Eriq Durga has become the new Killer Fight Gear Open Weight Champion at Friday Night Fights XVIII. FNF XVIII was held at the White Lake Combat Club in Whitehall, Michigan.

Zilele trecute aruncam un ochi printre picturile din perioada rococoului ce apar pe Word Gallery of Art, un excelent site ce aduna mai toate picturile importante pana la 1800. Am ramas uimit sa vad de cat de des se repeta tema leaganului, simbol ce transmite bucurie, copilarie si multa dinamica.

Pierre-Jacques Cazes – The Swing (1732), ulei pe panza, 97 x 88 cm

Jean-Honoré Fragonard – The Swing (1750-1755), ulei pe panza, 120 x 95 cm

Jean-Honoré Fragonard – The Swing (1767), ulei pe panza, 81 x 64 cm

Nicolas Lancret – The Swing (aproximativ 1735), ulei pe panza, 70 x 89 cm

Hubert Robert – Avenue in a Park (1799), ulei pe panza, 59 x 39 cm

Giuseppe Zais – The Swing (1765-70), ulei pe panza, 53 x 39 cm

La polul opus gasim leaganul ca posibilul mobil al unui joc periculos

Francisco de Goya – Old Man on a Swing (1824-28), creta neagra, 190 x 151 mm

Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo – The Swing of Pulcinella (1791-93), fresca, 200 x 170 cm

La isla bajo el mar
Autor: Isabel Allende
Editorial: PLAZA & JANES EDITORES, S.A
ISBN: 978-84-01-34193-9
Precio: 23,90 €
Sinopsis:
Esta es la historia de Zarité, una muchacha mulata que a los nueve años es vendida como esclava al francés Valmorain, dueño de una de las más importantes plantaciones de azúcar de la isla de Santo Domingo. A lo largo de la novela viviremos cuarenta años de la vida de Zarité y lo que representó la explotación de esclavos en la isla en el siglo xviii, sus condiciones de vida y cómo lucharon para conseguir la libertad (…) Conforme avanza la novela nuestro personaje alcanza la dignidad que le corresponde. Vivirá su propia historia de amor y conseguirá la libertad. Isabel Allende le da voz a una luchadora que saldrá adelante en la vida sin importar las trampas que el destino le tiende.

Hey, I can’t ALWAYS do posts on Friday, can I? Gotta change things up a bit. Keep you all on your feet.

And thus it is, Monday, June 22. What’s been going on in the world of Bill recently? Well, quite a lot actually.

In the realm of comics, last week I began my ‘3 Issues in 3 Weeks’ initiative in which I pledged to finish the last three issues of my ‘Starburst’ miniseries in the next three weeks. As of last week, I successfully completed Issue 3 and today got seven pages into Issue 4, so I’m off to a good start. If all continues as I hope, I’ll have the miniseries done by the first or second week in July, at which point I’ll be able to return to scripting my real passion, my ‘macro’-series set in the same universe, ‘XVIII.’ Not only is this good because I had been procrastinating for some time both from being busy and then being in a slump, but it’ll also mean I’ll have my first series completed for when I go to look for artists at the Lehigh Valley Comic Con in August. Wish me luck and keep the whole situation in your prayers… that it’ll continue to proceed well.

Oh, and before I move on from the subject of comics: instead of quotes of the moment this time around, I’ll give summaries for both series at the end of this post, so enjoy!

In other news, I’ve been doing some home planning recently. If you’ve ever seen our house, you’ll know that our basement is basically a glorified, unfinished storage facility at the moment, but I hope to change that. Earlier this week, I began planning for a series of renovations to our lower level to provide not only a place for my dad to keep all of his tools and lawn equipment, but to also move the laundry equipment upstairs for my mom and establish for myself my own private apartment/studio. Honestly, I have no problem co-habitating with my family, but I just feel like I’d like my own little space I could call my own: where I could write when and where I want, listen to music and watch movies when I want without headphones, entertain friends and family and decorate as I like while not being so far away that I can’t help my parents out or be there for them. Downside? Well, not only do I currently lack the $10-20,000 to begin the project, I would also be the 25-year-old living in his parents’ basement. Meh, there are worse things to be considered in this world.

