In Darwinian’s theory of evolution, natural selection is “the process in nature by which only the organisms best adapted to their environment survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated”.

Truer words were never said of social media.

Treat every online social networking service as an “organism” and we could probably trace back its ancestry right back to its most primitive form.

I decided to do a rough evolutionary timeline in the short span of 30 years that social media have been around:

Social media platforms are constantly being replaced with newer, better, succeeding generations of services which in turn must adapt and change or risk elimination.

In the cruel game of natural selection, “mother nature” takes the form of social media consumers: a fickle group of individuals ultimately deciding who lives or dies in an arena where each service has to literally fight for survival.

In this article, I will review how social media has evolved from the “primordial” 8 bit generation to the present day 64 bit service and platforms.

Usenet: the social media “Adam”

Born in 1979 from the minds of Duke University graduates, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, the Usenet system allowed users to read and post threads of discussion, called news, on one or more newsgroups.  Its similar in several respects to the modern day forums and indeed, Usenet could effectively be named the father of all forums. It gave consumers the first taste of “social networking” in the loose sense of the phrase.

Many of us would cringe looking at the graphics we had then. I wasn’t alive during the launch of Usenet but I couldn’t imagine having to network on an interface like that. Just goes to show how spoilt we consumers are these days.

Status: Deceased

Though a friend of mind says Usenet is still being used by hackers wishing to remain anonymous, I can’t say for certain.

Bulletin Board System (BBS): fathers of the World Wide Web

The comic strip sounded like sarcasm to me.

“Well of course you can connect to other computers without being the same kind of machine! That’s just plain obvious.”

Well of course we would think that way. We’ve had the internet since we could work a computer. But even before the World Wide Web was established, people in the late 1970s could still communicate with one another using the BBS. In many ways, the BBS was the inspiration for the World Wide Web and many other aspects of the internet. It allowed users to upload and download data, read and post news on a public message board, and find and communicate with each other by way of email.

The BBS even allowed online games and a primitive form of chatrooms that provided communication using multiple phone lines called MUT, MultiUser Talk. MUT was later replaced by the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) system.

Status: Deceased

Replaced by internet forums.

mIRC

One particular IRC client stood out against the rest. The mIRC came into the market in 1995, and became an instant hit with the online crowd. The client’s main difference was in it’s scripting, giving users the power to customise commands, behaviour and appearance of their mIRC client. Filesharing, which very few IRCs at the time offered, was also possible on an mIRC. Even today, the client is still being used worldwide. IRCs were the precursors to the instant messaging clients we have today, and though no longer popular, is still in active development.

Status: Dying

The same friend told me that IRCs are still used by hackers wishing to remain anonymous. Its very rarely used for social networking purposes though, and I don’t see how it can profit anymore.

Internet forums

Bulletin boards has since evolved into internet forums like phpBB and vBulletin, bringing along with it the ‘netiquettes’ and internet culture we have today. The common features that set our forums apart from the BBS are private messaging, emoticons, picture galleries, attachments and polls. Few internet forums require paid subscription. Most rely on advertising dollars and donations to continue operation. Internet forums inspired the invention of the modern blogs we have today.

Status: Stable

Most people find internet forums to be a great source of information and since there are no visible alternatives in sight, it will likely continue for a long time.

Windows Live Messenger: entering the age of instant messaging

Formally known as MSN Messenger, the Windows Live Messenger almost wholly replaced Amercia Online’s AIM and Yahoo Messenger in 1999. The client allows for an amazing range of features and capabilities including, but not limited to, games, sharing folders, phone calls, web camming, application sharing and animated display pictures.

Instant messaging is still very much alive in our day and age. Contacts are more connected now than ever before. True, a phone conversation would flow much faster and is more personal but you can’t multitask on a phone, and you can’t leave your phone running for the whole day.

Metaphorically, signing in to the client is like entering a large living room where all your friends are gathered. The difference of instant messaging from other modern social media platforms is that most of the people in your contacts list are people you already know. There was small chance of meeting anyone new (although new MSN services available provide for that deficiency though it remains unpopular).

Status: Stable

The communication technology will likely improve in the far future, but ‘instant’ messaging is already pretty much… instant. The only technology I see replacing  this is telepathy, or mind reading.

Blogs: the creation of the blogosphere

Taking concepts and characteristics of a forum, blogs have evolved out of the primordial soup of the digital communities in 1997 and rose to popularity in 1999. Blogs were revolutionary in that they gave social media consumers the platform to have their voices heard by the internet community. There are several types of blogs for several different subjects and purposes. The most common form of blogs are personal blogs, an online diary of sorts that allowed readers to get a glimpse into the bloggers life. Corporate blogs are blogs used primarily for marketing purposes, adding content updates that relate to the product or service the company offers and giving the company a sort of personality.

What completely differentiates a blog from its ancestors, besides the obvious customability and depth, is the ability for any user to earn a profit. A blog is one of the few social media platforms that can be very lucrative. Some of the more famous bloggers blog for profit by featuring advertisments in their page. Companies know the influence bloggers have on their consumers and the evolution and growth of the blogosphere makes this platform a necessity for any smart social media consumer.

Status: Growing

There are people alive today who dream of blogging for a living. Its a great indication how much fun people get out of blogging. Theres just something about letting people hear your thoughts and feelings that makes you feel warm inside. Kinda like when you write that diary and pretend to hide it knowing it’s going to be found anyway.

Six Degrees: the first of its kind

Six Degrees was the first social networking site ever to be in operation. It evolved from the concept of ’six degrees of separation’; everyone is at the most six degrees away from anyone on the planet. Unfortunately, no one got the concept and it was sold in 2000 for $125 million, and shut down a year after. It was however, the precursor to other social networking sites like Friendster and Facebook.

Status: Deceased

Six Degrees paved the way for future social networking sites. It was too complicated itself, which was probably why it shut down.

Friendster

Taking from the concept of Six Degrees, Friendster had a highly successful reign in Asia in 2002 which continued until early 2008 when Facebook gained immense popularity, leaving behind millions upon millions of inactive accounts in the biggest internet ghost town. Friendster was an example of the internet consumer’s viciously low attention span and loyalty to any one platform.

Rumours, presumably started by rival Myspace, that Friendster would become a pay site made it unpopular with the younger Western crowd. 90% of their users are from Asia, particularly Singapore, Malaysia, Phillipines, China, India, South Korea and Japan.

Today, Friendster is looking at expansions into Asia and growing its list of features to seperate themselves from social networking giant Facebook.

Status: Near Death

I think I’m being generous when I say its not dead. I checked into Friendster yesterday and none of the accounts in my friends list had been entered in the last 3 months, except two which were entered a month ago.

Myspace

Also the victim of Facebook’s growing popularity is Myspace. Myspace was a copy of Friendster launching in 2003 and gained popularity over the years with the Western countries until 2008 when it lost its users to Facebook. Today, it struggles to compete with Facebook with an extreme makeover, adding applications and updates and redesigning their pages.

Status: Near Death

Myspace is probably as dead as Friendster. Or maybe less dead. But dead is dead.

Facebook: the big boys on the block

Facebook started first by focusing on smaller communities of high school students. The name itself is taken from the American college face book given to freshmen on their first day of school. It differentiates itself effectively with its many features and games, including a public wall that friends of the user can post messages on. Its integration into the iPhone and other smart phones make it the most accessible social networking site currently available. Its popularity speaks for itself and remains at the top of the food chain. However, its hard to say how long Facebook can keep its users happy before another social site pops up.

Status: Growing

Almost everyone has a facebook account these days. Not to mention ‘facebooking’ is now as much of a word as ‘blogging’ and ‘tweeting’, I’d say facebook could last.

Twitter: so simple, its smart

A service evolved from SMS (short messaging service) and blogs, Twitter is a microblogging site that enables users to send messages, called tweets, to the world in 140 characters or less. Twitter is also highly accessible, integrating itself in various smartphones like the iPhone. According to comScore and other research sites, only 11% of its users are teenagers. Its used by companies, reporters, educators and even politicians in the case of Barack Obama’s unorthodoxed campaigning online.

