I’m standing at the register, and a man comes up with a turtle-neck sweater and a pair of pants. We have a sale–for a thermal long-sleeve shirt and pants. Thermal is a type knit, cloth, material. The honeycomb design is made to hold in warmth. A thermal is a thermal, and it is definitely not a turtle-neck sweater. So I tell him, “The sale is for a thermal shirt.”

And he stands, glaring at me, and says, “The guy… he said this counts,” shaking the turtle-neck at me.
I ask, “Who?” Because I am the only guy on the sales floor. I see the customer’s face, a mix of irritation and revealed lie.
So he takes me to a table jabbing his finger at the sign, “It says right here!”
“Buy a pair of pants, get a thermal… You’re buying a turtle-neck sweater.” (Which also costs twice as much as the thermals, mind you.) I guess since his first lie didn’t work, he’d try to convince me that I’m blind and dumb.
“Fuck you people! I’m not buying anything!” He storms out in a huff.

His partner laughs nervously, because obviously, he still wants a thermal to go with he pants, and he can read signs. So the angry, swearing man has to wait outside while the other-half finishes shopping.

Customer Type: Big Baby, The Blind, The Liar

Digital HID (DHID) Lighting Test Results - High-bay / Low-bay Applications 

Sometimes it’s hard to let go of our favourite spring/summer jackets, even if there are completely unsuitable for winter. Layering thick jumpers underneath tight/lightweight jackets adds bulk and creates a deeply unflattering shape, and wearing flimsy layers underneath lightweight jackets means that you’re likely to freeze during the cold winter months…so what’s the solution?

It’s easy, wear thin warm layers! You can still wear a cool outfit underneath your jacket and look stylish once you’ve shedded your layers.

What type of layers should you wear?

Fleece

Ok so fleeces aren’t in vogue right now, but they do the job when it comes to keeping you warm and can actually (with a bit of clever styling) look pretty cool and urban. Uniqlo sell a fantastic range of fleeces which are also very reasonably priced. They provide a great way of adding colour to your outfit…try clashing a fuscia pink hooded fleece with a patterned/animal print scarf for an up-to-date look.

Wool

One of the warmest fabrics available, wool is guaranteed to keep you toasty this winter. Even if you’re going somewhere where you need to look glam, you can still get away with wearing wool – try throwing a cute woollen cardigan over a girly dress or a bright coloured knitted jumper over a pair of smart trousers. Even if the jumper/cardigan doesn’t match your outfit it doesn’t really matter – as soon as you reach your venue, you’ll be striping off your layers anyway! M&S do some great wool jumpers in a range of styles and colours.

Thermal

Thermal vests aren’t just for old people and explorers! You’ll find an abundance of surprisingly pretty thermal vests on the high street which could almost be worn on their own. Get into the habit of wearing a fine thermal vest underneath your jumper and you’ll be guaranteed to feel all cosy and warm

One of the more popular type of posts on this blog, I note by my stats, are those dealing with the practical use of printers.

So, let it be known that today I completed the manual and installation of a new printer at our primary Circulation workstation.

We’d been using a Star SP542 dot-matrix receipt printer, as at the time we needed to get one, we were hoping to eventually get permission to print money receipts for fines (instead of expensive 19th century receipt books).  State auditors insist on sequentially-numbered receipts (it’s a rule, period, no debate permitted, so no use telling me reasons not to do it).  Thermal printing doesn’t hold up over time, so we needed receipts that would last if we did them for fines, etc.

Frankly, we’ve found the dot matrix to have cleaning problems — lots of cut paper scraps get into the works, and you have to remove the ribbon, then remove a plate and vacuum it out weekly to keep it from jamming up.

Anyway, since the money receipt printing has fallen through (don’t ask), we don’t need long-term printing.  We switched to a Star TSP650 (aka 654 the cutter model) printer, which uses only thermal paper, no ribbon.

The manual is at http://libcat.uafortsmith.edu/screens/man_starTSP650printer.html and it covers the setup for use with Millennium Circulation.

Now, the printer driver either lets you do very short slips with no graphics, or — as we selected — 200mm long slips with a big logo at the top, that are actually easier for everyone to handle.  Also, if somebody sticks them in the book pocket, it makes them easy to fish out.

Using 8 point font for legibility means the last digit of the year is cut off on each line.  A smaller font becomes too hard to read.  The actual date is printed in full at the top just under the logo, anyway, so the year should be obvious.

Since it doesn’t completely cut (“partial cut” meaning one little bit in the middle is left, so one tug will free it), the paper doesn’t leave little scraps, which should avoid a lot of cleaning problems.  No ribbon.

The “receipt” selection (instead of 200mm length) just runs out paper forever, until you turn it off.  Since the 200mm works well for us, we’ll stick with that for the time being.

Town Center

Bagno Vignoni is the town where I return to be a single.  My husband enters the hot thermal pool in the morning and gets out at closing time.  After numerous visits to the whirlpool bath, the sauna, the hot thermal pool and the hotter thermal pool, he leaves with a wrinkled skin and a relaxed grin.  I cannot bear to stay that long, so I go around doing some photography.