On the relationship front, things have been rather quite. Diana did oblige me the other week by getting me some autographs from the Hershey Bears’ 10th Calder Cup celebration (yes, they won! BELIEVE IT! WOOO!) since I was under the weather that night, but not only did she do that, but she SCRAPBOOKED the autograph page with all those little crafty stickers and bobbles and whatnot, sent me pictures from the event and included a letter detailing everything. Isn’t that awesome?

Otherwise, I’ve been rather quiet, communication-wise. Genius that I am, I realized that I was coming on a little bit too strong and acting too much on my feelings, so I’ve decided to take a step back into the background. I’m there if she needs me, I’ll continue to keep her in prayer and I’ll write her when there’s something big (like the completion of my miniseries, which is the next goal marker I’m waiting for). The only downside is that it’ll be three weeks since I last wrote to her when I finally finish my writing, so hopefully this doesn’t blow up in my face. Guess I’ll just have to roll the dice and see what comes.

Still, it would seem like waiting for her is the route I should be taking. I’ve been bombarded by messages recently on dealing with stress, difficult times and on the subject of waiting, so it would seem like the Lord is being none too subtle in this regard. As well, I’ve seen the name Diana or some form of it more in the last two months than I’ve probably seen… in forever! There’s other small things, too. For one, for the last few weeks I’ve gone out to eat, I have not gotten ONE cute/available/young waitress, which is very unusual. Thus, I will stay the course, press on and wait. Some things, as they say, are worth waiting for.

Oh, coming at the beginning of July, I’ll begin shopping for plane tickets. Why, you might ask, is this noteworthy? Well, because, since I’ve been having a string of difficulties in the past few months, my family decided to sponsor a trip down to Port Richey, Florida, so I can visit with my best friend of twenty years, Scott, and his wife, Tabitha, for a week. Awesome doesn’t even begin to describe it! Seven days of sun, sand, comics, video games, non-stop laughing and random adventures! This man’s been a brother to me (in more way than one) since we were both in kindergarten and I don’t get to see him often enough with a thousand or so mile between us, so any opportunity I can get to visit and hang out is more than welcome. August can’t get here soon enough!

I’ve also been on a Ghostbusters binge recently. Not only have I been amped up by the release of the new video game (effectively Ghostbusters 3), but I’ve also gotten the first 30-episode volume of ‘the Real Ghostbusters’ cartoon. I LOVED this show as a kid and it brings back fond memories to see it again. It’s not history-making television, no doubt, but there are some earnestly well-written episodes on this show. All of this exposure to the ‘busters recently has also energized my creativity and made me want to script a short Ghostbusters animated movie, like the ones for Hellboy, Riddick or Batman. Perhaps something to bridge the first and second movies or the second movie and the game. Anything that brings the world more genuine Peter Venkman goodness is a welcome thing in my book!

Huh…other than that, I think that’s about all for now, or at least that’s all I want to share for now. As I think of more, you’ll probably hear from me again, and if there’s anything you want to know, just ask. I’m an open book, my friends!

Anyway, until later, Ciao for now!

-Bill

PS: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is coming out on Wednesday. Not only will it have my favorite ‘former, Soundwave, in it, but there’ll be a teaser for the new ‘Last Airbender’ live-action adaptation by M. Night Shamylan. Seems like reason enough to me. GO SEE IT NOW!

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About XVIII:

For over two thousand years, the dynasty of Autos has ruled the planet Pailos, preaching peace and benevolence while at the same time establishing a division and preference between its two species: the Florans and the Avians. Tired of this, the dominantly Avian military, led by General Skraw, leads a coup d’etat against Lord High Chancellor Autos XVII and seeks to expel him from his throne. In a last ditch effort, the Chancellor tasks his attendant, Carr, to flee Pailos with Autos XVIII, the Crowned Prince, so that their line may continue. Thus begins the tale of Jad, Prince Autos XVIII, as he experiences life for the first time and is left to choose between the two options before him: Leave Pailos behind forever and live as the man HE wants to be in the wider galaxy, or to accept his destiny and return to liberate the throne and bring peace to his people once again. Situations become complicated, however, as life often does, and young Jad must decide if perhaps becoming his own man and accepting his destiny are not mutually exclusive options. This is the tale of Jad, of ‘XVIII’ itself, and in his decision lies the fates of both those he left behind and those he still has yet to meet.

About Starburst (Set One Year Before XVIII):

For Captain Dander Metrian and his band of mercenaries, the pursuit of money is life itself, but with the discovery of an ancient treasure storehouse in the swamps of the planet Mulatar, it could prove to be life’s end, as well.

