Georgian mass media report again about facts of attacks on Georgian villages in Galsk district of Abkhazia. According to GHN, this time Russian invaders looted local residents of villages, Saberio, Chuburhindzhe and Dihazurga taking herds of cows belong to them. “Furthermore, a winter products were also taken away from residents, loaded onto URAL army truck and driven off to occupation checkpoint”, told in the report.

Similar cases are well known in Georgia, as Georgian Media is repeatedly reporting such cases. According to their data, in October Russian invaders broke into school of Tagilon village, Galsk district of Abkhazia, found Georgian books and had beaten teachers.

Sometime later, the invaders on APCs attacked a bus with Georgians on, and took all the crops of peanuts and other products away from civilians. Just recently a TV channel “Rustavi 2″ came out with news that state Russian invaders broke into a school, in village of Nabakevi, located in Galsk district of Abkhazia, where they took few of transports and computerized machinery, books with Georgian writing were also seized off the teachers.

Other than that, according to the same information source, in villages of Sida and Nabakevi, 5 of Georgians families have also been victims of Russian looting and robbery. Russian troops had broke into house in middle of night and started searching form gold jewelry, on the way the also broke into back of the gardens and picked all the products, that families had collected for the winter. Loaded onto truck and driven off in unknown direction. The looting did not end up without casualties, as a result all members of families were tighten to chairs.

The families of the four Georgian minor, kidnaped by the Pro-Russian regime of “South-Ossetia” and the Russian occupiers for alleged crossing of so-called borders of “South Ossetia”, complain they are blackmailed.  Reportedly, they receive phone calls from the Russian backed Ossetian terrorsits, who urge them to swap their children on the criminals arrested by Georgian law enforcers.
Thomas Hammarberg, the EU Commissioner for Human Rights plans to arrive in Tskhinvali tomorrow to meet with the minor hostages and join the negotiations.
Aleko Sabadze, Viktor Buchukuri, Levan Khmiadashvili and Giorgi Romelashvili were arrested on November 4 by Russian occupants and taken to Tskhinvali. The Pro-Kremlin regime  have charged the teenagers with illegal crossing of border and carrying explosives.

September 29, 2009:  The 10:00 marshrutka from Borjomi to Tbilisi left almost empty, and I snagged my preferred seat behind the driver. On the way he bought three crates of tomatoes from a roadside stall, leaving the empty crates that had been stashed in the back of the van. It took three tries before he found a price he liked.

The taxi touts at the Tbilisi bus station were totally baffled by the hotel card I showed for the Villa Mtiebi, and even the guy who finally agreed to drive me didn’t get too close because of construction – I walked the last block. My room turned out to have dim lights and feeble towels and no sink stopper (always travel with a universal sink stopper!) but the bed was comfortable.

I spent my last day in Georgia eating, drinking, and failing to figure out how to efficiently upload photos to smugmug using my n800. Lunch consisted of tough chicken in a nicely spicy sauce. No doubt a free range chicken, it had joints I didn’t recognize – and Caucasian chickens don’t have those over-developed breasts you get on American birds. Then I settled in at a coffee shop, Encore, on Rustaveli that offered not only good coffee and pastries, but seats by the windows that provided great indoor people-watching.

I had a little trouble with dinner: Sans Souci had closed, the old town branch of Shemoikhede Genatsvale was full, and I wound up back on the main tourist street, eating mushroom risotto and chicken livers at Nineteen. But the food and wine were good.


• Climate Change, Hunger, Drought: Conflict? North Kenya Pastoralists on edge [Guardian] 
• Yemen crisis: Largest destination for illegal weopons in Middle East [Yemen Post]
• Ongoing Strife in Philippines: Muslim Separatists update [New York Times]
• ICC/DRC: Second Trial of Congolese Warlords [Human Rights Watch]
• No living witnesses left for John Demjanjuk- last Nazi trial [Haaretz.com]
• Trade in Conflict Diamonds Escalates [Liberian Observer]
• Possible EU Satellite monitoring of Georgian situation [EurasiaNet]
• Armenian-Azeri leaders hold talks [Al Jazeera]
• A Tiger for a neighbour: Persecuted Tibetans flock to India [Times of India]
• Khmer Rouge trial comes to an end [New York Times]

Russian occupiers are forcing the local Georgian population to participate in constructing of military bases in Georgia`s breakaway region of Abkhazia.

