Se il postcomunista e neoliberale Massimo D’Alema assieme allo stato maggiore piddino ha decretato la fine sostanziale del centrosinistra rompendo con gli alleati neocomunisti e di estrema sinistra, il postfascista e neoconservatore Gianfranco Fini ha iniziato a fare qualcosa di simile sull’altro versante proponendosi di eliminare le scorie della destra radicale fino allo stesso berlusconismo di cui tutto può esser detto tranne che sulla presunta moderazione e misura del suo artefice e dei suoi accoliti.

Il nostro omino di burro è ormai solo un Pinocchio e non nel senso che come l’impagabile burattino è avvezzo alla bugia, ma perché anche lui ha trovato sulla sua strada un Gatto e una Volpe molto navigati& A differenza di Pinocchio però Berlusconi è adulto e vaccinato per non capire che le monete non crescono sugli alberi e i due compari lo sanno benissimo& Sicuramente l’operato dei due amiconi ha ricevuto la benedizione della consorte di Berlusconi da tempo immemore ormai in rotta con il marito.

Tuttavia se è vero che Berlusconi è stato un iscritto della P2 e che ha fatto proprie molte sollecitazioni provenienti dal Venerabile basta dare una scorsa e leggersi il Piano per capire come il modello presidenzialista o di premierato bipartitico coltivato da Fini e D’Alema – due politici che non hanno mai amato la loggia P2 o coltivato pericolosi rapporti con suoi esponenti in passato – si adatta molto di più e meglio ai punti di quel programma che non l’autoritarismo democratico di Berlusconi.

Un’abile e spregiudicata spia, insomma& La sua indubbia capacità di raccogliere, conservare e catalogare dossier, informazioni e dati riservati e segreti gli ha permesso di evitare di fare la fine di certi suoi confratelli come i finanzieri Calvi e Sindona e come il giornalista Mino Pecorelli i quali non sono certo deceduti in seguito ad incidenti o disgrazie.

Fonte: bellaciao.org

Lui sbuffa, sposta nervosamente i fogli che ha appoggiato su una scrivania che gli sta stretta, scalcia mostrando raffinati mocassini che escono, come le sue gambe, da sotto il tavolo, e sbuffa di nuovo.

Senza i prestiti della Banca Mondiale, il petrolio di Chavez, il commercio con i paesi vicini, i beni di consumo che arrivano dagli Stati Uniti con il trattato di libero scambio’

Che l’abbiano fatta grossa per sbarazzarsi del “traditore”, di Zelaya, uno di loro, un membro dell’oligarchia che da sempre domina gli affari dell’Honduras, passato al nemico – dicono – per ambizione di potere.

Ma si rende conto che lei è diventato presidente grazie all’intervento dei militari e ad una lettera di dimissioni di Zelaya che è evidentemente falsa’

Fonte: www.repubblica.it

Un mythe planétaire’ (éditions du Toucan, pp.270, euro17,90), scrive: ‘Le considerevoli somme di denaro che diversi paesi in tutto il mondo credono di spendere per salvare il pianeta’ andranno completamente sperperati, come quelle impiegate per tappezzare la Francia di turbine eoliche, che deturpano il nostro paesaggio e di cui non abbiamo alcuna necessità in termini di fabbisogno energetico.

E ciò nonostante, propone soluzioni irrealistiche, perché ‘le emissioni di gas a effetto serra sono essenzialmente una conseguenza diretta dell’uso dei combustibili fossili, e i bisogni dell’umanità sono tali che essa utilizzerà tutte le risorse disponibili in ogni momento, perché questa è una necessità assoluta per lo sviluppo e perché intere comunità possano uscire dalla miseria’.

Del resto, è improbabile pensare che il mondo rinunci alle sue prospettive di crescita nella vaga e lontana prospettiva di impedire il riscaldamento del globo, che almeno in parte avverrà comunque in conseguenza della componente naturale dei cambiamenti climatici.

Una lettura serena e distaccata del dibattito tra i climatologi, secondo il politico francese, offre ragioni di ottimismo, in quanto ‘probabilmente il pianeta non subirà grandi danni’ e il nesso tra le emissioni antropogeniche e il riscaldamento globale è ancora da verificare.

Fonte: www.ilfoglio.it

A guest photo!  Courtesy of Crystal Kuhlmannwho found this week’s 69-er on Wolfe Island.  Love that the wind turbines are caught in the background!