Where it is in the food chain is highly suspect. At the moment, Twitter looks to have a bright future with companies looking to use the platform to reach out to its target consumers, a job twitter is flawless at. Its simplicity however, is a double-edged sword; although its consistently ranked top 5 in the list of social networks most used, it also has a very low retention rate (40% according to Nielson Online) with users dropping the service after a month.

Status: Growing

Personally, I found the service jarring. It’s literally ‘too much, too fast’. I’m one of those people with an unhealthy compulsion to reply to every message and in twitter, I’m like an addict getting a constant fix.

The statistics don’t agree with me though, so I’m gonna have to call it as it is.

Youtube

Youtube remains one of the largest and most effective video sharing site in the market. Naturally, with the improvement of digital technology, sharing videos was an obvious step for the online community. It’s not surprising that Youtube met with extraordinary popularity that’s still rising even today. Its reported that Youtube’s bandwitdh in 2007 consumed as much bandwitdh as the entire world wide web in 2000. Companies have engaged the site to market their products. Vloggers who were virtually unknown suddenly rose to massive fame. People suddenly lost hours of their day just watching videos on Youtube.

Although not a social networking site in the strict sense, Youtube does offer an immense level of connection in the form of comments, video replies, subscriber systems and private messaging. The site is easy to use, and highly accessible through most digital devices.

Status: Growing

The revenues earned from the site is gradually increasing, but Google still hasn’t figured out how the site can be used to earn profits. Youtube is constantly evolving and changing together with digital technology so it would stay in operation into the far future.

Other worthy mentions

Linkedin: More for the businessmen. A site that could widen your range of business contacts. Your profile page is your resume here.

Flickr: Although you can’t call it a social networking site in the strictest sense, the site offers more than just image sharing. You can also set up a profile, add friends and create groups.

Revver: The very first video hosting site to share all revenue generated by a video on their site with the video’s owner 50/50. Several video hosting sites are starting to do the same, but Revver shares revenue for all videos (Youtube requires you to have at least 500 subscribers).

Delicious: Hate the name, kinda. Its a social bookmarking site that’s pretty useful if other social news sites couldn’t already do the same. It takes it to a new level with rating systems however and is helpful when your in need of some recommendations into sites.

Digg: Same as Delicious in several respects. Digg has a top 100 Digg Users system that rewards top one hundred users with more traffic. You can ‘dig it’ or ‘bury it’ depending on how useful you thought the link was.

1969: ARPANET

Arpanet merupakan jaringan pertama yang berjalan diatas teknologi packet switching (saat itu masih baru dikenal). Pada tanggal 29 Oktober untuk pertama kalinya komputer yang berada di Standford and UCLA saling terhubung dalam sebuah jaringan komputer. Inilah yang merupakan cikal bakal berdirinya internet.

1969: Unix

Salah satu perkembangan terbesar di era 60-an adalah ditemukannya Unix. Sebuah sistem operasi yang kini menjadi dasar perkembangan sistem operasi lain seperti Linux dan FreeBSD (Sistem Operasi yang saat ini terkenal dengan ketangguhan dan kestabilannya).

1970: Arpanet Network
Sebuah jaringan bernama Arpanet Network resmi diluncurkan dan berhasil menghubungkan komputer-komputer di Harvard, MIT, dan BBN (perusahaan yang membuat dan mendesain interface message processor yang digunakan untuk interkoneksi dalam suatu jaringan.

1971: Email

Email pertama kali dikembangkan pada tahun 1971 oleh Ray Tomlinson, yaitu seorang yang juga menetapkan penggunaan simbol “@” sebagai pemisah antara username dengan computer name (yang nantinya berubah menjadi domain name).

1971: Project Gutenberg dan Ebook

Salah satu dari perkembangan besar pada tahun 1971 adalah dimulainya Proyek Gutenberg. Proyek ini merupakan kegiatan usaha global untuk membuat buku dan dokumen yang berada pada kehidupan sehari-hari menjadi tersedia dalam bentuk elktronik, dan dapat diakses / diperoleh secara bebas/gratis dalam berbagai format.

Proyek ini dimulai ketika Michael Hart memperoleh akses ke sebuah sistem block komputer yang cukup besar, dan kemudian menyadari bahwa perkembangan komputer di masa depan bukanlah merupakan komputer itu sendiri, tetapi lebih kepada penyimpanan, pengambilan informasi, dan perncarian informasi. Ia kemudian meluncurkan Proyek Gutenberg yang berisikan berbagai buku dalam format elektronik. Inilah yang merupakan cikal bakal dari eBook.

1972: CYCLADES
Perancis memulai proyek serupa dengan jaringan arpanet pada tahun 1972, yang dikenal dengan nama CYCLADES. Walaupun proyek ini tidak diteruskan lagi, proyek ini menjadikan pionir pertama yang memberikan ide bahwa: komputer host-lah yang seharusnya bertanggung jawab dalam transimisi data, ketimbang jaringan itu sendiri.

1973: Koneksi lintas Atlantik pertama dan Meningkatnya Popularitas Email
Arpanet membangun sambungan lintas atlantik pertamanya pada tahun 1973 bersama dengan Universitas London. Di tahun yang sama juga dikalkulasi bahwa Email memenuhi 75% trafik aktifitas jaringan Arpanet.

1974: Dimulainya Era TCP/IP

Tahun 1974 merupakan tahun yang sangat luar biasa. Diterbitkannya sebuah proposal yang bertujuan menggabungkan beberapa jaringan yang sejenis dengan Arpanet menjadi satu jaringan yang disebut “inter-network”, dimana jaringan ini tidak memiliki kontrol yang terpusat dan akan beroprasi berdasarkan suatu protokol kontrol tersendiri (Inilah yang nantinya akan berkembang menjadi TCP/IP)

1975: Email Klien
Dengan meningkatnya popularitas email, akhirnya dikembangkan program email modern pertama. Program ini dikembangkan oleh John vittal, seorang programmer di Universitas California pada tahun 1975. Sebuah teknologi terbesar yang dibuat pada program ini adalah diterapkannya fungsi “Reply” dan “Forward”.

1977: Modem PC
Tahun ini merupakan lonjakan yang revolusioner bagi Internet. Di tahun 1977 ini pertama kalinya dikembangkan sebuah alat bernama Modem (modulator/demodulator). Alat ini dikembangkan oleh Dennis Hayes dan Dale Heatherington.

1978: Buletin Board (BBS)
Buletin Board System peratama kali dikembangkan disaat terjadi kekacauan di Chicago pada tahun 1978.

1978: Lahirnya Spam
Tahun 1978 juga merupakan tahun dimana pertama kalinya sebuah pesan sampah yang biasa dikenal dengan istilah SPAM menyebar kepada 600 pengguna jaringan Arpanet di California. Pesan ini dikirimkan oleh user bernama Gary Thuerk.

1979: MUD- Game Multiplayer Pertama
Pendahulu dari World of Warcraft dan Second Life dikembangkan pertama kali pada tahun 1979 dan disebut dengan MUD (Multiuser Dungeon). MUD merupakan dunia yang seluruhnya berbasiskan teks. Merupakan game yang memiliki perpaduan elemen RPG, interaktif, fiksi, dan online chat.

1979: Usenet
Usenet pertama kali dibangun oleh dua orang mahasiswa. Merupakan sistem diskusi berbasis internet yang mengijinkan orang-orang dari seluruh dunia untuk membahas suatu topik yang telah di kategorisasikan.

1980: Software ENQUIRE
Organisasi Riset Nuklir Eropa (biasa dikenal dengan nama CERN) meluncurkan program bernama ENQUIERE (dibuat oleh Tim Berners-Lee), yaitu sebuah program hyperteks yang mengijinkan para ilmuwan di laboratorium fisika pratikel untuk mencatat perubahan kegiatan setiap orang, program, dan project menggunakan hyperteks (hyperlink).

