologies, he muses, are conceptions, and for that reason, have to be conscious.  In this manner, he challenges all that stuff about theories-in-use, which Argyris distinguishes from espoused theories.</p>
<p>* And what about faith schools or denominational schools?  Can they teach without indoctrination given their confessional nature and their explicit mission/goal of socializing students into particular faith communities?</p>
<p>We talked about framing teaching religion as  controversies (i.e., non-directively) even if teachers themselves have made their respective faith commitments.  We talked about parents delegating their exercise of perceived intellectual authority to schools.  He also referred me to some books that he thought could help me get to know the terrain better&#8211;books by Gerald Grace, Robert Jackson, Ian MacMullen, and Andrew Wright.</p>
<p>So after about half an hour, I left my research supervisor&#8217;s office appropriately guided&#8211;and disturbed.</p>
<p>Not bad for a first meeting.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Is Robert Reaching?]]></title>
<link>http://metrosection.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/is-robert-reaching/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 21:32:08 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>metrosection</dc:creator>
<guid>http://metrosection.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/is-robert-reaching/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Robert Jackson of District 7 Council Member of District 7, Robert Jackson, has subjected himself to ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div id="attachment_1022" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 204px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-1022" href="http://metrosection.wordpress.com/2009/10/10/is-robert-reaching/jackson_photo/"><img class="size-full wp-image-1022" title="Robert Jackson" src="http://metrosection.wordpress.com/files/2009/10/jackson_photo.jpg" alt="Robert Jackson of District 7" width="194" height="271" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Robert Jackson of District 7</p></div>
<p>Council Member of District 7, Robert Jackson, has subjected himself to a similar plight of Mayor Bloomberg for this year&#8217;s electoral run. In attempting his newly-found eligibility for a third term, he has come to face much scrutiny, developing a characteristic of &#8220;arrogance&#8221; and &#8220;self-absorbance&#8221; according to some. Those behind him continue to have faith in what he has the <em>ability</em> to do, while others express him as being <a href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/15/todays-tip-sheet-decision-day-at-the-polls/#comment-520549">&#8220;formerly an effective community activist, who proved ineffective as a legislator.&#8221;</a>.</p>
<p>Jackson contributed over 20 years in assisting over 55,000 union workers with the assurance that their rights and benefits as an employer were being protected.  More than a decade prior to Jackson&#8217;s electoral win, he became more involved, becoming an active member of the Parents&#8217; Association. Soon to follow, he was elected to Community School Board 6 in 1986. But Jackson made the most buzz in 1991, when he, then President of CSB6, and Michael Rebell, (then Attorney of CSB6), founded CFE, the Campaign for Fiscal Equity.  Robert took the stand as lead plaintiff alongside CFE, <a href="http://www.cfequity.org/background.html">suing the State of New York for their negligence to properly fund public schools of New York City.</a> <!--more--></p>
<p>In 1995, the court ruled in the favor of Jackson and CFE, stating that the requirements of the New York State Constitution demand that all children of the state must be offered a “sound basic education,” including the institutions of a high school education that competitively challenges and prepares students for employment and civic participation.  The ruling remained in 2003, after the New York State of Appeals ruled in its original favor. </p>
<p> In 2001, Robert Jackson was elected for his first term (2001-2004) as Council Member of New York City&#8217;s 7th District including parts of Morningside Heights, Hamilton Heights, West Harlem, Washington Heights and Inwood. In the Council, he prides himself on his work for the “safety and well-being of his constituents.”  He sits as the Chair of the Education Committee, and Co-Chair of the Council’s Black, Latino &#38; Asian Caucus.  He serves as a member of several committees, including Contracts; Housing &#38; Buildings; Rules, Privileges &#38; Elections; and Standards &#38; Ethics Committees.</p>
<p>With all of the great contributions Jackson proposes for the future, it cannot go unsaid that while he is campaigning for a <strong>third</strong> term, he doesn’t have too much to show for it.  One of his most damaging criticisms surrounds the hike in prices, and reduction in time-efficiency of the MTA, of which he was supposed to be influential in preventing.   &#8220;When people complain there are not enough trains and buses, you can point to all the state Assembly members,&#8221; said Councilman Robert Jackson <a href="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-stcong0408,0,7735651.story">according to Newsday</a>. &#8220;It was right at their doorstep and they did not stand up for New York City.&#8221;  </p>
<p>Though Councilman Jackson made the initiative through statement, disappointingly enough, he did not make enough of a stand for the public through action, such as backing the  <a href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/ravitch-unveils-mta-rescue-plan/">Ravitch MTA Rescue Plan</a> proposed in late 2008.  In fact, the only proposal he single-handedly introduced himself is his much publicized Small Business Preservation Act in February 2009, which has yet to pass.  It’s critical to the survival of bodegas and independent businesses, giving commercial tenants leverage in negotiations with their landlords, and just as critical to Jackson&#8217;s credibility for many.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[A Day as a Poll Worker: Aisha Brown ]]></title>
<link>http://harlemworldblog.wordpress.com/2009/09/22/a-day-as-a-poll-worker-aisha-brown/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2009 14:38:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>harlemworldblog</dc:creator>
<guid>http://harlemworldblog.wordpress.com/2009/09/22/a-day-as-a-poll-worker-aisha-brown/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Politics Written and photographed by Aisha Brown City voters arrived to local voting sites to cast t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Politics Written and photographed by Aisha Brown City voters arrived to local voting sites to cast t]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Marquette Basketball H.O.F. Welcomes '03 Team]]></title>
<link>http://themilwaukeedrum.wordpress.com/2009/09/01/marquette-basketball-h-o-f-welcomes-03-team/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2009 18:42:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>haylov0204</dc:creator>
<guid>http://themilwaukeedrum.wordpress.com/2009/09/01/marquette-basketball-h-o-f-welcomes-03-team/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It seems like only yesterday that we were all living in the moment, enjoying all the excitement of t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-537" title="MU HOF 09" src="http://themilwaukeedrum.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/mu-hof-09.jpg" alt="MU HOF 09" width="496" height="357" /></p>
<p>It seems like only yesterday that we were all living in the moment, enjoying all  the excitement of the run to New Orleans, the improbable, crazy ride to the  Final 4. It was a newcomer as a coach in Tom Crean who Athletic Director Bill  Cords took a chance on in hiring him in 1999, it was Crean who took a chance on  a kid out of Robbins Illinois by the name of Dwayne Wade who he had to wait on  for a year because of academics.</p>
<div id="attachment_538" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 507px"><img class="size-full wp-image-538" title="Tom crean HOF 09" src="http://themilwaukeedrum.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/tom-crean-hof-09.jpg" alt="Former MU Basketball Coach Tom Crean" width="497" height="390" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Former MU Basketball Coach Tom Crean</p></div>
<p>It was a year of hoping guys would work out  like Robert Jackson who transferred from Mississippi State with one year of  eligibility left, it was Steve Novak and Scott Merritt who as a big time  recruits decided to stay home and play at Marquette and lets not forget about  the chance Travis Diener took as the 1st recruit to committ out of all the key  figures .</p>
<p>It was a lot of people taking a lot of chances, a lot of things had to  work out and they did.</p>
<p>Here it is six years later and this 2003 team of chances that  took this whole community for a great journey is being inducted as a team to the  MU Hall of Fame as a team (although Wade was inducted as an individual too), AD  Bill Cords also went into the hall of fame as well, which is a well deserved   honor.</p>
<p>Everybody showed up for the event except Merritt who was in Europe and  couldn&#8217;t get back in time. There was Wade who has become a world-wide brand,  went on to the NBA and become an regular all-star and NBA Finals MVP. There was  Tom Crean who left the program to take over the decimated Indiana  basketball program, but showed up to pay tribute to his former AD and his  favorite team he has coached so far in his career.</p>
<p>There is big Robert Jackson  who was the glue of the team in so any ways, there is Novak and Travis Diener  who both believed in the coach and the university and now earn an income in the  NBA as well. They all came together on this August evening to reflect, reminisce  and rejoice that great time in 2003.</p>
<div id="attachment_539" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 507px"><img class="size-full wp-image-539" title="T Diener HOF 09" src="http://themilwaukeedrum.wordpress.com/files/2009/09/t-diener-hof-09.jpg" alt="Travis Diener Had An Outstanding Career At MU" width="497" height="401" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Travis Diener Had An Outstanding Career At MU</p></div>
<p>It seems like it just happened&#8230;lets hope that those  memories always are that way when it comes to that team.</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:medium;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:none;"><a href="http://www.espnmilwaukee.com/includes/news_items/19/news_items_more.php?id=115&#38;section_id=19">Steve Haywood</a></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p>ESPN 540 <span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8220;The Game&#8221;</span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[The Rights Philosophy Forum]]></title>
<link>http://holismoplanetario.wordpress.com/2009/08/24/the-rights-philosophy-forum/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2009 22:15:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>holismoplanetario</dc:creator>
<guid>http://holismoplanetario.wordpress.com/2009/08/24/the-rights-philosophy-forum/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Mission Statement Many of the practical problems associated with human rights— from civil rights vio]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://www.rightsphilosophyforum.org/"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5940" style="border:1px solid black;" title="The_Rights_Philosophy_Forum" src="http://holismoplanetario.wordpress.com/files/2009/08/the_rights_philosophy_forum.jpg" alt="The_Rights_Philosophy_Forum" width="121" height="137" /></a></p>
<p><span><strong><span style="color:#336699;"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">Mission Statement</p>
<p></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">Many of the practical problems associated with human rights—<br />
from civil rights violations, to genocide, to international<br />
intervention—stem from fundamental disagreements about ethical<br />
philosophy.</p>
<p>The Rights Philosophy Forum aims to nurture understanding of<br />
competing philosophies, and to encourage everyone involved in the<br />
human rights debate to continually refine, strengthen, and even<br />
overhaul their own arguments when necessary. At the same time,<br />
the RPF hopes to cultivate a sense of cooperation and tolerance in<br />
the discussion of human rights philosophy, and to promote a<br />
healthy, fruitful interchange of ideas between peoples and<br />
