Yes, I’m still moaning about the lack of time I find to get anything done. Couple of quick links.

James Randi on Uri Geller, summing things up nicely. The guy’s made a decades-long career out of convincing people that he does real, genuine, no-foolin’ magic using psychic alien powers and no trickery whatever. If he’s now claiming to be an illusionist relying on natural means, he’s a disingenuous twat. Randi put it more eloquently.

And when I go home for Christmas, I’m going to have to remember to try out at least some of Richard Wiseman’s quirky science tricks.

And that’s everything that happened today.

Say it like it is Randi

Ruth

MICHAEL JACKSON, 1958-2009: A MUSICAL GENIUS

Ruth Rikowski has written a substantial new article on Michael Jackson. She analyses the nature of his phenomenal talent, his personal life and personae and the social forces making for the tragedy of his ultimate demise. Ruth draws some parallels between the life and genius of Michael Jackson and Mozart.

You can read Ruth’s article on Michael Jackson at: http://www.flowideas.co.uk/?page=articles&sub=Michael%20Jackson 

If you scroll to the end of the article there is a ‘Print Friendly’ option for better viewing

Glenn Rikowski

Καμία φαντασία σ’ αυτή τη χώρα. Ούτε μια φάρσα της προκοπής. Για δεύτερη συνεχόμενη βραδιά τηλεφώνημα για βόμβα στον Αντ1 και διακοπή της live μετάδοσης. Βγαίνουν, παίρνουν τον αέρα τους και ξαναμπαίνουν. Κι αυτός ο Uri Geller να μην μπορεί να προβλέψει ότι είναι φάρσα; Λες να τον τεστάρουν οι τηλεθεατές;

Ας το κάνουν και δυο κανάλια παραπέρα στον Χαρδαβέλα που περιμένει εναγωνίως τη συντέλεια του κόσμου το 2012, να πιάσει τόπο. Μπορώ να φανταστώ το ύφος του: “Ξεκινάει το τέλος του κόσμου τρία χρόνια νωρίτερα!”. Τι εμμονή κι αυτή η τηλεόραση στις σαχλαμάρες…

]]> http://cubiksrube.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/spoon-bending/ Sat, 07 Nov 2009 16:54:32 +0000 cubiksrube http://cubiksrube.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/spoon-bending/

There are two methods you can use to bend spoons. (They both work just as well on forks, keys, and a variety of other objects, usually small and metallic. Spoons are traditional.)

The first one is to be psychic and use your magic psychic powers. Much distorted cutlery has been presented as the result of claimed paranormal abilities. Uri Geller, for example, has made a decades-long career out of doing almost literally nothing else. You can just tap into some strange cosmic energy, and alter the state of matter through the sheer force of your will, according to your desires. You can harness this inexplicable artefact of nature, a phenomenon as yet unexplained by science, the potential of which has ramifications beyond imagining for the socio-economic development of our species, and use it to make your kitchenware go a bit wonky.

That’s one way.

The other way is to just hold a spoon and bend it. Using your hands.

The second way is much easier.

But, as I’m sure you’ve noticed, simply using obvious brute force renders the whole activity rather pointless. Because this method is so easy, it’s also deeply unimpressive. Anyone can bend a spoon, after all – but it takes someone quite special to be able to bend a spoon with only the power of their mind.

Which leads us to a question brimming with potential and overflowing with possibilities. Suppose you used the second method of bending a spoon, and just brought your arm muscles into play to give it a bit of a twist, but then – and this is the clever bit – you use some cunning misdirection of some sort, and dress it up as an example of the first method, to make it look like you’re demonstrating psychic powers.

Now wouldn’t that just be a thing.

I’d be surprised if nobody’s thought of this before.

Now, don’t get flustered before I’ve even said anything controversial. All I’m asking you to accept at this point is the simple fact that bending a small metal spoon with your hands is entirely possible, and so is inaccurately claiming that you were using psychic powers to do it. Look, here’s Hugh Laurie doing exactly that:

I’m pretty sure I could do that too, by just bending some spoons and going “Ta-da!” But that doesn’t really prove anything. The above demonstration is, obviously, part of a comedy sketch, and it’s funny because it would only bamboozle a stupid person. It seems fair to ask: could a better version of a similar trick be performed, so that non-idiots would be taken in by it?

Well, I’m going to suggest that it could. And I don’t think this is very controversial, either. If you’re going to disagree at this stage, and argue that nobody possessing the wherewithal not to drool all over themselves could ever possibly be fooled by some sort of trick, and persuaded that a bent spoon hadn’t simply been bent by physical force alone… well, good luck with that in a world where people who still think wrestling is real manage to get dressed in the mornings without help. People are always getting taken in by fake stuff, even intelligent people. If you’re a trusting person, and inclined to believe in psychic powers already, then it doesn’t seem implausible that someone might, in theory, be able to trick you.

For instance, take a look at this guy bending spoons:

That’s Michael Shermer, and he’s definitely using the second method to do it. He’s a skeptic, and he openly admits that he’s doing tricks. But he makes it look pretty good, doesn’t he? If he were to tell you he was using psychic powers, you wouldn’t have to be a complete idiot to believe him. It certainly doesn’t look like he’s just bending things with his hands, at any rate. It looks a lot like things look when people claim to be using the first method, and demonstrating real paranormal abilities.

Even if you think that Shermer’s demonstration isn’t quite as convincing as someone you’ve seen who claims to be genuinely using the first method (the fork thing isn’t all that subtle, for instance), it still seems possible that someone with their mental faculties grossly intact could still be fooled. If Shermer were unscrupulous enough to attach grandiose claims of psychic mastery to his techniques, and maybe hammed up the performance a bit, it could be moderately persuasive. The kind of people who might find it plausible wouldn’t have to be stupid or clueless at all, just like Uri Geller’s millions of fans aren’t all dribbling idiots. A lot of them are adequately functioning members of society.

A number of tricksters like Shermer are out there, bending spoons through non-magical means, and can be found all over YouTube. Many of them take the approach of confessedly bending spoons by the second method alone, and inviting us to marvel at how this can be made to look like the first method. Others will also show us the secrets behind the tricks they’re using, and give an even greater insight into how the effects of the first method can be simulated.

In short, if you put on an act just like these guys show you, you can make it look a lot like you have psychic powers. And not just to stupid people.

All the second method boils down to is “bend the spoon with your hands”, but disguising what you’re doing is where the interesting skills lie. For one thing, it’s important that people aren’t watching your hands too closely while you’re just exerting brute force. Cause a distraction, divert people with some attention-grabbing patter, move your hands somewhere out of sight, point at something else – anything that’ll give you a brief moment where you can give the metal a quick twist, so that when onlookers next see it, the bend is there.

Obviously if they look back to find it suddenly sharply bent, though, it might occur to them that they just missed you doing something devious. This can undermine your magical kudos, but luckily there are plenty of optical effects and quirks you can take advantage of too. If you’re moving the spoon around a lot, it’ll be hard for anyone to tell how bent it actually is, and you might be able to make it look like it’s becoming increasingly curved as they watch, even if it’s staying the same. You can see this sort of effect by holding a pencil horizontally in front of you, near one end, and waggling it up and down. The way the other end flops about will look loose and rubbery. (Try it, and you can really see the effect. Remember, we’re still not talking about stupid people. Even intelligent brains get easily confused by things they weren’t designed to be able to cope with.)

Also, a straight line can look either more or less curved depending on the angle at which you’re looking at it. I suspect that Michael Shermer is using this point to good effect in his final demonstration in the video above. The rod is bent from the time he holds it up, but the bend is held horizontally, in line with the plane on which you’re seeing it, so it still looks flat. The bend comes into view as he rotates it, but he’s making other gestures and telling you to see it bending upwards, so the truth might not be obvious.

Now, although this might all be a jolly interesting exercise, I must add that none of this has any direct bearing on anybody who’s actually using the first method – that is, anyone really bending spoons with genuine psychic powers. That’d be like miming to a Mariah Carey track and expecting Simon Cowell to give you a record deal. They’re not affected by the details of how a similar effect can be faked, because they know that they’re doing something completely different.

But we don’t know that. And these details are extremely relevant to our assessment of performers claiming to use the first method. Shermer could have claimed to possess psychic powers, and it’s not unreasonable to suggest that many people would have believed him – but, because of his honesty, we know that those people would have been mistaken.

Who else might also be mistaken?

It’s not just the case that the second method can look a lot like the first – on top of that, people who claim to be using psychic powers often really seem like they’re doing tricks. Uri Geller may be a good example of this (depending on whether he’s calling what he does “magic” or “mystificationalism” today). This video seems to show him simply bending a spoon while people are distracted from looking at it directly, as well as providing supportive evidence that his broken spoons look like they’ve been bent repeatedly.

And then there’s his famous appearance on The Tonight Show, where he doesn’t bend any cutlery by any process, paranormal or otherwise. This makes sense if we were to assume he’s using the second method: he can’t just blatantly bend them, because that wouldn’t make for an interesting demonstration, and he can’t work with his own props which are designed for this very purpose, so there’s really nothing he can do. It’s harder to reconcile it with the idea of actual psychic abilities, which inconveniently fail to function every time we try to get a good look at them.

