New Delhi, Nov 13 (PTI) Daily commuters no more need to stand in long queues to purchase tickets for local trains as Northern Railway has decided to introduce smart card-based ticketing system in 30 stations in the NCR region from next week.

The system, which has entailed an investment of Rs 3.21 crore will ensure that suburban passengers need not stand in long queues and instead use smart cards to buy ticket to their destinations, sources said.

“In all, 75 vending machines have been installed in stations falling between Delhi and Palwal and they will start functioning from next week onwards,” they said.

The smart card will be available in ticket booking counters and will come in denomination ranging from Rs 50 to Rs 1000.

Official figures indicate that at present, 70,000 to 80,000 tickets are sold in the Delhi region per day.

http://www.ptinews.com/news/375882_Northern-Railway-introduces-smart-card

Despite regulatory hurdles, it is very much possible for Indian banks dealing in para banking to run Islamic Banking Windows in India. Such windows may be just opened through adding any counter or specific desk to cater needs of customers seeking Shari’ah Complaint banking. Under present banking regulations, following may be found ready to cater as Shari’ah Compliant products and services at Islamic Banking windows. 

A. Deposit Side Products & Services

1. Current Account.
2. Internet Banking services for receiving, disbursing and transferring funds.
3. Online Trading Services
4. Safe Deposit Locker Services
5. Mutual Fund Deposits (With floating and fixed maturity).
6. Consultancy Services (On Commission basis) to customers seeking Shari’ah Complaint Investments in Mutual Funds.
7. Consultancy Services (On Commission basis) to customers seeking Shari’ah Complaint Investments in Equities / preferred Shares.
8. Resident Foreign Currency Account (For NRI’s returning home)
9. Foreign Currency Non Resident Deposits (For NRI’s)
10. Equity Deposits ( conditions prescribed in contract for bank as trustee of any company)  

B. Lending and Investment Side Products & Services

1. Leasing Finance business
2. Hire purchase business
3. Factoring services
4. Disbursement of corporate benefits services
5. FOREX Services
6. E-Freight Services
7. E Tax services
8. Retail Sale of Gold Coins
9. Foreign Inward Remittance Services
10. Gift Cheques Services
11. Gift Card Services
12. Pay Roll Card Services
13. Foreign Travel Card Services
14. Initial Public offer Services
15. Mutual Fund Business
16. Letter of Credits
17. ATM Services
18. Issuance of Bank drafts
19. Issuing bank guarantee in favour of customers
20. Broking services 

Though these products and services are already available with many banks, general public don’t have the understanding that these are Shari’ah Complaint. Thus ignorance prevails in the market both for the potential customers and the bankers. Any bank may just declare to open Islamic Banking window with such products and services and successfully catch attention of customers seeking Shari’ah Complaint banking in India. If any bank is having Islamic Banking windows in India and abroad, such bank will have edge over others to draw investment funds for India by assuring the investors that investment will be suitably placed in India through proper Shari’ah complaint linkages to the end level in India as well. 

The State Bank of India (SBI) with its widest network and largest asset base may take lead in attracting customers looking for Shari’ah based banking services. Even if other banks take due leads, the rich experiences of SBI in dealing with para banking activities will help optimizing the opportunity faster than other banks. For Islamic banking at international level, Indian banks may have stiff competitions from foreign banks, but in national market there is no competition as such because at present no bank is offering such services. The bank which makes first announcement may take the lead in accruing the untapped market of Islamic Finance in India and others would have to follow that bank. 

SBI is already having a subsidiary called SBICAP Trustee Company Ltd. (STCL) to work as a trustee for companies. It empowers SBI to raise deposits and deploy funds in prescribed trade / industry on specified conditions in accordance to customer’s need. So, it may not be difficult for SBI to cater the customer’s need looking for Shari’ah Complaint financial products and services. With long and varied expertise in commercial and investment banking, SBI is in a good position to innovate financial products to meet new challenges.   

It would be easy for the first bank to accrue the untapped market by making Islamic Cooperative Credit Societies and NBFCs as their Business Correspondents to promote such products in Indian market. Once a bank enrolls such Indian Islamic Financial institutions of India (IIFIs) as their Business Correspondent, it would be difficult for other banks to find customers for their Shari’ah Compliant products. Traditionally the customers seeking Shari’ah Compliant financial products and services have been served by these IIFIs only and it would not be easy for new banks to get new customers for Islamic banking windows unless it has any IIFI as its registered Banking Correspondent. 

To start any Islamic banking windows in India a bank just need to have services of Shari’ah Advisory Board who may take care of all needs related to opening up and development of Islamic banking windows in India. This board may finalize the products; identify the potential market and channels to promote this business. Banks just need to make an announcement of going for Islamic Banking windows in India, the due resources will follow on. 

Hope we will be soon observing some changes in nature and extent of Islamic financial business in India. Expectedly after launch of Islamic banking windows in India by any bank, there would be competition among other banks declaring their specific products as more Shari’ah complaint. The one who better care to handle their customers will be having better market share of Islamic banking windows in India. Besides SBI, the other runners in this course are Standard Chartered Bank, HSBC, and Development Credit Bank etc. Some more names may be counted soon after first official announcement by any bank. Though today, there is no declaration about Islamic banking windows in India; in near future we expect to see series of advertisements for Islamic Banking windows in Electronic and Print Media especially Urdu media catching our attentions.

It’s been awhile. I’ve had a few posts queued up to write, and this was one of the first. I try to attend the IAB meetings when possible, but this past August meeting was the first that I’ve been to since March. As most people in our niche identity+smart card government industry know, these meetings are a good opportunity to catch-up with colleagues and hear updates about progress at various agencies. I think all future IAB meetings should be hosted at the American Institute of Architect’s second floor conference room. The concentric circle seating layout with desks is excellent.

Slides and audio from the afternoon’s presentations are available from FIPS 201.com. (Thanks, Avisian)

This August’s meeting kicked off with a wholehearted update from USDA’s Owen Unangst. Owen started with a historical overview of USDA’s Identity and Access Management Vision. I liked his inverted pyramid diagram that outlined this vision. Everything begins at the base with Identity. Identity has existed long before HSPD-12 was announced. HSPD-12 namely addressed the second layer, Credentials, with the PIV specification. USDA has been busy implementing the Accounts, Authorization, and Access Control layers atop credentials. It’s impressive that they’ve made progress with both logical and physical access systems, and that these two historically disparate systems appear to be tightly integrated. I also found it interesting that the topmost layer, Application Integration, is only in the earliest planning stages. Implementation is far from complete.

My biggest take-away from Owen’s presentation was the method and time that went into each of their strategic planning cycles. While a lot of this is classic PMP stuff, what was interesting is that Owen said one of these cycles (Business Reqs Analysis, Gap Analysis, Portfolio Selection, and Portfolio Assessment) should never take more than 3 months. The output of a cycle is a biz case, roadmap, architecture and project plan. Three months should be more than enough time to make a decision and layout a plan to execute it. In my mind, this is why USDA will be successful in implementing their Identity and Access Management vision.

Tim Baldridge of NASA followed Owen’s talk. Tim gave a brief presentation about how a single PIV card will eventually be trusted across multiple domains and agencies, not just by the agency that issued the card. Today, some individuals are being issued cards from each domain to which they need access. Tim uses an example of a doctor from HHS who has both an HHS and DoD PIV card. Federal PKI Trust Anchors such as the Common Policy (Federal Root CA) and Federal Bridge CA (FBCA) will provide the technical infrastructure that will enable this to happen. There is still quite a bit of work to be done here, but it’s good to see that it is on the radar of leaders in the HSPD-12 space. By the October IAB meeting, Tim hopes to be able to demonstrate certificate interoperability in person. I’m looking forward to seeing this demonstration.

Bill MacGregor, an IAB regular from NIST, gave status updates on a few projects and publications. The NIST SP 800-73-3 draft is open for public comment (Actually, looks like comments were due on 13 September). This isn’t a huge update to 800-73. Looks like some good things for PIV-Interoperable cards (UUID definition consistent with NFI spec). Also, some card lifecycle stuff, “on-card retention of historical keys”. The important news is that this update should have no impact on already-issued cards.

NIST also has released an Interagency Report on the Use of ISO/IEC 24727 (NIST IR 7611). ISO/IEC 24727 helps desktop applications discover and talk to the growing number of types of identity smart cards. In the introduction of NIST IR 7611, the Transportation Worker Identity Credential is noted as similar but technically different than a PIV smart card. “The ISO/IEC 24727 framework allows any client-application to communicate with any card-application.” The document describes the structure of the NIST-developed 24727 middleware stack that was developed to communicate with PIV cards. Much of this work was based on the exisiting NIST PIV middleware demo. If possible, the source code will be released. What does “If possible” mean, Bill? Interesting stuff for folks like us.

Bill then offered a reminder in light of some recent press about RFID skimming – “Are they talking about PIV?” Probably not. Not all RFID skimming is the same – not everything can be skimmed. He suggests re-reading SP 800-116, Secton 4, Appedix A to help decided the right authentication assurance level. e.g. If you’re just reading the CHUID from a card, you don’t have a very high assurance that the card was not copied. Verify the CHUID signature, or even better, perform a mutual challenge-response with the card to have a much higher assurance that it was not copied.

Chris Lounden finished the day by giving an update on what GSA’s ICAM group has been up to. He spoke about the ICAM’s goals of making Government more transparent to citizens by making it easier to access government websites and leveraging various Web 2.0 technologies. Chris made it very clear that the ICAM’s current focus is on portable identity for non-PKI, OMB Level of Assurance 3 and below. The concepts introduced are not attempting to redefine or replace what PIV or CAC provide. When implemented correctly, applications can reach a Level of Assurance 4 with PIV or CAC.

ICAM’s approach to allowing portable citizen identities in the federal government is to “Adopt technologies in use by industry (Scheme Adoption)” and “Adopt industry Trust Models (Trust Framework Adoption)”. To assist in Scheme Adoption, ICAM is developing Identity Scheme profiles for OpenID, Information Card, and SAML (WS-Federation is to follow). To assist in Trust Framework Adoption, ICAM has published the “Federal ICAM Trust Framework Provider Adoption Process” on IDManagement.gov. The big deal here is that participation is expected from InCommon, the OpenID Foundation, Information Card Foundation and Liberty Alliance / Kantara.

This is old news now, but ICAM and the participating bodies menitoned above made a big splash about this earlier in the month at the Gov 2.0 conference. I’ll be sharing my thoughts on Open Identity for Open Governement in an upcoming blog post. As mentioned at the beginning of the post, all of the presentations (from which I’ve heavily referenced) and audio recordings (hot) from the IAB meeting are available on FIPS 201.com. I’ll look forward to seeing more familiar faces next month at the in-person IAB meeting at the Smart Card Alliance’s Smart Cards in Government conference (Oct. 27-30).

Adiconsum chiede un incontro con Tivù  per chiarire il suo comportamento che obbliga all’acquisto di decoder dedicati. XDome. E’ un decoder unico, multipiattaforma, di un’ azienda Italiana, la CAMEX, che è sia satellitare che terrestre, con la codifica NDS ufficialmente riconosciuta da Sky, dotato di common interface per inserire  tutte le cam e le relative smart card di tutti gli operatori (TivùSat, Mediaset Premium, Sky).  Queste sono le caratteristiche del tanto decantato “decoder unico”, un dispositivo che permette di vedere  le trasmissioni sia dalla piattaforma satellitare che digitale terrestre, senza dover acquistare due o tre tipi  di decoder diversi (uno per il satellitare, uno per il digitale terrestre, uno per Tivùsat). Decoder che,  soprattutto, permette di vedere tutti i canali in chiaro e tutti i canali criptati, nel rispetto della delibera Agcom 216/00. La prova che abbiamo effettuato ci ha dimostrato un’altra importante novità: i canali di TivùSat si vedono  con la SmarCam, quella in vendita con i televisori per vedere le tv a pagamento sul digitale terrestre.  Ovviamente occorre anche avere la tessera di TivùSat.Non tutto, però, è risolto. Rimangono, infatti, sempre i 5 milioni di abbonati a SKY che non vedono Tivù, ma questo è un problema che deve risolvere con urgenza l’Agcom. Il decoder unico che abbiamo provato consentirebbe alle famiglie italiane che devono acquistare un decoder, di avere un grosso risparmio e soprattutto di fare un acquisto duraturo, visto che si tratta anche  di un decoder in alta definizione. La nuova situazione, però, origina, purtroppo nuovi problemi e interrogativi. Perché chi costruisce i decoder che fanno vedere TivùSat ha deciso di non inserire la codifica  NDS, impedendo così la compatibilità con Sky? Perché i dirigenti di TivùSat dichiarano che la cam per questa emittente sarà disponibile nel 2010,  facendo credere di non sapere che basta la stessa SmarCam riconosciuta da DGTVi? Perché non si possono acquistare le smart card di TivùSat separatamente dall’acquisto del  decoder, permettendo, così di far vedere la Rai e gli altri canali sia con i nuovi decoder che con  tutti gli altri decoder common interface, già acquistati in passato dai consumatori? Perché SKY non offre in comodato d’uso un decoder con la possibilità di inserire la SmarCam? Perché soltanto la Camex ha prodotto il decoder unico? Questi sono interrogativi che devono trovare una risposta in tempi brevissimi, perché da oggi metà  Piemonte non avrà più l’analogico e via via tutte le altre regioni effettueranno lo switch off. Sui decoder siamo di fronte ad un’emergenza, come dimostra l’apertura di un’istruttoria da parte di  Agcom, che deve garantire soluzioni immediate. Adiconsum chiede all’Agcom di disporre le procedure per garantire l’utilizzo di Tivù con SmarCam Tivù dimostri la volontà di essere interessata a far utilizzare il decoder unico fornendo subito le  sue smart card indipendentemente dall’acquisto di nuovi decoder. Adiconsum chiede un incontro con i vertici di Tivù per conoscere le risposte agli interrogativi posti.