countries holding vastly different viewpoints.</span></span></p>
<p><span><strong><span style="color:#336699;"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">Focus on philosophy:</p>
<p></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">Any human rights theory must face real-world challenges. It can’t<br />
lounge in the clouds counting angels on pinheads. But the focus of<br />
the Rights Philosophy Forum is not to chronicle rights abuses or to<br />
champion human rights causes. Real-life examples certainly<br />
provide life and breath to philosophical debate, and can highlight<br />
strengths or weaknesses in a particular philosophy. But the RPF<br />
will focus primarily on the underlying ethical theories used to decide<br />
human rights issues, from personal relationships, to constitutional<br />
debates, to international foreign policy.</span></span></p>
<p><span><strong><span style="color:#336699;"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">History</p>
<p></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">The Rights Philosophy Forum was officially launched in May of<br />
2005 (check out the original</span><a href="http://www.rightsphilosophyforum.org/PressRoom.html"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;"> press </span></a><a href="http://www.rightsphilosophyforum.org/PressRoom.html"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">release</span></a><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">). The RPF was created<br />
by Randy Walden, who is also the</span><a href="http://www.rightsphilosophyforum.org/Editor.html"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;"> editor </span></a><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">and host, with technical<br />
advice and graphic design generously provided by Robert Jackson<br />
at </span><a href="http://home.earthlink.net/%7Ejaxon/InTheNews.htm"><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">Jaxon Design</span></a><span style="font-size:12px;line-height:15px;">.</span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[More calls for current players to force change to Pre-'93 benefits]]></title>
<link>http://fourthandgoalunites.com/2009/06/28/more-calls-for-current-players-to-force-change-to-pre-93-benefits/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2009 15:11:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>fourthandgoaladmin</dc:creator>
<guid>http://fourthandgoalunites.com/2009/06/28/more-calls-for-current-players-to-force-change-to-pre-93-benefits/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Robert Jackson In an interview with the Grand Rapids Press, former Cincinnati Bengal Robert Jackson ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><div class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 250px"><img title="Robert Jackson" src="http://blog.mlive.com/grpress/sports_impact/2009/06/medium_jackson.JPG" alt="Robert Jackson" width="240" height="200" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Robert Jackson</p></div>
<p>In an interview with the <a href="http://www.mlive.com/sports/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2009/06/grand_rapids_sports_hall_of_fa_1.html">Grand Rapids Press</a>, former Cincinnati Bengal Robert Jackson became the latest in a list of hundreds to call on current players to improve the benefits of those who played before 1993. Jackson who is about to be inducted into the Grand Rapids Sports Hall of Fame said most current players do not realize the financial and physical conditions of the pre-93&#8217;s.</p>
<p>&#8220;These older players didn&#8217;t come anywhere close to making the money the modern-day NFL warriors pocket. They don&#8217;t have the financial resources to pay for their assorted medical bills as a result of football-related injuries,&#8221; said Jackson.</p>
<p>&#8220;And they don&#8217;t even enjoy a proper living because they do not receive proper funds through the NFL Players Association union.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;We didn&#8217;t make the $5 million or more a season,&#8221; Jackson said. &#8220;In 1988, I asked for $1.2 million over three seasons, and the Bengals offered no more than $200,000 a year.</p>
<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m not jealous of today&#8217;s players. I&#8217;m happy they can walk (via free agency) and go to another team to make more money and have a better opportunity to win championships. I just wish a lot more of the NFL guys would realize that it was the Dick LeBeaus, Earl Campbells, Kenny Rileys and (Dick) &#8220;Night Train&#8221; Lanes who sacrificed to allow today&#8217;s players to get what they get.</p>
<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t forget them. Don&#8217;t be selfish, which so many of today&#8217;s players are. I know the NFL is a business, but if you&#8217;re making $5 million, why can&#8217;t you give some of that back through the players union to help those past players who helped them?&#8221;</p>
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<title><![CDATA[PART I: An Introduction to American Involvement with War Crimes Trials]]></title>
<link>http://lastfreevoice.wordpress.com/2009/05/12/part-i-an-introduction-to-american-involvement-with-war-crimes-trials/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2009 03:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Rhys M. Blavier</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lastfreevoice.wordpress.com/2009/05/12/part-i-an-introduction-to-american-involvement-with-war-crimes-trials/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[“If certain acts and violations of treaties are crimes, they are crimes whether the United States do]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[“If certain acts and violations of treaties are crimes, they are crimes whether the United States do]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[O Choque das Civilizações e o Pacto Global]]></title>
<link>http://salmendra.wordpress.com/2009/04/15/o-choque-das-civilizacoes-e-o-pacto-global/</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2009 17:19:31 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Sandra Almendra</dc:creator>
<guid>http://salmendra.wordpress.com/2009/04/15/o-choque-das-civilizacoes-e-o-pacto-global/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sempre que existem alterações na ordem internacional, surgem novas teorias de Relações Internacionai]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Sempre que existem alterações na ordem internacional, surgem novas teorias de Relações Internacionais, na tentativa de explicar a nova ordem instituída. Com o fim da Guerra Fria no início da década de 90, o sistema internacional sofreu uma alteração importante, passando de um sistema bipolar, formado por dois blocos e liderado por duas superpotências, os Estados Unidos da América e a União Soviética, para um sistema unipolar. Com a desagregação desta, os Estados Unidos assumiram o papel de superpotência e essa transformação implica também a alteração das regras de conduta dos Estados e nos seus alinhamentos internacionais e consequentemente, alteração das suas políticas externas. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A teoria das relações internacionais pretende analisar esses contextos e prever, na medida em que tal seja possível, qual o comportamento dos Estados face às mudanças e quais as situações em que se podem gerar conflitos. É nesta perspectiva que surge uma tese de análise do sistema internacional e das possíveis causas de conflitualidade do sistema internacional, pós guerra fria, intitulado <em>O Choque das Civilizações e a Mudança na Ordem Mundial</em>, de Samuel Huntington, na qual apresenta quais as possibilidades da evolução da política mundial. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Como é normal, sempre que se apresenta uma nova teoria, ela gera reacções controversas e novas propostas ou teorias que a criticam, apresentadas como alternativas. Por essa razão, Robert Jackson propõe uma nova análise da nova ordem mundial, baseada em pressupostos éticos e humanos, <em>O</em> <em>Pacto Global</em>.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O objecto de estudo deste trabalho consiste na análise das propostas apresentadas por estas obras, para a compreensão da ordem mundial e do caminho a seguir pelos Estados de forma a evitarem conflitos e do que podemos esperar da sociedade internacional.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0 0 0 6cm;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>O Choque das Civilizações</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">                                      «Pela primeira vez na história do mundo pós- política global tornou-se multipolar e multicivilizacional».</span><a name="_ftnref1" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Durante cerca de quatro séculos os Estados do ocidente, as grandes potências, como a Grã-Bretanha, a França, a Áustria, a Prússia e os Estados mais recentes da Alemanha e os Estados Unidos da América, constituíram um sistema internacional multipolar formando aquilo a que se chama a civilização ocidental. Paralelamente, estes Estados expandiram-se e colonizaram outras civilizações.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial este sistema internacional multipolar alterou-se e transformou-se num sistema bipolar, liderado por dois blocos políticos antagónicos. Neste período, conhecido pelo período da guerra-fria, o mundo encontrava-se dividido em três partes: a primeira, constituída pelas potências ocidentais de sociedades mais ricas e democráticas, lideradas pelos E.U.A.. Em segundo lugar, os chamados países de Leste, onde as sociedades eram mais pobres e comunistas e estavam associadas à U.R.S.S.. Finalmente, em terceiro lugar, o chamado terceiro Mundo, constituído por países pobres, politicamente instáveis e que constituíam os não-alinhados.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Com o fim da guerra-fria este sistema desaparece tornando-se unipolar. As diferenças existentes entre os povos deixam de ser de ordem ideológica e política para serem de ordem cultural, porque «as pessoas definem-se em termos de ascendência, religião, língua, história, valores, costumes e instituições».</span><a name="_ftnref2" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Nesta nova ordem mundial, as rivalidades e conflitos entre Estados por interesses meramente políticos, são<span>  </span>substituídas pelo choque de civilizações. O que acontece nos nossos dias é que os povos, separados ideologicamente mas culturalmente próximos, procuram a união enquanto que aqueles que estão separados culturalmente têm dificuldade em estar próximos e, como tal, procuram um afastamento efectivo, excepto nos casos em que são mantidos unidos através de uma grande pressão, como aconteceu na ex-Jugoslávia e em alguns países da Europa de Leste que, durante meio século, se mantiveram unidos por razões de ordem ideológica no Pacto de Varsóvia. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Este tipo de problemas quer a nível interno, quer a nível externo, podem explicar-se através das diferenças civilizacionais existentes entre as populações, nomeadamente, entre Ortodoxos, Católicos e Muçulmanos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Tem sido esta a base de definição dos seus alinhamentos, os países de maioria católica tendem a aproximar-se dos países com características semelhantes, tal como o fazem os países com maiorias ortodoxas ou muçulmanas. Procuram aproximar-se de Estados com valores semelhantes aos seus, ou seja, culturalmente próximos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Mesmo a nível económico, a aproximação tem sempre por base a proximidade cultural, foi o que aconteceu com a União Europeia, em que Estados pertencentes a uma civilização ocidental se agregaram numa associação económica e com interesses económicos que, posteriormente, evoluiu para laços cada vez mais estreitos, ou então como a MERCOSUL, na América Latina. Nestes casos o factor geográfico é relevante mas não é ele que determina o sucesso ou insucesso das organizações. Os Estados aproximam-se com o intuito de estabelecerem relações económicas favoráveis e melhorarem a sua economia e o que se tem verificado é que quando estas organizações agrupam países de civilizações diferentes a sua eficácia é reduzida, ou quase nula, como é o caso da ASEAN.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O choque das civilizações defendido por Samuel Huntington, é uma tentativa de análise do sistema internacional no mundo pós Guerra-fria. Para este autor, ao contrário dos paradigmas já existentes que, embora todos eles consigam explicar a realidade de alguma forma, são bastante limitados, esta análise é aquela que está mais próxima da realidade. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O primeiro desses paradigmas intitulado <em>Um único mundo: Euforia e Harmonia, </em>baseia-se no pressuposto de que o final da guerra-fria terá representado o fim de um importante conflito na política global dando lugar a um emergente mundo consideravelmente mais harmonioso. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O segundo paradigma, <em>Dois mundos: nós e eles</em>, divide o mundo em duas partes: nós, a civilização, e os outros, os bárbaros. Por vezes fazem-se também divisões em termos materiais, os países ricos e os países pobres, mas ligada a esta divisão económica está associada a divisão cultural entre Ocidente e Oriente e, a um nível mais alargado, os conflitos entre estes não são muito prováveis pois a capacidade dos países pobres em combaterem uma grande potência é consideravelmente mais reduzida. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O terceiro paradigma, <em>184 Estados aproximadamente</em>, deriva da teoria realista das relações internacionais. Analisa os Estados como principais intervenientes no sistema internacional, sistema esse que vive em anarquia; os Estados actuam no Sistema Internacional de acordo com os seus interesses e os aliados de hoje podem ser os inimigos de amanhã. É na prossecução dos seus interesses a nível de segurança que os Estados definem a sua política externa e o seu posicionamento face aos outros Estados. Em suma, é através da maximização do seu poder que definem o seu comportamento a nível internacional. Para Samuel Huntington, este é o paradigma que mais se aproxima da realidade da política global, mas é limitado pelo facto de partir do pressuposto que todos os Estados têm uma percepção igual dos seus interesses e que agem da mesma forma. Por último, o quarto paradigma, <em>um puro caos</em>, reduz o mundo à anarquia pelo enfraquecimento dos Estados. Realça o colapso da autoridade governamental, a separação dos Estados e a intensificação dos conflitos tribais, étnicos ou religiosos. Embora este paradigma se possa entender em certos conflitos a verdade é que o mundo não está sem ordem. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Actualmente, torna-se mais difícil explicar as relações internacionais através destes paradigmas e «considerar o mundo formado por sete ou oito civilizações evita muitas destas dificuldades».</span><a name="_ftnref3" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Esta nova abordagem tem em consideração que o mundo se divide num Ocidente e em muitos não-Ocidentes, partilha com a teoria realista o princípio de que os Estados são os actores mais importantes mas o seu alinhamento é modelado por questões culturais e civilizacionais. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A influência das duas superpotências está a ser substituída pelo aparecimento de Estados-núcleo nas principais civilizações que, consoante o grau de identificação e de aproximação cultural, se ligam a estes Estados núcleo em círculos concêntricos. O conceito de civilização aparece assim como uma entidade cultural mais vasta, agrupando culturalmente um número elevado de pessoas, através de uma identidade comum, e que as distingue dos outros.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">De acordo com este autor, as civilizações mais importantes são, para além da civilização ocidental, cujo estado núcleo são os Estados Unidos, a civilização ortodoxa com a Rússia como estado núcleo, a civilização Islâmica que se estende de Marrocos à Indonésia e à qual falta um estado núcleo mas em que há alguns com capacidade para atingirem esse estatuto, a China &#8211; civilização chinesa, o Japão que é uma civilização virada para si mesma, a civilização Hindu onde a Índia é o poder dominante, a América Latina e a África que é uma colecção desorganizada de Estados que têm de criar uma consciência comum, o que poderá acontecer dentro de algumas décadas sob a liderança da África do sul.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Cada vez mais os conflitos entre Estados têm como causa questões civilizacionais. Desde a década de 90 que se assiste a um crescimento das divergências, que até aqui não eram muito perceptíveis, entre populações com valores diferentes, valores esses de ordem cultural (religiosos ou étnicos), isto é, «a política global está a ser reconfigurada segundo linhas culturais».</span><a name="_ftnref4" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Os povos e os países com culturas semelhantes aproximam-se enquanto os que têm divergências culturais se afastam. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Durante o período da Guerra Fria, os países definiam o seu alinhamento por tendências ideológicas mas, nas últimas décadas, essa tendência tem sofrido alterações e os alinhamentos são de ordem cultural ou civilizacional conduzindo até a algumas redefinições de fronteiras de forma a aproximarem grupos culturais, sejam eles de cariz étnico, religioso ou civilizacional. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Esta situação aumenta o risco de conflito nos Estados ou entre Estados, onde estão concentrados grandes grupos de povos civilizacionais diferentes. Esta aproximação tem a ver com o facto de as populações se identificarem com aqueles que têm uma religião, uma língua, valores e instituições semelhantes e a afastarem-se daqueles com os quais não se identificam. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Na nova ordem internacional esta situação é ainda mais notória nos países que pertenciam ao Pacto de Varsóvia, onde estavam aglutinados por questões ideológicas. Ao desaparecer este elo aglutinador, a questão dos nacionalismos voltou a surgir e assiste-se a uma escalada de conflitos entre grupos civilizacionais como os ortodoxos, os católicos e os muçulmanos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A tendência das chamadas potências ocidentais é a de se aliarem a estes novos Estados por razões culturais seja pela proximidade linguística ou religiosa, um exemplo recente desta realidade foi dado pela Europa, ao mostrar um sinal do seu alinhamento à entrada dos países candidatos, que se revelou ser mais por questões culturais do que técnicas, ao não aceitar mais uma vez a Turquia. «As civilizações são a mais ampla entidade cultural, daí que os conflitos entre grupos de civilizações diferentes se tornem centrais na política global».</span><a name="_ftnref5" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Paralelamente, outros factores contribuem para o choque civilizacional. Para Samuel Huntington, o mundo estar num processo de modernização global e esse processo vai conduzir a uma “ocidentalização” dos povos, podendo conduzir a uma alteração do seu comportamento, levando-os a modificar a sua forma de pensar. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Das civilizações apresentadas pelo autor destacam-se duas, as quais podem constituir uma ameaça ao Ocidente, são elas as civilizações islâmica e chinesa. Esse perigo advém do facto de os países islâmicos estarem a aumentar, de forma considerável, a sua demografia. Este dinamismo conduziu a uma situação em que, cerca de 20% da população, é constituída por jovens com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 25 anos de idade. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Historicamente, as sociedades com estas características dão origem a situações de conflito. A ameaça chinesa tem por base razões económicas. O desenvolvimento e progresso chinês, se continuar com as taxas de crescimento que têm tido nos últimos anos, pode levar a China a tornar-se numa grande potência influente no sudoeste asiático, situação que não interessa ao Ocidente, principalmente aos Estados Unidos, que têm combatido a ascensão de um só poder, tanto nesta zona como na Europa Ocidental. Nesta última, os Estados Unidos podem impedi-lo através de um aprofundamento dos laços com os países europeus.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O que se tem verificado, e continuará a ocorrer ainda durante algum tempo, é que a civilização ocidental tem entendido os seus valores como universais, de ordem política ou económica e, esse princípio,<span>  </span>não é aceite pelas outras civilizações, pois também elas, entendem ser os seus valores os mais importantes, a realidade ocidental não é igual às várias realidades não ocidentais. Estas civilizações, nomeadamente os países asiáticos, estão a libertar-se da hegemonia ocidental e a competir com ela a nível político, económico e até militar, sendo por essa razão que o autor entende que a civilização ocidental está a enfraquecer. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Cada vez mais estes assuntos fazem parte da agenda internacional, com o ocidente a tentar manter a sua superioridade militar com políticas de não proliferação de armamento, a valorização dos princípios ocidentais como os direitos humanos, ou restringindo a imigração para evitar conflitos étnicos dentro das suas fronteiras. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Na nova ordem internacional os Estados têm de perceber, que a intervenção em Estados pertencentes a outra civilização, pode ser a causa para um conflito à escala global. Para evitar que essa situação se realize é «necessário que os Estados-núcleos se abstenham de intervir nos conflitos que surjam em civilizações que não as suas».</span><a name="_ftnref6" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Se as civilizações cumprirem esta ideia a sociedade internacional será pacífica, se não o fizerem o choque entre civilizações será inevitável.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"> </p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"> </p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>O Pluralismo Ético</strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">             </span></span><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">«O Pacto Global constitui a única conduta política aceite    que se   aplica ao mundo inteiro sendo reconhecida como tal. Liga os seres humanos em todo o lado como membros de num estado soberano que independentemente de qualquer característica particular revelam a respeito<strong> </strong>do seu modo de vida doméstico<strong>».<a name="_ftnref7" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><strong><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[7]</span></strong></span></span></span></a><span>        </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Em resposta à análise de Samuel Huntington e ao Choque das Civilizações surge o Pacto Global de Robert Jackson.</span><a name="_ftnref8" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Para este autor o Pacto global deve ser entendido como uma resposta institucional às limitações das relações humanas, a diversidade humana e a imperfeição humana.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A sociedade internacional é formada por Estados, mas não são os Estados que tomam decisões, eles são realidades abstractas constituídas por pessoas que agem em seu nome, são a componente principal de uma forma organizativa mais geral que é a Sociedade dos Estados. Não podendo actuar por si mesmos não têm também qualquer responsabilidade, cabe aos seus dirigentes, os Homens de Estado, representá-los a agir por eles. São estes agentes, os homens de Estado, que estão sujeitos aos princípios da ética internacional. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A sua acção pode ser intitulada pela arte de governar, constituindo ela própria «o coração da ética internacional».</span><a name="_ftnref9" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Todas as actividades humanas têm subjacente uma ética própria, ficando quem a exerce sujeito aos seus padrões normativos vigentes, e sem os quais seria difícil, tanto pela sua inexistência como pela falta de conhecimento da sua existência, exercer as actividades humanas, princípio a que os homens de estado não fazem excepção. A observância dessas normas cria padrões de conduta comuns àqueles que as exercessem, sendo difícil a sua compreensão por aqueles que estão de fora. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A actividade normativa, no período pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, é aquilo a que o autor chama de Pacto Global e que «consiste exclusivamente em padrões de conduta que os próprios homens de estado instituíram para julgar as actividades internacionais de cada um».