So, we have:

- a claimed paranormal phenomenon which is less than paradigm-shattering in its scope to begin with,
- a simple and naturalistic method by which the same effect of this phenomenon can be achieved,
- a plausible set of reasons why this naturalistic method could be mistaken for something more ground-breaking,
- an example of people demonstrating what a powerful illusion this naturalistic method can provide,
- a number of good reasons why certain individuals might be motivated to disguise this non-event as something more remarkable,
- some evidence that the man most commonly associated with this phenomenon could be using exactly these techniques to do just this,
- and a complete lack of verifiable examples of the phenomenon actually taking place in a way that can’t be easily replicated by conjurers or practised amateurs doing tricks.

Let’s stop being impressed by this now.

I am deeply in shock about what i have read some minutes ago. Something very strange came up to my mind while watching a picture which Uri Geller drew for Michael’s Invincible album. This picture was censored by Sony. But anyway, i was surfing on Uri’s website for some additional info about the picture and i found an article where Uri describes how he hypnotized Michael. Michael was asking for it in order to solve his musical block at that time. So the following words are orginally written by Uri Geller. You need to read the original words:

We worked for a few minutes on his musical block, and then I did something I have never done before. I’m not proud of this — in fact, I feel it might have been unethical — but I began to probe deeper into Michael’s mind. I knew of the disturbing rumours that he had bought off a court case with a $20m settlement. My intuition told me he was innocent, and so sensitive to attacks that he would do anything, even throw away millions, rather than face a confrontation. But I had to be certain.

“Michael Jackson,” I said, “tell me with total honesty — did you ever touch a child in an inappropriate manner?”

He answered without hesitation. “No. I would never do that.”

“Then why did you pay Jordy Chandler’s family off?”

“It was the easiest thing to do.” The statement was simple and unembroidered, made without pause to invent a lie. “I couldn’t take it any more. I’d had enough.”

I pushed the question again: “Have you ever touched a child or a young person in a way that you shouldn’t?”

And he replied: “Never. I would never do that. My friendships with children are all very beautiful.”

He appeared to be still under deep hypnosis and I believed he was quite literally incapable of lying. Years later, when he was hounded by prosecutors in California who forced him to stand trial on similar allegations, I never doubted that he was innocent — though I did fear that the jury would convict him, not on the evidence but on prejudices.

This is not only unethical, this is a total shame to betray Michael’s confidence. What else did Uri asked Michael under hypnosis that Michael does not know and Uri did not write about? I am fully aware of such a situation and such an unethical thought but i would never ever act awfully like Uri did. Michael was interested in some higher spirits and thoughts and a lot of people know that Uri is just an imposter. Wether the clock-rubbing-theory nor the spoon-falling-from-the-TV theory makes any spiritual sense. I am very interested in spiritual things and I also have some talents in doing things that I can not explain but to trust in Uri Geller is like believing in losing 10 kilogramms by walking 5 meters. Thank you for exposing your personality, dear Uri. I honestly do not know if Uri posted that article after MJ’s death and why Uri sent Bashir to Michael. Maybe he got some money for it. If the blacklist of Michael is real than it is no wonder that Uri was on it.

The picture for the Invincible album is quite strange, too. It doesn’t matter which picture you choose, they have both disturbing signs on it. Uri uses the Jew Star, Sony uses the pentagram. There are infos that both symbols are connected to each other. I will post about this in another article.

the picture for the Invincible booklet original:

the picture censored by Sony:

Hubo un tiempo en el que personajes como Uri Geller, el conocido doblador de cucharas, entusiasmaban a todo un país entonces gobernado por pragmáticos de escaso talento y peor imaginación. Un país que todavía no ha madurado lo suficiente como para querellarse contra tanto tiempo perdido y sigue derrotado en el sofá. En otras zonas del planeta hoy día pasan cosas distintas, pero pocas. Una fue la demanda que interpuso la Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), una organización dedicada a la defensa de la libertad de expresión en internet y otros medios de expresión desarrollados dentro del contexto de la era digital actual, en los Estados Unidos contra Geller.

Todo empezó cuando el Sr. Geller interpuso su propia demanda contra YouTube, con la intención de retirar un vídeo en el que el lúcido ergo escéptico James Randi se dirigía a los crédulos para demostrar que los supuestos poderes mentales de Geller no son más que trucos. Geller alegaba que la publicación de dicho vídeo vulneraba sus derechos de autor. Pero una vez demostrado que de los catorce minutos de duración del vídeo, Geller sólo podía reclamar tres segundos de derechos de autor porque el resto del contenido está extraído de intervenciones televisivas, ha sido Geller el demandado por la EFF por abusar de la ley de derechos de autor de los Estados Unidos. Quizá este tipo de iniciativas no sean más que un brindis al sol, porque cuesta imaginar que otro mundo sea posible. Por el momento, a falta de resolución judicial y con el vídeo provisionalmente retirado, buenas son sonrisas.

Vineshoot

Sebron Flenaugh, Jr. & Master Yoda 900 years old, is widely considered to be the greatest Jedi of all time and trained many Jedi.

FLENAUGH: TRAINED JEDI KNIGHT PROGRAMMED TO KILL

In the evening on June 25, 1988, Sebron, Jr. went on a shooting spree at Micropure warehouse in Concord, CA. He killed 2 (two) people, and wounded 5 (five) others. [1]

There wasn’t a reason, or a motive for his deadly assault. Sebron couldn’t remember events leading to, and during the shootings. Sebron, Jr. supposedly emptied his .357 magnum into the victims like shooting clay pigeons. There was no evidence that he reloaded his weapon. Sebron, Jr. was pretty calm and precise with six shots, killing two, and wounded 5 (five). Was there an extra bullet? We may never know because the weapon was destroyed soon after his so-called trial.     

Micropure was one of many businesses in an industrial park that Sebron, Jr. was employed to patrol. The name of the industrial park was “Mason” Industrial Park.  

One victim, Robert Webster, was shot first. He described his shooter as “expressionless”. He said that when Sebron, Jr. saw his blood flowing there was a “half smile”, “he kind of smirked out of the corner of his eye, kind of like, and ‘I got him.’ Other than that, Sebron exhibited no expression or emotion. “After he shot me, instantly, his attention went to the next person that he was going to shoot. It seemed he shot me because I was the closest.”[2]  

Another victim, Angela Tewell, described Sebron, Jr. calmly strike a “military stance” before shooting her. She described Sebron, Jr. as “like target practice” and maintaining a “combat stance”. He had both legs spread parallel with both arms extended raised, knees bend, hands holding the weapon with deliberate aim. She described him as “kinda mad”. [3]        

Another employee of Micropure said that while “Pete” as they called him was driving into the warehouse area, she said “Hi”. She said that “he looked up at me and smiled.” Sebron, Jr. said nothing and showed no emotion. [4]       

Sebron Flenaugh, Sr., a retired merchant marine, moved to El Paso, TX after divorcing Sebron’s mom Elizabeth in 1960. Sebron, Jr. was born in February 3, 1943 in San Francisco. Ronnie Flenuagh was born in 1947. Elizabeth was left to raise the children alone in the Bay Area.   

Some family members said Sebron, Jr. shooting spree might have been triggered by the death of his mother Elizabeth in March 1988. Henry Flenaugh of Oakland, Sebron’s Sr. brother, said that family members had told him after her funeral Sebron Jr. was “cracking up”.         

However, his supervisor, David Riddle, Jr. at Wells Security Systems of Danville said that Sebron, Jr. was somewhat relieved and relaxed in that his mother’s suffering was over.

At the time, Riddle was on probation for a felony charge involving a minor. Riddle was also the only person that he may have trouble with at the job.  Riddle told police that as he understood it Elizabeth had passed some 6 months before the shooting.    

6’ 2”, 310-pound Sebron Jr, known as “Pete”, was quiet and had no known criminal record or background. Sebron, Jr. had been an employee of Wells Security Systems of Danville for about 18 months. Flenaugh worked at Mason Industrial Park as a security guard. For whatever reasons on the evening of June 24, he put on his guard uniform and armed himself with his .357 magnum, and drove directly to Micropure. He entered Micropure though the warehouse and dock and began shooting people. Sebron, Jr.’s post at Mason Industrial Park was an unarmed patrol.     

The owner of Wells, Doug Wells, described Sebron as “big mild mannered, soft spoken, teddy bear kind of person.”[5] In fact, everyone the investigators and police spoke to had the same opinion that Sebron, Jr. was mild mannered and somewhat very satisfied with his job. There was even evidence that a Micropure official had asked “Pete” to join the company, but he refused the offer. Sebron, Jr. was satisfied with his job at Wells.        

When arrested, Sebron, Jr. had been living with his half-sister, Bernadine and her daughter, Virlyn at 2444 89^th Avenue in Oakland where he was apprehended by the Oakland Police Department (OPD) without incident. Family had described his demeanor that day as normal, but Sebron said that before work he didn’t feel well and showered just before leaving.  

Sebron, Jr. had also lived with his mother at 1001 76^th Avenue in Oakland until she passed. Police also listed Sebron’s address at 3435 Henrietta Street in Oakland.           

A Wells Security System spokesman said that Flenaugh had an extensive military service record, which had never been detailed. Sebron, Sr. said that his son had served in the Air Force for four years from 1961 to 1965, and worked for the Navy in San Diego as a civilian housekeeper for 12 years from 1975 to 1984. He moved to the Bay Area sometime at the beginning of 1987 to be with his ill mother. What did Sebron do in the Bay Area from 1965 to 1974? In 1971, Sebron was living at 2435 9^th Street in Berkeley when his brother Ronnie was murdered.