As many of you will know, Turbine have recently changed their subscription structure for Dungeons and Dragons Online, making it a Free-to-Play game. What this effectively means is that the monthly subscription fee has been scrapped in favour of a “micro-transactions” model. Now you can pay for additional character slots above the default three, you can pay for “XP Potions” and additional playable classes etc. However this doesn’t mean that the Free-to-Play aspect is a gimick and that you must expend real money to enjoy the game. Through grinding and questing you can accumulate Turbine Points(the currency used to purchase content), so in fact a player could play this game and never spend a penny if they were not grind-adverse.

But the question is, is it any good? Is it worth the 10GB download? In a word, yes it is. This is a polished and slick product, which offers many “handcrafted” adventures. Each quest is it’s own instance, which has scripting and set-pieces which would normally be found in end-game raids in most MMOs. The production value of these quests is extremely high, and the player will feel a real sense of connection to their character during these missions.

The community is also, surprising for a F2P game, very helpful and mature. I get the feeling most are fans of the PnP version of D&D and most seem very helpful to the new player. Unfortunately, unlike most MMOs, everything except the main towns are instanced. This means you wont encounter players in the wilderness, and so it doesn’t really have a MMO “feel” to it. It really is reminiscent of the table-top game – players meet up for some dungeons bashing and then go their seperate ways afterwards. Don’t imagine this to be a serious flaw though, the quality of the dungeons is top class, easily beating many Pay-to-Play titles hands down.

So to answer my original question, is it any good. It is, in fact it’s an excellent game. It reminds me a little of Guild Wars, except with better graphics, much better quests and a helpful community base. Anyone who likes MMOs, and in particular the PVE element, would be well advised to give this one a try.

Graphics: 8/10

Gameplay: 9/10

Overall Rating 8/10

Union Pacific engine at IRM

Originally uploaded by Steven Vance

Union Pacific is the oldest and largest operating railroad in the United States.

And they have beautiful train livery, like the one in this photo, seen at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois. UP 18 is a gas turbine-electric locomotive the company donated to the museum.

From Wikipedia: “UP’s basic paint scheme for its diesel-electric locomotives is the oldest still in use by a major railroad. The bottom two-thirds of the locomotive body is painted Armour Yellow, so-named because it was the color used by the Armour meat company. A thin band of red divides this from the Harbor Mist Gray (a fairly light gray) used for the body and roof above that point.”

penghemat listrik

DIY turbin angin telah menjadi sangat membantu dalam banyak rumah tangga setiap sejak dunia menghadapi krisis ekonomi. Jumlah besar pencarian di internet telah menunjukkan minat yang besar dari orang-orang yang mencari fakta-fakta dalam hal ini generator energi alternatif. Cari tahu mengapa banyak orang percaya bahwa penghemat listrik itu adalah sumber investasi.

Sebuah DIY turbin angin mengubah energi angin menjadi listrik dapat digunakan. Salah satu keuntungan besar adalah bahwa energi angin merupakan Penghemat Listrik sumber alam yang tidak pernah dapat habis. Jika Anda mencari suatu sistem yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan pasokan listrik bebas sebuah turbin angin DIY adalah pilihan Hemat Listrik Pln ideal investasi. Di atas itu dianggap sebagai perangkat ramah lingkungan yang membantu melindungi planet ini.

Dalam depresi ekonomi saat ini banyak orang mencari cara untuk menghemat uang untuk dapat bertahan melalui krisis ini. Dengan turbin Penghemat Energi Listrik angin DIY bukan hanya Anda yang dapat menghemat uang dengan pembangkit listrik jika Anda berhasil menciptakan lebih banyak energi daripada akhirnya Anda menggunakan untuk bulan perusahaan listrik Anda akan benar-benar membayar Anda. Cek tidak Penghemat Energi Listrik akan menjadi suatu hal yang besar untuk melihat bukan tagihan listrik di kotak surat Anda setiap bulan Satu-satunya hal Alat Hemat Listrik yang Anda harus Alat Penghemat Listrik keluar dari saku Anda adalah pemeliharaan turbin angin rumah itu sendiri. Namun uang yang Anda mengelola untuk menyelamatkan dari beberapa bulan akan lebih dari cukup untuk menutupi biaya perawatan.