It is not a surprise that of all the thermal places in Italy, he chooses Bagno Vignoni to relax.  Besides being a two-hour drive from Rome,  Bagno Vignoni is a mini medieval Tuscan town characterized by the surrounding calm.  The town basically consists of a small number of stone-buildings encircling an ancient thermal pool square.  At night, this ancient thermal pool orchestrates a vapour dance that transforms the town into a mystical stage.   If you take a walk at the back alleys of the town during the right season, you will notice fireflies flying in front of you.  These little tourist guides seem to be indicating you the way.  The early morning is another spectacle:  The fog becomes a veil from under which you witness the rising day.

Around the ancient pool

The town is a meta for who would like to escape from the city since it is a complete opposite.  No crowds, no shopping, no noise, it only offers you a relaxing thermal bath, body treatments, good food, a sound sleep and for fun some live performance in the only bar of the town: Il Barrino. 

Hotel POsta Marcucci Pool

The town center hosts only three hotels with a thermal pool:  You may find in the center of the town the family owned Hotel Posta Marcucci (http://www.bagnovignoni.it) where we always choose to go or you may choose the luxurious Hotel Adler Thermae (http://www.adler-thermae.com), although for my taste it has that corporate feeling of the chain hotels.  An alternative to these two hotels is the Hotel Le Terme (http://www.albergoleterme.it), which is another hotel in the center of the town that recently went through restructuring to add a well-managed spa and in comparison a quite small thermal pool to its facilities.

Dinner at Marcucci

We choose Hotel Posta Marcucci because of the magnificent pool, comfortable rooms and the classy but at the same time warm environment.  The hotel is managed very well and they also have a restaurant which offers a Tuscan dinner for those who would like to stay and eat in the hotel.  While the spa facilities are quite satisfying (sauna, bio-sauna, Turkish bath, inner pool and whirlpool bath), there are no body treatments, only a couple of massage types and only one masseur.  The excellent spa and the many treatments of the Hotel Adler Thermae intrigue me every time but the minimum € 150 expense is to consider.  On this aspect Hotel Le Terme has filled the gap with a good spa which offers many treatments with a more accessible price. 

La Bottega di Cacio

There are also several choices for dining outside.  I choose to name La Parata which has a very nice terrace over looking the hills or the most recommended Osteria del Leone, although it has to be tried after the ownership-change.  For lunch we usually go to La Bottega di Cacio.  It is perfect for a quick lunch in open air.  There is a good choice of cheese, salami, vegetables under olive oil and wine.  I recommend you to sit at its garden to enjoy your pause while watching the town guests come and go.

Il mio vecchio Acer Aspire 1511 continua a spegnersi dopo pochi minuti, nonostante abbia pulito dissipatore, ventole e sostituito la pasta della cpu.

Il problema riguarda la temperatura, ma non riesco a capire da dove possa essersi originato (anche perchè devo dire che gli ingegneri alla Acer hanno fatto un gran bel lavoro di merda: per pulire la ventola o sotituire il disco devi smontare l’intero computer e la cosa è di una rottura di zebedei marzulliana che non vi dico).

Se volete, potete avanzare i vostri suggerimenti.

P.S: qualcuno sa per caso dove si trovano i sensori della temperatura?

Thermal underwear is warm, but light, underwear. Patented fabric technology is used in making thermal underwear. This provides maximum warmth to the users. Most men’s thermal underwear has a soft fleece-like interior. Men’s thermal underwear is very comfortable to wear under any type of clothing, it provides comfort and warmth. The light weight, ultra-soft base layer of men’s thermal underwear provides protection against cold.

Men’s thermal underwear is made from different materials such as polyester and cotton. Polyester underwear has certain advantages over cotton thermal underwear. Polyester underwear drives away the perspiration across the underwear. This causes quick evaporation of sweat. This in turn keeps the user warm and dry. Most men’s thermal underwear has a breathable middle layer and outer layer. Thermal underwear is very useful for people participating in skiing or snowboarding. Men’s thermal underwear is generally designed in such a way that it stretches as the user moves and it does not ride up when the user sits. Because of this feature it is useful for people who engage in physical activities.

Thermal underwear is ideal for wearing in winter seasons. This underwear fits like a glove and has a slim look. Some specially designed men’s thermal underwear can be used both in cold and warm seasons. This type of thermal underwear has a base layer that keeps the user both warm and cool. This layer is usually made of phase change materials such as paraffin. Paraffin melts when the temperature gets higher than 85 degrees Fahrenheit and freezes below this temperature. This type of thermal underwear absorbs heat when paraffin melts. But it releases the heat, when paraffin freezes. Thermal underwear keeps the body temperature normal, when the outside temperature changes. Hence this underwear is perfect for people who need to work from the cool mornings to the hot afternoons.

One of the things we’re famous for, here in the desert, are our dates. Visit the Oasis Date Gardens in Thermal and taste test many fine varieties of dates.

In addition to a great eating experience you’ll leave with a little history of the Oasis Ranch. You can watch a video on how dates are grown, or take a tour of the Date Gardens and see how dates are cleaned and graded in their packing house.

They welcome groups, seniors, schools and can provide special lunch services, guided tours, free date tasting, speakers, luncheons and more. For more information call 760-399-5665, or visit www.oasisdategardens.com .

Thermal underwear is warm, but light, underwear. Patented fabric technology is used in making thermal underwear. This provides maximum warmth to the users. Most men’s thermal underwear has a soft fleece-like interior. Men’s thermal underwear is very comfortable to wear under any type of clothing, it provides comfort and warmth. The light weight, ultra-soft base layer of men’s thermal underwear provides protection against cold.

