Die Überwinterung der Teichtechnik ist ein wichtiges Thema. Schließlich waren Ihre Investitionen nicht gerade niedrig. Deshalb soll die Technik auch über viele Jahre zuverlässig ihren Dienst tun. Also los…

Mikroorganismen, die der biologischen Reinigung dienen, sind bei Wassertemperaturen über 10 °C aktiv. Daher sollte Ihr Filtersystem zu dieser Zeit 24 Stunden lang durchströmt werden. Sinkt die Temperatur unter 10 °C, ist dies nicht mehr notwendig und Pumpe und Filter können abgeschaltet werden und an einem frostsicheren Ort überwintern.

Pumpe

Grundsätzlich gilt: Schaden nimmt eine Pumpe nur, wenn Sie teilweise oder komplett einfriert. Liegt sie immer im Wasser, kann nichts passieren. Das ist der Fall, wenn Sie tiefer als 80 cm unter dem Wasserspiegel liegt.

UVC-Vorklärgerät

UVC-Vorklärgeräte sind elektrische Einheiten, die ständig von Wasser umspült  werden. Das Leuchtmittel wird dabei von einem Glaskolben (Quarzrohr) geschützt. Diese Geräte sind extrem frostempfindlich. Selbst bei leichtem Frost entstehen feinste Haarrisse, die Wasser eindringen lassen und zu einem elektrischen Schaden führen.

Filterkasten

Reinigen Sie Ihren Filterkasten gründlich. Ein guter Filter besitzt eine Ablassschraube oder ein Rückspülsystem für die Reinigung. Entleeren
Sie sämtliche Schläuche, Rohrleitungen und Anschlüsse soweit wie möglich.

Leichte Schwebeteilchen werden von den Filterschäumen mechanisch gefiltert und ggf. biologisch abgebaut. Schwebeteilchen, die schwerer als Wasser sind, lagern sich am Behälterboden ab und verschmutzen ihn. Jetzt ist die Gelegenheit ideal auch an dieser Stelle gründlich zu reinigen, was Sie sowieso einmal im Jahr machen sollten.

Achten Sie darauf, dass kein Wasser auf dem Filterboden zurückbleibt. Wenn Sie den Filterbehälter im Freien lassen, müssen Sie ihn so abdecken, dass kein Regenwasser eindringen kann. Empfehlenswert ist es aber auf jeden Fall, auch den Filterkasten an einem trockenen und frostfreien Platz zu überwintern.

Alle Schaumstoffeinsätze und vorhandene Substratrohre entfernen und reinigen. Anschließend trocken und frostfrei lagern.
(Filterschäume müssen nicht zwingend frostfrei gelagert werden) Der Aufbewahrungsort sollte für Kinder unzugänglich sein.

Jürgen Saladin
www.teichreport.de

Here is a sample showing you how to detect if the logitech webcam using their new LVUVC driver.

HRESULT hr = 0;
m_pCameraControl = 0;
long omin, omax, ostep, odef, oflags;

// Get a pointer to the IAMCameraControl interface used to control the camera
hr = m_pCaptureFilter->QueryInterface(IID_IAMCameraControl, (void **)&m_pCameraControl);
if(hr != S_OK)
{
qDebug(“ERROR: Unable to access IAMCameraControl interface.”);
m_pCameraControl = 0;
goto LVUVC;
return;
}

// Retrieve information about the pan and tilt controls
hr = m_pCameraControl->GetRange(CameraControl_Pan, &omin, &omax, &ostep, &odef, &oflags);
if(hr != S_OK)
{
qDebug(“ERROR: Unable to retrieve CameraControl_Pan property information.”);
m_pCameraControl = 0;
goto LVUVC;
return;
}
qDebug(“      Pan control:”);
printControlInfo(1, omin, omax, ostep, odef, oflags);

hr = m_pCameraControl->GetRange(CameraControl_Tilt, &omin, &omax, &ostep, &odef, &oflags);
if(hr != S_OK)
{
qDebug(“ERROR: Unable to retrieve CameraControl_Tilt property information.”);
m_pCameraControl = 0;
goto LVUVC;
return;
}
qDebug(“      Tilt control:”);
printControlInfo(2, omin, omax, ostep, odef, oflags);

hr = m_pCameraControl->GetRange(CameraControl_Zoom, &omin, &omax, &ostep, &odef, &oflags);
if(hr != S_OK)
{
qDebug(“ERROR: Unable to retrieve CameraControl_Zoom property information.”);
//m_pCameraControl = 0;
omin = 50;
omax = 200;
ostep = 1;
odef = 50;
oflags = 0×00000003;
goto LVUVC;
return;
}
qDebug(“      Zoom control:”);
printControlInfo(3, omin, omax, ostep, odef, oflags);
return;

LVUVC:
{
m_isNewLWS = false;
qDebug(“=== try using Logitech UVC Driver Public Property Sets ===”);
HRESULT hr2 = m_pCaptureFilter->QueryInterface(IID_IKsPropertySet, (void**)&m_pKsPropertySet);