One of the first Death Angel “slashing” attack occurred in 1970 just three blocks away at 2410 6^th Street. Was it Ronnie and Seabron that carried out the “slashing”?     

Wells hired him as an unarmed security guard on May 20, 1987. Sebron, Jr. told Wells at the time that he had no weapons training. On his application, Sebron, Jr. said that had attended Lawton School where he appeared to well like by instructors. Sebron, Jr. listed a Lawton instructor as one of his references. Sebron recorded “Kesims” as an instructor.        

Sebron, Jr.’s defense of the homicides and assaults was not guilty by reason of insanity. However, Flenaugh’s case raised some very difficult legal questions. Just as in the Case of Ewell Lee Danielly. An unconscious person cannot form a criminal intention. Amnesia provides a complete defense to a charge of homicide, particularly murder.

Flenaugh was examined by a number of psychologist and psychiatrists. Psychologist Nancy Van Couvering, Phd. diagnosed Flenaugh as “paranoid psychosis, probably schizophrenia, and affective disorder”. She said that he was suffering from “current psychotic systomatology, “he could not recall the events for which he was apprehended.” In other words, loosely, Flenaugh was suffering under a “delusional” mental disorder whether it was insanity, lunacy, or madness.

The fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia include (1) disturbances in associations, (2) disturbances of affect, (3) ambivalence of the affect, intellect, and/or will, (4) autism, (5) attention defects, (6) disturbances of the will, (7) changes in the person,’ (8) schizophrenic dementia, and (9) disturbances of activity and behavior. “Affective disorder” may refer to ‘affective disorder determined’, which was an expression used by Adolf Meyer as equivalent with manic-depressive psychosis. Manic-depressive psychosis may or may not lead to schizophrenia.   

Psychologist John E. Kincaid noted that Flenaugh was suffering from “amnesia” of a “psychotic process” blocking memory of events proximate and during the incident. Amnesia refers to the inability to recall past experiences. Psychotic generally means that Flenaugh was suffering under the process of a severe mental disorder, which blocked his memory of events proximate and during the incident.        

Dr. O. Glover had found Flenaugh incompetent to stand trial, but he was overruled. Van Couvering and Kincaid found Sebron, Jr. able to understand what would be going on at trial.     

Dr. Samuel Benson, psychiatrist provided a good description of “Dissociate State”, a person is on “auto pilot” where only his subconscious impulses are working. Flenaugh though he was only “target-shooting”.

Dr. Douglas Anderson, a psychiatrist, met with Flenaugh twelve times. Dr. Anderson believed that, during the shootings, Flenaugh was in a psychotic dissociated or “trance-like” state which is relative alteration of consciousness. He explained that in such a state, which is analogous to an alcoholic blackout or sleepwalking, the conscious part of the mind that involves judgment became suspended and that behavior in connection to the unconscious, a person only has a vague recollection of what he did.

Dr. Paul S. D. Berg, a psychologist, was called by the prosecution. Berg said that Flenaugh suffered from a life-long personality disorder. Dr. Berg testified that Flenaugh had exhibited the characteristics of a mass murderer. He had serious paranoid and narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial traits. There was a long smoldering build-up of forces and pressures, which were trigged by some event (the final straw), which set off previously repressed violent impulses.  (See People v. Flenaugh (A053478) Unpublished Opinion, Filed July 24, 1992, First Appellate District)

Flenaugh’s sister and niece said that when he returned home early from work at the eve of the shootings, they knew something was wrong. He had a bag containing hard alcohol, a can of beer, and cigarettes. He told them to be strong. He told them that he shot off his gun at work and he didn’t know if he had hit something. He told them that he didn’t want anyone to hurt or bother his family.          

Virlyn best described his demeanor after the shooting. She said, “He was nervous…sweating a little. He was just sitting there, not saying anything, not really looking at anyone. He was looking at T.V. but he would turn away and just look kind of into space.

One of the arresting officers, Sergeant Thiem noticed that during the arrest Flenaught was perspiring rather heavily. There were beads of perspiration on his forehead and uniform under the armpits were noticably wet.  It was rather cold in the house.

Psychologists described Sebron exhibiting the same type of strange behavior. He would talk, and then drift off into space, sometimes talking incoherently with tangential speech and laughter.

Flenaugh’s behavior after the senseless and motiveless assaults and killings was similar to other classic programmed victims and assassins like Sirhan Sirhan, and Marcus Wayne Chenault who also suffered from opportune “amnesia” failing to recall events proximate and during a specific and sudden episode of the use of deadly force on political figures.

Flenaugh’s deadly spree was politically opportune. It occurred during the 1988 presidential primary race of former CIA director, George Herbert Walker Bush. The Concord killings had political ramifications that at least indirectly furthered and aided the Republican Party’s “Law and Order” platform and agenda.     

After the assassination of Senator and Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy in June 1968, Sirhan said, “I don’t remember much about the shooting, sir, did I do it? Well, yes, I am told I did it. I remember being at the Ambassador (Hotel). I am drinking Tom Collinses. I got dizzy. I went back to my car so I could go home. But I am too drunk to drive. I thought I’d better find some coffee. The next thing I remember I was being choked and a guy was twisting my knee. [6]

About two weeks after the arrest, Flenaugh didn’t realize that he was in jail for murder, he said, “it’s a long time to be held for a ticket (traffic warrant).”

Senator Kennedy was the leading Democratic Party candidate in the 1968 presidential race against republican candidate, Richard Milhouse Nixon. Senator Kennedy had just minutes before his assassination won the California Democratic Primary Election for president of the United States.   

On April 30, 1974, Marcus Wayne Chenault assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King’s mother and a deacon in Atlanta at the family’s church. When asked if he killed anyone, Chenault could not remember, he said, “I assume I did, I assume I shot someone.”   The Chenault incident was political. Chenault had been a member of an assassination team called, “The Troop”. The purpose of the group was to kill Black ministers and Black political leaders who members of the group felt had deceived and falsely led black people.  =

After the incident, Flenaugh said that “(he) didn’t know if he had hit something.” Sebron had amnesia proximate, and during the shootings. Both Sirhan and Chenault suffered the same mental breakdown as to events proximate, and during the shooting incidents. Sirhan’s programmer was generally assumed to have been Air Force consultant/MK Ultra William Bryant Jennings III. It is unknown who programmed Chenault, but Air Force psychiatrists showed up in his case to bury him, and kill any insanity defense.       

Sirhan, a programmed victim, used alcohol proximate to the events leading to the assassination of Robert Kennedy. Sirhan did not drink alcohol. Alcohol may have the effect of further blurring the victim’s memory and the ability to recall persons, places and things proximate and during an event. Alcohol did not help in Sebron’s case. It may have had the same effect as intended in Sirhan’s case. 

Flenaugh has all the earmark of a programmed “Manchurian Candidate” assassin. A programmed assassin has been for decades the intelligence communities’ perfect “pastie”. However, Flenaugh’s case had one big problem.  There was no motive.  He was sane at one moment living a rather normal life then insane suddenly as if triggered.    

In the Sirhan case, the prosecution developed a motive around the Palestinian issue. Sirhan was Palestinian. They surmised that Sirhan shot Kennedy because he supported the United States giving jets to the Israelis to use against the Palestinian people.

In the Chenault case, the prosecution developed a motive around the objectives of the Troop to assassinate Black ministers and Black political leaders for misleading the public.

In Flenaugh’s case, there was no motive. There was absolutely no reasonable, or even an unreasonable motive for him to gun down 7 (seven) innocent people.

Nevertheless the court trial judge, Michael J. Phelan, disregarded the findings of all of the doctors that found that Flenaugh was insane at the time of the shootings, Dr. Anderson, Dr. Benson, Dr. Van Couvering, and Dr. Kincaid. Phelan, a former California Attorney General, and future appellate appointee followed Paul S. D. Berg and found Flenaugh guilty of first degree murder.  

Berg background and appearance in the case for the prosecution was very interesting. It quashed his amnesia defense and sealed Flenaugh’s fate for a definite disposal for first degree murder. In the case, Berg said that he had been working in California for 27 years, licensed for 25 to 26 years, since about 1964.  He received an A.B. degree psychology from City College of New York in 1957.

He received his Masters degree from Michigan State University in 1959. He received his Doctorate from Michigan State University in 1963. He received an U.S. Public Health Service fellowship in graduate school around 1959-60. He interned at Battle Creek Veterans Hospital involving regressed schizophrenia, and then worked at Veterans Hospital in Dearborn, Michigan. 

In 1961, he was Asst. Chief Psychologist at state prison of Southern Michigan for two years, “the Largest Walled Prison in America.” After he received his PhD in about 1963-4, he was brought to California by Dr. Robert Hanna Felix or Stanley F. Yolles of the Addiction Research Center (ARC) in Lexington, Kentucky and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to work on a special project for the prediction of violence. According to Berg, there allegedly had been an outbreak of violence, parolees with highway patrolmen, and he developed a test that was attempting to predict felonious violence and was brought to California to work on that 

At ARC, a MK-Ultra scandal revealed that the CIA had funded one Dr. Harris Isbell at the facility to carry out barbarous CIA psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug experiments on mostly poor, powerless and hapless black drug addicts. Dr. Isbell was the director of the ARC from the 1940s until 1963. Harris’ boss was Masonic psychiatrist Dr. Felix, who founded the NIMH; and the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology comprised many of the most important MK-Ultra collaborators. Felix was director from 1949 to 1964 followed by Yolles. 