1982: Emoticon pertama

Banyak orang yang mengidentikan Kevin MacKenzie dengan penemuan Emoticon pada tahun 1979, Namun Scott Fahlman lah yang pertama kali mempromosikan penggunaan disaat selesai bercanda, ketimbang emoticon awal – ) yang dipromosikan oleh MacKenzie. Inilah cikal bakal lahirnya emoticon modern.

1983: Arpanet beralih ke TCP/IP
1 Januari 1983, merupakan deadline yang diberikan kepada komputer-komputer Arpanet untuk beralih menggunakan protokol TCP/IP yang dikembangkan oleh Vinton Cerf. Protokol ini sukses menghubungkan beberapa ratus komputer. Name Server juga dikembangkan pada tahun 1983.

1984: Domain Name Server (DNS)
Domain Name System dibuat pada tahun 1984 bersamaan dengan Domain Name Server (DNS) pertama. DNS merupakan sistem yang sangan penting karena dapet membuat alamat yang ada pada internet menjadi lebih user friendly ketimbang IP Address yang berformat bilangan. Dengan DNS, pengguna internet dijinkan untuk menggunakan nama domain yang mudah diingat yang kemudian nantinya dapet dikonversi secara otomatis menjadi IP Addresss.

1985: Komunitas virtual
1985 merupakan tahun dikembangkannya The Well (Whole Earth ‘Lectronic Link) yang merupakan salah satu komunitas virtual tertua yang hingga kini masih beroperasi. Komunitas ini dikembangkan oleh Stewart Brand dan Larry Brilliant pada bulan Februari 1985.

1986: Protocol Wars
Sebuah kondisi yang desebut Protocol Wars dibulai pada tahun 1986. Negara-negara eropa pada saat itu sedang mengejar untuk membangun OSI (Open System Interconnection), sedangkan Amerika menggunakan Protokol Internet/Arpanet.

1987: Pertumbuhan Internet Meningkat
Di tahun 1987, telah terdapat sekitar 30.000 host terhubung ke Internet. Standard asli Arpanet sebenarnya membatasi jumlah host sebanyak 1000 host, namun berkat diadopsinya teknologi TCP/IP membuat jumlah host yang dapat terkoneksi menjadi semakin besar.

1988: IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) pertama kali dikembangkan pada tahun 1988. Inilah yang menjadi cikal bakal real-time chat dan program Instant messaging yang digunakan sekarang.

1989: Diluncurkannya AOL
Ketika Apple menarik mundur program Applelink di tahun 1989, project tersebut kemudian diberi nama baru yaitu American Online dan kemudian di publish kembali. AOL masih ada hingga kini.

1989: Proposal mengenai World Wide Web (WWW)
Di tahun 1989 juga proposal mengenai World Wide Web diumumkan. Proposal ini ditulis oleh Tim Berners-Lee. Proposal ini sebenarnya telah di publikasikan pada Majalah MacWorld edisi maret, dan kemudian di publikasi kembali pada Mei 1990. Proposal ini dibuat untuk meyakinkan CERN bahwa sistem hyperteks global merupakan sistem yang benar-benar dibutuhkan oleh CERN. Sistem ini awalnya disebut dengan “Mesh”. Istilah “World Wide Web” baru dicetuskan oleh Berners-Lee disaat menulis kode program pada tahun 1990.

1990: ISP Dial Up Komersial Pertama
Tahun 1990 merupakan tahun lahirnya ISP Dial Up pertama. Tahun 1990 juga merupakan tahun yang sama dimana Arpanet resmi berhenti beroperasi.

1990: Protokol World Wide Web Selesai Dibuat
Code untuk WWW pertama kali dibuat oleh Tim Berners-Lee, berdasarkan proposal yang diajukannya setahun sebelumnya bersama dengan standar untuk HTML, HTTP, dan URL.

1991: Halaman Web Pertama Dibuat
Tahun 1991 membawa banyak inovasi besar bagi perkembangan dunia Intenet. Halaman web untuk pertama kalinya dibuat dan seperti saat email pertama kali di luncurkan, email tersebut menjelaskan tentang apa itu email, halaman web pertama pun berisi penjelasan mengenai apakah yang dimaksud dengan World Wide Web itu sendiri.

1991: Protokol Pencarian Berbasis Konten
Di tahun yang sama juga, protokol pencarian pertama diluncurkan. Protokol ini bertugas untuk memeriksa isi konten ketimbang hanya memeriksa nama file saja. Protokol ini disebut dengan Gopher.

1991: MP3 Menjadi Sebuah Standar
Di tahun 1991 juga, sebuah format audio bernama MP3 resmi diakui dan diterima sebagai standar format audio. MP3 merupakan formal file audio yang terkompresi sangat tinggi.

1991: Webcam Pertama
Satu perkembangan lain yang menarik di 1991 adalah digunakannya Webcam untuk pertama kalinya di Laboratorium Komputer Universitas Cambridge dan ini semata-mata ditujukan hanya untuk memonitor sebuah coffee maker sehingga para pengguna laboratorium dapat menemukan jalan menuju coffee maker dengan mudah.

1993: Mosaic-Web Browser Berbasis Grafik Pertama Kali Diperkenalkan
Untuk pertama kalinya browser internet yang dapat di download secara bebas telah dirilis. Browser ini diberi dikenal dengan nama Mosaic. Meskipun secara sejarah Mosaic bukan merupakan web browser pertama, namun Mosaic merupakan web browser pertama yang dianggap paling dapat mempermudah pengaksesan internet bagi para pengguna non teknis.

1993: Bergabungnya Pemerintah Dalam Dunia Internet
Di tahun 1993 untuk pertama kalinya White House dan United Nation online. Domain name yang digunakan pertama kali adalah .gov dan .org

1994: Netscape Navigator
Yup, kompetitor besar Mosaic pertama. Netscape Navigator dirilis pada tahun 1994.

1995: Komersialisasi Internet
Tahun 1995 sering dianggap sebagai tahun pertama dimulainya web menjadi komersial. Ada beberapa perkembangan yang sangat penting terjadi di tahun ini. Untuk pertama kalinya enkripsi SSL (Secure Socket Layer) dikembangkan oleh Netscape. Dengan adanya SSL, diharapkan transaksi finansial yang dilakukan melalui Internet menjadi lebih aman.

1995: Geocities dan Javascript
Salah satu perkembangan besar di tahun ini adalah diluncurkannya Geocities (yang mana resmi di tutup pada tanggal 26 Oktober 2009).
Javascript (Livescript) sebutan yang deberikan oleh pembuatnya Brendan Eich di kembangkan untuk pertama kalinya sebagai bagian dari Netscape Navigator. Di tahun yang sama juga, Microsoft mengembakan ActiveX.

1996: Layanan Webmail Pertama

Di tahun 1996, Hotmail yang merupakan layanan webmail pertama diluncurkan ke public.

1997: Istilah “Weblog” diperkenalkan
meskipun blog pertama telah ada sekitar beberapa tahun sebelumnya, di tahun 1997 inilah istilah resmi weblog digunakan.

1998: Cerita Pertama Yang Dibocorkan Melalu Media Online
Berita besar yang pertama kali dibocorkan melalui Internet adalah berita tentang skandal antara Bill Clinton dan Mocica Lewinsky. Atau biasa dikenal dengan istilah Monicagate.

1998: Google!

Google diluncurkan dan tersedia secara umum pada tahun 1998. Google merupakan teknologi revolusioner yang dapat memudahknan orang untuk menemukan informasi di dunia maya.

1998: Lahirnya Internet Based File Sharing
Di tahun 1998 juga, napster resmi diluncurkan yang akhirnya membuka gerbang pertukaran file audio besar-besaran secara online.