Instalasi turbin angin DIY bukanlah tugas yang sulit. Selalu ada Hemat Energi Listrik profesional yang akan menyelesaikan tugas untuk Anda. Mencari profesional di daerah Anda bisa Hemat Listrik Pln semudah online. Banyak akan memberikan harga perkiraan sehingga Anda dapat memutuskan apakah Anda ingin membuat investasi. Jika Anda berpikir Anda ingin menangani instalasi sendiri Anda selalu dapat membeli turbin angin DIY kit. Anda harus dapat menyelesaikan instalasi dengan beberapa alat yang dapat dengan mudah ditemukan di sekitar rumah.

Buka pikiran Anda hingga apa yang DIY turbin angin bisa lakukan untuk Anda dan keluarga Anda. Penghemat Daya Listrik Manfaat pasti yang jelas. Penghemat Listrik Anda bahkan dapat menginstal rumah turbin angin dengan bantuan dari seluruh keluarga. Tidak hanya dapat itu membuat hari kohesi yang baik juga bisa belajar pelajaran untuk anak-anak Anda untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang sumber Alat Hemat Listrik energi alternatif.

Jika Anda akan untuk memastikan rumah Anda menerima jumlah energi yang memadai Anda dapat selalu menginstal sistem lain. Jumlah energi yang anda dapat menghasilkan secara penghemat listrik langsung berhubungan dengan jumlah angin di daerah anda. Oleh karena itu DIY ekstra turbin angin dapat berguna untuk hari-hari ketika angin tidak terlalu aktif.

Una parte del servizio andrà in onda lunedì 6 luglio 2009 alle ore 18,50 su Rai2 (RaiSportPiù, canale 227 di Sky e sul digitale terrestre), parte di un’intervista rivolta a Marco Pennesi nell’ambito della gara sarà invece trasmessa su Rai2 (Rai Sport) all’una di notte tra mercoledì e giovedì 10 luglio, mentre la seconda parte dell’intervista sarà trasmessa su Rai2 nel corso della trasmissione Numero 1 il giorno venerdì 12 luglio alle ore 18.

Capisco pienamente il dissenso di alcuni commentatori, ma vorrei evidenziare l’altra faccia della medaglia di questo evento: non è da considerarsi come attrattiva turistica (lo può essere ma non ha una massa critica interessante) ma è da considerarsi come un’opportunità per mettere in mostra la cantieristica navale sambenedettese che partecipa a questo evento non solo ospitandolo ma gareggiando anche con un’imbarcazione ed un cantiere navale che sta investendo molto sia in termini di prestazioni che in termini di ecosostenibilità.

Non hai occhi per costatare che, a parte il passatempo di qualcuno(non mi risulta che esista un mercato di barche off-shore) , la “cantieristica” sambenedettese si risolve tutta nella semplice e limitativa attività di rimessaggio stagionale, svolta peraltro in ambienti malsani(vedi l’eternit) o in capannoni fatiscenti,(vedi i teli strappati e le lamiere dei tetti attaccate alle travi con lo sputo), sporchi, e assolutamente fuori ogni norma di sicurezza’

@mattè: è notizia di questo giornale la vincita di bandi per finanziare progetti innovativi nell’ambito della cantieristica navale, inoltre ad esempio il cantiere metamarine produce imbarcazioni offshore derivate dal powerboat; sicuramente non è un giro d’affari enorme chiamiamolo di nicchia ma ha una cassa di risonanza che può giovare al’immagine del settore.

Fonte: www.sambenedettoggi.it

Le azioni di Goldman Sachs oscillano invece in prossimita’ dei livelli di ieri, dopo che la banca ha registrato utili e ricavi superiori alle stime.

Da parte sua Johnson & Johnson’s ha riportato un calo degli utili nel secondo trimestre rispetto all’anno precedente (il risultato netto di $1.15 per azione e’ di $0.04 migliore del consensus), ma ha fatto meglio delle attese, anche sul fronte del fatturato (calato del 7.4% anno su anno a $15.24 miliardi, dato che si confronta con i $15.02 miliardi previsti dal consensus) e i titoli ne traggono giovamento scambiando in rialzo di oltre l’1.5%.

Citigroup sale del 6%, General Electric, il maggiore produttore di motori per aerei, di turbine energetiche e di carte di credito private al mondo, accelera di oltre il 2% a $11.70.

In un intervento tenuto in Arabia Saudita, il segretario al Tesoro Timothy Geithner ha detto che “sembra realistico attendersi una ripresa graduale, con qualcosa di piu’ dei consueti alti e bassi e inversioni di rotta momentanee”.