Men’s thermal underwear is made from different materials such as polyester and cotton. Polyester underwear has certain advantages over cotton thermal underwear. Polyester underwear drives away the perspiration across the underwear. This causes quick evaporation of sweat. This in turn keeps the user warm and dry. Most men’s thermal underwear has a breathable middle layer and outer layer. Thermal underwear is very useful for people participating in skiing or snowboarding. Men’s thermal underwear is generally designed in such a way that it stretches as the user moves and it does not ride up when the user sits. Because of this feature it is useful for people who engage in physical activities.

Thermal underwear is ideal for wearing in winter seasons. This underwear fits like a glove and has a slim look. Some specially designed men’s thermal underwear can be used both in cold and warm seasons. This type of thermal underwear has a base layer that keeps the user both warm and cool. This layer is usually made of phase change materials such as paraffin. Paraffin melts when the temperature gets higher than 85 degrees Fahrenheit and freezes below this temperature. This type of thermal underwear absorbs heat when paraffin melts. But it releases the heat, when paraffin freezes. Thermal underwear keeps the body temperature normal, when the outside temperature changes. Hence this underwear is perfect for people who need to work from the cool mornings to the hot afternoons.

Thermal underwear is warm, but light, underwear. Patented fabric technology is used in making thermal underwear. This provides maximum warmth to the users. Most men’s thermal underwear has a soft fleece-like interior. Men’s thermal underwear is very comfortable to wear under any type of clothing, it provides comfort and warmth. The light weight, ultra-soft base layer of men’s thermal underwear provides protection against cold.

Men’s thermal underwear is made from different materials such as polyester and cotton. Polyester underwear has certain advantages over cotton thermal underwear. Polyester underwear drives away the perspiration across the underwear. This causes quick evaporation of sweat. This in turn keeps the user warm and dry. Most men’s thermal underwear has a breathable middle layer and outer layer. Thermal underwear is very useful for people participating in skiing or snowboarding. Men’s thermal underwear is generally designed in such a way that it stretches as the user moves and it does not ride up when the user sits. Because of this feature it is useful for people who engage in physical activities.

Thermal underwear is ideal for wearing in winter seasons. This underwear fits like a glove and has a slim look. Some specially designed men’s thermal underwear can be used both in cold and warm seasons. This type of thermal underwear has a base layer that keeps the user both warm and cool. This layer is usually made of phase change materials such as paraffin. Paraffin melts when the temperature gets higher than 85 degrees Fahrenheit and freezes below this temperature. This type of thermal underwear absorbs heat when paraffin melts. But it releases the heat, when paraffin freezes. Thermal underwear keeps the body temperature normal, when the outside temperature changes. Hence this underwear is perfect for people who need to work from the cool mornings to the hot afternoons.

Carhartt WorkDry Men’s Thermal Top 2XL Black – K290 K290

Friends Link : http://astore.amazon.com/tw-huntington-20 http://astore.amazon.com/blogtool-20 http://astore.amazon.com/tw-virginia-20 http://beverlayxdooy.livejournal.com/ http://maternity.tumblr.com/

It’s apparent that Camber don’t do funny business. There’s an enduring mystery to this sports/workwear brand that’s nicely at odds with every other brand letting the blogsphere see every inch of their inner workings down to the guts – they make great product, so hard wearing that it nearly falls into the current workwear boom that’s got your local hipster hotspot looking like dress rehearsals for ‘The Grapes Of Wrath’ with added GORE-TEX. This has been the year of the heritage range. Marketing guy spots local urchins in denim and workboots, discovers the hype blogs and realises that all they need is their old logo on a patch, Vibram on the sole and voila! They’re in the running.

In the tumble to show just how goddamn old and authentic they are, old brands are acting less like the bemused Farnklin Davis who expressed concern for Ben Davis fan Snoop Dogg around the time he was aquitted of murder charges, “I heard something about that Snoop Dogg guy getting in trouble…” or a crotchety old man chasing a young man in cropped chinos wielding a DMC-GF1 off his factory property. Nope. Now it’s all blogger tours and storytelling.

That’s not necessarily a bad thing at all – many companies must be caking it this winter from a new breed of consumer but sadly, the waxed canvas bubble will pop one day, and there’ll be brand casualties, regardless of how timeless the product is. It’s the age-old story, a long lost tribe found then corrupted by another tribe – fickle consumers with oneupmanship on the brain.

I once theorised that all the industry’s current ills go back to the day Nike retroed the Jordan 1 in 1994. I was stoned at the time of attempting to contextualise this, but after that release was treated with ambivalence by all but the clued-up and the Jordan series retros started shifting, while it certainly wasn’t the first Nike retro, the brand must have clocked the profits to be made from raiding the archive – it’s interesting the golden age of sports shoe design comes to a close as the retrospect rose. But that’s a whole ‘nother blog entry, and I’m on holiday, so I’ll stop talking shoes.

