Beets and Cabbage Salad
3 raw beets #2 cone
1 green cabbage #5 cone
2 tsp Dijon mustard
1/4 cup white vinegar
1 tablespoon soy sauce
1 tablespoon sugar
7 tbs safflower oil
2 tbs chopped fresh mint

2 tsp Red wine vinegar
For beet salad:
Whisk vinegar and mustard in large bowl. Gradually whisk in 2tbsp oil, then mix in beets. Season with salt and pepper.

For cabbage salad:
Whisk vinegar, soy sauce, and sugar in another large bowl. Gradually whisk in 5 tbls oil. Mix in cabbage and mint. Season with salt and pepper. Let salads stand 30 minutes and up to 2 hours at room temperature, tossing occasionally

The young Mexican conceded that the two Friday sessions were not perfect preparation for Sundays race and that his incidents have left him lacking in confidence and feeling uneasy “Today was a difficult day for me, but an important one for the team. Still, I’m sure we will improve tomorrow.”

Perez is pining his hopes on changing the cars balance before Free Practice 3 on Saturday, “I’ll effectively be starting from zero because I’ll adopt a completely new set-up.”

Gary Paffett had begun work back in the Mclaren simulator in Woking straight after the sessions in China, to find a different set up which may help Sergio get back up to speed and on the right track for the rest of the weekend. The pair even had a conversation on Twitter to complement each others work:

You know the feeling. You start thinking about it almost as soon as the first guys tee it up Hyundai in January.

This week is the most extraordinary golf experience there is. Sure, you might not feel the whole nine yards Thursday, but once the TV comes on with the intro, the theme song, you know this is IT in golf.

I must admit, once Tiger finished his round yesterday, I feel asleep in the couch (yes, the Masters broadcast in Sweden comes on at 9 pm) after a while. But hey, you can always wake up again and watch for another hour.

And after the first round, there is an AWESOME leaderboard within reach of the green jacket. Tiger (gotta list him first of course), Sergio (never truly loved the guy, but I’m turning), Immelman (once a champion here, always…), Dustin (due huh?), Kuchar (boring steady means efficient), Furyk (nah…), Zach (do the immelman), Scott (Revenge! /Worms), Els (comeback player of last year?), Rose (no comment), and on and on…

We’ve got family coming in for the weekend, unforturnately none of them have the decency to appreciate the game of games. How do I explain my sudden leave five minutes before the broadcast at the family dinner? Must be done. Must be done though.

Magic all weekend long folks.

Every year there is an unknown that comes out of nowhere to either share the lead for a period of time or hold the lead after day one.  It doesn’t very often happen that these early leaders win the green jacket but it makes for fun storylines. 

So who are the winners and losers after day 1???

Tiger is right where he wants to be.  His round was static for awhile and could have went either way but I think he is happy to be at -2 par within four shots of the leader.  Lefty (Mickelson) had a tough round but I think people projected this.  He has chose to spend more time at home and why not?  The defending champ, Bubba Watson, really struggled his way around the course today.  He seems like he is just happy to be there.

Sergio Garcia is still on the hunt for his first major and the Master’s would be the best way to break the ice.  He posted a great score and still left some shots out there (missed at least two putts from inside 8 feet) and I hope that these don’t eat away at him.  He has gotten down on himself in the past and it has cost him.  There are a lot of great names bunced up from -1 to the leader and it will make for a very interesting tournament.

I still think it will come down to Snedeker, Woods and some other big name Americans in the end.  Westwood, Rose, Lynn, and Donald are all in very good postion but the Europeans haven’t won in soo long at Augusta it is hard to go with one of them.  If someone wanted to bet a long shot maybe put your money with Freddy??  That would be a fantastic story, I don’t know how likely though.
So far, the Master’s has delivered as promised.  Where else would you get to see a past Master’s winner in his twilight years (Crenshaw) and a fourteen year old amateur (Guan) both make birdie on the final hole?  If the final fifty four holes are as interesting as the opening 18 we are all in for a pleasant weekend of golf.

In this comic, logical thinking and rationale precede every action. That’s not always a good thing.

Also, sorry this was late. Yesterday was a hectic mess.

TAKE THE TEST AND MAKE A WISH NIGGAH,

SO WE CAN DICTATE YOUR FUTURE NIGGAH

The question is, why are so-called “Political Leaders” interested in administering standardized tests for your and my children? To answer this question, one must understand that, student test scores and/or data provide the evaluator with a base-line measure of the student’s intellectual capabilities.

