QUESTION: Can we use through and by to mean the same thing when we’re talking about time?

ANSWER: No. Consider the following three examples:

Example 1:          Their project will continue through the winter.

Example 2:          Their project will be completed by winter.

Example 3:          Their project will be completed by the end of winter.

Examples 1 and 2 are clearly different in meaning. The first means their project will continue during the winter. The second means their project will be completed before winter. Examples 1 and 3 are closer in meaning, yet still remain different. Example 3 is firm about the project coming to its completion at some point before the end of winter. Example 1 fails to specify any information about completion. At most, there may only be an implied idea that the project will be completed around springtime.  

Confusion between through and by is rather easy to settle. However, when one starts to explore the various ways we can express duration, distinctions become less clear. In fact, it seems English offers a number of ways to express the same concept of time. Would you agree that the statements within the two following sets are synonymous?

Set A

Their project will be completed by winter.            

Their project will be completed before winter.

Their project will be completed at some point between now and the start of winter.

Set B

They have until December 1.

They have up to December 1.

They have between now and December 1.

They have from now to December 1.

Do you see any differences between the statements in Set B and the statements in the following Set C?

Set C =

They must finish by December 1.

They must finish before December 1.

Perhaps differences between Sets B and C only exist in register, if not in meaning. Generally, the more abbreviated the grammar, the more informal a statement is. The statements in Set B all answer the unspoken question how much time do they have to finish or to take action? In contrast, the statements in Set C are more explicit. Can we conclude that Set B is more idiomatic and therefore less appropriate in formal English?

In other cases, grammar isn’t abbreviated, but a difference in register is commonly perceived:

“May I have more time to finish my work?”

Example 4:          I’ll give you until Friday.

Example 5:          I’ll give you to Friday. *

“Did you sleep well?”

Example 6:          No, I couldn’t fall asleep until 1 or 2 in the morning.

Example 7:          No, I couldn’t fall asleep till 1 or 2 in the morning. *

*Examples 5 and 7 sound fine to my ears, but a number of sources would likely view these uses of to and till as appropriate for informal spoken English only.

When it comes to having so many structures that can all perform the same job, students may begin to question the value of learning all of them. I’ve argued in favor of variety before, and I’ll do so again now: As students become more advanced, they must embrace variations rather than avoid them. Skillful communication is characterized by having variety in structure, and the understanding of nuances in meaning, register, or another aspect increases the accuracy and effectiveness of a communicator.

Nigeria and Wolfsburg striker Obafemi Martins is to undergo surgery on his shin that will rule him out of action until at least the New Year…. From BBC News. Full story

This site may contain information about: soccer camp. The blog is also related to: french soccer.

URL : http://www.flashgame-girl.com/Puzzle-board/Cinderella-Until-the-Stroke-of-Midnight.html

Game description :

Help Cinderella find the required things before the time runs out!

Game controls :

Use mouse to interact.

YES! You heard me! Not long left until Christmas 2009, so why not make a countdown leading up to the big day, in Flash?

Watch this video tutorial for more details:

Here’s the code:

this.onEnterFrame = function(){ var today:Date = new Date();
var currentYear = today.getFullYear();
var currentTime = today.getTime();
var targetDate:Date = new Date(currentYear,11,25);
var targetTime = targetDate.getTime(); var timeLeft = targetTime - currentTime;
var sec = Math.floor(timeLeft/1000); var min = Math.floor(sec/60);
var hours = Math.floor(min/60);
var days = Math.floor(hours/24); sec = String(sec % 60); if(sec.length < 2){ sec = "0" + sec; } min = String(min % 60); if(min.length < 2){ min = "0" + min; } hours = String(hours % 24); if(hours.length < 2){ hours = "0" + hours; } days = String(days); var counter:String = days + ":" + hours + ":" + min + ":" + sec; time_txt.text = counter; }

You can learn to also modify the countdown date at:
http://mytutorialz.isgreat.org/tutorials/extend/flashcountdowntimer.html

Thanks!

Blondie, Donna Summer and Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons have all been confirmed for the 2009 Seaside Summer Concert Series and the Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Concert Series in Brooklyn, NY.