Berg was assigned to San Quentin (the MONSTER FACTORY) where he spent half his time working up a research proposal for the NIMH (CIA-MK ULTRA INSTITUTION) to fund the violence study, and other half he spent with the inmate population, including death row.

Then in 1964, he went into private practice. For sometime, he headed the graduate department at Lone Mountain College. Dr. Berg’s interest just happened to involve Dr. Jay Reed Malloy, and the topic of “Spree Killers.”

There was mention in the case that Berg worked with Dr. Donald Lunde of Stanford on “Murder and Madness, the Trilogy of the Santa Cruz Episodes. Dr. Lunde had all the earmarks of a CIA spook doctor involved in the final criteria, the disposal of the Manchurian Candidate after operations.

Dr. Lunde was appointed by judges or retained by lawyers, in some of the most infamous CIA-MK ULTRA-MIND CONTROL cases of the Twentieth Century, including the SLA/Patricia Hearst bank robbery trial along with Dr. Louis Jolyon West (CIA Mind Control Maestro); the case of Herbert Mullin, killer of 13 people in the Santa Cruz area; the out of this world Twinkle defense of Dan White, killer of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk; Jim Jones, Peoples Temple and the Jonestown (the CIA Medical/Concentration Camp Experiment) mass murder/suicides; Howard Hughes (CIA Asset), after the industrialist’s death in 1976; and the case of John Linley Frazier, who was convicted of killing ophthalmologist Victor Ohta and his family and secretary. The Late Great Mae Brussell theorized that Dr. Ohta’s death was related to a mysterious pair of prescription glasses left by professional assassins found and suppressed at the horrific murder scene of the Manson/Sharon Tate Murder Scene. (See, http://www.maebrussell.com/Bibliography%20Sheets/627s1.html)

In 1958, Dr. Lunde graduated from Stanford University, the Handmaiden of the Medical-Military-Industrial-Congressional Complex. After three years in the Navy, he returned to Stanford Medical School. After getting his medical degree in 1966, he took a master’s degree in psychology, and then did three years of residency before being hired by the Stanford faculty joining Dr. James A. Hamilton, the CIA Station Chief at California Medical Facility at Vacaville and a host of other Stanford CIA consultants and assets.

In 1994 two state assembly members “courting-tough-on-crime votes revamped section 707 of the penal code, making it easier to try Black and Brown adolescences, including toddlers under six years old, accused of serious offenses in the adult system. Paul S. D. Berg, as a forensic pathologist, testified in at least three or four dozen of these 707 hearings for the prosecution.

SEBRON FLENAUGH JR., “May the Force Be With You”

Following his arrest by the Oakland Police Department (OPD), Officer Gary Premavera testified in People v. Flenaugh (Case No. 890224) that from out of nowhere Flenaugh bellowed, “May the Force Be With You”,  then there was a long pause, and heavy breating and signs. The officers were rather stunned and dumbfounded by Flenaugh’s appeal to “The Force.” Flenaugh was without doubt deranged, but his reference to “The Force” was obliviously to George Lucas’ Star War Trilogy, and “The Force”. Jedi Knights were endowed with “the Force “. Jedi Knights were the heroes and guardians of the universe. Jedi Knights represented all that was justice, and righteous.

The Jedi is a mythical warrior/monkish caste developed by George Lucas in the motion picture Star War Trilogy. Lucas’s futuristic space age Jedi Warrior Caste was based on the mythical fables of the Anglo-Saxon King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, the “Sons of the Sun” of antiquity, and the Cult of the SS. Lucas’s Jedi Knights are endowed with metaphysical powers of the   “The Force”.

Metaphysical powers have dubious definitions. Dr. Betrain Russell defined metaphysical as man assimilated to machines, back to cybernetics and MK-ULTRA Gregory Bateson. Russell was a former director of CIA MK-ULTRA collaborator, the National Institute of Mental Health. Russell was one of the early collaborators with Dr. Bateson that created the field of cybernetics.

The definition for Force is rather uniform. Force is power exerted against will or consent. Force implies constraint of will. Force is a constraining power compulsion, strength directed to an end. The Force that Lucas envisioned in his Star War Trilogy remains vague. He refers to “The Force” as trusting your natural instincts, and intuition. Lucas’ Jedi Knights harnessing “The Force” developed supernatural powers that included supernatural reflexes, mind control, telekinesis, remote viewing, and divination.

After death, Jedi Knights become guardian angels, and the protagonists of “The Force.” In 1993, writer Nina Burleigh asked 80 year-old Dr. Sidney Gottieb about the 1953 infamous death of fellow CIA agent Frank Olson in New York, he replied, that he was “on the side of the angels now” and that he had no intention in “talking about the past.” Dr. Gottieb died without revealing anything about the lives that he was responsible for taking and wasting. [7]

Dr. Sidney Gottieb was the notorious director of the CIA’s Division of Technical Services during the CIA’s Artichoke and MK-ULTRA programs. Master hypnotist Dr. Lawrence Kubie, and California Men’s Medical Facility at Vacaville’s station chief, Dr. James Alexander Hamilton, were members and collaborators with Gottieb’s Technical Services.  Technical Services was made up of PhD’s that were responsible for the deaths of world leaders, dissidents, and thousandths of people around the world.  

In it interesting that Dr. Gottieb at death considered himself being among “Angels” guarding the secrets of the CIA just like a Fallen Jedi Knight.

In Lucas’ early scripts, “The Force” emanated from a caste of individuals, and then to a stone that mind controlled others. Lucas’ caste of individuals was born with this special connection to “The Force”. They were the only individuals trained as Jedi Knights.

On that faithful day, Flenaugh was endowed and empowered with “The Force” of a Jedi Knight. Flenaugh acted under compulsion and power of “The Force”, a “Force” that compelled him to follow its command. The command was at that moment to destroy individuals representing the evil force. So at that moment, Flenaugh opened fire with his gun on imagery soldiers and drones of the evil force. Who made him into a “sleeper” Jedi Knight endowed with “The Force”, and then triggered him to kill and maim?

FORCE OF THE VIRL & THE MAKING OF THE JEDI

The SS were Hitler’s elite and pure Anglo Saxons caste born with “The Force of the Virl.” [8]They were the only individuals trained as the SS, the heroes and saviors of the European white race. In Lucas’ 1977 Star Wars film, the Jedi Knights were exclusively “all white.”  Darth Vader, the protagonist’s protector of the evil force, the opposite of the Jedi Knight was dressed in Reichsfurhrer Heinrich Himmler “all black” SS uniform and helmet.  

In May 1974, Lucas introduced the Jedi Bendu in a movie script, who were the chief architects of the Invincible Imperial Force and personal bodyguards of the Emperor/Sovereign, and pitted them against the evil Knights of the Sith, a sinister warrior sect. [9]

The SS was Adolf Hitler’s bodyguards pitted against the Jews, allegedly sinister and evil sub human specie. Lucas’ Star War’s Invincible Imperial Force and Darth Vader may have been in fact based on Himmler’s SS and Force of the Virl. [10]

REAGAN & THE “STAR WARS” STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITATIVE PROJECT

In 1983, Lucas released the last of this Star Wars Trilogy, “The Return of the Jedi”, opening in movie theaters throughout the United States. On March 8, 1983, then President of the United States, the extremely Fascist Ronald Reagan, former Governor of California, revealed to the public the administration’s Strategic Defense Initiative Project, commonly referred to as the “Star Wars” defense initiative. Basically, the United States was committing resources to develop a Tesla technology space-age defense program to defend the United States from enemy aerial, rocket and missile attack.  

Two weeks later, President Reagan referred to Russia as the “Evil Empire.” Naturally, the concept of Lucas’s Jedi Knights combating the “Evil Empire” with the power of “The Force” was adopted as policy by the highest political powers of the United States. Flenaugh specifically told authorities after his arrest that the forces against him were the “CCCP”, the Russians.        

The Strategic Defense Initiative basically came out of Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Fred W. Redding, Jr. of SRI is generally credited with developing the concept. Stanford University’s Dr. Edward Teller, father of the H-bomb, was one of the most powerful protagonists of Reagan’s Star Wars program. Dr. Teller promoted a Star Wars weapons system to be based on the North Slope of Alaska. [11] Sebron Flenaugh’s family lost track of him in Alaska for approximately four (4) years. Also, his brother, Ronnie Flenaugh, had just come from someplace in Alaska right before his 1971 assassination.      

In 1993, it was publicly revealed as part of the secret Strategic Defense “Star Wars” Initiative that U.S. Army Colonel, John B. Alexander, had developed the “Jedi Project.”  The Jedi Project aims was to seek and “construct teachable models of behavior/physical excellence using unconventional means.