So, let’s take an individual like Los Angeles Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, who by the way, is as Intellectually Challenged and/or Learning Handicapped as most students deemed Retarded by similarly Retarded-Student-Success-Teams in the Los Angeles Unified School District. In that, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa is a self-proclaimed “High-School-Drop-Out”, and would score Far-Below-Basic (FBB) on the Los Angeles Unified School Districts’ High School Exit Exam and/or any other Standardized Assessment Tool mandated by the State of California. Yep, you guessed it, the same Standardized Tests that Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies shove down the throats of your and my children, is the same Standardized Test that Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies have never taken, and/or incapable of passing. Be that as it may, why is Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa so adamant about collecting Data which measures the intellectual capabilities of your and my children? Too easy. In that, Politicians like Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa are too dumb and stupid to legitimately hold their Political Power and/or Authority based on their Academic Records, which they keep hidden from the Public. In that, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa conceals his own Academic Records, while at the same time Villaraigosa is able to create Political “Leverage” and/or a “Deceptive Edge” by knowing your and my children’s Standardized Test Data. Thus, allowing Politicians like Antonio R. Villaraigosa to sustain and/or maintain their Power and Influence over those at the lower echelon’s of Society. You see, Mayor Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies need to know which Citizens in the City of Los Angeles pose the greatest threat to their Political Order, and Student Assessment Data gives them just that, a measure to gauge and nullify potential threats and/or challenges to the Power Perceptions and/or the Power Facades projected by Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies. You see, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa is as “Dumb as a Door Knob”. In that, the average fifth grader is more intellectually qualified to serve as Mayor of the City of Los Angeles, if it were not for the age requirement holding the fifth grader from competing with a “Gimp” like Antonio R. Villaraigosa. Therefore, Dumb-Ass Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa surrounds himself with a bunch of Number-Crunching-Mathemagicians and/or Probability-Projectionists, also known as Egotistical-Economists. And these individuals use Standardized Test Data in order to isolate, contain and control those at the lower echelon of society who may pose a potential threat to “Dummies” who control America’s Political Landscape. Hence, the following examples will shed some light on exactly how these Deceptively Wise Mathemagicians use Student Assessment data to dictate the destiny of your and my children:

EXAMPLE#1: If Student Assessment Data reflect deficits in Reading Fluency and/or Reading Comprehension, then the Number-Crunching-Mathemagicians and/or Probability-Projectionists who protect Dumb Politicians like Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, know that the chances of incarceration increases for individual’s with deficits in Reading Fluency and/or Reading Comprehension, thus nullifying the threat this individual may pose to Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, and to the Political Powers that be. Not to mention the fact that based on Student Assessment Data Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa can solicit Federal Funding for The Los Angeles Superior Courts, The Los Angeles Police Department, The L.A. County Sheriffs Department and for the building of more Prisons in the State of California. Hell, statisticians affiliated with the American Industrial Prison Complex have boasted about how they can determine how many prisons they will need to build simply by examining Third Grade Reading Scores.

EXAMPLE #2:, If Student Assessment Data reflect deficits in Basic Mathematical Computational Skills, then Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa can share this Data with his Business and/or Governmental Associates (i.e. The Child Support Services Department), who will use this Data to bombard that Population with Sub-Prime-Mortgages, Inaccurate and/or Skewed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) Scores (Credit Scores), Pay-Day-Loans, High-Interest-Automobile-Loans, Astronomical Department of Water and Power Rates, Substandard Communications Devises and/or Mobile Phones, Poorly Manufactured Automobiles, Run-Away-Fuel-Costs, Outlandish-Prices on Substandard-Denatured Foods and Fraudulent-Child-Support-Obligations.

EXAMPLE #3: If Student Assessment Data reflect deficits in Vocabulary and the use of Punctuation then Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa can share that Assessment Data with Judges and Lawyer’s within the Los Angeles County Superior Courts, who will use that Data to appear “Intellectually Superior”, when in reality, these Judges and Lawyers are merely exploiting the Populations Intellectual Deficits in order to mask and/or cover-up their own “Intellectual-Inferiority and/or Academic Deficits”. Thus, allowing these Retarded and/or Learning-Handicapped Judges and Lawyers to write your and my children’s manifest destiny, from their Incompetent and/or Academically Challenged Perspective. But don’t take my word for it listen to a man by the name of Malcolm X, who was eloquently out-lining these issues in the 1960′s:

Parents are here-by recommended and encouraged to Opt-Out of all Standardized Testing and/or Student Assessments until all Politicians, School Superintendents, School Union Leaders, School Principals, School Administrators, School Teachers, Preachers, Ministers, Rabbis, Imams, Popes, Priests, Judges, Lawyers and Law Enforcement Officials make ALL of their Academic Transcripts, Student Assessment Data and Standardized Test Scores available to the public. As a matter of fact, before any Assessment Tool is administered to students, Parents should automatically receive the Academic Transcripts of all Government Officials within a 100 mile Radius Circumference from the School District that is administering the Assessment Tool.