On Sunday morning, the Russian aggressors took locals by Ural truck from Gali district to the territories, where the construction is underway. Furthermore, the occupants advise the locals living in the vicinity of the military bases to move to some other places to live, because as they assert, the territories should be declared a closed zone.

Along with this, the occupants have dug trenches and bunkers right in the towns of Sokhumi, Ochamchire and Tkvarcheli. They have installed anti-aircraft missiles there and name prevention of possible provocations as a reason for all their actions.

It occurs to me that I should add dates to the posts from this trip, since they are all after the fact! This one covers 25-27 Sep. I made it home Sunday 15 Nov, so I should be posting a bit more often now.

The Kartli (www.hotel-kartli.com) in Tbilisi gave me a different room this time, a somewhat smaller twin with a working TV. I had to switch beds during the night, as the mattress springs on the first dug into me, but the second was comfy enough. The Kartli could not give me a room for my last night in Georgia, though, and I revisited the old town to take a look at the Villa Mtiebi (www.hotelmtiebi.ge/welcome.htm), which I thought might be a worthwhile splurge. Between the attractively renovated old house, and the charming, light-filled atrium, it was an easy sell.

But first I revisited my ophthalmologist Marina for a discussion of my blood test. She checked my retina again – still fine – and gave me a prescription for a blood thinner. (After exchanging emails with my home doctor, I decided not to fill it.)

Although Kazbegi was still forbidden (and forbiddingly cold, according to reports), I did manage to travel the Georgian Military Highway as far as Ananuri. I loved the trip – Ananuri now sits above a lovely lake, Zhinvali, which reflects the surrounding mountains. While the lake is actually a man-made reservoir, it totally seems to belong (unlike  Lake Powell, incongruously turquoise in a land of dry red rock.) Good carving decorated the outside of the churches, and inside, for once, I bought and lit a candle before one of the icons. So, good churches and good views, but nowhere to get coffee!

Back in Tbilisi, I visited the Botanical Gardens, short on labels but long on peace – at least until I caught up with a boisterous school group. Following them up a final steep slope, I came out beside the iconic aluminum statue of Mother Georgia (Kartlis Deda), sword in one hand and wine-cup in the other. I didn’t spend too long enjoying the excellent views, as a brisk wind threatened to blow me over.

On the opposite hill on the other side of the river, I visited the huge new Holy Trinity Cathedral, a show place for traditional Georgian craftsmanship and religion. Outside, I admired the stone carving: inside I found traditionally painted icons in traditional silver frames. A service was in progress, and among the scattering of worshippers I noticed one young man on his knees – but talking into his cell phone! A little bevy of junior clerics, in blue, were also having a quiet chat.

After I finished reserving my room at Villa Mtiebi, I ventured further into the renovated section of the old town, and ate on touristy Rue Chardin, at the Telavi Winery restaurant. Mushroom soup and tuna salad were accompanied by a very drinkable Tsinandali white wine, aged in oak, that displayed good balance and character. Unfortunately, the tuna salad didn’t go down quite as well.

That evening I asked my hotel for a recommendation for a local restaurant with reasonable prices, and found myself eating in a basement among a lot of happy groups of guys. The food was fine – way too much khachapuri, and a sizzling dish of meat with interesting seasoning. (I don’t remember the name, but it’s on Dadiani, just down from Teremok, a Lonely Planet listing whose blinis didn’t live up to my expectations – I have to go back to Ukraine!)

Only one walk along the Rustaveli Avenue is enough to notice that preparation for New Year 2010 has already begun.

 As a representative of Tbilisi City Hall promised, 31 of December, the last night of year 2009, will be full of surprises for Citizens of Tbilisi.

Lots of concerts are scheduled from 25th of December up to 7th of January by the Tbilisi City Hall. City Hall decided to keep in secret names of participants and other details of celebration, in order to impress citizens with surprises.   

The only one thing, which is already known, is that the last days of this year will be the great pleasure for people who love skating. Two skating arenas will be organized in different districts of Tbilisi.

The Budget for the preparation process consists of 450,000 GEL, which is almost the same as it was in the previous year.

 “450,000 GEL includes fees of the people engaged in the process, anchors, bands, absolutely everything,” says Nino Suladze, Specialist of Social Assistance and City Culture at Tbilisi City Hall.