DWORD dwReturned = 0;
//get version
KSPROPERTY_LP1_VERSION_S version2 = {0, 0};
hr2 = m_pKsPropertySet->Get(PROPSETID_LOGITECH_PUBLIC1,
KSPROPERTY_LP1_VERSION,
NULL, 0, &version2, sizeof(version2), &dwReturned);
if (hr2 == S_OK)
qDebug(“LVUVC version = %d.%d  ret=%d”, version2.usMajor, version2.usMinor, dwReturned);
else
{
qDebug(“LVUVC version failed %x %d”, hr2, dwReturned);
return;
}

//digital pan
KSPROPERTY_LP1_DIGITAL_PAN_S pan2 = {0};
hr2 = m_pKsPropertySet->Get(PROPSETID_LOGITECH_PUBLIC1,
KSPROPERTY_LP1_DIGITAL_PAN,
NULL, 0, &pan2, sizeof(pan2), &dwReturned);
if (hr2 == S_OK)
qDebug(“LVUVC digital pan = %d  ret=%d”, pan2.lPan, dwReturned);
else
{
qDebug(“LVUVC digital pan failed %x %d”, hr2, dwReturned);
return;
}

//digital tilt
KSPROPERTY_LP1_DIGITAL_TILT_S tilt2 = {0};
hr2 = m_pKsPropertySet->Get(PROPSETID_LOGITECH_PUBLIC1,
KSPROPERTY_LP1_DIGITAL_TILT,
NULL, 0, &tilt2, sizeof(tilt2), &dwReturned);
if (hr2 == S_OK)
qDebug(“LVUVC digital tilt = %d  ret=%d”, tilt2.lTilt, dwReturned);
else
{
qDebug(“LVUVC digital tilt failed %x %d”, hr2, dwReturned);
return;
}

//digital zoom
KSPROPERTY_LP1_DIGITAL_ZOOM_S zoom2 = {0};
hr2 = m_pKsPropertySet->Get(PROPSETID_LOGITECH_PUBLIC1,
KSPROPERTY_LP1_DIGITAL_ZOOM,
NULL, 0, &zoom2, sizeof(zoom2), &dwReturned);
if (hr2 == S_OK)
qDebug(“LVUVC digital zoom = %d  ret=%d”, zoom2.ulZoom, dwReturned);
else
{
qDebug(“LVUVC digital zoom failed %x %d”, hr2, dwReturned);
return;
}

m_isNewLWS = true;
}

Hercules Classic Link 06f8:3009

La version Française se trouve ici.

I already mentioned the gspca driver and libv4l in the post [fr] Intrepid, les Webcams et les drivers Gspca. Unfortunately the topic is still relevant, the drivers being developed much faster than their integration into the distros kernel.

It’s time to update informations and expand them to all the drivers from linuxtv.org (V4L-DVB). For a list of the webcams please check the wiki (uvc, gspca, quickcam, Microdia, linux-uvc, etc …).

The procedure does not really change.

Installing needed packages:

sudo aptitude install mercurial build-essential linux-headers libncurses5-dev

Retrieving sources (from Jean-Francois Moine’s gspca repository):

hg clone http://linuxtv.org/hg/~jfrancois/gspca/

Copy the configuration file:

cd gspca
sudo cp /boot/config-`uname -r` v4l/.config

Note: currently FireDTV drivers do not compile easily (you need all the kernel sources) and are rarely used, we will disable them in the configuration.

Launch configuration:

sudo make menuconfig

Disable FireDTV support (Multimedia Support -> DVB/ATSC adapters -> set the option blank on FireDTV and FloppyDTV):

Exit, Exit.

Now let’s take care of usb webcams (Multimedia Support -> Video Capture adapters -> V4L USB devices)
Activate new modules drivers (press M on those marked NEW), in gspca for example:

Once the new drivers are enabled (M for module instead of a space), we can leave. Exit, Exit, etc… and save:

Launch the compilation:

make
sudo make install

If everything ok go to the next step, because the drivers also require the latest versions of libv4l.
For karmic it’s easy:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libv4l

Get the latest version if necessary:

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude full-upgrade

Restart and enjoy your new drivers.

Much is now being written about the need to use broad spectrum, UVA/UVB, sun protection. In a few words, here is why.

What is UV?

UV means ultraviolet, and refers to the radioactive rays emitted by the sun. There are two types of damaging UV rays that reach the earth: UVA and UVB.

(Update: 11/05 – Someone suggested I should add, for completeness, that there are also UVC rays. However, these are completely absorbed by the ozone and oxygen layers and do not reach the earth’s surface.)

The UVB rays mainly cause what is commonly called Sunburn, while the UVA rays mainly cause Aging. In fact, up to 80% of skin aging can be attributed to UVA rays. (The rest is basically down to other environmental factors such as smoking, pollution and stress).

Did you know that up to 95% of the UV rays that reach the skin are UVA rays?

And, it’s not just when the sun is out! While UVA radiation levels may have small fluctuations during the day, they are present all year-round.

What are the major differences between UVA and UVB rays?