1999: Proyek SETI@Home
Tahun 1999 satu lagi proyek yang cukup menarik tersedia secara online. Proyek SETI@home ini merupakan proyek yang bertujuan untuk membuat sistem komputer yang setara dengan kemampuan supercomputer dengan cara mengendalikan komputasi dan menghubungkan komputer-komputer sebanyak 3 juta unit worldwide. SETI@home akan menggunakan processsor disaat idle / screen saver aktif yang menandakan komputer sedang tidak digunakan. Program SETI@home merupakan aplikasi yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisa data radio teleskop dengan tujuan untuk mencari tanda-tanda keberadaan kehidupan ekstraterestrial.

2001: Wikipedia
Di tahun 2001 ditandai dengan diluncurkannya wikipedia, yaitu sebuah ensiklopedia berbasis web dimana setiap pengguna internet dimungkinkan untuk dapat berpartisipasi langsung di dalamnya.

2003: Meningkatnya Teknologi VoIP
Skype meluncurkan layanannya secara resmi di tahun 2003 dan menawarkan interface yang user friendly dalam menggunakan percakapan over IP.

2003: Myspace Menjadi Layanan Social Network Terpopuler
Di tahun 2003 juga, Myspace memulai perjalanannya sebagai sebuah aplikasi social networking yang kemudian tumbuh menjadi aplikasi social network terpopuler dan terbesar di saat itu. (Sebelum diambil  alih oleh facebook).

2004: Web 2.0
Dirumuskan pertama kali pada tahun 1999 oleh Darcy DiNucci. Istilah Web 2.0 lebih mengarah ke website dah Rich Internet Application (RIA) yang benar-benar sangat interaktif. Konsep ini kemudian menjadi populer di tahun 2004.
Dalam konferensi awal mengenai web 2.0, John Batelle dan Tim O’Reilly menerangkan mengenai konsep “Web sebagai platform” yaitu software dibuat untuk mengambil keuntugan dari koneksi internet, meninggalkaan konsep desktop (dimana banyak memiliki kekurangan seperti OS dependency).

2004: Social Media dan Digg
Istilah “Social Media” diyakini pertama kali digunakan oleh Chris Sharpley. Website social media adalah merupakan sebuah aplikasi berbasis web yang mengijnkan penggunanya untuk membuat dan saling berbagi mengenai informasi tertentu.
Digg, merupakan sebuah website social media yang diluncurkan pertama klai pada bulan November 2004. Merupakan pelopor website lainnya seperti Reddit, Mixx, dan yahoo! Buzz.

2004: Facebook Pertama Kali Dibuka Untuk Kalangan Mahasiswa

Facebook pertama kali diluncurkan pada tahun 2004, dan saat itu hanya dibuka untuk kalangan mahasiswa. Saat peluncuran pertama kali facebook dikenal dengan naman “The Facebook”, yang kemudian berubah menjadi “Facebook”. Hingga kini URL http://www.thefacebook.com masih tetap akhif.

2005: Youtube – Video Streaming
Youtube diluncurkan pada tahun 2005, menawarkan layanan online video hosting secara gratis yang kemudian dapat di sharing kepada pengguna lain.

2006: Twitter
Twitter diluncurkan pada tahun 2006. Awalnya tweeter ingin deberi nama “twittr” (terinspirasi dari Flickr). Pesan pertama yang ada pada tweeter pada saat itu adalah “Just setting up my twttr”.

2007: TV Online
Hulu pertama kali diluncurkan pada tahun 2007 dan merupakan kerjasama antara AVC, NBC, dan Fox yang bertujuan untuk membuat acara yang populer di televisi tersedia secara online dan dapat di tonton secara online.

2007: iPhone dan Mobile Web

Inovasi terbesar di tahun 2007 hampir dapat dipastikan adalah iPhone yang merupakan hasil dari kerjakeras Apple dalam usahanya memadukan keindahan desain, kemampuan telepon selular, dan teknologi komputer.

2008: Pemilu Berbasis Internet
Pemilihan Umum pertama yang berbasis internet dilakukan pertama kali pada tahun 2008 pada saat pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serikat. Untuk pertama kalinya lah para kandidat menggunakan seluruh potensi yang dimiliki oleh internet untuk melakukan kampanye mereka. Dimulai dengan Hillary Cliinton yang membuat video kampanye melalui youtube. Kemudian disusul dengan kandidat lainnya. Para kandidat bahkan memiliki halaman di website social networking seperti facebook, twitter, dan lainnya.

source :

http://sixrevisions.com/resources/the-history-of-the-internet-in-a-nutshell/

C++ allows the programmer to do some really cool things. When writing code I try to follow the Google C++ Style Guide, so I haven’t gotten much experience with the fringe areas of default parameters. A question was recently asked on the comp.lang.c++.moderated usenet group where the OP wanted to place a member function as the default argument, a la:

class foo {
 int getInteger();
 void doSomething(int i = getInteger()) { }
};

Many of the responses said that he should overload doSomething as a nullary function and call the original doSomething with the return value of the member function. Within most of these comments was one from Neil Butterworth, who mentioned that the reason this isn’t possible is because the this pointer is not available until the body of the function. He offered that the OP could make getInteger a static function.

class foo {
 static int getInteger();
 void doSomething(int i = getInteger()) { }
 };

And if you don’t believe him, you can use the Comeau C/C++ Online Compiler to see for yourselves.

I thought this was really cool. While I may not have a use for it at the moment, it is questions like these that are great conversation starters. About a month ago I subscribed to the clcm mailing list and I now recommend it to others as a way to learn different uses of C++ and interesting conversations about the language.

1. @gvw1990 Wiesz, ja myślę, że ona naoglądała się na emigracji tylu dziwacznych postaw wśród Polonii, że jej się EM niestety z tym kojarzy…about 24 hours ago from web in reply to gvw1990
2. @mamakatarzyna A ja tam lubię Kasię P. No i w ogóle mam słabość do tego imienia, muszę się przyznać.about 24 hours ago from web in reply to mamakatarzyna
3. @gvw1990 Kaśka Pyzol jest kochana. A zdaje się cirk jej ostatnio napisała, że reprezentuje michnikowszczyznę…:-)))1:04 PM Oct 29th from web in reply to gvw1990

www.wikipedia.org

Dokładnie 40 lat temu, 29 października 1969 roku, doszło do wiekopomnego wydarzenia: nawiązano połączenie pomiędzy dwoma komputerami znajdującymi się w Los Angeles oraz Stanford. Był to początek pierwszej sieci komputerowej, Arpanetu, będącego projektem wojskowej agencji ARPA. Przed końcem roku sieć – wtedy jeszcze nie światowa – liczyła już 4 hosty. Tak zaczynał rodzić się internet…

Rok później sieć sięgnęła wschodniego wybrzeża Stanów: kolejne komputery służące jako hosty pojawiły się w Harvardzie oraz MIT, a także w firmie BBN Technologies. W tym samym czasie na Hawajach powstawał Alohanet. Gdy sieć wypełzła poza Amerykę, wszystko poszło już z górki. Oto w skrócie ostatnie 40 lat tego wynalazku, który odmienił oblicze cywilizacji…

Powstała krótko po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej firma BBN była jednym z pionierów, kształtujących oblicze internetu we wczesnych latach siedemdziesiątych. To właśnie pracownik BBN, Ray Tomlinson, zaprojektował w 1971 roku elektroniczną pocztę i zaproponował, aby nazwę konta od nazwy domeny oddzielać znakiem małpy (@). Ray opowiadał o tym w wywiadzie udzielonym w latach 90.:

Już rok później w technologiczną pogoń ruszyła Europa. We Francji rozpoczęto projekt Cyclades – odpowiednik amerykańskiego Arpanetu – który jednak został zamknięty dekadę później, gdyż nie sprostał konkurencyjnej sieci tworzonej przez francuską… pocztę. W kolejnych latach macki internetu sięgały coraz dalej, z kolejnymi hostami pojawiającymi się w Norwegii oraz Wielkiej Brytanii.