Smart Card Primer

A smart card is a device that includes an embedded integrated circuit chip (ICC) that can be either a secure microcontroller or equivalent intelligence with internal memory or a memory chip alone. The card connects to a reader with direct physical contact or with a remote contactless radio frequency interface. With an embedded microcontroller, smart cards have the unique ability to store large amounts of data, carry out their own on-card functions (e.g., encryption and mutual authentication) and interact intelligently with a smart card reader. Smart card technology conforms to international standards (ISO/IEC 7816 and ISO/IEC 14443) and is available in a variety of form factors, including plastic cards, fobs, subscriber identification modules (SIMs) used in GSM mobile phones, and USB-based tokens.

Diagram of a Contact Smart Card

Abstract— Operating at 13.56 MHz and transferring data up to 424 Kbits/second, Near Field Communication (NFC) provides intuitive, simple, and safe communication between electronic devices. NFC uses both the “read” and “write” technology, establishing communication between two NFC-compatible devices. Target of this research is an automatic process transaction of ordering and buying tickets through mobile device, cutting down necessity of human works. This research is intended to solve problems in existing airport system; like necessity of expense and time to buy tickets, and frequently missing passenger’s belongings. The solution of existing problems is an application of ordering tickets through mobile device with GPRS or SMS and payment by credit card; e-ticket applet which can be downloaded to mobile phone instead of paper ticket; application to change booking code when there is no Internet connection; application to check validity of e-ticket using NFC; and checking of passenger’s belonging using NFC tagged by Radio of Frequency Identification (RFID).

Keywords: Near Field Communication, contact less, e-ticket applet, tag Radio Frequency Identification.

1              Introduction

Advancement of technology development and information system to support business process requires faster transaction data processing. Current transaction mechanism such as Internet Online Payment, Smart Card, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Mobile Payment are designed to simplify the transaction for people.

In order to speed up the process of ticket ordering and payment transaction with high accuracy and efficiency, it needs a support system that already mentioned at above. In a normal daily practice, transaction such as payment will be conducted with money and information exchange will be conducted with the use of paper; so it is a necessity to have a transaction mechanism which can conserve resources and also improve the accuracy and the safety. With the growing needs for faster transaction and faster information exchange, this research will discuss NFC technology that will conduct the transactions. Using implemented NFC technology in a cell phone will make buying and selling transaction faster, safer and more efficient.

2              Reference Literature

2.1         Airline Model

Airline model is a system overview which shows ticket ordering and purchasing from the beginning to the end of the process that used in flight companies. From an interview with an airline corporation, the ticket ordering and purchasing system in Indonesia is still done through locket, travel agent, telephone, and online (through internet). However, ticket ordering and purchasing system is still quite difficult and time consuming process.

Shown in Figure 1 below, after passenger ordering and buying ticket, the passenger will check the baggage. Next, the passenger lets the airline staff check the ticket. If it’s an international flight, immigration staff will check the passport and fiscal. After the whole checking process, the passenger stays at waiting room that is provided in airport until the departure time. At the destination airport, the international passenger has to check passport and fiscal and take his/her baggage.

Figure 1.  Process Model in Soekarno-Hatta Airport

2.2         Database

One of the technology terms that most people have become accustomed to hearing either at work or while surfing the internet is the database. The database used to be an extremely technical term, however with the advancement of computer systems and information technology throughout our culture, the database has become a household term.

DBMS (Database Management System) lets information systems be changed more easily as the organization’s requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system. Adding a field to a record does not require changing any of the programs that do not use the data in that new field.

The following features of DBMS are:

l  Data Definition Language (DDL)

The Data Definition Language (DDL) is one of two major components of the Structured Query Language (SQL). Some of the major commands comprising DML are CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE and CREATE INDEX. (Connolly and Begg, 2002, p40).

l  Data Manipulation Language (DML)

The Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used to retrieve, insert and modify database information. These commands will be used by all database users during the routine operation of the database. The basic DML commands are INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE.

l  Providing control access into Databases, for example:

  Security System, preventing consumer which have no right to access Databases

  Integrity System, taking care of consistency from data

  Concurrency Control system, permitting to access divisible in Data Bases

  Recovery Control system, bringing back condition of Bases of Data before failure of hardware or software.

  Consumer – accessible catalog, containing description from data in Data Base.

2.3         Software Development Methodology

Software engineering is the practice of using selected process techniques to improve the quality of a software development effort.  This is based on the assumption, subject to endless debate and supported by patient experience, that a methodical approach to software development results in fewer defects and, therefore, ultimately provides shorter delivery times and better value.  The documented collection of policies, processes and procedures used by a development team or organization to practice software engineering is called its software development methodology (SDM) or system development life cycle (SDLC).

·         Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

a. Initiation/planning

b. Requirements gathering and analysis

c. Design

d. Build or coding

e. Testing

f. Operations and maintenance

·           Waterfall Model

All projects can be managed better when segmented into a hierarchy of chunks such as phases, stages, activities, tasks and steps.  In system development projects, the simply rendition of this is called the “waterfall” methodology, as shown in the following figure 2:

Figure 2. Waterfall Methodology

In looking at this Figure 2, which was for major defense systems developments, please note this presumes that the system requirement have already been defined and scrubbed exhaustively, which is probably the most important step towards project success.  Nevertheless, the graphic illustrates a few critical principles of a good methodology:

1. Work is done in stages,
2. Content reviews are conducted between stages, and
3. Reviews represent quality gates and decision points for continuing.

The waterfall provides an orderly sequence of development steps and helps ensure the adequacy of documentation and design reviews to ensure the quality, reliability, and maintainability of the developed software.  While almost everyone these days disparages the “waterfall methodology” as being needlessly slow and cumbersome, it does illustrate a few sound principles of life cycle development.

2.4    Smart Card

Smart Card technology is an industry standard that is defined and controlled by Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1), a part of International Standards Organization (ISO) and International Electronic Committee (IEC).  ISO/IEC 7816 international standard was introduced in 1987 and it was updated in 2003.  This standard contains many aspects of smart card like physical characteristics, physical contact, electronic signal, command, security architecture, application identification and other elements.

Smart Card is a card from plastic material which has integrated circuit (IC).  Smart Card can be used as credit card and SIM card for mobile phone.  Smart Card is a card which has secure storage and non-volatile media but in next generation Smart Card has microprocessor and memory to support data processing.  Because there is a microprocessor inside the Smart Card, it is capable for security processing with cryptography algorithm likes RSA, AEC and (3) DES.

Smart Card doesn’t have battery and it is can be activated if the Smart Card interacts with a card reader.  When the Smart Card is connected with card reader and doing a reset process, the card will change to passive mode and it is wait for next command from card reader.  Smart Card can be contact or contactless.  Contact Smart Card is communicate with card reader through 8 pins inside the Smart Card. Contactless Smart Card is communicate with card reader through radio frequency in the certain distance.

Smart Card can be accessed by creating an application that called applet.  Applet program will be installed into Smart Card using smart card loader application.  Smart Card can be accessed using communication protocol that called Application Protocol Data Unit (APDU).  APDU structure is described in table below.

Table 1.  APDU instruction structure

CLA is a block that identifies an application specifically.  INS is a block that contains instruction code to be executed for processing.            P1 and P2 are parameters for INS that will be executed.  Lc is a block contains length of data that will be sent through APDU instruction.  If APDU doesn’t send data, Lc value is 0×00.  Data block contains data collections sent through APDU instruction.  Le block is containing maximum byte length from expected response that will be returned from card reader.  Le block can contain certain value or 0×00.  APDU instruction is collection from hexadecimal values that will send from card reader to applet program inside of Smart Card.

APDU can have response value from given instruction.  APDU response has structure that more simple than instruction structure.  APDU response structure is described below.

Table 2.  APDU response structure

Data block contains data that returned from specific instruction.  SW1 and SW2 blocks are containing instruction status.  Form of this APDU response is a hexadecimal values.

2.5    Near Field Communication (NFC)

Near Field Communication (NFC) [1] is a new short-range wireless connectivity technology that evolved from a combination of existing contactless identification and interconnection technologies. Products which built-in NFC technology will dramatically simplify the consumer devices to interact with each other, helping people to get quick established connections, receive and share information and even make fast and secure payments.

Operated at 13.56 MHz and transferring data at up to 424 Kbits/second, NFC provides intuitive, simple, and safe communication between electronic devices. NFC is both a “read” and “write” technology. Communication between two NFC devices occurs when they are brought within four centimeters of one to another. A simple wave or touch can establish an NFC connection, which is then compatible with other known wireless technologies such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The underlying layers of NFC technology universally implemented ISO, ECMA, and ETSI standards. Because the transmission range is too short, NFC-enabled transactions are inherently secure. Also, physical proximity of the device to the reader gives users the reassurance of being in control of the process.

There are 3 special functions or ability owned by peripheral NFC, the abilities are:

1. Ability to deal with electronic peripheral by peer-to-peer like home office system, wireless headset and mobile phone.
2. Ability access digital of content. The example of Digital content is an advertisement poster which has been planted by RF tag so that the consumer can download content advertisement into mobile phone.
3. Making transaction like ticket payment or micro payment transaction so that the payment becomes contactless transaction method.

Figure 3. NFC technology architecture

Figure 4 is a payment transaction where NFC can change the way of payment to be “contactless payment”. Consumer only just hand the mobile device to near by a terminal which have planted of reader to pay or buy goods. This kind of mobile has ability to save account like credit card number and number of money which later will be available for payment.

Figure 4. Payment Transaction with NFC

2.6    Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a wireless system used to identify tags. These tags may be carried by people or animals or mounted on object or vehicles. They may even be embedded under the skin. RFID tags are non-contact and non-line-of-sight. This means that you don’t have to “swipe” your card for an RFID system to identify you.

Basic components of RFID system are:

l  Tag: Chip tags consist of a microchip and a coupling element – an antenna. Most tags are only activated when they are within the interrogation zone of the interrogator; outside they “sleep”. Chip tags can be both read-only (programmed during manufacture) or, at higher complexity and cost, read-write, or both. Chip tags contain memory. The size of the tag depends on the size of the antenna, which increases with range of tag and decreases with frequency.

l  Antenna: for transmitting signal of frequency radio between reader and tag RFID.

l  Reader of RFID (Micro-Reader): is appliance which compatible with tag RFID to communicate by wireless by tag.

l  Software Application: Considered to be the heart and soul of a comprehensive RFID system. The transference of data between transponder and transceiver, and between transceiver and data accumulation, is electronic (mechanical, if you will). It’s the software that allows you to actually tie electronic identity to production and management information, massage the data and share the information with others.

  Passive RFID vs. Active RFID

Passive RFID tags operate using power from the RFID transceiver. Passive tags are small and inexpensive, but do not have good range.

Active RFID tags are powered, usually by a battery. Active tags are larger and more expensive, but offer a much better identification range.

RFID tags store data, which is typically used for authentication. Passive tags typically store between 32 and 128 bits of data; Active tags can store up to 1MB of data.

Passive tags are Read-Only; Active tags are typically rewritable.

  RFID Frequencies

RFID systems operate across a wide range of frequencies. Lower frequency systems are less expensive; higher frequency systems offer increased range. For RFID purposes, 300-500Khz are considered low frequencies, 850-900MHz and 2.4GHz-2.5Ghz are considered frequencies. RFID systems used to automatically pay highway tolls are high frequency systems.

3              Analysis

3.1 Problem Analysis

Based on interviews and questionnaires from airline company that has conducted there are four problem points:

l  Booking and ticket purchase require time around 1-5 hours through the Internet and Online Travel Agent.

l  A paper ticket may be lost and left behind.

l  Current ticket order process needs extra costs, such as transportation costs to the counters or travel agents or internet costs if ordering process using web facility.

l  Incompatibility of data due to human error often occurs, for example: Accidentally exchanged baggage happens because of airport staff and passengers that put not enough concern when the baggage arrives.

3.2 Solution

The solution from the problems is M-Fly system.  M-Fly is a flight ticket transaction system based on Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. M-Fly is combination of applications that build integration flight transaction system.  M-Fly system will handle many activities like mobile ticket order, baggage identification, flight check-in and electronic ticket device. This M-Fly project prototype includes front-end application that will be used by passenger and back-end application that will handle transaction work flow in airport.