You’ll find no J. Peterman style essays, or tales of kitting out workers in days of olde on their site, but Camber are a brand with some history, well, for those of us who can remember brands like Gimme 5’s UK Bathing Ape subsidiary Very Ape printing on their thick tees circa. 1995 we know they go back to the mid ’90s at least. There were brief rumours that Camber’s thermal hoodies were the basis for Supreme and ALIFE pieces – but this has been attributed to CYC, who’ve stepped out from blank status lately with Reigning Champ and Wings & Horns (who to be fair, have been talked about regularly on forums like Superfuture for nigh-on half a decade).

We know Camber are based in Norristown, Pennylsvania and that their gear is proudly US-made. And that’s about it. Both those previous factoids would see most brands elevated to capo status in the current climate, but this one seems content to go about their business.

Savvy Japanese consumers picked up Camber sweats and gave them some magazine buzz a few years back, and any visitor to workwear mecca Dave’s in New York might have seen stacks of chunky zip-up numbers sharing shelf space with Carhartt and Dickies. A recent visit had a poor showing from Camber, and a glimpse at their website today indicates stocks are significently lower; one style and colour at time of writing. This just makes them all the more intriguing.

Carhartt’s European franchise meant they could serve dual roles as a trend and working brand well, causing some minor confusion (it’s all in the way those bad boys are cut), but without alienating either fanbase. Dickies is currently in the middle of a hunt for that trend-level scrilla, and after making some mediocre selevedge ventures since the late ’90s, finally seem to be on the right track with the excellent impending Wiliamson-Dickie numbers.

Max-Weight t-shirts do what the name suggests – a Hanes Beefy T weighs in at 6.1oz – the Max-Weight is 8oz of shirt. That’s excessive to the heavy shirt haters, but if you’re in the market for a non transparent tee, they’re a good choice. The Arctic Thermal zip-up is a flagship product for Camber – 19oz is enough to beat a man to death with one, and they’re a good winter pick. Dark green and brown are two of the best shades, and for those of you fetishising Lampo and Riri zips – fall back. You’ll get none of that for seventy bucks, but the brass eyelets and overall fit, taking in the fact they shrink by at least ten percent (something that doesn’t happen with the CYC numbers), is decent. The set in sleeves are a good length too, though a little prone to fraying over time. Again…these are, like Carhartt hoodies, despite dependabe build, seasonally disposable thanks to their pricepoint.

The contrast hi-vis one isn’t some ‘07 nu rave flashback – it’s eye-bleeding for a reason, and there’s a custom service promoted on the Camber site that offers orders that can be placed be placed “with a minimum quantity as low as 6 dozen” and the photographs show some clean examples of the factory’s commissions. Plus a mention that they do private label work too.

Camber deserves more respect, but props to the brand for keeping it real while all those around them lose their heads over the new found attention.

www.camberusa.com

On a loosely related note, this blog shows a lot of promise -

www.one-percenters-clothing.blogspot.com

There’s some great bits showcased on there for the one percent who care. Holmes knitwear is quite a flashback.

And linking to an earlier point, here’s team Red Wing making plans for further domination in 2010, plus some good (underexposed) promotional videos from their European, er…wing.

]]> http://ishowreviews.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/mens-thermal-underwear/ Wed, 25 Nov 2009 16:08:10 +0000 marvinhkolp1234 http://ishowreviews.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/mens-thermal-underwear/

Thermal underwear is warm, but light, underwear. Patented fabric technology is used in making thermal underwear. This provides maximum warmth to the users. Most men’s thermal underwear has a soft fleece-like interior. Men’s thermal underwear is very comfortable to wear under any type of clothing, it provides comfort and warmth. The light weight, ultra-soft base layer of men’s thermal underwear provides protection against cold.

Men’s thermal underwear is made from different materials such as polyester and cotton. Polyester underwear has certain advantages over cotton thermal underwear. Polyester underwear drives away the perspiration across the underwear. This causes quick evaporation of sweat. This in turn keeps the user warm and dry. Most men’s thermal underwear has a breathable middle layer and outer layer. Thermal underwear is very useful for people participating in skiing or snowboarding. Men’s thermal underwear is generally designed in such a way that it stretches as the user moves and it does not ride up when the user sits. Because of this feature it is useful for people who engage in physical activities.

Thermal underwear is ideal for wearing in winter seasons. This underwear fits like a glove and has a slim look. Some specially designed men’s thermal underwear can be used both in cold and warm seasons. This type of thermal underwear has a base layer that keeps the user both warm and cool. This layer is usually made of phase change materials such as paraffin. Paraffin melts when the temperature gets higher than 85 degrees Fahrenheit and freezes below this temperature. This type of thermal underwear absorbs heat when paraffin melts. But it releases the heat, when paraffin freezes. Thermal underwear keeps the body temperature normal, when the outside temperature changes. Hence this underwear is perfect for people who need to work from the cool mornings to the hot afternoons.

For some reason Paige has been dying to take mac and cheese for lunch.  She will always let me know when one of her classmates brought mac and cheese and how it looked really delicious.  I, myself, am not a big mac and cheese fan but I decided to humor her and made it for her lunch today.  Paige’s lunch also included garlic bread as well as some fruits and veggies.  Her garlic bread is decorated with falling leaves and a little turkey.  I also stuck in a scarecrow cupcake pick that I thought was pretty cute.

