The Health Protection Agency is investigating a number of cases of E. coli O157 in travellers returning from Benidorm in Spain…. From BBC News. Full story

This site may contain information about: india travel. The blog is also related to: holiday travel.

Michael Graves, unul dintre cei mai cunoscuţi arhitecţi ai perioadei contemporane, unul dintre “New York Five” din 1970, se inspiră din Arhitectura Antichităţii în elaborarea proiectelor. Utilizând proporţiile specifice acestui stil arhitectural, el îi atribuie confortul, eficienţa, utilitarismul specifice perioadei contemporane.

După ce a primit licenţa în Arhitectură în 1958, Michael Graves a intrat la Universitatea Harvard unde şi-a efectuat Masterul în Arhitectură. După absolvire a fost angajat de arhitectul şi designerul George Nelson, fiindu-i încurajată înclinaţia către designul de mobilier. Cu toate acestea, perioada în care a lucrat în cadrul biroului lui George Nelson a fost scurtă, în 1960 fiind câştigătorul bursei ”Prix de Rome” acordată de frăţia Academiei Americane la Roma.
Datorită acordării acestei burse, Michael Graves a petrecut doi ani studiind pictura, desenând monumentele arhitecturale din Roma în cadrul lor natural, învăţând de asemenea despre teoreticienii, criticii clasici. Deoarece pe parcursul anilor de studiu care au precedat plecarea în Roma, Graves nu a mai avut ocazia de a citi astfel de documente, acestea i-au influientat foarte mult atât cariera arhitecturală cât cea academică impunându-i o serie de repere teoretice în elaborarea proiectelor.
În anul 1962, Michael Graves a acceptat un post de Profesor Universitar la Universitatea Princeton. Cursurile pe care le predă referitoare la teoria arhitecturii sau compoziţie abordează teme precum relaţia dintre clădire şi mediul natural, elementele tradiţionale în arhitectură, metafora în arhitectură, contrastul dintre spaţiile deschise şi crearea de încăperi, originile mobilierului. A predat în mai multe Universităţi din SUA ca invitat special, a jurizat o serie de concursuri, sau a ţinut prelegeri în întreaga lume.
Desenul joacă un rol semnificativ în abordarea unui subiect arhitectural în viziunea lui Michael Graves, atât pentru elaborarea unui proiect cât pentru cunoaşterea unei creaţii arhitecturale deja existente. Expoziţia sa de la Max Protetch Gallery în New York a ridicat interesul publicului larg faţă de desenul de arhitectură ca artă. După cum mărturiseşte însuşi Michael Graves, desenul a fost cel care l-a propulsat către o carieră în arhitectură. Din copilărie, îşi petrecea timpul liber desenând, iar mama sa, alarmată de faptul că ar putea alege o carieră de pictor, l-a îndrumat către arhitectură sau către ingi-nerie. Aflând ce presupune meseria de inginer, Michael Graves a hotărât să devină arhitect fără să mai aştepte explicaţiile mamei sale referitoare la această meserie. A urmat cursurile unor şcoli de specialitate care au încurajat talentul tânărului la desen, oferindu-i teme de lucru incitante, care să îi provoace imaginaţia şi îndemânarea în vederea realizării unor lucrări spectaculoase.
În anul 1970 Michael Graves a devenit unul dintre “Cei Cinci ai New Yorkului”, alături de arhitecţii Peter Eisenman, Charles Gwathmey, John Hejduk, Richard Meier, conform publicaţiei “Five Architects”, rezultat al întrunirii CASE ( Conferinţa Arhitecţilor pentru Studiul Mediului ) din 1969.