DR. BOMANI’S COLLEGE TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S MILITARY TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S HIGH SCHOOL TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S JR. HIGH SCHOOL TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S CBEST SCORES

DR. BOMANI’S RICA SCORES

DR. BOMANI’S ASVAB SCORES

DR. BOMANI’S COMPETENCY SUMMARY

DR. BOMANI’S AWARDS

MEET THE DOG SHIT UGLY REPTILIAN

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

THEY SMILE BECAUSE THEY GET PAID TO WAREHOUSE YOUR CHILDREN

INSIDE THE MIND’S EYE OF A REPTILE

BILLY (THE SNAKE) GATES

Billy (The Snake) Gates is “Supposedly” one of America’s Greatest Minds, yet even he cannot think beyond the mathematical circumference of Capitalism. In that, since Billy (The Snake) Gates has place his hand into the realm of academia through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation one must study and examine his motives. Surely, Billy (The Snake) Gates knows and understands Bloom’s Taxonomy and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Not to mention the fact that, Billy (The Snake) Gates must know and understand the effects Genetically Modified Foods and Vaccines have on the Mind’s of Non-Caucasoid-Humanoid’s while they engaged in so-called “Academic Rigor”? Surely, this knowledge is what prompted Billy (The Snake) Gates to commission the transformation of the common toilet into a Super-Charged-Waterless-Shit-Containment-Contraption? You see, therein, may lay the problem, that Billy (The Snake) Gates and the rest of his Reptilian-Mathemagicians and Probability-Projectionists know and understands all too well, the science behind: Bloom’s Taxonomy, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and their relationship to the Food Pyramid. And I will go out on a limb and say that, “Billy (The Snake) Gates and his Caucasoid-Reptilian-Cronies are using the Science behind Bloom’s Taxonomy and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to perpetuate, maintain and preserve the Caucasoid-Reptilian-Agenda and/or White Supremacy on this Planet”.

Notice that the closer the Humanoid gets to Creativity and/or Self-Actualization on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the closer the Humanoid gets to Food’s that have the greatest potential to adversely affect the Humanoid’s Mind and Body.

TAKE THE TEST AND MAKE A WISH NIGGAH,

SO WE CAN DICTATE YOUR FUTURE NIGGAH

The question is, why are so-called “Political Leaders” interested in administering standardized tests for your and my children? To answer this question, one must understand that, student test scores and/or data provide the evaluator with a base-line measure of the student’s intellectual capabilities.

So, let’s take an individual like Los Angeles Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, who by the way, is as Intellectually Challenged and/or Learning Handicapped as most students deemed Retarded by similarly Retarded-Student-Success-Teams in the Los Angeles Unified School District. In that, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa is a self-proclaimed “High-School-Drop-Out”, and would score Far-Below-Basic (FBB) on the Los Angeles Unified School Districts’ High School Exit Exam and/or any other Standardized Assessment Tool mandated by the State of California. Yep, you guessed it, the same Standardized Tests that Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies shove down the throats of your and my children, is the same Standardized Test that Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies have never taken, and/or incapable of passing. Be that as it may, why is Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa so adamant about collecting Data which measures the intellectual capabilities of your and my children? Too easy. In that, Politicians like Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa are too dumb and stupid to legitimately hold their Political Power and/or Authority based on their Academic Records, which they keep hidden from the Public. In that, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa conceals his own Academic Records, while at the same time Villaraigosa is able to create Political “Leverage” and/or a “Deceptive Edge” by knowing your and my children’s Standardized Test Data. Thus, allowing Politicians like Antonio R. Villaraigosa to sustain and/or maintain their Power and Influence over those at the lower echelon’s of Society. You see, Mayor Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies need to know which Citizens in the City of Los Angeles pose the greatest threat to their Political Order, and Student Assessment Data gives them just that, a measure to gauge and nullify potential threats and/or challenges to the Power Perceptions and/or the Power Facades projected by Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa and his Political Cronies. You see, Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa is as “Dumb as a Door Knob”. In that, the average fifth grader is more intellectually qualified to serve as Mayor of the City of Los Angeles, if it were not for the age requirement holding the fifth grader from competing with a “Gimp” like Antonio R. Villaraigosa. Therefore, Dumb-Ass Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa surrounds himself with a bunch of Number-Crunching-Mathemagicians and/or Probability-Projectionists, also known as Egotistical-Economists. And these individuals use Standardized Test Data in order to isolate, contain and control those at the lower echelon of society who may pose a potential threat to “Dummies” who control America’s Political Landscape. Hence, the following examples will shed some light on exactly how these Deceptively Wise Mathemagicians use Student Assessment data to dictate the destiny of your and my children:

EXAMPLE#1: If Student Assessment Data reflect deficits in Reading Fluency and/or Reading Comprehension, then the Number-Crunching-Mathemagicians and/or Probability-Projectionists who protect Dumb Politicians like Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, know that the chances of incarceration increases for individual’s with deficits in Reading Fluency and/or Reading Comprehension, thus nullifying the threat this individual may pose to Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa, and to the Political Powers that be. Not to mention the fact that based on Student Assessment Data Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa can solicit Federal Funding for The Los Angeles Superior Courts, The Los Angeles Police Department, The L.A. County Sheriffs Department and for the building of more Prisons in the State of California. Hell, statisticians affiliated with the American Industrial Prison Complex have boasted about how they can determine how many prisons they will need to build simply by examining Third Grade Reading Scores.

EXAMPLE #2:, If Student Assessment Data reflect deficits in Basic Mathematical Computational Skills, then Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa can share this Data with his Business and/or Governmental Associates (i.e. The Child Support Services Department), who will use this Data to bombard that Population with Sub-Prime-Mortgages, Inaccurate and/or Skewed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) Scores (Credit Scores), Pay-Day-Loans, High-Interest-Automobile-Loans, Astronomical Department of Water and Power Rates, Substandard Communications Devises and/or Mobile Phones, Poorly Manufactured Automobiles, Run-Away-Fuel-Costs, Outlandish-Prices on Substandard-Denatured Foods and Fraudulent-Child-Support-Obligations.

EXAMPLE #3: If Student Assessment Data reflect deficits in Vocabulary and the use of Punctuation then Mayor Antonio R. Villaraigosa can share that Assessment Data with Judges and Lawyer’s within the Los Angeles County Superior Courts, who will use that Data to appear “Intellectually Superior”, when in reality, these Judges and Lawyers are merely exploiting the Populations Intellectual Deficits in order to mask and/or cover-up their own “Intellectual-Inferiority and/or Academic Deficits”. Thus, allowing these Retarded and/or Learning-Handicapped Judges and Lawyers to write your and my children’s manifest destiny, from their Incompetent and/or Academically Challenged Perspective. But don’t take my word for it listen to a man by the name of Malcolm X, who was eloquently out-lining these issues in the 1960′s:

Parents are here-by recommended and encouraged to Opt-Out of all Standardized Testing and/or Student Assessments until all Politicians, School Superintendents, School Union Leaders, School Principals, School Administrators, School Teachers, Preachers, Ministers, Rabbis, Imams, Popes, Priests, Judges, Lawyers and Law Enforcement Officials make ALL of their Academic Transcripts, Student Assessment Data and Standardized Test Scores available to the public. As a matter of fact, before any Assessment Tool is administered to students, Parents should automatically receive the Academic Transcripts of all Government Officials within a 100 mile Radius Circumference from the School District that is administering the Assessment Tool.

DR. BOMANI’S COLLEGE TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S MILITARY TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S HIGH SCHOOL TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S JR. HIGH SCHOOL TRANSCRIPTS