Square of Liberty, Park of Rose Revolution in Gldani, Meidani Square and New Park of Mtatsminda will be places where citizens have to look for surprises.

Tbilisi, Georgia – Public Broadcaster is again the subject for the protest. Though the demands of the protesters are not changing, the protest is not as big as Tbilisi used to witness in front of Public broadcaster in the previous years.  

Approximately 30 people gathered at 12.30 in front of the TV Station. Opposition movement “Future Georgia” and Non-governmental organization “Organization for Protecting Human Rights” protested the subjectivity of Public Broadcaster.  

Public Broadcaster exists in Georgia since 2004. Since then, two General Directors were changed. Gia Chanturia is the third one, elected several months before.  

Giorgi Lagidze – The Head of the Opposition movement “Future Georgia” says it is the warning protest and expects other opposition parties to support him in the future.   

“If Public Broadcaster will not start covering all issues they should cover, we’ll start big protests and demand that Gia Chanturia’s resigns, or maybe even file a suit in the court,” says Giorgi Lagidze.   

 Abkhazian IDPs (Internally Displaced People) also supported the protest. They blamed Public Broadcaster in ignoring their problems.  

 “Our protests have never been covered by the Public Broadcaster, as if our problems were not interesting for the people. So we plan to fight for our rights and freedom of speech,” says Lali Tordua, IDP from Abkhazia.  

There was no reaction from Public Broadcaster. As Gia Lagidze, the Press Secretary of “Future Georgia” says that mean that they will start series of Protests from the next week.    According to Gia Lagidze, series of new protests should begin next week, with new protesters coming from the regions.

Georgia agreed with the ambassadors of EU Political and Security Committee about the special visa regime with EU countries. This was declared by the Foreign Minister of Georgia, Grigol Vashadze after the meeting of EU 27 ambassadors in Radisson SAS Iveria Hotel, on November 13.

“I don’t like speaking about things before it is officially signed as a document but I can explain the double responsibilities the simplified visa regime will bring to both sides. For EU this is to give Georgian citizens possibility to travel along the EU countries more easily and in our turn we should brush up our legislation in that way to be suitable for the standards of simplified visa regime”, stated Vashadze at the press conference.

Another important issue about which the minister spoke with EU ambassadors was the support of the union towards Georgia. The Sewdish Presidency of the EU political and security committee Olof Skoog stated after the meeting that EU tries its best to change situation in future and spread its monitoring along the whole country. They say that they try to change the position of Russia towards this issue but it is vain yet. “We continue in Brusels to discuss the issue about preceding our mission and mandate problems”, said the head of the delegation Olof Skoog.

Vashadze also added that in spite of the fact the mission’s monitoring borders are limited, the mission is successful in Georgia. He added that at present EU mission is actively involved in the process of returning back four teenagers kidneped by the separatists from village Tirdznisi. Vashadze also added that, according to separatists , the health condition of four teenagers is not under danger.

Closed door meeting lasted 45 minutes. Before this EU ambassadors held meetings with the Prime Minister Nika Gilauri at first, then with the State Minister of Reintegration Issues Temur Iakobashvili. Before meeting with the Foreign Minister, the delegation had lanch with Mikheil Saakashvili at the President Palace. After the meeting with Vashadze, EU ambassadors held their last meeting of the day with non-parliament opposition leaders.

Sopo Datishvili

Shorena Kopaleishvili

Zura Balanchivadze

Tbilisi, giovedì 20 agosto

Tbilisi, il cui nome viene dal georgiano tbili, “caldo” per la forte presenza nell’antichità di sorgenti sulfuree, è costruita tra due colline principali sul fiume Mtkvari. Con i suoi due milioni di abitanti rappresenta la capitale di un paese di quasi cinque milioni di persone grande come Piemonte, Lombardia e Veneto messi insieme.

La città possiede sicuramente un fascino tutto suo, anche se ai tempi della mia prima visita in Georgia (2003) cadeva letteralmente a pezzi. Dava l’impressione di essere stata bombardata in un tempo non lontano, anche se non era così. Si dice che sia stata distrutta 29 volte nei suoi circa 1500 anni di vita ma quello che si vedeva era solo l’effetto della profonda crisi economica e della trascuratezza.

Un peccato vedere le tipiche case con i balconcini colorati così in rovina.