I właśnie w Wielkiej Brytanii, w roku 1976, zgłotymi zgłoskami, lub raczej elektronicznymi zgłoskami, w historii internetu zapisuje się pierwsza koronowana głowa na Ziemi – królowa Elżbieta II wysyła w ramach inicjalizacji połączenia z Arpanetem pierwszego maila z RSRE. Pierwszym wybranym (a nie koronowanym) przywódcą państwa, który wysłał e-maila, stał się wiele lat później Bill Clinton.

Pierwszą dekadę istnienia internetu zamyka z hukiem dwóch studentów z Karoliny Północnej. Tom Truscott i Jim Ellis dają w 1979 roku początek ogólnoświatowej sieci grup dyskusyjny – Usenetowi. Usenet jako pierwszy, wprowadza hierarchię i strukturę w internecie, dzieląc grupy pod kątem tematycznym. Także w 1979 pojawiła się pierwsza emotikona: tzw. tongue-in-cheek: “-)”, stworzona przez Kevina Mackenzie (tu łącznik nie oznaczał nosa, jak we współczesnych emotach, ale język). Nie przyjęła się jednak, chociaż design emotikonek używanych współcześnie podążył później już utartym szlakiem. W 1982 roku Scott Fahlman zaproponował stosowanie “:-)” do wyrażania emocji, a znaczek szybko przyjął się zarówno w Arpanecie, jak i Usenecie.

Połowa lat 80. stała się świadkiem prawdopodobnie pierwszych internetowych wojen – tzw. protocol wars. W historii każdej technologii rozwijanej przez dwa lub więcej niezależnych ośrodków musi prędzej czy później dojść do starcia w kwestii standardów. Te uznane za lepsze – czy to bardziej rozwinięte, czy to bardziej obiecujące, czy też te, za którymi odpowiednio długo lobbowano – stają się po jakimś czasie obowiązujące. W XXI wieku mogliśmy to zaobserwować w przypadku technologii Blu-ray oraz HD DVD. W latach osiemdziesiątych pojedynek toczył się pomiędzy używanym dzisiaj protokołem internetowym (który stworzyła ARPA), a używanym wówczas powszechnie w Europie protokołem Open System Interconnection (OSI). No i zgadnijcie co? Oczywiście internet wygrał…

Drugie dziesięciolecie internetu zamyka kolejny epokowy wynalazek: hiperłącze. Pracujący w CERN Tim Berners-Lee proponuje system, w którym błyskawiczny dostęp do danych znajdujących się na innych komputerach uzyskuje się dzięki specjalnym łączom: (ta-da!) hiperłączom. System pomyślany był w sposób, który miał ułatwić wymianę informacji w środowisku naukowym. Jak każda technologiczna rewolucja szybko jednak stał się uniwersalny, zaś Berners-Lee jest dzisiaj uznawany za ojca WWW (World Wide Web, był on zresztą także autorem tej nazwy…).

W latach 90. wszystko już potoczyło się z prędkością światła. Rok 1990 zobaczył pierwszą prawdziwą stronę internetową, będącą jednocześnie stroną meta wyjaśniającą, czym jest. Berners-Lee, uskrzydlony sukcesem WWW, stworzył zaś pierwszy katalog internetowy. Trzy lata później świat zaczęła podbijać Mosaic. Nie była to co prawda pierwsza przeglądarka graficzna, ale jako pierwsza otworzyła drzwi internetu przed zwykłymi zjadaczami chleba. I została za to odpowiednio upamiętniona:

www.wikipedia.org

Końcówka lat 90. mogła zaś obserwować jak prędko rodzą się i upadają w tym nowym świecie potęgi: w 1994 rynek podbijał Netscape, który swą karierę zakończył dwa lata temu. Zanim to jednak nastąpiło, firma zdążyła zaznaczyć się w historii internetu wprowadzając w 1995 roku do obiegu protokół SSL. Jest to także rok narodzin witryny Amazon.com… Rok później użytkownicy dostają do ręki niezwykłe narzędzie: pierwszy komercyjny e-mail: HoTMaiL, zaś w 1997 roku Justin Hall staje się pierwszym bloggerem w historii.

Nad ostatnią dekadą można się rozwodzić miesiącami. Albo zamknąć ją w jednym wyrażeniu: serwisy społeczne. Myspace, youtube, facebook, twitter, wikipedia, 4chan, czy wreszcie polskie nasza-klasa i blip. Internet po czterech dekadach trafił pod strzechy w kazdym możliwym tego słowa znaczeniu. Nie ma przed nim ucieczki. Co dla jednych jest straszne, a dla innych piękne…

Czym internet jest dla Was, tego nie wiem, ale ja będę dzisiaj hucznie obchodził jego 40. urodziny!

In some ways I’m lucky, I’ve been with social networking since the beginning. Usenet, Geocities, Angelfire, and Livejournal…I had them all. Further I remember how much of a pain they were to use. I remember the spam, the hours trying to get your page to look just right, and so forth. I never thought I would miss it; I was wrong.

Today with Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, and so forth it is almost TOO easy to make a social portal. There is no appreciation for what has been created and because of this the users are not really invested in engaging their pages visitors. Whats worse is that visitors EXPECT not to be engaged, so if you try you just get ignored. People just want to stalk each other now.

Long conversations about everything from World Peace to Farts are gone. The content is basic, canned, unoriginal, and frankly annoying. I can’t remember the last time I had a thought provoking conversation on a social site, even though all the tools are there and extremely easy to use.

In the beginning I had hope the internet would save our society from becoming populated by a bunch of complacent morons. Instead of that brave new world social media sites have become 5th Grade Dances. Little status updates, pictures with no captions, pokes, tweets, and app invites are the norm now. Everyone is standing on the sidelines and no one wants to dance. It’s sad really.

It occurred to me today that I’ve been using e-mail for almost a quarter century. That’s more than half my life.

The lowly VT100

I first e-mailed at Rose-Hulman in 1985 on a VAX, using a VT100 terminal. My first e-mail was probably a request to an operator (what we now call a system administrator), but soon my friends and I all figured out that we could efficiently contact each other this way, seeing as all of us passed through the Computing Center several times a day. Yes, we had to go to a central location to read and write our e-mails. And there was no e-mail to computers other than the VAX; it wasn’t networked with anything. The very idea!

In 1989, a friend introduced me to Terre Haute’s computer bulletin board scene. A BBS was a computer that had software on it that served up e-mail, message forums, file shares, games, and chat rooms. You dialed into it with your modem; if somebody else was online, you got a busy signal and had to wait. There were many different BBS software platforms available, but most of the BBSes in Terre Haute used WWIV, which ran on DOS.

WWIV's main menu

Terre Haute’s BBS community was large and active, and we had a lot of fun together online. We even started meeting in person. At first our gatherings were tentative and informal, but as we gelled we started having parties, summertime cookouts, and even a couple late-fall hog roasts. Those of us old enough to imbibe began meeting at a different local bar each week for a few brews. We called ourselves the Tuesday Night Drinking Society, and we had one rule: We never met on Tuesday.

At about the same time, the software company I worked for got connected to the Internet backbone (via a token-ring local network; remember those?). I’ve had more e-mail addresses than I can remember, but I’ll never forget my first one: jwg@acd4.acd.com. (I worked for Applied Computing Devices, Inc., hence acd.com. acd4 was our mail server’s name.) The first Internet e-mail I sent was to a friend who worked out in Silicon Valley, 2,000 miles away. I was amazed that I could write him a note and he could respond in seconds! We got no work done that afternoon as we e-mailed back and forth. It seems so commonplace today, but outside elite academic and scientific circles (which had had the Internet since the 1970s) this was as groundbreaking at the time as it was for a 1920s farmer to receive his first long-distance telephone call.