Fonte: www.wallstreetitalia.com

Mascherato fra altre iniziative di carattere economico il governo ha finalmente fatto passare il suo tentativo di resurrezione dell’energia nucleare, accompagnato da scandalose norme che affidano al governo le decisioni, coperte dal segreto di stato, sulla localizzazione e costruzione di centrali e depositi di scorie radioattive, che prevedono l’intervento dell’esercito per fermare eventuali proteste e che prevedono compensi in denaro per chi accetta centrali o depositi nucleari, la tradizionale monetizzazione per i rischi di sicurezza e di salute..

Il calore che si libera viene trasferito ad una massa di acqua sotto pressione a circa 150 atmosfere e circa 300 gradi che circola in un circuito primario di tubazioni, e viene poi trasferito ad altra acqua (circuito secondario) che si trasforma a sua volta in vapore e fa girare le turbine del generatore di elettricità.

Già le poche cose dette indicano che il reattore, il circuito delle turbine, gli impianti di presa e di circolazione dell’acqua di raffreddamento, sono grosse strutture, del volume di circa un milione di metri cubi, che contengono una massa di cemento, acciaio e materiali vari di circa un milione di tonnellate.

La centrale deve essere installata in una zona dove è disponibile molta acqua di raffreddamento (dato lo stato e la portata dei nostri fiumi, l’unica soluzione è data dall’uso dell’acqua di mare), su suolo geologicamente stabile e senza rischi di terremoti: i due reattori in costruzione, quello finlandese e quello francese, sono in due promontori di rocce granitiche in riva al mare.

Fonte: www.peacelink.it

Il mandorlo cresceva, tra l’annosa compagnia
di faggi, solo, ma contento del suo fragile stato.
Lieve, quasi tinto di rosa, al sole riluceva,
nel verde smeraldino d’un bel prato.
Quando improvviso il sibilar del vento
squassa nelle radici la foresta, l’acque del rio
tracimano le sponde… il mandorlo, divelto
dal turbine violento, piega la testa e muore
spargendo i suoi bei fiori in tutto il prato…

Scendevan le sue foglie quasi con volo stanco.
Quasi provasser nel cadere orrore,
come se un lieve ed ultimo pudore
le trattenesse a perdersi nel suolo.
Pensavan alle rosate già sepolte aurore,
al profumo dei fiori, allo splendore del cielo.
E sognavano trilli di usignuolo, lente
cadendo nell’immota pace, fremiti d’ali
in armonie di voli … mentre la terra, sotto,
dall’uomo incolta, umida e nera,
le accoglieva nel suo sen ferace,
per poi mutarle in viole a primavera…

Paolo Santangelo

Sulzer continua a risentire della crisi economica: nel primo semestre il gruppo industriale zurighese ha registrato un calo del 31,3% a 1,57 miliardi di franchi (2,265 miliardi nel 2008) delle nuove commesse rispetto allo stesso periodo dell’anno scorso, rende noto oggi la società.

Al peggioramento della congiuntura si sono aggiunti per il periodo in rassegna effetti negativi dei cambi e delle acquisizioni, in assenza dei quali la flessione delle nuove commesse avrebbe raggiunto il 29,2% a fine giugno.

Dal 24 giugno scorso, Sulzer ha avviato a livello di tutte le divisioni una programma per la riduzione dei costi al fine di adeguarsi al calo della domanda.

Nei particolari, la divisione Sulzer Chemtech, attiva negli equipaggiamenti destinati all’industria chimica, del petrolio e del gas, ha subito la più forte contrazione delle nuove commesse, scese del 47,5% a 244,9 milioni.

Fonte: ticinonews.ch

sistem listrik

Tenaga angin adalah salah satu bentuk yang paling efektif dan energi alternatif semakin kurang dan lebih murah setiap tahun. Namun sistem listrik turbin angin Sistem Listrik hunian kit masih Penghemat Energi mahal bagi sebagian besar rumah tangga dan menemukan tempat untuk membeli mereka dapat cukup tantangan. Itu sebabnya Anda benar-benar lebih baik untuk membangun sistem Anda sendiri. Anda akan menghemat Sistem Listrik ribuan dolar sementara masih mencapai sama seperti hasil penghematan daya yang baik.