De atunci stilul arhitectural al lui Michael Graves a evoluat el însuşi dramatic, atât în ceea ce priveşte utilizarea cromaticii, cât a elementelor tradiţionale incorporate în clădirile moderniste proiectate de el. Cu vizibile înclinaţii simboliste în procesul de înfrumuseţare prin culoare a clădirilor sale, Michael Graves utilizează culori reprezentative; astfel, nuanţa apropiată de cea a pământului specifică terracotei se găseşte către baza clădirilor, în timp ce albastrul, o metaforă pentru cer, este utilizat uneori pentru colorarea tavanului. Pentru Michael Graves, un perete realizat integral din sticlă în faţadă clădirii reprezintă un element vulgar; el consideră fereastra ca fiind un element distinct pe perete, care să încadreze imaginea pe care o poate vedea un individ privind către exteriorul clădirii. Vorbind de construcţia sa din Louisville, Graves propovăduieşte trei tipuri de referinţe figurative. Mai întâi, “o clădire poate avea o bază ce o leagă de Pământ şi îi dă o anumită stabilitate. Are apoi un corp ca şi noi, un centru, şi în general un acoperiş sau cap. Atribuirea de astfel de funcţiuni compoziţiei unei clădiri poate sugera o copiere a propriei noastre condiţii corporale.”. Suma ideilor care altcătuiesc filosofia constructivă a arhitectului Michael Graves se regăseşte într-o serie de publicaţii având un caracter monografic, cum ar fi “Michael Graves, Clădiri şi Proiecte, 1966  1981”, semnate de arhitect.

Pentru lucrările sale, Michael Graves şi asociaţii săi au primit numeroase premii menite să ateste anvergura, frumuseţea, influenţa acestora în arhitectura modernă.

Locuinta individuala – Clos Pegase
Locaţie : Calistoga, Napa Valley, California
Arhitect asociat : Hildegard Richardson

Proiect câştigat în 1984 în urma unui concurs sponsorizat de Muzeul de Artă Modernă din San Francisco, Clos Pegase cuprinde o vinotecă, un spaţiu de locuit, un spaţiu de expoziţie pentru colecţia de obiecte de artă a proprietarului.

Biblioteca San Juan Capistrano
Locaţie : San Juan Capistrano, California
Şef Studio : James Pricco

Proiect câştigat la un concurs de design în 1980-81, Biblioteca respectă cerinţele impuse de termenii concursului, anume de a urmări linia spaniolă a stilului oraşului; astfel, clădirea este organizată în jurul unei grădini centrale având trei aripi dintre care două dedicate copiilor, adulţilor, iar una dedicată auditoriumului.

de Bulău Laura – Teodora

Posted by Audiegrl

Resistant strain discovered in Cardiff hospital, prompting concern among health officials

guardian.co.uk/Owen Bowcott—Doctors in Wales have discovered a Tamiflu-resistant strain of swine flu that has been spreading from patient to patient in a Cardiff hospital.

The emergence of an easily transmissible, resistant strain is a worrying development for health officials and appears to be the first documented case in Europe.

Five patients at University Hospital Wales, in Cardiff, were infected and isolated for treatment. All had severe underlying conditions that left them with weakened immune systems. At least three had acquired the infection in hospital.

There have been a handful of reported cases from around the world of Tamiflu-resistant strains of the H1N1 virus. Only one previous case, at a US summer camp, however, involved person-to-person transmission.

The Cardiff patients have been treated with an alternative anti-viral drug. Two have recovered and been discharged and three others remain in hospital, one in intensive care.

Dr Roland Salmon, the director of the communicable disease surveillance center in Wales, said: “The emergence of [H1N1] viruses that are resistant to Tamiflu is not unexpected in patients with serious underlying conditions and suppressed immune systems, who still test positive for the virus despite treatment.“

“In this case, the resistant strain of swine flu does not appear to be any more severe than the swine flu virus that has been circulating since April.“

“For the vast majority of people, Tamiflu has proved effective in reducing the severity of illness. Vaccination remains the most effective tool we have in preventing swine flu so I urge people identified as being at risk to look out for their invitation to be vaccinated by their GP surgery.“

Any spread of a Tamiflu-resistant strain of the virus into the community would constitute a serious public health concern. The government recently reminded those who caught swine flu to take Tamiflu as a first line of medical defense.