Unlike UVB rays, UVA radiation levels have only small fluctuations during the day, and are present from sunrise to sunset every day, all year round, even in the winter and on cloudy days. UVA rays can even pass through windows and glass, making the indoors, near windows, equally dangerous for your skin. And they don’t just cause Premature Aging. Over time, they can also lead to skin cancer.

UVB rays stimulate the formulation of melanin, causing a significant pigmentation of the skin. This darkening effect will be evident after approximately 24 hours and is relatively long-lasting.

UVA activates the melanin stored in the epidermis, and produces a pigmentation effect visible within one hour but which usually fades within 24 hours.

While UVB rays remain primarily at the epidermal level and are partially blocked by the stratum corneum, UVA rays penetrate deeper into the dermis or base layer of the skin, where connective tissue and blood vessels exist. The result is a loss of elasticity that causes the skin to sag, wrinkle, and age prematurely.

And Remember

The SPF (Sun Protection Factor) rating applied to Sun protection products measures only UVB—not UVA protection. There is still no standard method for measuring the UVA protection factor. As such, there are many “sun screen” products on the market today which offer no, or only minimal, protection from UVA radiation.

If it doesn’t say its Broad Spectrum, then it probably isn’t!

Hercules Classic Link 06f8:3009

English version here.

J’avais déjà parlé des drivers gspca et de libv4l dans l’article Intrepid, les Webcams et les drivers Gspca. Malheureusement le sujet est toujours d’actualité, les drivers étant développés beaucoup plus rapidement que leur intégration dans le noyau des distributions.

Il est donc temps de mettre à jour les informations et de l’étendre aux drivers centralisés sur linuxtv.org (V4L-DVB). Pour les webcams concernées veuillez consulter la liste du wiki (uvc, gspca, quickcam, microdia, linux-uvc, etc…).

La procédure ne change pas vraiment.

Installation des paquets nécessaires :

sudo aptitude install mercurial build-essential linux-headers libncurses5-dev

Récupération des sources (via le dépôt gspca de Jean-François Moine) :

hg clone http://linuxtv.org/hg/~jfrancois/gspca/

Copie du fichier de configuration :

cd gspca
sudo cp /boot/config-`uname -r` v4l/.config

Note : actuellement les drivers firedtv ne se compilant pas facilement (il faut toutes les sources du noyau) et servant rarement, nous allons les désactiver dans la configuration.

Lançons la configuration :

sudo make menuconfig

Désactivons le support fireDTV (Multimedia Support -> DVB/ATSC adapters -> mettre à blanc l’option FireDTV and FloppyDTV) :

Exit, Exit.

Occupons nous des webcams usb maintenant (Multimedia Support -> Video capture adaptaters -> V4L USB devices)
Activons les nouveaux modules des drivers webcams (M sur ceux marqués NEW), pour les gspca par exemple :

Une fois les nouveaux drivers activés (M pour module à la place d’un espace), nous pouvons sortir . Exit, Exit, etc… et sauvegarde :

Lançons la compilation :

make
sudo make install

Si tout c’est bien passé passons à l’étape suivante, car les drivers nécessitent les dernières versions de libv4l.
Pour karmic c’est simple :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libv4l

Récupérons la dernière version si besoin est :

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude full-upgrade

Redémarrons le bouzin pour profiter de nos tout nouveaux drivers.

Germicidal ultraviolet C devices (UVC) devices installed in HVAC (Heating, ventilating and air conditioning) systems provide an innovative and effective tool for helping to improve air quality.   Here are five things you should know about UVC:

1. How does UVC work?

The C wavelength is the most germicidal in the UV spectrum.  It targets the DNA of microorganisms, destroying cells or making replication impossible.  Directed at a cooling coil or drain pan in an HVAC system, UVC energy destroys surface biofilm, a gluey matrix of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, debris, etc.) that grows in the presence of moisture.  Biofilm is widely prevalent in HVAC systems and leads to a host of indoor air quality and operational problems that are sometimes mistakenly attributed soley to mold.  UVC also destroys airborne viruses and bacterial that circulate through the system.

2.  How will UVC help my building?

IAQ control:  UVC improves air quality by preventing the spread of infectious diseases as well as reducing the allergy and asthma symptoms commonly triggered by biofilm/mold.  UVC creates safer, more comfortable indoor environments and has been linked to improved productivity in office building, reduced absenteeism in schools, and reduced likelihood of occupant complaints or litigation.

Energy savings:  Studies show that even a thin (0.024-inch [0.61]) layer of biofilm buildup on a coil increases energy consumption by 21.5 percent.  By cleaning coils continuously, UVC eliminates biofilm much more effectively than conventional cleaning methods–saving energy by maintaining equipment at factory design efficiency.

Maintenance savings:  Manual coil cleaning is a major HVAC maintenance expense and can be very difficult to perform on small, tough-to-access packaged systems. 

Equipment service life:  The surface cleaning effect of UVC helps restore even older HVAC systems to efficient operation, making it possible to prolong the life of aging air handlers.

LEED contribution:  UVC may contribute to earning LEED points in one or more areas.

3.  How much will it save?

UVC offers rapid return on investment, though the time frame will vary.  After the initial payback, your clients’ yearly cost savings can be substantial, far outweighing the modest cost of annual UVC lamp replacement.