Namun dengan membangun dan memasang sebuah turbin angin sendiri menggunakan kit download Anda dapat membuat dan menjalankan dan menyimpan listrik dalam jumlah yang signifikan setiap bulan untuk kurang dari . Semua komponen yang diperlukan dapat dibeli dari toko-toko hardware dan elektronik-menemukan tempat untuk membeli bagian-bagian yang tidak sulit sama sekali. Jika Anda khawatir tentang keamanan dan keandalan buatan sendiri satu jangan Asalkan Anda mengikuti petunjuk dengan tepat hasil akhirnya akan terlihat profesional handal besar di Penghemat Listrik pembangkit listrik dan yang paling penting aman.

Lain hal yang baik tentang penggunaan Penghemat Listrik kit cetak biru yang dapat diunduh adalah bahwa banyak Alat Penghemat Listrik dari mereka sering menampilkan rincian petunjuk dan diagram untuk membuat sebuah sistem panel surya Sistem Listrik juga. Menggabungkan turbin angin dan energi matahari dan Anda akan mampu memangkas biaya listrik Anda dengan jumlah besar. Ambil ini satu langkah lebih jauh dan menggabungkan kedua dengan kebiasaan penghematan daya yang baik seperti lampu dan pemanas switching off ketika mereka sedang tidak diperlukan dan Anda bisa berpotensi sampai ke tahap di mana Anda benar-benar menghasilkan kelebihan listrik. Ini kemudian dapat diberi makan kembali ke jaringan utama dan sistem listrik perusahaan utilitas Anda akan membayar uang daripada Anda harus membayar mereka.

 Storage Tank.

Volume of a small tank may be half or  1 cubic meter, but in the tank farm for petroleum  it can be thousands cubic meter. Geometrically, storage tank designed as cylindrical, spherical or cubical. To prevent liquid inside tank from rain water, tank need roof. There are 2 type of large cylindrical tank roof. Fix roof as conical or dome roof  and floating type roof. Floating roof will eliminate or minimize volume of vapor of liquid to be stored such as gasoline. Floating roof is equipped with flexible hose to prevent accumulated rain water on the roof and flows it to ground through nozzle. But sometime, fix roof also combined with floating deck. The purpose of floating deck is similar with floating roof to minimize volume of vapor. This fixed roof shall have adequate ventilation to prevent accumulation of vapor in between floating deck to roof in case of any leakage from floating roof, even small.

In medium capacity, storage tank made from nonmetal such as GRP or steel depend on the services. Large capacity storage tank made from steel and painted except stainless steel. For hydrocarbon services, storage tank designed as per standard such as API. API-650 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage and API 620 Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tanks.

A lot of variable shall be used in mechanical design for tank, such as liquid specific gravity, maximum liquid level, tank high, tank diameter, material specification to be used, fabrication and inspection method, roof type, effect of wind and effect of earthquake. Those variables are covered in API 650. If we have familiar and well known to use each variable on excel sheet, than we can also use software such as E-tank to make work easier.

Large storage tank as per API 650 constructed at field. This tank made from prefabricated steel plates. Prefabrication of steel plate may be at shop or at field. One by one of prefabricated plates to be lifted by crane and then to be fitted and welded until to the top of tank shell. Tank roof also made and constructed similar with the tank shell, but need temporary support before roof is completed.

VESSEL

Vessel is general term as closed space and quite large volume, such as ship or cargo box. But in this case, vessel is a pressurized closed space with steel wall or other strong materials. If there is nothing inside except fluid to be serviced itself without any reaction when operate, this process equipment named drum. If there are any reaction when operate, named reactor or exchanger. If there are exchanger tubes inside and will be any heat exchange, named heat exchanger or cooler and if there is catalyst inside and will be any chemical reaction, named reactor, reformer or converter. Name of equipment based on it service or function of process equipment in the plant.   

Process equipment wall that made from cylindrical vessel will contain shell and head or cover at both end of shell. Head or cover may be designed in flat, spherical or elliptical shape. Usually, elliptical head is most preferable because of cost reason. In access to other equipment, vessel is equipped with holes and pipes inserted to wall that named nozzle and for accessing human into vessel, there is manhole with its cover. 

Due to there effect for human and environment, vessel or pressure vessel must be designed, fabricated and inspected follow the codes such as ASME VIII. Design pressure of vessel varies from a kg/cm2 until hundreds kg/cm2. Quite a lot of variables must be use to determine shell and head thickness such as pressure, temperature, material specification, diameter, joining method, inspection method that has covered in the codes.