More @

Mai tineti minte prima mea postare: LUPTA INTERIOARA ?:::

Stiu ca din tot ce am scris acolo poate reiesi ca sunt o frustrata….Dumnezeule NUU!!:))…chiar nu… Era una din perioadele in care eu chiar simteam ceva….simteam furie…iubire…gelozie…simteam de toate si nimic…Atatea sentimente care se bateau cap in cap…atatea ganduri negre….Nu mai exista…le-a alungat un strain. Acelasi strain le aduna inapoi doar pe cele bune , mi le aranjeaza si le tranteste in adancul sufletului , le bate cu un sarut , le lasa acolo intru eternitate

Dar tu strainul meu…

In adancul sufletului tau…

ce e?

Iubire?

Poate impacare?

Or disperare?…

ce e?

Sau poate mi se pare…

Ca te-ai schimbat,

Ceva oare te apasa?

Ca m-ai strigat?

Or’ ganduri nu te lasa?

Nu te-am auzit eu oare;

Sa vin din cruda departare

Sa vin…sa nu mai plec

Sa vin… sa ma induplec

Hai!…hai zi-mi straine

Ce e?

Hai…ca vreau sa fie bine

Ce e?

Imi zici ca maine pe buze

Am sa-ti citesc iubire

Iar tu pe ale mele buze

Citive-ai disperare?

Hai sa fie bine…

Hai cu mine…

Al meu suflet  nevoie de tine are..

Dor de tine…sete de tine…oare?…

Stainule…sa ma vezi …sa ma atingi …tu poti?….cine esti tu?…

Adaptation…

Environmentally induced – if, short term; it is non-genetic!
Stable adaptations are always based on genetic changes… and have evolutionary bases…

Theories by:

1. Precht (1958) – defines RESISTANCE ADAPTAIONs as adaptations which give rise to plastic resistance. Some adaptations not only prevent injury but also permit growth – these are called CAPACITY ADAPTATIONS by Precht.
2. Prosser (1964) – defines physiological adaptation as any property of an organism which favors survival in a specific environment, particularly a stressful one…

Physiological Adaptations

These non-genetic adaptations are helpful to a particular organism/individual in its lifetime…
On the other hand, genetic or evolutionary adaptations help the species face competition, survive and reproduce…
An adaptation is considered to be genetic or stable if it has an evolutionary base.
A stable adaptation usually develops in the course evolution, and is carried on from generation to generation.
Non-genetic adaptations may not be stable and are physiological in nature…

Convergence and Divergence

Under similar environmental conditions, different species (i.e. unrelated species or taxa) exhibit similar features. This is called convergent evolution.

Example: fish (poikilothermic) and whale (homeothermic) belong to different taxa. But, despite these differences, these exhibit common morphological features – these are adaptations required for aquatic living.

On the other hand, individuals belonging to a particular taxon, as in reptiles or mammal, may adapt to different environmental conditions. Depending upon the demands of their environment, they develop different adaptive features in the course of their evolutionary history. This is known as DIVERGENT EVOLUTION.

Rules on CONVERGENT and DIVERGENT evolution…

1. Allen’s Rule – Tails, bills, ears etc. of animals a relatively shorter for a species in cooler regions.
2. Bergmann’s Rule – Races of species having a larger body size are generally found in the cooler parts of the range while those having a smaller body size are found in warmer parts. This is applicable to both cold and warm-blooded animals.
3. Gloger’s Rule – In homoeothermic species, black pigments increase in warm and humid habitats and red and yellow brown pigments in arid climates. These pigments are greatly reduced in cold climates.

Another example of the Gloger’s Rule…

Large body size and smaller appendages… cold climates; preventing heat loss!
But, (not necessarily) a relatively lower surface area will not imply cold adaptation in Homeotherms… it is also dependant on adaptive strategy, insulation of the body surface…capacity for higher rates of heat production… and, ability to tolerate cold temperatures at the tissue level(s).

Responses to change in the environmental complex

1. Masking – this refers to a modification of one factor by the another…
2. Directive – it refers to the environmental factor bringing about a definite type of orientation in the animal.
3. Deficient – any deficiency of an environmental factor in a particular habitat may affect the activity or metabolism of the animal.
4. Lethal – an environmental factor may cause death, as for
5. Controlling – certain factors may influence the rate of occurrence of some physiological process without entering into the reaction.