Emacs logo

But the Internet was still all text-based. I had figured out how to make my beloved Emacs text editor handle e-mail and USENET feeds; I’m pretty sure I used gnus. USENET is a worldwide forum on any topic you can imagine. Oh my goodness, the time I sunk into discussions on USENET. You can still find many of those discussions thanks to Google Groups’ archive. Here’s the oldest one of my posts that I can find, from 1992, plus a 1994 post from a brief trip along US 40 in Ohio (from before my inner roadgeek was awakened). Anyway, Emacs and gnus are still around, but I haven’t used UNIX in 15 years; I have long since come to the dark side of Windows.

NCSA Mosaic logo

That happened in 1994 when I moved to Indianapolis and became an editor for the company that used to publish the …For Dummies books. That’s where I became aware of the World Wide Web, which had been born in about 1990 but didn’t really get anywhere until about 1993 when the NCSA Mosaic browser was born. I downloaded version 0.9 to my computers at work and at home and spent happy hours surfing the nascent Web. It’s hard to imagine now how small the Web was then – it was possible in 1994 to visit every page added to the Web each day. It’s also hard to imagine now a Web that was primarily static text with an occasional GIF or JPEG image thrown in.

This was the Web in 1994, kiddies

In the Web’s early days, you wrote your HTML by hand in a text editor. One of my fellow editors fought for about a year, but finally convinced the higher-ups that we needed to publish a how-to guide that demystified writing Web pages. When it came off the press in 1995, I got a copy and started building my first personal Web page. My dialup Internet account came with modest Web hosting, so I published it there.

That page evolved into my current Web presence at www.jimgrey.net. I no longer code my HTML by hand; I use Microsoft FrontPage. As the Internet has become a fixture in modern life, the amount of geekery I’ve been willing to employ in using it has dropped to almost zero, limited entirely to occasional HTML tweaking of my blog or personal site. I’ve grown lazy! I can’t imagine firing up Emacs to check my messages, using its arcane keyboard commands to get around, reading everything in monospaced text. I was willing to do that when the Internet was interesting as a technical toy. But today, what the Internet delivers is interesting and valuable, and I want the easiest and fastest way to access it. I hardly watch TV anymore, but I spend lots of time on YouTube and Hulu. At Christmastime, I set up Pandora to play endless holiday songs for my family. I keep up with my sons’ progress in school via an ANGEL Learning implementation (which, by the way, several of my colleagues helped build). When I need to know pretty much anything, I ask Google. And, of course, I still have discussions in forums and compulsively check my e-mail. The oldest applications of all this technology remain, I think, the best.

Read about how taking a speech class in high school launched me on my geek-ridden career.

Alright, I just have to get this off my chest:

If you make a claim, it is your responsibility to back it up.

That means that if you claim that same-sex marriage will have an effect on opposite-sex marriages, it is your responsibility to back it up.

Likewise, if you claim that someone who is accepted as an authority on a subject is wrong, it is your responsibility to provide evidence that they are. The accepted authority should have already provided their evidence of their claims, otherwise there is no reason for them to be accepted as an authority.

Seriously, Ive been debating someone on usenet (yeah, I know) on the subject of the Treaty of Tripoli. Here’s roughly how it’s gone:

Me: [Provides article 11 of the Treaty of Tripoli]

Him: But that’s not in the original Arabic version!

Me:  It doesn’t matter. The English translation, including article 11, was ratified by Congress, the Senate, and The President, who also happened to be a founding father. Here are some sources…

Him: But… It’s not a binding treaty! It’s a non-binding unilateral motion! I order you to show me the original Arabic version! Fag!

Since I’m apparently quite the masochist, I responded.

Me: [Provides an authoritative source stating that the English translation- which includes article 11- was, indeed, a binding treaty in the US]

[Points out that the original Arabic version wasn't the one ratified by the US gov't, and that they apparently had no issue ratifying the document containing article 11.]

Him: You’re wrong! The US gov’t ratifying the document containing article 11 is irrelevant! I order you to provide the original Arabic version! Fag!

Me: *headdesk*

Seriously, you want to argue that an authoritative source is wrong? Be my guest. But please, for the love of all that is good in this world, remember that “because I said so” is not evidence.

A la hora de descargar de internet, existen diferentes alternativas. Tres de las más utilizadas son la red BitTorrent, las descargas “directas” (Megaupload, Rapidshare y similares) y usenet (la más antigua, y a pesar de ello bastante desconocida).

La elección entre estas tres alternativas no es fácil, entre otras razones, porque la elección depende del perfil del usuario. Por eso me he decidido a analizar las tres alternativas desde mi experiencia personal.

BitTorrent:

Pros:

• Gratuita (salvo que decidas donar en un tracker privado).
• Ideal para descargar contenidos recientes (series de TV, películas, música).
• Es posible descargar archivos a través del feed (como por ejemplo nuestras series favoritas).

Contras:

• Torrents con más de 1 mes de antigüedad tienen pocos seeders, y por lo tanto la velocidad de reduce drásticamente.
• La velocidad de descarga de contenidos españoles suele ser baja, especialmente cuando nos queda poco para acabar (muchos leechers y pocos seeders).
• Los archivos grandes tardan bastante en tener suficientes seeders (Salvo en el caso de trackers privados).
• Abrir puertos no está al alcance de todos

Descargas directas:

Pros:

• Abundante contenido en español.
• Podemos ver casi todas las series y películas online (se recomienda una cuenta premium en Megaupload).
• Exprimen al máximo nuestra conexión, especialmente si tenemos una cuenta premium.

Contras:

• Demasiados servidores de descarga directa (aunque Rapidshare y Megaupload son los más utilizados) lo que puede hacer difícil elegir en cual comprar una cuenta premium.
• Los “graciosos” que se dedican a denunciar archivos, lo que provoca que muchos archivos no duren ni un día activos.
• La mania que tienen algunos uploaders de poner contraseña a los archivos
• Los limites de las cuentas free (descargar un DVD-R desde Rapidshare puede convertirse en toda una pesadilla)

Usenet:

Pros:

• Contenidos en alta definición. Todas las series y películas recientes disponibles en alta definición.
• Porno. En mi opinión solo este punto justifica rascarse el bolsillo.
• Exprime al máximo nuestra conexión. Posibilidad de elegir el orden de descarga
• Conexiones cifradas (SSL 256 Bit).

Contras

• El más caro de las tres alternativas (aunque en mi caso pago menos del 10 euros al mes. Cuidado con proveedores como Usenext.
• Soporte bastante deficiente para Linux
• Pocos contenidos en español (el que menos de los tres).

Google bug fixes Google Groups: Still, Google is an ad company, not a modern Library of Alexandria; http://j.mp/1N7N8t

The word “Herf” is used liberally throughout the online cigar community and  I think a lot of people probably don’t know it’s origins.    I was a frequent contributor to the alt.smokers.cigars (ASC)  Usenet group at the time the term appeared and have re-printed below the definitive origin of the term “Herf” as posted by the esteemed Mr. John Chunko on alt.smokers.cigars on May 4, 1998:

HERF… to herf; herfing; herfers; the ASC Philly Herf;
the Gellman Office Herf; Herfedor; Fart Nard Herfing;
circle-herfs; herf-off; an after-dinner herf;
the San Francisco Herf; Gentlemen, you may herf…

HERF – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The un-official word of ASC is Herf. Herf is a unique part
of speech. It can be correctly used as a noun, a verb, an
adjective, an adverb, an infinitive, a prefix, a suffix and
an explicative. The arcane word “herf” first entered the
ASC lexicon on November 21, 1996, and was quickly elevated
to frenetic and common use by ASCers. The Prince of Skeeves
(aloys…@gte.net) exposed ASC to the word herf in a casual
posting to the group… however it was ASCers, as a budding
collective, who took the word and made it divine. Herf is
now virulently spreading to worldwide common use as hip
cigar parlance.

