This study examined the ability of 20 preschool children with functional phonological delays and 34 age- and vocabulary-matched typical children to learn words differing in phonotactic probability (i.e., the likelihood of occurrence of a sound sequence) and neighborhood density (i.e., the number of words that differ from a target by one phoneme). Children were exposed to nonwords paired with novel objects in a story and learning was measured by a picture naming task. Results showed that both groups created lexical representations for rare sound sequences from sparse neighborhoods. However, only children with typical development appeared to build on this initial lexical representation to create a full representation of the word (i.e., lexical-semantic connection and semantic representation). It was hypothesized that creating a lexical representation may be too resource demanding for children with phonological delays, leaving few resources available to create a lexical-semantic connection and/or a semantic representation.

from the Journal of Communication Disorders

Page description language – In digital prepress, a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by output devices.
Page makeup – In stripping, assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging, the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal and on film or plate.
Pagination – In computerized typesetting, the process of performing a page makeup automatically.
Palette – In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

Page description language (PDL): In digital prepress, a compter language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by output devices.

Page makeup: In stripping, assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging, the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal and on film or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting, the process of performing a age makeup automatically.

Palette: In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a grapic system or program.

Just some links to practise the colours:

Click the letters in the correct order

Flash Hangman game

Spelling and typing game

Word drop game

Every other letter game

The first and last letter game

Guess the word

Catch the spelling

WordWeb game

SpeedWord game

MatchWords

Word Search Game

Scrambled Word Game

Word Find Game

Bones Hangman

McGrath’s Hangman

Created with www.wordle.net

Do you like words? Have you got a favourite one? Could you share it with us? Please don’t forget leaving your answer in the comments section.

To finish with, I leave you a couple of songs which talk about words.

Words – The Christians

Extreme – More than Words

Page description Language: In digital prepress a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by output devices.

Page makeup: In stripping assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal and on film  or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting the process of performing an age makeup automatically.

Palette: In computers the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

Page Description Language (PDL): In digital prepress, a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by outputting devices.

Page Makeup: In stripping, assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging, the electronic
assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal and on film or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting, the process of performing an age makeup automatically.

Palette: In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

Page description language (PDL): In digital prepress,a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by output devices.

Page markup: In stripping assembly of all elements to make up a page. IN digital imaging, the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on video display terminal and on film or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting, the process of performing a age makeup automatically.

Palette: In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

Page description language (PDL): In digital prepress, a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by output devices.

Page makeup: In stripping, assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging, the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal an on film or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting, the process of performing a age makeup automatically.

Palette: In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

PDL:In digital prepress a computer language designed for describing how types and graphics elements should be produced by output devices

Page makeup: In stripping assembly of all element to make up a page. In digital imaging the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page

Page description language (PDL): In digital prepress a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by output devices.

Page makeup: In stripping assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging the electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal and on film or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting the process of performing a age makeup automatically.

Palette: In comuters the collection of colors or shades available to a fraphic system or program.

Page Description Language (PDL): In digital prepress, a computer language designed for describing how type and hraphic elements should be produced by output devices.

Page makeup: In stripping, assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging, electronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting, the process of performing a page makeup automatically.

Palette: In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

Page description language (PDL): in digital prepress, a computer language designed for describing how type and graphic elements should be produced by out devices.

Page makeup: In stripping, assembly of all elements to make up a page. In digital imaging, the eletronic assembly of page elements to compose a complete page with all elements in place on a video display terminal and on film or plate.

Pagination: In computerized typesetting, the process of performing an age make up automatically.

Palette: In computers, the collection of colors or shades available to a graphic system or program.

If you check ICAO’s Language Proficiency Rating Scale for Vocabulary, you will see that they mention “paraphrasing”  on levels 3, 4 and 5, as follows:

level 3: “(…) is often unable to paraphrase successfully (…)”
level 4: “(…) can often paraphrase successfully (…)”
level 5: “(…) paraphrases consistently and successfully (…)”

So you see that to have at least level 4 you must be able to paraphrase successfully. But what does that mean? It means that whenever you can’t remember a word or expression – and that does happen in real life and in tests – you don’t lose fluency by stopping to search for that word. Instead, you just find your way around it, by using other words or expressions to explain what you forgot and you are able to make yourself understood.

Here’s an idea to improve this important ability: read the accident account below. Try to re-tell it in your own words, making an effort not to repeat any of the words used in the original.

“Shortly after departure on the evening of Nov 22, 2008, a King Air crashed near YGO (God’s Lake Narrows MB, Canada) and was destroyed by the post-crash fire. The flight was being conducted as an air ambulance operation with 5 people on board”. (Professional Pilot Magazine Vol 43 No 1)

Send me your answer. I’ll let you know if it’s ok! carolina.davila.english@gmail.com

… sur TV5 : Actualités +  exercices de compréhension:

super pour étudiants et adultes. (Click on picture)

1. a tsunami
must i name what kind?

bulldozing in on glass bottle sea
antique shop colors
opaque and transparent

i felt you in my legs
before i ever met you

shore boats grabbed and splintering
foundation pulled out from houses
palm tree roots curled tight and
holding

me and the ocean
we share a vocabulary
endlessness
saline
assault

she offers herself
to the edges of continents
where land and water have agreed
upon this perpetual state
of forgiveness

she the original sequin
shines when angry
hurtling and collapsing hurtling and collapsing
at 600 miles per hour

2. something about home
something about erasure

3. the second to last letter
included photocopies
from an astrology book

fistfuls of wet earth
tossed on top of
the great collaboration