</span><a name="_ftnref10" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> É por esta razão, que a ética da arte de governar se aplica aos homens de estado, enquanto líderes nacionais em representação e na condução da política externa de um estado. Os homens de estado não são os únicos responsáveis pela política externa, pois em situações especiais como a entrada de um país em guerra, todos os cidadãos podem contribuir para o esforço de guerra.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Mas esta participação não implica responsabilidade, essa é da esfera exclusiva dos homens de estado. Actualmente, a sociedade internacional é composta por menos de duas centenas de Estados, o que significa que a arte de governar é uma ética que se aplica a um número restrito de pessoas e cujas decisões podem afectar milhares de pessoas. A responsabilidade, dos homens de estado, advém do poder e autoridade conferidas às suas posições políticas e é, também, uma «expectativa de conduta nas circunstâncias».</span><a name="_ftnref11" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> A sua conduta é condicionada pelas circunstâncias e estas estabelecem o limite daquilo que pode ser esperado. Estas circunstâncias tornam-se ainda mais importantes na política global por ser uma esfera pluralista na qual, a acção de um ou mais Estados, é limitada pelo poder nuclear. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">É de sublinhar ainda, que Robert Jackson distingue o Pluralismo do Relativismo, pois esta última doutrina defende que os padrões de conduta são condicionados pela história e pela cultura, o que impede o relacionamento entre pessoas de diferentes civilizações e culturas, é uma «imagem de populações hermeticamente seladas que exclui até a possibilidade da ética internacional». </span><a name="_ftnref12" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Não existindo nenhuma autoridade política universal, nem mesmo a Organização das Nações Unidas, a política mundial é praticada numa sociedade de Estados, pelo que uma das razões da existência de normas internacionais, é evitar a ascensão de uma só potência global e hegemónica, mantendo-se a balança de poder como regra de ouro.</span><a name="_ftnref13" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> A ética pluralista da sociedade internacional diminui desse modo a responsabilidade dos Estados mas não a elimina, principalmente se, se tratarem de grandes potências, pois continuam a ser os seus actos aqueles que mais podem influenciar a humanidade. Delas podemos esperar que respeitem os princípios da Carta das Nações Unidas e do comércio mundial, ao contrário das pequenas potências dos quais não podemos esperar que mantenham a paz mundial nem assegurem a economia global. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A arte de governar caracteriza-se também por ser situacional, isto é, os homens de estado, nas suas actividades internacionais, estão dependentes de outros homens de estado e das suas actividades, porque esse exercício envolve as suas crenças pessoais, os seus ideais, os seus interesses e convicções. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Uma sociedade de Estados soberanos é, necessariamente, uma sociedade de várias responsabilidades para os homens de estado e, a sua actuação, é a um nível multidimensional. O desafio consiste em aproximar os seus interesses e as suas responsabilidades. Têm responsabilidades a nível interno e a nível internacional, nem que seja apenas a obrigação de manterem a ordem internacional, enquanto responsáveis pela política externa e enquanto membros da sociedade internacional, principalmente as grandes potências, pressuposto esse que está contemplado nos capítulos VI e VII da Carta das Nações Unidas, que lhes confere o direito de intervenção, como «guardiães da paz e segurança internacionais». </span><a name="_ftnref14" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A sociedade de Estados é também uma espécie de acordo pluralista da política mundial, na medida em que, é um conjunto de várias autoridades políticas baseadas em valores iguais como o respeito pela soberania, pela integridade territorial e pelo princípio da não-ingerência e, simultaneamente, existe a noção de que os assuntos de política interna dizem respeito ao estado e, como tal, os seus governantes assim como a população têm o direito de fazer as suas opções políticas. Este segundo aspecto, sobre a soberania, é o que constitui o verdadeiro pluralismo.<span>  </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A diversidade humana é uma limitação nas relações humanas na medida em que separa as pessoas em distintas personalidades e colectividades. A ética internacional, tal como qualquer outra questão de ordem moral, tem de lidar com seres humanos tal como eles são, pelas suas acções e pelo meio em que vivem e não de acordo com uma imagem utópica de como se gostaria que fossem. A diversidade das condições e formas de vida nos inúmeros países que constituem a sociedade internacional contemporânea é difícil de descrever mesmo que seja em termos gerais. Seria necessário um esforço muito grande para convergir e reduzir essas diversidades, pelo que a melhor alternativa será aceitar essa realidade.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">À diversidade individual dos seres humanos tem de acrescentar-se a diversidade das sociedades humanas. Esta nova dimensão de diversidade reflecte o grupo de identidade das pessoas. As pessoas são identificadas pelo grupo onde estão inseridas, grupo esse que move a sua vida numa escala mais alargada política e socialmente. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Este alargamento a uma escala superior tem como consequência imediata a redução de algumas das diferenças entre as pessoas que constituem o grupo, no entanto, aumenta as diferenças entre aqueles que fazem parte desse grupo e aqueles que não o integram, isto é ainda mais evidente quando se trata de grupos com base territorial como as tribos e as nações. Ao nível internacional, a diversidade humana pode analisar-se, por exemplo, através da vertente sócio-económica dos Estados independentes da sociedade internacional, de acordo com factores como o Produto Interno Bruto, densidade populacional, esperança de vida, taxa de crescimento económico, etc.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Os Estados são, também eles, diferentes uns dos outros pela sua localização geográfica, clima, constituição étnica e racial da população, pela estrutura de classes e o papel que cada um tem na hierarquia, o grau de desenvolvimento e de urbanização, a qualidade e extensão do sistema educativo, a capacidade cientifica e tecnológica, a credibilidade e capacidade das suas Forças Armadas e pela eficiência dos serviços públicos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Deste modo, a sociedade internacional caracteriza-se pela heterogeneidade e esta característica não pode ser marginalizada pela vida política mundial. A diversidade humana é também ela uma realidade no mundo político. Os homens de estado têm de encontrar uma forma de ultrapassar essa diversidade mundial através não só da aceitação plena dessa condição como pela condução da política externa com respeito por ela. Essa será a justiça da sociedade de Estados. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Assim, o Pacto Global pode ser entendido como uma resposta institucional à diversidade da Humanidade, pois ele reconhece e aceita o facto de os seres humanos terem propensão para se associarem sob diferentes bandeiras, em grupos diferentes, que ocupam territórios diferentes, por todo o planeta. No início deste século, a sociedade internacional reconhece cerca de 190 lugares «como jurisdições territoriais independentes, com igualdade legal e que têm o direito de serem deixados sozinhos».</span><a name="_ftnref15" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Contudo a maioria da diversidade territorial não é reconhecida na política internacional, essa é uma questão da política interna dos Estados, o Pacto Global só pode reconhecer grupos territoriais importantes e alguns mais pequenos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O mais importante é ter uma jurisdição soberana local, dentro da qual cada grupo possa esforçar-se para construir a sua própria vida política de acordo com o seu próprio esclarecimento e livre de interferências externas. Uma grande parte desse esforço político envolverá a aprendizagem de um bom relacionamento entre grupos num mesmo território.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">A imperfeição humana não é tão evidente como a diversidade e os seres humanos são socialmente imperfeitos mas, enquanto esta grande família humana revela clivagens pelas enormes diferenças que as separam, também revela em simultâneo uma grande unidade. A imperfeição une as pessoas nas suas fragilidades intelectuais e deficiências morais comuns. Há um obstáculo nos seres humanos, embora afecte os indivíduos de formas diferentes, que limita a sua capacidade intelectual e a sua responsabilidade social. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Para justificar esta realidade, Robert Jackson cita J.R. Lucas, para quem existem três áreas em que existe essa limitação: em primeiro lugar, as pessoas são limitadas pelo nível de informação e conhecimento imperfeitos que possuem e com o qual têm de actuar. Raramente, se tem um quadro completo da situação política e social em que se vive, o que leva a desentendimentos acerca do melhor meio de acção, realidade que também se aplica aos homens de estado, pois nem sempre a informação de que dispoem é a mais adequada para as suas tomadas de decisão. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Em segundo lugar, o julgamento das pessoas, incluindo os homens de estado, é falível. As pessoas podem cometer erros de avaliação mesmo tendo toda a informação necessária, detalhada e completa para a tomada de decisão. A inteligência limitada pode interferir e não deixar fazer o melhor uso dela. A questão é que, quando se trata de homens de estado, o erro tem proporções diferentes e consequências mais graves pois afecta um número maior de pessoas. Por último, a interacção humana é acarinhada por valores que são partilhados e limitada por aqueles que os dividem. Sem valores partilhados, as Relações Internacionais serão confinadas a meras actividades instrumentais que respondem apenas a percepções de interesse pessoal, o que reduziria drasticamente as possibilidades do tráfego e comunicações internacionais.</span><a name="_ftnref16" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Por outro lado, as fragilidades intelectuais e as deficiências morais unem as pessoas de uma forma fundamental. Não se espera que os outros sejam completamente diferentes, apenas que sejam como nós. Essa expectativa comum, sobre a conduta dos outros, permanece igual ao longo dos tempos estabelecendo uma importante plataforma, sobre a qual pode ser construída uma vivência moral global. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Num mundo onde existem diversas civilizações, não há nenhuma que seja superior à outra, por essa razão não devemos falar em civilização mas sim em civismo no âmbito do Pacto Global, são as normas, práticas e instituições de civismo que apelam às relações humanas dentro da esfera internacional e que, muitas vezes, ultrapassa as civilizações. Esta foi a forma encontrada pelas pessoas de diferentes culturas para interagirem. São princípios como a auto-determinação dos povos que valorizam o Pacto Global através de uma acomodação da diversidade humana e, simultaneamente, uma afirmação de um conceito de humanidade comum. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O Pacto Global consiste no trabalho normativo de reconciliação entre os povos, que se têm libertado de civilizações consideradas mais fortes, como é o caso da Civilização Ocidental enquanto espalhou os seus princípios e valores pelo mundo, abafando muitas vezes os valores e culturas locais. Trata-se de uma ética pluralista que defende a importância da independência política e conhece as diversas formas de vida dos seres humanas numa perspectiva normativa. E não em leis naturais limitativas ou de políticas externas utilitárias. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Essas normas devem basear-se em condutas comuns e gerais que possam ser reconhecidas por qualquer homem de estado, independentemente da sua formação cultural. E sendo normas gerais têm de ter a distância suficiente de qualquer uma das civilizações. Isto quer dizer que o Pacto Global não trata de questões como a Democracia mas sim de um conceito mais alargado e comum a todos – a Liberdade. São as pessoas, vivendo num regime democrático ou não, de um determinado território que sabem o que é melhor para elas, terem a liberdade de escolher, terem independência política. Esta é a garantia normativa que lhes dá o Pacto Global.