According to Col. Alexander, the Jedi Project was to be a follow-up to Neuro-Linquistic Programming skills. By using the influence of Major General Albert Stubblebine, he managed to fund the Jedi Project. The original idea was to show how “human will power and human concentration affect performance more than any other single factor using NLP skills”. NLP was the brainchild of three people, Fritz Erikson, a Gestalt therapist, Virginia Satir, a family therapist, and Erick Erickson, a hypnotist of the Mental Health Research Institute of SRI at Stanford. [12]

Prior to 1988, Col. Alexander and General Stubblebine help organize the First Earth Battalion which in fact sought to create a battalion of mind controlled “Jedi Warriors”. [13]

FLENAUGH & U.S. Naval Medical Center:  Human experimenation & assassin’s Den 

On Sebron, Jr.’s application for employment with Wells, he stated that he went to Oakland Tech from 1958 to 1961. Death Angel William E. Mapp was a student of McClymonds High School, but was frequently at Tech. 

Flenaugh said that he attended some type of university with the mind control complicit U.S. Air Force from 1961 to 1965. He failed to set out any major or area of training provided by the Air Force.  It was rather strange that all of Sebron, Jr.’s Air Force background and training would just qualify him for a civilian “housekeeper” job at the naval Hospital in San Diego.  

Sebron, Jr. had 4 years Air Force experience and training in some field, which he never specified or explained on the application.  He also had Air Force Reserve experience and training in some field, which again he never specified or explained.         

After the shootings, nobody seemed to know just what Sebron, Jr. did in the U.S. Air Force for 13 years. It was a big mystery. Sebron had attained the rank of E-6, technical sergeant. He was a good soldier in something.           

Sebron’s last place of employment before the shootings was at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego. Flenaugh worked there from 1975 to 1984. The hospital was a documented MK-ULTRA institution.

 “In Santee, California, a 15-year-old student killed two classmates at his high school and wounded another 13 people before his arrest. The father of the shooter at Santee High School worked in experimental activities at the Army’s Fort Detrick for thirteen years, and was currently working at the Naval “Medical” Center in San Diego; a location where a number of victims of U.S. Government mind-control experiments have testified they’ve been experimented on and subjected to various mind-control procedures. Fort Detrick has been, at least the 1960’s, a primary testing ground for conditioning the minds of selected subjects with very carefully designed regimes and programs; much of which, for example, consisted of constantly, repeatedly immersing subjects into virtual-realty type computer/video “games” and “exercises” of utterly brutal and utterly graphic raw violence, murder and mayhem. This non-stop immersion of subjects into these kinds of activities causes a root-level meltdown in their psychological/ethical/spiritual intergrity and causes a great majority of them to become greatly desensitized to perpetrating deadly violence, particularly when reinforced in other ways by their controllers.” [14]

The U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego was also a virtual reality assassin-training site for the U.S. Navy. According to U.S. Navy psychologist, Lt. Commander Dr. Thomas Narut of the U.S Regional Medical Center in Naples, Italy, the U.S. Navy was an excellent place for a researcher to find “captive personnel” whom they could use as guinea pigs in experiments. The Navy provided all the funding necessary.

Dr. Narut, in a question and answer session with reporters from many nations, revealed how the Navy was secretly programming large number of assassins. He said that he had worked with for the Navy training men that were being prepared for commando-type operations as well as covert operations in the U.S. embassies worldwide. He described the men who went through his program as “hit men and assassins” who could kill on command. 

According to Narut, the assassins were conditioned through “audio-visual desensitization”. The process involved the showing of films of people being injured or killed in a variety of ways, starting with very mild depictions, and leading up to the more extreme forms of mayhem. Eventually, the subjects would be able to detach their feelings even when viewing the most horrible films. The conditioning was most successful when applied to “passive-aggressive” types, and most of these ended up being able to kill without any regrets.

The prime indicator of violent tendencies was the Minnesota Mutiphasic Personality Inventory. Dr. Narut knew of two Navy programming centers, the Neuropsychiatric Laboratory in San Diego and the U.S. Regional Medical Center in Italy, where he worked. Narut divulged the information at an Oslo NATO conference of 120 psychologists from the eleven nation alliance. [15] The Neuropsychiatric Laboratory in San Diego was at the U.S. Naval Medical Center.

The hospital was also associated with another Bay Area assassin, Nelson Sims. In August 1996, Diallo Earl Uhuru AKA Nelson Sims shot Lacy Hawkins in Union City, CA.  Hawkins was the founder and head minister of a controversial cult-like fundamentalist church, General Assembly Church. General Assembly has mostly Black congregations in Berkeley, Vallejo, and Union City. [16]   In June of that year, the church made news when 24 current and former Berkeley city employees filed a suit against the city, claiming that their bosses accused them of belonging to a cult. Earl Uhuru was a civilian employee at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego. Uhuru also was linked to the killing of his ex-girlfriend, 28-year old Navy Lieutenant Cheri Michele Washington. Washington also worked at the medical center as a registered nurse. [17]           

In 1975, when Sebron began his work at the Navy Hospital, the CIA also went to work in San Diego on a program to map the brain. In 1975, the CIA funded a secret program at $100,000 per year at the San Diego Children’s Hospital and Health Center’s Speech, Hearing and Neuromemory Center that involved “visual evoked responses” recorded electronically from brain waves and analyzed by computers. 

Experiments on human volunteers, most of them members of the hospital staff, administrators and friends had been conducted for two years. Dr. Albert Lawrence headed the experiments. Subjects responded to pictures of faces flashed on screens. Some are familiar, some are unfamiliar. Familiar faces evoke a different brain wave pattern than unfamiliar faces, and the computer can tell the difference even if the subject said nothing. Very interesting!          

According to the director of the project, accuracy of identification by computer had reached as high as eighty percent. He also mentioned that the results of the experiments would be combined with clinical trails at the children’s hospital. The CIA asked the hospital not to discuss the project. However, the hospital’s medical director and hospital officials later decided it disliked the idea of secrecy and told the CIA they wanted to be able to talk freely about work. The CIA experiment was exposed in a San Diego Union article by Lew Scarr entitled “CIA Funds Project At Hospital Here, September 27, 1977. [18]

Nevertheless the hospital officials’ dislike of the CIA’s idea of secrecy, secrecy is CIA’s policy. The CIA hardly if ever brief citizens without top-secret clearances and the “need to know” on the existence or objectives of clandestine experiments. These “visual evoked responses” experiments appear to be expansion of earlier “subliminal” research as exposed by notorious Tavistock controller and writer, Aldous Huxley: “Then there is the extremely interesting work in this field which is being done at the University of Ohio [Ohio State University] by Dwight Sherman and Samuel Renshaw. Sherman is professor of art and has devised methods of art teaching which are described in his Drawing through Seeing. In his school a very ingenious and, I believe, extraordinarily effective technique has been developed for getting the superficial self out of the way and leaving the seeing of the object to be drawn and the execution of the drawing to the more infallible Not-Self. Part of this technique was borrowed from Dr. Renshaw, of the same university’s psychology department, who trained very large number of soldiers during the war to recognized airplanes, and distinguish friendly from hostile models, by projecting slides of the various types upon a magic lantern screen for times ranging from a hundredth of a second down to tow thousandth. At first all protested that it was impossible for them to distinguish one type from another; and this was, of course, quite true for the superficial self. But the Not-Self had seen quite clearly, and when they learn to get out of the way and ‘let George do it’, they all acquired the art of seeing anything in a hundredth of a second, while some could do the trick at a much faster rate. Incidentally, many myopes came out of the training without myopia. This work has been applied in the kindergarten training of children in Chicago, I believe; but I have never seen any full description of this, only a passing reference…But the work is obviously of major importance and you should get hold of as many of his original papers as possible and examine them in light of our basic ideas.”[19]

Renshaw’s early experiments with “subliminal” training were keys to the development of Narut’s virtual reality assassins conditioned through “audio-visual desensitization”. The CIA’s “visual evoked responses” experiments with electronically recorded brain waves analyzed by computers would certain provide intelligence agencies with a mind control fool proof system. Myope refers to a person who has the defect of vision called myopia; a nearsighted person.

There should be little doubt that Seabron was made into a virtually reality prototype NLP (Force) based experimental Jedi Warrior that was programmed to shoot imagery enemy combatants supplanted in his subconscious mind anchored with post-hypnotic keys, and triggers.

FLENAUGH & PSI-REMOTE VIEWING AND MIND CONTROL 

There is more suggestive evidence of Sebron’s possible connection to covert military intelligence mind control programs. On his employment application with Wells Security, Sebron listed some educational experience, which may be linked to covert military intelligence objectives, “LAWTON SCHL. PSI-”. What did Sebron Jr. mean by PSI? 

PSI refers to parapsychology and the paranormal. Psi has been of particular interest and usage by certain group of individuals and agencies associated with highly classified military intelligence mind control programs since the 1930’s. Psi experiments by U.S. military and intelligence agencies were conducted under operations: BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, MKULTRA, MKDELTA, OFTEN, BELFRY, CAMELOT, DANCER, HAARP, HIGH TONE, MKDRACO, PANDROA, REACH, WATCHTOWER, XENO, and MONARCH.  

During the late 60’s and early 70’s, there was quite a bit of classified intelligence research and experimentation involving paranormal remote viewing and mind control. One of the leaders in this field was the S factor again, Stanford University and Stanford Research Institute (SRI).

