(source: Technicité)

protection d’un S.I. est devenu une presqu’habitude en Europe. (…) Généralement, que le « contre-plaignant » (REM Polydorus: la société cliente) ait ou non gain de cause, la virulence de sa réaction a pour conséquence une dégradation de son image de marque qui perdure dans le temps. (…) Mais que la « victime » (REM Polydorus: le prestataire IT) tienne la bride haute à sa meute d’avocats et elle peut transformer une déroute cuisante en victoire, grâce à une communication orientée:   amélioration des sécurités périmétriques ou mise aux normes … bref, transformer la sécurité en un centre de profit”

(source www.cnis-mag.com)

FREE, NO NEED TO DL.

Unfortunately I myself couldn’t make it to Dub’s on Defrost, so I sent Chris in hopes of him getting some good coverage. I can say proudly that he came through with great shots. He even managed to pull aside a few great looking cars for some mini shoots. Chris was feeling Pat’s R from the moment he saw it, and Pat volunteered for pics. Pat’s R is a 2004 deep blue pearl, sitting on tracer tech 2s 18×8.5 on 205/40 18×10 on 215/40.Centers are alpine white, inner barrels, lug nuts and wheel bolts are neon pink. We love pink here at all things proper (as if you couldn’t tell) and we love this wheel color scheme!

Full Mod List:

Exterior:
Eem hid
Eem ocean tails
Cupra r front lip
Badge-less grill
Shaved side markers
Shaved rear hatch
Shaved front bumper line
Shaved bumper markers
Filled hood and bumper
Oem euro rline rear bumper
Leather false floor
Euro r stubby mirrors, heated with blue glass

Interior:
w8 console
Euro switch
Weicher X cage color matched dbp
Double din flush screen
Polished seat adjustment caps
Monster floor mats

Performance:
Giac chip
Evoms cold air intake
Short throw shifter

Wheels/suspension:
Bagyard air ride
Tracer tech 2s 18×8.5 on 205/40 18×10 on 215/40
Centers are alpine white, inner barrels, lug nuts and wheel bolts are neon pink

Photos By: Chris Conte
Edited By: Phil Fusco

Shout out to the fellas at Proformance Industries who did Pat’s wheels!

Proformance Industries
55 Plain Avenue
New Rochelle, NY 10801
914.654.1010

Got few weeks back Kindle Wireless Reading Device, Wi-Fi, Graphite, 6″ Display with New E Ink Pearl Technology. Order was placed in November 10 and reached end of January 11 with Priority Shipping.(US to Romania)

Pros
Kindle format books look amazing and are easy to read. Contrast is highly reduced.

Cons:
Experimental sub-menu in the setting folder gives me a feeling of unfinished work.
It chicks one out from a mail box page with chat enabled.
I always have to come back to homepage when I interrupt my reading (especially while traveling) otherwise there is a chance that the pages flip on motion.

(WORK IN PROGRESS)

http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/2011/horoscoped/

Source: David McCandless, currently writing for the Guardian, and a former “UK Doom Champion”.

Source: Alex Osterwalder, Ph.D, advisor on business model innovation.

www.dyndns.com

According to The Oklahomian, KD claimed he was simply letting his teammate know that he should dunk on Bosh the next time, and he has no idea why he chimed in.  After all, he wasn’t even talking to him.

What ever you say, Kev.

KD says, “I’m no punk.  I wasn’t even talking to him, first-off. He decided to butt in. I’m not just going to let that slide, especially in our house. He’s not one of those guys that I look at and say he has a rep for talking back to guys or always getting into it. He’s a nice guy. He’s not one of those guys. So I’m not going to let that type of person say something to me like that.”

If saying that wasn’t enough, he adds, “I’m a quiet guy, a laid back guy. But I’m not going to let nobody talk trash to me. He’s on a good team now so he thinks he can talk a little bit. But it’s a lot of fake tough guys in this league and he’s one of them.”

First off, kudos to Kevin for blatantly calling Bosh out like that.  It takes gonads and opportunity to pull it off convincingly and he had both.

I like KD.  I’m a fan of his game and he’s clearly THE best scorer in the league today- probably one of the best of all time. I like that look on him and prefer him to wear that.  I’m not saying KD is a punk but he doesn’t exactly double as the team’s security…Harden’s beard, alone, makes him top 2 toughest guys on the team.

