St. Augustine is often credited with saying, “He who sings, prays twice.”  Singing at Mass and other liturgies can be a source of consolation, a prayer, a celebration, or a source of contention.  We all have different tastes and these also apply to music at Mass. What is the role of music in liturgy?

A recent document written by the US bishops, Sing to the Lord: Music in Divine Worship, provides the answer, as well as lots of great information about music in liturgy.

The document begins by explaining the many reasons why we sing and why it is important for the congregation to participate.  The document admits that “Sometimes, our voices do not correspond to the convictions of our hearts.”  It continues, however, to explain that despite this, “Christ always invites us to enter into song.”

The document gives clear guidelines and explanations for the roles of those participating in the liturgy, as well as for types of music, instruments, languages, and parts to be sung. As with many church documents, this one embraces the old and the new side-by-side.  Although older music, such as Gregorian chant, has a special place in liturgy, the breath of the Spirit continues to inspire musicians and artists to create new music to help the congregation sing and pray at a continually deeper level.

Three criteria for judging the appropriateness of music for liturgy are proposed by the bishops.  These are, 

1) Liturgical Judgment – “Is this composition capable of meeting the structural and textual requireents set forth by the liturgical books for this particular rite?”

2) Pastoral Judgment - Does the music promote sanctification of those gathered “drawing them closer to the holy mysteries being celebrated?”

3)  Musical Judgment – Does the music have “the necessary aesthetic qualities that can bear the weight of the mysteries celebrated in the Liturgy?”

The document also discusses the role of music in other liturgies, including the rite of marriage and the rite of anointing.

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