Un’altra caratteristica delle case del centro sono i cosiddetti cortili “italiani”, con i servizi in comune.

Le strade della città, piene di buche, erano però solcate da decine di “BMW”, il mezzo di denominazione di origine dei nuovi ricchi vicini al potere, con il paese immerso nella povertà, disoccupazione, mercato nero, mafie.

In pieno centro l’hotel “Iveria”, in altre epoche tra i più importanti della città, aveva cambiato funzione. Solo i primi decrepiti piani erano a disposizione di qualche malcapitato cliente, mentre nel resto dell’albergo già da anni vivevano numerose famiglie di profughi della regione separatista dell’Abkhazia, proprio sotto gli occhi di tutti.

Ora invece non riesco quasi a riconoscerlo. L’ormai ex “Iveria” è stato rilevato dalla catena svedese “SAS Radisson” che l’ha ricostruito in vetro scintillante. Sarà aperto proprio durante la nostra permanenza a Tbilisi.

È stata rifatta anche una strana costruzione dove prima c’era una catapecchia.

L’intero centro è stato ridipinto e luci colorate ingentiliscono quasi tutte le facciate.

Una strada le cui costruzioni prima erano semidistrutte è diventata ora una delle più alla moda, pieno di bar in stile occidentale e scintillanti negozietti.

Il presidente Saakashvili ha incaricato la costruzione di un nuovo e sfavillante palazzo presidenziale, chiamato “Reichstag” per la sua cupola in vetro che ricorda quella del parlamento di Berlino.

Poi ci sono sempre i palazzi tipo “Lego” che incuriosiscono il passante. Chissà com’è viverci.

O monumenti decorati in stile Batman.

La vita che conta si sviluppa intorno alla lunghissima Rustavelis Gamziri (prospettiva Rustaveli), dove nel 1991 si affrontarono le due fazioni armate coinvolte nella guerra civile. Anche le sue facciate sono state rimesse a nuovo. Ad uno dei suoi estremi, come purtroppo capita in qualsiasi angolo del globo si scorge anche il locale “McDonald’s” che qui presenta la sua insegna scritta con l’alfabeto georgiano.

All’altro estremo la Tavisuplebis Moedani (piazza della Libertà), una delle principali della città, che ospitava l’ordinaria statua di Lenin, cui era anche dedicata. Presenta ora una colonna altissima con in cima un San Giorgio dorato che infilza il suo inseparabile drago.

Qui sorgono il municipio della capitale ed anche gli alberghi più importanti, come il “Marriott”. In un angolo, ora che tutti sono muniti di cellulare, si trova ancora un’improbabile cabina telefonica che sembra atterrata da un altro secolo (o solo dal 2003). A mano c’è scritto che si usano (anche qui!) monete da 10 tetri. Molto increduli alziamo la cornetta e con somma sorpresa ci rendiamo conto che funziona!

Nel frattempo, nel 2004, è stata anche inaugurata la Sameba (chiesa della Santa Trinità), una nuova, immensa cattedrale dalla cupola dorata.

Ora si può personalizzare la propria targa e in giro si vedono delle strane combinazioni.

Anche alcuni blocchi di appartamenti sono stati ridipinti e così colorati hanno un aspetto meno tetro.

Anche se poi basta uscire dal centro per rivedere il grigiore già conosciuto.

Gldani, il quartiere del nostro amico Giorgi dove avevo dormito anche nel 2003, non è cambiato molto. I palazzoni qui non sono stati dipinti.

È desolantemente vuota anche la panchina degli tsmebi, i perdigiorno che dalla mattina alla sera stazionavano proprio all’entrata del palazzo di Giorgi [si veda la storia sul viaggio del 2003]. Qualcuno dice che sono addirittura morti, potrebbe anche essere vero viste le loro condizioni. Ma forse non ci sono perché è estate e anche loro sono in vacanza.

It’s been a while… but here goes.

The Georgian opposition seems in a terrible state of disarray right now and that’s because most of it really is.

But that should not obscure the fundamental weakness of Saakashvili’s position. Not to some sort of coup: but if real, normal democratic politics ever took hold.

The Georgian economy is in a terrible state – hugely dependent on capital inflows from foreign governments to plug both the balance of payments gaps and the public spending black hole.