Today, more than ever there is a need for Industry to be responsible in its environmental judgements and actions. With the haste to improve the over-all environmental situation and push on Industry to reduce its carbon footprint, it is important to educate yourself on the short term and long term ramifications of the “Green” solutions you implement. In the case of lighting upgrades, there is a great opportunity to reduce corporation and municipality electricity expenses and more importantly to reduce the electricity demanded from the energy providers who are the greatest contributors of CO2 gases released into the environment. In selecting the lighting solution, you want to ensure you investigate not only the short term purchasing costs, but also the long term costs associated with waste; i.e. labour costs due to installation, maintenance/cleaning and light bulb replacements; and lamp consumable cost expenses which are significant yet typically ‘hidden’ or looked over and purposely not highlighted in the selling process of fluorescent (FLUO) and LED based lighting products.

When considering the type of lighting for your new or retrofit high-bay or low-bay lighting application, it is essential to be educated and made aware of what long term costs will be incurred over the lifetime of the lighting system. One very important aspect to consider is the maintenance and labour costs associated with the cleaning and the changing of lamps. Fluorescent and LED lighting systems have the problem that the light quality they emit inherently degrades over the operating life of their lamps, increasing the lamp replacement frequency and over-all expenses of operating those systems.

Comparing Digital Ballast powered High-Intensity Discharge lighting (Digital HID or DHID lighting) to fluorescent and LED, end-users agree that the added value offered in terms of the DHID solution’s low buying price, energy efficiency, light quality/performance, and reduced labour and maintenance costs, ensures end-users benefit with the best lighting for the shortest payback or return on investment time. Furthermore, when considering the upgrade or retrofit of an existing inefficient lighting installation, one must consider the labour costs involved in the installation; such as the removal of the old lighting system, re-wiring, changing of the lighting grid pattern, and all the consumable costs and other indirect waste created as a result. In the case of the upgrade of an existing core and coil (magnetic) powered ballast fixture, the DHID digital ballast solution is simple, cost-effective, outperforms and is the most environmentally responsible.

It is wise to consider the long term costs associated with fluorescent lighting to truly appreciate the “realistic” return on investment of fluorescent based lighting for factory/warehouse, retail, and general building high-bay and low-bay lighting applications. The following facts about DHID lighting versus FLUO lighting serves to highlight the performance and the common costs associated with the installation and operation of each in the short and long term to help you accurately conclude your own realistic return on investment calculation.

Capabilities and Benefits of DHID Vs. FLUO

This is a direct comparison between both DHID and fluorescent lighting solutions for a 40ft high-bay ceiling application where antiquated core and coil (magnetic) 1000W ballasts in existing HID fixture are already installed.

The recommended Digital HID retrofit solution is a dimmable 575W DHID ballast powering a 575W Metal Halide (MH) bulb. The proposed fluorescent high output high-bay T5 solution features 8 lamps at 54W each and 2 non-dimming electronic ballasts.

Installation Complexity and Cost?

DHID: A simple ‘plug and play’ retrofit of one digital ballast into the existing HID fixture and one new HID bulb installed where needed. The existing fixture is re-used and the efficiency is significantly improved by 50% to 75%. The performance and light quality is also better offering 40% brighter, whiter, penetrating light over the old system. The typical labour cost to retrofit a fixture is $50.00 US and takes approximately 30-45 minutes per fixture. The typical total package cost to retrofit a 1000W magnetic ballast application is $250-$300 US including the DHID 575W ballast, light bulb and installation cost.

FLUO: To install fluorescent you need to remove and recycle the used HID fixtures including ballasts, bulbs, reflectors, wires and the exterior metal housings. You then need to create new hanging structures for the new standard size fluorescent T5 8 Lamp high output fixtures. The lighting grid layout will need to also be changed as more T5 fluorescent fixtures will be needed to ensure a uniform light coverage (overlap) at the floor between them. In most cases, extra mid level or low-bay lighting needs to be installed where illumination from the fluorescent high-bay is not significant enough. There are also costs associated with the assembly of the individual fluorescent fixtures which is a labour cost the electrical contractor will invoice. With 8 bulbs and 2 ballasts, the complexity of a fluorescent system is high, adds cost and inhibits performance. The typical cost for a fluorescent T5 8 lamp high output fixture is starting at $280 US or more and this cost does not include the assembly/installation and the cost of the 8 lamps needed per fixture and for inventory.

Luminous Efficacy and Lumens Per Watt Performance?

DHID: Luminous efficacy of 118lm/W for digital ballast powered Metal Halide (MH), High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) and Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) HID bulb applications. If retrofitting an existing HID fixture which has an antiquated 1000W core and coil (magnetic) ballast, a new 575W digital ballast would be installed in place powering a 575W MH bulb for a new total fixture lumen output of 67,850lm (575W X 118lm/W).

FLUO: Luminous efficacy of approximately 81lm/W if 54W bulbs in a fluorescent T5 8 lamp high-output fixture operating with 2 ballasts. If 54W bulbs offer a total lumen output of 4400lm output each, then 4400 X 8 lamps = 35,200 total lumen output from the T5 8 lamp high output fixture.

Ballast / Fixture Efficiency Performance?