Hall & Oates, Pat Benatar, The O’Jays, Robin Thicke, Keyshia Cole, Teena Marie, Sean Paul, Gladys Knight and Anita Baker will also perform throughout the series, which runs until August 27.

The seaside shows will be held every Thursday 7:30 pm at Asser Levy/Seaside Park at West 5th Street and Surf Avenue in Brighton Beach. Chair rentals will be available for $5 or concertgoers can bring their own chairs.

Martin Luther King Jr. concerts will be held Monday nights at 7:30 pm at Wingate Field on Brooklyn Avenue.

The lineup is:

July 16
Salute to 40th anniversary of Woodstock: Creedence Clearwater Revisited, Mountain, John Sebastian

August 24
Caribbean Night – Sean Paul, “King of Calypso” The Mighty Sparrow

RAWR biatches.

sooooo I’ve started something new. YAY! well, I’ve started a few new things, but only one major new thing… a new blog =D haha now I betcha’ll thinking what the ****

dont worry. this is has absolutely nothing about me on it, its not some crazy hormonal ginger ninja fan girls rantings. OH NO!

this one, is a story. I have no idea how long I’m gonna stick at it but I DO plan on writing a few paragraphs every single day and working it up from their. who knows… maybe I’ll get famous… yeah fricken right… lol.

http://theliesbeneath.wordpress.com/

but I can hope…

so then, the second thing i’ve done is started supporting a charity. YEAH BABY! I guess if I’m gonna blog about loadsa useless jizz i might at least make an effort at doing something good, even if it’s not realy any help at all… it’s the effort that counts right?

so, please, i’ll only ask once… until i forget I asked, then i’ll ask again… please check it out! plus, it realy is something that means something to me ;p

xfactor laters… y’all ready for some hotass Jedward action? I know I am… God now I just can’t help loving them… I still plan on making out to people that I can’t stand them though… you know… just to keep some ounce of coolness…

so, until we meet again…

Xx

heya peoplessssss. I’m just on here right now, writing this blog, making sure none of you start getting worried about me… Don’t worry, I AM still alive. And I’d like to appolagise for the lack of Bloggage yesterday.

I was up to other things.But I’m here now, and thats the important thing. Have to say, I’ m freaking loving this weather. I bet most people are sat inside thinking shit, the end is nigh or something crap like that but I’m realy loving it.

To me, its realy cheerful and refreshing. It’s like a new start… ish. Blowing all the crap away so I can start again. YAY!

I have to go out in a little bittle to get some food. And I have some bullshit family thing on later, but I don’t plan on going. For a start, my family don’t even like me (which you know, means I have a shit life and can’t ever be happy ) and second, they’re having chinease. BLEH! chinease food is rank. I’m soory, but I just can’t stand it. it looks nasty, it smells nasty and it tastes the nastiest.

Plus, why should I treck out when they never bother to come and see me, when I can just watch X Factor?!

WoW its so freaking dark outside right now. Just sat waiting for the heavy rain and winds. c’mon c’mon c’mon.

Y’all blates think i’ve losted it. don’t worry, I losted it a long time ago…

Until we meet again people. Xx

Is there such a thing as being European and how does that sense of identity compare with your sense of national identity?

My picture-taking and picture-making

are as different as day and night. I

take my pictures quite unconsciously.

I see them in my mind and. . .

it is done without thinking. I feel the

exposure. My only concern is to

be ready for that moment of truth,

always ready to grasp it quickly

before it’s gone, or to wait

patiently until that split-second when it appears.