Caught in an invasion by the forces of the Dobreen Expanse, led by the Pirate Lord Deisaad, the crew of the Rim Wanderer soon finds both he and his men conscripted into a expedition that could pose dire consequences should they succeed or fail. Certainly it will prove to be a fifth anniversary to remember!

Sorry that it’s been a while, folks. No excuse, really. I’ve just been bad about getting down to writing recently, but I’m back now and all is right with the world.

So what’s up today? Well, at the moment, I’m sitting here with a twenty pound dachshund on my lap, listening to One Thing by Finger Eleven and waiting to head out for the eye doctor. Two days ago, my mom had her second cataract surgery done on her right eye, so while she heals, I was going to take the day to go out grocery shopping and to fill out an application for a Guest Services associate at the local Holiday Inn. However, my mom woke up slightly swollen around her eye this morning, in a bit of pain and feeling sick to her stomach, so we’re going to take her over to see Dr. Yee at 1:30 to see what’s going on or whether this is just part of the healing process. I’ll save grocery shopping for tomorrow and, since the Holiday Inn ad was from last Sunday’s paper, I guess I’ll count that as a loss.

The job situation is rather sticky at the moment. Besides little activity on my job hunting radar, there have been few to no call-backs, so it’s not a very fruitful endeavor at the moment. As well, I have a small conundrum to add into all this. Last month my parents told me that if I couldn’t find a job by this month, that they’d help me go see my best friend Scott down in Florida to cheer me up (though I’ve told them just to consider it my birthday present). However, Scott won’t be done his schooling until late July, so I probably wouldn’t get down until early August, after my mom’s birthday on the first. So what’s the problem? Well, I don’t want to just sit around for two months, so I should keep job hunting, though if I DO find a job, I might as well kiss the trip goodbye. Add to it all that it’s been suggested that I order my plane tickets at least a month in advance to get a cheaper rate and we get an even more sticky situation. Scott and I thought yesterday that I could keep looking in June and if I didn’t find anything by July to order my tickets and just focus solely on my comic writing for that month, and my parents actually didn’t seem to have a problem with that. Still, I can’t help to feel this is still a cop-out or that I’d still be a layabout for not job hunting for a month. How troublesome…

Speaking of comic book writing, as of last check, I was four pages away from finishing the script for Issue 2 of Starburst, the precursor to my piece d’resistance (or however you spell that. I don’t speak French), XVIII. I’ve also finish plotting Starburst Issue 3 a couple of days ago, so I should be able to begin writing that immediately. Other than all that, I need to do a few more concept pieces for Issue 2 and 3 and I should be caught up to where I want to be. My only problem is… I CAN’T SEEM TO GET MYSELF TO WANT TO SIT DOWN AND WRITE! Don’t get me,I know what I want to put on the page, I just can’t seem to sit down and put my fingers to the keyboard. There could be two attributing factors to this: 1. I can’t get the house quiet enough to write on my desktop because my dad stays up late watching tv on the other side of the divider to the kitchen in the living room, and by the time he goes to sleep, I’m tired myself. 2. A solution to this would be to go into my bedroom with my laptop, plug in my flash drive and ipod for music, and work in there. When I do that, I prove to be quite productive, but the problem with that is that it takes FOREVER to get everything started up on my laptop. It’s so frickin’ slow! These are probably all just simple excuse for a lack of drive, I don’t know, but I can’t keep procrastinating on something that should be a simple operation. Maybe I’ll just bite the bullet and go in my room tonight for some quality creative time and get this thing done.

Oh, and in other news, I’m going to Game 4 of the Calder Cup Finals, the Hershey Bears vs. the Manitoba Moose, Sunday afternoon. According to the lady from whom I ordered the tickets, I only a row away from being right behind the Bears’ bench, so that sounds appropriately awesome, assuming I can actually see what’s going on. I had been hoping that this would be the deciding game for the finals, but with the Moose win on Tuesday, no such luck. At the earliest, with two more Bears wins this weekend, that would be Tuesday, a game for which I will not be able to attend in person.

I’ve been advised in the past to YELL LOUDLY (her words) at games such as these (and I certainly did at the last game I attended, to the point where my palms were pinks and my voice was hoarse), but being right behind the team, I’m kinda unsure of how loud I should get. I’m certainly going to cheer, but I may wait to see the volume level of those around as to how LOUDLY I cheer.