In 1974, PROJECT OFTEN replaced MKULTRA and was exclusive PSI in nature. The Department of Defense was also operating OPERATION ADVANCED RESEARCH, which was a blend of PSI and mind control. [20] One of the components was the use of twins in parapsychological research, one ‘in country’ and another within a safe or neutral zone. [21]           

Around 1976, SRI’s remote viewing military program was introduced to high military officials as ELF and mind control. ELF refers to extremely low frequency sound waves. Dr. Sam Koslov, scientific assistant to the secretary of the Navy, received a briefing on various work projects, including those at SRI. Among the headings on the screen describing SRI’s work included “ELF AND MIND CONTROL”.            

Extremely low frequency and electromagnetic radiation has an effect on the central nervous system and has been studied by the military under various projects such as Pandora, Sanguine, and others.          

In 1972, Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ led SRI’s remote viewing program, PROJECT SCANGATE. Science Unlimited Research Foundation in San Antonio, TX originally funded the program.  Others involved in the project were Ingo Swann, Cleve Backster, Uri Geller, Andrija Puharich, Pat Price, and Ray Hyman.           

Hal Puthoff worked with the National Security Agency (NSA), and had been a Naval Intelligence officer. Swann had top-secret clearance. Backster was a heavy CIA Interrogation Specialist connected parapsychologist. Backster worked with naval intelligence in San Diego. Backster was famous for writing the book, “The Secret Life of Plants.” In that book, Backster proved that plants emitted ELF sound waves, and were in fact influenced by them. Backster may have been SRI’s remote viewing contact with military and particularly naval intelligence. Backster’s research was similar to the work of Dr. Valerie Hunt of UCLA involving human ELF fields.

Dr. Hunt and Pat Price was at Agnews State Mental Hospital when Sebron’s brother Ronnie was programmed to be a Death Angel-Zebra Assassin. Russell Targ would also become involved in acquiring “Alternative House” in Oakland. Alternative House at 32^nd off Telegraph Avenue was the site of Maalik Al Maalik’s 1972 killing of Ronnie’s co-religionist Paul Cook.           

Sound wave (ELF) mind control techniques were also subject of experimentation on inmates at CMF at Vacaville with CIA Station Chief Dr. James A. Hamilton and SRI. Dr. Hamilton was at Letterman Hospital with one of the suspected earliest Black Manchurian Candidates, Ewell Lee Danielly. 

Some of the e remote-viewing experiments involved using longitude and latitude, which identified military bases, and satellite listening, posts. The coordinates were picked by a National Security Agency monitor and transmitted to a CIA agent at SRI.       

In 1977, the Naval Electronics Systems Command contacted SRI for “an investigation of the ability of certain individuals to perceive remote faint electromagnetic stimuli at a noncognitive (non perceptual or intellectual) level of awareness.”[22] In other words, the remote control of individuals through subliminal messages, keys, and triggers.        

According to Andrija Puharich, a secret Navy project researching psychic power was begun in 1948 called PROJECT PENQUIN. The project was headed by Rexford Daniels; another participant was Army Colonel Jack Cooney, the head of the medical branch of the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project. The well known psychic Peter Hurkos was among those tested during the course of the Navy program. [23]     

Possibly as a byproduct of this research, in 1952 Puharich presented a research paper to the Pentagon titled “On the Possible Usefulness of Extrasensory Perception in Psychological Warfare” and, well in advance of the more-touted Soviet research on such matters. Puharich lectured the Army, Air Force and Navy on the possibility of using extrasensory power for mind war.[24]     

Puthoff says that the remote viewing project also focused on studying the possible threat of psi in the enemy hands than on actual operations. However, Ingo Swann and Pat Price, founder of the Esalen Institute, did view many military targets as part of their experiments, including viewing domestic targets such as the Patty Hearst kidnapping case.       

Under contract to the Army, SRI chemists also studied psychoactive components like LSD for their potential as chemical-warfare agents. [25]        

Puthoff and Targ researched mind-machine interfaces in context with the remote viewing project. [26]  Many of SRI’s remote viewing researchers were involved with Scientology and conducted most of the early psi experiments. [27]      

Puthoff had been at OT (Operating Thetan) Level III at the time of the remote-viewing experiments. He wrote the preface to Scientology: a Religion. He was also married in a Scientology church. [28]       

Ingo Swann was at OT (Operating Thetan) Level VII, the highest level. He presented a paper entitled: “Scientological Techniques: A Modern Paradigm for the Exploration of Consciousness and Psychic Integration”. [29]         

Swann allegedly told John Wilhelm that there were a total of fourteen “clears” (top-secret clearance) working at SRI. [30]  Out of SRI’s research and experimentation stemming from PROJECT SCANGATE, Col. Alexander and Stubblebine’s First Earth Battalion was formed. The First Earth Battalion was an advanced version of Jedi assassins created at the U. S. Navy’s neuropsychiatry laboratory in San Diego. 

Another company involved in PSI was PSI-Tech of Los Angeles. Major Ed Dames founded PSI Tech in 1989. Vice President of the company was Jonina Dourif with John L. Turner as a monitor. Board members included again our Col. John B. Alexander and General Albert Stubblebine. Employees included former microwave scientist and specialist at Kirkland Air Force Base, Ron Blackburn. 

PSI had received several government contracts. For example, during the Gulf War crisis the Department of Defense asked it to use remote viewing to locate Saddam’s Scud missiles sites. In 1992, the FBI sought PSI-Tech’s assistance to locate a kidnapped Exxon executive. [31]

In late 1991, during the Gulf War, PSI-Tech provided intelligence on Saddam Hussein to the National Security Council, and located Iraq’s hidden biological warfare stockpiles for the United Nations.”My (Ed Dames) company’s most interesting current assignment is to locate and identify the UNABOMBER. We are working hand-in-hand with law enforcement agencies to hunt the UNABOMBER down.” [32]

“According to Ed Dames, during a Pentagon evaluation in 1988 three paper shredders burned out while destroying documents.” [33] Was the shredding of documents related to the Sebron Flenaugh, Jr., the Jedi Assassin and the Concord shootings? 1988 was an election year. The United States Presidential Republican candidate was George W. Bush, former director of the CIA

FLENAUGH & THE RAVEN: DR. JACK VERONA   

One of the most surprising of Flenaugh’s defense trial witnesses found in his court file in Martinez, California was Jack Varona.

Flenaugh’s public defender simply misspelled Varona. It can be no other than DR. Jack Verona, THE RAVEN. [34] Jack Verona appears in J. Schnabel’s Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America Psychic Spies. [35] According to Schnabel, “As one of the Pentagon’s top scientists, Verona was privy to some of the strangest, most secret research projects ever conceived. Grill Flame was just one. Another was code-named Sleeping Beauty: it was a Defense Department study of remote microwave mind-influencing techniques…”[36]

Project Sleeping Beauty remains a CIA classified program. Schnabel listed the notorious CIA-MK ULTRA contractor Dr. Louis Joylon West as an Interview Source and said that Dr. West was a, “Member of medical oversight board for Science Applications International Corp. remote-viewing research in the early 1990’s.

In 1981, Operation Grill-Flame was one of the first Remote Viewing programs, from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).  General Albert Stubblebine Commanding General of the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command was put in charge. [37]Grill-Flame was renamed Operation Center Lane. The program had originally been run by DR. Jack Verona, a nuclear physicist and head of the DIA’s Scientific and Technical Intelligence Directorate, who simultaneously ran a DIA mind-control program called “Sleeping Beauty” that dealt with the offensive use of microwave weapons. 

It is not unusual for some of the high ranking powerful master minds hiding behind the mask such as Dr. Jack Verona to appear in the final criteria, the disposal of the Manchurian Candidate after operations. They become necessary to severely compromise any trial, or defense that would expose covert operations of the government. Even though amnesia is a complete defense, Flenaugh’s trial was compromised. He was found guilty of first degree murder and confined to solitary confinement in state prison for life with restricted visitation, drug therapy that keep him in a zombie trance for the rest of his life, and little or no access to inmate populations

In the final analysis, Sebron Flenaugh, Jr. had been a good soldier. His Yoda had been Reagan’s richly endowed STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITATIVE PROJECT.  It is not too far out of the box to believe that Flenaugh had volunteered to help his country in an experimental secret governmental program. My father had done the same to his detriment to support the war effort and defense of the country.

But what Flenaugh and my father had no way of knowing was that the very enemy that this country openly identified and accepted as universal enemies of world peace such as the Nazis and the SS (The World’s Greatest Racial Mass Murder Cult) were secretly brought into the country to make prey of them and their children; and their children’s children.  

FLENAUGH & THE REICHSTAG FIRE

Make the lie big, make it simple, keep saying it, and eventually they will believe it. -Adolf Hitler-

Flenaugh was unwittingly setup in a hideous trick bag.  Flenaugh fate was not unlike Marinus Van der Lubbe “The Nazi’s Patsy” convicted and executed for the infamous 1933 Reichstag Fire in Berlin that propelled Adolf Hitler and the Nazis into absolute power.

After the fire, Van de Lubbe was found by the Gestapo cowering behind the Reichstag building, the house of the first parliament of the German Empire. Van de Lubbe had been a mental patient who lived as a vagabond and entertained grand delusions. On the forty-second day of his trial, he talked about “inner voices” that commanded him and demanded that he be put to death. [38] Van de Lubbe’s trial was compromised. He was convicted by a German court and executed. He was guillotined in a Leipzig prison yard on January 10, 1934. [39]

According to Nazi propaganda, the Reichstag fire was intended as a signal for a feared national communist uprising that had long been planned. The Nazis had deliberately set the fire and setup Van de Lubbe as a patsy to scare the people into turning Germany into a Nazi dictatorship and strong-arm fascist state to fight off a sham communist menace.