DR. BOMANI’S CBEST SCORES

DR. BOMANI’S RICA SCORES

DR. BOMANI’S ASVAB SCORES

DR. BOMANI’S COMPETENCY SUMMARY

DR. BOMANI’S AWARDS

MEET THE DOG SHIT UGLY REPTILIAN

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

THEY SMILE BECAUSE THEY GET PAID TO WAREHOUSE YOUR CHILDREN

INSIDE THE MIND’S EYE OF A REPTILE

BILLY (THE SNAKE) GATES

Billy (The Snake) Gates is “Supposedly” one of America’s Greatest Minds, yet even he cannot think beyond the mathematical circumference of Capitalism. In that, since Billy (The Snake) Gates has place his hand into the realm of academia through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation one must study and examine his motives. Surely, Billy (The Snake) Gates knows and understands Bloom’s Taxonomy and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Not to mention the fact that, Billy (The Snake) Gates must know and understand the effects Genetically Modified Foods and Vaccines have on the Mind’s of Non-Caucasoid-Humanoid’s while they engaged in so-called “Academic Rigor”? Surely, this knowledge is what prompted Billy (The Snake) Gates to commission the transformation of the common toilet into a Super-Charged-Waterless-Shit-Containment-Contraption? You see, therein, may lay the problem, that Billy (The Snake) Gates and the rest of his Reptilian-Mathemagicians and Probability-Projectionists know and understands all too well, the science behind: Bloom’s Taxonomy, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and their relationship to the Food Pyramid. And I will go out on a limb and say that, “Billy (The Snake) Gates and his Caucasoid-Reptilian-Cronies are using the Science behind Bloom’s Taxonomy and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to perpetuate, maintain and preserve the Caucasoid-Reptilian-Agenda and/or White Supremacy on this Planet”.

Notice that the closer the Humanoid gets to Creativity and/or Self-Actualization on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the closer the Humanoid gets to Food’s that have the greatest potential to adversely affect the Humanoid’s Mind and Body.

Washington beachcombers report numerous eyesores like this one in recent months.

Pacific Beach State Park, WA – Tsunami debris, the aftermath of a devastating earthquake that shook Japan over two years ago, continues to wash onto Washington beaches. More than 200,000 buildings were washed out to sea by the enormous waves that followed the magnitude 9.0 earthquake on March 11, 2011. Cars, boats, lumber, plastic buoys and even whole houses have made their way to Washington beaches ever since.

Longtime beachcomber Daryle Rico is trying to take it all in stride. “I can deal with the cars and body parts I find along the shore,” says Rico. “To me, the biggest eyesore is that ugly Costa Rican I see strolling on the beach.”

Scientists state that once the debris field reaches the U.S. West coast, it will turn clock-wise toward Hawaii and back again toward Asia, circulating in what is known as the North Pacific Gyre. The gyre is the largest ecosystem on Earth and is the site of an unusually large collection of man-made debris, and is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

Thousands of Washingtonians have volunteered their time to clear the beach of most of the garbage that has sailed across the Pacific, but scientists predict more debris is in store.

According to a spokesperson from the Washington CoastSavers, “We can handle most of the trash that is arriving from Japan, but there is not much we can do about those smarmy Costa Ricans.”

Come on people, look at this Gimp Mother-F%ckah and tell me that, you would not have kicked the shit out of his dopy-punk-ass had you caught his bitch ass by himself behind the backstop on the playground. Now I know Political Correctness has placed Mother-F%ckah’s on hush mode, so allow me to speak on your behalf.SOMETHING TELLS ME THAT RUDY HUXTABLE, JUSTIN THE BITCH BIEBER, BLACK AND WHITE MICHAEL JACKSON, ANDROGYNOUS GIMP BLANKET JACKSON, EDDIE “F%CKING” MUNSTER, FAGGOT ASS NICHOLAS FROM EIGHT IS ENOUGH, SIMP-ASS WALT DISNEY BITCH JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE, CINDY “THE HOE” BRADY, PHYSICIST AND PARAPLEGIC GIMP STEPHEN HAWKINS, PENNY FROM GOOD TIMES, LEAVE IT TO BITCH ASS BEAVER, ARNALD THE COON FROM DIFFERENT STROKES, MACAULAY THE CRACK HEAD CULKIN, MUSTY TEARS ANNETTE FUNICELLO AND BRANDON CRUZ WOULD HAVE BEEN KICKING THE SHIT OUT OF ALEX LIBBY’S BITCH-GIMP-ASS IF HE CAME ANYWHERE NEAR THEIR SAFE AND HAPPY FAIRYTALE WORLD.

GOD-DAMN PEOPLE, IT DOES NOT GET ANY MORE REAL THAN THIS. OH AND ANOTHER THING, IF ALEX LIBBY CALLED HIS SO-CALLED, “PEER-ON-PEER ABUSE” BEING “BULLIED”, TELL HIS BITCH ASS, AND THE REST OF THESE FAIRYTALE GIMPS TO BRING THEIR ASS’S TO THE CITY OF COMPTON AND/OR SOUTH CENTRAL LOS ANGELES AND GET A TASTE OF REAL PHYSICAL, VERBAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TERROR. HELL ALEX LIBBY AND THE REST OF THESE BUBBLE BUNKER GIMPS WOULD NOT LAST A DAY UNDER THE TERRORIZING TORMENT KID’S ARE EXPERIENCING IN THE DILAPIDATED AND IMPOVERISHED SCHOOLS IN THE CITY OF COMPTON AND SOUTH CENTRAL LOS ANGELES.