DHID: One digital ballast is 97% efficient. For the existing magnetic 1000W MH, we retrofit the 575W DHID ballast operating a 575W MH bulb at 592W with 3% losses. At 575 Watts, the DHID system will produce more lumens at the ground than both the existing 1000W MH and fluorescent consideration. Moreover, the notable increase in lumen output performance will bring the existing fixtures back to life, with more light at the ground, and with more light over-laps between the fixtures for a brighter white facility and working area. Due to the increase in the lumen output of the DHID ballast high-bay installation, 30% to 40% of the existing mid level fluorescent lighting can be removed adding additional energy savings. And since the 575W DHID can be dimmed, even more electricity savings are possible; e.g. instantly dimmed to 20%, the 575W ballast only consumes approximately 474W yet still outputs bright penetrating light to the target.

FLUO: Two electronic ballasts are 90% efficient. Operating 54W x 8 bulbs = approximately 480W total with heat losses. Due to the poorer lumen output of T5’s, more fixtures should be added to the lighting grid to compensate for the lower lumen output to the ground. The 2 ballast design and the accumulation of 8 bulbs creates 10% losses to heat and increased wear on the bulbs leading to a more rapid degradation in light quality. The T5 fixture in this example does not have dim capabilities; to dim would add extra cost and complexity due to the ‘special’ dimming ballasts required. As a result of dimming fluorescent, there is also increased wear and tear on the lamps adding to lamp change increases and ultimately increased labour and consumable costs in the short and long term.

Light Quality Throughout Bulb Life?

DHID: Due to Digital HID’s 118lm/W luminous efficacy performance, more lumens, and natural white bright light penetrates to the facility floor. The light quality is guaranteed over the entire life of the bulb due to patented digital ballast technologies. The bulb does not degrade more than 5% from the life start to life end of the bulb creating huge benefits to retail, factory/warehouse or any applications where consistent bright white light is mandatory. The DHID ballast increases the life of HID bulbs radically by 100% (or more if dimming is utilized). A bulb with an original mean time before failure (MTBF) rating of 20,000 hours will now last 40,000 hours or more and will suffer no less than 5% light degradation throughout the bulbs life. The high luminous efficacy of the DHID ballast delivers brighter more penetrating lumens to the factory or retail application floor for less cost. Compared to LED, fluorescent, and induction based lamp systems, DHID powered systems easily offer the best light quality/performance for the lowest total operating/consumable costs.

FLUO: The fact is that all fluorescent lamps, be they hot cathode, cold cathode or electrode-less will suffer from phosphor degradation. The rate of this degradation is a function of the type and the amount of phosphor, and the type of glass used for the tube. The temperature of the phosphor and glass and the intensity of the UV flux from the discharge also play a role in enhancing the degradation of a fluorescent bulb. High Output (HO) and Very High Output (VHO) bulbs will normally degrade faster than standard output bulbs.

Most standard output fluorescent bulbs claim 10,000 hours to 20,000 hours or more operating lifetimes, but can fall to 80% or less of their original light intensity after only 10,000 hours of operation. One must take into account the long term costs of this realistic bulb degradation and failure in considering fluorescent for your lighting application. If dimming ballasts are installed, please factor in this extra cost and also the increased cost of labour and consumables due to increased lamp changes as dimming has an adverse effect on the life of the fluorescent bulb, degrading it even quicker.

Fixture Noise, Static; Light Quality Psychological Impact?

DHID: The proven DHID ballast is silent, and operates warm as only 3% losses are to heat; the ballast is 97% efficient and does not create significant static electricity. Pulse start MH bulbs are inexpensive and produce a natural white light which is more pleasant to work under. Studies have shown that humans working in brighter, more naturally lit environments are more alert and more productive.

FLUO: Some of the common nuisances end-users underscore about fluorescent lighting are the noise, the light quality/flicker, the colour, and rapid light quality degradation by or before the bulb’s mid-life and inevitably thereafter. Fluorescent lighting fixtures require increased maintenance and cleaning due to the dust that collects on the static charged surfaces of the system. The dust and debris accumulation on the bulb and on the reflector surface is unhealthy and further adds to the degradation of light quality and total lumen output.

Lamp(s) and Ballast(s) Change Frequency?

DHID: Only 1 lamp needs to be replaced per HID fixture and with little labour cost/time needed as HID fixtures are typically easy to maintain with easy access to the light bulb. HID bulbs operated with the DHID ballast are rated to 30,000 hours to 40,000 hours or more life expectancy (with dimming) and the bulb lumen output is guaranteed to not decrease more than 5% over the lifetime of the bulb. The DHID ballast will output 118lm/W right up until the bulb’s life end. The DHID ballast is rated to a 10 year MTBF and will output the same 118lm/W up until its life-end. At ballasts life-end, it is again a very simple and cost-effective replacement to upgrade the HID system without having to replace entire fixtures.

FLUO: 8 lamps per fixture need to be replaced and much more frequently than DHID which adds more labour and maintenance costs. If mean time before failure of the fluorescent bulb is 20,000 hours then lamps need replacement every 2 to 3 years. If the lamps are considered to be failed at 10,000 hours due to significant light quality and brightness degradation, then lamp change frequency needs to be every 1 to 2 years. Since the 8 lamp fluorescent fixtures need two ballasts each, then at the ballasts life-end two ballasts need replacement. If you factor in the labour costs to remove the old ballast and reinstall new ballasts, it becomes evident that a lot of waste is created due to the limitations of the fluorescent lighting technology.

Long Term Realistic Bulb And Ballast Expenses?