I’m also hoping to have the chance to talk to Diana a short bit during an intermission on Sunday, if only for the fact that I haven’t been able to talk much to her recently due to busyness on her end, which has left me in somewhat of a void as to how she’s doing (I’ve probably been bugging her too much with messages on facebook and the very occasional text about how things are going with my family and I. Yeah, I’m paranoid like that- more about my actions than her reactions). I’m curious as to all that’s going on on her end and as to how life’s treating her. For all I know, she has blue hair, a pierced nose and a parrot on her shoulder now. Well, ok, that’s exaggerating a bit, but I think you know what I mean. I’m just interested in how things are going for her. I still care about her and I guess I like to write to simply let her know that I’m still there for her, I haven’t gone away and I’m keeping my word that I’d wait for her. I know she’s going through some hard stuff and I want to support her however I can, even if it’s just keeping her in prayer in the background, but you know men… we’re creatures of action and like to be there fighting on the front lines. Simply being in the background can be somewhat disconcerting, or, perhaps better put, it makes me anxious! I WANT to do more, but I guess that’s not my role to play for now.

The thing I’m measuring now is how, and if, I should approach her. It would only be by text at first, just to say hi, but I would like to see her. Big surprise there, if you know me. She was fine with talking at the last game and was still perfectly friendly the last time she wrote me so I’m pretty positive it would be alright, but… I don’t know, I just feel kinda odd about doing it for some reason. As well, if her family comes with her to the game, I’m kinda worried if I text her they’ll start thinking “Won’t this guy just leave her alone!?” and it’ll make me look obsessive. Hopefully it doesn’t look that way, but not being a mind reader, you never know. All I can say, I guess, is I’ll have to keep praying about it the next two days and see if I hear from her before Sunday. If I do, that’ll make things MUCH easier, but if not, well…I guess I’ll just have to lay out my cards and play my hand. To quote Pat Benatar: “Love is a Battlefield.”

In hindsight, I guess my entry title was something as a lie since this seems more like me venting about all that’s been going through my mind recently rather than a ‘what am I doing on Friday?’ post, but it’s my blog so if you don’t like it . My friend Chris wanted to do something this weekend, so maybe I will go out tonight. I’m still trying to keep the household running for my mom, so we’ll see.

Anyway…I guess I should be polite once again: How’s your Friday going, dear reader? Up to anything interesting this weekend? Anything you want to vent or get off your chest? Feel free. If nothing else, if you’ve read this far, leave me a comment and let me know you stopped by! I’m interested in seeing who is actually reading my ramblings. You deserve an award…or a drink, I’m not sure which.

Well, I guess that about wraps things up for me. Until next time, faithful reader.

Ciao for now!

-Bill

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QUOTE FOR THE MOMENT: “Well I’m not paralyzed, but I seem to be struck by you. I want to make you move because you’re standing still. If your body matches what your eyes can do, you’ll probably move right through me on my way to you.”

-Paralyzer by Finger Eleven

O conteúdo deste post é referente ao texto Cartas de amor.

E era uma carta de amor. De amor não; de paixão.

A paixão é definida como um sentimento ou emoção levados a um alto grau de intensidade, sobrepondo-se à lucidez e à razão.

Sendo uma fixação afetiva por uma pessoa, uma idéia ou uma coisa, a paixão se distingue de outros sentimentos por sua força, sua intensidade e sua exclusividade. Assim, um indivíduo apaixonado pelo seu time de futebol pode deixar de honrar compromissos apenas para assistir a um jogo, faltando a provas escolares ou ao trabalho.

Em seu sentido original, a paixão (do latim passionis) é um sofrimento de toda a alma. Os filósofos do século XVII insistiam no caráter passivo dos seres apaixonados, cujos sentimentos dominavam a própria vida.

Nos séculos XVIII e XIX, com o Romantismo, tenta-se reabilitar a paixão. Ainda que ela faça sofrer, é também uma fonte viva de emoções e criatividade.

Na sua opinião, o que é melhor: amar ou estar apaixonado?

Bilderübersicht Ich selber habe für die Geschichte folgende Karten gezogen

• Der Magier
• Der Mond
• Sieben der Kelche
• Vier der Stäbe.