I guess my biggest question is, since KD said he doesn’t let guys that “I look at and say he has a rep for talking back to guys or always getting into it” talk to him like that, does he mean that players that are known for that (like KG) CAN talk to him like that?

I mean…KD is the kind of player you just want to give a big hug or call him for help if you need help reaching a cat out of a tree.  Maybe hit him with one of these…

Just a cool guy.  I salute him sticking up for his teammates and I like where his heart is but…I just don’t buy it.

…

P.S. So you’re just going to let him talk to you like that, Chris??? Not in the locker room, not on the court but to the WORLD?!  You’re going to let him call you out in front of your mama, fiance, kids, friends, fam…THE WORLD?!?!

Let me get this straight, you’re just going to let Kevin Durant talk crazy to you like that and then talk ABOUT you like you’re nothing??  He pretty much said, ‘You weren’t tough when you were on the Raptors, shut up’.

He played you Chris.  You’re the third member of The Heatles, have some dignity and self respect for yourself and your team.

Both the Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2 and the flashes will provide focus assist. You might want to find out how many focus points each supports. While the Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2 and 550EX Flash support 45 focus point bodies, the 580EX supports all Canon EOS body focus points. The ST-E2 focus assist effective distance ranges from 30′ in the center to 16.5′ in the periphery. EF lenses 28mm and up are supported, AI Servo mode is not supported.
 
The 550EX and 580EX master flashes can enable FEB (Flash Exposure Bracketing) and allow manual flash output to be controlled by the master – Two capabilities not found in the Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2. The Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2 and the master flashes all support highspeed flash.
 
There are advantages to using the Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2. The first is the size and weight. The Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2 weighs only 3.5 oz without the non-included-in-the-box 2CR5 6v battery. The ST-E2 is very small compared to master flashes and mounts on an EOS body’s hot shoe (or on a Canon Off Cammera Shoe Cord OC-E3 for extra creativity). It is really nice to have significantly less weight in your hand for a long shoot.
 
The Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2′s flash master effective range is 39-49′ indoors and 26-32′ outdoors. Used indoors, direct line of sight is often not required as the light bounces from walls and other objects to reach the flash units.
 
I mentioned that the Canon Speedlite Transmitter ST-E2 does not include the 2CR5 6v battery in the box – Take note of this fact when you place your order. The battery lasts about 1,500 transmissions at room temperature. Unless you count your shots, you should probably keep a spare on hand because the battery will surely fail when you need it most.

Resources

Voce deve externalizar resources como imagens e strings do código da sua aplicação, para poder mante-los independentemente. Externalizar também prove resources alternativos para suportar configurações especificas como a linguagem do device, tamanho da tela, orientação e etc.., o que é muito importante, já que o Android vem sendo distribuido em diversas configurações. Para garantir compatibilidade é necessario organizar os resources do projeto na pasta res, usando varias sub-pastas que junte os resources por tipo e configuração.

Para qualquer tipo de resource, voce pode especificar um default ou varias alternativas para sua aplicação:

• Default resources são aqueles para serem usados sem configurações especificas ou então quando nenhuma alternativa é encontrado para a configuração atual do device.
• Alternativas são feitas para configurações especificas. Para especificar um grupo para certa configuração, adicione um qualificador apropriado para a alternativa no nome do diretorio.

Por exemplo, enquanto o default UI layout é salvo em res/layout, voce pode especificar um UI layout para ser usado na orientação landscape salvando ele com o mesmo nome mas em uma pasta chamada res/layout-land. O Android automaticamente verifica seus resources e ajusta de acordo com as configurações fornecidas pelo aparelho.

Estrutura da aplicação

As pastas criadas automaticamente no nosso projeto que serão usadas pela aplicação são:

• src: É onde fica o código fonte da nossa aplicação.

• res: Pasta de resources da aplicação, aqui ficarão arquivos de layout, imagens, XML de configuração, XML com strings internacionalizaveis, raw files, sons, etc..

As pastas criados por default para resources são:

1. res/drawable-<screen cfg>: é onde deve se colocar as imagens, a divisão entre hdpi (High dpi), mdpi (Medium dpi), ldpi (Low dpi)  é para guardar as imagens em resoluções diferentes.
2. res/layout: é onde fica os arquivos XMLs que representam o layout das nossas Activities.
3. res/values: XMLs que guardam Strings que podem ser usadas na aplicação.