Vessels need support and fixed to the concrete foundation by anchors bolts or bolted to steel structure. Vertical vessel that installed on the ground usually supported by skirt and for light vessel supported by steel legs and where vessel installed on steel structure supported by lugs or wings. Skirt is made from steel plate with diameter same as vessel diameter. Wind and earthquake factor and any holes on the tall vessel skirt shall be taken account in the design. Buckling effect shall be considered for steel leg support design. Horizontal vessel usually supported by saddles that made from steel plates.

 Piping

In process plant, fluid flows through pipes from one equipment to each other, except flows through open channel such as drainage or sewer. Pipe is connected to equipment and piping system components by flanges, welded or threaded. There are some piping system components; pipe itself, pipe fittings, flanges, valves, strainers, pipe supports, spring support or spring hanger.

Piping design shall be accordance with codes and standards such as ANSI/ASME. For example ANSI/ASME B31.1 Power Piping, ANSI/ASME B31.3 Process Piping, ANSI/ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping System and other standard or code for other purpose piping system. Pipe material specification, diameter and thickness of pipe, pipe fittings and valves are has standardized such as in ANSI standards.

Similar with vessel design, there are variables that must be considered in thickness calculation such as pressure, temperature, selected diameter, material specification, joining method, inspection method, piping system purpose that has been covered in the codes. If there are high differences between operating temperature and ambient temperature, pipes will expand and will produce external force and moment in the pipe itself . This additional force and moment will add more stress to pipes if pipe route, pipe support type and arrangement are too rigid. Weight of liquid flows in pipe and weight of pipe itself will also produce bending moment, that mean there is additional stress to pipe. We have to consider those additional stress by selecting and arrange pipe support so that pipe stress shall not higher than calculated stress by codes. For complex piping route, using software will be helpful such as Caesar II. When necessary, pipe hanger or spring support is a choice as flexible support mainly in vertical movement of pipe.

Pump

The purpose of pump to deliver liquid from one place to other place or from one equipment to other equipment in different elevation or in different pressure. There are some type of pump mostly used : reciprocating pump, gear pump, screw pump, diaphragm pump and centrifugal pump.

Reciprocating and gear pump are categorized as positive displacement pump. In positive displacement pump, delivered liquid can not be stopped. When delivered liquid is stopped, in very short period there will be any damages either part of driver, part of pump itself or part of equipment at downstream of the pump whichever is weak. To protect equipment parts from damages, system shall be completed with trip control or pressure releasing equipment such as relieve valve. The advantage of positive displacement pump is almost unlimited discharge pressure, but capacity is limited.

Centrifugal pump is most popular. From home as water pump, fire fighting system to industries. Centrifugal pump is divided into several name based on how impeller handle the liquid. When the liquid flows in axial direction through impeller, named axial pump. When the liquid flows in radial direction through impeller, named centrifugal pump. When liquid flows in between axial and radial direction, named mixed flow pump. To lift up head as specified by process requirement, number of impeller can be more than one in one casing, named multistage centrifugal pump.

Pump design has been standardized by national standards, such as API 610 Centrifugal Pump for General Refinery Services, API 674 Positive Displacement Pumps-Reciprocating, API 675 Positive Displacement Pumps-Controlled Volume and ANSI standards.

 Which appropriate pump type shall be use? It will depend on process requirements. Main variable to be used for selecting pump type are capacity and differential pressure or head. Following chart presents operating range of centrifugal pump. This chart is only for single pump and does not for high speed pump. When necessary, parallel operation is commonly used in process plant.

Pump powered by driver such as electric motor, turbine or engine. Electric motor rotate at constant speed, but turbine and engine have adjustable speed. Selection of driver is depend to total power balance in the plant. If there is a lot of steam as side product, we can use steam turbine. If there is no steam or very limited steam, we can use electric motor. And if there is no steam and electric power we can use diesel engine or gas engine which ever is available.

Pump rotated by driver through coupling. But for small pump, impeller may be directly mounted to motor shaft and pump casing mounted to motor casing. If operating speed of pump should less than driver speed, reducing gear shall be installed between them.

The purpose of compressor is compress gas, air or refrigerant from lower pressure to higher pressure and deliver gas from one equipment or place to other equipment. Almost similar with pump, there are some type of compressor such as centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor, and screw compressor. The differences between pump and compressor, pump handles liquid as incompressible fluid and compressor handles gas as compressible fluid. Ratio of specific gravity (SG) between gas and liquid at atmospheric pressure is around 1/1000.