4.  How do I find the right type of device for the application?

UVC devices come in sizes and configurations to fit different HVAC systems.  Large commercial air handlers are usually outfitted with internally mounted UVC devices that are installed end to end.  Air handlers with more limited space and/or access, including rooftop units, may use a device that utilizes an external power supply with single or multiple lamps inserted into the system though a small hole drilled in the equipment wall.

5.  How do I know if the device will deliver the required performance?

UVC devices for HVAC systems are not yet governed by an official standard.  Until such a standard is published, the best independent information to consult is a series of test report commissioned by the Environmental Protection Agency in conjunction with the National Homeland Security Research Center through its Technology Testing and evaluation Program.

When researching UVC, look for a reputable HVAC service contractor who has experience with new-generation high-output lamps and understand the issues involved in proper lamp placement, output and changeout schedules.

For more information on this article, please visit:  www.steril-aire.com

Source:  www.metalconstructionnews.com

ค่า SPF คืออะไร

• ผลิตภัณฑ์ครีมกันแดดจะระบุค่า SPF (Sun Protection Factor) หรือ ค่าการป้องกันแสงแดด

• เช่น ถ้าเคยตากแดดแล้วผิวไหม้แดง ในเวลา 15 นาที (ค่านี้เป็นค่าเฉพาะบุคคล) SPF= 30 จะทำให้ผิวจะไหม้ช้าลงเป็นเวลา 30 เท่า คือ 7.5 ชั่วโมง (30×15=450 นาที)

• ” อย่างไรก็ตาม ในปัจจุบันได้มีคำนิยามใหม่ของค่า SPF (Sun Protection Factor) โดยใช้สูตรสำหรับหาค่า SPF คือ

• SPF = MED บริเวณที่ทายากันแดด / MED บริเวณที่ไม่ได้ทายากันแดด

• โดย MED นั้นย่อมาจาก minimal erythematous dose คือ ปริมาณแสงแดดที่น้อยที่สุด ที่ทำให้เกิดอาการแดงที่ผิวหนัง ซึ่งอาการแดงนั้นเป็นจุดที่สังเกตเห็นด้วยตา มีการศึกษาพบว่า ปริมาณแรงที่เป็น suberythemal dose (คือปริมาณแสงที่ยังน้อยกว่าจะทำให้เกิดอาการแดง) ก็ทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ผิวหนังและมีการทำลายเซลล์ของผิวหนังเกิดขึ้นแล้ว ดังนั้นในอนาคตอาจต้องมีวิธีที่จะวัดการทำลายผิวหนังของแสงแดดที่ดีกว่า อาการแดง เช่น การดูลักษณะของเซลล์ผิวหนังที่เปลี่ยนไปจากการไหม้แดด (sunburncell) การดูลักษณะของเส้นใยอิลาสตินที่เปลี่ยนรูปร่าง การลดลงของจำนวน Langerhans cell ซึ่งเป็นเซลล์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับระบบภูมิต้านทาน เพื่อหาประสิทธิภาะของการกันแดด โดยที่ปริมาณของครีมกันแดดที่เป็นมาตรฐานในการหาค่า SPF นั้น ต้องทาครีมกันแดดปริมาณ 2 มิลลิกรัม ต่อเนื้อที่ผิวหนัง 1 ตารางเซนติเมตร ดังนั้นหากปริมาณแสงแดดที่จะทำให้บริเวณที่ทาครีมกันแดดนั้นเกิดอาการแดง มีปริมาณมากกว่าบริเวณที่ไม่ได้ทาครีมกันแดด 5 เท่า ครีมกันแดดนั้นก็จะมีค่า SPF 5 ซึ่งในทางปฏิบัตินั้นจะแปลว่าปริมาณแสงเป็นเวลาแทน “

สำหรับครีมกันแดดชนิดที่ละลายน้ำได้น้อยนั้น มีชื่อคือ

• Water resistant หมายถึงการหาค่า SPF หลังอยู่ในน้ำ 40 นาที

• Waterproof (=very water resistant) หมายถึงการหาค่า SPF หลังอยู่ในน้ำ 80 นาที
  

  

โดยการใช้ครีมกันแดดตามค่า SPF นี้มักดูตามลักษณะของสีผิวคือ

1. ถ้าผิวไหม้แดดง่าย โดยผิวเปลี่ยนเป็นสีแทนยาก ใช้ค่า SPF 20-30 (Ultra high)
2. ถ้าผิวไหม้แดดง่าย โดยผิวอาจมีสีแทนนิดหน่อย ใช่ค่า SPF 12-20 (Very high)
3. ถ้าผิวไหม้แดดปานกลาง และผิวค่อยๆ เปลี่ยนเป็นสีแทนใช้ค่า SPF 8-12 (High)
4. ถ้าผิวไหม้แดดได้น้อย และผิวเปลี่ยนเป็นสีแทนได้เสมอ ใช่ค่า SPF 4-8 (Moderate)
5. ถ้าผิวไหม้แดดยากมาก และผิวเปลี่ยนเป็นสีแทนได้อย่างมาก ใช้ค่า SPF 2-4 (Minimal)
   