Again, Flenaugh’s deadly spree was politically opportune. It occurred during the June 1988 presidential primary race of former CIA director, George Herbert Walker Bush. The senseless slaughter and maiming of innocent white people by a deranged out of control Blackman had sensational political ramifications that at least indirectly furthered and aided the Republican Party’s “Law and Order” platform and agenda, and propel Bush as a strong-arm fascist president into the Whitehouse.    

75 years after the Reichstag fire, Van de Lubbe was finally pardoned and exonerated of the crime by a 1998 law. [40]Will it take that long to free Flenaugh and uncover the “small knot of people” behind the mask that setup Flenaugh as a “patsy” and sham Jedi Knight to further their agenda to turn the world over to a Nazi-like aristocratic oligarchic fascist state envisioned by Frances Parker Yockey in the Imperium? [41]

.

[2] The multiple victims and survivors in the shootings filed suit against Sebron, Wells Security, and the landowner for negligence, Alameda County Courthouse, Webster, et. al, vs. Flenaugh, et al. (1988) Case No. 641939, Deposition of Robert Webster

[3] Supra, note 1, Deposition of Angela Tewell

[4] Supra, note 1, Deposition of Jane Richards

[5] Supra, note 1, Deposition of Doug Wells

[6] Kaiser, Robert Blair, R.F.K. Must Die! New York: Grove Press, 1970

[7] Albarelli, H.P. Jr., Part Two: The Mysterious Death of CIA Scientist Frank Olson, Crime Magazine, May 19, 2003; http://crimemagazine.com/olson2.htm

[8] http://www.echoesofenoch.com/Musium13%20vril_society.htm

[9] Edwards, Ted, The Unauthorized Star Wars Compendium, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, New York, London, 1999

[10] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_stormtrooper

[11]  Begich, Nick Dr., Manning, Jeane, Angels Don’t Play This HAARP, Earthpulse Press, P.O. Box 201393, Anchorage, Alaska, 1995, citing Letter from David Yarrow to Gar Smith, Earth Island Journal, August 18, 1995, pg. 153

[12] Id.

[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Alexander

[14] http://www.geminiwalker-ink.net/HellSchoolShootings.html

[15] http://www.xontek.com/Advanced Technology/Mind_Control/Mind%20Control-The_Cur…

[16] http://www.rickross.com/reference/lacey_hawkins/lacey_hawkins4.html

[17] SF Chronicle, Union City Minister shot-Ex congregant Held, 8/24/96

[18] Keith, Jim, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness, IllumiNet Press, Liburn, GA, 1999, pg. 216

[19] Smith, Grover, Letters of Aldous Huxley, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York and Evanston, pages 615-616, (the notes were part of a letter written in 1952 to Alan Watts)

[20] Wilhelm, “Psychic Spying.” The Washington Post, August 2, 1977, B1

[21] Ebon, M. Psychic Warfare: Threat or Illusion? NY. McGraw Hill, 1983

[22] McRae, Ronald, Mind Wars, St. Martin’s Press, 1984, pg. 5, http://mindcontrolforums.com/hambone/places.html

[23] Keith, Milner, pg. 208, Terry. Rattling Out Puharich. Excerpt from unpublished book, 1996

[24] Keith, pg. 208; Constantine, Alex. Virtual Government. CIA Mind Control Operation in America. Vencie, CA: Feral House, 1997; Wihelm, John, “Psychic Spying? Washington Post, August 7, 1977; McRae, Ron. Mind Wars, St. Martin Press, 1984

[25] Supra, note 5, page 94

[26] R. Targ, P.Cole and H.E. Puthoff, “Techniques to Enhance Man/Machine Communication,” Stanford Research Institute Final Report on NASA Project NAS7-100 (August 1972)

[27] http://mindcontrolforums.com/hambone/places.html

[28] Supra, note 5, page 108

[29] Proceedings of the First International Congress on Psychotropic Research (Virginia: U.S. Joint Publications Research Service, 9/6/74, Document No. JPRS L/5022-1) at the First International Congress on Psychotropic Research in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

[30] Wilhelm, John, The Search for Superman, as reviewed in chapter 30 of Gardner, Martin, Science: Good, Bad, and Bogus, Prometheus Books, 1981, page 320-1; Wilhelm, John, “Psychic Spying?” Washington Post 8/7/77, B1)

[31] http://mindcontrolforums.com/hambone/places.html

[32] Supra, note 12

[33] Keith, Jim, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness, IllumiNet Press, Liburn, GA, pg. 213

[34] http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/hambone/places.html

[35] Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America Psychic Spies. New York: Dell, 1997

[36] Schnabel, id, at pg. 220

[37] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Stubblebine

[38] Keith, Jim, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness, IllumiNet Press, Lilburn, GA, 1999, pg. 15

[39] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe

[40] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jan/12/secondworldwar.germany

[41] http://spitfirelist.com/for-the-record/ftr-598-interview-with-kevin-coogan-about-francis-parker-yockey/

Medien-KuH Nummer 15 gibt sich mystisch. Denn wie ein roter Faden werden sich heute die Zahl 7 und das Thema Bibel und Religion durch die gesamte Episode ziehen. Angefangen bei ProSieben: zum ersten Advent plant der Sender einen „Disney Day“. Dazu wird sich auch die On-Air-Verpackung des Münchner Senders ändern.
„Poptitan“ Bohlen äußert sich zu den Rundfunkgebühren und findet, dass diese doch eigentlich nicht mehr zeitgemäß sind. Sein Vorschlag, was man mit dem überschüssigen Geld anfangen könnte, in der KuH.

Laienmagier Uri Geller erobert die Welt; das ProSieben-Format „The next Uri Geller“ darf nun auch in Griechenland mit skeptischen Blicken bewundert werden. Dennoch hat es der Löffelbieger nicht zum „KuH der Woche“ geschafft. Dieser Titel geht in dieser Woche an Marge Simpson, die sich für den US-Playboy nackig machte.

Weitere Themen: Neues vom Titelschmutz und aus der Filmwelt, Körbers Filmschule bespricht dieses Mal „Sieben“ mit Morgan Freeman und Brad Pitt und natürlich findet auch wieder die Auslosung des nächsten Films statt, der besprochen werden muss.

Neue Aktion: Wir suchen Deutschlands meiste und beste Radio-Claims – Ihr seid gefragt!

Deflation is a cup of tea when you ordered a glass of champagne.
Deflation is Gordon Brown when you voted for Obama.
Deflation is minehead when you booked Ibiza.
Deflation is coldplay when you wanted joy divison.
Deflation is lying in bed writing this when you should be making love to a beautiful woman.
Deflation is dan brown and jk Rowling.
Deflation is uri geller or michael Jackson and is not Jesus Christ.
Deflation is what we better get used to.

okay we already knew that, DIDN’T WE, but:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9QV-XdcaxI

In the first third of the video he roughly outlines:

1) Thermodynamics: Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
2) We are all made of ENERGY.
3) If it can’t be destroyed then something must happen to it when we die.
4) IT MUST pass over to “the other side!”

I’m no physicist (OR AM I? — no I’m not) but here’s how this works:

1) Yes [more precisely: it remains constant in a closed system. This is one of the things religious people throw at evolution which implies an increase in energy, they neglect to observe the Earth isn't a closed system because we have a great big glowing energy source up there in the sky].
2) Okay we ARE all made (somewhat) of energy, I will accept that, but human consciousness is not energy.
3) …
4) No, actually, it’s a contradiction in your (otherwise still flawed) logic. We have to assume the universe is a closed system for your logic to actually mean anything (if the universe is not closed (closed meaning there is nothing external interacting with it), then conservation of energy doesn’t apply so your premise is wrong), in which case, your “energy’s” progression to “the other side” means that it has LEFT the universe, which means that conservation is NOT satisfied. In summary, you’ve set a scenario up with liberal helpings of pseudoscience, which were chosen such that you can’t possibly be right. You idiot.

Un Israelí que parece desafiar las leyes de la física torciendo cucharas y derritiendo metales con la fuerza de su mente.

Se trata del mundialmente famoso Uri Geller, un joven parapsicólogo de asombrosa y discutida historia sobre quien recaen los más dispares calificativos, que van desde “charlatán” hasta “hacedor de milagros”.

Veamos algunas de sus más sorprendentes experiencias.  En junio de 1974, ante un calificado grupo de científicos reunidos en el laboratorio de física del Birkbeck College, en la Universidad de Londres, centuplicó dos veces las señales de un “contador Geiger”, aparato físico de gran precisión cuyo ritmo estable es de 0.5 señales por segundo.  Pues bien, en pocos segundos estas señales subieron a 200 veces más de lo normal –lo que equivaldría a una radiación nuclear-, fenómeno debido únicamente a la intensa concentración mental de Uri Geller.  Al menos los científicos presentes atestiguaron que ningún otro factor, salvo ese, ejercía en esos momentos influencia sobre el contador Geiger.

En el mismo laboratorio y fiscalizado por los científicos, el parapsicólogo realizó estas otras pruebas: dobló metales con sólo tocarlos; quebró un cristal encerrado dentro de un hermético envase pasando la mano a varios centímetros de éste; e hizo girar bruscamente brújulas y magnetómetros con la fuerza de su mente.