In the reciprocating compressor, gas is compressed by piston inside cylinder from large volume to smaller volume. Pistons sealed with piston rings. Gas into cylinder and gas out from cylinder controlled by one way valves. In screw compressor, gas is compressed continuously by two precision screw with opposite rotation. Screws sealed with oil for steel screws. In the centrifugal compressor, gas as a mass rotated through impeller and compressed due to centrifugal force to discharge side. Between impeller to impeller and between impeller to ambient sealed with labyrinth, carbon ring, oil seal or gas seal.  

In practical, centrifugal compressor is multistage impeller arranged in one casing or two casing. There is also centrifugal compressor that has some impeller with difference speed mounted in one large gear casing, named Integrally Geared Centrifugal Compressor. Reciprocating compressor also divided into more than one piston or stages. Power from driver or between stages is delivered through coupling with or without reduction gear.

Compressors also have been standardized as minimum requirement such as API 617 Centrifugal Compressor for General Refinery Service, API 618 Reciprocating Compressor for General Refinery Service , API 672 Packaged, Integrally Centrifugal Plant and Instrument Air Compressor for General Refinery Services, API 619 Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressor for General Refinery Services.

The purpose of steam turbine is drive rotating equipment such as pumps, compressors, blowers. Power of steam turbine come from steam where flows through turbine blades and convert the thermal energy to mechanical energy. Decreasing steam pressure or expanding steam volume will decrease the enthalpy or release thermal energy become kinetic energy through nozzle or stationary blades. Kinetic energy to be transfer to turbine blades become mechanical energy through rotor. If steam expanded at nozzle in the front of moving blades and no pressure drop in moving blades, named impulse turbine or Rateau turbine. If steam expanded at both stationary blades and moving blades, named Reaction turbine. And if one nozzle for two Rateau stage which split by stationary blades as flow direction without any pressure drop across stationary  blades, named Curtis turbine.

 In practical, single Curtis turbine applies up to about 2000 kW of power and multistage steam turbine which is combination between Curtis+Rateau stages or Curtis+Rateau stages+Reaction stages or Rateau stages+Reaction stages are available from about 1000 kW up to more than 50 MW for Industrial and up to several hundred MW for Power Plant.

Steam turbines also have been standardized by national standard such as API 611 General Purpose Steam Turbine for Refinery Services and API 612 Special Purpose Steam Turbine for Refinery Services.

TRE METRI DI ALTEZZA – «Tornado Like», progettato da un gruppo di ingegneri russi e ingegnerizzato dalla «Western co», società di San Benedetto del Tronto specializzata nelle tecnologie rinnovabili, è stato presentato a Firenze durante «Lavori verdi», summit sull’energia alternativa voluto dal leader dei Verdi toscani Fabio Roggiolani e al quale hanno partecipato esperti da tutta Europa.

«Funziona ovunque anche dove non c’è troppo vento – spiega Roggiolani – perché è in grado di accelerare l’aria e di creare un effetto tornado ottimo per muovere le turbine e produrre energia».

PRIME MACCHINE DAL 2010 – I test saranno effettuati da un consorzio di aziende hi-tech toscane e marchigiane in collaborazione con l’Università delle Marche e il Cnr di Firenze.

E ancora le «nuove molecole fotovoltaiche» presentate dal Laboratorio europeo di spettrofotometria non lineare dell’Università di Firenze in grado, in un futuro molto prossimo, di centuplicare la potenza di un pannello fotovoltaico.

Fonte: www.corriere.it

There is much I love about Lord of the Rings Online.  The setting, the graphics.  That’s all awesome but I’ve been thinking about what I’d like to see changed or added on.  First off the user interface is ugly and even downloading a new UI doesn’t help all the way because you can’t change the very ugly icons.  I don’t know why its been coded this way or what but why won’t Turbine allow someone to come up with prettier icons.  I remember downloading the very nice icons  for EQ1 from the eq interface site and it just changing the general look by about 200%.  I’d like to see more 3-man instances with more rewards.  It could even be entire sets of gear that is just for looks.  That way you wouldn’t even have to worry about balance and what not.  More crafted items for player houses and yards, more outfits for more originality amongst the players.  Add more facial features, new noses, scars, missing eye, jewelry, piercings, beards and allow the barbers to give nose jobs.  I’ve decided I want the bigger dwarf nose for Beowyf!  It’s more dwarfy!  Currently he has the broken nose look.  A lot of what I’d like to see is just more options.  More options for player looks, more options for player play.  I’d like to see when you forge a level 65 Legendary Item, or identify it you can choose between 5 different styles.  Instead of being stuck with generic lvl 65 1-hand hammer look.  Beowyf wants a hammer that looks like Mjolnir to smash his foes!   Turbine make it so.  MMO Viking gives you until Rohan to make these changes.