เมื่อดูจากค่า SPF และปริมาณการดูดซับรังสียูวีบี พบว่า

1. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 2 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 50%
2. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 4 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 75%
3. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 8 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 87.5%
4. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 15 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 93.3%
5. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 20 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 95%
6. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 30 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 96.7%
7. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 45 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 97.8%
8. ค่า SPF เท่ากับ 50 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 98%

*** เมื่อดูตามนี้จะเห็นว่า เมื่อใช้ครีมกันแดดค่า SPF เท่ากับ 15 จะดูดซับ UVB ได้ 93.3% ซึ่งเมื่อเพิ่ม SPF ขึ้นจะเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพขึ้นไม่มากนัก และครีมกันแดดที่มีค่า SPF สูงมักมีปัญหาด้านความงามและมีราคาแพง จากมุมมองนี้อาจไม่จำเป็นต้องใช้ SPF สูงนัก ***

• แต่ก็มีปัจจัยต่างๆ ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปได้และมีผลต่อการออกฤทธิ์ของครีมกันแดด เช่น การทา การสวมใส่เสื้อผ้า การมีเหงื่อออก ลม เหงื่อ การว่ายน้ำ ฯลฯ และมีความจริงที่ว่า ครีมกันแดดที่มีค่า SPF สูงนั้น จะมีประสิทธิภาพในการกันแสงแดดในช่วงยูวีเอ โดยเฉพาะยูวีเอ II ที่ดีขึ้น ซึ่งรังสีตัวนี้ทำให้เกิดการเสื่อมของผิวหนังได้มาก นอกจากนั้นการหาค่า SPF จะเป็นการหาค่าในห้องทดลอง ซึ่งเมื่อนำยากันแดด มาใช้ในชีวิตจริงจะพบว่ามีค่า SPF น้อยกว่าที่ระบุเสมอ ทั้งนี้เพราะมีปัจจัยต่างๆ ที่เปลี่ยนแปลง

• จึงแนะนำว่าควรใช้ยากันแดดค่า SPF สูง (15 ขึ้นไป) ในกรณีที่ต้องตากแดด เป็นเวลานานติดต่อกันและใช้ค่า SPF ต่ำ ในกรณีที่โดนแดดเป็นครั้งคราวระหว่างวันครับ สำหรับข้อมูลนี้ส่วนหนึ่งมาจากการประชุมของสมาคมศิษย์เก่าสถาบันโรคผิวหนัง โดยมีอาจารย์จิโรจ สินธวานนท์ เป็นผู้บรรยาย

ทั้งนี้มีข้อสังเกตว่า

• การใช้ค่า MED นี้ อาจไม่สะท้อนถึงประสิทธิภาพภายในการป้องกันผิวหนัง จากการทำลายของแสงแดด นั่นคือครีมกันแดดถึงจะป้องกันไม่ให้ผิวหนังแดงได้ แต่ก็ยังอาจเกิดการเสื่อมของผิวหนังขึ้นแล้ว

• ปริมาณของการใช้ครีมกันแดดในการหาค่ามาตรฐาน คือ ต้องทาครีมกันแดด 2 มิลลิกรัมต่อเนื้อที่ผิวหนัง 1 ตารางเซนติเมตรนั้น นับว่ามากกว่าปริมาณการใช้ในชีวิตจริง คนปกติจะทาครีมกันแดดแค่ 0.5 ถึง 1 มิลลิกรัมต่อเนื้อที่ผิวหนัง 1 ตารางเซนติเมตรเท่านั้น ทั้งนี้เพราะ หากทาครีมกันแดดมากไปจะเกิดปัญหาด้านความมันและความสวยงาม

ผลข้างเคียงของครีมกันแดด

• ผล ข้างเคียงที่พบบ่อย คืออาการระคายเคือง จากสารกันแดด ครีมกันแดดที่ยิ่งมีส่วนผสมของสารกันแดดชนิด organic มาก ยิ่งจะเกิดอาการระคายเคืองได้ง่าย ดังนั้น ถ้าผู้ป่วยจำเป็นต้องทาครีมกันแดด บริเวณที่มีผื่นควรเลือกใช้สารกันแดดชนิด inorganic ส่วนอาการแพ้ชนิด allergic contact dermatitis หรือ photoallergic contact dermatitis พบได้น้อยเมื่อเทียบกับปริมาณที่ใช้ นอกจากสารกันแดดแล้ว อาจแพ้สารกันบูด น้ำหอม หรือส่วนผสมอื่น ของครีมกันแดดได้ ดังนั้น การเลือกครีมกันแดด จึงต้องคำนึงถึงความปลอดภัยด้วย
• สำหรับผู้ที่ไม่แน่ใจว่าแพ้เครื่องสำอางหรือไม่ สามารถลองทดสอบด้วยตนเองก่อนอย่างง่าย ๆ ด้วยวิธี Open Test โดยการทาผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ท้องแขนทุกเช้าเย็นหลังอาบน้ำ หากเกิดผื่นขึ้นภายใน 7 – 10 วัน แสดงว่ามีโอกาสแพ้ได้ ไม่ควรใช้เครื่องสำอางนั้นๆ
  

______________________________________________________________

อ้างอิง

http://blog.eduzones.com/endoderm/311

http://www.expert2you.com/view_article.php?art_id=2352

http://www.oryor.com/oryor/admin/module/fda_info/file/f_31_1171706509.pdf

http://www.newunewlook.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=291828&Ntype=1

Of  the select list of web cameras that are Apple compatible, some are very high quality and some are dogs. At the cheap webcam for Mac end I think I found the best iChat – Messenger – Skype For Mac web cam solution yet: A very affordable HP webcam with great image quality, light management and decent microphone at the bargain end.