Por default, um arquivo strings.xml é criado nessa pasta, os valores são guardados através de tags com a seguinte estrutura “<string name=”nomeString”>Valor String</string>”

Na pasta res é possivel adicionar mais subpastas para representar mais resources para aplicação ou alternativas para os resources, como por exemplo uma pasta ‘xml’ para guardar informações de configurações.

• gen: Generated source folder

Essa pasta também guarda código fontes, mas ela só fica com uma unica classe gerada automaticamente pelo plugin do eclipse chamada ‘R’ no mesmo pacote que informamos em “package name” quando criamos nosso projeto. Essa classe R contém ids para todos os itens que temos na pasta res, e é através desses ids que podemos usar todos os resources facilmente na nossa aplicação.

• assets: Arquivos raw – A diferença de colocar arquivos raw aqui do que em algo como res/raw é que resources são acessiveis por id atrabés da classe R, arquivos nessa pasta podem ser abertos por stream dentro da aplicação como um byte array.

Ainda é possivel adicionar mais pastas no nosso projeto, para criar aplicações nativas é criado uma pasta chamada jni que guarda os códigos nativos e AndroidMakeFiles que o Android NDK (Native Development Kit) usa para criar a shared lib para aplicação, como Android é uma distro unix, a shared lib é um arquivo com extenção ‘.so’, os arquivos gerados pelo NDK ainda vai para outra pasta chamada libs, essa pasta contém as shared libs que podem ser usadas na aplicação em Runtime, que pode ser carregada com um System.loadLibrary(“nomeLib”).

O Android tem uma arquitetura bem legal, em breve falarei mais sobre ela, até aqui aprendemos a estrutura basica da aplicação, no proximo artigo começaremos a criar uma tela, adicionar componentes e como criar layouts, so cya!

So today is my 3 month anniversary that i’ve been at my externship. Time really has flown by! I still feel like a babe in the learning process but I think that i’m making progress. Some of the things i’ve learned is to “think”. Sounds simple but sometimes as a student you can make a habit of memorizing information, but my techs really encourage me to think and to get to the root of the problem. “This person has pulmonary hypertension because….” I love that part of the process because it never gets old or repetitious to challenge your brian, and since every situation is different you are always learning new things.

Something else that I hear in the back of my head is what Dr. E said a long time ago, “you need to be able to feel with your eyes and see with your hand”. If you’ve ever had to scan you know what this means.

I have read that most people who are successful have goals that are clearly written down. I feel that this has been instrumental in me being where I am today. I don’t think that I have reached as many of my of goals until I wrote them down and focused on them in the last few years. “If you aim at nothing, you will hit it every time!” – Zig Ziglar

So make a commitment to yourself! Stick to something! You just may surprise yourself, and be the inspiration to someone else!

Have a wonderful day!

Minta tunjuk ajar dari yang lebih pakar.

The game of basketball is all but “soft”.  There are no feelings on the court.  No censorship.  No friends.  No “Kumbayah” and cookies.  That’s why it really grinds my gears that the NBA expects the players to not show any emotion on the floor.

If a player feels like the ref made a bad call, why is it a bad thing to let him know?  Now, I’m fully aware that some players need to find a more respectful way of interacting with the refs (cursing them out is probably a bad idea) but saying something is wrong?  I honestly don’t even see a problem with them throwing their hands up.

The players/coaches have to perform night in and night out with all eyes on them and then some refs can make terrible calls and then have the GALL to turn around and T them up for “mouthing off”?

I know Byron.  I know.

It’s an emotional sport.  If a player isn’t playing very well or losing to a team they should be beating and then you turn around and make a horrible call, why shouldn’t you expect to get chastised?  The refs are a part of the game and subject to the same scrutiny that everyone else on the floor is.  If you don’t want players to come at your neck, just know the game, make good calls and if you do miss a call, just admit it!

Kobe crossed the line with that “F*$k you” after his first T, but can you really blame him?  That call was BEYOND questionable because not only was Bogut not set (he was still moving), but he looked like he backed in to the restricted area.

I don’t want players to stop showing their emotions during the game.  It’s those same emotions that show aspiring ball players the passion that’s needed to be able to play at the highest level.  I’m not saying that all refs are terrible- I know that’s not the case.  Although some are in it for the wrong reasons….

…some are really good.