Figure 5. Conceptual Model M-Fly System (Rich Picture)

From Figure 5, the conceptual model M-Fly System is the solution of the problem, and these are the workflow description:

• User open M-Fly MIDlet application in his/her mobile device.  In this application user will check for flight schedule, fill user data and define payment method.  After that M-Fly application will send and request data from gate (SMS gateway server / WEB server) server.  We will use SMS (cover BTS / network tower that not support with GPRS / 3G access) and GPRS / 3G connection for data transfer.

l    Data will be transferred using SMS connection and SMS gateway server will receive the data.  In this network / connection mode, user will get booking ID for the ticket.  User has to exchange the booking ID with electronic ticket data in e-ticket exchanger terminal.  Because we predict size of e-ticket data is bigger than the SMS payload data capacity.

l   Data will be transferred using GPRS or 3G connection over HTTP protocol and web server will receive the data.  User can download e-ticket data from server into their NFC mobile device.

l   Gate server will transfer data from user to application server for processing data.  In this application server data will be processed based on the business logic in several applications that is implemented to this server. Application server will request data from database server to get appropriate data and check validity of data.  This application server will also generate e-ticket data that will be downloaded by user via M-Fly application; and the application will store e-ticket data into mobile device database.

1. SMS gateway server transfer and request data to application server and application server will request and check data to database server.
2. Web server transfer and request data to application server web service and application server web service will request and check data to database server.

l   Passenger will check for their baggage.  During baggage checking process, passenger will put their NFC mobile device in Baggage ID Terminal.  After checking e-ticket data validity, then Baggage check-in terminal will get e-ticket ID from NFC mobile device and generate baggage ID for the current passenger baggage.  Baggage check-in terminal will push the generated baggage ID into mobile device and push both generated baggage ID and e-ticket ID into Mifare RFID Tag that will stick on passenger baggage.  Baggage check-in terminal will send baggage ID and e-ticket to database server via application server.

• Passenger will enter the waiting room after checking their e-ticket validity in Barrier check-in terminal.  The Barrier check-in terminal will read e-ticket applet data in NFC mobile device and transfer to application server for checking.  If the data is valid then the Barrier Tripod will automatically opened.
• After taking the flight, passenger will check for their baggage and use their NFC mobile device for read Mifare RFID Tag on baggage to ensure and cross check the ID of the baggage.

4              Design

4.1 Main Feature

Main features of these applications are:

A.      User

• Ticket Order

User can order electronic ticket from M-Fly ticket order application based on Short Messaging Service (SMS) connection or GPRS connection.

• Baggage ID Storage

Baggage ID Storage application will receive and store baggage ID that will be generated by Baggage Check-in terminal.  Baggage ID will use to identify passenger baggage.

• Flight electronic ticket

This electronic ticket will be used to check-in.

• Contactless check in

With NFC technology, user can use the mobile device as a smart card and do contactless check-in or transaction based on electronic ticket applet that embedded in NFC mobile device chip.

• Baggage RFID Tag checker

Like Figure II, user can identify baggage by reading RFID Tag that stick on passenger baggage.  User can use mobile device as a RFID tag reader to check baggage ID that store in RFID tag and baggage ID that store in mobile device database.

B. Backend

• E-ticket exchanger terminal

E-ticket exchanger terminal will use for exchange e-ticket booking ID with e-ticket data.

• Baggage check in terminal

Baggage check-in terminal will generate baggage ID.  The baggage ID will write to RFID Tag that will stick on passenger baggage and send baggage ID to mobile device by contactless method.

• Barrier check in terminal

Like at figure 9, this is barrier for block passenger to the guest room.  User will unlock the barrier by hand the mobile device to the terminal (contactless method) and the terminal will check the electronic ticket validity to the server.

l    Flight ticket order web service

This web service will use for handling GPRS ticket order transaction.

l    SMS Gateway

This gateway module will be used to handle SMS ticket order transaction.

l    Control Report Center

This is a web report application that will show the transaction data.

5              Implementation

5.1     Marketing Appeal and User Benefit

M-Fly helps people’s mobility by providing a system for passenger traveling via airplane. M-Fly will make ticket queues in airport obsolete because passenger will not need to queue for tickets; instead they only need a mobile phone equipped with NFC technology to provide a faster transaction. By passing through the terminal gates with NFC equipped mobile phone, passenger will automatically buy flight tickets. Passenger will not need to wait to receive a printed boarding pass because the boarding pass is stored in the mobile phone.

In the other hand, M-Fly is helping Airline Company to input passenger’s data which is reside in their mobile phone to the aviation company’s database. Using embedded NFC in mobile phone will make a fast, secure, and efficient transaction and information exchange.

5.2     Markets Applications

These applications are very useful for Airline companies that needs fast data processing and wants their system have high integrity and computerization. And their passengers with high mobility can get benefit to booking and buy airline ticket wherever and whenever passenger wants.

6              Conclusions

This System benefits are:

1. mobility transaction anywhere and anytime
2. Contactless transaction and automation system in airline.
3. Simple baggage identification.
4. Implement electronic ticket, so can reduce paper ticket.
5. Fast data transfer, integrated system and reduce time

.

System Development:

• M-Fly can’t develop the system perfectly because, I have limitation in hardware.
• This system is still prototype, but the application has been developed.
• This system in the real condition will interact with bank system, telecommunication operator, and airline.

References

[1]   Near Field Communication, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

[2]   An Introduction to Java Card Technology, http://java.sun.com/javacard/reference/techart/

[3]   Pressman, R. S. (2001). Software Engineering. Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, Singapore.

[4]   Connolly, T. dan C. Begg. (2002). Basis Data Systems. Third Edition. Addison Wesley, United States of America

[5]   Supriatna Dedi, (2007), Studi Mengenai Aspek Privasi Pada Sistem RFID,  http://www.cert.or.id/~budi/courses/security/2006-2007/Report-Dedi-Supriatna.pdf

Check out this release.

(For the record I am extremely against the concept of any type of ID card, national or otherwise, that incorporates this level of personal data.  Quite hackable and doesn’t make the public any safer. These tracking devices only give the government that much more information on U.S. citizens.)

The release:

New NIST publications describe standards for identity credentials and authentication systems

Two publications from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) describe new capabilities for authentication systems using smart cards or other personal security devices within and outside federal government applications. A report describes a NIST-led international standard, ISO/IEC 24727, which defines a general-purpose identity application programming interface (API). The other is a draft publication on refinements to the Personal Identity Verification (PIV) specification.

NIST is responsible for developing specifications for PIV cards required for the government under Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12. These smart cards have embedded chips that hold information and biometric data such as specific types of patterns in fingerprints called “minutiae” along with a unique identifying number. The goal is to develop methods that allow each worker to have a PIV card that works with PIV equipment at all government agencies and with all card-reader equipment regardless of the manufacturer.

Because there is growing interest in using secure identity credentials like PIV cards for multiple applications beyond the federal workplace, NIST provided its smart card research expertise in the development of an international standard—ISO/IEC 24727 – Identification cards – Integrated circuit card programming interfaces—that provides a set of authentication protocols and services common to identity management frameworks.

The new NIST report, Use of ISO/IEC 24727 is an introduction to that standard. It describes the standard’s general-purpose identity application programming interface, the “Service Access Layer Interface for Identity (SALII)”, which allows cards and readers to communicate and operate with applications seamlessly. The report also describes a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating that existing PIV cards and readers can work interoperably with ISO/IEC 24727. The applications tested included logging on to Windows or Linux systems, signing and encrypting email, and performing Web authentications.

NIST Interagency Report 7611 Use of ISO/IEC 24727 may be downloaded at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/ir7611/nistir7611_use-of-isoiec24727.pdf.

NIST researchers also are involved in improving PIV components and providing guidelines that the private sector and municipalities can use with a similar smart ID card. They have drafted an update to an earlier publication that contains the technical specifications for interfacing with the PIV card to retrieve and use identity credentials.

Special Publication 800-73-3, Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification, provides specifications for PIV-Interoperable and PIV-Compatible cards issued by non-federal issuers, which may be used with the federal PIV system. It also provides specifications designed to ease implementation, facilitate interoperability and ensure performance of PIV applications in the federal workplace. The new publication specifies a PIV data model, card edge interface and application programming interface. The report also provides editorial changes to clarify information in the earlier version. (For background, see “Updated Specification Issued for PIV Card Implementations,” NIST Tech Beat, Oct. 14, 2008 [http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/techbeat/tb2008_1014.htm].)

###

The draft version of NIST SP 800-73-3 is open for public comment through Sept. 13, 2009. The document is available online athttp://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsDrafts.html#800-73-3. Comments should be addressed to PIV_comments@nist.gov with “Comments on Public Draft SP 800-73-3″ in the subject line

วันนี้ครบรอบวันเกิด ลืมตาดูโลกมาตั้ง 28 ปี เจ้าอ้วนน้อยโทรศัพท์มาแต่เช้า ถามว่าใส่บาตรหรือเปล่า? พูดตามตรงในชีวิตนี้ไม่เคยคิดจะใส่บาตรวันเกิดเลย วางโทรศัพท์ก็หลับต่อ ตื่นมาอีกที 10:30 น. อาบน้ำ แปรงฟัน ทำผมหล่อ หาชุดหล่อ ๆ เตรียมตัวไปทำบัตรประจำตัวประชาชน เพราะหมดอายุเมื่อวานพอดี ถ้าได้บัตรใหม่ก็เป็นใบที่ 3 ในชีวิตแล้วละครับ บัตรใบที่ 2 ยังเป็นแบบเก่าอยู่ แบบใหม่ที่จะไปทำเป็น Smart Card แล้ว

ออกจากบ้านประมาณ 11:15 น. เดินไปขึ้นรถเมล์สาย 205 พอดี “รถเมล์ฟรีจากภาษีประชาชน” มาพอดี ก็เลยขึ้นไป ปรากฏว่าด้วยความตื่นเต้นลงรถเมล์ผิดป้าย ดันไปลงก่อนต้องเดินไปอีกหน่อย

เดินเข้าไปที่สำนักงานเขตบางคอแหลม ที่เคาน์เตอร์ประชาสัมพันธ์ก็แจ้งว่ามาติดต่ออะไร เค้ากดบัตรคิวให้ นั่งรอไม่ถึง 2 นาที ก็ได้ยินเสียงเรียกหมายเลข 3 445 จากระบบคิวอัตโนมัติ ที่ช่องแรกตรวจสอบหน้าตา แล้วให้เขียนชื่อภาษาอังกฤษลงกระดาษ เมื่อเรียบร้อยแล้วพี่เค้าก็ให้ไปถ่ายรูป เจอจนท.อีกท่านเป็นผู้ชาย ถามนู้นถามนี่ จำพวก ศาสนา กรุ๊ปเลือด ฯลฯ เอานิ้วโป้งซ้ายขวาวางบนเครื่องสแกนลายนิ้วมือ เสร็จแล้วก็ถึงนาทีลุ้นระทึก จนท.บอกให้ “ถอดรองเท้าแล้ว เข้าไปยืนที่ป้ายส่วนสูง หลังชิดผนัง ให้เอียงตัวไปทางซ้าย เอียงหน้ามาทางขวา เอียงไปทางขวาอีก พอ… เรียบร้อยครับ นั่งรอสักครู่” ระหว่างนั่งรอก็เห็นรูปที่ถ่ายออกมา หน้าตาซีดเซียวกันเลยทีเดียว แถมยังหัวเอียง ๆ อีก (เอียงซ้ายแม่ยายรัก…อิอิ) เค้าก็พิมพ์ใบออกมา ให้เราไปนั่งรอเรียกชื่อ เหมือนเดิมรอไม่ถึง 2 นาทีเท่านั้น จนท.ผู้หญิงคนนึงก็เรียกชื่อ แต่คนนั้นก็ไปเข้าห้องน้ำ มีอีกคนนึงมาแทน ให้เราเอานิ้วชี้ทั้งซ้ายและขวา แปะเข้าเครื่องสแกนลายนิ้วมือ เสร็จแล้วก็รับบัตรประจำตัวประชาชนอันใหม่ ส่องไปส่องมา ดูว่าหล่อมั้ย??? ^^

เดินกลับออกมา แวะซื้อกาแฟสดเอสเปรสโซ่แก้วใหญ่ 29 บาท ที่หน้าซอยสำนักงานเขตฯ จากนั้นเดินทางกลับบ้าน กินข้าวกลางวัน กินเสร็จมี messenger มาส่งของที่หน้าบ้าน มีใบจ่าหน้าผู้ส่ง … (เจ้าอ้วนน้อย) ถึง … (เจ้าอ้วนมาก) ที่อยู่ “…….” ตกใจเล็กน้อยเพราะโทรศัพท์คุยกันก็ไม่เห็นว่าจะส่งอะไรมาให้ นึกอีกที วันนี้วันเกิดเรานี่หว่า สงสัยส่งของขวัญมา surprise เราแน่เลย เซ็นชื่อแล้วก็รับของมา แกะออกดูเห็นเป็นเสื้อกันหนาวสีม่วง oO เล่นกันสีนี้เลยเนอะ มีฮู้ดด้วย น่าจะแพงอยู่ที่ป้ายติดราคาไว้ 429 หยวน สักพักเจ้าอ้วนน้อยก็โทรศัพท์มาหา ถามเราว่าเซอร์ไพร์สมั้ย? ก็เซอร์ไพร์สแหละ ก็ไม่เห็นบอกกันไว้ก่อน หลังจากซักไซ้ไล่เรียง ได้ความจากเจ้าอ้วนน้อยว่า ไปซื้อที่ Central World Plaza ไอ้วันที่เราไปซื้อ Sony PCK-LH3AM นั่นแหละ แล้วก็ฝากปลา (เพื่อนเจ้าอ้วนน้อย) ส่งมาให้ ร้ายไม่เบานะ ปิดเงียบเลย