A couple of weeks ago, I kicked off the addition of SVN support to Bespin (bug 493038). This required two things: One was the actual ability to choose which VCS you’re using, as it defaulted to Hg and the auto-detection was primitive and long since functional. (There were rumors that it had even been missing from the code for a while already.) But that was the relatively easy part, as it was mostly just manipulating HTML.

The (relatively) harder part was writing the code that would do the actual work with SVN. (VCS support in Bespin is powered by UVC.) A factor in this difficulty was that the backend code is written in Python, which I’m not especially familiar with. Nevertheless, the process was actually simplified by the way things are set up, because I was able to copy the Hg code and just modify to fit the SVN commands. I was able to add basic checkout, commit, and update support, as well as username/password authentication. Kevin later came in and finished up the push/commit differentiation, among other things. I believe SSH support still needs to be done, but we’re looking for a method to use to do it. (Kevin has suggested using environmental variables, as SVN does not have the ability to pass SSH details via command line, like Hg does.)

Kevin and the other Bespin folks are in the process of getting the 0.4.0 release out the door today or in the next couple of days, and that will include this support for SVN, as well as collaboration.

out of 5

Just as a jumbo jet on a flight from Germany to New York is touching down at JFK, something goes terribly wrong. When Ephraim Goodweather, of the Centers for Disease Control, investigates the darkened plane, he finds all but four passengers and crew dead, drained of blood. Despite Goodweather’s efforts to keep the survivors segregated, they get discharged into the general population. Soon after, the corpses of the tragedy’s victims disappear. [Publisher's Weekly]

Although there was a lot to like about this book, I still couldn’t quite immerse myself in it. It definitely started out with a nail-biter of a story, The Legend of Jusef Sardu and quickly moved on to the airplane. What happened to the plane and its occupants?

The writing was good and propelled the story forward. I liked the characters, particularly the odd Abraham Setrakian, his background story and motivation. I liked the idea of a virus causing the mutation but there were still some things left unexplained or perhaps, I just needed to suspend belief at that point. How is it that the bitten, in time, evolve when they are overtaken by worms? There is another story developing where the Ancients become involved so there is definitely more to the story.

Somewhere in the 400 some pages, I got left feeling flat. Finally, a new character was introduced, the rat catcher Vasiliy Fet. Solid and unshakable. He helped to give the story a bit more life again. Perhaps the first story in the trilogy needed to be a little more dry in order to build the characters and introduce the virus. I will probably read the next two books to see where the story is taken, I just hope it doesn’t go the way of “The Matrix” or “The Stand”.

…

by Lety Soto CMA

UV radiation is part of the electromagnetic (light) spectrum that reaches the earth from the sun.  There are 3 different types of UV radiation; UVA, B and C. UVC is the strongest wavelength but is also the shortest and usually gets absorbed by the ozone layer before it reaches the earth. UVB is responsible for most burns. UVA (UVAI and UVAII) is the least intense, but the most deeply penetrating.  UVA and UVB can cause premature skin aging, eye damage (i.e. cataracts) and skin cancer.

95% of all UV rays are UVA, though less intense than UVB rays they are 30-50 times more common.  UVB rays intensity varies by season, location and time of day. They are strongest between 10 am and 4 pm from April through October in the US. But they can burn you all year round especially around snow and ice since 80% of rays are bounced back at you and you are hit twice by them.  UVA rays are relatively constant all day, every day and can penetrate through clouds and glass.  Yes, there are UV rays on rainy, cloudy days even though you can’t see them. Wear your sunscreen!!

Even though UV radiation gives us an awesome tan, UV radiation damages the skin’s cellular DNA and can produce genetic mutations leading to skin cancer.  Our tan is the body trying to protect itself from more DNA damage, whether from direct sunlight or tanning beds.  As Dr. Dima says “The tanning bed bulbs emit UVA radiation which is less likely to burn you than UVB radiation.  An easy way to remember this is UVA:  “U will get VERY AGED skin” and UVB:  “U will get VERY BURNED.”  Bottom line though is that they both cause wrinkles and skin cancer.” 

You can protect yourself from the damaging UV rays in many ways:

• Daily use of sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher; reapply every 2 hours or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating. Dr. Dima’s Cosmic Ray Shield SPF36
•  Cover up with clothing, broad-brimmed hats, UV blocking sunglasses.
• Seek shade, especially between 10 am and 4 pm.
• Avoid tanning and tanning salons.
• Keep newborns out of the sun. Apply sunscreen to all babies over 6 months old.
• See your physician every year for a skin exam.  Dr. Dima’s skin cancer screening.