Electing an opposition politician as mayor of Tbilisi isn’t going to fix that, but it will create a platform from which to challenge the utterly broken economic polices of Saakashvili and his attempts to recreate a banking and property boom.

Georgia needs to be a value-added economy – not the last bolt hole for tax avoiders.

Opposition politicians who think all this can be put on hold while they try to mobilise some sort of “revolution” need their heads examined. Street politics are over – not least because the Georgian people need protecting from the excesses of their government and plainly marching about Rustaveli Avenue isn’t going to help them.

Of course, Saakashvili’s determination to rig the electoral system in favour of the utter buffoon that is Gigi Ugulava does not help make the case for taking part in elections.

Students of 50 public schools in Tbilisi are taking part in literary competition arragned by the youth organization Davitianni, under patronage of Georgian Patriarchate. The competition was held in Sameba Cathedral on November, 11.

The participants of the competition are the students from VIII to  XII classes. The 7 themes for literary competition Tergi 2009  was chosen by the Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II. The most popular topics appeared to be: Patriotism, Role of Freedom and The Value of Human Life. “Our life is invaluable, we should appreciate it,” said Ani Gabriadze, one of the participants.

During the competition students were not limited in the  types of writing. Students were chosen in the first part of the competition locally at there schools. The main criterion was their creativity: each student had to present at least 5 of his works. Nominations for the winners are not established yet but, as the organizers say, the works of winner/s of the first 3 places will be published as a book. The manager of Davitianni School Programs, Tamta Chikovani, says: “The main surprise is that winners will meet the Patriarch and get the bless of his holiness.”

The winners of Tergi 2009 will be known on November, 26. The organizers say that in future the competition will cover the whole country.

Sopo Datishvili

Shorena Kopaleishvili

Zura Balanchivadze

NGO Former Political Prisoners for Human rights are going to start protest rally on November 23 if the points of the resolution accepted on November 7, 2009 aren’t taken into the consideration by the government. It was declared on the press conference on November 9.

The resolution, consists of three main issues: Freedom to the political prisoners, Freedom of speech (to restore the right of ownership on the seized TV channels), Free and just environment for any kind of elections.

The representatives have some plans for the rally preparations.The member of the Movement November 7, Jaba Jishkariani said that the society should unite for expressing their firm position towards the injustice in the country. “I convoke all the students to join the protest. Our organization is going to hold meetings with the different university students and in that way we will spread our flanks to the young people”, Jishkariani stated.

The head of the NGO Political Prisoners for Human Rights, Nana Kakabadze stated “Today we are going to take the copies of resolution to the legislative branch and to the president’s office and on Wednesday we will hand the resolution to the EU mission in Georgia, also to the US embassy”.

The lawyer Davit Liluashvili who was also presented at the press conference stated that freedom of speech, political prisoners and unjust court are those problems around which the society should on November 23. He also added that November 7, 2009 street protest was just demonstration of the public demands towards the government, so it didn’t matter how many people stood at the street meeting. Liluashvili and also other representatives of the NGO think that the major massage of the people was already uttered on that demonstration.

Maia Eloshvili, the wife and lawyer of a political prisoner Vakhtang Talakhadze, detained in 2006 as a member of the political association Georgian Movement, says that her husband was sentenced without any reason. “We don’t even ask for the amnesty because my husband wasn’t guilty consequently there is nothing to be pardoned”, Eloshvili added.

Still it isn’t known which political parties will join the initiative of the NGO about November 23 rally.  Nana Kakabadze stated that to her surprise there wasn’t vivid position of the opposition leaders about the idea of the demonstration. “The initiative of the street demonstration comes from us. On Saturday demonstration there were mostly the common citizens then oppositional faces, because we protect their demands and our aim isn’t political positions.  Those who think that our demands towards the government is fair, can join us”, added Kakabadze.

The leader of the People’s Part Koba Davitashvili is among those who is going to attend protest rally on November 23. “Our party will stand with them if the paragraphs from the resolution aren’t taken into consideration by the government. We were with the NGOs on Saturday and we will be there in future as well”, stated Davitashvili on telephone interview.

Sopo Datishvili

Shorena Kopaleishvili

Zura Balanchivadze

OMG, I don’t know what to think about while thinking only about my final story …But I hope that Turkish Shawarma in Tbilisi is a good idea. Despite that I love eating shawarma, I try to be suspicious. In Georgia we very often face with hygiene untidiness, food made God knows where, how and by whom, products sold in dirty and untidy places. Unfortunately, shawarma is one of them.