</span><a name="_ftnref17" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Garamond;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:small;"> Todos os valores de cada povo devem ser respeitados pelos outros, não há um que tenha valores superiores e, como tal, devem coexistir. É a responsabilidade de cada povo que marca a possibilidade de ter essa liberdade e do que fazer com ela, associada à tolerância, à prudência e ao respeito.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O Pacto Global tenta encontrar um modo articulado da intercomunicação humana e da acomodação política pelo planeta através do diálogo entre Estados soberanos, contemplado na prática diplomática, na lei internacional e nas virtudes políticas lideradas pela ética da arte de governar. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Na tese de Samuel Huntington é defendida a ideia de que as nações e as ideologias foram substituídas pelas civilizações. A sociedade internacional move-se pela defesa dos valores de cada civilização, quando estes não são respeitados surge o conflito. Foi o que se passou nos ataques do 11 de Setembro, nos Estados Unidos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">É a luta pelo universalidade dos valores inerentes a cada uma das civilizações, ao não se aceitar essa realidade, o choque acontece. Se é verdade que existem valores comuns à humanidade, como é defendido no Pacto Global, também é verdade que os homens não respeitam essas diferenças nem as aceitam; uma sociedade de estados harmoniosa seria o desejável mas é, simultaneamente, difícil de alcançar. Os estados, ou quem os representa, têm interesses próprios dos quais não abdica e os valores culturais, de ordem ética ou religiosa, que reconhece como verdadeiros são, para eles, os únicos válidos. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Este tem sido o comportamento da civilização ocidental ao longo da História, comportamento esse que originou um sentimento de revolta, por parte daqueles que não os partilham nem os aceitam. No dia em que esse reconhecimento for feito, o reconhecimento à diferença, talvez se crie uma nova ordem mundial baseada na ética, nas virtudes humanas, conquistadas por todos os seres humanos, por eles partilhadas e aceites. Esta seria sem dúvida uma alternativa preferível ao choque das civilizações, mas não é isso que a realidade demonstra. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="line-height:150%;margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">O que ela demonstra é que as motivações étnicas e religiosas são cada vez mais a origem e a causa dos conflitos. Só na última década, proliferaram vários conflitos de ordem cultural, foi o caso da guerra na Bósnia, da instabilidade na Indonésia, o conflito entre Israel e a Palestina, o problema de Caxemira, os actos de terrorismo e muitos outros. Durante o período da Guerra-fria, estas clivagens mantiveram-se camufladas mas, a partir do momento em que se tornaram livres das esferas de influência, as diferenças manifestaram-se. Assim, cabe aos estados-núcleo criar uma nova consciência de respeito mútuo de forma a evitar o agravamento da conflitualidade da sociedade internacional.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">Bibliogafia</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:12pt 0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">HUNTINGTON, Samuel P., <em>O Choque das Civilizações e a mudança na ordem mundial</em>, Gradiva, Lisboa, 1999.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:12pt 0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:small;">&#8212;&#8212;-, <em>O Choque das Civilizações ?,</em> Gradiva, Lisboa, 1999.<em></em></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:12pt 0;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:small;">JACKSON, Robert, <em>The Global Covenant – Human Conduct in a World of States</em>, Oxford University Press Inc., Nova Iorque, 2000.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin:0 0 0 18pt;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><a name="_ftn1" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;" lang="EN-GB">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Garamond;">Samuel Huntington, <em>O Choque das Civilizações e a mudança na ordem mundial</em>, p.21.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn2" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Samuel Huntington, ibid., p.28.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn3" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span>  </span>Samuel Huntington, ibid., p.39.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><a name="_ftn4" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Samuel Huntington, ibid., p.145.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn5" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Samuel Huntington, ibid., p.149.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><a name="_ftn6" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Samuel Huntington, ibid., p.374.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn7" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Robert Jackson, <em>The Global Covenant</em>, p.16.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><a name="_ftn8" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Robert Jackson faz parte da tradição humanista britânica. É um autor não realista, influenciado pela Escola inglesa, criada em 1959. </span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn9" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Robert Jackson, ibid., p.130.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn10" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Robert Jackson, ibid., p.131.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn11" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;" lang="EN-GB">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">Robert Jackson, ibid., p.138</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">.</span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn12" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;" lang="EN-GB">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Robert Jackson, ibid., p.407.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify;margin:0;"><a name="_ftn13" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> A Organização das Nações Unidas não é um governo supranacional no seio da sociedade internacional. O seu poder está sempre limitado à vontade dos Estados que dela fazem parte, mesmo o Conselho de Segurança não tem autoridade para actuar sozinho ou à margem dos seus membros.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn14" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;" lang="EN-GB">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Robert Jackson, ibid., p.173.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn15" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Robert Jackson, ibid., p.403.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn16" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size:x-small;"> Cf. Robert Jackson, op.cit., p.405.</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0;"><a name="_ftn17" href="http://salmendra.wordpress.com/wp-admin/#_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;" lang="EN-GB">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Garamond;" lang="EN-GB">Robert Jackson, ibid., p.410.</span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Study says better to leave land unfarmed than plow to grow corn for ethanol]]></title>
<link>http://cindyha.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/study-says-better-to-leave-land-unfarmed-than-plow-to-grow-corn-for-ethanol/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2009 17:09:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>cindyha</dc:creator>
<guid>http://cindyha.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/study-says-better-to-leave-land-unfarmed-than-plow-to-grow-corn-for-ethanol/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[This study, critiquing corn-for-ethanol’s carbon footprint, came to me today from Duke University Of]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><span style="font-size:12pt;color:#1f497d;font-family:&#34;">This study, critiquing corn-for-ethanol’s carbon footprint, came to me today from Duke University Office of News &#38; Communications in North Carolina. Perhaps some Iowans would like to weigh in on the topic.</span></p>
<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">DURHAM, N.C. &#8212;  To avoid creating greenhouse gases, it makes more sense using  today&#8217;s technology to leave land unfarmed in conservation reserves than to plow it up for corn to make biofuel, according to a comprehensive Duke University-led study.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">&#8220;Converting set-asides to corn-ethanol production is an inefficient and expensive greenhouse gas mitigation policy that should not be encouraged until ethanol-production technologies improve,&#8221; the study&#8217;s authors reported in the March edition of the research journal Ecological Applications.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">Nevertheless, farmers and producers are already receiving federal subsidies to grow more corn for ethanol under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">&#8220;One of our take-home messages is that conservation programs are currently a cheaper and more efficient greenhouse gas policy for taxpayers than corn-ethanol production,&#8221; said biologist Robert Jackson, the Nicholas Professor of Global Environmental Change at Duke&#8217;s Nicholas School of the Environment, who led the study.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">Making ethanol from corn reduces atmospheric releases of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide because the CO2 emitted when the ethanol burns is &#8220;canceled out&#8221; by the carbon dioxide taken in by the next crop of growing plants, which use it in photosynthesis. That means equivalent amounts of carbon dioxide are removed from the atmosphere and &#8220;fixed&#8221; into plant tissues.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">But the study notes that some CO2 not counterbalanced by plant carbon uptake gets released when corn is grown and processed for ethanol. Furthermore, ethanol contains only about 70 percent of gasoline&#8217;s energy.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">&#8220;So we actually reduce greenhouse gas emissions only 20 percent when we substitute one liter of ethanol for one liter of gasoline,&#8221; said Gervasio Piñeiro, the study&#8217;s first author, who is a Buenos Aires, Argentina-based scientist and postdoctoral research associate in Jackson&#8217;s Duke laboratory.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">Also, by the researchers’ accounting, the carbon benefits of using ethanol only begin to show up years after corn growing begins. &#8220;Depending on prior land use&#8221; they wrote in their report, &#8220;our analysis shows that carbon releases from the soil after planting corn for ethanol may in some cases completely offset carbon gains attributed to biofuel generation for at least 50 years.&#8221;</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">The report said that &#8220;cellulosic&#8221; species &#8212; such as switchgrass &#8212; are a better option for curbing emissions than corn because they don’t require annual replowing and planting. In contrast, a single planting of cellulosic species will continue growing and producing for years while trapping more carbon in the soil.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">&#8220;Until cellulosic ethanol production is feasible, or corn-ethanol technology improves, corn-ethanol subsidies are a poor investment economically and environmentally,&#8221; Jackson added.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">However, the report noted that a cost-effective technology to convert cellulosics to ethanol may be years away. So the Duke team contrasted today&#8217;s production practices for corn-based ethanol with what will be possible after the year 2023 for cellulosic-based ethanol.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">By analyzing 142 different soil studies, the researchers found that conventional corn farming can remove 30 to 50 percent of the carbon stored in the soil.  In contrast, cellulosic ethanol production entails mowing plants as they grow &#8212; often on land that is already in conservation reserve. That, their analysis found, can ultimately increase soil carbon levels between 30 to 50 percent instead of reducing them.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">&#8220;It&#8217;s like hay baling,&#8221; Piñeiro said. &#8220;You plant it once and it stays there for 20 years. And it takes much less energy and carbon dioxide emissions to produce that than to produce corn.&#8221;</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">As part of its analysis, the Duke team calculated how corn-for-ethanol and cellulosic-for-ethanol production &#8212; both now and in the future &#8212; would compare with agricultural set-asides. Those comparisons were expressed in economic terms with a standard financial accounting tool called &#8220;net present value.&#8221;</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">For now, setting aside acreage and letting it return to native vegetation was rated the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, outweighing the results of corn-ethanol production over the first 48 years. However, &#8220;once commercially available, cellulosic ethanol produced in set-aside grasslands should provide the most efficient tool for greenhouse gas reduction of any scenario we examined,&#8221; the report added.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">The worst strategy for reducing carbon dioxide emissions is to plant corn-for-ethanol on land that was previously designated as set aside &#8212; a practice included in current federal efforts to ramp up biofuel production, the study found. &#8220;You will lose a lot of soil carbon, which will escape into the atmosphere as CO2,&#8221; said Piñeiro.</span></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Center for Global Change at Duke University and by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnologíca of Argentina. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"><br />