Nell Dorr

(1895-1988)

American Photographer 

wowy, i feel so damn retarded right now… only I could be the sort of idiot who would get white highlights.

yeah, you heard… read? correct. white highlights. and dont worry, its not as bad as you’re probably thinking, it was just sucha waste of money… you can’t ACTUALLY see them in my hair at all… :S

so i feel like a complete plank paying for them in the first place… i thought they’d make a difference… sad times.

so… free house last night… kinda… my brother was home but he was on xbox and then went to bed… i was awake for AGES… we had a power cut… it was mega creepy, i loved it… lol.

my ipod died today, so i’ve put it in the freezer. i know, i know, that sounds completely stupid, but it seriously works… i actually contacted apple once when my ipod stopped working and their TECHNICAL ADVISOR actually just said to put it in one of the airtight bags that you put your sammiges in and freeze it for 24 hours… it worked. somehow, thought, i have this kinda feeling that that isnt goinna work this time.

im hoping it does though, cuz i dont feel like my parents are gonna be to happy if i ask for a new ipod. not that they’d EVER say no to that, cuz, you know, music is so important to me… they know what im like when i dont got music playing…

anyhoobles, im off…

untill we meet again…

When you buy our product, we will give you stamp which means our signature.

Buy again in the 5 times, you will get 1 of our product free and it able in the same day

You can start using our voucher starting tomorrow at 11.00 am until our Grand-Opening which at 31 October 2009

So what are you waiting for??!

Come and Enjoy!!

MG sports car production in Longbridge has stopped and will not resume until the spring, the plant’s Chinese owners confirm…. From BBC News. Full story

This site may contain information about: china manufacturers. For a different topic see compare us cities temperature. The blog is also related to: china tours.

Home is where Microtel is in exciting Boracay Island

Microtel Boracay is a beachfront Boracay Hotel in Diniwid Beach that brings international-standard hotel accommodation to the premier resort island of Boracay, Philippines.

With consistently clean, comfortable rooms with rates that start at $54 per night and world-recognized hotel facilities, the Microtel Inn and Suites Resort Hotel in Boracay lends unmatched comfort to Boracay beach holidays, complementing the tropical vibe that Boracay Island is famous for.

Sitting on Diniwid Beach north of Boracay Boat Station 1, Microtel Inn and Suites brings to its doorstep the white sand beaches, water sport activities, tropical beach night life, and other island adventures available in Boracay Beach.

Each day of fun and relaxation at Microtel Boracay is guaranteed with rest-conducive Microtel Boracay hotel rooms and facilities, where guests will see that the comfort of home is possible to have in exciting Boracay Island.

The Microtel Inn and Suites Hotel in Boracay offers the following facilities and services:

* Swimming pool

* Restaurant

* Meeting room

* Non-smoking rooms

* Handicapped accessible room

* Wireless internet access in the lobby

* Internet kiosk

* 24-hour vending area

* Free unlimited coffee at the lobby

* Safety deposit box available at the Front Desk

* Photocopy, fax and mailing services

Na początek kilka słów wytłumaczenia – przez weekend miałam reinstalkę windowsa, więc nie było możliwości nic dodać… do tego tak mnie to rozleniwiło, że zamiast pisać notki na zapas, zabrałam się za czytanie kilku nowych mang ;] No co? Chciałam się zrelaksować xD  Zdecydowanie dwie z nich wywarły na mnie bardzo dobre wrażenie - “Barajou no Kiss” (istna rewelka jeśli chodzi o kreskę, a i fabuła jest ok Do tego Ci bishoneni awwww~) oraz znane i popularne “Gakuen Alice”, które jakoś nie mogłam wcześniej ruszyć (a jeśli jest się fanem CCS, to zdecydowanie warto! Podobieństwo jest dość spore. Jedynie kreska jest trochę nietypowa, ale szybko się przyzwyczaimy ).

Tym sposobem z braku zapału do czegokolwiek innego, postanowiłam dziś dodać piosenkę (tłumaczenie mnie relaksuje xD). Wybór padł na wolny i nastrojowy utworek będący insertem w Tears to Tiara. Od momentu kiedy go usłyszałam w anime, jestem po prostu zaczarowana ^^ Kiedy leci mi na słuchawkach, rano, w zatłoczonym autobusie do szkoły, mam wrażenie jakby wszystkie problemy odpływały, jakby należało się cieszyć tym co jest “tu” i “teraz” i nie przejmować tym co będzie “później” Zdecydowanie ma na mnie bardzo zbawienny wpływ