While writing about this delicious food, firstly I’d ask a comment about Georgian Food … the institution which regulates safety and quality of food in Georgia. I’d ask what do they know about shawarma centers. It’s also interesting to know how they control cleanness  in that places. It would be better to know the approximate number of shawarma centers.

Then I’d go to a doctor who would explain what kind of illnesses and toxins a human might gain from bad shawarma. I’d also apply to several hospitals’ statistics to find out the number of patients with same symptoms.

After that I’d go and ask people near shawarma centers to know whether they eat shawarma and how often they do it. I’d also ask if they are sure in their food’s safety.

Finally I’d ask a comment to shawarma sellers. I’d like them to show the whole process of shawarma’s making. From roasting a meat to wrapping it in bread. I’d also find their opinion about bad quality shawarmas and know their opinion where they are being sold.

And after finishing a story, I’m sure I’ll have known at least one place where the real shawarma is made and I’d eat a big one!

Tornike Kilanava, the representative of the Abkhaz legitimate government talks about current criminal situation in Gali district of Georgia`s breakaway region of Abkhazia.

A representative of the pro-Kremlin marionette regime, members of the so-called “Abkhazian parliament” has brutally beat a civilian in Gali. He shot four bullets to Geno Gerzmava and did not allow eyewitnesses to help the injured man. The man was taken to hospital later, his health condition is very hard. The Georgian citizen was punished because he took his child from Russian to Georgia school.

Along with this, the Russian occupiers and Abkhaz marionettes are delivering arms to the youth and forcing them to take part in the occupational military exercises. The Putinist occupiers, being under the influence of drugs often shoot from firearms to intimidate the local population. They have ousted the Basilaia family from Gali district for resisting them.

Georgian group of women chess players got the second place in European Individual Chess Championship 2009 which was held in Novi Sad, Serbia.  

Georgian players succeeded in championship with 16 points, _ official site of Georgian Chess Federation reports. Georgian group succeeded in 9 tours and got 7 points, they also had 2 draw-games. Georgia could not manage to outrun Russian group in individual points score. Players got silver medals. According to chess players Georgian group faced with Russian and took over them. In spite of this, while counting total points, it turned out that Georgia comes after Russia.

Mayor of Tbilisi Gigi Ugulava met Georgian chess player women and rewarded them with 1500 GEL. The president of Georgian Chess Federation also attended the meeting.

Tbilisi has a renewed Philharmonic Concert Hall. It was being repaired nearly for a year. On October 20 The Three Tenors charity concert was held by Paata Burchuladze’s fund Iavnana.

While searching a booking-office in a renewed building, I found that it has not changed at all: I was looking for at list a bit more light there. But… the same old wooden walls, casher, even windows were the same. So, the variants of leaving an old booking-office are:

1. It was such a relic that couldn’t have been even touched
2. Repair works organizers forgot existence of booking-office
3. They saved money and used for repairing something else, that is more visible from Melikishvili Ave.
4. Nobody had thought of booking-office… because it isn’t round-shaped and has no glass walls

Besides this, the whole construction of Philharmonic hasn’t been finished yet. On the picture above it is can bee seen that the right and left sides from the entrance not finished yet. As I found out from the workers soon there will be Café. As for the hall itself, the balcony is as narrow as before. Moreover, the same old and dusty wooden desks cover the internal side of it.

According to this information I would investigate the reconstruction of Philharmonic. I’d interview the chief of the process. I’d like also to show the map of reconstruction. I’d interview the workers and ask about quality of materials. I’d call in the Tbilisi City Hall to find out which company sponsored the reconstruction and what sum was spent for it.

It would be a feature story with the chief constructor as the main figure. I suppose that good focus would be to walk through the building and ask for some details that seem to be not repaired.

¡Qué grandes los rusos! exclamaba un amigo al enviarme el artículo [soviet sf style] sobre Frederic Chaubin donde sale este proyecto para el Ministerio de Carreteras de Georgia en Tbilisi. El de abajo es el Campus de Ciencias de Almaty en Kazakhstan, de OMA. Todo ello cuando hablábamos de esas influencias rusas.

gracias JMML