Threshold of an environmental factor

Is the minimum quantity of that factor required for the functioning of an organism…
For example, it may be the lowest temperature at which the organism remains active…
As such, an environmental factor has a certain range within which the species remains active and performs all functions optimally…

Tolerance ranges of species are normally determined genetically… as per their evolutionary pathways!

Steno = narrow range of tolerance
Eury = wide range of tolerance

i.e. stenohaline, and, euryhaline… stenoecious, and, euryecious

Where,
Haline = salinity (i.e. tolerance to salinity); Ecious = context of habitat/niche

Law of Minimum

In the natural environment, an organism is simulatenously subject to the influence of many environmental factors… such as temperature, RH, pressure, O2, PH of the medium etc… Some factors exert more influence than the others…

Justus Von Liebig (1840) developed the concept of the LAW OF THE MINIMUM by evaluating the relative role of these factors.

LAW OF THE MINIMUM = organism requires a minimum quantity of a particular nutrient for proper growth!

Your tasks…

1. Write down the summary of what you have learnt in this lecture…
2. Refer and write a small synopsis on the applicability of the ‘law of minimum’ in ecological processes…
3. Look at www.ens2112.wordpress.com for information regarding your course work…

A recap of previous lecture and its continuation…

A body/entity remains in a state of STRAIN if subjected to stress. 

A body/organism is considered sensitive to a stress if a little stress is required to produce a unit strain. Magnitude of STRESS can be measured as the ‘FORCE/Unit Area’.
Magnitude of STRAIN = measured as the CHANGE in DIMENSIONS… (i.e. changes in the length, volume of the body)
Each body has certain LIMITS of CONTINUING in a state of strain.

Elastic and Plastic Strain

A completely REVERSIBLE strain is said to be an ELASTIC STRAIN.
If a strain is PARTIALLY reversible, then the IRREVERSIBLE part is called PLASTIC STRAIN or PERMANENT SET.

Elastic Strain

The ELASTIC STRAIN produced by a body is proportional to the stress applied on it, where,
Elastic Strain –directly proportional –> STRESS
The modulus of elasticity (M) of the body is defined as:
M = (Stress)/(Strain)
A higher M implies more elasticity!

Biological Stress and Strain

(In biological sciences) the concept of stress always involves the possibility of the occurrence of an injury, implying that the strain is IRREVERSIBLE.
All living organisms possess a barrier (cell membrane, cell wall, epidermis etc.) between the living matter and the stress, and usually their energy is expended in COUNTERRING this stress.
Biological Stress may be defined as any environmental factor capable of introducing an INJURIOUS STRAIN in organisms.

Biological Strain

… is not necessarily a change in the dimension of an organism.
Organisms exhibit physical strain through hybernation/aestivation or through shifts in metabolism.
Aestivation? Earth worms aestivate during summer by forming distinct coils or by remaining very TORPID.
When (biological) strain is SEVERE = organism may suffer a PERMANENT SET (INJURY), where the ultimate Permanent Set is DEATH (PLASTIC STRAIN)…
Resistance of an organism to stress may be compared to ELASTIC STRAIN…

Elastic and Plastic (biological) strains

ELASTIC RESISTANCE is a measure of the organism’s ability to reduce or prevent plastic strain (irreversible or injurious).
For biological stress or strain, TIME is a very important criterion… since death or injury is generally dependant on the duration of exposure to stress.
In ORGANISM’s plastic strain increases with the increase in the intensity of stress. The organism may repair the strain (injury) by expending METABOLIC INJURY… if strain is so severe or irreversible that the organism dies.

Stress resistance depends on the…

1. Physiological State of the organism
2. Healing or repair mechanism which reverses the strain
3. Capability of the organism to adapt to the environment

Adaptation and the Concept of the limiting factor…

What are adaptive strategies? Why do we need them?