Kurze Vorbemerkung, ich halte mich erst einmal nur grob an die Bedeutung und agiere erst einmal frei. Nach und nach wird das alles noch genauer werden Und ich schreibe gerade wild, also ohne Plot und derartiges.

Marto schleuderte wütend einen Kelch und einen Stab gegen die Wand. Er hatte es schon wieder nicht geschafft. Und darüber war er sehr verärgert. Dabei bezeichnete man ihn als einen der größten Magier dieser Welt. Und genau das war er, einer der größten Magier aller Zeiten, aller Räume und aller Ebenen. Bisher hatte niemand es gewagt sich mit ihm zu messen. Und die, die daran dachten, hatte er schon im Vorfeld in den Dreck geschleudert. Nicht einmal an einen Zauberspruch konnten sie denken, schon hatte er sie zerstört

Und nun sollte er scheitern? An so etwas banalen? Was hatte er nicht verstanden? Was übersah er?

Er konnte zaubern. Er wusste was zu tun war. Er hatte es drauf.

“Na, gibtst du dich wieder deinen Illusionen hin”, hörte er hinter sich jemand sprechen. Wütend drehte Marto sich um und erschrak. Denn er sah eine wunderschöne Frau, die an seinem Fenster sah und ihn frech anlächelte. Hinter ihr konnte er den Vollmond sehen und leuchtete das Szenario in ein geheimnisvolles Licht.

“Wer seit Ihr, was woll Ihr und wie könnt Ihr es wagen micht überhaupt anzusprechen”, wütete er sofort los. Diese fremde Frau lachte nur und das war das süßeste Lachen, was er jemals vernommen hatte. Konnte sie wirklich ein Mensch sein, wenn sie einfach so in seinem Fenster auftauchte, scheinbar keine Angst vor ihm hatte und solch ein Lachen besaß?

Und ehe Morto sich versah, verspürte er auf einmal einen tiefen Frieden in sich und hatte kein Bedürfnis mehr, irgendeinen Zauber durchzuführen. Heute nicht mehr und vielleicht auch nicht mehr in der nächsten Zeit. Oder überhaupt.

José Cadalso según Castas Romero (1855)

José CADALSO: Cartas Marruecas, Carta IV.
“La decadencia de tu patria en este siglo es capaz de demostración con todo el rigor geométrico. ¿Hablas de población? Tienes diez millones escasos de almas, mitad del número de vasallos españoles que contaba Fernando el Católico. Esta disminución es evidente. Veo algunas pocas casas nuevas en Madrid y tal cual ciudad grande; pero sal por esas provincias y verás a lo menos dos terceras partes de casas caídas, sin esperanza de que una sola pueda algún día levantarse. Ciudad tienes en España que contó algún día quince mil familias, reducidas hoy a ochocientas. ¿Hablas de ciencias? En el siglo antepasado tu nación era la más docta de Europa, como la francesa en el pasado y la inglesa en el actual; pero hoy, del otro lado de los Pirineos, apenas se conocen los sabios que así se llaman por acá. ¿Hablas de agricultura? Ésta siempre sigue la proporción de la población. Infórmate de los ancianos del pueblo, y oirás lástimas. ¿Hablas de manufacturas? ¿Qué se han hecho las antiguas de Córdoba, Segovia y otras? Fueron famosas en el mundo, y ahora las que las han reemplazado están muy lejos de igualarlas en fama y mérito: se hallan muy en sus principios respecto a las de Francia e Inglaterra”.

Publicado por: Sergi Soler

La ciudad de Venecia se disfraza con sus mejores galas y máscaras para hacer honor al tradicional Carnaval. Y es que Venecia es un escenario ideal para esta fiesta, puesto que no hay decorados; el entorno es tan mágico como real.

Venecia es una ciudad formada por 120 islas unidas por 400 puentes, una ciudad que lucha contra las inundaciones para proteger su singularidad y belleza sin igual. La Escuela veneciana influyó a maestros como Rubens o Velázquez y modeló el estilo Barroco del siglo XVII.

Foto: @cuellar

La espectacular fiesta anual de Carnaval, se celebra entre el 13 y el 24 de febrero, y su inicio tiene lugar en la bellísima Plaza de San Marcos. Ya en el siglo XVII la nobleza se disfrazaba para mezclarse con el pueblo, pasando desapercibida. El Carnaval gozó de pleno apogeo durante el siglo XVIII y logró atraer a aristócratas y viajeros de toda Europa, en busca de placer y diversión. Sin embargo, la llegada de la decadencia militar y mercante casi acaban con el Carnaval, y no es hasta hace tan solo 20 años que reaparece con fuerza, convirtiéndose en un gran atractivo turístico y cultural, donde las máscaras son las grandes protagonistas.