ปล. วันนี้เดินไปที่ Sony Universe Silom ก็ไม่มี PCK-LH3AM เลย โทรไปถามที่พารากอนก็ไม่มีของอีก…หมด แต่บอกว่าที่เดอะมอลล์บางแคมีเหลืออยู่ 3 ตัว แต่โทรไปถามปรากฏว่าเหลือ 2 ตัวเอง สงสัยต้องรีบไปสอยมาซะแล้น เด๋วเจ้าอัลฟ่าสองร้อยจะไม่หล่อ

วันนี้ก็เลยใส่เสื้อกันหนาวสีม่วงตัวใหม่มาทำงาน อิอิอิ ขอบใจมากนะจ๊ะ…เจ้าอ้วนน้อย สำหรับของขวัญวันเกิด

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sinusite,sinusite, sinusoidale,sinusoidale, sinusòide,sinusoide, sinusotomìa,sinusotomia, Sinzifosurini,sinzifosurini, sionismo,sionismo, sionista,sionista, sipa,sipa, sipariétto,siparietto, sipàrio,sipario, siparista,siparista, Siphonaria,siphonaria, Sippe,sippe, Sipunculoidèi o Sipuncùlidi,sipunculoidei_o_sipunculidi, sir,sir, sird\f4~a\f0~r,sirdar, sire,sire, sirèna,sirena, Sirènidi,sirenidi, Sirènii,sirenii, Sìrfidi,sirfidi, sirìaco,siriaco, siriano,siriano, Sirìcidi,siricidi, sìrima o sirma,sirima_o_sirma, siringa,siringa, siringe,siringe, siringite,siringite, siringo-,siringo_, siringocèle,siringocele, siringomielìa,siringomielia, siro,siro, siròcchia,sirocchia, sirratte,sirratte, sirte,sirte, sìrtico,sirtico, sirventése o serventése,sirventese_o_serventese, sìsal,sisal, sìsmica,sismica, sismicità,sismicita, sìsmico,sismico, sismo o sisma,sismo_o_sisma, sismo- e -sismo,sismo__e__sismo, sismògrafo,sismografo, sismogramma,sismogramma, sismologìa,sismologia, sismològico,sismologico, sismòlogo,sismologo, sismòmetro,sismometro, sismoscòpio,sismoscopio, sismostratigrafìa,sismostratigrafia, sismotettònica,sismotettonica, sissignóre,sissignore, sissìzio,sissizio, sissónne,sissonne, Sistellommatòfori,sistellommatofori, sistèma,sistema, sistemare,sistemare, sistemàtica,sistematica, sistematicità,sistematicita, sistemàtico,sistematico, sistematizzazióne,sistematizzazione, sistemazióne,sistemazione, sistèmico,sistemico, sistemista,sistemista, sìstilo,sistilo, sistino,sistino, sìstola,sistola, sìstole,sistole, sistro,sistro, sitare,sitare, Sitaris,sitaris, sitatunga,sitatunga, sit-com,sit_com, sitibóndo,sitibondo, sit-in,sit_in, sitio-,sitio_, sitire,sitire, sito-,sito_, sito (sostantivo),sito1 sito2, sito (aggettivo),sito3, sitofobìa,sitofobia, sitologìa o sitiologìa,sitologia_o_sitiologia, Sìttidi,sittidi, situare,situare, situation comedy,situation_comedy, situazióne,situazione, situla,situla, situs viscerum inversus,situs_viscerum_inversus, sìus,sius, \f12~s\f0~ivaismo,sivaismo, Sivapithecus,sivapithecus, sivièra,siviera, Siwalik,siwalik, sizìgia,sizigia, sìzio,sizio, sizza,sizza, skài,skai, skate-board,skate_board, skating,skating, skeet,skeet, skeleton,skeleton, sketch,sketch, ski,ski, Skiddawiano o Skiddaw,skiddawiano_o_skiddaw, skiffle,skiffle, ski-jump,ski_jump, ski-ki\f4~o\f0~ring,ski_kioring, ski-lift,ski_lift, ski-mat,ski_mat, skinhead,skinhead, ski-orienteering,ski_orienteering, skip,skip, skipper,skipper, skittles,skittles, skiver,skiver, ski-yachting,ski_yachting, Skrjabin, Vja\f7~c\f0~eslav Michailovi\f7~c\f0~,skrjabin_vjaceslav_michailovic, skunk,skunk, skutterudite,skutterudite, sky boat,sky_boat, skylight,skylight, skýphos,skyphos, slab,slab, slabbrare,slabbrare, slacciare,slacciare, sladinare,sladinare, slàlom,slalom, slalomista,slalomista, slam,slam, slanatura,slanatura, slanciare,slanciare, slanciato,slanciato, slàncio,slancio, slang,slang, slappolare,slappolare, slappolatrice,slappolatrice, slargare,slargare, slargo,slargo, slat,slat, slatinare,slatinare, slattare,slattare, slavato,slavato, slavatura,slavatura, slavina,slavina, slavismo,slavismo, slavista,slavista, slavìstica,slavistica, slavizzare,slavizzare, slavo-,slavo_, slavo,slavo, slavofilìa,slavofilia, slavofilismo,slavofilismo, slavòfilo,slavofilo, sleale,sleale, slealtà,slealta, sleeping-car,sleeping_car, slegare,slegare, slegato,slegato, slembare,slembare, slesiano,slesiano, slick,slick, slingottatrice,slingottatrice, slip,slip, slippàggio,slippaggio, slipware,slipware, slipway,slipway, sliricato o sliricizzato,sliricato_o_sliricizzato, slitta,slitta, slittaménto,slittamento, slittare,slittare, slittino,slittino, slittóne,slittone, slittovìa,slittovia, slìvoviz,slivoviz, Slobozia,slobozia, slògan,slogan, slogare,slogare, slogato,slogato, slogatura,slogatura, sloggiare,sloggiare, slombare,slombare, slombato,slombato, slontanare,slontanare, sloop,sloop, slot-machine,slot_machine, slòughi,sloughi, slovacco,slovacco, slovèno,sloveno, slovinzo,slovinzo, slow,slow, slow food,slow_food, sluice,sluice, slum,slum, slump,slump, slungare,slungare, slupatura,slupatura, smaccare,smaccare, smaccato,smaccato, smacchiare,smacchiare1 smacchiare2, smacchiatóre,smacchiatore, smacchiatura,smacchiatura, smacco,smacco, smagare,smagare, smagato,smagato, smagliante,smagliante, smagliare,smagliare1 smagliare2, smagliatura,smagliatura, smagnetizzare,smagnetizzare, smagnetizzazióne,smagnetizzazione, smagrire,smagrire, smaliziare,smaliziare, smallare,smallare, small talk,small_talk, smaltare,smaltare, smaltatóre,smaltatore, smaltatrice,smaltatrice, smaltatura,smaltatura, smalterìa,smalteria, smaltina,smaltina, smaltire,smaltire, smaltista,smaltista, smaltitóio,smaltitoio, smalto,smalto, smammare,smammare, smammolarsi,smammolarsi, smanacciare,smanacciare, smancerìa,smanceria, smanceróso,smanceroso, smangiare,smangiare, smàngio,smangio, smània,smania, smaniare,smaniare, smanicare,smanicare, smanigliare,smanigliare, smanióso,smanioso, smantellare,smantellare, smaragdite,smaragdite, smarcare,smarcare, smargiassata,smargiassata, smargiasso,smargiasso, smarginare,smarginare, smarginato,smarginato, smargottare,smargottare, smarrare,smarrare, smarriménto,smarrimento, smarrire,smarrire, smarrito,smarrito, smart,smart, smart card,smart_card, smart set,smart_set, smascellare,smascellare, smascherare,smascherare, smascolinato,smascolinato, smash,smash, smaterializzare,smaterializzare, smattonare,smattonare, smazzata,smazzata, SMD,smd, smègma,smegma, smelare,smelare, smelatóre,smelatore, smembrare,smembrare, smemorare,smemorare, smemoratàggine,smemorataggine, smemorato,smemorato, smentire,smentire, smentita,smentita, smeraldino,smeraldino, smeraldo,smeraldo, smerciare,smerciare, smèrcio,smercio, smerdare,smerdare, smèrgo o mèrgo,smergo_o_mergo, smerigliare,smerigliare, smerigliatóre,smerigliatore, smerigliatrice,smerigliatrice, smerigliatura,smerigliatura, smerìglio (geologia),smeriglio1, smerìglio (zoologia),smeriglio2, smerìglio (ornitologia),smeriglio3, smerlare,smerlare, smerlettare,smerlettare, smèrlo,smerlo, smésso,smesso, sméttere,smettere, smèttico o smèctico,smettico_o_smectico, smezzare,smezzare, smidollare,smidollare, smidollato,smidollato, smielare,smielare, smìlace,smilace, smilitarizzare,smilitarizzare, smilitarizzazióne,smilitarizzazione, Smilodon,smilodon, smilzo,smilzo, sminare,sminare, Sminthopsis,sminthopsis, smintillo,smintillo, Smintùridi,sminturidi, sminuire,sminuire, sminuzzare,sminuzzare, sminuzzolare,sminuzzolare, smistaménto,smistamento, smistare,smistare, smisurato,smisurato, Smithiano,smithiano, smithsonite,smithsonite, smitizzare,smitizzare, smobiliare,smobiliare, smobilitare,smobilitare, smobilitazióne,smobilitazione, smobilizzo,smobilizzo, smoccicare,smoccicare, smoccolare,smoccolare, smoccolatóio,smoccolatoio, smock,smock, smodato,smodato, smoderato,smoderato, smog,smog, smoking,smoking, smollare,smollare, smollicare,smollicare, smonacare,smonacare, smonetizzazióne,smonetizzazione, smontare,smontare, smonticazióne,smonticazione, smorbare,smorbare, smòrfia,smorfia1 smorfia2, smorfióso,smorfioso, smòrto,smorto, smorzaménto,smorzamento, smorzare,smorzare, smorzata,smorzata, smorzatóre,smorzatore, smòsso,smosso, smottaménto,smottamento, smottare,smottare, smottatura,smottatura, smozzare,smozzare, smozzicare,smozzicare, smùngere,smungere, smunto,smunto, smuòvere,smuovere, smurare,smurare, smussare,smussare, smussatrice,smussatrice, smussatura,smussatura, smusso,smusso, smuta,smuta, sn,sn, snack bar,snack_bar, snasare,snasare, snaturare,snaturare, snaturato,snaturato, snazionalizzare,snazionalizzare, snebbiaménto,snebbiamento, snebbiare,snebbiare, snellézza,snellezza, snellire,snellire, snèllo,snello, snervaménto,snervamento, snervare,snervare, snervatrice,snervatrice, snervatura,snervatura, snidare,snidare, sniff,sniff, sniffare,sniffare, snipe,snipe, snòb,snob, snobbare,snobbare, snobismo,snobismo, snobistico,snobistico, snocciolare,snocciolare, snocciolatóio,snocciolatoio, snodare,snodare, snòdo,snodo, Snofru,snofru, snowboard,snowboard, snow-kart,snow_kart, snudare,snudare, so-,so_, Soaniano,soaniano soap_opera, soave (aggettivo),soave1, soave (enologia),soave2, soavità,soavita, sobbalzare,sobbalzare, sobbalzo,sobbalzo, sobbarcare,sobbarcare, sobbattitura,sobbattitura, sobbollire,sobbollire, sobbórgo,sobborgo, sobillare,sobillare, sobrietà,sobrieta, sòbrio,sobrio, sòcca,socca, socchiùdere,socchiudere, sòccida,soccida, soccidante,soccidante, soccidàrio,soccidario, sòccio,soccio, sòcco,socco, soccombènza,soccombenza, soccómbere,soccombere, soccórrere,soccorrere, soccorrévole,soccorrevole, soccórso,soccorso, soccòscio,soccoscio, socialcomunista,socialcomunista, socialdemocràtico,socialdemocratico, socialdemocrazìa,socialdemocrazia, sociale,sociale, socialismo,socialismo, socialista,socialista, socialìstico,socialistico, socialistòide,socialistoide, socialità,socialita, socializzare,socializzare, socializzazióne,socializzazione, sociativo,sociativo, società,societa, societàrio,societario, sociévole,socievole, socinianésimo o socinianismo,socinianesimo_o_socinianismo, sociniano,sociniano, socio-,socio_, sòcio,socio, socioanàlisi,socioanalisi, sociobiologìa,sociobiologia, sociodramma,sociodramma, socioeconòmico,socioeconomico, sociografìa,sociografia, sociògrafo,sociografo, sociogramma,sociogramma, sociolinguìstica,sociolinguistica, sociologìa,sociologia, sociològico,sociologico, sociologismo,sociologismo, sociòlogo,sociologo, sociometrìa,sociometria, sociomètrico,sociometrico, socioterapìa,socioterapia, socràtico,socratico, sòda,soda, sòda càustica,soda_caustica, sodàglia,sodaglia, sodale,sodale, sodalite,sodalite, sodalìzio,sodalizio, sodanitro,sodanitro, sódar,sodar, sodare,sodare, soddisfacibilità,soddisfacibilita, soddisfaciménto,soddisfacimento, soddisfare,soddisfare, soddisfatto,soddisfatto, soddisfazióne,soddisfazione, soddyite,soddyite, sodézza,sodezza, sòdico,sodico, sòdio,sodio, sodioammide,sodioammide, sodisfare,sodisfare, sòdo,sodo, sodoku,sodoku, sodomìa,sodomia, sodomita,sodomita, sodomìtico,sodomitico, sodomizzare,sodomizzare, sofà,sofa, sofferènte,sofferente, sofferènza,sofferenza, soffermare,soffermare, soffèrto,sofferto, soffiante,soffiante, soffiare,soffiare, soffiata,soffiata, soffiato,soffiato, soffiatóre,soffiatore, soffiatura,soffiatura, sòffice,soffice, soffierìa,soffieria, soffiétto,soffietto, sóffio,soffio, soffióne,soffione, soffitta,soffitta, soffittare,soffittare, soffittatura,soffittatura, soffitto,soffitto, soffocare,soffocare, soffocazióne,soffocazione, sòffoco,soffoco, soffóndere,soffondere, soffreddare,soffreddare, soffregare,soffregare, soffrìggere,soffriggere, soffrire,soffrire, soffritto,soffritto, soffuso,soffuso, sofì,sofi, sofia,_sofia, sofiologìa,sofiologia, sofisma,sofisma, sofista,sofista, Sofista, Il-,sofista_il_, sofìstica,sofistica, sofisticare,sofisticare, sofisticato,sofisticato, sofisticazióne,sofisticazione, sofisticherìa,sofisticheria, sofìstico,sofistico, sofo,_sofo, sòfo,sofo, sofoclèo,sofocleo, softball,softball, software,software, sóga,soga, sogdiano,sogdiano, soggettista,soggettista, soggettivare,soggettivare, soggettivismo,soggettivismo, soggettivista,soggettivista, soggettività,soggettivita, soggettivo,soggettivo, soggètto (aggettivo),soggetto1, soggètto (sostantivo),soggetto2, soggezióne,soggezione, sogghignare,sogghignare, sogghigno,sogghigno, soggiacènte,soggiacente, soggiacére,soggiacere, soggiogare,soggiogare, soggiornare,soggiornare, soggiórno,soggiorno, soggiùngere,soggiungere, soggiuntivo,soggiuntivo, soggolare,soggolare, soggólo,soggolo, sogguardare,sogguardare, sòglia,soglia, soglino,soglino, sòglio,soglio, sògliola,sogliola, sognante,sognante, sognare,sognare, sognatóre,sognatore, sógno,sogno, sòia (botanica),soia1, sòia (sostantivo),soia2, soirée,soiree, sòl (musica),sol1, sòl (chimica),sol2, sol,sol, solàio,solaio, solana,solana, Solanàcee,solanacee, solanina,solanina, solare (del sole),solare1, solare (aggettivo),solare3, solarìmetro,solarimetro, solarium,solarium, solarizzazióne,solarizzazione, solatìo,solatio, solcare,solcare, solcatóre,solcatore, sólco,solco, solcòmetro,solcometro, soldanèlla,soldanella, Soldanella,soldanella_1, soldare,soldare, soldatàglia,soldataglia, soldatésca,soldatesca, soldatésco,soldatesco, soldatéssa,soldatessa, soldatino,soldatino, soldato,soldato, soldinèlla acquàtica,soldinella_acquatica, soldino,soldino, sòldo,soldo, soldóne,soldone, sóle,sole, solea,solea, Solea,solea_1, solécchio,solecchio, solecismo,solecismo, soleggiaménto,soleggiamento, soleggiare,soleggiare, soléggiola,soleggiola, Solèidi,soleidi, soleil,soleil, Soleniales,soleniales, Solènidi,solenidi, solenite,solenite, solènne,solenne, solennità,solennita, solennizzare,solennizzare, soleno-,soleno_, Solenochìlidi,solenochilidi, solenodónte,solenodonte, Solenodòntidi,solenodontidi, Solenogastri,solenogastri, solenoidale,solenoidale, solenòide,solenoide, Solenomiàcei,solenomiacei, sòleo,soleo, solére,solere, solèrte,solerte, solèrzia,solerzia, solétta,soletta, solettare,solettare, solétto,soletto, sòlfa,solfa, solfanìlico,solfanilico, solfara o zolfara,solfara_o_zolfara, solfare,solfare, solfatara,solfatara, solfatasi,solfatasi, solfatazióne,solfatazione, solfato,solfato, solfeggiare,solfeggiare, solféggio,solfeggio, solfidrato,solfidrato, solfìdrico,solfidrico, solfìfero,solfifero, solfitare,solfitare, solfitazióne,solfitazione, solfito,solfito, sólfo,solfo, solfobattèri,solfobatteri, solfocianato,solfocianato, solfociànico,solfocianico, solfocianuro,solfocianuro, solfoclorurazióne,solfoclorurazione, solfocloruro,solfocloruro, solfoemoglobinemìa,solfoemoglobinemia, solfonare,solfonare, solfonato,solfonato, solfonazióne,solfonazione, solfóne,solfone, solfònico,solfonico, solfonile,solfonile, solfònio,solfonio, solfonitrurazióne,solfonitrurazione, solforare,solforare, solforato,solforato, solforatrice,solforatrice, solforazióne,solforazione, solfòrico,solforico, solforile,solforile, solforòsi,solforosi, solforóso,solforoso, solfosale,solfosale, solfoselènio,solfoselenio, solfòssido,solfossido, solfotransferasi,solfotransferasi, solfuro,solfuro, Solidago,solidago, solidale,solidale1 solidale2, solidarietà,solidarieta, solidàrio,solidario, solidarismo,solidarismo, solidarizzare,solidarizzare, solidificare,solidificare, solidificazióne,solidificazione, solidità,solidita, sòlido (fisica e altro),solido1, sòlido (moneta),solido2, solidungo,solidungo, solidus,solidus, soliflussióne,soliflussione, soliflusso,soliflusso, Solìfugi,solifugi, solilòquio,soliloquio, soling,soling, solingo,solingo, solino,solino, solipsismo,solipsismo, solipsista,solipsista, solista,solista, solìstico,solistico, solitàrio,solitario, sòlito,solito, solitùdine,solitudine, solìvago,solivago, sollazzare,sollazzare, sollazzévole,sollazzevole, sollazzo,sollazzo, sollecitare,sollecitare, sollecitatóre,sollecitatore, sollecitatòria,sollecitatoria, sollecitatòrio,sollecitatorio, sollecitazióne,sollecitazione, sollécito (aggettivo),sollecito1, sollécito (sostantivo),sollecito2, sollecitùdine,sollecitudine, solleóne,solleone, solleticare,solleticare, sollético,solletico, sollevaménto,sollevamento, sollevare,sollevare, sollevata,sollevata, sollevato,sollevato, sollevatóre,sollevatore, sollevazióne,sollevazione, sollièvo,sollievo, sollucherare,sollucherare, sollùchero,solluchero, solmisazióne,solmisazione, Solmundella,solmundella, sólo,soloyy, solopaca,solopaca, Solorina,solorina, Solpùgidi,solpugidi, solstiziale,solstiziale, solstìzio,solstizio, soltanto,soltantoyy, solùbile,solubile, solubilità,solubilita, solubilizzare,solubilizzare, solubilizzazióne,solubilizzazione, solutio,solutio, solutio per aes et libram,solutio_per_aes_et_libram, soluti retentio,soluti_retentio, soluto,soluto, solutóre,solutore, soluzióne,soluzione, solvatazióne,solvatazione, solve et repete,solve_et_repete, solvènte,solvente, solvènza,solvenza, sòlvere,solvere, solvìbile,solvibile, solvibilità,solvibilita, sòma,_soma, sòma,soma1, sòma (biologia),soma2, sòma (religione),soma3, sòmalo,somalo, somaràggine,somaraggine, somarèllo,somarello, somaro,somaro, somasco,somasco, Somasteroidèi,somasteroidei, somàtico,somatico, somatizzare,somatizzare, somatizzazióne,somatizzazione, somato-,somato_, somatoagnosìa,somatoagnosia, somatocèle,somatocele, somatocettóre,somatocettore, somatocito,somatocito, somatodèrma,somatoderma, somatogamìa,somatogamia, somatogènesi,somatogenesi, somatògeno,somatogeno, somatolisi,somatolisi, somatomedina,somatomedina, somatometrìa,somatometria, somatoplèura,somatopleura, somatostatina,somatostatina, somatotipo,somatotipo, somatotropina,somatotropina, somatòtropo,somatotropo, somazióne,somazione, sombrero,sombrero, someggiare,someggiare, somière o somièro,somiere_o_somiero, somigliante,somigliante, somiglianza,somiglianza, somigliare,somigliare, somite,somite, sómma,somma, sommàbile,sommabile, sommabilità,sommabilita, sommacco,sommacco, sommaménte,sommamente, sommare,sommare, sommàrio (aggettivo),sommario1, sommàrio (sostantivo),sommario2, sommato,sommato, sommatóre,sommatore, sommatòria,sommatoria, sommazióne,sommazione, sommelier,sommelier, sommèrgere,sommergere, sommergìbile,sommergibile, sommergibilista,sommergibilista, sommersióne,sommersione, sommèrso,sommerso, sommésso (aggettivo),sommesso1, sommésso (sostantivo),sommesso2, somméttere,sommettere, sommier,sommier, somministrante,somministrante, somministrare,somministrare, somministrazióne,somministrazione, sommissióne,sommissione, sommista,sommista, sommità,sommita, sómmo,sommo, sommoscapo,sommoscapo, sommòssa,sommossa, sommoviménto,sommovimento, sommozzatóre,sommozzatore, sommuòvere o sommòvere,sommuovere_o_sommovere, son,son, sonagliare,sonagliare, sonaglièra,sonagliera, sonaglino,sonaglino, sonàglio,sonaglio, sonagramma,sonagramma, sonagràph,sonagraph, sonante (aggettivo),sonante1, sonante (fonetica),sonante2, sònar,sonar, sonata,sonata, sonatina,sonatina, Sonchus,sonchus, sónda,sonda, sondàbile,sondabile, sondàggio,sondaggio, sondaggista,sondaggista, sondare,sondare, sóndo-spira,sondo_spira, sonerìa o suonerìa,soneria_o_suoneria, sonettéssa,sonettessa, sonettista,sonettista, sonétto,sonetto, sonicare,sonicare, sònico,sonico, sònito,sonito, sonnacchióso,sonnacchioso, sonnàmbula,sonnambula, sonnambulismo,sonnambulismo, sonnàmbulo,sonnambulo, sonnecchiare,sonnecchiare, sonnìfero,sonnifero, sonnilòquio,sonniloquio, sonnìloquo,sonniloquo, sónno,sonno, sonnolènto,sonnolento, sonnolènza,sonnolenza, sonoluminescènza,sonoluminescenza, sonòride,sonoride, sonorista,sonorista, sonorità,sonorita, sonorizzare,sonorizzare, sonorizzazióne,sonorizzazione, sonòro,sonoro, sontuosità,sontuosita, sontuóso,sontuoso, sophía,sophia, sophisticated comedy,sophisticated_comedy, Sophora,sophora, sopire,sopire, sopóre,sopore, soporìfero,soporifero, soppalco,soppalco, soppanno,soppanno, soppasso,soppasso, soppediano o soppidiano,soppediano_o_soppidiano, soppélo,soppelo, sopperire,sopperire, soppesaménto,soppesamento, soppesare,soppesare, soppéso,soppeso, soppiantare,soppiantare, soppiatto,soppiatto, soppiattóne,soppiattone, sopportare,sopportare, sopportazióne,sopportazione, sopprèssa,soppressa, soppressare,soppressare, soppressióne,soppressione, soppressóre,soppressore, sopprìmere,sopprimere, soppunto,soppunto, sopra- o sovra-,sopra__o_sovra_, sópra,soprayy, sopràbito,soprabito, sopraccalza,sopraccalza, sopraccapo,sopraccapo, sopraccièlo,sopraccielo, sopraccìglio,sopracciglio, sopracciliare o sopraccigliare,sopracciliare_o_sopraccigliare, sopracciò,sopraccio, sopraccitato,sopraccitato, sopraccóda,sopraccoda, sopraccolóre,sopraccolore, sopraccopèrta o sovraccopèrta,sopraccoperta_o_sovraccoperta, sopraclaveare,sopraclaveare, sopracondiloidèo,sopracondiloideo, sopracòrpo,sopracorpo, sopracostale,sopracostale, sopracrìtico,sopracritico, sopracromiale,sopracromiale, sopraddàzio,sopraddazio, sopraddétto,sopraddetto, sopraddòte,sopraddote, sopradominante,sopradominante, sopraelevare o soprelevare,sopraelevare_o_soprelevare, sopraelevato o soprelevato,sopraelevato_o_soprelevato, sopraelevazióne o soprelevazióne,sopraelevazione_o_soprelevazione, sopraepàtico,sopraepatico, sopraffare,sopraffare, sopraffazióne,sopraffazione, sopraffilo,sopraffilo, sopraffino,sopraffino, soprafinèstra,soprafinestra, sopraggiacca,sopraggiacca, sopraggitto,sopraggitto, sopraggiùngere o sovraggiùngere,sopraggiungere_o_sovraggiungere, sopraindicato,sopraindicato, soprainnèsto o sovrainnèsto,soprainnesto_o_sovrainnesto, soprainsième,soprainsieme, sopraioidèo,sopraioideo, sópra la pari,sopra_la_pari, sopraliminare,sopraliminare, sopralineatura,sopralineatura, sopralluògo o sopraluògo,sopralluogo_o_sopraluogo, sopralzo,sopralzo, soprammànica,soprammanica, soprammano,soprammano, soprammattóne,soprammattone, soprammentovato,soprammentovato, soprammenzionato,soprammenzionato, soprammercato,soprammercato, soprammòbile,soprammobile, sopramondano,sopramondano, sopramurazióne,sopramurazione, soprana,soprana, sopranazionale o soprannazionale,sopranazionale_o_soprannazionale, sopranazionalità,sopranazionalita, sopranista,sopranista, soprannaturale o sovrannaturale,soprannaturale_o_sovrannaturale, soprannaturalismo,soprannaturalismo, sopranno,sopranno, soprannòlo,soprannolo, soprannóme,soprannome, soprannominare,soprannominare, soprannominato,soprannominato, soprannumeràrio,soprannumerario, soprannùmero,soprannumero, soprano (aggettivo),soprano1, soprano (musica),soprano2, sopranominato o sópra nominato,sopranominato_o_sopra_nominato, sopraorbitale,sopraorbitale, sopraòrtico,sopraortico, soprapassàggio,soprapassaggio, soprappaga,soprappaga, soprapparto,soprapparto, soprappensièro o sópra pensièro,soprappensiero_o_sopra_pensiero, soprappiù,soprappiu, soprappòrta,soprapporta, soprapprèzzo,soprapprezzo, soprapùbico,soprapubico, soprarazionale,soprarazionale, soprarenale,soprarenale, soprarizzo,soprarizzo, soprascapolare,soprascapolare, soprascarpa,soprascarpa, soprascritta,soprascritta, soprasensìbile o sovrasensìbile,soprasensibile_o_sovrasensibile, soprasilvano,soprasilvano, sopraspinóso,sopraspinoso, soprassalto,soprassalto, soprassaturazióne o sovrassaturazióne,soprassaturazione_o_sovrassaturazione, soprassàturo,soprassaturo, soprassedére,soprassedere, soprassegnare,soprassegnare, soprasségno,soprassegno, soprassèllo,soprassello, soprassòglio,soprassoglio, soprassòldo,soprassoldo, soprassuòlo o soprasuòlo,soprassuolo_o_soprasuolo, soprastallìa,soprastallia, soprastare,soprastare, sopratestata,sopratestata, sopratònica,sopratonica, soprattacco,soprattacco, soprattassa o sopratassa,soprattassa_o_sopratassa, soprattèrra,sopratterra, soprattétto,soprattetto, soprattutto,soprattuttoyy, sopravanzare,sopravanzare, sopravanzo,sopravanzo, sopravissano,sopravissano, sopravvalutare o sopravalutare,sopravvalutare_o_sopravalutare, sopravveniènza,sopravvenienza, sopravvenire,sopravvenire, sopravvènto,sopravvento, sopravvèste,sopravveste, sopravvissuto,sopravvissuto, sopravvivènza,sopravvivenza, sopravvìvere,sopravvivere, sopreccedènza,sopreccedenza, sopreccèdere,sopreccedere, sopredificare,sopredificare, soprintendènte,soprintendente, soprintendènza,soprintendenza, soprintèndere,soprintendere, sopruso,sopruso, soqquadro,soqquadro, sor-,sor_, sór o siór,sor_o_sior, sòrabo o sorbo,sorabo, soràcchio,soracchio, sorante,sorante, sòrba o sòrbola,sorba_o_sorbola, sorbettare,sorbettare, sorbettièra,sorbettiera, sorbettière,sorbettiere, sorbétto,sorbetto, sorbézzolo,sorbezzolo, sòrbico,sorbico, sorbire,sorbire, sorbite,sorbite, sorbitòlo,sorbitolo, sòrbo,sorbo1, sorbòsio,sorbosio, sorcigno,sorcigno, sorcino,sorcino, sórcio,sorcio, sorcòtto,sorcotto, sordàggine,sordaggine, sordastro,sordastro, sordidézza,sordidezza, sòrdido,sordido, sordina,sordina, sordino,sordino, sordità,sordita, sórdo,sordo, sordomutismo,sordomutismo, sordomuto,sordomuto, sordóne,sordone, sorèdio,soredio, sorèlla,sorella, sorellanza,sorellanza, sorellastra,sorellastra, sorgènte,sorgente, sorgentìfero,sorgentifero, sórgere,sorgere, sorgivo,sorgivo, sórgo,sorgo, soriano,soriano, Sorìcidi,soricidi, sorite,sorite, sormontare,sormontare, sornióne,sornione, sòro (aggettivo),soro1, sòro (sostantivo),soro2, soroborato,soroborato, sororale,sororale, sororato,sororato, sorosilicato,sorosilicato, soròsio,sorosio, sorpassare,sorpassare, sorpassato,sorpassato, sorpasso,sorpasso, sorprendènte,sorprendente, sorprèndere,sorprendere, sorprésa,sorpresa, sorpréso,sorpreso, sórra,sorra, Sorradile,sorradile, sorrèggere,sorreggere, sorrentino,sorrentino, sorrìdere,sorridere, sorrisétto,sorrisetto, sorriso,sorriso, sorsare,sorsare, sorsata,sorsata, sorseggiare,sorseggiare, sórso,sorso, sòrta,sorta, sòrte,sorte, sorteggiare,sorteggiare, sortéggio,sorteggio, sortilègio,sortilegio, sortìlego,sortilego, sortire,sortire1 sortire2, sortita,sortita, sórto,sorto, sorvegliante,sorvegliante, sorveglianza,sorveglianza, sorvegliare,sorvegliare, sorvenire,sorvenire, sorvolare,sorvolare, sorvólo,sorvolo, soscrizióne,soscrizione, sòsia,sosia, sospèndere,sospendere, sospensióne,sospensione, sospensiva,sospensiva, sospensivo,sospensivo, sospensìvoro,sospensivoro, sospensóre,sospensore, sospensòrio,sospensorio, sospéso,sospeso, sospettare,sospettare, sospètto (aggettivo),sospetto1, sospètto (sostantivo),sospetto2, sospettóso,sospettoso, sospìngere,sospingere, sospirare,sospirare, sospiro,sospiro, sospiróso,sospiroso, sòspite,sospite, sossópra,sossopra, sòsta,sosta, sostantivare,sostantivare, sostantivo,sostantivo, sostanza,sostanza, sostanziale,sostanziale, sostanzialismo,sostanzialismo, sostanzialità,sostanzialita, sostanziare,sostanziare, sostanzióso,sostanzioso, sostare,sostare, sostégno,sostegno, sostenére,sostenere, sostenìbile,sostenibile, sostenitóre,sostenitore, sostentare,sostentare, sostentazióne,sostentazione, sostenutézza,sostenutezza, sostenuto,sostenuto, sostituire,sostituire, sostitutivo,sostitutivo, sostituto,sostituto, sostituzióne,sostituzione, sostrato,sostrato, sostruzióne,sostruzione, Sotalia,sotalia, soteriologìa,soteriologia, soteriològico,soteriologico, Sothis,sothis, sòtico,sotico, sottàbito,sottabito, sottacére,sottacere, sottacéto,sottaceto, sott’àcqua,sottacqua, sottana,sottana, sottanino,sottanino, sottano,sottano, sottécchi,sottecchi, sottèndere,sottendere, sottentrare,sottentrare, sotterfùgio,sotterfugio, sottèrra,sotterra, sotterràneo,sotterraneo, sotterrare,sotterrare, sottie o sotie,sottie_o_sotie, sottigliézza,sottigliezza, sottile,sottile, sottilizzare,sottilizzare, sottino,sottino, sottintèndere,sottintendere, sottintéso,sottinteso, sotto-,sotto_, sótto,sottoyy, sottoanèllo,sottoanello, sottoarmònica,sottoarmonica, sottoascèlla,sottoascella, sottobanco,sottobanco, sottobicchière,sottobicchiere, sottobórdo,sottobordo, sottobòsco,sottobosco, sottobottìglia,sottobottiglia, sottobràccio o sótto bràccio,sottobraccio_o_sotto_braccio, sottocapo,sottocapo, sottòcchio o sott’òcchio,sottocchio_o_sottocchio, sottoccipitale,sottoccipitale, sottoccupato,sottoccupato, sottoccupazióne,sottoccupazione, sottocentrale,sottocentrale, sottochìglia,sottochiglia, sottocìpria,sottocipria, sottoclasse,sottoclasse, sottoclaveare,sottoclaveare, sottocóda,sottocoda, sottocommissióne,sottocommissione, sottoconsumo,sottoconsumo, sottocopèrta o sótto copèrta,sottocoperta_o_sotto_coperta, sottocóppa,sottocoppa, sottocòrpo,sottocorpo, sottocorticale,sottocorticale, sottocostale,sottocostale, sottocrìtico,sottocritico, sottocrostale o subcrostale,sottocrostale_o_subcrostale, sottocutàneo,sottocutaneo, sottodominante,sottodominante, sottoespórre,sottoesporre, sottoesposizióne,sottoesposizione, sottofamìglia,sottofamiglia, sottofàscia,sottofascia, sottofemorale,sottofemorale, sottofondazióne,sottofondazione, sottofóndo,sottofondo, sottogamba o sótto gamba,sottogamba_o_sotto_gamba, sottogóla,sottogola, sottogónna,sottogonna, sottogovèrno,sottogoverno, sottograno,sottograno, sottogruppo,sottogruppo, sottoinsième,sottoinsieme, sottoinvestiménto,sottoinvestimento, sottoioidèo,sottoioideo, sótto la pari,sotto_la_pari, sottolineare,sottolineare, sottolineatura,sottolineatura, sottolinguale,sottolinguale, sott’òlio o sottòlio,sottolio_o_sottolio, sottoliscìvia,sottoliscivia, sottolivèllo,sottolivello, sottomammàrio,sottomammario, sottomandibolare,sottomandibolare, sottomano,sottomano, sottomarino,sottomarino, sottomascellare,sottomascellare, sottomentale,sottomentale, sottomésso,sottomesso, sottométtere,sottomettere, sottomissióne,sottomissione, sottomucósa,sottomucosa, sottomucóso,sottomucoso, sottomùltiplo,sottomultiplo, sottomurazióne,sottomurazione, sottonormale,sottonormale, sottonotato,sottonotato, sottopalco,sottopalco, sottopància,sottopancia, sottopassàggio,sottopassaggio, sottopiano,sottopiano, sottopiatto,sottopiatto, sottopiède,sottopiede, sottopórre,sottoporre, sottoportante,sottoportante, sottopósto,sottoposto, sottoprodótto,sottoprodotto, sottoprogramma,sottoprogramma, sottoproletariato,sottoproletariato, sottoproletàrio,sottoproletario, sottopunto,sottopunto, sottoraffreddaménto,sottoraffreddamento, sottorbitale,sottorbitale, sottórdine,sottordine, sottoscala,sottoscala, sottoscapolare,sottoscapolare, sottoscarpa,sottoscarpa, sottoscavo,sottoscavo, sottoscorriménto,sottoscorrimento, sottoscritto,sottoscritto, sottoscrittóre,sottoscrittore, sottoscrìvere,sottoscrivere, sottoscrizióne,sottoscrizione, sottosegretariato,sottosegretariato, sottosegretàrio,sottosegretario, sottosezióne,sottosezione, sottosilvano,sottosilvano, sottosópra,sottosoprayy, sottospècie,sottospecie, sottospinóso,sottospinoso, sottosquadro,sottosquadro, sottostare,sottostare, sottostazióne,sottostazione, sottosterzante,sottosterzante, sottosuòlo,sottosuolo, sottosviluppato,sottosviluppato, sottosviluppo,sottosviluppo, sottotangènte,sottotangente, sottotenènte,sottotenente, sottotèrra o sótto tèrra,sottoterra_o_sotto_terra, sottotétto,sottotetto, sottotìtolo,sottotitolo, sottotratto,sottotratto, sottovalutare,sottovalutare, sottovaso,sottovaso, sottovéla,sottovela, sottovènto,sottovento, sottovernice,sottovernice, sottovèste,sottoveste, sottovìa,sottovia, sottovita,sottovita, sottovóce o sótto vóce,sottovoce_o_sotto_voce, sottovuòto o sótto vuòto,sottovuoto_o_sotto_vuoto, sottozòna,sottozona, sottraèndo,sottraendo, sottrarre,sottrarre, sottrattivo,sottrattivo, sottrazióne,sottrazione, sottufficiale,sottufficiale, soubise,soubise, soubresaut,soubresaut, soubrette,soubrette, soufflé,souffle, soul music,soul_music, souplesse,souplesse, souvenir,souvenir, sovchoz,sovchoz, sovènte,sovente, soverchiare,soverchiare, soverchierìa,soverchieria, sovèrchio,soverchio, sovesciare,sovesciare, sovèscio,sovescio, sovièt,soviet, soviètico,sovietico, sovietizzare,sovietizzare, sovrabbondante,sovrabbondante, sovrabbondanza,sovrabbondanza, sovrabbondare,sovrabbondare, sovracapitalizzazióne,sovracapitalizzazione, sovracarburazióne,sovracarburazione, sovraccaricare,sovraccaricare, sovraccàrico,sovraccarico, sovracomprèsso,sovracompresso, sovracorrènte,sovracorrente, sovradeterminazióne,sovradeterminazione, sovraescavazióne,sovraescavazione, sovraespórre,sovraesporre, sovraesposizióne,sovraesposizione, sovraffaticare,sovraffaticare, sovraffollato,sovraffollato, sovraiettivo,sovraiettivo, sovrainvecchiaménto,sovrainvecchiamento, sovralesaménto,sovralesamento, sovralimentazióne,sovralimentazione, sovralluvionaménto,sovralluvionamento, sovramarèa,sovramarea, sovrametallo,sovrametallo, sovramodulazióne,sovramodulazione, sovrana,sovrana, sovraneggiare,sovraneggiare, sovranità,sovranita, sovrano,sovrano, sovrappopolare,sovrappopolare, sovrappopolazióne,sovrappopolazione, sovrappórre,sovrapporre, sovrappòrta,sovrapporta, sovrapposizióne,sovrapposizione, sovrappósto,sovrapposto, sovrapproduzióne,sovrapproduzione, sovrapressióne,sovrapressione, sovraprofitto,sovraprofitto, sovrarispàrmio,sovrarisparmio, sovrascorriménto,sovrascorrimento, sovrasollecitazióne,sovrasollecitazione, sovrastampa,sovrastampa, sovrastampare,sovrastampare, sovrastare,sovrastare, sovrasterzante,sovrasterzante, sovrastruttura,sovrastruttura, sovratensióne,sovratensione, sovreccitare,sovreccitare, sovreccitazióne,sovreccitazione, sovrimpórre,sovrimporre, sovrimposizióne,sovrimposizione, sovrimpòsta,sovrimposta, sovrimpòsto,sovrimposto, sovrimpressióne,sovrimpressione, sovrintendènte,sovrintendente, sovrumano,sovrumano, sovvàggio o sovvàggiolo,sovvaggio_o_sovvaggiolo, sovvenire,sovvenire, sovvenzionare,sovvenzionare, sovvenzióne,sovvenzione, sovversióne,sovversione, sovversivismo,sovversivismo, sovversivo,sovversivo, sovvertire,sovvertire, sowizdrzalska,sowizdrzalska, sòzio,sozio, sozzo,sozzo, sozzume,sozzume, sozzura,sozzura, sp.,sp_, spaccalégna,spaccalegna, spaccamontagne,spaccamontagne, spaccaòssa,spaccaossa, spaccapiètre,spaccapietre, spaccare,spaccare, spaccasassi,spaccasassi, spaccata,spaccata, spaccato,spaccato, spaccatura,spaccatura, spacchettare,spacchettare, spacciare,spacciare, spacciatóre,spacciatore, spàccio,spaccio, spacco,spacco, spacconata,spacconata, spaccóne,spaccone, spada,spada, spadaccino,spadaccino, spadàio,spadaio, Spadella,spadella, spadellare,spadellare, spàdice,spadice, Spadiciflòre,spadiciflore, spadino,spadino, spadista,spadista, spadóne,spadone1 spadone2, spadroneggiare,spadroneggiare, spaesato,spaesato, spaghettata,spaghettata, spaghetteria,spaghetteria, spaghétto,spaghetto1 spaghetto2, spaginare,spaginare, spagliare,spagliare1 spagliare2, spàglio,spaglio, spagnoleggiare,spagnoleggiare, spagnolésco,spagnolesco, spagnolétta,spagnoletta, spagnolismo,spagnolismo, spagnòlo,spagnolo, spago,spago1 spago2, spàhi o spài,spahi_o_spai, spaiare,spaiare, spàlace,spalace, spalancare,spalancare, spalare,spalare1 spalare2, spalata,spalata, spalatóre,spalatore, spalatrice,spalatrice, spalatróne,spalatrone, spalcare,spalcare, spalcatura,spalcatura, spalla,spalla, spallàccio,spallaccio, spallaménto,spallamento, spallare,spallare, spallàrm o spall’arm,spallarm_o_spallarm, spallata,spallata, spallazióne,spallazione, spalleggiaménto,spalleggiamento, spalleggiare,spalleggiare, spallétta,spalletta, spallièra,spalliera, spallina,spallina, spallóne,spallone, spallùccia,spalluccia, spalmare,spalmare, spalmatura,spalmatura, spalto,spalto, Spaltung,spaltung, spampanare,spampanare, spamming,spamming, spanare,spanare1 spanare2, spanatura,spanatura, spanciare,spanciare, spanciata,spanciata, span d’attenzióne,span_dattenzione, spàndere,spandere, spandicèra,spandicera, spandiconcime,spandiconcime, spandifièno,spandifieno, spandiletame,spandiletame, spandiliquame,spandiliquame, spangolite,spangolite, spaniare,spaniare, spaniel,spaniel, spanker,spanker, spanna (sostantivo),spanna1, spanna (enologia),spanna2, spannare,spannare, spannatóia,spannatoia, spannocchiare,spannocchiare, spanso,spanso, spantanare,spantanare, spanto,spanto, spaparanzarsi,spaparanzarsi, spappagallare,spappagallare, spappolare,spappolare, sparacchiare,sparacchiare, sparachiòdi,sparachiodi, sparaglióne,sparaglione, sparagnare,sparagnare, sparagnino,sparagnino, sparagno,sparagno, sparare,sparare1 sparare2, Sparassis,sparassis, sparata,sparata, sparato,sparato, sparatòria,sparatoria, spar deck,spar_deck, sparecchiare,sparecchiare, sparéggio,spareggio, Sparganiàcee,sparganiacee, sparganòsi,sparganosi, spàrgere,spargere, Spàridi,sparidi, sparigliare,sparigliare, sparìglio,spariglio, sparire,sparire, sparisòma,sparisoma, sparita,sparita, sparlare,sparlare, sparlina,sparlina, Sparnaciano,sparnaciano, sparnazzare,sparnazzare, sparo,sparo, sparpagliare,sparpagliare, sparring partner,sparring_partner, sparso,sparso, spartano,spartano, sparteina,sparteina, spartiàcque,spartiacque, spartiata,spartiata, spartigrano,spartigrano, Spartina,spartina, spartinéve,spartineve, 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spaventóso,spaventoso, spaziale,spaziale, spazialismo,spazialismo, spaziare,spaziare, spaziatóre,spaziatore, spaziatrice,spaziatrice, spaziatura,spaziatura, spazieggiare,spazieggiare, spazieggiatura,spazieggiatura, spazientire,spazientire, spàzio,spazio, spaziosità,spaziosita, spazióso,spazioso, spaziotemporale,spaziotemporale, spazzacamino,spazzacamino, spazzanéve,spazzaneve, spazzare,spazzare, spazzata,spazzata, spazzatrice,spazzatrice, spazzatura,spazzatura, spazzino,spazzino, spàzzola,spazzola, spazzolare,spazzolare, spazzolata,spazzolata, spazzolatrice,spazzolatrice, spazzolifìcio,spazzolificio, spazzolino,spazzolino, spazzolóne,spazzolone, speaker,speaker, spècchia,specchia, specchiàio,specchiaio, specchiare,specchiare, specchiato,specchiato, specchiatura,specchiatura, specchièra,specchiera, specchiétto,specchietto1 specchietto2, spècchio,specchio1 specchio2, spècchio di Vènere,specchio_di_venere, special,special, speciale,speciale, specialista,specialista, 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Articolo da davidemaggio.it:

Ad un mese dal lancio, TivùSat, piattaforma satellitare gratuita promossa da Rai, Mediaset e Telecom Italia Media, non ha ancora preso il volo e, forse, ci vorranno ancora molti mesi affinchè possa farlo. La piattaforma è nata lo scorso 31 luglio con lo scopo primario di raggiungere le aree più impervie del territorio italiano dove il digitale terrestre non potrà mai arrivare.

Negli annunci di lancio si parlava di una piattaforma completamente gratuita ma, a guardare gli scaffali dei negozi di elettronica, non è realmente così. All’assenza di canoni di abbonamento corrisponde, infatti, il costo elevato dei decoder per il decriptaggio delle trasmissioni. I canali sono fruibili solo con l’uso dei decoder marchiati TivùSat e della smart card venduta in abbinamento. Tutti gli altri decoder, da quello di Sky a quelli free, non possono leggere la nuova codifica Nagra e quindi i loro utenti non possono usufruire dei canali della piattaforma.

La “questione codifica” è venuta alla ribalta il 12 agosto scorso quando gli italiani che guardavano RaiUno con il decoder Sky o con un semplice decoder gratuito, a pochi minuti dall’inizio della partita Svizzera-Italia si sono trovati davanti uno schermo completamente nero, sintomo di assenza di trasmissione decriptabile. Solo i decoder della piattaforma gratuita hanno potuto decriptare il canale ma, vista la scarsa diffusione, pochissimi italiani hanno beneficiato dell’offerta e sabato prossimo con Italia-Georgia potrebbe ripetersi quanto accaduto.

Secondo installatori e retailer, i decoder venduti, infatti, non sono neanche 10mila a causa dei prezzi troppo elevati. Maurizio Motta, Direttore Generale Commerciale di Mediaworld dichiara al Sole24Ore: ”Non è tra i prodotti più richiesti anche per via del prezzo, tre volte più caro del decoder per il digitale terrestre“. Il primo decoder ad essere messo in circolazione è stato quello prodotto da Humax (Combo 9000) che integra anche il digitale terrestre e costa ben 169 euro contro i 109 del decoder solo sat Adb I-Can 1110Tivù, da poco sugli scaffali dei negozi di elettronica di consumo. Presto accanto a questi, anche altri produttori (Telesystem, Auriga, Fracarro per citarne alcuni) venderanno i propri decoder ma i prezzi non saranno tanto diversi.

Non di poco conto sono inoltre le spese per l’installazione dell’impianto satellitare. Chi ne è sprovvisto, dovrà infatti sborsare circa 150 euro per la fornitura di parabola, cavo e la loro messa in opera.

Se i costi del decoder e dell’installazione non si abbasseranno, TivùSat sembrerebbe destinata a non andare molto lontano e forse servirà solo a duplicare il segnale digitale terrestre per quei 3 milioni di italiani che vivono nelle aree non coperte, lasciando l’arduo ruolo di concorrente della piattaforma di Murdoch a qualcun altro.

TIVU’SAT STENTA A PRENDERE IL VOLO: I POCHI DECODER COSTANO TROPPO

By Michael MacLeod

THE Royal College of Surgeons had almost half a million pounds plundered from its bank account after falling victim to an outlandish con.

Fraudsters posed as employees of the Royal Bank of Scotland and duped a worker at the institution to accept a new banking “smart card” last year.

But £465,000 was taken out of the RCS’s account almost immediately, sparking a widespread police investigation.

Although some of the cash was finally recovered, the RCS remains £80,000 out of pocket.

Edinburgh Sheriff Court heard how a man at the head of the scam – who cannot be identified for legal reasons – walked into the RCS headquarters in Nicolson Street in June last year purporting to be an RBS worker.

He duped an employee into agreeing it would be “in their best interests” to set up a new banking facility.

Fiscal depute Alasdair MacLeod said: “The suspect arranged for a smart card to be sent to the Royal College of Surgeons.

“In return, the RCS worker – believing it to be in their best interests – was told a reader was being used to access RCS accounts, so gave unique numbers over to the man.

“But the smart card was used to transfer £465,000 to various individuals in India and the UK.”

It emerged today (Monday) two “naive” Scots teenagers were central to the scam – agreeing to let the cash be filtered through their own accounts in exchange for a cut.

Unemployed Edinburgh pair Ross Nicol and Craig Robinson – both 19 – were approached by the unnamed crooked mastermind in June last year.

After he conned the RCS, they met the Indian man close to Edinburgh’s busy Waverley Station and handed him £25,000 of the money in return for their cut of just £500.

But detectives, along with RBS staff, traced the transactions back to branches in Princes Street and Castle Street, before scouring CCTV to catch the pair withdrawing the money.

They were attested and during police interview, Nicol admitted withdrawing £14,000 on July 8 last year and immediately handing it over to the main suspect.