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</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&#34;">Other researchers in the study included Brian Murray, the director for economic analysis at Duke&#8217;s Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions and a Nicholas School research professor; Justin Baker, a researcher with Murray and Jackson; and Esteban Jobbagy, a professor at the University of San Luis in Argentina who received his Ph.D. at Duke.</span></span></div>
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<title><![CDATA[Mitos y Hechos Sobre Auschwitz]]></title>
<link>http://bibliaytradicion.wordpress.com/2009/02/15/mitos-y-hechos-sobre-auschwitz/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 06:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Alejandro Villarreal</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bibliaytradicion.wordpress.com/2009/02/15/mitos-y-hechos-sobre-auschwitz/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Original en Inglés: Auschwitz: Myths and Facts Por Mark Weber Auschwitz es considerado como el princ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Original en Inglés: Auschwitz: Myths and Facts Por Mark Weber Auschwitz es considerado como el princ]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[America, Be Not Afraid to Look Behind You]]></title>
<link>http://socialvox.wordpress.com/2009/01/15/america-be-not-afraid-to-look-behind-you/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2009 17:53:38 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>socialvox</dc:creator>
<guid>http://socialvox.wordpress.com/2009/01/15/america-be-not-afraid-to-look-behind-you/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Appearing in a New York Times op-ed column, Slate Magazine&#8217;s Dahlia Lithwick says Americans wo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Appearing in a New York Times op-ed column, Slate Magazine&#8217;s Dahlia Lithwick says Americans would rather turn the page than <a title="Dahlia Lithwick - Prosecute Bush Officials" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/opinion/11lithwick.html" target="_blank">prosecute top Bush officials for war crimes and other atrocities</a>. The crux of her argument is that this hope of &#8220;rebooting&#8221; the government, of preferring to recover, is not found in the language of law. There is no legal justification for not investigating or prosecuting senior officials who have authorized torture and warrant-less surveillance.</p>
<p>Americans want to focus on the brighter future that hopefully lies ahead, not dwell on our dark past. As Ms. Lithwick notes, however, that would be a mistake:</p>
<blockquote><p>Nobody is looking for a series of public floggings. The blueprints for government accountability look nothing like witch hunts. They look like legal processes that have served us for centuries. And, as the Armed Services Committee report makes clear, we already know an enormous amount about what happened to take us down the road to torture and eavesdropping. The military has commissioned at least three investigative reports about the descent into abusive interrogation. Michael Ratner, the president of the Center for Constitutional Rights, has compiled what he believes to be sufficient evidence to try senior Bush administration officials for war crimes&#8230;</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>It’s not a witch hunt simply because political actors are under investigation. The process of investigating and prosecuting crimes makes up the bricks and mortar of our prosecutorial system. We don’t immunize drug dealers, pickpockets or car thieves because holding them to account is uncomfortable, difficult or divisive. We don’t protest that “it’s all behind us now” when a bank robber is brought to trial.</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>And America tends to survive the ugliness of public reckonings, from Nixon to Whitewater to the impeachment hearings, because for all our cheerful optimism, Americans fundamentally understand that nobody should be above the law. As the chief prosecutor for the United States at the Nuremberg trials, Robert Jackson, warned: “Law shall not stop with the punishment of petty crimes by little people. It must also reach men who possess themselves of great power.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>At the Senate confirmation hearing, Eric Holder said that &#8220;waterboarding is torture.&#8221; Is Holder and the Obama administration prepared to bring these people to justice? Can the American people stomach the potentially difficult process? We must all remember that, as Mr. Holder said at his confirmation hearing, &#8220;no one is above the law.&#8221; To not investigate or prosecute these officials to the full extent of the law is to establish a dangerous precedent.</p>
<p>There is no immunity for war crimes, even when allegedly done for the sake of national security.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Man arrested for hitting security officer with bottle     www.privateofficer.com]]></title>
<link>http://privateofficernews.wordpress.com/2009/01/03/man-arrested-for-hitting-security-officer-with-bottle-wwwprivateofficercom/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 03 Jan 2009 18:22:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>privateofficernews</dc:creator>
<guid>http://privateofficernews.wordpress.com/2009/01/03/man-arrested-for-hitting-security-officer-with-bottle-wwwprivateofficercom/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Man arrested for hitting security officer with bottle www.privateofficer.com VERONA, N.Y. (WKTV) Jan]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><h1 style="display:block;">Man arrested for hitting security officer with bottle www.privateofficer.com</h1>
<div id="previewbody" style="display:block;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_jlFkF_eRW2E/SV-sXNO2WUI/AAAAAAAANJs/zWif4Z6KjJQ/s1600-h/casino.jpg"><img style="float:left;width:197px;cursor:hand;height:206px;margin:0 10px 10px 0;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_jlFkF_eRW2E/SV-sXNO2WUI/AAAAAAAANJs/zWif4Z6KjJQ/s320/casino.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a></p>
<div><strong>VERONA, N.Y. (WKTV) Jan 3 2009</strong> &#8211; Police have arrested four men after they say one of them hit a security guard at the Turning Stone Casino &#38; Resort with a bottle.<br />
According to State Police in Oneida, around 2:00am New Year&#8217;s Day, a fight broke out at the Casino. During the fight, the security guard was hit.<br />
Investigators have arrested Robert Jackson of Fabius and have charged him with felony assault.<br />
Police also arrested the following individuals for attempting to interfere with the arrest of Jackson and the investigation:<br />
Richard Jordan III, 29 of Syracuse<br />
Gary Schiffer, 31 of Syracuse<br />
Jon Phillips, 23 of Syracuse<br />
Schiffer is also charged with harassment for allegedly punching a security guard. Jackson was sent to the Oneida County Jail on $5,000 bail. Jordan was also sent to the Oneida County Jail on $2,000 bail. Schiffer posted $2,000 bail and was released. Phillips was issued an appearance ticket.<br />
All are scheduled to reappear at Verona Town Court on 01/13/09.</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Immunity---the Darkest Night Cloud on the Law]]></title>
<link>http://charleslincoln3.wordpress.com/2008/12/22/immunity-the-darkest-night-cloud-on-the-law/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 03:01:40 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>charleslincoln3</dc:creator>
<guid>http://charleslincoln3.wordpress.com/2008/12/22/immunity-the-darkest-night-cloud-on-the-law/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Glenn Greenwald SATURDAY DEC. 20, 2008 07:55 EST If criminal penalties are removed, what will deter ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Glenn Greenwald SATURDAY DEC. 20, 2008 07:55 EST If criminal penalties are removed, what will deter ]]></content:encoded>
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<title><![CDATA[Crime and Punishment]]></title>
<link>http://mburgan.wordpress.com/2008/12/20/crime-and-punishment/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 20 Dec 2008 21:15:36 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>mburgan</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mburgan.wordpress.com/2008/12/20/crime-and-punishment/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The first Nuremberg Trial To the victors go the spoils, and the winners of wars write the history bo]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p style="text-align:center;">
<p style="text-align:left;">
<div id="attachment_611" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 220px"><a href="http://mburgan.wordpress.com/files/2008/12/nuremberg_defendants.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-611" title="nuremberg_defendants" src="http://mburgan.wordpress.com/files/2008/12/nuremberg_defendants.jpg?w=300" alt="The first Nuremberg Trial" width="210" height="156" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The first Nuremberg Trial</p></div>
<p>To the victors go the spoils, and the winners of wars write the history books. Let&#8217;s add to the list of truisms, Americans don&#8217;t get tried for war crimes, whether they deserve it or not.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Or do they?</p>
<p>The media has been reporting the details of the executive summary from the  <a href="http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2008/Detainees.121108.pdf" target="_blank">Senate Armed Services Committee&#8217;s study of U.S. interrogation tactics</a> (i.e., torture) since the start of the war on terror. The report has led some people to think the Committee is laying down the groundwork for someone convening some kind of trial, though I doubt it would be like the first war crimes trial, Nuremberg (more on that later).</p>
<p>The executive summary puts it out bluntly:</p>
<p>&#8220;The abuse of detainees in U.S. custody cannot simply be attributed to the actions of &#8220;a few bad apples&#8221; acting on their own. The fact is that senior officials in the United States government solicited information on how to use aggressive techniques, redefined the law to create the appearance of their legality, and authorized their use against detainees.&#8221;</p>
<p><em>The New York Times</em> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/opinion/18thu1.html" target="_blank">noted this week</a> that &#8220;the officials&#8230;issued legally and morally bankrupt documents to justify their actions, starting with a presidential order saying that the Geneva Conventions did not apply to prisoners of the &#8220;war on terror&#8221; &#8211; the first time any democratic nation had unilaterally reinterpreted the conventions.&#8221;</p>