Tłumaczyło mi się całkiem przyjemnie  (zresztą tekst jest naprawdę ładny!) Z jednym fragmentem miałam tylko drobny kłopot – chodzi o frazę “susuki no umi”. “Umi” to “morze”, a “susuki”? Jest to japońska trawa pampasowa (pampasy to takie bezkresne morza traw ^^) zwana też Srebrną Trawą. Idąc po nitce do kłębka, udało mi się dojść do tego, dlaczego w angielskim przekładzie jest “Eulalia sea”! Eulalia to po prostu inna nazwa tej trawy – zresztą możecie to sobie zobaczyć TUTAJ ;] Postanowiłam zostawić to słówko bo fajnie brzmi i pasuje wydźwiękiem do serii fantasy takiej jak TtT

Btw pewnie myślicie sobie, że jestem dziwna, że piszę wam tu o takich głupotach, ale moja ciekawska natura czasami bierze górę i za chiny nie mogę się powstrzymać, żeby się nie dowiedzieć “jak?”, “po co?”, “dlaczego?” xD Musicie mi to wybaczyć, a póki co zapraszam do słuchania i śpiewania ;]]]

RENA UEHARA – UNTIL

Kikoe masu ka boku no koe ga
Kimi no koto wo sotto omou kisetsu ga tsuduku
Sore ha kesshite kanashii mono janaku tsuyokute yasashii
Konna konna tooi basho kara utatteru yo

Kimi no koto ga wasure rarenai
Boku ha otona ni natte kodomo ni natteku
Itsuka doko ka de deaeru hi nado konai hou ga ii yo
Kitto ano hi mitai koi shite shimau

Koganeiro ni hikaru susuki no umi
Mitsumeteita ano toki no kimi no yokogao

Sore ha hakanai toki no naka de mieta eien no you sa
Konna boku ni oshiete kureta ano kimochi wo

Kimi no koto wo wasurenai yo
Boku ha ironna hito to deatteku kedo
Itsuka doko ka de omoide no naka warau kimi ga iru yo
Zutto kawaranai yo boku no kokoro ni

Soshite boku ha hateshinai kono tabi wo tsudukeru
Omoide tachi wo yasashii uta ni kaete

Kimi no koto ga wasure rarenai
Boku ha otona ni natte kodomo ni natteku
Itsuka doko ka de deaeru hi nado konai hou ga ii yo
Mada kimi no koto wo wasurenai yo
Boku ha ironna hito to deatteku kedo
Itsuka doko ka de omoide no naka warau kimi ga iru yo
Zutto kawaranai yo boku no kokoro ni

RENA UEHARA – DO CZASU

Czy słyszysz mój wołający głos?
Pory roku się zmieniają, a ja w sekrecie myślę o Tobie
Nie jest to coś smutnego, ale potężne i pełne czułości
Śpiewam dla Ciebie z miejsca tak daleko daleko stąd

Nigdy Cię nie zapomnę,
Ani jako dorosła, ani jako dziecko
Pewnego dnia możemy się ponownie spotkać, ale mam nadzieję, że ta chwila nie nadejdzie,
Ponieważ wtedy na pewno znowu się w Tobie zakocham

Złota, oślepiająca światłość, błyszczy od morza Eulalia
Tamten moment, kiedy przyglądałam się profilowi Twojej twarzy

W tamtej ulotnej chwili myślałam, że poznałam znaczenie wieczności
To Ty nauczyłeś mnie tego uczucia

Nigdy Cię nie zapomnę,
Nawet po poznaniu tak wielu ludzi
Nie ważne gdzie, nie ważne kiedy, Twój uśmiech będzie trwał w moich myślach
Na zawsze, moje serce pozostanie niezmienione

Więc robię kolejny krok w podróży do wieczności
Wspomnienia zmieniają się w łagodną melodię

Nigdy Cię nie zapomnę,
Ani jako dorosła, ani jako dziecko
Pewnego dnia możemy się ponownie spotkać, ale mam nadzieję, że ta chwila nie nadejdzie,
Pomimo tego, nigdy Cię nie zapomnę,
Nawet po poznaniu tak wielu ludzi
Nie ważne gdzie, nie ważne kiedy, Twój uśmiech będzie trwał w moich myślach
Na zawsze, moje serce pozostanie niezmienione

Download:
Tears to Tiara – Rena Uehara – Until

Cheers! :*

These are based on the type of work I am interested in, i.e. scientific programming: you won’t see much about character strings in this post since we are mostly interested in numbers!