Environment acts as a selective force – and those with the right adaptive strategies survive… prosper!
E.g. Hydrophytes, xerophytes

Adaptations to environmental temperature…

Case study of Regulators = Homeostasis… “homeotherms”! AND,
Conformers = Poikilotherms

Adaptation…

Stable adaptations are always based on genetic changes… and have evolutionary bases…

Theories by:

1. Precht (1958)
2. Prosser (1964)

Your task…

• Comment how various environmental stresses can determine the distribution of a particular species using a suitable example…

A paper has recently appeared in PLoS Currents describing the evolution of the pandemic H1N1 virus. It was written by Martha Nelson, David Spiro and David Wentworth. Samples were collected in New York and Wisconsin and sequenced at the J. Craig Venter Institute.  The dataset included these sequences as well as the pandemic H1N1 sequences which have been deposited in GenBank. Sequences from GISAID were not included, presumably due to their restrictive policies on data analysis.

Influenza viruses mutate frequently. Despite some erroneous press reports, this applies to pandemic H1N1 just as much, if not more, than seasonal flu. In the PLoS paper, statistical techniques were applied to the sequence dataset described above to separate out the various pandemic flu isolates into 7 distinct groups called clades. The sequences contained within each clade are more closely related to each other than to the other clades. However, they are not necessarily identical. The paper describes the relationships between the different clades and outlines their geographical distribution.

One of the most striking results from this paper was that although six of the seven clades were found in multiple regions throughout the world, in the two areas that were extensively sampled, New York and Wisconsin, there was a clear founder effect. In other words, most of the people in each area were infected with the descendants of specific strains of virus. Most people in Wisconsin were infected with a different variant of the virus than most people in New York were infected with.

Although the authors of the PLoS Currents paper did not demonstrate any obviously functionally important changes in pandemic H1N1, they did clearly show that the virus is mutating and diversifying as it spreads. Further, they found that regionally distinct clades are evolving in different geographical areas. Since the sort of intensive sampling and sequencing conducted for this paper is rarely done, we can only guess at how the virus is evolving in thousands of regions around the world.

Although the WHO and the CDC frequently suggest that the pandemic H1N1 virus is an homogeneous entity, the reality is quite different. The virus is opening many different doors, simultaneously. We don’t know what the odds are that one of these doors will lead to higher virulence or Tamiflu resistance. But what we do know is that it will keep opening door after door, in city after city, month after month in a never ending search for optimal fitness.

Reference
Nelson et al. (2009) The early diversification of influenza A/H1N1pdm. PLoS Currents.

Nations are built not with bricks and stones but with the capacity to create and apply knowledge. The result of knowledge creation and application in manufacturing and management practices is well demonstrated by Japan. Today we are witness to many industrialized economies that are strengthening their manufacturing activities simply by adopting these techniques.

The distinguishing characteristics associated with Japanese manufacturing techniques include an emphasis on designing and redesigning processes to optimize efficiency and a strong commitment to quality.

The manufacturing techniques that Japanese companies practice provide a competitive advantage and outstanding economic performance. The key for success is an understanding of the broad context of manufacturing culture, infrastructure and environment. These sound manufacturing and business techniques created and adopted by leading Japanese manufacturers have turned out to be the secret of their market leadership in many industries.

Following are a few of these concepts, which can help in managing any business set-up in a better way:

• Kaizen is one such technique, which in Japanese means ‘improve.’ This is commonly recognized as practices focusing on continuous improvement in manufacturing activities, business activities in general, and even life in general, depending on interpretation and usage. By improving standardized activities and processes, Kaizen helps in eliminating waste.
• Another management Japanese technique is the 5-S. It is a technique used to establish and maintain quality environment in an organization. It has five elements: Seiri (sorting out useful and frequently used materials and tools from unwanted and rarely used things); Seiton (keeping things in the right place systematically so that searching or movement time is minimized); Seiso (keeping everything around you clean and in a neat manner); Seiketsu (standardizing the above principles in everyday life) and Shitsuke (inculcating good habits and practicing them continuously). The 5-S practice helps everyone in the organization to live a better life.
• Kanban and ‘Just in Time’ are two other practices in inventory management practices that were pioneered by the Japanese automobile manufacturers, such as Toyota. Quality improvement, on the other hand, is the result of lower proportion of component scrap since the components spend less time in the supply chain.
• Poka-yoke is a process improvement focused on training of workers for mastering the increasingly complicated tasks to selectively redesign the tasks so they could be more easily and reliably mastered. It involves designing a foolproof process to eliminate the chance of errors.
• Jidoka is a practice by means of which an individual worker runs several machines simultaneously. Japan thus designs such machines that eliminate both error and the need for constant supervision.
• Muda is another technique that reduces wasteful activity in service processes. It ensures process efficiency and effectiveness.
• Mura curiously combines rigidity and flexibility and thus teaches service process improvement.
• Reducing Muri means reducing physical strain. In services process improvement, Muri applies to convoluted and unnecessary routings, physical transfer, and distances paper files may have to travel for a process to complete.
• Genchi Gembutsu means going to the actual scene (genchi) and confirming the actual scene (gembutsu). Observation of service processes at the point where it is actually delivered may unearth a host of problems such as lack of training, unnecessary steps, or a number of other areas that would benefit from small but significant process improvement ideas.

This is a glimpse of manufacturing techniques that Japan has so intellectually created and so profoundly practiced in its manufacturing systems that even with no natural resources, it has acquired the status of one of the most industrialized nations. Can we learn from Japan?

My Consultancy–Asif J. Mir - Management Consultant–transforms organizations where people have the freedom to be creative, a place that brings out the best in everybody–an open, fair place where people have a sense that what they do matters. For details please visit www.asifjmir.com, Lectures, Line of Sight.

In my last post, I wrote of my mini-sabbatical from church and the importance of taking a sabbatical as part of a minister’s spiritual journey.  Sabbaticals are important because they give ministers the space and time to tend to their own personal issues, many of which originate from family, spiritual, marital, and mental strain.  Without the type of release a sabbatical offers, a minister’s work can get the best of him.

Two days before my article printed, Major N. M. Hasan, a military psychiatrist, murdered thirteen individuals at Ft. Hood.  There are several theories why Hasan killed others, but what is most peculiar to me is that Hasan was a psychiatrist.  He belongs to a profession committed to heal people not hurt them.

Hasan’s situation was unique; it is rare that a healthcare provider murders another in cold blood.  It is not uncommon, however, that many healthcare providers face overwhelming job stress and pressure that leads to unhappy endings.  In 2008 the American Medical Association reported that suicide rates among doctors were higher than the national average.  That’s roughly 400 doctors a year.

The reason that healthcare providers commit suicide is because they neglect dealing with distress, depression, and mental illness for the sake of their career.    Ours is a society that expects doctors to be stable and healthy; any sign to the contrary compromises the doctor’s reputation.  Instead of dealing with their issues, healthcare providers suppress their suffering.  Eventually, the stress becomes too much to bear.

As healthcare providers of a different type, ministers also face extreme stress and depression.  Ministers are spiritual pillars of a community, and, like doctors, they find it hard to reach out for help when help is most needed.  Greg Warner, writing for the “Biblical Recorder,” noted that a quarter of all pastors struggle with depression at any given time, many of whom fail to seek treatment with a licensed counselor.

In several other studies on depression among clergy, ministers have cited various reasons for experiencing distress.  Some reasons include job loss, pressure to grow a church, trying to meet unrealistic expectations, and failing to make deep relational connections with trusted support systems.

If ministers do not attend to their spiritual, mental or emotional health over time, their issues can build up and lead to symptoms that we have seen in the public sphere: Pastors get caught committing adultery, engaging in pornography, disengaging from a church, or preaching macabre sermons that lack hope.  Any one of these can be a sign that a minister is not taking steps in dealing with his inner demons.

Talking candidly about ministerial depression or mental illness remains taboo, but churches must take steps to help their clergy face the realities of stress.  Some churches do so by building into the minister’s salary a stipend for professional development or therapy.  In turn, ministers are more open about struggles in which prayer is needed regarding areas of family, finances, marriage, sin, or grief.