<div id="attachment_612" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 178px"><a href="http://mburgan.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/rumsfeld-book.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-612" title="rumsfeld-book" src="http://mburgan.wordpress.com/files/2008/12/rumsfeld-book.jpg" alt="Not my favorite guy..." width="168" height="168" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Not my favorite guy...</p></div>
<p>Well-timed with the report&#8217;s release was an article by Michael Ratner in the Winter 2008 issue of <em>Amnesty International</em>. The article is an excerpt from his book <em>The Trial of Donald Rumsfeld</em>, in which Ratner conducts his own trial of the &#8220;war criminals&#8221; responsible for the torture at Abu Ghraib, Guantánamo, and the secret CIA prisons around the world. The defendants include Donald Rumsfeld, George Tenet, Alberto Gonzalez, John Yoo, David Addington, and others. Our pres and veep are off the hook because they cannot be charged with crimes allegedly committed while in office.</p>
<p>Ratner traces the history of the various memos written to spell out the tactics that would be used and their justification. They started with saying detainees would not be considered prisoners of war and thus not subject to the Geneva Convention, Bush&#8217;s memo saying torture could be used if it were required by necessity, and Yoo&#8217;s memo saying, in effect, the president can orders certain tactics that seem like torture and not be breaking the law -  the Geneva Convention, other international agreements, and our own laws be damned. And of course, what constituted torture was narrowly defined, moving away from the widely accepted notion of torture as, in Ratner&#8217;s words, &#8220;intentionally inflicting significant pain, or putting someone in fear of serious physical injury.&#8221; I don&#8217;t know about you, but if I were naked and someone pointed a fang-bearing, growling dog at my balls and said Fido was going to remove them for me, I would be in fear of some serious physical injury.</p>
<div id="attachment_285" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 106px"><a href="http://mburgan.wordpress.com/files/2008/11/abu_ghraib.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-285" title="abu_ghraib" src="http://mburgan.wordpress.com/files/2008/11/abu_ghraib.jpg?w=229" alt="And what didn't we see or hear about?" width="96" height="126" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">And what didn&#39;t we see or hear about?</p></div>
<p>The Yoos and Addingtons and others who wrote these memos, did they believe all this putrid rationalization of what almost everyone else sees as torture? I don&#8217;t know. Maybe they were just following orders (hmm, that Nuremberg scent again). But <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/us/02detain.html" target="_blank">as we learned this year</a>, somebody in the government should have known they were teaching torture techniques to CIA and military interrogators. Some of the tactics came from a 1957 report that documented the techniques used to coerce false confessions from captured American GIs during the Korean War.  And everybody knew Cheney&#8217;s favorite party game, waterboarding, was on the list of proscribed tactics.</p>
<p>I suppose if you want to defend Bush and his partners in crime, you say the ends justify the means: gotta protect the homeland. But then you have people inside and out of the military and intelligence communities saying no &#8211; the info we get through torture is not guaranteed accurate. Just the opposite, as folks have a tendency to tell you what you want to hear so you won&#8217;t keep them in stressful positions for hours, hosing them down with cold water, or depriving them of sleep.</p>
<p>Bringing up Nuremberg in the context of Ratner&#8217;s article and the Senate report might upset some people. You, you mean you&#8217;re equating our president and his aides with the Nazis? No, not exactly (though the &#8220;only following orders&#8221; comment does show some kind of bias&#8230;). The administration did not commit atrocities on a grand, psychopathic scale. But Americans who thing being patriotic means shutting down your reason and morality during wartime need to accept the facts: our leaders lie. At times they break the law. And those who are guilty should be punished, especially if we want to live up to the high values we constantly assert we govern by. At the least, there was in this case a perversion of justice, of the rule of law, that would have shocked Robert Jackson, the chief U.S. prosecutor at Nuremberg. Ratner cites this quote from Jackson&#8217;s opening statement in November 1945 (which can be found <a href="http://www.roberthjackson.org/Man/theman2-7-8-1/" target="_blank">here</a>):</p>
<p>&#8220;But the ultimate step in avoiding periodic wars&#8230;is to make statesmen responsible to law. And let me make clear that while this law is first applied against German aggressors&#8230;if it is to serve a useful purpose it must condemn aggression by any other nations, including those which sit here now in judgment.&#8221;</p>
<p>And of course, those sitting in judgment included the United States.</p>
<p><a href="http://mburgan.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/nuremberg-legacy1.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-614" title="nuremberg-legacy1" src="http://mburgan.wordpress.com/files/2008/12/nuremberg-legacy1.jpg" alt="nuremberg-legacy1" width="95" height="144" /></a>Norbert Ehrenfreund was also at Nuremberg, serving as a reporter for <em>Stars and Stripes</em>. Later, he went to law school and then served as a California superior court judge for 30 years. In 2007, he published <em>The Nuremberg Legacy.</em> The trials of Goering and hundreds of other Nazis created the framework for future international tribunals and established the notion of war crimes. It also said that even those accused of the most heinous crimes during war would face some semblance of fair justice (whether that has been carried out at all times, some might disagree, but again, the winners do call the shots). Because of Nuremberg, Ehrenfreund argues, the world created the UN Declaration of Human Rights, and amended Geneva Conventions on prisoners&#8217; rights and torture, and passed the UN Conventions Against Torture. The Bush stance on detainees and torture, on denying <em>habeus corpus</em> and due process, violated all those protection. They were blots on the country and were &#8220;not the legacy that Nuremberg promised. America must take back that legacy and save itself from being lost in the name of national security.&#8221;</p>
<p>A war-crimes trial of our own, right here in the USA, might be one way to start. But don&#8217;t hold your breath. We are the &#8220;victors,&#8221; and we don&#8217;t try our own. Hell, we didn&#8217;t even bring impeachment charges against the one president most deserving of them in 220 years of US history (not that Nixon didn&#8217;t deserve them; Clinton -  well&#8230;not the place for that argument. But on the scale of lying about blowjobs and Bush and Co&#8217;s acts, you know where I stand). I guess we will have to suffice with Ratner&#8217;s mock trial. Or the online &#8220;jury vote&#8221; carried out by Philip Zimbardo (and reported <a href="http://thesituationist.wordpress.com/2008/12/19/bush-cheney-rumsfeld-and-tenet-guilty/" target="_blank">here</a>). Or hope that I&#8217;m wrong and somewhere, here or abroad, someone has the guts to bring the charges against Rumsfeld and others that they deserve.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[MSU Bulldogs Hold Strong in Opening Exhibition Basketball Game]]></title>
<link>http://bulldogmaroonwhite.wordpress.com/2008/11/02/msu-bulldogs-hold-strong-in-opening-exhibition-basketball-game/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 00:49:44 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Kyle Weidie</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bulldogmaroonwhite.wordpress.com/2008/11/02/msu-bulldogs-hold-strong-in-opening-exhibition-basketball-game/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[TCOB&#8230;.&#8220;Taking Care of Business&#8221;&#8230;.that&#8217;s what the Mississippi State Bul]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>TCOB</strong>&#8230;.<em>&#8220;Taking Care of Business&#8221;</em>&#8230;.that&#8217;s what the Mississippi State Bulldogs did in their opening exhibition match against the DII Montevallo Falcons. In 2007, the Falcons were champions of the Gulf South Conference, and made it to the DII Elite Eight. On Saturday, the Bulldogs held the Falcons to 32.4% shooting en route to an 88-59 win.</p>
<p>Didn&#8217;t see the game, but here&#8217;s what I learned from the boxscore:</p>
<ul>
<li>The Bulldog offense started out slow shooting 36.1% in the first half, and ideally, you&#8217;d like MSU to put up more than 88 points against a DII opponent&#8230;&#8230;but all that&#8217;s okay. With a mix of fresh faces, and a new PG trying to get acclimated to running the offense, the development won&#8217;t be instant gratification.</li>
<li>Speaking of that point guard, <strong>Dee Bost</strong> couldn&#8217;t find the range from outside, going 1-5 from deep, but I&#8217;d much rather see that 7 assists to only 3 turnovers in his stat line. Bost played a team high 32 minutes.</li>
<li><strong>Ravern Johnson</strong> led the Dawgs in scoring with 19, and took the most shots, 14 attempts, making 8. It&#8217;s looking more and more like he will be the safe bet to be Mississippi State&#8217;s leading scorer this year.</li>
<li><strong>Barry Stewart</strong> filled up the stat sheet in good ways (10 points, 4 assists, 5 rebounds, a block and a steal), and bad (3 turnovers, 4 fouls). I believe that if Barry Stewart accepts the role of Robin to Ravern Johnson&#8217;s Batman, the two will form one of the more dangerous scoring duos in the SEC. I hope to see Stewart hitting a lot of spot up jumpers created by Bost and Johnson.</li>
<li><strong>Jarvis Varnado</strong> had a very strong game &#8212; 17 points (7-9 shooting), 12 boards, 8 blocks, 4 assists, 1 turnover &#8212; those last two categories being the most remarkable.</li>
<li>Perhaps freshman big man, <strong>Romero Osby</strong>, was just as impressive with a double-double (10 points, 11 rebounds) in only 13 minutes on the court.</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>News Quotables:</strong></h3>
<p>[<a title="MSU rolls past Montevallo for hoops win - NE Mississippi Daily Journal" href="http://www.djournal.com/pages/story.asp?ID=281421&#38;pub=1&#38;div=Sports" target="_blank"><strong>MSU rolls past Montevallo for hoops win - NE Mississippi Daily Journal</strong></a>]</p>
<p>Stansbury was especially pleased with his team&#8217;s unselfish play. The Bulldogs had assists on 23 of their 32 field goals. &#8220;I think the thing that was most pleasing to me was, we shared that basketball,&#8221; he said. &#8220;I thought that basketball flowed through a lot of people.&#8221;</p>
<p>[<a title="MSU Post Game Coaches Quotes PDF MStateAthletics.com" href="http://www.mstateathletics.com/fls/16800/pdf/mbk/mbk_postgame_110108.pdf?SPSID=90865&#38;SPID=10994&#38;DB_OEM_ID=16800" target="_blank"><strong>Rick Stansbury Post Game Quotes MStateAthletics.com</strong></a>]</p>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;[<strong>Jarvis Varnado</strong>] is special in his ability to pass out of the paint. If people double team him it is okay to throw it in there. It is not like a black hole, once it goes in it does not go out.&#8221;<br /><em>In other words, Varnado is not like Robert Jackson&#8230;.or Mario Austin&#8230;.or Lawrence Roberts&#8230;.or Charles Rhodes. Nothing against those guys, but a big man more willing to pass is refreshing.<br />
</em></li>
<li>&#8220;Number one [<strong>Romero Osby</strong>] plays hard and he is very active. He goes after the boards every time a shot goes up.&#8221;</li>
<li><strong><em>In reference to Dee Bost: </em></strong>&#8220;If I were a player I would be smiling, because all you have to do is run if you want to score. I should never as a coach, tell you to sprint, because if you want that basketball all you got to do is run hard.&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;I like our ability to share the basketball and the chemistry we are working with. <strong>Brian Johnson</strong> did a good job establishing his presence tonight as well.&#8221;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>For other thoughts</strong>, check out the <a title="Open Discussion about Scrimmage - bullybasketball.blogspot" href="http://bullybasketball.blogspot.com/2008/11/open-discussion-about-scrimmage.html" target="_blank">comment section on this post at <strong>bullybasketball.blogspot</strong></a>.</p>