DHID: Simple example: 1 bulb per existing fixture x 500 fixtures X $20 US approximate HID bulb cost for a 575W Pulse Start Metal Halide bulb = 500 bulbs at $10,000.00 US total every 4-6yrs+. Very simple procedure, 1 lamp to replace and it is easy to do in the existing fixtures since the bulbs are really easy to access. This decreases the maintenance labour costs noticeably. The DHID ballast is rated to 10 years MTBF and is also easy and cost-effective to replace at that time.

FLUO: 8 x T5 high output bulbs X 500 units = 4,000 bulbs. At an approximated bulb price of $5 USD X 4,000 bulbs the total bulb consumable costs alone is $20,000 US. If the bulb lasts 15,000 hours without significant degradation, you would incur this expense every 2 years approximately. In addition, there will be increased labour costs incurred to change 8 lamps per fixture. At the end of the ballasts life there will again be expenses incurred to replace either the entire fixture (more waste), or to retrofit two new ballasts in the existing fixture. Either option with fluorescent will result in inevitable labour and consumable expenses and environmental waste.

Motion Sensor Dimming Capabilities?

DHID: It is possible to dim Metal Halide, High-Pressure Sodium and Ceramic Metal Halide HID bulbs with DHID digital ballasts. Dimming is simple and instant and it adds to the already sizeable savings in energy consumption since the DHID ballast can dim the HID bulb from 100% power to 50% power or any step in between this range. The dimming of a DHID ballast powered bulb is barely noticeable because the system still delivers high lumen output in the dimmed state. With smart dimming, the electricity costs to operate the system are further reduced without disrupting the operation or safety of the working environment. Motion sensors are strategically placed to detect human and operator activity to determine lamp on times at full power.

In the case of a 575W DHID ballast powered HID bulb replacing a magnetic 1000W system drawing 1200W with approximated heat losses, the end-user can expect 50% or more savings without dimming. The system can then be dimmed down via motion sensor or switch by 20% to the 460W setting for the additional 20% in savings in electricity (1200W – 592W – 118.4W = 489.6W / 1200W = 59%+ savings total).

With the advancement in the DHID technology over magnetic based HID systems, lamp start times are 1 minute, dimming is instantaneous and start-up after a hot re-strike is 3 minutes. In most Industry applications, instant dimming capabilities are preferred since HID lighting systems are typically installed in areas where the lights are to be on for extended time periods. Where it is essential to have the lights on always, the dimming of a HID system is ideal since lumen output is still high in the dimmed state, yet more electricity is saved since the lights are only at full power when needed.

FLUO: Yes and No; it is possible to dim fluorescents, but you need special and expensive ballasts with this capability for T5 fluorescent bulbs. This adds expense as you need two ballasts per each 8 lamp high-bay fixture. Without dimming there is a great limit on electrical energy savings possible with fluorescent lighting. One should also consider the original lumen output performance when considering the fluorescent solutions versus a DHID retrofit solution since DHID offers a much higher output of lumens to the target, even in the dimmed state. Secondly, one should consider the effect of dimming on the fluorescent bulb since increased dim-on and dim-off cycles reduce the bulbs life. Fluorescent lighting was not originally designed for dimming, and is typically not recommended due to the associated expenses, performance limitations and poor return on investment.

Return On Investment?

DHID: With DHID the short term return on investment payback is 0.5 years to 1 year for a total DHID retrofit package including bulb, ballast and installation. In the long term, if utilizing an MH bulb with a MTBF of 30,000 hours to 40,000 hours+ with dimming, operated at 6,240 hours yearly, the bulb would need to be replaced every 4.8 years or 6.4 years+ with dimming respectively. At a bulb cost of $20 US, the total consumable cost is miniscule over the lifetime of the system. The DHID ballast is rated at 10yrs MTBF with the potential to have its life extended further depending on the application. With fewer bulbs and less frequent lamp changes, maintenance/cleaning time is more infrequent making the money saved in labour and consumable expenses over the system life noteworthy. The DHID solution guarantees high energy efficiency, and high-quality, penetrating light over the entire lifetime of the bulb and the DHID ballast.

FLUO: The short term return on investment payback time is poor due to the initial cost of purchase and installation; i.e. the labour to assemble the new T5 8 lamp fixtures; the removal of the used HID fixtures; the install and wiring of the new T5 fixture; the installation of the 8 lamps and the accumulated costs of all the fixture hardware and individual lamps for each fixture. Furthermore, in the short term one must factor in the costs of how frequently the fixtures will require cleaning due to decreased light output as a result of dust accumulation. If the T5 high output bulb is able to last 15,000 hours without noticeable degradation due to cleaning and efficient bulb operation, then bulb change labour and consumable expenses will be frequent; every 2 years or less making the return on investment of fluorescent over the long term (5 years or more) most unfavourable when compared to the DHID retrofit solution.

 
The Environmentally Responsible Lighting Retrofit Solution

The DHID ballast retrofit solution is the most environmentally responsible and cost-effective upgrade for inefficient lighting installations. By simply retrofitting the Digital HID ballast into an antiquated HID lamp system, the old fixture is re-used and rejuvenated, bringing new life and a drastic improvement in performance to the HID bulb based system. This simple procedure leaves only the magnetic ballast to be recycled (and bulb in circumstances) and therefore creates much less strain on the environment.  The DHID solution is able to reduce Industry’s carbon footprint, and the over-all CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere due to the measurable amount of energy consumption reduced and physical and time waste reduced as a result of the DHID solution.