Another way churches can help is by encouraging staff regularly.  Writing cards, sending emails of encouragement, providing constructive feedback on sermons, and praying for a pastor can make a world of difference.  Pastors are better prepared to serve churches when they feel their congregations treat them as normal human beings.

In a tech-savvy and therapeutic-centered society, many resources are now available to ministers and doctors who need help with distress.  Retreat houses, therapists, spiritual directors, and pastoral counselors stand ready to help our ministers, but ministers need for us to let them know that seeking help is okay.  Ministers are a part of the Body of Christ and need edification and intervention just   like the rest of us.

Trigenics® is a revolutionary neurological treatment system that instantly relieves pain and restores function, using interactive applied functional neurology to reset the way the brain communicates with the body. It has revolutionized the way patients with musculoskeletal disorders and pain syndromes are treated worldwide.

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One small hospital outside of Washington DC began planning last April for flu patients influx… From VOA. Full story

This site may contain information about: virus. The blog is also related to: virus.

DNA strains in different designs and colors. Useful as clipart for arcticles concerning dna, medicine or medical themes.

iced coffee

I know I previously claimed that I don’t drink iced coffee in cold weather. I was pretty adamant about it, in fact. But I’m a liar. I do drink it in fall and wintry weather, and the older I get, the more I prefer my coffee strong and cold (like RP once said, is just the way she likes her mens). I’m getting off topic.

Lately, I’ve been trying to knock off my Caribou habit because it’s really just ridiculous how much dinero I spend there. One of the ways I’m trying to do this is to brew my own iced coffee at home. If I have the time, I make coffee-ice cubes… but usually I don’t have the patience to brew two pots of coffee. ‘CAUSE I’M LAZY, PEOPLE… THAT’S WHY. So I was surfin’ the Internets for some other ideas, and I came across Matt Yglesias’s suggestion, via the Internet Food Association (via Serious Eats):

What you need to do is fill a pitcher with a mixture of water and coffee (if you’re grinding your own, aim for a coarse grind) in a ratio of about 1 cup of coffee to about 4.5 cups of water. Stir it up to mix, and stick it in the fridge for, ideally, a 12 hour overnight brew. In the morning, strain the mixture. If your strainer isn’t fine-meshed enough (mine isn’t) you can supplement it with a paper coffee filter. Now you’ve got a delicious pitcher of coffee concentrate. Pour some over an ice cube and enjoy! Most authorities I’ve consulted actually suggest that you dilute the concentrate with some water or milk. I don’t, personally, find that to be necessary since the cold-brewing process leaves you with a coffee that’s all singing flavors and no acid and bitterness, but who am I to contradict the authorities if that’s how you prefer to drink it.

Yum. Sounds like it’ll hit the spot. I shall try it on Sunday… without milk. Milk is for losers and for people that can tolerate their lactose.

(Photo source: [ embr ])

The World Health Organization’s flu chief said the swine flu virus has now become the predominant flu strain worldwide.In some countries, swine flu accounts for up to 70 percent of the flu viruses being sampled, said Dr. Keiji Fukuda, WHO’s top flu official.

While most people recover from the illness without needing medical treatment, officials are also continuing to see severe cases in people under 65 — people who are not usually at risk during regular flu seasons.

“We remain quite concerned about the patterns that we’re seeing,” Fukuda said during a press briefing Thursday.

He said the swine flu virus appeared to be fairly stable, and that samples from around the world remained very similar to when the virus was first identified in April.

Drivers from the mass transit system receive H1N1 vaccine injections at a hospital in Hefei, Anhui province, China November 6, 2009

Regarding the recent surge of cases in the Ukraine — which has reported more than 250,000 cases and 70 deaths of people with flu-like illness in recent weeks — Fukuda said the virus appeared no different there than anywhere else.

“We just simply have to understand that influenza can cause outbreaks in very large numbers of people,” he said. “Patterns can be quite different from country to country.”

Fukuda said the agency was also monitoring the impact of the virus on particularly susceptible populations.