If Kobe shoots an airball, he deserves for the fans to taunt him. He deserves to be up all night shooting from the spot he missed.  If a ref makes a bad call, he deserves to be TOLD that his call was wrong. Put him up on SportsCenter and call him out too.  Why not?

Nak dijadikan lagi menarik cerita ni, aku bangun pagi tu punya la awal sebab excited sangat, pukul 6 dah bangun(something yg x penah buat mase cuti ni). Bangun pagi terus on netbook aku, sibuk buat research pasal processor mana nak pilah antara Intel nagn AMD. Last2 aku pilih Intel, kat kedai tu pon diorang kate Intel lagi stabil, anyway aku bukan kuat gaming or overclocking pun.

Setelah bangun pagi seawal tu, aku pon prepare la untuk kuar pkul 9 tu. Somewhere around pukul 10.15 camtu sampai la. Yang sedihnye, kedai tu tak bkak sampai pukul 10.40, so aku ngan bapak aku pun tunggu la depan kedai tu sampai bukak. Yang bestnya, kitorang customer first kot. Kedai bukak kitorang terus pergi department Desktop Component, pilih component ikut specs aku. Tetapi, segalan specs aku hancur bila orang kedai tu kata barang ni takde stok, tu takde stok. Leceh betol la diorang ni, sakit hati aku.

Asalnya plan nak pakai Intel Core i3-530, terpaksa tukar i3-540 pastu bila i3-540 pun takde, terpaksa la bapak aku belikan aku i3-550. Well, about processor tu aku happy je la, sbb 550 is better dari 530 or 540 just harga lah lari dari plan asal. Reason aku pilih i3 ialah sebab i3 ada Hyper Thread, which means dual core processor akan act sebagai quad core processor sebab satu core processor Intel i3 ni boleh handle 2 thread serentak. So kira macam beli dual core dapat quad core. Cache die pun besar 4MB kot. Walaupon i7 ade sampai 8MB, tp itu i7, harga pun lain.

Pastu motherboard pulak aku ambil Intel DH55HC, aku asalnya nak pilih antara Intel tuh dengan Asus P7H55-M, tp bila aku bandingkan, yang Intel tu ada lagi banyak PCI slot, so why not kan? Both ada onboard VGA chip, well tu just backup kalau tak ambil graphic card(and memang tak ambil pon), 4 slot DDR3 RAM maximum memory 16GB, 6 SATA port, 1 PCIEx16, and both support up to 12 USB 2.0 ports.

Sekarang aku nak cerita pasal Hard Disk pulak. Aku ambil Hard Disk Western Digital Caviar Green 7200 RPM, 32MB Cache, 500GB. Asalnya bapak aku nak ambil Velociraptor yang 10000RPM tu, tp terkejut tengok harga dia terus tak jadi, bagi aku 7200RPM tu dah cukup ok dah. Ok, enough with the fact, aku tau korang bukan faham pun ape yang aku describe pasal Hard Disk ni kan? Ok, kalau nk tengok hard disk, korang kena tengok benda2 yang aku mention kat atas tu, such RPM die, cache and yang paling penting sekali, capacity dia. RPM tu basically means revolutions per minute buat yang tak tau lagi, lagi tinggi nombor nyer lagi bagus sebab hard disk korang pusing lagi laju lagi senang dia nak jumpa data yang nak pakai, cache tu pulak tempat simpan data sementara, data simpan kat cache tu lagi cepat boleh retrieve dari data simpan kat dalam hard disk tu sendiri, so lagi besar lagi bagus la. Capacity tu korang faham sendiri lah, kalau susah sangat nak faham, korang pegi beli thumbdrive 32 GB pastu korang tanya orang kedai tu apa special thumbdrive tu.

About graphic card pulak, aku tak ambil sebab dah over bajet. Bapak aku tambah RAM dari yang aku listkan, aku list 2Gb, die nak 4GB. so up la sikit bajet tu. Terpaksa tolak graphic card, tapi bila sampai rumah aku fikir bagus gak tolak, at least aku boleh save duit beli yang gempak punya. Yang aku plan nak beli tu pon bukan hebat sangat.

Casing dengan Power Supply Unit(PSU) pulak kitorang beli package je. Ambil PowerLogic punya casing dengan PSU 450 watt. I think that’s enough lah. Anyway aku lupa nak bagitau aku beli kat mane barang ni semua, aku beli kat Thunder Match Sdn. Bhd.