Digital HID lighting promises and delivers the optimal balance of energy efficiency, light quality/performance, and reduced maintenance benefits for the shortest realistic return on investment payback time in the Industry. We welcome the opportunity to discuss our findings with you further; please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions.

Anthony Borges
aborges@accendoelectronics.com
www.AccendoElectronics.com

201423     การแปรสภาพด้วยความร้อนและการแช่แข็งอาหาร     Thermal Processing and Food Freezing

หลักเบื้องต้นสำหรับการแปรรูป หลักการใช้ความร้อนในกระบวนการแปรรูปเครื่องแลกเปลี่ยนความร้อน วิธีการประเมินการแปรสภาพด้วยความร้อน การเปลี่ยนแปลงทางเคมีและชีวภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์โดยกระบวนการใช้ความร้อน อุปกรณ์การทำความเย็น การลดอุณหภูมิก่อนการแช่เย็น การทำให้อาหารอยู่ในสภาพแช่แข็ง การคำนวณเวลาการแช่แข็ง การละลายอาหารแช่แข็ง

(Principles of food processing, principles of thermal processing, heat exchanger, evaluation of thermal processing, chemical and biological changes of products in thermal processing, refrigerator, precooling, freezing, calculation of freezing time, thawing.)

(201423 มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์)

201425     วิศวกรรมการออกแบบระบบทางความร้อน     Thermal System Design Engineering

การออกแบบระบบทางความร้อนที่เหมาะสมและที่ให้ประโยชน์สูงสุด การสร้างสมการทางความร้อนจากข้อมูลดิบ การสร้างสมการแสดงสมรรถนะของอุปกรณ์แลกเปลี่ยนความร้อนจากแนวคิดพื้นฐาน การจำลอง ระบบทางความร้อน การวิเคราะห์ความเป็นไปได้ทางการเงินของระบบทางความร้อน การวิเคราะห์ปัญหาทางความร้อนที่ได้ประโยชน์สูงสุด

(Thermal engineering design for appropriate systems and optimum systems, development of thermal equations from raw data, development of performance equations for heat exchangers from fundamental concepts, simulation of thermal systems, financial feasibility analysis of thermal systems, analysis of thermal problems for optimum solutions.)

(201425 มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์)

Wow! I thought I was going to pull my own hair out while trying to work on this alpaca reroot for a custom commission… but I’m starting to love it! It’s sooooo incredibly soft and floats in the air like a feather! I may have to dye some black for my little Monday instead of the black saran reroot I’m doing on her now. I’m almost done with the pink thermal saran reroot for another commission, can’t wait to be done with these two though so I can work on some of my own stuff. I’m going to take a break on customs until the beginning of next year. I have so much knitting to do and spinning now!

Do-it-yourself insulation and air sealing is a cinch as long as you have a little time on your hands, and the right tools to seal off your windows and doors. And your efforts will be well worth it when the heating bill comes and it’s actually affordable.

Start with a walk through your home. Evaluate each room for possible air leaks. Do you have older windows or a back door that leaks air? Maybe you’ve noticed a number of gaps along the baseboard, or draft coming in through the mail slot. Step one is to assess problem areas and jot them
down (with descriptions and locations) on a notepad. Take measurements where applicable so you know how many materials to buy when you go to the hardware store.

If you decide to install or upgrade your current doors or storm windows (interior or exterior), you should seek out help from a professional. This will save you some headaches later on–windows must be installed correctly to maximize your insulation. Look for weather stripping at all joints. – Rockwool Insulation
DIY Spray Foam Insulation
DIY Spray Foam Insulation

208446     การออกแบบระบบทางความร้อน     Thermal System Design

แนวความคิดเบื้องต้นของอุณหพลศาสตร์ การประยุกต์ใช้กฏข้อที่หนึ่งและกฎข้อที่สองของอุณหพลศาสตร์กับระบบทางความร้อน การถ่ายเทความร้อน การออกแบบให้ระบบใช้งานได้ซึ่งเกี่ยวข้องกับวัฎจักรการทํ างานของกลจักรความร้อน ระบบทํ าความเย็น กังหันไอนํ้ า กังหันก๊าซ เครื่องควบแน่นและเครื่องยนต์แบบลูกสูบชัก การวิเคราะห์เชิงเศรษฐศาสตร์ การสร้างสมการจากข้อมูล การจํ าลองระบบและการออกแบบให้เหมาะที่สุด

(Basic concepts of thermodynamics; application of first and second law of thermodynamics with thermal systems; heat transfer; workable design of heat engines, heat pumps, steam turbine, condensers and reciprocating engines: economic analysis; equation fittings; modeling thermal equipment; system simulation and optimized design.)

(208446 มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์)

Levi’s Red Tab Waffle Knit Thermal Top

http://keenertechnologies.com (808) 792-7530 Hawaii security systems can range from residential to commercial and government in complexity, but regardless of your requirements, always choose quality equipment and service. Tom Keener shows some of the intergrated security equipment installed at DR Fortress, one of the more security concious businesses in Hawaii. Check out iris recognition access control units along with digital ccd cameras, intrusion detection and other integrated systems.