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Another strong outing from Madison Bumgarner whose mastery of the Rockies continues. Here’s hoping Timmy keeps it rolling tonight with a little better command and less walks.

Sergio Romo tweeted that his goal was 50 saves and he is well on his way with four in as many appearances. Rock on Sergio! That’s What’s Up!

Go Giants!

Comicdom Con Athens 2013.
Η γιορτή των comics, στην Ελληνοαμερικανική Ένωση. 19, 20 και 21 Απριλίου.
Διεθνείς καλεσμένοι, εκθέσεις, προβολές, εργαστήρια δημιουργίας, bazaar, παιδικό πρόγραμμα.
19, 20 και 21 Απριλίου, στην Ελληνοαμερικανική Ένωση, Μασσαλίας 22
Είσοδος Ελεύθερη

http://www.comicdom.gr
Direction: Sergio Kotsovoulos | Petros Christoulias
Character design: Petros Christoulias
Animation: Petros Christoulias Sergio Kotsovoulos
Music/sound: Anthony P.
Voice over: Alina Kotsovoulou
http://www.pleaseinsertcoin.com
http://www.christoulias.com
http://www.alfa-p.com

*Fatores de Produção: capital, tecnologia, capacidade empresarial (de empreender), terras (imóvel) e mão de obra

• A primeira transação econômica surge quando nos feudos um feudo tinha excedente de produção de ovelhas, e outro excedente de produção de trigo (por exemplo), e as duas trocaram surgindo o chamado Escambo que é a troca direta de mercadorias.
• Sistemas Econômicos: É um particular sistema de organização da produção, distribuição e consumo de todos os bens e serviços que as pessoas utilizam buscando uma melhoria no padrão de vida e bem-estar.
• Elementos Básicos de um sistema econômico:

1. Estoque de recursos produtivos ou fatores de produção (capacidade empresarial, capital, terra, reservas naturais e tecnologia.)
2. Complexo de unidades de produção (constituído pelas empresas)
3. Conjunto de instituições políticas, jurídicas, econômicas e sociais (são a base da sociedade)

• Sistemas Econômicos são classificados em:

1. Capitalista ou economia de mercado:  Questões fundamentais são respondidas pelo mercado (se a procura maior é por carros, são produzidos mais carro por exemplo), predomina a livre iniciativa e a propriedade privada dos fatores de produção.
2. Socialista ou economia centralizada: Questões fundamentais são respondidas pelo órgão central, predominando a propriedade publica dos fatores de produção. (Hoje em dia, apenas Cuba e Coréia do Norte.)

• Curva de possibilidades de produção (CPP): Mostra a capacidade máxima de produção da sociedade, supondo pleno emprego dos recursos ou fatores de produção que se dispõe em dado momento do tempo. Mostra como a escassez de recurso limita a capacidade produtiva de uma sociedade.

• Em A todos os fatores de produção seriam utilizados para as máquinas e em E seriam apenas para os alimentos, em B, C e D os fatores de produção seriam distribuídos na produção de um e de outro bem.
• O ponto B, C e D são os ponto de pleno emprego onde 100% dos recursos disponíveis são utilizados.
• O ponto G é fisicamente impossível de se atingir, pois os recursos de esgotariam.
• O ponto F é fisicamente possível, porém é uma condição de subemprego ou desemprego.
• A análise conjunta da escassez de recursos leva-se á conclusão de que a economia é uma ciência ligada a problemas de escolha.

• Custo de Oportunidade
• Deixar de produzir o bem X para produzir o Y ou transferir fatores produção do bem X para o Y implica em um custo de oportunidade ou também chamado de Custo Alternativo. Por exemplo para aumentar a produção de alimentos de 30 para 60 toneladas nós sacrificamos 10 mil máquinas. (Ponto B para o D)
• O deslocamento da CPP para direita indica que o país está crescendo, isso ocorre por melhor aproveitamento de recursos já existentes ou aumento da quantidade física de fatores de produção.

• Fluxo Monetário:
• Numa Economia de Mercado as famílias são proprietárias do fatores de produção e os fornecem para unidades de produção (empresas) no mercado de fatores de produção. As empresas combinam esses fatores de produção e produzem bens e serviços e os fornecem as famílias.