All that cost us about RM 1588. Well, tu kira murah gila kot, aku tengok package kat kedai lain, yang dah siap just tinggal ambil jer, paling murah pun RM 1779. Aku admit la, aku beli tu takde DVD drive sebab kitorang da ade external drive and display pulak aku bapak aku ambil Samsung 18.5 inch, model ape ntah. Harga RM 1588 tu termasuk dengan OS sekali ok, Window 7 Home Premium retail package, bukan OEM package.

p/s : untuk post lepas ni, aku plan nak ajar korang build PC sendiri. Korang tak payah pasang pun, just kena tau pilih jer sebab kedai akan pasangkan free of charge. Lain lah kalau kedai tu kedekot taknak pasang. This is what we call, BRAGGING!!!

1. Use catchy post title. From my observation, my post titled I Admire Atheist has a lot more reader than any post I posted. Well, my reader mostly religious and I am religious, so such title would definitely make them eager to know, what I’m talking about.
2. My second experiment, I tell many of my friends about my new post on Facebook and guess what, more readers.

Well, I know you may say there no new ways on increase traffic. But those method I listed before, is enough I think.

35? What the heck? Only 35 readers after 2 weeks online? That figures is too small. So, what should I do? Anyone have any idea? If you do have any idea, do help me by posting it on the comment section please, Thank you for your help.

Sorry to say, you may get hurt by the title of this post, as it suggest to you on how to increase the reader of your blog. I know, I should put question marks there. But if I do that, it wouldn’t be interesting right. You would know about my intention on asking you not telling you, right?

So, now I will tell you some way to increase your number of reader:

1. Share your blogs with others, that is by exchanging your blog address with your friends.
2. Leave comment on other blog and put your link there. So that maybe there’s someone get interested in your blog from your comment.
3. Put link of others blog whom you like on your blog, this will increase their traffic and if they’re kind enough, they will do the same for you.
4. I’m sure everyone nowadays use social networking services like Facebook or twitter, share about your blogs there. If any, join any bloggers group there and share your link with them.

Well, that is some way to increase your number of reader. If you have any, feel free to share it with me on the comment section.

Web 1.0: le site internet est édité par une entreprise (en général) en tant que vitrine institutionnelle. Son contenu varie peu. Il est écrit en HTML (pages fixes ou pages générées à la volée par un automate logiciel de type Microsoft CGI, ASP, PHP présent sur le serveur web) et ne comporte pas, à l’intérieur même des pages, de séquences multimédia (sauf des images fixes). Les internautes n’interagissent pas ou peu avec le site web. Ils se contentent de lire le contenu des pages et de naviguer entre elles grâce à l’hypertexte (cf article “Difference between Internet and Web” pour définition).

Web 2.0: le site internet peut désormais être produit par un particulier grâce à un logiciel de gestion de contenu (p.ex. WordPress CMS; CMS = “content management system”) facile à utiliser et mis à disposition par le fournisseur. C’est le cas du site internet dit “web log” ou “blog” (apocope). Autre caractéristique: les internautes sont appelés à réagir au contenu produit par le producteur du blog. Cela crée de l’interactivité et encourage la production d’un contenu dit “collaboratif” (créé à plusieurs). Les entreprises exploitent, elles, cette interactivité pour vendre des produits en ligne (e-commerce) tout en laissant la parole à l’acheteur pour évaluer en direct lesdits produits. Naissance par ce biais du principe commercial modélisé dans “The Long Tail” (c’est le titre d’un article de Chris Anderson en 2004 dans la revue Wired): des entreprises vendent de très nombreux produits chacun en petite quantité. Le contenu multimedia (son, video, etc.) devient courant dans le site web 2.0 grâce au streaming. Une forme plus structurée du blog survient également: le réseau social (Facebook, etc.). L’ “effet de réseau” (mécanisme d’externalité positive économique qui prévoit que l’utilité d’un bien pour un agent dépend du nombre des autres utilisateurs) devient de plus en plus présent dans le domaine de l’information. C’est désormais l’information qui constitue la valeur ajoutée: un “potin” (buzz) génère une forte audience, les relations interpersonnelles au sein d’un réseau social draînent également des visiteurs. L’audience ainsi générée permet de vendre d’autres informations ou biens. Le data mining prend toute son importance pour le business, puisque les réseaux sociaux, voire la fréquentation de Google, impliquent la traçabilité des échanges qui rendent possible le profilage. Le côté très positif du web 2.0 est la naissance d’une médiation ou d’une collaboration qui permet à chacun (à condition de détenir la méthode de découverte et d’apprentissage spécifique au web) d’accéder au savoir, à la connaissance, pas à pas, à son rythme.