I like to take some time every now and then to detail certain parts of MMO Fallout, usually terms and expressions I use, that generates the most feedback from fans. More recently, I’ve had a few questions about my consistently ending certain product articles (Star Wars Galaxies, Age of Conan, Planetside, and several others) with “More on ____’s downward spiral as it appears.” Some of the readers appear to be under the impression that I’m calling the deaths of these MMOs, lovingly pointing out that I have said from day one that I will never predict the death of an MMO.

Well they are right, at least on the last point. When I say downward spiral, I always have facts to back myself up, and I am not always referring to subscriber numbers. Take Funcom for example, who not only cut off 20% of their staff, delayed a non-dated MMO, announced a massive revenue drop, and somehow is still finding the time to develop a free to play kid MMO. When I say Funcom is in a downward spiral, I mean financially that company is in a downward spiral, that changes direction depending on your hemisphere and leads right into the septic tank.

I don’t call death because, to be honest, it’s redundant. Dwindling subscriber numbers? Yes. Financial ruin? Yes. Ponzi Scheme? Stargate Worlds. Calling death on an MMO is akin to calling yourself a soothsayer and predicting that someone would die, but they would have financial gain at some point before they do. Not when they’ll die or what the financial gain is, and all that can be chalked up as everyone dies and, generally, everyone has an income at some point in their lives. Blamo, you’re the most generalized soothsayer in all the land.

It is because of this that I have to give a chuckle at people who look at MMOs and say “See? I told you it would die.” All MMOs will eventually die, yes even World of Warcraft. Most MMOs have an unofficial full time staff who go about predicting month to month that the title will close down, just so they can say “I called it for every month for the past two years, but I was right this month!”

I’m rambling, so back to my point. Mainstream MMOs receive what I call celebrity treatment, in that they are held on life support much longer than most other MMOs (Auto Assault, Tabula Rasa, Dungoen Runners, Asheron’s Call 2, etc). Sony is loved by their fans because they try their hardest to keep MMOs open as long as possible, even if it means keeping the title on life support long after even the gold farmers look at it and say “There’s no market there.” Up until The Matrix Online shut down, if you had told me that Sony was shutting down an MMO, I would have laughed at the idea. Impossible, it seemed.

When Funcom fires 20% of it’s staff and reports double digit revenue loss, I report on it. When Mythic fires 40% of its staff, I report on it. When Codemasters does such a horrible job on Archlord that the developer refuses to allow them to continue publishing and maintaining it in an entire region, I report on that too. I report on the good, and the bad, that is what MMO Fallout is about: The rise and fall; documented. The only time I talk about the deaths of MMOs are in my special “What happened” which I should be publishing several about some games that were cancelled this year.

I don’t call on MMO deaths because it is stupid, arrogant, and should be left to the fanboys and trolls. More on MMO Fallout’s downward spiral as it appears.

208445     เครื่องยนต์กังหันก๊าซ     Gas Turbine

ชนิดของเครื่องยนต์และการทํ างาน วัฎจักรการทํ างานของกังหันก๊าซ การปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพของกังหันก๊าซ เครื่องยนต์กังหันก๊าซที่ใช้กับเครื่องบิน ส่วนควบของเครื่องยนต์กังหันก๊าซ

(Types of engine and working, gas turbine cycle, improve of gas turbine performance, gas turbine for airplane, gas turbine accessory.)

(208445 มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์)

With the bug that players faced during Tuesday night’s Skirmish preview, where most players where not able to try skirmishes, Turbine has decided to open up Bullroarer for the entire weekend (Nov 20-22) for players to log on and try them out!

This was confirmed during LOTRO Reporter’s interview with Sapience, a.k.a. Rick Heaton, Turbine’s Online Community Specialist. Bullroarer will be taken down Friday, Nov 20th, for maintenance, and when it comes back up, your should be good to go for skirmishes.

So there you have it. Transfer your characters, patch up Bullroarer install, and get ready to have some fun!

See you in game!