El matemático John Taylor declaró: “He comprobado que en estas experiencias no hay posibilidad de fraude alguno.  Uri Geller es tan excepcional que plantea un serio desafío a la ciencia contemporánea”.

El joven israelí, sin embargo, ya había conmocionado al mundo científico antes de las pruebas llevadas a cabo en la Universidad de Londres.

Efectivamente, en 1972 efectuó experimentos de telepatía en el Instituto Stanford de Investigaciones, de California, Estados Unidos.

Allí, se lo encerró en una habitación hermética, de dobles paredes de acero; afuera, los experimentadores hacían dibujos y el parapsicólogo, mediante su concentración mental, percibía telepáticamente esos dibujos y los reproducía en un papel desde su aislado encierro.

Sin embargo, este anverso tiene su reverso.  Según “Nature”, la más prestigiosa revista científica inglesa, las precauciones adoptadas por las autoridades del Instituto Stanford fueron “demasiado vagas”, insinuando que los investigadores fueron embaucados por las astutas técnicas ilusionistas del supuesto paranormal.

Por su parte, el mago Melbourne Christopher afirma que Geller se vale de muy hábiles “trucos”, jactándose de haberlos desenmascarado uno por uno.  Y pregunta, desafiante: ¿por qué se niega obstinadamente a realizar sus pruebas ante los prestigitadores profesionales, tan capaces como él de cumplir esas “proezas”?

A estas acusaciones, Uri Geller contrapone sus propios argumentos.

Precisamente uno de sus más entusiastas defensores es el médico y parapsicólogo Andrija Puharich, catedrático del Stanford, quien recibió en su casa al joven israelí.  Narra que durante esa visita ocurrieron cosas tan extrañas como estas:

-“El cenicero que estaba sobre una mesita ratona entre Uri y yo se levantó de pronto unos 30 centímetros, y después de permanecer unos minutos suspendido en el aire salió por la ventana, reapareciendo momentos después en el patio, a cinco metros de donde estábamos nosotros.  Luego, mientras caminábamos por el jardín, un pisapapeles que habitualmente se encuentra sobre mi escritorio, aterrizó instantáneamente junto a mis pies.

Pero lo que terminó de convencerme de los excepcionales poderes de Geller fue esta prueba de telepatía: hizo dos dibujos que nadie más que él vio, luego miró fijamente a mi hijo de 14 años para “trasmitirle las imágenes”.  De inmediato, mi hijo, sin vacilar, dibujó dos figuras –un auto y un gato- que, cotejadas con las que había trazado Uri resultaron ser asombrosamente parecidas”.

Claro que también puede resultar muy razonable dudar de la veracidad de lo antedicho si uno se entera, por ejemplo, que Andrija Puharich oficia de empresario de Geller en sus presentaciones en teatros del mundo entero y, por lo tanto, cabe la posibilidad de que invente historias fantásticas sobre su contratado, a fin de despertar grandes expectativas en el público a favor del “show-business”.

Sus experiencias más divulgadas en esas presentaciones personales consisten en doblar cubiertos y hacer funcionar relojes descompuestos a los que les faltan piezas fundamentales; todo sin más recurso que su concentración mental.  Y esto también da pie a la polémica, pues no todos los cubiertos se doblan ni todos los relojes se componen.

De tal modo, su auditorio queda dividido entre quienes lo consideran un superdotado y quienes lo tildan de impostor; unos le otorgan poderes mágicos, otros reniegan de él.

En la época en que todavía se cuestionaban sus poderes paranormales, allá por 1973, un programa de televisión de la B.B.C. de Londres, conmocionó prácticamente a toda Europa.  A pocos minutos de haber comenzado Uri su programa, numerosos televidentes telefonearon a la emisora haciendo saber que en sus casas se estaban doblando cubiertos y echando a andar relojes que hacia años que estaban descompuestos.

Para los magos profesionales, sin embargo, este fenómeno tiene una sencilla explicación.

El hecho de que haya personas que al ver por televisión las experiencias de doblar cubiertos y arreglar relojes descompuestos comprueben que en sus propias casas está ocurriendo lo mismo, obedece, según los magos profesionales, al conocido fenómeno parapsicológico de la autosugestión. 

Al respecto expresa el ilusionista Argentino Juan José del Pozo, que utiliza el seudónimo de Tu-Sam:

“Una parte del público de Uri Geller, cuando él actúa, cae en el histerismo, condición esta en que el cuerpo humano ejecuta actos en forma inconsciente”.  Por lo tato, un histérico con una cuchara en la mano puede doblarla sin darse cuenta, ya que en ese estado anormal cualquier organismo realiza proezas que jamás lograría en estado normal.  Baste decir que una persona bajo los efectos de la hipnosis puede levantar pesos que exceden en 20 kilos sus posibilidades máximas.

“En cuanto a los relojes descompuestos, Geller sólo hace funcionar aquellos cuyo eje no está roto.  Muchos ingenuos exclaman: “¡Asombroso, funciona sin tener cuerda!”  Y yo me pregunto: “¿Quién se acuerda si le dio cuerda o no a su reloj cuando se descompuso, varios años atrás?”.

Como se ve, la controversia en torno a este tema es inagotable.  Mientras tanto, el joven parapsicólogo Israelí se atribuye orgullosamente –al margen de las ya mencionadas- las siguientes proezas:

El 25 de noviembre de 1973, desde París rompió vajillas en Londres; en Alemania detuvo un coche funicular en el aire; a Von Braun, padre de la moderna cohetería, le fundió un anillo sin tocarlo; inmovilizó a un  trasatlántico en plena travesía; alteró una red estructural metálica de la Marina de Guerra de Estados Unidos, que en un comunicado oficial aclaró: “El caso no tiene explicación científica”.

El extremo opuesto al de los que no vacilan en catalogarlo de  mistificador se ubican los exaltados que hasta llegan a atribuirle vinculaciones con seres extraterrestres.  Un informe científico asegura que en todas las cintas magnetofónicas de entrevistas realizadas a Uri se localizan interferencias de esotéricas voces que parecen proceder de otros planetas.  Versión ésta que se compatibiliza con las siguientes palabras del propio Geller:

“México y Egipto son los dos países donde siento que mis poderes aumentan considerablemente.  Esto no es una casualidad, ya que en esos dos lugares hay pirámides, que no son obra humana sino que fueron construidas por seres de otros mundos que tal vez me estén utilizando de puente para comunicarse con los terráqueos”.

¿Qué hay de cierto y de fantasía en este apasionante caso?  Imposible establecerlo aún con certeza por ser una historia de flagrante actualidad.  Quizá el tiempo nos permita dilucidar el enigma.  Pero por el momento esta enconada controversia nos resulta muy aleccionadora, pues nos alerta respecto de que los fenómenos parapsicológicos deben ser considerados con mesura y cautela.

1. WWII prisoners get out of jail free thanks to Monopoly - Escape supplies British airmen hostages were smuggled into prison inside the classic Parker Brothers game.

2. FBI outlines retooled scams designed to prey upon people’s trust and greed – It amazes me that the FBI doesn’t even have a “share” icon on their articles to quickly post this valuable information to social networking sites.

3. 8 Myths about the Freemasons debunked – Suck it, Dan Brown!

4.  The new Apple iDouche – Uri Geller now has his own Spoon App on the iPhone.  Ugh!

5. Frank Schaeffer Exposes Fundamentalist Christianity:

Interesting discussion on the JREF today. One poster complained that Derren Brown as was “bad as Uri Geller” – not sure how bad that is meant to be! -after he talked nonsense about how he did the Lottery trick that intrigued the nation, rather than revealing how he did it. ( I think I know how he did it, but I’m not saying!)   Anyway, I don’t believe a word Derren Brown offers as explanation in his book or in his TV shows for how he does his tricks. BUT I’m not sure that is a bad thing. He is an entertainer. He entertains.
His book is a cracking read, and I recommend it, but I would not take it too seriously!
I was down the pub Thursday  night, and I  made a shot glass pass through the solid table while people watched. (OK it was under a napkin at the time it dematerialized, but everyone will tell you it happened.) I was asked how I did it, so I whittered about Planck, atomic structures, poltergeist effects and materialization mediumship, and repeated the trick twice more while they watched. I di it again at the Two Pigs on Saturday, unfortunately knocking over my drink all over myself and soaking my friends in the process.

Yes it was a trick. Of course it was a trick. Everyone knew it was a trick, Everyone knew my patter on how I did it was complete nonsense. But it was fun.

And I never did reveal the secret. Am I bad a person for this? If anyone had started to embrace a paranormal belief system on the strength of my conjuring trick I would have immediately said “hey, this is how I did it.” (The trick is more Tommy Cooper than David Cooperfield, so no one was really going to be seriously impressed!)  As it was I told those who asked where they could buy a book where they could learn many much better tricks. But was my fake parapsi patter (and being actively involved in parapsychology I like to think I do it well) really immoral? Do I not have a responsibility to protect the intellectual property of the designers of magic tricks?

I sypathise with those annoyed with Deren Brown, because he said he would reveal how he did it, and he did not,  but I can’t believe anyone would take Brown’s ‘explanations’ remotely seriously?

cj x

11 + 9 + 2009
(1+1) +9 + 2009
2 + 9 + 2009
11 + 2009
11+ (2+0+0+9)
11 + 11 …