web 3.0 (work in progress): le data mining s’amplifie grâce à la traçabilité des déplacements de l’internaute. En déplacement, celui-ci utilise une “tablette” ou smartphone connectée en permanence au web. L’environnement physique (immeubles, meubles, personnes, etc.) devient “riche de sens”. L’utilisateur est alerté si l’un de ses amis de Facebook est à proximité. On lui présente (sur son Ipad p.ex.) les caractéristiques de l’appartement “libre” devant lequel il passe si l’appartement correspond aux critères de recherche préalablement déclarés. C’est le concept de “réalité augmentée”. Le data mining permet également aux entreprises ou aux gouvernements de mieux “prédire” des tendances (p.ex. survenance d’une épidémie de grippe, succès d’un film nouvellement sorti au box-office, résultat d’une élection, etc.). Les données de référence (cartographie des villes, autres données non personnelles, etc.) permettant d’alimenter les programmes de prédiction sont libres et partageables. Les terminaux des utilisateurs ne comportent désormais aucun logiciel (hors le système d’exploitation et un ensemble de petits programmes d’accès au “web 3.0″). Toutes les applications sont accessibles en ligne (à la maison comme lors des déplacements) -> “cloud computing”. C’est la fin (ou presque) du disque dur pour stocker ses données. On annonce en 2014 des imprimantes 3D à la maison pour 400 euros (ou des imprimentes 3D plus performantes mises à disposition dans des “copy services”): elles seront capables de fabriquer des pièces (en plastique pour l’instant) que l’on aura commandées sur un site d’ecommerce ou bien dont on aura téléchargé gratuitement le programme de fabrication open source -> “fab labs”. Les relations “machine to machine” entrent dans le quotidien de chacun: p.ex. robot de monitoring médical à la maison permettant la téléconsultation. Les films comme la musique sont livrés sur demande (grâce au débit de la fibre optique ou des réseaux mobiles LTE: long term évolution). L’organisation de nombreuses professions s’en trouve modifiée: médecins, commerçants, prestations intellectuelles, éditeurs de contenu, etc.

(source Wikipedia)

Un programme informatique (ou logiciel) est en général proposé au public sous la forme d’un programme “exécutable”, c’est-à-dire un programme dit “binaire” (avec des 0 et des 1 exclusivement) que peut exécuter un microprocesseur (celui de la carte-mère du PC p.ex). Or ce programme a été créé (“compilé”) à partir d’un autre programme écrit lui dans un langage de programmation (p.ex. Java, C, C++) compréhensible par l’homme (au moins par les informaticiens). Ce programme originaire s’appelle le “code source”. Il a beaucoup de valeur car sa connaissance permet de s’approprier les algorithmes du programme pour s’en inspirer (afin de construire un nouveau programme p.ex.) ou pour adapter le programme (lui ajouter de nouvelles fonctions, rectifier des erreurs, augmenter sa performance, etc.).

Dans le cas d’un logiciel “commercial”, l’éditeur (l’entreprise qui a développé le programme et détient le code-source) vend une licence d’usage du logiciel à l’acheteur. Cette licence s’accompagne d’un CD (ou d’un fichier) contenant le programme exécutable. En aucun cas, l’acheteur ne peut avoir accès au code source. Celui-ci constitue le patrimoine exclusif de l’éditeur. L’acheteur ne peut pas redistribuer (après copie) le programme “commercial” ni gratuitement, ni à titre payant.

Dans le cas d’un logiciel “open source”, l’éditeur ou le groupe de “développeurs” (les informaticiens qui ont écrit le code source) donne la possibilité à l’utilisateur du logiciel de disposer librement du code source (pour ajouter au programme de nouvelles fonctions, rectifier des erreurs, augmenter sa performance, etc.). L’utilisateur dispose également d’une licence d’usage à titre gratuit du logiciel “open source”. Il peut le redistribuer à sa guise mais gratuitement. Si l’utilisateur crée son propre programme à partir du logiciel “open-source”, il s’engage également à le distribuer gratuitement en y adjoignant le code-source modifié.