• No mercado de bens e serviços, as famílias demandam bens e serviços, enquanto as empresas os oferecem. No mercado de fatores de produção as famílias oferecem os serviços dos fatores de produção (mão de obra, capital, terra, tecnologia, capacidade empresarial) enquanto as empresas os demandam (salário, juros, aluguel, royalty,  lucro, respectivamente). (Mão de obra gera salário, capital gera juros, etc.)
• O fluxo real só é possível com a moeda.
• Assim paralelamente ao fluxo real, temos o fluxo monetário da economia

• Unindo os dois, temos o fluxo circular de renda

- – - – Fluxo monetário (bens e serviços dos fatores de produção)

_____ Fluxo real (bens e serviços dos fatores de produção)

• No mercado de bens e serviços formam-se os preços dos bens e serviços, no de fatores de produção são determinados os preços dos fatores de produção (salários, juros etc.). No mercado de bens e serviços, determina-se “o que” e “quanto” produzir, no de fatores de produção é “para quem” produzir. “Como produzir” fica por conta das empresas.

• Ordem Econômica e Financeira 
• As normas constitucionais brasileiras foram criadas com a preocupação de promover o bem-estar da coletividade e encontram-se na CF de 88. Em ultima instancia, a atuação do Estado na economia buscou-se o que está previsto no artigo 170 da CF/88.
• “A ordem econômica, fundada na valorização do trabalho humano e na livre iniciativa, tem por fim assegurar a todos existência digna, conforme os ditames da justiça social,observados os seguintes princípios:

1. Soberania Nacional;
2. Propriedade Privada;
3. Função social da propriedade;
4. Livre Concorrência;
5. Defesa do consumidor;
6. Defesa do meio ambiente;
7. Redução das desigualdades regionais e sociais;
8. Busca do plenos emprego;
9. Tratamento favorecido para as empresas de pequeno porte construídas sob as leis brasileiras e que tenham sua sede e administração no País.

Parágrafo único: É assegurado a todos o livre exercício de qualquer atividade econômica, independentemente de autorização de órgãos públicos, salvo nos casos previstos em lei.”

• O artigo 173 reforça a livre iniciativa. “Ressalvados os casos previstos nesta Constituição, a exploração direta de atividade econômica pelo Estado só será permitida quando necessária aos imperativos da segurança nacional ou a relevante interesse coletivo,conforme definidos em lei.”
  
• Administração Direta: Ministérios e Secretarias (Poder Executivo)
• Administração Indireta: Órgãos como autarquias, empresas estatais (devem obedecer ás regras de mercado)

1. Empresas Públicas – 100% capital público.
2. Empresas de economia mista – parte capital público + parte capital privado.

• Estado em Atividade própria:

1. Impostos (Tributos)
2. Venda (Propriedade)
3. Fatores geradores (renda)

• Quando Estado está em atividade própria (quando cobra impostos etc)  surge a imunidade recíproca -> Se o Estado está exercendo atividade própria União, Distrito Federal e Município  ficam imunes. (União não cobra impostos do Estado, e Estado não cobra da união e assim por diante.) -> Artigo 150, inciso VI, a – “Instituir impostos sobre: a) patrimônio, renda ou serviços, uns dos outros.” b, c, d são sobre a imunidade genérica.

• Soberania
• Soberania trata-se de:

1. Poder absoluto e perpétuo de uma república
2. Elemento essencial do Estado

• Características: Una, indivisível, não anulável e imprescritível.
• Manifestação positiva e negativa.
• Estados não podem interferir na Economia um do outro pelo principio da soberania nacional.
• Imóveis
• Função Social:

1. Terreno (urbano)
2. Moradia
3. Bar (empresa)

• Caso de imóveis que não cumprem sua função social: Artigo 182, inciso III – “Desapropriação com pagamento mediante títulos da dívida pública de emissão previamente aprovada pelo Senado Federal, com prazo de resgate de até dez anos, em parcelas anuais, iguais e sucessivas, assegurados o valor real da indenização e os juros legais.”

• Propriedade Rural 
• Artigos 184 da CF/88. “Compete a União desapropriar por interesse social, para fins de reforma agrária, o imóvel rural que não esteja cumprindo sua função social, mediante prévia e justa indenização em títulos da dívida agrária, com cláusula de preservação do valor real, resgatáveis no prazo de até vinte anos, a partir do segundo ano de sua emissão, e cuja utilização será definida em lei.” e artigo 185 “São insuscetíveis de desapropriação para fins de reforma agrária: I- a pequena e média propriedade rural, assim definida em lei, desde que seu proprietário não possua outra. II – a propriedade produtiva.”