We received a great question about photostabilization. Yes, the sunscreen ingredients in Best of Skintentions are photostabilized. This opens the door to talk about one of my favorite skincare topics – sun protection. Just to clarify, SPF is a measure of protection, not an ingredient. If unprotected skin takes an average of 10 minutes to burn, and SPF 15 would provide 150 minutes of protection from burning. A sunscreen is a topical formulation intended to protect skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation from the sun. The active ingredients contained in sunscreens are chemical compounds that either reflect and scatter the harmful UV rays, or absorb them and dissipate their energy harmlessly. Photostabilizers are organic compounds that help to prevent the sun protection ingredients from degrading, thus losing their effectiveness in sunlight.

While photostabilizers are important for maintaining the effectiveness of a sun protection product, the best ways to protect skin from burning and aging are:

proper application – use adequate amounts of sunscreen; about 1 fl oz for the body and a stripe down two fingers for the face. Apply 20-30 minutes before sun exposure. Use sun protection every day.
frequent reapplication — reapply every 2 hours when outdoors; reapply more frequently when swimming or sweating a lot.

look for both an SPF and a UVA rating. Most sun protection products in the USA do not have a tested, demonstrated UVA rating; even if the package says UVA protection, if you do not see a rating and an established testing system on the label, you cannot be sure of the UVA protection effectiveness. SPF only measures UVB protection against burning rays. UVA are the aging rays.

Best of skintentions is a daily moisturizer with a megadose of botanical vitamins, minerals and antioxidants PLUS photostabilized, tested, demonstrated UVB and UVA protection. All at a very friendly $35. Woohoo!

Bliss Kisses,
Donna

Qcam

FlashでiSight以外のカメラを使う機会があり、昔に買ったwebカメラを引っ張りだしてきた。しかしwebカメラのドライバはwindows向けのものしかない。少し探すと、macamというMac用の汎用カメラドライバがあることを発見。

macam
http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/

対応しているカメラの機種は以下。
winとMacでWebカメラ（UVC、macam、Skype etc..）: Macで使えるwebカメラ【macam編】
http://marble-papa.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2007/06/macwebmacam_0388.html

macamにはカメラの動作確認アプリと、カメラのドライバとなるQuickTimeコンポーネントが用意されている。これでwindows向けwebカメラでも、OSXで使える。
なお、UVC(USB Video Class)という規格に対応しているwebカメラなら、OSX10.4.9以降ならばドライバ不要で利用できる。これからwebカメラを買う人はUVC対応のものを買うといいかも。

また、MacBook & Flashでカメラを使う場合、正しく映像が表示されないことがある。
これは、MacBookにカメラドライバが沢山用意されていることに由来するようだ。
Flashではカメラドライバを選択する画面を出せる。以下の記事を参考に。

[as3][flash] カメラのキャプチャ取り込みをする場合に注意すべきこと – プログラミングとかそんなの
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/kkanda/20080621/p1

The dv6830 (and more pavilions in the dv6000 series) comes with an internal webcam. The easiest way to get the kernel module installed is using module assistant.

Let’s start with installing module assistant:

# apt-get install module-assistant

When the installation finishes it’s time to load the latest versions of the available modules and prepare the system. Fortunately you don’t have to use the full command:

# m-a prepare

The system starts loading the modules and installs the appropriate kernel headers.

Now the actual webcam module can be build and installed:

# m-a auto-install linux-uvc

This command takes a few seconds to finish. In the console you can see the module being compiled and, if all goes well, installed.

To test your webcam install luvcview

# apt-get install luvcview

$ luvcview

If everything went as planned you should now be looking at yourself.

The webcam works fine with messengers like Kopete and aMSN.

This nice little patch from ubuntuforums.org (the first one, patch_solution1_mirrored.txt) against the stock uvcvideo driver fixes the upside-down issue with the U6S built-in webcam on Linux.

Don’t bother copy-and-pasting the patch from the forum. It won’t work. Grab a login at bugmenot.com and download the patch file from the bottom of the forum post instead.

In order to get it to work in Skype, I had to edit my ~/.Skype/*/config.xml as follows:

    <Video>
      <Disable>0</Disable>
    </Video>

(Are you happy now, G., you crazy fook?)

Hello and a Happy, belated, Birthday to the good old United States of America. This is the posting place for the United Voice of Commons (UVC). The UVC is dedicated to liberating the voice of the “Commons” That is all of you who feel your voice has been silenced by big business who holds our feet to the proverbial fire. For many this forces a choice between necessities.  Also the UVC intends to raise its voice against a corrupt governmental system that no longer meets the needs of the citizens of this country. That is not to say that the UVC is some kind of revolutionary group, bent on violent overthrow of the current system. The UVC is seeking answers to the questions we all have and will not shrink in its efforts to raise our voice and get these answers. Only if the Commons join together can this truly be accomplished. Please comment or a question and be one of the first to share your voice.