A noter: le développement d’un logiciel open source n’est pas gratuit. Si je veux développer un tel logiciel, il faut que j’y passe du temps ou que je paye un développeur. Le développement de logiciels open source constitue un segment du marché de l’ingénierie informatique. (Cf p. ex. la société Linagora, société de services en logiciels libres ou SSLL)

(source Wikipedia)

Le programme exécutable (cf. article “Open source” pour définition) est fourni gratuitement à l’utilisateur. Le code source n’est cependant pas livré à l’utilisateur. Il arrive que la gratuité ait un prix: l’éditeur donne son programme contre la fourniture de données personnelles: contact de l’utilisateur, infos sur l”utilisateur, etc.

Le programme gratuit peut contenir un sous-programme “espion” qui adresse régulièrement à l’éditeur, avec ou sans l’accord de l’utilisateur (c’est illégal dans ce dernier cas), des données personnelles au sujet de l’utilisateur (fréquentation de sites web comerciaux, produits achetés, etc.). L’objectif est la mémorisation du profil “commercial” de l’utilisateur à des fins de marketing (data mining for business).

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Internet est seulement un système technique: c’est un réseau de “noeuds” reliés entre eux. Les noeuds sont soit des serveurs, soit des terminaux (PC, smartphone, etc.), soit des routeurs (qui acheminent les paquets d’information au sein du réseau selon un algorithme de routage). Internet est une réseau support qui encapsule TOUTE forme d’information et la véhicule grâce à son propre protocole IP (“IP” = internet protocol). Chaque noeud est désigné par son adresse IP. P.ex. le serveur web “www.myfamily.com” correspond à l’adresse IP 203.116.33.45. Le terminal (PC, IPad, etc.) qui cherche à accéder au serveur “www.myfamily.com” doit d’abord obtenir l’adresse IP de ce serveur en questionnant un serveur DNS (Domain name server), en général celui de son fournisseur d’accès internet. Ensuite, le terminal ouvre une liaison conforme au protocole IP avec l’adresse IP du serveur web. Etant donné la pénurie d’adresses IP V4 (32 bits ou 4 octets), une migration vers des adresses IP V6 (128 bits ou 16 octets: p.ex. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334) est en cours. Pour les non informaticiens: un octet correspond à 8 bits. Un octet s’écrit soit en base 10 (de 0 à 255), soit en base 16, dite hexadécimale (de 00 à ff). “f” hexadécimal correspond à “15″ décimal.

Le web est une application (un ensemble logiciel) qui est supportée par le réseau internet. Ce n’est pas, loin de là, la seule application supportée par le réseau internet (il existe p.ex. l’application de messagerie dite SMTP). Le web est caractérisé par le protocole qui sert “au dessus” d’IP à véhiculer l’information entre un serveur et un terminal: HTTP. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Hypertext correspond à la capacité, en cliquant sur un mot (ou une image) d’une page, d’aboutir à une autre page qui s’affiche alors à l’écran. Le mot d’origine (sur lequel l’on clique) est dit “lié” à l’adresse de la page vers laquelle il renvoie. -> “lien” ou URL (uniform resource locator). Il y a principalement deux logiciels pour former l’application web: le logiciel du serveur (dit “serveur web”) et le logiciel du terminal (dit “navigateur ou client web”). L’utilisateur sélectionne l’adresse de la page qu’il veut afficher (p.ex. http://www.myfamily.com). Le serveur lui renvoie, au travers du réseau internet, le fichier correspondant à la page en question (p.ex. index.html). Ce fichier réside sur un disque dur (ou une baie de stockage) rattaché au serveur. Le fichier “index.html” reçu par le navigateur web s’affiche alors à l’écran après avoir été “interprété”. Le contenu du fichier “index.html” est “formaté” selon le langage HTML (hypertext markup langage; markup = balise). Le langage HTML ne suffit plus aujourd’hui pour incorporer à la page web du contenu multimédia avancé (clip video, musique, animation, etc.). Les développeurs ont donc souvent recours à un langage complémentaire (en fait il s’agit d’un environnement de développement): Adobe Flash. C’est par ce moyen très efficace qu’est présenté, p.ex., un clip Youtube au sein d’une page HTML. La future version (5) du langage HTML intégrera la capacité à gérer du contenu multimedia avancé.

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