<p><strong>Next up: </strong>Exhibition #2 against <strong>Oklahoma City</strong> in Starkville on Saturday, November 8th.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Does Rick Stansbury have a shot at Keith "Tiny" Gallon?]]></title>
<link>http://bulldogmaroonwhite.wordpress.com/2008/10/31/does-rick-stansbury-have-a-shot-at-keith-tiny-gallon/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2008 19:36:41 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Kyle Weidie</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bulldogmaroonwhite.wordpress.com/2008/10/31/does-rick-stansbury-have-a-shot-at-keith-tiny-gallon/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s well known that the Mississippi State Bulldogs are on the radar of Keith &#8220;Tiny]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>It&#8217;s well known that the Mississippi State Bulldogs are on the radar of Keith &#8220;Tiny&#8221; Gallon. It should be made clear that the &#8220;Tiny&#8221; part is ironic, but not the &#8220;Gallon,&#8221; as this 6&#8242;9&#8243; center prospect, ranked 21st overall (3rd among centers) by ESPN.com/Scouts Inc., weighs in at around 300 pounds.</p>
<p>In his <a title="Big men - Bob Gibbons" href="http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/recruiting/basketball/mens/columns/story?columnist=gibbons_bob&#38;id=3632255" target="_blank">assessment of superlatives among high school big men, Scout Inc.&#8217;s Bob Gibbons</a> admits that Gallon is one of only three centers ranking in the overall top 25, but does not rank Gallon within the top three in areas such as rebounding, shot blocking, low-post scoring, and high-post scoring.</p>
<p>More recently, <a title="Gallon inconsistent, Jones breaks out at Oak Hill-Patterson scrimmage - Bob Gibbons, ESPN.com" href="http://proxy.espn.go.com/ncaa/recruiting/basketball/mens/news/story?id=3646885" target="_blank">Gibbons had this to say about Gallon after observing a mid-October scrimmage</a> of his high school team, Oak Hill Academy: <em>&#8220;Gallon powered for 10 points and 9 rebounds in the first period of Tuesday&#8217;s scrimmage. However, he did not score in the second period. He is still overweight and not in good playing condition. He wore down during the night and when fatigued he has a tendency to bring the ball down in the post and lose it or get tied up.&#8221;</em></p>
<p>Other <a title="Keith Gallon Profile - Draft Express" href="http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Keith-Gallon-5248/" target="_blank">profiles on Gallon, such as the one on Draft Express</a>, continue to relay the message that the kid is out of shape. But go check some <a title="Keith Gallon YouTube" href="http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%22keith+gallon%22&#38;aq=f" target="_blank">YouTube videos of Gallon</a>, and he is clearly abnormally agile for a guy his size. What the big man can do with a ball is almost unprecedented&#8230;..even for his common comparison, <a title="Robert &#34;Tractor&#34; Traylor Wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Traylor" target="_blank">Robert &#8220;Tractor&#8221; Traylor</a>.</p>
<p>So what gives? Well, obviously the AAU/High School system is less about developing and teaching players and more about <em>&#8216;what can I do for myself lately?&#8217;</em> on all levels.</p>
<p>The question is, if Rick Stansbury gets Gallon to Starkville, can he prod the big man into living up to his potential? Stansbury isn&#8217;t exactly known for being able to motivate those who lack the full desire to be motivated&#8230;..just ask Robert Jackson and Marcus Campbell. Stansbury expects his players to be self-motivated. Not all coaches do it the same way, that&#8217;s just Stansbury&#8217;s style. Now, it might behoove him to be more like, say, Roy Williams, but with the difficult work it takes to produce a winner at Mississippi State, I can&#8217;t exactly blame Stansbury for not taking the time to be a hand-holding nurturer.</p>
<p>Right now, the latest reports indicate that the Bulldogs, California, and Oklahoma are at the top of Gallon&#8217;s list, with Arizona, Arkansas, Texas A&#38;M, Tennessee, and Georgetown being somewhat in the picture. I&#8217;ve heard rumors that Stansbury is losing out on Gallon, but I wouldn&#8217;t count Slick Rick out of a recruiting battle, ever. At this point, even <a title="Gallon’s coach unsure about choice - BearTalk" href="http://www.ibabuzz.com/beartalk/2008/10/27/basketball-gallons-coach-unsure-about-choice/" target="_blank">Gallon&#8217;s coach is unsure about his decision</a>.</p>
<p>Will &#8220;Tiny&#8221; one day squeeze into maroon &#38; white? Stay tuned&#8230;..</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Football radio heaven]]></title>
<link>http://sheffieldblog.com/2008/08/03/football-radio-heaven/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 03 Aug 2008 17:39:05 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Sheffield blog</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sheffieldblog.com/2008/08/03/football-radio-heaven/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[On the eve of the new football season, BBC Radio Sheffield&#8217;s football magazine show returns I]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p><strong>On the eve of the new football season, BBC Radio Sheffield&#8217;s football magazine show returns</strong></p>
<p>I&#8217;m pretty excited about the new football season. And I&#8217;m also greatly anticipating the return of BBC Radio Sheffield&#8217;s weeknight <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/radio_sheffield/football_heaven/index.shtml" target="_blank">Football Heaven</a> radio phone-in show from Monday, with a special programme live from Sheffield Hallam University.</p>
<p>The football magazine show takes place 6-7pm Monday to Friday, plus there is an extended phone-in on Saturdays after the results are in. It basically continues the <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/content/articles/2007/10/19/first_football_phone_in.shtml" target="_blank">Praise or grumble</a> concept invented all those years ago by the legendary local sports broadcaster Robert Jackson, who is now retired.</p>
<p>If you&#8217;re like me then when the team I support loses, I opt for a football media blackout the day after, choosing to ignore the goals on TV and shunning the match reports. However, come Monday night I&#8217;ll be coming back for more and tuning in to Football Heaven, looking forward to the next fixture with the bleak optimism that 3 points can be bagged.</p>
<p>Of course the quality of the show is influenced by the quality of the callers, but luckily there are some entertaining regulars who can usually be relied up to make it a worthwhile listen.</p>
<p>Hosts Seth Bennett or Andy Giddings play devil&#8217;s advocate as much as they are able to on the weeknight show. If Seth is presenting then don&#8217;t be fooled by his affable and warm radio manner: wait until you hear one of his probing interviews with chairmen of local clubs and supporters groups, as they can be radio dynamite.</p>
<p>And if you are out then you can catch up with the show after it has been broadcast each night using the BBC&#8217;s iPlayer. That said, a Football Heaven podcast would also be a great way to consume the show&#8230;</p>
<p>Monday&#8217;s edition is being transmitted live from Sheffield Hallam University in front of a studio audience.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Loyalty]]></title>
<link>http://clancycross.wordpress.com/2008/07/13/loyalty/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 05:29:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Clancy Cross</dc:creator>
<guid>http://clancycross.wordpress.com/2008/07/13/loyalty/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Every so often something happens causing me to reflect on &#8220;loyalty.&#8221; What is it? Where d]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><p>Every so often something happens causing me to reflect on &#8220;loyalty.&#8221;  What is it?  Where do my own loyalties lie?  What principles define my loyalties?  How strong and deep do these loyalties go?  If having to choose among conflicting loyalties, how should I decide &#8212; how would I decide?  Are my loyalties more toward others than loyalty toward myself?  Each one of these is a loaded question.</p>
<p>Personal reflection recently led me to a few conclusions and more questions.  Here’s what I’ve decided so far:</p>
<ul>
<li>Everyone has multiple loyalties.  Examples include loyalty to: an idea, a principle, a friend, a hero, a teacher or student, a cause, an organization, a team, an object, a pet, spouse, family, self, and God. Hopefully God is not last.)</li>
<li>Our loyalties reflect our character.</li>
<li>As we change, some loyalties change.</li>
<li>Some loyalties are stronger than others.</li>
<li>Emotional loyalties are much stronger than loyalties based on logic.</li>
<li>People betray their own loyalties.</li>
</ul>
<p>Here’s what others have decided:</p>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;When you&#8217;re part of a team, you stand up for your teammates. Your loyalty is to them. You protect them through good and bad, because they&#8217;d do the same for you.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Yogi Berra</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;A boy can learn a lot from a dog: obedience, loyalty, and the importance of turning around three times before lying down.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Robert Benchley</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;Men are more often bribed by their loyalties and ambitions than by money.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Robert Jackson</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;Loyalty to petrified opinion never yet broke a chain or freed a human soul.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Mark Twain, inscription beneath his bust in the Hall of Fame</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;So much of what is best in us is bound up in our love of family, that it remains the measure of our stability because it measures our sense of loyalty. All other pacts of love or fear derive from it and are modeled upon it.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Haniel Long</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;UD, we hear you calling,<br />
Fidelity’s the test,<br />
Your sons and daughters answer from<br />
North, South, East and West,<br />
With measured tread advancing,<br />
Our emblem full in view,<br />
We sound your praise and pledge<br />
Our loyalty to the Red and Blue.&#8221;<br />
</span></em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8211; Excerpt from “The University of Dayton Anthem”</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;No more important duty can be urged upon those who are entering the great theater of life than simple loyalty to their best convictions.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Edwin Hubbel Chapin</span></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:maroon;">&#8220;The secret of a good life is to have the right loyalties and hold them in the right scale of values.&#8221;</span></em><span style="color:maroon;"> &#8212; Norman Thomas</span></p></blockquote>
<p>God bless,</p>
<p>&#8211; CC</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:xx-small;">©</span><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="font-size:xx-small;"> Copyright July 2008, Clancy Cross. All rights reserved.<br />
Read more “Clancy’s Quotes” at: <a title="Clancy's Quotes" href="../2008/07/10/">ClancyCross.WordPress.com</a></span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[350th Anniversary At Minton's]]></title>
<link>http://harlemworldblog.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/harlems-350th-anniversary-at-mintons/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2008 10:05:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>harlemworldblog</dc:creator>
<guid>http://harlemworldblog.wordpress.com/2008/07/11/harlems-350th-anniversary-at-mintons/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Celebrated Novelist Rosa Guy and the Harlem Writers Guild, which she helped found 58 years ago, are ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[Celebrated Novelist Rosa Guy and the Harlem Writers Guild, which she helped found 58 years ago, are ]]></content:encoded>
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