These can all be directly typed in the BASH prompt. Semicolons basically indicate the start of a new statement: you may put them in separate lines; and in that case, do not put the semicolon between the statements typed in different lines.

1. The basic
Print the sum of two integers: $ echo $((2+3))
The two pairs of parentheses interpret them as numbers. You can also use square brackets (just a single pair): $echo $[2+3]. For floating point numbers use bc.

Variable substitutions may be done as
$ num1=10; num2=20; echo $(($num1+$num2))
(no space between the equality sign and the variable/number)

2. Conditional block: arithmetic conditional operators are eq, lt, le, gt and ge:

$ i=10; j=20; if [ $i -lt $j ]; then echo "$i<$j? True"; fi
$ i=$RANDOM;j=$RANDOM; if [ $i -lt $j ]; then echo "i=$i is less than j=$j"; else echo "i=$i is NOT less than j=$j";fi
($RANDOM equals a random number at each invocation)

Notice the  spaces between the square brackets and the expression within it.

3. Array:
Assignment: $ arr=(10 11 12)
which is the same as $ arr[0]=10; arr[1]=11; arr[2]=12

Following constructs show how you can actually access the array (link)

$ echo ${arr[2]}  # The 3rd element of the array
$ echo ${arr[*]}  # All of the items in the array
$ echo ${!arr[*]} # All of the indexes in the array
$ echo ${#arr[*]} # Number of items in the array
$ echo ${#arr[0]} # Length of item zero


4. For loop

$ for (( c=1; c<=5; c++ )); do echo "c = $c"; done            # C-style
$ for c in 1 2 3 4 5; do echo "c = $c"; done                  # List
$ arr=(1 2 3 4 5); for c in ${arr[*]}; do echo "c = $c"; done # Explicit array
$ for c in {1..5}; do echo "c = $c"; done                     # 1 thru' 5 with unit intervals
$ for c in {0..10..2}; do echo "c = $c"; done                 # 0 thru' 10 with interval=2


5. While and until loops
$ c=0; while [ $c -lt 10 ]; do echo "c = $c"; let c++; done
You may replace “let c++” by “((c++))”.

$ c=20; until [ $c -lt 10 ]; do echo "c = $c"; let c--; done

6. User input
Use read command to read in user input, e.g.
$ echo "Enter two integers"; read num1 num2; echo "$num1+$num2=$((num1+num2))"
In the second echo statement, when num1 and num2 are not enclosed within two pairs of parentheses they are treated as character strings, whereas in the last part the double parentheses cause them to be treated as numbers.

N.B. You may put a line break between do or then and the statement that immediately follows it.

Reference: link.

The Philippines’ leading domestic carrier, Cebu Pacific (CEB), brings Christmas early to Filipinos with an P888 ‘Go Lite’ seat sale to any domestic destination from September 26-30, 2009. Those with check-in luggage will just add P100 upon booking.

Travel period is from November 1- December 31, 2009.

The seat sale covers all CEB domestic destinations, including sought-after tourist spots such as Kalibo (Boracay), Busuanga and Puerto Princesa (Palawan) and Siargao.

CEB also flies to Cauayan, Calbayog and Catarman, and from Cebu to Legazpi, General Santos, Roxas and Cotabato.

“Increased local travel can definitely benefit the tourism and economy of the 32 domestic destinations CEB flies to. Companies can have out-of-town Christmas parties; friends and families can go on leisure travel before the Christmas rush. We hope our passengers can explore the possibilities for travel this November and December,” said CEB VP for Marketing and Distribution Candice Iyog.

“This seat sale can also be booked online and paid via our payment centers. This new option in our website is specifically for those who have no credit cards or prefer to pay in cash,” she added.

Passengers can book their flights via www.cebupacificair.com or reservations hotlines (02) 7020-888 or (032) 230-8888, and pay through CEB ticketing offices, online, or via ATM or over the counter in partner banks.