HERF – CHRONOLOGY:

As for the _origin_ of Herf, here’s the History of Herf
(it’s a matter of record on DejaNews)…<now Google Groups>
The word “herf” first appeared on ASC…
——– [post quoted below] ———————————-
It was November 21, 1996… the elections were over,
and “herf” unceremoniously beams into our lexicon…
And, you were there (here’s the exact post)…
******************************************************
> Subject: worst cigars IMHO
> From: aloys…@gte.net (Prince of Skeeves)
> Date: 1996/11/21
> Message-ID: <571i9b$…@news3.gte.net>
> Newsgroups: alt.smokers.cigars
> I bought a Canaria d’Oro(sic?)Robusto out of curiousity
> and it was really a horrible, stale,grassy smoke with a
> peed-on taste. I gave it about 2 inches before I put it
> out. Also, anything Macanudo…I tried several when I
> first began smoking cigars and found them all to be very
> bland and almost impossible to herf, they were so tightly
> wrapped. I think the list of `Mediocre Smokes’ for most
> folks would be huge.

<http://groups.google.com/group/alt.smokers.cigars/browse_thread/thread/55d33094dad52477/f1a8baef7888fa05?hl=en&q=worst+cigars+IMHO#f1a8baef7888fa05>

******************************************************
And, the voices of ASCers cry out immediately…
saying, “what is this _herf_ thing?”
In answer… on November 23, Prince of Skeeves elucidates,
Message-ID: <5770op$…@news1.gte.net>:
> To `herf’ is to draw on a cigar.
The voices of ASC follow in chorus: “this herf thing… it is good”
And, in a grand gesture, full grace is shared…

- Show quoted text -
——– [end quoted post] ———————————-
So, that’s the herf story… on 11/21/96 “Prince of Skeeves” (whoever
he/she/it is/was) introduced our newsgroup to its very own beloved word…
And, as a bonus…

HERF LEVITY:

Herf… a word which is now spreading to virtually all corners of the cigar
world… thanks to the likes of the many and varied distinguished herfing
enthusiasts (herfnicks)… such as:

• the good Dr. Miguelit (used on his many national radio interviews),

• Mr. Lew Rothman (used proudly and prominently on JR’s Winter
catalog issue’s front cover),

• ASC elder Mr. Bob Curtis (used liberally all over the ICG website),

• the Hon. Steven Saka (used strategically at least four times in the
course of the 1997 New Hampshire state senatorial debate and
once as an invective following the debate’s broadcast, which,
btw, was televised on CSPAN-3 to over a half-billion viewers
worldwide, including the space shuttle mission crew),

• Connie Whittager, perky weatherwoman on Montgomery, Alabama’s
WKKG-TV (used to describe the fog which paralyzed suburban
roadways for two straight days in April 1997… in an interview
on the Weather Channel, she explained, “…motorists were advised
to avoid the western beltway and all lakeside arteries due to a
stationary fog bank thicker than a hundred hounddogs herfin’
Hondurans in a hayloft”, and

• by Jorge Jesus Delgado, Jr., now departed, (who ardently
pleaded to “herf a cigar” before his execution in the
Texas death-house in October 1997)…

…just to mention a few of the notables!

PS: Remember… November 21 is World Herfing Day!!!

Sorry you asked, huh?!

Regards,
…JC
_______________________________________________________________
I have attended many herfs, hosted a few herfs, and herfed many cigars over the years.  Obviously there are references in the above post that are unique to the ASC community at the time.  The Google Groups archive of alt.smokers.cigars can be a very useful resource for cigar information, as well as some very funny threads.   Over the 10 year span that I was a contributor, I was fortunate to have met hundreds of fellow posters at herfs and crawls all over the country.  I have many friends today that I wouldn’t have met otherwise.  If you have the chance, go to a herf, even if you don’t know one person, I bet you will have a great time!  Cigar smokers are generally a pretty friendly bunch!

A Typical Herf Scene

Until next time,

CigarCraig

Oryginał artykułu został umieszczony w 6 lutego 2006 roku na forum pl.sci.filozogia. Był rozszerzeniem pierwszej wersji, która została opublikowana 17 października 2005 roku.

Szanowni Panstwo, chcialbym przedstawić Państwu pewną koncepcję filozofowania. Mam nadzieję, że postarają się Panstwo upublicznić ją lub będzie to dla Państwa powodem do namysłu. Każdy przyszły filozof często natyka sie na pytanie co można robić po zakończeniu studiów. Cześć z nich, łącznie ze mną, marzy o tym, aby nadal robić coś związanego z filozofią. Jednak, jak powszechnie wiadomo, te studia jako jedne z niewielu nie pozwalają na prace w zawodzie. Czy aby na pewno?

W trakcie przygotowań do zajeć natrafiłem na pewne interesujące informacje dotyczace praktyki czy tez poradnictwa filozoficznego. Wstępne rozeznanie w temacie pozwala mi wysłać tę wiadomość.

Poniżej zamieszczam keyword do Google i linki:

keywords:

philosophische praxis

philosophische beratung

lub philosophical practice

philosophical counselling

LINKI:

www.igpp.org

www.g-pp.de

Teraz co do moich wiadomości:

Filozoficzna praktyka lub poradnictwo, jak to jest nazywane, pojawiła się za sprawą Gerda Achenbacha, ktory w 1982 r. otworzył w Niemczech pierwszy gabinet i zaczął przyjmować “gości”. W następnych latach powstało międzynarodowe stowarzyszenie. Działalnosc filozofów lub, często, psychologów rozwijała się. Obecnie działają towarzystwa oraz “doradcy” w Niemczech, Szwajcarii, Austrii, Wielkiej Brytanii, Izraelu, USA i Australii.

Ważne jest, że osoby korzystające z pomocy praktyka/doradcy nie są nazywane klientami badź pacjentami, ale wlaśnie gościami.

Na czym to polega ? Pierwsze, wiekszość z doradców przyjmuje pewne zasady. Najczęściej dotyczą one :

- różnic pomiędzy ludźmi tj. każdy jest inny;

- nastawienia na naukę tj. doradca powinien wczuć się w położenie gościa i jego problemy;

- obowiązku “nie zmieniania goscia” tj. takiego prowadzenia pomocy, aby nie przekonywać gościa do swoich pogladów;

Te zasady nie są jedyne. Istnieje wiele innych nakazów, które, oparte na doświadczeniu, mają pomoc. Przekształcają one spotkanie dwóch osób z sytuacji, gdy “pacjent” przychodzi po poradę do “lekarza” w rozmowę dwóch jednostek ludzkich, ktore chcą wspólnie rozwiazać problem gościa.

Zadanie to mozna przedstawić jako współpracę pilota z nawigatorem statku (jak sądzę, chodzi o to, ze pilot pomaga uniknąć mielizn, ale to nawigator caly czas steruje okrętem).

Drugie, zakres problemów, który jest poruszany nie należy do psychologii lub psychoterapii. Porady dotyczą :

- sensu życia

- etyki

- organizowania i kierowania życiem

- orientacji zawodowej i życiowej

- śmierci, żałoby i separacji itp.(za www.philosophischepraxis.de)

Trzecie, cel jest, jak sądzę, oczywisty, pomoc drugiemu człowiekowi.

Czwarte, miejsce i sposób. Porady są najczęściej udzielane w gabinecie, niektórzy doradcy pomagają przez telefon lub e-mail. Sposób jest wynikiem przyjętych zasad i doświadczenia.

Piate, honorarium. Wszyscy oni z tego żyją. W zależnosci od miejsca jest to kwota 30-100 Euro za godzine. U niektórych, pierwsza konsultacja jest bezpłatna, u innych stawka jest wynikiem umowy.

Szóste, w Polsce też istnieje “Poradnia filozoficzna” (www.poradniafilozoficzna.prv.pl), ale jak zdążyłem zauważyć, nie jest to nic wspólnego z tym o czym piszę powyżej. Porady są udzielane via e-mail. Najcięższym zarzutem jest jednak to, ze są to najczęściej odpowiedzi na pytanie z punktu widzenia wykształconego filozofa, czyli ogladające problem z wielu stron, analizujące wszelkie aspekty i nie odpowiadające na pytanie w końcu. O ile dobrze zrozumiałem, doradca filozoficzny chce pomóc gościowi w ten sposób, ze opierając się na swojej wiedzy i doświadczeniu prowadzi rozmowę tak, aby oni razem doszli do satysfakcjonujących odpowiedzi tj. takich, które pomagają gościowi. Zmusza i uczy gościa do myślenia.