Foto: @A.

Viajar a Venecia para disfrutar de la edición de 2009 y vivir de cerca la magia de las máscaras nos transportará a un mundo de misterio, diversión y fantasía. El día 15 de febrero se celebra el Carnevale al Buio, una fiesta nocturna para agudizar los sentidos… un Carnaval muy especial y seductor.

Foto: @Zahira

“Procesul educaţiei necesită răbdare, atenţie şi perseverenţă, trebuie în mod obligatoriu să se muleze pe un caracter ales al educatorului. Nu este suficient doar să elaborăm enunţuri teoretice, ci este imperativ necesar să proclamăm ce trăim, şi să trăim ceea ce spunem. În excelenta carte Intelectualii scrisă de jurnalistul de notorietate Paul Johnson, acesta surprinde exact carenţele mari de caracter ale unora dintre oamenii care au influenţat lumea prin concepte elaborate. De exemplu, cunoscutul filosof şi scriitor francez din sec. al XVIII-lea, Jean-Jacques Rosseau, care a scris mult despre educaţie, şi care a exercitat o influenţă majoră asupra posterităţii, a trăit o viaţă dezorganizată, imporală, era un personaj egoist, venitos şi iresponsabil. El şi-a abandonat toţi cei cinci copii la Spitalul Copiilor Găsiţi, şi a avut pretenţia că este îndreptăţit să elaboreze principii de educaţie.” (Eugen Jugaru, “Educaţia – o necesitate universală”, în Impuls, Nr. 9)

“Boxerul de categorie grea Mike Tyson ilustrează foarte bine spiritul lumii noastre când afirmă cât de mult îşi ‘iubeşte’ copiii, recunoscând în acelaşi timp că îi vede foarte rar: ‘Nu prea am o relaţie cu ei [copiii lui], le-a spus el reporterilor cu os eară înaintea unui meci. Avem probleme acasă. Dar totul este bine. Sunt cel mai bun tată din lume. Nu ar fi putut avea un tată mai bun ca mine. Chiar dacă nu mă vor mai vedea niciodată, tot nu ar fi putut avea un tată mai bun decât mine, pentru că nimeni nu-i poate iubi mai mult decât mine.’ În ciuda sentimentelor lui Tyson, dovezile sugerează altceva. Datele de la tribunal care reies din judecarea lui dovedesc că între 1995 şi 1997 el a cheltuit de două ori mai mult pentru adăpostirea şi hrănirea animalelor sale (inclusiv peste o mie de porumbei şi o mulţime de pisici) decât pentru alocaţia copiilor săi.” (Gary Thomas, Chemarea sacră de a fi părinte, Editura Noua Speranţă, Timişoara, 2008)

Del 6 al 14 de Noviembre tendrá lugar la XVIII edición del Festival de cine fantástico (Fancine) que organiza la universidad de Málaga en colaboración con el ayuntamiento de Málaga, la diputación provincial de Málaga y la Junta de Andalucía.

La inauguración de este festival tendrá lugar el próximo día 6 de noviembre en el Teatro Cervantes a partir de las 21 horas. Se han seleccionado para abrir este festival el largometraje Penélope y el corto de animación La Svedese. Se proyectarán más de 100 películas entre largometrajes y cortometrajes en el Cine Alameda, el Paraninfo y el Salón de Actos del Rectorado. Las entradas se podrán comprar en el cine Alameda y las películas que se proyecten en el Paraninfo y el Salón de Actos del Rectorado serán gratis hasta completar aforo.

Durante el Neoclasicismo (siglo XVIII) se  rinde culto a la razón en detrimento de los sentimientos y  la literatura está sometida a normas.

Se piensa que la literatura no debe entretener sino educar. De ahí que las obras que se escriben (poesía, teatro, ensayo) en esta época tengan un marcado carácter didáctico (pretenden enseñar)

En la Fonoteca de la Biblioteca virtual Miguel de Cervantes podrás excuchar algunas fábulas literarias del siglo XVIII. Se trata de historias de animales con moraleja final. La intención es, pues, claramente didáctica.