Robinson initially denied any involvement until police probed him over specific details about his bank account.

He eventually confessed to taking out £10,000 on July 8 and handing it over, also to the suspect at the centre of the investigation, whom they both identified to police from photographs.

The court heard that the rest of the cash was transferred to other accounts in Scotland and India.

Yesterday appearing at Edinburgh Sheriff Court each pleaded guilty to the dodgy cash handling charges – cited in court documents as ‘entering into arrangements for the facilitation of criminal property’ – between June 20 and July 6, 2008.

Not only did the RCS lose thousands, but court heard RBS were left £40,000 out of pocket and it could have been more had it not been for a bank holiday delaying the transfer.

Mr MacLeod added: “Part of the money was transferred into the accounts of Ross Nicol and Craig Robinson, who are minor players at the lower end of a major scheme.

“The money transfers took place on a Bank holiday and the bank were luckily able to use that time to begin investigations.

“The actual process of how these funds were transferred is not known at the moment.

“The larger scheme is currently still being investigated by police.”

Yesterday Sheriff William Holligan deferred sentence for background reports on the pair, releasing them on bail until later this month.

See more of our pictures at our Flickr site and videos at our dedicated channel,  Deadline TV.

The SLE4442 is a popular smart card with 256bytes of protected EEPROM storage. You can buy blanks to play with for a few dollars, or pick some up at your local copy center. The advantage to buying them is that you’ll know the security code and be able to write to the card.

Hack a Day looked at the SLE4442 using the Bus Pirate, but the article uses v0a hardware and a very early firmware. This is an updated quick guide to reading a SLE4442 with v2go and firmware v2.2+. Refer to the original article for an in depth look at the SLE4442 and its data layout.

Chip: SLE4442, protected EEPROM smart card.
Bus: 2 wire + reset, pull-up resistors to 5volts required.
Power requirements: 5volts.
References: datasheet [PDF], Hack a Day demonstration.
Complete Bus Pirate session log for this demonstration.

Note that firmware v2.1+ moves the SLE4442 RESET control from AUX to the CS  pin.

1. Connect the SLE4442 and configure the Bus Pirate

Connect the Bus Pirate to the SLE4442 as shown in the table above.

HiZ>m<<<mode menu
1. HiZ
…
7. RAW2WIRE
…
(1) >7<<<choose raw2wire mode
Mode selected
Set speed:
1. Slow(~5KHz)
2. Fast(~50KHz)
(1) >2<<<any speed is ok
Select output type:
1. Open drain (H=Hi-Z, L=GND)
2. Normal (H=3.3V, L=GND)
(1) >1<<<open drain outputs
READY
RAW2WIRE>

In the Bus Pirate terminal open the mode menu (M) and select the raw2wire library. Configure raw2wire for any speed and open drain/Hi-Z output types.

RAW2WIRE>W<<<power supplies on
POWER SUPPLIES ON
RAW2WIRE>p<<<configure pull-up resistors
1. Pull-ups off
2. Pull-ups on
(1) >2
Pull-up resistors ON
RAW2WIRE>l<<<configure bit order
1. MSB first
2. LSB first
(1) >2
LSB set: LEAST sig bit first
RAW2WIRE>

Next, enable the power supplies (big ‘W’) and turn on the pull-up resistors (menu p). The SLE4442 sends data least significant bit first, so configure the Bus Pirate for LSB data mode (menu l).

RAW2WIRE>c<<<toggle AUX command pin
AUX commands control
1. AUX (default)
2. CS/TMS
(1) >2
a/A/@ controls CS/TMS pin
RAW2WIRE>

Note that firmware v2.1+ moves the SLE4442 RESET control from AUX to the CS  pin. v1 and v2 both have an on-board pull-up resistor on CS but not AUX. Configure the AUX commands to control the CS pin (menu c).

RAW2WIRE>i<<<get current settings
Bus Pirate v3
http://dangerousprototypes.com
Firmware v2.1
DEVID:0×0447 REVID:0×3042 (B4)
*———-*
POWER SUPPLIES ON
Voltage monitors: 5V: 5.0 | 3.3V: 3.3 | VPULLUP: 5.0 |
a/A/@ controls CS/TMS pin
Open drain outputs (H=input, L=GND)
Pull-up resistors ON
LSB set: LEAST sig bit first
*———-*
RAW2WIRE>

This demonstration takes a lot of configuration steps. The information command (i) displays the current mode settings. Press i and verify the mode settings: power supplies on, pull-up resistors enabled, AUX command controls CS pin, and data is read LSB first.

2. Interrogate the card with a ISO 7813 Answer to Reset command

RAW2WIRE>(1)<<<ISO 7813 ATR macro
ISO 7813-3 ATR (RESET on CS)
RESET HIGH, CLOCK TICK, RESET LOW<<<send command
ISO 7813-3 reply (LSB first): 0xA2 0×13 0×10 0×91<<<read 4 bytes
Protocol: 2 wire<<<protocol according to ATR
Read type: to end<<<read abilities
Data units: 256<<<data length
Data unit length (bits): 8<<<each unit is 8bits/1byte
RAW2WIRE>

Many smart cards respond to a standard command called an ‘ISO7813 Answer to Reset’. The ATR command returns some basic information about the card that helps universal card readers identify the protocol and data length.  Read more about the ATR signal in the original SLE4442 demo at Hack a Day.

Note: the ATR reply is always sent LSB, so the ATR macro will automatically adjust the bit order to LSB even if it isn’t configured in the library. This feature was deprecated in v2.5 at a reader’s request. Evidently some smartcards ATR most significant bit first!

3. Dump the SLE4442 smart card data

RAW2WIRE>{0×30 0 0xff} r:255 r:10
(\-/_\)I2C START BIT
WRITE: 0×30<<<read instruction
WRITE: 0×00<<<begin read address
WRITE: 0xFF<<<doesn’t matter
(_/-\)I2C STOP BIT
READ 0xFF BYTES:<<<read 255 data bytes
0xA2 0×13 0×10 0×91 0×46 0xFF 0×81 0×15 0xFF 0×01 0×4B 0×03 0×00 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xD2 0×76 0×00 0×00 0×04 0×09 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
0×7B 0×14 0xAE 0×47 0xE1 0×7A 0×94 0×3F 0×4C 0×46 0xC6 0×3B 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00
0×20 0×08 0×03 0×04 0×09 0×57 0×04 0×04 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00
0×00 0×00 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
0×30 0×31 0×33 0×34 0×30 0×30 0×31 0×33 0×36 0×35 0×36 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00
0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×43 0×61 0×73 0×68 0×20 0×43 0×75 0×73 0×74 0×6F 0×6D 0×65
0×72 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×39
0×39 0×31 0×31 0×00 0×31 0×30 0×31 0×00 0×30 0×30 0×30 0×30 0×30 0×00 0×00 0×00
0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00
0×00 0×00 0×00 0×03 0×00 0×00 0×01 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00
0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×20 0×08 0×03 0×04 0×09 0×57 0×04 0×04 0×00
0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0×00 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0×00 0×00
READ 0×0A BYTES:<<<read one data byte and then a few extras
0×00 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
RAW2WIRE>

Finally, we dump the card. { generates an I2C-like start bit, 0×30 is the read command, 0 is the read start address, 0xff doesn’t matter, and } generates an I2C-like stop bit. r:255 r:10 reads all 256 data bytes, plus a few extra byte, to make sure we reached the end of the card. See the Hack a Day article to decode the data.

For day two of Black Hat, we sat in on on [Joe Grand], [Jacob Appelbaum], and [Chris Tarnovsky]’s study of the electronic parking meter industry. They decided to study parking meters because they are available everywhere, but rarely considered from a security perspective.

They focused on the San Francisco’s MTA implementation of electronic smart card meters. To start they purchased several meters on eBay just to see the different styles. SF MTA lets you purchase disposable payment cards with values of $20 or $50. They decided to sniff the interaction between the meter and the smartcard using a shim. With that first capture they were able to easily replay the transaction. This didn’t require a smartcard reader, just an oscilloscope. They then took the attack a little further.

[Joe] built a smartcard emulator using a PIC16F648A. They used it to capture multiple transactions and then decoded the interactions by hand. Luckily, the card was using the IEC 7816 standard so they had some insight into the protocol. They found that the card has a stored maximum value and only writes how many times the value has been decremented. As a proof of concept, they change the maximum value, which you can see on the meter above. They could also have just changed the acknowledgement so that the card never writes any deductions.

The PIC16F648A was a good choice because it’s available in a smart card format called a ‘silver card‘. You can find the emulator code and slides from the talk on [Joe]’s site about the project.

from Congressional Quarterly News,

“In Taiwan, we have no waiting lists,” says Hou. “In Taiwan, the doctor works on Saturday. They operate on Saturday afternoon.” Moreover, the government does not tell its citizens where they must go for care, he said. Sophisticated information technology is a part of the health system. Each resident of the country carries a “smart card” to entitles them to health care.

“With the smart card you can go to any clinic at any time without an appointment,” Hou said. And there is no “gatekeeper” denying access to specialists, a frequent complaint among Americans about U.S. managed care companies.

This freedom of choice helps improve quality because providers must compete to attract patients, Hou says.

The smart card also contributes to the quality and efficiency of the system by giving doctors a medical profile of the patient and by automating payment. When a provider swipes the card, the patient’s medical history and medications show up on the computer screen and the government is billed for the provider’s services.”

The latest released version (v2.3.9.62) of USBTrace includes  Smart Card (CCID) device class decoder.  The decoder will capture, decode and display CCID class specific descriptors, requests and messages.

To know more and to see the list of smart card specific requests captured by USBTrace, please see http://www.sysnucleus.com/usbtrace_cd_ccid.html .

Download and try USBTrace, the USB Monitor software for Windows from http://www.sysnucleus.com/usbtrace_download.html.

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La Commissione Europea ha dichiarato che i consumatori dovrebbero essere in grado di controllare la privacy sui dati della loro vita privata contenuti in smart-card magnetiche e RFID, chip tipicamente inseriti nei nuovi passaporti, carte d’identità e travel cards.

Il 12 maggio la Commissione Europea ha approvato una regolamentazione per assicurare che tutti gli operatori coinvolti nella progettazione o l’uso di tecnologia “smart chip” rispettino il diritto fondamentale dell’individuo alla privacy e alla protezione dei dati. Questo diritto è stato definito nella Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione Europea, il 14 dicembre 2007.

Le aziende e le autorità pubbliche dovrebbero valutare l’impatto sulla privacy e la protezione dei dati prima di utilizzare smart chip. Le autorità nazionali di protezione dei dati dovrebbero rivedere le valutazioni per garantire la fiducia dei cittadini.

la Commissione ha affermato che le imprese, le agenzie e le pubbliche amministrazioni che utilizzano smart chip (come il passaporto e la carta d’identità) dovrebbero comunicare esattamente ai consumatori tutti i dati che raccolgono (come il nome, l’indirizzo o la data di nascita), lo scopo, e se e come saranno utilizzati .

Viviane Reding, Commissario per le Comunicazioni, ha affermato che i consumatori avranno la certezza che la privacy dei loro dati sarà rispettata e “inespugnabile”. “La Commissione, pertanto, vuole che la tecnologia RFID consenta ai consumatori di controllare la sicurezza dei propri dati, che è il modo migliore per assicurarsi che l’RFID sia un successo economico” è stato dichiarato.

Reding ha anche detto che il mercato RFID crescerà di cinque volte nel corso del prossimo decennio, da 2,2 miliardi di euro (per un valore di € 4BN) l’anno scorso, con l’Europa che rappresenta il 35% di share.

Smart Card gives members exclusive access to special members prices on selected products, so you can save even more every time you shop at Sportsmart.

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Patrick Gueulle published a logging program (French article) for BasicCards. A BasicCard is a smartcard programmable in a variant of the BASIC language. Patrick’s BasicSPY program logs all APDU requests to a file stored on the smartcard. After using the BasicCard programmed with BasicSPY in a reader, you can retrieve the log file and observe the commands send by the reader to the card.

Patrick’s terminal program to manage the internal file (I translated the menu to English):

A new type of BasicCard was announced in January: the Dual Interface BasicCard. This smartcard also has a contactless ISO14443/A interface. In other words, this smartcard has a HF RFID interface!

This smartcard is handy to make another lowcost RFID detector: I install BasicSPY on my Dual Interface BasicCard and hold it against an (unknown) RFID reader. When the reader supports ISO14443/A , it will send APDUs to the BasicCard which will log them in the internal file. Later retrieval of the internal file reveals the APDUs send to the smartcard:

Earlier this week I gave a presentation on an Emerging Technology panel at Card Tech Secure Tech (CTST) in New Orleans. Much of the content was taken from the Virginia Security Summit presentation given a week prior, but I elaborated on using smart cards for strong authentication. A couple of the slides got into using digital certificates to prove someone’s “real” identity to a relying party using OpenID extensions and digital certificate path discovery & validation.

Where do we go from here? I would like to see some of the identity verification concepts that I touched on in the presentation be tested in a pilot. There are also opportunities here to evolve the OpenID specs and extensions, such as PAPE. TrustBearer would like to continue this discussion and explore some pilot ideas. Contact me if you are interested.