Problemy:

1. Czy etyczne jest pobieranie honorarium za taką pracę, która, jak sądzę nieudolnie, starałem się przedstawić ? Czy to jeszcze filozofia, czy juz sofisteria ? Lub coś na pograniczu ?

2. Nie wiem jak zachowa się doradca w obliczu osoby, ktora w trakcie porady dochodzi do wniosku, ze powinna popełnić przestępstwo. Czy doradca przekonuje do własnego poglądu na tę sprawę, czy manipuluje gościem, aby nie dopuścić do tego ?

Literatura: Nie istnieje w języku polskim, oprocz tłumaczeń książek P. Hadota, ktore sa polecane przez www.igpp.de. Ale istnieje w języku angielskim i niemieckim. To jest dość dużo tytułów.

Dziękuję Państwu za uwagę i życzę miłego dnia.

Jacek Wolski,

student 2 roku,

IF UW.

To był pierwszy raz jak wypowiadałem się na forum grupy pl.sci.filozofia.

16 tahun lalu, istilah spam digunakan pertama kali oleh Joel Furr, seorang administrator pada sistem Usenet. Joel menggunakan istilah spam untuk menunjukkan postingan yang tidak berguna di Usenet. Tapi kemudian,istilah ini jadi diasosiasikan dengan e-mail sampah.

Sekarang, tahukah anda kapan kali pertama e-mail sampah mulai dikirimkan? Mungkin yang bisa menjadi contoh kali pertamanya adalah e-mail yang dikirimkan oleh seorang bagian pemasaran di sebuah firma komputer pada bulan Mei 1978. Di dalam e-mail tersebut, ia mengirimkan undangan ke semua pengguna Arpanet. (news.bbc.co.uk)

Hashtags are essentially a simple way to catalog and connect tweets about a specific topic. They make it easier for users to find additional tweets on a particular subject, while filtering out the incidental tweets that may just coincidentally contain the same keyword. Hashtags are also often used by conference and event organizers as a method of keeping all tweets about the event in a single stream, and they’ve even been used to coordinate updates during emergencies.

via HOW TO: Use Twitter Hashtags for Business.

Not a whole lot to say on the content of the article itself as its pretty basic and self explanatory.  What I find interesting, though, is the hashtag idea itself.  It breaks the idea of a social network because you’re no longer just broadcasting to your friends, you’re attaching a global tag that can be found anywhere.  I wonder what would happen if Usenet were introduced as a new product today?  That’s essentially what we’re looking at with tags, except for the character limits.

The fun part about Usenet was that it created community by starting with the tags (group names, as topics, are essentially just tags).  Twitter, though, starts with a loose community and has now emergently added tags to it.  What do the network maps look like for both services?  It seems to me that Usenet was actually a more ’social’ service in the sense that new communities were formed…users used to be more atomic, whereas now they’re more locked in to their individual, pre-determined circles.  Not that Usenet was a utopia of course, even the groups that weren’t overrun by spam, porn, and binaries eventually developed into impenetrable tribal cliques…but that seems to be largely how Twitter is starting out.

Some forms of Polonia’s presence on the web are lasting longer than the others, but phpBB isn’t the lasting type.

Here are some random examples of Polonia www presence w/o any particular order:

• “blog” Krupińskiego
• Polskie Paszporty – Nie Dajmy sie Opodatkowac
• Independent Polonia Wiki
• Forum Dyskusyjne
• Roman Antoszewski, IHUG Index zmiany
  • Roman Antoszewski, IHUG INDEX
  • Konopnicka, Pan Balcer, Spis tresci
  • Polonia
• Boomerang, czyli Backup Wiarusa
• Emigranci w UK
• Kraj utracony
• Kup pan paszport
• Latarnik
• Margotek w Szwecji
• Marzenkowo
• Polska Gazeta w Irlandii
• Puls Polonii
• Rolex
• Spod lady
• W Temacie Maci
• Widziane z USA
• Wolni Najmici
• Zmień kRaj

IMHO the biggest impact had PoloniaMichigan, which grew from Forum Dyskusyjne, which grew from Polskie Paszporty – Nie Dajmy sie Opodatkowac Then we had

and Czesław Piasta with his Salon.

1967

• The Internet is born. It has been commercially available since 1988.

1979

• A decentralized system of discussion boards called the USENET (User Network) is created.

1994

• The online travelogue travel-library.com is launched as a community on USENET.

1996

• cyber24.com is launched by photographer Rick Smolan to promote collaborative photo blogging under a project named ‘24 hours in Cyberspace’.

1997

• John Barger, an American blogger, publishes short posts in reverse chronology calling them the ‘Robot Wisdom Weblog’ . Soon similar web pages came to be commonly known as weblogs.

1998

• Blog hosting-cum-online journal service called ‘LiveJournal’ is launched.

• ‘OpenDiary’, another online journaling tool is launched.

1999

• As a web joke, blogger Peter Merholz broke the term weblog as ‘we blog‘ in the sidebar of his blog ‘peterme.com’. The term later gave way for the new generic term Blog.

• The blog host ‘Blogger’ is launched by the Pyra Labs. It will be taken over by Google Inc. in 2003.
• A journal hosting tool for beginners called ‘DiaryLand’ is launched.

2001

• The advent of political blogging begins with ‘Instapundit’.
• One of the first audio blogs ‘Buzzgrinder’ is launched to enable members to upload mp3 files in to their blogs.
• The bloggies awards are initiated. The winners will be chosen by the public and blogs will be nominated in around 30 categories.

2002

• The photo blogging service ‘Picasa’ is launched by Idealab. It will be taken over by Google Inc. in 2004.
• One of the first blog search engines ‘Technorati’ is launched.

2003

• A travel blog called ‘BootsnAll’ is launched.
• One of the first vblogs ‘Metacafe’ is launched.

• The blog hosting-cum-social networking website ‘MySpace’ is launched.
• The photo blogging websites ‘Photobucket’ is launched. It will be taken over by Fox Interactive Media in 2007.
• One of the first open source blog hosting websites/ blog tools ‘WordPress’ is launched.

• The Weblog awards are initiated.  The winners are chosen by public votes.

2004

• The blog search engine BlogPulse is launched by ‘IntelliSeek’. It will be taken over by the Nielsen Company.
• A health based blog hosting service called ‘HealthDiaries’ is launched.

• The photo blog hosting service ‘Flickr’ is launched. It will be taken over by Yahoo! in 2005.
• The BOBs – Best of the Blogs awards are initiated. The winners are selected by an international jury of independent journalists, media experts and blog experts.

2005

• ‘Blogher’ – A women oriented blog hosting service is launched.
• One of the largest and video blogging site ‘DailyMotion’ is launched.
• Google introduces a blog search engine called ‘Google Blog Search’.
• Yahoo launches a blog hosting service – Yahoo! 360°

• One of the most popular video blogs ‘YouTube’ is launched. It will be taken over by Google Inc. in 2004.

2006

• One of the first micro-blogging website ‘Twitter’ is launched.
• Another micro-blogging service called ‘Jaiku’ is launched. It will be taken over by Google Inc. in 2009.

2008

• Another micro-blogging service called ‘Plurk’ is launched.

2009 feiert das Internet verschiedene Geburtstage: 40 Jahre Arpanet, 30 Jahre Usenet und 20 Jahre World Wide Web. An der ETH Zürich wird zur Zeit im Rahmen eines EU-Projekts an der Zukunft des Internets geforscht.

ETHlife.ethz.ch

da: http://www.trucchetti.com/2009/08/26/cercare-e-trovare-qualsiasi-file-su-web-ftp-usenet-metalink-e-p2p-ed2kemule-con-findthatfile/

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