Algunas son muy conocidas: El burro flautista, La lechera (autor: TOMÁS DE IRIARTE)

Pincha en la imagen para acceder a la fonoteca.

En esta página puedes leer los textos de El burro flautista y La cigarra y la hormiga.

También puedes escuchar algunas de las muchas fábulas que escribió FÉLIX Mª DE SAMANIEGO (La cigarra y la hormiga, El ciervo en la fuente, etc.)

Panorama general

Ens trobem en l’anomenada època moderna on el català es trobava en decadència de quantitat i qualitat literària, mentre que la cultura italiana (Renaixement), la castellana (Barroc) i la francesa (neoclassicisme) estaven en el seu màxim esplendor(respectivament). Així que en el Renaixement, el Barroc i d’Il·lustració, la literatura catalana no va comptar amb grans escriptors ni obres per un conjunt d’esdeveniments polítics, econòmics i sociolingüístics, com ara:

• Castellanització de l’aristocràcia
• Pèrdua del poder de la burgesia catalana
• Utilització del castellà en la literatura culta
• Entrada de castellanismes en la literatura culta
• Pèrdua de la consciència d’unitat (de la llengua estàndard. Raó: la Cancelleria despaareix després de l’ocupació espanyola)

Primers temps de l’impremta

Aquest període que anomenem edat moderna té una gran importància gràcies a la realització i divulgació del llibre mitjançant la impremta. La qual(no pots començar un text amb “la qual) Aquesta es consolida i els tallers es converteixen en negocis. Però per culpa de que (prep+què si el pots canviar per “el qual”, si no, has d’esborrar la prep. i l’accent. Fes això i t’estalviaràs de molts descomptes als exàmens) l‘edició demanava grans inversions, per l’alt preu del paper, les impremtes catalanes van tindre  tenir (tindre és una forma col·loquial, poc adequada en textos formals) una debilitat que les obligà a dependre de la producció europea, mantenint d’aquesta manera contacte amb la producció intel·lectual.

El foment de la lectura

La circulació dels llibres mitjançant les llibreries fan que el llibreters importin i exportin llibres, fent que d’aquesta manera l’ activitat cultural catalana quedi reforçada en diferents llengües. A més a més, les llibreries es transformen en punts de trobada de certs circuits intel·lectuals, industrials i comercials. I es presenten diferents maneres de lectura, com la lectura en veu alta, en públic o a la intimitat familiar, i la lectura en solitari, d’una manera individual, privada.

Destacar que per la censura duta a terme per la Inquisió, els autors queden delimitats per difondre les seves idees i es condiciona el clima intel·lectual del segle XVI (un pèl massa calcat)

La nova forma del llibre

El llibre editat per la impremta canvia la seva estructura aconseguint-ne una de més ordenada i clara. La pàgina del títol es fa més gran i individualitzada, a les pàgines principals s’hi afegeixen elements per assegurar l’èxit del llibre, com dedicatòries per aconseguir un mecenes, i la lletra utilitzada canvia.

L’edició com a factor de progrés

Amb el Renaixement apareix l’erudit impressor, que serà aquell encarregat de fer progressar les disciplines humanistes i científiques convertint la impremta en una eina per a la relació intel·lectual.

Situació de l’escriptor a l’edat moderna

Durant aquest període podem apreciar com es passa de la societat estamental de L’Antic Règim cap a una societat més complexa, la burgesia comença a arribar a llocs importants de poder i el poble continua a la pobresa. Al mateix temps, comença a haver-hi canvis polítics i socials, al ser cada vegada menys acceptada la Monarquia Absoluta per  part de la noblesa i la burgesia. I els escriptors, que abans vivien de la protecció d’una mecenes, comencen a tenir feines relacionades amb la literatura.

Els salons dels segles XVII i XVIII

Els salons varen ser llocs per promoure la circulació d’idees i d’obres renovadores, sent també espais de conversa per parlar-hi de la cort, de les modes, de fets polítics i socials, per llegir, comentar i criticar obres… I fruit d’aquestes reunions es realitza l’Enciclopèdia, amb la finalitat de ser “un diccionari de les ciències, les arts i dels oficis”.

Força bé,  compte amb anar retallant fragment d’aquí i d’allà, perquè en redactar-ho t’has d’encarregar que torni a quedar cohesionat i que les frases tinguin sentit. D’acord? Tens un notable, és força complet.