Partner banks include Robinsons Savings Bank, Banco de Oro and Metrobank (for over the counter payments), and Bancnet and Megalink members (for ATM payments).

Gokongwei-owned airline, CEB, has flown over 36 million passengers since its inception in 1996. It flies passengers to its extensive network both here and abroad from Manila, Clark, Cebu and Davao, using the youngest fleet of aircraft in the Philippines.

On the SaLthePromoter.com Guest List:

All Guests Free Until 11 pm.

Contact: SaLtheP@gmail.com

♫ : Yeah Yeah Yeahs

Dance Until You’re Dead

The lowest airfare to Boracay! P350 one-way all-in from Manila to Boracay. Offer good until October 15, 2009.

Wondering how to get to Boracay? Worried about how much a Boracay airfare might cost? Wonder and worry no more. Seair has daily Boracay flights to Caticlan from three major destinations in the Philippines—Clark, Manila and Cebu. The fastest way to fly to Boracay, Seair offers both world-class service and a very affordable Boracay airfare.

Once your Boracay flight has landed in Caticlan, you are minutes away from paradise. From Caticlan, it’s just a short tricycle ride to the pier and a 20-minute boat ride to White Beach on Boracay. Very fast and very convenient.

Fly with Seair and avail of fast flights and inexpensive Boracay airfare by booking online.

ABOUT SEAIR

Renowned for its “paradise-to-paradise” destinations, SEAIR has now flown almost 3 million passengers to 17 local tourist destinations. One of the most popular airlines in the Philippines, SEAIR offers the fastest flights to Boracay as well as flights to most destinations in Palawan including Puerto Princesa and El Nido. SEAIR is also one of the airlines in the Philippines who are paving the way for the development of the tourism sector by pioneering new and exciting destinations.

Philippine’s airlines SEAIR is known for its world-class service and dedication to passengers. For this reason, it offers affordable airline tickets to Philippines’ destinations. So for your next flight to the Philippines, be sure to check out SEAIR—probably the fastest way to experience the beauty of the islands.

For affordable airline tickets to the Philippines, or if you want to experience flying with one of the best leisure airlines in the Philippines, call SEAIR reservations at 8490100. You can also book online for your convenience.

Uncertainty has become so great as to render futile, if not counterproductive, the kind of planning most companies still practice: forecasting based on probabilities.

Unique events have no probability. Yet executives have to make decisions that commit to the future current resources of time and money. Worse, they have to make decisions not to commit resources—to forgo the future. The lengths of such commitments are steadily growing: in strategy and technology, marketing, manufacturing, employee development, in the time it takes to bring a new plant on steam or in the years until a commitment to a store location pays for itself. Every such commitment is based on assumptions about the future. To arrive at them, traditional planning asks, “what is most likely to happen?” Planning for uncertainty asks instead, “What has already happened that will create the future?”

The first place to look is in demographics. There have been two revolutionary changes in the workforce of developed countries: the explosion of advanced education and the rush of women into careers outside the home. Both are accomplished facts. The shift from blue-collar labor to knowledge and service workers as the centers of population gravity is irrevocable. But so is the aging of both the workforce and population.

Business people need to ask: “What do these accomplished facts mean for our business? What opportunities do they create? What threats? What changes do they demand in the ways the business is organized and run, in our goals, in our products, in our services, in our policies? And what changes do they make possible and likely to be advantageous?”

The next question is: “What changes in industry and market structure, in basic values (e.g., the emphasis on the environment), and in science and technology have already occurred but have yet to have full impact?” It is commonly believed that innovations create changes—but very few do. Successful innovations exploit changes that have already happened. They exploit the time lag—in science, often twenty-five or thirty years—between the change itself and its perception and acceptance. During that time the exploiter of the change rarely faces much, if any, competition. The other people in the industry still operate on the basis of yesterday’s reality. And once such a change has happened, it usually survives even extreme turbulence.

My Consultancy–Asif J. Mir - Management Consultant–transforms organizations where people have the freedom to be creative, a place that brings out the best in everybody–an open, fair place where people have a sense that what they do matters. For details please visit www.asifjmir.com, Line of Sight