• Código de Defesa do Consumidor
• Antes do CDC o vendedor era tratado do mesmo patamar que o comprador
• Depois do CDC o fornecedor é completamente diferente do consumidor. (até os termos para tratar de compra e venda foram mudados, vendedor vira fornecedor e comprador vira consumidor).

• Artigo 170 CF/88 – VI - Defesa do Meio Ambiente - “Defesa do meio ambiente inclusive mediante tratamento diferenciado conforme o impacto ambiental dos produtos e serviços e de seus processos de elaboração e prestação”
• Externalidades (surge com uma decisão tomada por um agente e influencia em outro agente)

1. Externalidades Positivas: Efeitos positivos de por exemplo uma fábrica, ela gera mais empregos, aumenta a produtividade de seu produto e etc.
2. Externalidade Negativas: Poluição, derrubada da mata para sua construção.

• Se uma empresa for construir uma sede em algum lugar que alguém ache que ajuda no bem estar da população (como em um lugar que passa um rio por exemplo) essa pessoa pode entrar com uma ação contra a empresa, assim são contratados 3 profissionais, um a favor do homem que está contra a construção da empresa, um a favor da empresa, e um neutro para ajudar o juiz na causa. Caso a construção for realmente prejudicial, a empresa deve arcar com os custos do processo (ônus) e é obrigada a parar a construção. Se for detectado que não é prejudicial, o que era contra sua construção deve arcar com o ônus, porém se for constatado que essa pessoa agiu de boa fé (que realmente achava que seria prejudicial a construção da empresa) ele não paga nada, caso ele tenha agido de má fé (só tenha aberto a causa para ganhar dinheiro) ele paga o ônus.

• Microeconomia
• O governo pede para as empresas mandarem seus orçamentos

1. A empresa A (de grande porte) diz que fará 100 livros por 1.000 reais.
2. A empresa B (de pequeno porte) diz que fará 100 livros por 900 reais.
3. E a empresta C (de grande porte) diz que fará 100 livros por 1.500 reais.

• Assim o governo chama a empresa A e diz que a B faz por 900 reais, e perguntam se eles podem abaixar o preço, e eles dizem que também podem fazer por 900 reais. Chamam a B e eles não conseguem fazer mais barato do que 900 reais. E a C faz por 1.000 reais. O critério de desempate entre A e B é o fato da empresa B ser uma microempresa (pequeno porte).
• Também existe o Empate Ficto, que é considerado empate entre uma grande e uma pequena empresa, quando valor for até 5% maior ou menor (por exemplo, a empresa maior oferece tal serviço por um valor x, e a menor oferece esse mesmo serviço por um valor de 5% maior do que o valor x da empresa grande, ainda sim a de pequeno porte é favorecida)
• O artigo 170 da CRFB/88 ao estabelecer que seja dirigido tratamento diferenciado e favorecido para as empresas de pequeno porte constituídas sob as leis brasileiras e que tenham sua sede e administração no país, indicou um norte para a atuação do Estado, qual seja: fomentar o pequeno empreendedor, aquele que gera emprego e renda na sua comunidade.
• A função social das microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte, para um país em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil é enorme. Além de grandes empregadoras, as empresas de pequeno porte possuem propensão natural de absorver a mão de obra menos qualificada e regional.
• Por meio do fomento às empresas de pequeno porte, estar-se-á garantindo o crescimento econômico e consequentemente, a criação de postos de trabalho, essenciais para contribuir nos objetivos da República Federativa do Brasil que de criação de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária.
• Considera-se microempresa “o empresário, a pessoa jurídica, ou a ela equiparada, que aufira, em cada ano-calendário, receita bruta (faturamento bruto) igual ou inferior a R$ 240.000,00 (duzentos e quarenta mil reais)” (art. 3º, I) e empresa de pequeno porte “o empresário, a pessoa jurídica, ou a ela equiparada, que aufira, em cada ano-calendário, receita bruta superior a R$ 240.000,00 (duzentos e quarenta mil reais) e igual ou inferior a R$ 2.400.000,00 (dois milhões e quatrocentos mil reais)” (art. 3º, II).
•  ”Art. 179. A União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios dispensarão às microempresas e às empresas de pequeno porte, assim definidas em lei, tratamento jurídico diferenciado, visando a incentivá-las pela simplificação de suas obrigações administrativas, tributárias, previdenciárias e creditícias, ou pela eliminação ou redução destas por meio de lei. ”

Professor Sérgio Itikawa

(resumo feito com base nas minhas anotações, no caderno do Gustavo Zanollo, e anotações da Maytê Ovalle)