On Wednesday, Venezuelan officials reported that swine flu had hit the Yanomami Indians, killing seven people in a population of 28,000.

Fukuda said WHO had observed that aboriginals in Australia were disproportionately hit by swine flu, but could not say whether they were more genetically vulnerable to the virus or if that was due to underlying health problems.

With swine flu vaccination programs now under way in more than 20 countries, Fukuda said no rare or dangerous side effects had been reported, and the agency was convinced the vaccine was “highly safe.”

Fukuda said WHO had been surprised that the vaccine appeared to work after just one dose, but was happy about it because that mean the world’s vaccine supplies could be stretched.

Even in children under 10, Fukuda said WHO recommended that one dose could be effective. Some countries, including the U.S., are recommending that children get two doses of the swine flu shot.

“It is better to provide one dose to as many children as possible rather than two doses to fewer children,” Fukuda said.

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At PFI_Forum, there have been numerous reports from members that report having been ill with swine flu, twice. However, without testing, it is not possible to be sure that both infections were from the new H1N1 virus. Today, a physician in West Virginia details her own two laboratory-confirmed infections with pandemic flu.

From the Charleston Daily Mail, November 5, 2009 (hat-tip Joseph_Roehl_kiwiamerican and Clawdia):

A Cross Lanes pediatrician says she came down with swine flu twice in two months, and she’s among the medical professionals who are puzzled by the occurrence.

Dr. Debra Parsons, a pediatrician at Kid Care West in Cross Lanes, said both she and her son came down with identical flu-like symptoms in August.

Figuring they had the same disease, Parsons swabbed herself and sent the specimen off to a lab. She tested positive for Influenza A, which includes several strains of the flu.

Health officials say that in this region more than 99 percent of people who have been testing positive for Influenza A are later confirmed to have swine flu.

Parsons said that was the case with her family; a more specific follow-up “sub-typing” test at the state lab confirmed she had H1N1.

Parsons and her son recovered from the symptoms but in October they struck again and were much worse, she said. Both had body aches, fever, chills, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

This time Parsons swabbed both herself and her son, and both tests came back positive for Influenza A. She said she pushed for further testing to determine the strain, and the lab ran an immunofluorescence test on the specimens. They again tested positive for H1N1, she said.

Parsons’ second swab was sent to the state lab Wednesday for even further testing and results should be returned in a couple of days or sent to the Centers for Disease Control for follow-up tests, she said.

When the initial test came back positive again, Parsons said she also contacted the CDC to see if it’s possible for someone to contact the swine flu twice.

She said officials at the CDC told her Saturday that it is possible.

But in public statements issued in late October the CDC said people who have had H1N1 don’t need to get the vaccine because they can’t contract the virus again.

So which is it? Does exposure to the virus protect against future infections or not? One would think that such exposure would be at least as good as a vaccine. This is just one report. But if there were large numbers of people who are becoming infected twice with the new H1N1, it would suggest that there is more than one strain of the virus circulating. And if that is the case, then vaccine may not protect against the new version of the virus. Surely the CDC would tell us if this was happening. That is what Dr. Rahul Gupta, director of the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department believes.

Gupta said nothing right now would lead him to believe the virus has mutated.

“There is absolutely no evidence to assert that,” he said. “In fact, (Center for Disease Control director) Dr. Tom Frieden has issued a press release…and he states that the virus is genetically stable. I believe him.”

Given Dr. Frieden’s history of burying bad news, Dr. Gupta might want to reconsider his blind faith in Dr. Frieden’s pronouncements.

malachi at PFI_Forum posted a snippet of an email she received from someone who claims to have information about changes in the pandemic virus:

I talked with **** this morning and he had a conference call with the CDC yesterday…….
They think that the virus is starting to mutate and therefore making the vaccine useless…..

Although I regard this as a rumor, it would be worth asking Dr. Frieden if such a conference call did occur and whether there is any evidence whatsoever suggesting either that exposure to the virus itself or the vaccine is proving ineffective against some strains of the new H1N1.

Just a suggestion.

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