Introduction

The time-lapse camera system described in my earlier post is fine where mains power is available, but for remote locations and longer durations it rather falls down. At 5-6W power consumption it will flatten even a large wet-cell lead-acid battery in 3-4 days. Taking pictures less frequently does little to reduce the power consumption as the camera and NSLU2 run all the time.

Unless we turn the system off — or rather, get it to turn itself off. The NSLU2 has an onboard power supply switch controlled by a separate piece of circuitry that turns power on to the main processor when the power button is pressed. The power button cannot, however, turn the switch off. Instead the switch is designed so that the processor itself has to commit electronic suicide and turn its own power off by sending a signal to the switch. In the ‘off’ state — which as you can see, isn’t really off — only the power switch circuitry uses power, and it uses very little, only 1.3mA. The main processor and anything connected to the USB ports are simply disconnected from the supply voltage. So turning the power off is easy – OpenWRT provides the poweroff command, which does just what it says. The question then becomes, how do we turn the power back on at regular intervals?

A hardware modification

The NSLU2 has an X1205 real-time clock chip that keeps the time and date. It runs continuously, even when the power supply is physically unplugged – that is its 3V battery in the middle of the board. This chip has an alarm facility; it has a pin that can be programmed to send an interrupt signal to the main processor at a specific time and date, up to a year ahead. On the NSLU2 board, this interrupt signal pin is not connected to anything. If we connect it to ‘on’ input of the power supply switch, the X1205 can turn the NSLU2 on when the alarm time is reached. This turns out to be a fairly simple hardware mod. A wire connecting pin 3 of the X1205 to the U15 side of R94 will do the job. The wire has to run from one side of the board to the other, and requires a fine-tipped soldering iron as R94 and the X1205 are both surface mount devices. The photographs below show where it goes.

Software changes

Having added this wire, all we need is some software to set the alarm time and all sorts of interesting possibilities appear. The software turned out to be a little more complicated than I had expected, as it turned out that the low-level Linux driver for the X1205 wasn’t quite working properly. It didn’t correctly set the alarm values or provide a way to enable the interrupt pin. Nor, having fixed the driver, is there a standard Linux tool for setting up the alarm in the way we need. Fortunately there is a program out there called rtcwake that does nearly the job we want, and I was able to modify it to make a similar program I have called rtcalarm.

With rtcalarm, the fixed driver, and the wire in place, we can now have the NSLU2 turn on, take a single photo, and turn itself off again at any interval. Well, almost any interval. It takes a little over a minute to start up, so the smallest sensible interval would be longer than that, say 90 seconds. The longer the interval, the lower the power consumption.

There was one small remaining problem with this setup. When the time came to make a movie out of the contents of the flash drive, the file renaming strategy described in my earlier post on time-lapse cameras no longer worked. Now the serial number part of the filename is always 000000000, because MJPG-streamer is being restarted every time. The solution to this was to make a small change to the output_file plugin of MJPG-streamer to omit the serial number and the underscore characters separating the time fields. The file names now have the form yyyyymmddmmhhss.jpg. This makes converting them to movies with QuickTime Pro straightforward – no file name changes are required.

The end result: a power-cycling time-lapse camera

An OpenWRT firmware build with the rtcalarm tool and the driver patch, openwrt-nslu2-uvc-webcam3.bin is available here. It provides the same three modes as the build described in A MegaPixel Time-Lapse Camera System – webcam, dual webcam, and time-lapse. In time-lapse mode, however, it now requires the hardware mod, and takes pictures every six minutes, turning itself off for five minutes out of six.

The net power consumption of the new time-lapse mode is a little tricky to work out, as the camera only starts using power quite late in the boot-photograph-shutdown cycle, so the full 1100mA is only used for about ten seconds at the end. I used a data acquisition system to monitor the current draw at 5V over a single photo cycle, and it looks like this:

This shows that it takes 47.6 A/secs to take a photo, if I can be excused for employing such units. The profile above is for a unit not connected to Ethernet. With Ethernet, power use is slightly higher but the cycle runs some ten seconds shorter and uses 44.6 A/secs. At 5V thats 238W/secs per photo with no network. With these figures in hand, we can estimate how many photos we can get from a battery. For example, a 12V 7AH gel cell running the NSLU2 through my switching voltage regulator contains 12×7 = 84W/hours. If the regulator is 88% efficient we get 73.9W/hours delivered to the NSLU2, which is 266112W/secs and therefore about 1118 photos. This number is largely independent of the interval between photos, because the power consumption of the NSLU2 while off is so low.

Internal details

This build is based on a later version of the OpenWRT trunk, revision 11566. It has a later version (r63) of the MJPG-streamer software, which has some bug fixes and should behave better when streaming to a web browser. I had to apply a patch I found here to the /sbin/usb-storage script to get the flash drive to mount correctly at power-on. As usual, most of the controlling code is in /etc/init.d/done. The only exception is the script at /root/whoa which sets the RTC alarm and turns the power off. If you want to change the number of seconds between pictures, edit the rtcalarm command in this script. The /root/whoa script is called by the MJPG-streamer output_file plugin via the -c option

The source for the rtcalarm tool can be found here, along with the patched rtc-x1205.c driver and the other patches.